TY - JOUR T1 - Detecting mycotoxins in agricultural commodities AN - 954586968; 13859981 AB - It is difficult to obtain precise and accurate estimates of the true mycotoxin concentration of a bulk lot when using a mycotoxin-sampling plan that measures the concentration in a small portion of the bulk lot. A mycotoxin-sampling plan is defined by a mycotoxin test procedure and a defined accept/reject limit. A mycotoxin test procedure is a complicated process and generally consists of several steps: (a) a sample is taken from the lot, (b) the sample is ground (comminuted) in a mill to reduce particle size, (c) a subsample is removed from the comminuted sample, and (d) the mycotoxin is extracted from the comminuted subsample and quantified. Even when using accepted test procedures, there is variability associated with each step of the mycotoxin test procedure. Because of this variability, the true mycotoxin concentration in the lot cannot be determined with 100% certainty by measuring the mycotoxin concentration in a sample taken from the lot. The variability for each step of the mycotoxin test procedure, as measured by the variance statistic, is shown to increase with mycotoxin concentration. Sampling is usually the largest source of variability associated with the mycotoxin test procedure. Sampling variability is large because a small percentage of kernels are contaminated and the level of contamination on a single seed can be very large. Methods to reduce sampling, sample preparation, and analytical variability are discussed. JF - Molecular Biotechnology AU - Whitaker, Thomas B AD - USDA/ARS, North Carolina State University, Box 7625, 27695-7625, Raleigh, NC Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 61 EP - 71 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 23 IS - 1 SN - 1073-6085, 1073-6085 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Particle size KW - Mycotoxins KW - Seeds KW - Contamination KW - Kernels KW - Sampling KW - X 24370:Natural Toxins KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/954586968?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Detecting+mycotoxins+in+agricultural+commodities&rft.au=Whitaker%2C+Thomas+B&rft.aulast=Whitaker&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Biotechnology&rft.issn=10736085&rft_id=info:doi/10.1385%2FMB%3A23%3A1%3A61 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Particle size; Seeds; Mycotoxins; Contamination; Kernels; Sampling DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/MB:23:1:61 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Herbage response to spacing of loblolly pine trees in a minimal management silvopasture in southeastern USA AN - 867733364; 13662815 AB - Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) silvopastures often are established and maintained on sites of poor soil fertility and minimal fertilizer input. Our objective was to determine whether row spacing affected yield, quality, and botanical composition of minimally managed herbage in loblolly pine early in the tree rotation. Plots were randomly located equidistant from bordering tree rows in each of eight alley width treatments that were 2.4, 3.6, 4.9, 7.3, 9.7, 12.2, 14.6 m wide, and no trees. Row spacing affected the yield, quality, and botanical composition of pasture five to six years in the rotation especially at densities exceeding 840 trees ha super(-1). Botanical composition shifted from predominantly cool-season to warm-season grasses between annual first- and second-harvests, respectively, which caused seasonal differences in several yield and quality traits. Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) production appeared to be unsustainable under minimal management. Herbage yield generally increased, but quality and minerals (crude protein, IVDMD, Ca, and P) tended to decrease with spacing. The 4.9 m row spacing was minimally acceptable for herbage yield and quality. System design should seek to balance tree-crop yield and quality within the context of management constraints and site productivity. JF - Agroforestry Systems AU - Burner, D M AU - Brauer, D K AD - USDA/ARS Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center, 6883 South State Hwy 23, Booneville, AR, 72927, USA, dburner@spa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 69 EP - 77 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 57 IS - 1 SN - 0167-4366, 0167-4366 KW - Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Fertility KW - Fertilizers KW - Pasture KW - Proteins KW - Seasonal variations KW - Sulfur dioxide KW - Trees KW - agroforestry KW - soil fertility KW - USA, Southeast KW - Festuca arundinacea KW - Pinus taeda KW - USA KW - ENA 11:Non-Renewable Resources KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/867733364?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agroforestry+Systems&rft.atitle=Herbage+response+to+spacing+of+loblolly+pine+trees+in+a+minimal+management+silvopasture+in+southeastern+USA&rft.au=Burner%2C+D+M%3BBrauer%2C+D+K&rft.aulast=Burner&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agroforestry+Systems&rft.issn=01674366&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1022943224478 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fertility; Fertilizers; Sulfur dioxide; soil fertility; Trees; Proteins; Pasture; Seasonal variations; agroforestry; Festuca arundinacea; Pinus taeda; USA; USA, Southeast DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022943224478 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The controlling influence of cell-surface electrical potential on the uptake and toxicity of selenate (SeO sub(4) super(2-)) AN - 745932887; 6619158 AB - Root elongation in wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Atlas 66) was inhibited by micromolar activities of SeO sub(4) super(2-). SeO sub(4) super(2-) inhibition was enhanced by supplementation of the rooting medium with CaCl sub(2), MgCl sub(2), SrCl sub(2), or the reduction of pH. These solute treatments, as well as the addition of tris (ethylenediamine)cobalt super(3+), enhanced the uptake of Se by the roots. The results are interpreted to reflect an elevated PM-surface activity of SeO sub(4) super(2-) caused by solute-induced reductions of plasma membrane (PM) surface negativity. (PM-surface electrical potential is sometimes measured electrophoretically as the zeta potential.) This study complements an extensive literature documenting the suitability of an electrostatic model (Gouy-Chapman-Stern), based almost entirely upon experiments with cations rather than anions. The close correspondence among uptake, intoxication, and model-computed SeO sub(4) super(2-) activity at the PM surface adds credibility to the model and its evaluated parameters. The model may be useful for the interpretation of other plant-anion interactions, and phosphate and sulphate nutrition in acidic soils are considered as examples. JF - Physiologia Plantarum AU - Kinraide, Thomas B AD - Appalachian Farming Systems Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beaver, WV 25813-9423, USA, tkinraide@afsrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 64 EP - 71 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road Oxford OX4 2DQ UK, [URL:http://www.blackwellpublishing.com] VL - 117 IS - 1 SN - 0031-9317, 0031-9317 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Intoxication KW - Anions KW - Roots KW - Toxicity KW - Nutrition KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Solutes KW - Elongation KW - Soils (acid) KW - Cations KW - Atlases KW - Phosphate KW - Plasma membranes KW - Zeta potential KW - Dietary supplements KW - Seedlings KW - Rooting KW - pH effects KW - X 24300:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745932887?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physiologia+Plantarum&rft.atitle=The+controlling+influence+of+cell-surface+electrical+potential+on+the+uptake+and+toxicity+of+selenate+%28SeO+sub%284%29+super%282-%29%29&rft.au=Kinraide%2C+Thomas+B&rft.aulast=Kinraide&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=64&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Physiologia+Plantarum&rft.issn=00319317&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.0031-9317.2002.00002.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-07-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Formulas, 4; references, 25. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Intoxication; Anions; Roots; Toxicity; Nutrition; Elongation; Solutes; Soils (acid); Plasma membranes; Phosphate; Atlases; Cations; Dietary supplements; Zeta potential; Seedlings; Rooting; pH effects; Triticum aestivum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0031-9317.2002.00002.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reduction of cancer risk by consumption of selenium-enriched plants: enrichment of broccoli with selenium increases the anticarcinogenic properties of broccoli. AN - 73367451; 12804017 AB - Plant-based diets and phytochemicals present in plants are associated with decreased risk of cancer. Brassica species, and broccoli in particular, are associated with reduced risk of several important cancers. Selenium (Se) is an essential nutrient that is covalently bound in a number of different chemical forms found in plants. Broccoli accumulates Se many-fold beyond the concentration of Se in the soil, and the chemical form of Se in broccoli is similar to the chemical form in high-Se garlic, a food with unique chemoprotective properties. Se from broccoli grown to accumulate more than 500 micro g Se/g did not accumulate in rat tissues or increase glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity to the same extent as Se salts or seleno-amino acids. Se from high-Se broccoli decreased the incidence of aberrant crypts in rats with chemically induced colon cancer by more than 50%, compared with controls. Se from high-Se broccoli also decreased the incidence of mammary tumors in rats treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) and tumor number and volume in APC(min) mice. These results suggest that development of methods to increase the natural accumulation of Se in broccoli may greatly enhance its health-promoting properties. JF - Journal of medicinal food AU - Finley, John W AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9034, USA. jfinley@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 19 EP - 26 VL - 6 IS - 1 SN - 1096-620X, 1096-620X KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene KW - 57-97-6 KW - Glutathione Peroxidase KW - EC 1.11.1.9 KW - Selenium KW - H6241UJ22B KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Glutathione Peroxidase -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Plants, Edible -- chemistry KW - Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental -- prevention & control KW - Colonic Neoplasms -- prevention & control KW - Colonic Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Colonic Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Health Promotion KW - Brassica -- chemistry KW - Selenium -- analysis KW - Brassica -- growth & development KW - Selenium -- pharmacokinetics KW - Neoplasms -- prevention & control KW - Selenium -- administration & dosage KW - Brassica -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73367451?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+medicinal+food&rft.atitle=Reduction+of+cancer+risk+by+consumption+of+selenium-enriched+plants%3A+enrichment+of+broccoli+with+selenium+increases+the+anticarcinogenic+properties+of+broccoli.&rft.au=Finley%2C+John+W&rft.aulast=Finley&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+medicinal+food&rft.issn=1096620X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-07 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Scanning electron microscopy of native biofilms on mung bean sprouts. AN - 73173785; 12674347 AB - Native biofilms present on the adaxial surface of cotyledons of mung bean sprouts (Vigna radiata) were studied by use of scanning electron microscopy. Biofilms were abundant on the cotyledon surfaces and were comprised of rod-shaped bacteria, cocci-shaped bacteria, or yeasts, often with one type of microbe predominant. In contrast to our earlier study of biofilms on green sprouts (alfalfa, clover, broccoli, and sunflower), yeast and cocci were abundant on mung bean. Filamentous fungi were not observed. Sheet-like or fibrillar material (presumably composed of secreted microbial polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids) fully or partially covered the biofilms. Biofilms up to 5 mm in length were observed, and some biofilms were comprised of more than just a monolayer of microbial cells. Native biofilms on sprout surfaces undoubtedly play an important role in the ecology of plant epiphytic microbes and may also afford protected sites for plant and human bacterial pathogens. JF - Canadian journal of microbiology AU - Fett, William F AU - Cooke, Peter H AD - Food Safety Intervention Technologies Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA. wfett@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 45 EP - 50 VL - 49 IS - 1 SN - 0008-4166, 0008-4166 KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Contamination KW - Microscopy, Electron, Scanning KW - Food Microbiology KW - Bacteria -- growth & development KW - Fabaceae -- microbiology KW - Biofilms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73173785?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+journal+of+microbiology&rft.atitle=Scanning+electron+microscopy+of+native+biofilms+on+mung+bean+sprouts.&rft.au=Fett%2C+William+F%3BCooke%2C+Peter+H&rft.aulast=Fett&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+journal+of+microbiology&rft.issn=00084166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-15 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental fate of methyl bromide as a soil fumigant. AN - 73137107; 12666818 AB - The great variation among results of recent experiments measuring the total emission of MeBr from fields implies that many factors influence MeBr transport and transformation in the soil-water-air system and its ultimate loss from the soil surface. It has been demonstrated that variables related to application methods (e.g., injection depth, use and type of surface tarp), soil properties (e.g., water content, bulk density, soil organic matter), and climatic conditions (e.g.. air temperature, wind speed, barometric pressure) have pronounced effects on MeBr volatilization following soil injection. The following conclusions can be drawn from this experimental information. Tarping consistently, increased the residence time and concentration of MeBr residing in the soil. Prolonged retention of MeBr in the soil resulted in more extensive degradation and reduced cumulative emissions. Research indicates that the polyethylene film typically used for the surface cover is relatively permeable to MeBr and allows significant emissions compared to virtually impermeable plastic films. This effect is more pronounced during periods of high temperature. Soil type, soil water content, and bulk density are important factors affecting MeBr transport and transformation in soil, which ultimately affect volatilization. The total volatilization from a soil with high organic matter content may be drastically reduced relative to that from a low organic matter soil. Amendment of the surface soil with organic matter or nucleophilic compounds that promote increased degradation may offer another method for reducing volatilization. MeBr volatilization may also be decreased by increasing soil water content and bulk density, mainly because of the reduced gas-phase diffusion resulting from reduced soil air-filled porosity. To minimize volatilization, MeBr should be applied during periods of cool temperature, injected relatively deep in organic-rich, moist soil, and the soil surface packed and tarped immediately after the application. Depending on site-specific conditions, a new high-barrier plastic should be used. Injecting MeBr during periods of warm temperature, at a shallow depth in dry, loose soil without the use of low-permeability plastic barriers, will likely result in maximum volatilization rates and therefore should be discouraged. Before adopting any new emission reduction technology, the pest control characteristics of the new methodology should be assessed under soil and environmental conditions typical of the region to optimize efficacy while minimizing environmental contamination. There is considerable current scientific evidence indicating that eliminating MeBr use for soil fumigation may not have a significant impact on stratospheric ozone depletion. Management practices can and have been developed that essentially eliminate atmospheric emissions of MeBr and other fumigant compounds following soil application. Some scientists have suggested that there are natural buffers and various unknown sources of MeBr that make it impossible to ascertain that eliminating soil fumigation with MeBr will significantly improve stratospheric ozone levels. It is quite certain, however, that the phase-out will make it much more difficult for growers to economically provide an adequate and healthful food supply in the U.S. and elsewhere in the world. As the phase-out date approaches, there remains a great need for information about MeBr and stratospheric ozone depletion. Stratospheric ozone must be protected, but recent experiments suggest that it can be protected while still allowing MeBr to be used for soil fumigation. A new approach may be warranted in which state and federal regulations recognize that every chemical is a potential environmental contaminant, depending on the properties of the chemical and the environmental conditions prevailing following its application. Ideally, regulations should incorporate incentives to develop technology that minimizes the likelihood that a chemical becomes an environmental and/or public health problem. Rather than instituting an irrevocable ban, allowing for a suspension of chemical use until the appropriate technology is developed to control the undesirable characteristic(s) of the chemical use would provide much more flexibility to growers and may enhance environmental protection by adopting a proactive approach in which growers, chemical manufacturers, regulators, and the public can have confidence. JF - Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology AU - Yates, Scott R AU - Gan, Jay AU - Papiernik, Sharon K AD - USDA-ARS, George E. Brown Jr. Salinity Laboratory, 450 West Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92507-4617, USA. Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 45 EP - 122 VL - 177 SN - 0179-5953, 0179-5953 KW - Hydrocarbons, Brominated KW - 0 KW - Oxidants, Photochemical KW - Pesticides KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - methyl bromide KW - 9V42E1Z7B6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Oxidants, Photochemical -- chemistry KW - Adsorption KW - Volatilization KW - Diffusion KW - Ozone -- chemistry KW - Pesticides -- chemistry KW - Pesticides -- analysis KW - Hydrocarbons, Brominated -- analysis KW - Hydrocarbons, Brominated -- chemistry KW - Soil Pollutants -- analysis KW - Models, Theoretical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73137107?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reviews+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Environmental+fate+of+methyl+bromide+as+a+soil+fumigant.&rft.au=Yates%2C+Scott+R%3BGan%2C+Jay%3BPapiernik%2C+Sharon+K&rft.aulast=Yates&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=177&rft.issue=&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reviews+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.issn=01795953&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-15 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of deoxynivalenol and nivalenol in corn and wheat by liquid chromatography with electrospray mass spectrometry. AN - 73062702; 12607741 AB - The fungus Fusarium graminearum is a pathogen of both wheat and corn. Strains of the fungus from the United States produce a toxin, deoxynivalenol (DON); strains of the fungus from Asia and Europe produce DON or a related toxin, nivalenol. These toxins can cause disease in livestock, and their potential presence in feed and foods is a concern for animal and human health. A method was developed to detect both toxins in corn and wheat by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry of an extract of ground grain. The method requires no sample cleanup and can detect the toxins at 0.05 microg/g. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Plattner, Ronald D AU - Maragos, Chris M AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Mycotoxin Research, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Midwest Area, Agriculture Research Service, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. plattnrd@ncaur.usda.gov PY - 2003 SP - 61 EP - 65 VL - 86 IS - 1 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Mycotoxins KW - 0 KW - Plant Extracts KW - Trichothecenes KW - nivalenol KW - 5WOP02RM1U KW - deoxynivalenol KW - JT37HYP23V KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Edible Grain -- chemistry KW - Plant Extracts -- chemistry KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis KW - Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Zea mays -- chemistry KW - Trichothecenes -- analysis KW - Triticum -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73062702?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Research+in+Nursing+%26+Health&rft.atitle=Women+in+transition%3A+Experiences+of+health+and+health+care+for+recently+incarcerated+women+living+in+community+corrections+facilities&rft.au=Colbert%2C+Alison+M.%3BGoshin%2C+Lorie+S.%3BDurand%2C+Vanessa%3BZoucha%2C+Rick%3BSekula%2C+L.+Kathleen&rft.aulast=Colbert&rft.aufirst=Alison&rft.date=2016-12-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=426&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Research+in+Nursing+%26+Health&rft.issn=01606891&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fnur.21742 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-05 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of vaccination against methyllycaconitine toxicity in mice. AN - 73046108; 12597394 AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether larkspur toxins conjugated to protein carriers would promote active immunity in mice. Mice were injected with several larkspur toxin-protein conjugates or adjuvant alone to determine whether the resulting immunological response altered animal susceptibility to methyllycaconitine, the major toxic larkspur alkaloid. Although vaccinations increased the calculated lethal dose 50% (LD50) for intravenous methyllycaconitine toxicity, overlapping confidence intervals did not provide evidence of differences between the vaccinated and control groups. In the lycoctonine conjugate (LYC)-vaccinated group, mouse survival was related (P = 0.001) to serum titers for methyllycaconitine doses up to 4.5 mg/kg of body weight. When mice withlow antibody titers were removed from the vaccinated groups in which titer was related to survival, the recalculated LD50 estimates were 20% greater than the LD50 of the control group. However, the 95% confidence intervals of the recalculated LD50 groups overlapped with the control groups. Overall, these results suggest that vaccination altered methyllycaconitine toxicity in mice and that vaccination may be useful in decreasing the effects of larkspur toxins in animals. Additional studies are warranted to continue development of potential larkspur vaccines for livestock. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Lee, S T AU - Stegelmeier, B L AU - Panter, K E AU - Pfister, J A AU - Gardner, D R AU - Schoch, T K AU - James, L F AD - USDA, ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, Utah 84341, USA. stlee@cc.usu.edu Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 232 EP - 238 VL - 81 IS - 1 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Plant Extracts KW - 0 KW - 14-deacetylnudicauline KW - 119347-24-9 KW - methyllycaconitine KW - 21019-30-7 KW - lycoctonine KW - 26000-17-9 KW - Aconitine KW - X8YN71D5WC KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals, Domestic KW - Animals KW - Biological Assay -- veterinary KW - Random Allocation KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Binding, Competitive KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Immunity, Active KW - Mice KW - Survival Analysis KW - Plant Poisoning -- immunology KW - Vaccination -- veterinary KW - Plant Extracts -- immunology KW - Plant Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Plant Extracts -- toxicity KW - Aconitine -- toxicity KW - Delphinium -- poisoning KW - Plant Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Aconitine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Delphinium -- chemistry KW - Aconitine -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73046108?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychiatric+Clinics+of+North+America&rft.atitle=Sex+offender+risk+assessment+and+management&rft.au=Booth%2C+Brad+D.%3BKingston%2C+Drew+A.&rft.aulast=Booth&rft.aufirst=Brad&rft.date=2016-12-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=675&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Psychiatric+Clinics+of+North+America&rft.issn=0193953X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.psc.2016.07.011 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-19 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - On-farm and postharvest processing sources of bacterial contamination to melon rinds. AN - 72982966; 12540185 AB - Multistate and international foodborne illness outbreaks, particularly involving cantaloupe and often involving rare Salmonella spp., have increased dramatically over the past 13 years. This study assessed the sources and extent of melon rind contamination in production fields and at processing and packing facilities. In the spring of 1999, cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L. [reticulatus group] cv. Cruiser) sampled from two sites in the Rio Grande River Valley showed that postharvest-processed melon rinds often had greater plate counts of bacterial contaminants than field-fresh melons. Cantaloupe in the field had 2.5 to 3.5 log CFU g(-1) rind total coliforms by aerobic plate counts, whereas washed melons had 4.0 to 5.0 log CFU g(-1). In the fall of 1999, coliforms on honeydew melons (C. melo [inodorous group] cv. Honey Brew) ranged from 2.6 to 3.7 log CFU g(-1) after processing, and total and fecal coliforms and enterococci never fell below 2.5 log CFU g(-1). A hydrocooler at another site contaminated cantaloupe rinds with up to 3.4 log CFU g(-1) total and fecal enterococci; a secondary rinse with chlorinated water incompletely removed these bacteria. Sources of coliforms and enterococci were at high levels in melon production soils, especially in furrows that were flood irrigated, in standing water at one field, and in irrigation water at both sites. At one processing facility, wash water pumped from the Rio Grande River may not have been sufficiently disinfected prior to use. Because soil, irrigation water, and process water were potential sources of bacterial contamination, monitoring and management on-farm and at processing and packing facilities should focus on water quality as an important control point for growers and packers to reduce bacterial contamination on melon rinds. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Gagliardi, J V AU - Millner, P D AU - Lester, G AU - Ingram, D AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Animal Waste Pathogens Lab, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Building 001, Room 140, BARC-West, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA. gagliarj@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 82 EP - 87 VL - 66 IS - 1 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Microbiology KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Seasons KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Water Microbiology KW - Cucumis melo -- microbiology KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Cucumis -- microbiology KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Enterobacteriaceae -- growth & development KW - Enterococcus -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72982966?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=On-farm+and+postharvest+processing+sources+of+bacterial+contamination+to+melon+rinds.&rft.au=Gagliardi%2C+J+V%3BMillner%2C+P+D%3BLester%2C+G%3BIngram%2C+D&rft.aulast=Gagliardi&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=82&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-11 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Putative temporal variability of Escherichia coli ribotypes from yearling steers. AN - 72972904; 12549570 AB - Escherichia coli is a ubiquitous component of the intestinal microflora of warm-blooded animals, and is an indicator of fecal contamination of surface waters. Ribotype profiling of E. coli is one of several genotypic methods that has been developed to determine the host origin of fecal bacteria. Like most genotypic methods of source tracking, ribotyping requires a host origin database to identify environmental isolates. To determine the extent of temporal variability of ribotypes and its effect on a host origin database, E. coli isolates were obtained from fecal samples of two herds of Black Angus steers at a long-term experimental site at four sampling times from October 1999 to July 2000. Fecal samples were taken from six randomly chosen steers at each time. At a similarity index of 90% as calculated by unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages (UPGMA), 240 ribotypes were identified from 451 E. coli isolates. Only 20 ribotypes (8.3%), comprising 33% of the total isolates, were shared among sampling times and were considered resident ribotypes. Two of the twenty resident ribotypes appeared at three sampling times, and the remaining eighteen appeared at two. The majority of the ribotypes, therefore, were transient and unique to each sampling time and steer. Both the apparent turnover of E. coli ribotypes and a clonal diversity index of 0.97 (indicative of extensive ribotype variability) suggest the necessity of ribotyping a large number E. coli isolates per host to establish a host origin database that is independent of temporal variability, or complete enough to be effective. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - Jenkins, M B AU - Hartel, P G AU - Olexa, T J AU - Stuedemann, J A AD - USDA-ARS, J. Phil Campbell, Sr., Natural Resource Conservation Center, Watkinsville, GA 30677, USA. mjenkins@arches.uga.edu PY - 2003 SP - 305 EP - 309 VL - 32 IS - 1 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Water Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Feces -- microbiology KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Animals KW - Water Pollutants -- analysis KW - Databases, Factual KW - Water Microbiology KW - Male KW - Ribotyping KW - Cattle -- microbiology KW - Escherichia coli -- pathogenicity KW - Escherichia coli -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72972904?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Putative+temporal+variability+of+Escherichia+coli+ribotypes+from+yearling+steers.&rft.au=Jenkins%2C+M+B%3BHartel%2C+P+G%3BOlexa%2C+T+J%3BStuedemann%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=305&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-15 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - PSII inhibitory activity of resorcinolic lipids from Sorghum bicolor. AN - 72964743; 12542343 AB - Resorcinolic lipids were isolated from the root extracts of Sorghum bicolor and identified as 4,6-dimethoxy-2-[(8'Z,11'Z)-8',11',14'-pentadecatriene]resorcinol (4), 4-methoxy-6-ethoxy-2-[(8'Z,11'Z)-8',11',14'-pentadecatriene]resorcinol (5), and 4-hydroxy-6-ethoxy-2-[(10'Z,13'Z)-10',13',16'-heptadecatriene]resorcinol (6). Compounds 4 and 5 inhibited photosynthetic oxygen evolution (IC50 0.09 and 0.20 microM, respectively). Compound 4 could not be enzymatically converted to a quinone, suggesting that the quinone moiety is not required for its photosystem II inhibitory activity. Compounds 5 and 6 are reported for the first time. JF - Journal of natural products AU - Rimando, Agnes M AU - Dayan, Franck E AU - Streibig, Jens C AD - USDA-ARS, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, P.O. Box 8048, University, Mississippi 38677, USA. arimando@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 42 EP - 45 VL - 66 IS - 1 SN - 0163-3864, 0163-3864 KW - Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes KW - 0 KW - Lipids KW - Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins KW - Photosystem II Protein Complex KW - Quinones KW - Resorcinols KW - Chlorophyll KW - 1406-65-1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Molecular Structure KW - Stereoisomerism KW - Germination -- drug effects KW - Chlorophyll -- metabolism KW - Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular KW - Algorithms KW - Lettuce -- drug effects KW - Inhibitory Concentration 50 KW - Plant Roots -- chemistry KW - Quinones -- metabolism KW - Resorcinols -- chemistry KW - Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins -- metabolism KW - Lipids -- isolation & purification KW - Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins -- chemistry KW - Resorcinols -- pharmacology KW - Lipids -- chemistry KW - Photosynthesis -- drug effects KW - Poaceae -- chemistry KW - Resorcinols -- isolation & purification KW - Lipids -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72964743?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+natural+products&rft.atitle=PSII+inhibitory+activity+of+resorcinolic+lipids+from+Sorghum+bicolor.&rft.au=Rimando%2C+Agnes+M%3BDayan%2C+Franck+E%3BStreibig%2C+Jens+C&rft.aulast=Rimando&rft.aufirst=Agnes&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=42&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+natural+products&rft.issn=01633864&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-20 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inactivation of feline calicivirus and adenovirus type 40 by UV radiation. AN - 72948001; 12514044 AB - Little information regarding the effectiveness of UV radiation on the inactivation of caliciviruses and enteric adenoviruses is available. Analysis of human calicivirus resistance to disinfectants is hampered by the lack of animal or cell culture methods that can determine the viruses' infectivity. The inactivation kinetics of enteric adenovirus type 40 (AD40), coliphage MS-2, and feline calicivirus (FCV), closely related to the human caliciviruses based on nucleic acid organization and capsid architecture, were determined after exposure to low-pressure UV radiation in buffered demand-free (BDF) water at room temperature. In addition, UV disinfection experiments were also carried out in treated groundwater with FCV and AD40. AD40 was more resistant than either FCV or coliphage MS-2 in both BDF water and groundwater. The doses of UV required to achieve 99% inactivation of AD40, coliphage MS-2, and FCV in BDF water were 109, 55, and 16 mJ/cm(2), respectively. The doses of UV required to achieve 99% inactivation of AD40, coliphage MS-2, and FCV in groundwater were slightly lower than those in BDF water. FCV was inactivated by 99% by 13 mJ/cm(2) in treated groundwater. A dose of 103 mJ/cm(2) was required for 99% inactivation of AD40 in treated groundwater. The results of this study indicate that if FCV is an adequate surrogate for human caliciviruses, then their inactivation by UV radiation is similar to those of other single-stranded RNA enteric viruses, such as poliovirus. In addition, AD40 appears to be more resistant to UV disinfection than previously reported. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Thurston-Enriquez, Jeanette A AU - Haas, Charles N AU - Jacangelo, Joseph AU - Riley, Kelley AU - Gerba, Charles P AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0934, USA. JThurston2@unl.edu Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 577 EP - 582 VL - 69 IS - 1 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Index Medicus KW - Levivirus -- radiation effects KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Cats KW - Water Supply KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Ultraviolet Rays KW - Fresh Water -- virology KW - Disinfection -- methods KW - Calicivirus, Feline -- radiation effects KW - Adenoviruses, Human -- radiation effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72948001?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Inactivation+of+feline+calicivirus+and+adenovirus+type+40+by+UV+radiation.&rft.au=Thurston-Enriquez%2C+Jeanette+A%3BHaas%2C+Charles+N%3BJacangelo%2C+Joseph%3BRiley%2C+Kelley%3BGerba%2C+Charles+P&rft.aulast=Thurston-Enriquez&rft.aufirst=Jeanette&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=577&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-21 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Infect Dis. 2000 May;181 Suppl 2:S254-61 [10804134] Virology. 1962 Jun;17:335-41 [14005142] J Infect Dis. 2000 May;181 Suppl 2:S317-21 [10804144] Arch Environ Health. 1968 Nov;17(5):795-802 [4301161] Appl Microbiol. 1970 May;19(5):805-12 [4316273] Virology. 1971 Aug;45(2):529-31 [4328814] J Gen Virol. 1973 Jan;18(1):51-4 [4352953] Curr Stud Hematol Blood Transfus. 1989;(56):70-82 [2491986] Jpn J Ophthalmol. 1990;34(4):421-7 [1964482] J Virol Methods. 1992 May;37(2):201-7 [1317878] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1994 Aug;60(8):2963-70 [8085832] Microbiol Immunol. 1995;39(8):577-80 [7494496] J Infect. 1998 Jan;36(1):101-3 [9515677] Epidemiol Infect. 1998 Oct;121(2):401-7 [9825793] J Hosp Infect. 1999 Jan;41(1):51-7 [9949965] J Infect Dis. 2000 May;181 Suppl 2:S262-9 [10804135] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Contamination of Atlantic coast commercial shellfish with Cryptosporidium. AN - 72892297; 12489014 AB - Shellfish (oysters and/or clams) were obtained from 37 commercial harvesting sites in 13 Atlantic coast states from Maine to Florida and one site in New Brunswick, Canada. Gill washings from each of 25 shellfish at each site were examined by immunofluorescence microscopy (IFA) for oocysts of Cryptosporidium. Gill washings from another 25 shellfish at each site were grouped into five pools of five shellfish each. DNA from each pool was utilized for PCR and genotyping. Oocysts were found in 3.7% of 925 oysters and clams examined by IFA in shellfish from New Brunswick and 11 of 13 states. Cryptosporidium DNA was detected by PCR in 35.2% of 185 pools. Cryptosporidium parvum genotypes 1 and 2, and Cryptosporidium meleagridis,all of which have been identified in infected humans, were identified at 37.8% of the sites. Gill washings from every site were tested for the presence of infectious oocysts by biological assay in neonatal BALB/c mice but no mice were found infected, suggesting that either the oocysts were no longer infectious or infections in mice were below the level of detection. Collectively, these findings indicate that Cryptosporidium species, indicative of pollution from human and animal feces and potentially infectious for humans, were found in commercial shellfish from 64.9% of sites examined along the Atlantic coast by either microscopy or molecular testing. Previous reports link periods of high rainfall with the elevated numbers of pathogen contaminated shellfish. Because shellfish in the present study were examined during a period of exceptionally low precipitation, the data are thought to underestimate the number of Cryptosporidium contaminated shellfish likely to be found during periods of normal or above normal precipitation. JF - Parasitology research AU - Fayer, R AU - Trout, J M AU - Lewis, E J AU - Santin, M AU - Zhou, L AU - Lal, A A AU - Xiao, L AD - Animal Waste Pathogen Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. rfayer@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 141 EP - 145 VL - 89 IS - 2 SN - 0932-0113, 0932-0113 KW - Index Medicus KW - Microscopy, Fluorescence KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Base Sequence KW - Food Microbiology KW - Cryptosporidiosis -- parasitology KW - Mice KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Fisheries KW - Cryptosporidium -- growth & development KW - Shellfish -- parasitology KW - Cryptosporidium -- genetics KW - Cryptosporidium -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72892297?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Parasitology+research&rft.atitle=Contamination+of+Atlantic+coast+commercial+shellfish+with+Cryptosporidium.&rft.au=Fayer%2C+R%3BTrout%2C+J+M%3BLewis%2C+E+J%3BSantin%2C+M%3BZhou%2C+L%3BLal%2C+A+A%3BXiao%2C+L&rft.aulast=Fayer&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=141&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Parasitology+research&rft.issn=09320113&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-07 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Insulin and amino acids independently stimulate skeletal muscle protein synthesis in neonatal pigs. AN - 72886923; 12388131 AB - Infusion of physiological levels of insulin and/or amino acids reproduces the feeding-induced stimulation of muscle protein synthesis in neonates. To determine whether insulin and amino acids independently stimulate skeletal muscle protein synthesis in neonates, insulin secretion was blocked with somatostatin in fasted 7-day-old pigs (n = 8-12/group) while glucose and glucagon were maintained at fasting levels and insulin was infused to simulate either less than fasting, fasting, intermediate, or fed insulin levels. At each dose of insulin, amino acids were clamped at either the fasting or fed level; at the highest insulin dose, amino acids were also reduced to less than fasting levels. Skeletal muscle protein synthesis was measured using a flooding dose of l-[4-(3)H]phenylalanine. Hyperinsulinemia increased protein synthesis in skeletal muscle during hypoaminoacidemia and euaminoacidemia. Hyperaminoacidemia increased muscle protein synthesis during hypoinsulinemia and euinsulinemia. There was a dose-response effect of both insulin and amino acids on muscle protein synthesis. At each insulin dose, hyperaminoacidemia increased muscle protein synthesis. The effects of insulin and amino acids on muscle protein synthesis were largely additive until maximal rates of protein synthesis were achieved. Amino acids enhanced basal protein synthesis rates but did not enhance the sensitivity or responsiveness of muscle protein synthesis to insulin. The results suggest that insulin and amino acids independently stimulate protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of the neonate. JF - American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism AU - O'Connor, Pamela M J AU - Bush, Jill A AU - Suryawan, Agus AU - Nguyen, Hanh V AU - Davis, Teresa A AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Children's Nutrition Research Center and Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - E110 EP - E119 VL - 284 IS - 1 SN - 0193-1849, 0193-1849 KW - Amino Acids KW - 0 KW - Amino Acids, Branched-Chain KW - Insulin KW - Muscle Proteins KW - Tritium KW - 10028-17-8 KW - Phenylalanine KW - 47E5O17Y3R KW - Somatostatin KW - 51110-01-1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Somatostatin -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Kinetics KW - Food KW - Fasting KW - Phenylalanine -- administration & dosage KW - Amino Acids, Branched-Chain -- blood KW - Insulin -- blood KW - Insulin -- secretion KW - Insulin -- pharmacology KW - Amino Acids -- pharmacology KW - Amino Acids -- blood KW - Animals, Newborn -- metabolism KW - Swine -- metabolism KW - Muscle, Skeletal -- metabolism KW - Muscle, Skeletal -- drug effects KW - Muscle Proteins -- biosynthesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72886923?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+physiology.+Endocrinology+and+metabolism&rft.atitle=Insulin+and+amino+acids+independently+stimulate+skeletal+muscle+protein+synthesis+in+neonatal+pigs.&rft.au=O%27Connor%2C+Pamela+M+J%3BBush%2C+Jill+A%3BSuryawan%2C+Agus%3BNguyen%2C+Hanh+V%3BDavis%2C+Teresa+A&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=Pamela+M&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=284&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=E110&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+physiology.+Endocrinology+and+metabolism&rft.issn=01931849&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-10 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of feeding solanidine, solasodine and tomatidine to non-pregnant and pregnant mice. AN - 72882861; 12453729 AB - The aglycone forms of three steroidal glycoalkaloids-solanidine (derived by hydrolytic removal of the carbohydrate side chain from the potato glycoalkaloids alpha-chaconine and alpha-solanine), solasodine (derived from solasonine in eggplants) and tomatidine (derived from alpha-tomatine in tomatoes)-were evaluated for their effects on liver weight increase (hepatomegaly) in non-pregnant and pregnant mice and on fecundity in pregnant mice fed for 14 days on a diet containing 2.4 mmol/kg of aglycone. In non-pregnant mice, observed ratios of % liver weights to body weights (%LW/BWs) were significantly greater than those of the control values as follows (all values in % vs matched controls+/-S.D.): solanidine, 25.5+/-13.2; solasodine 16.8+/-12.0; and tomatidine, 6.0+/-7.1. The corresponding increases in pregnant mice were: solanidine, 5.3+/-10.7; solasodine, 33.1+/-15.1; tomatidine, 8.4+/-9.1. For pregnant mice (a) body weight gains were less with the algycones than with controls: solanidine, -36.1+/-14.5; solasodine, -17.9+/-14.3; tomatidine, -11.9+/-18.1; (b) litter weights were less than controls: solanidine, -27.0+/-17.1; solasodine, -15.5+/-16.8; tomatidine, no difference; (c) the %LTW/BW ratio was less than that of the controls and was significant only for solasodine, -8.7+/-13.7; and (d) the average weight of the fetuses was less than the controls: solanidine, -11.2+/-15.2; solasodine, -11.4+/-9.4; tomatidine, no difference. Abortion of fetuses occurred in five of 24 pregnant mice on the solanidine and none on the other diets. To obtain evidence for possible mechanisms of the observed in vivo effects, the four glycoalkaloids (alpha-chaconine, alpha-solanine, solasonine and alpha-tomatine) mentioned above and the aglycones solanidine and tomatidine were also evaluated in in vitro assays for estrogenic activity. Only solanidine at 10 microM concentration exhibited an increase in the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell proliferation assay. Generally, the biological effects of solanidine differ from those of the parent potato glycoalkaloids. Possible mechanisms of these effects and the implication of the results for food safety and plant physiology are discussed. JF - Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association AU - Friedman, Mendel AU - Henika, P R AU - Mackey, B E AD - Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA. mfried@pw.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 61 EP - 71 VL - 41 IS - 1 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - Receptors, Estrogen KW - 0 KW - Solanaceous Alkaloids KW - tomatidine KW - 2B73S48786 KW - Tomatine KW - 31U6547O08 KW - Diosgenin KW - K49P2K8WLX KW - solasodine KW - L40Y453Y96 KW - solanidine KW - W7801OHM8B KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Litter Size -- drug effects KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured -- drug effects KW - Random Allocation KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Breast Neoplasms KW - Mice KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Pregnancy KW - Abortion, Veterinary -- chemically induced KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Hepatomegaly -- chemically induced KW - Adenocarcinoma KW - Female KW - Pregnancy Outcome KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Liver -- anatomy & histology KW - Tomatine -- chemistry KW - Receptors, Estrogen -- drug effects KW - Tomatine -- toxicity KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Solanaceous Alkaloids -- chemistry KW - Tomatine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Solanaceous Alkaloids -- toxicity KW - Fertility -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72882861?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.atitle=Effect+of+feeding+solanidine%2C+solasodine+and+tomatidine+to+non-pregnant+and+pregnant+mice.&rft.au=Friedman%2C+Mendel%3BHenika%2C+P+R%3BMackey%2C+B+E&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=Mendel&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-13 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aqueous-phase disappearance of atrazine, metolachlor, and chlorpyrifos in laboratory aquaria and outdoor macrocosms. AN - 72876509; 12434220 AB - Dissipation processes are described for a combination of commonly used pesticides-atrazine (6-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino- s-triazine), metolachlor (2-chloro- N-[2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenyl]- N-[2-methoxy-1-methylethyl] acetamide), and chlorpyrifos ( O-O diethyl O-[3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl] phosphorothioate)-in a laboratory and outdoor pond systems. Dosing rates and timing were designed to duplicate those common in the mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain, USA. Treatments ranged from 2 and 2.5 mg/L to 0.2 and 0.25 mg/L respectively for atrazine and metolachlor, and chlorpyrifos was added at 1.0 and 0.1 mg/L in the aquaria and at 0.1 mg/L in the outdoor macrocosms. Chlorpyrifos disappearance was rapid in all of the systems and followed a two-phase sequence. Initial half-lives varied from 0.16 day to 0.38 day and showed similar rates in the aquaria and the outdoor systems. The second phase of the chlorpyrifis loss pattern was slower (18-20 days) in all the treatments except for the low herbicide treatment in the outdoor test, where it was 3.4 days. Compared to the outdoor system, herbicide losses were much slower in the aquaria, e.g., 150 days for atrazine and 55 days for metolachlor, and no appreciable loss of herbicide was apparent in the high-treated aquaria. In the outdoor systems, the half-lives for the low herbicide treatment were 27 days and 12 days, respectively, for atrazine and metolachlor, and 48 and 20 days, respectively for the high herbicide-treated pond. Very low levels of CIAT (6-amino-2-chloro-4-iso-propylamino- s-triazine) and CEAT (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-ethylamino- s-triazine), degradation products of atrazine, were observed in the outdoor studies. JF - Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology AU - Mazanti, L AU - Rice, C AU - Bialek, K AU - Sparling, D AU - Stevenson, C AU - Johnson, W E AU - Kangas, P AU - Rheinstein, J AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Wetland Science Institute, 12311 Beech Forest Rd., Laurel, Maryland 20708, USA. Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 67 EP - 76 VL - 44 IS - 1 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - Acetamides KW - 0 KW - Herbicides KW - Insecticides KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Chlorpyrifos KW - JCS58I644W KW - Atrazine KW - QJA9M5H4IM KW - metolachlor KW - X0I01K05X2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Half-Life KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Chlorpyrifos -- analysis KW - Acetamides -- analysis KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- analysis KW - Herbicides -- analysis KW - Atrazine -- analysis KW - Insecticides -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72876509?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Aqueous-phase+disappearance+of+atrazine%2C+metolachlor%2C+and+chlorpyrifos+in+laboratory+aquaria+and+outdoor+macrocosms.&rft.au=Mazanti%2C+L%3BRice%2C+C%3BBialek%2C+K%3BSparling%2C+D%3BStevenson%2C+C%3BJohnson%2C+W+E%3BKangas%2C+P%3BRheinstein%2C+J&rft.aulast=Mazanti&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.issn=00904341&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-13 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nutritional consequences of food processing. AN - 71594922; 15806931 AB - A variety of methods are used to process foods: if they are not edible, to render them so; to permit storage; to alter texture and flavor; to destroy microorganisms and other toxins. These methods include heating (baking, cooking, frying, microwaving), freezing, and high pH. It is a paradox of nature that the processing of foods can improve, nutrition, quality, and safety; yet, occasionally these processing alternatives can lead to the formation of anti-nutritional and toxic compounds. These multi-faceted consequences of food processing result from molecular interactions among nutrients and with other food ingredients, both natural and added. This paper outlines the following aspects of processing-induced formation of novel food ingredients and the resulting consequences for nutrition: protein-polyphenol and protein-carbohydrate enzymatic and non-enzymatic browning reactions; formation of heterocyclic amines in meat; inactivation of soybean inhibitors of digestive enzymes; formation of lysinoalanine and D-amino acids in food proteins; and the stability of phenolic compounds to high pH. Possible approaches to prevent the formation of deleterious food ingredients are also addressed. JF - Forum of nutrition AU - Friedman, Mendel AD - Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Albany, California 94710, USA. mfried@pw.usda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 350 EP - 352 VL - 56 SN - 1660-0347, 1660-0347 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - Heterocyclic Compounds KW - Mutagens KW - Phenols KW - Index Medicus KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- adverse effects KW - Carcinogens -- administration & dosage KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Nutritive Value KW - Maillard Reaction KW - Humans KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Heterocyclic Compounds -- adverse effects KW - Mutagens -- administration & dosage KW - Phenols -- analysis KW - Mutagens -- adverse effects KW - Chemical Phenomena KW - Heterocyclic Compounds -- analysis KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- analysis KW - Carcinogens -- adverse effects KW - Chemistry, Physical KW - Food Handling -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71594922?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Primary+Health+Care+Research+and+Development&rft.atitle=Listening+to+Australian+indigenous+men%3A+Stories+of+incarceration+and+hope&rft.au=Macdonald%2C+John%3BScholes%2C+Tony%3BPowell%2C+Kay&rft.aulast=Macdonald&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2016-11-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=568&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Primary+Health+Care+Research+and+Development&rft.issn=14634236&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017%2FS1463423616000256 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-07-12 N1 - Date created - 2005-04-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fertilizer rate and beta-galactosidase and peroxidase activity in pepper fruit at different stages and years of harvest. AN - 71594878; 15366264 AB - Beta-galactosidase and peroxidase are enzymes reported to have roles in pepper maturation. Fertilizer rate may affect activity of these enzymes in fruit maturing on the plant. Nine pepper cultivars, five non-pungent and four pungent, were fertilized at two rates in field plots in 1997 and 1998 at Lane, OK, USA. Fruit were harvested at mature green, turning, and red color developmental stages, and assayed for beta-galactosidase and peroxidase activity. Overall fruit beta-galactosidase activity increased as fertilizer rate increased, and was highest in red fruit. Fertilizer rate and fruit developmental stage did not affect peroxidase activity in 1997, but peroxidase activity was highest in red fruit in 1998. Enzyme activity appeared to be cultivar dependent, and patterns differed in both years. Activities of both enzymes were higher at the red stage in many of the non-pungent peppers than in pungent peppers. These data suggest that increased fertilizer affects the activity of at least one enzyme in fruit maturing on the plant. Cultural practices affecting enzyme activity may be used to modify concentrations of components in plants that are important for human consumption. JF - Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands) AU - Russo, V M AU - Biles, C L AD - USDA, ARS, South Central Agricultural Research Laboratory, POB 159, Lane, OK 74555, USA. Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 231 EP - 239 VL - 58 IS - 3 SN - 0921-9668, 0921-9668 KW - Fertilizers KW - 0 KW - Peroxidase KW - EC 1.11.1.7 KW - beta-Galactosidase KW - EC 3.2.1.23 KW - Index Medicus KW - Nutritive Value KW - Humans KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Time Factors KW - beta-Galactosidase -- drug effects KW - beta-Galactosidase -- metabolism KW - Capsicum -- drug effects KW - Capsicum -- growth & development KW - Peroxidase -- metabolism KW - Peroxidase -- drug effects KW - Fertilizers -- adverse effects KW - Capsicum -- enzymology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71594878?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+foods+for+human+nutrition+%28Dordrecht%2C+Netherlands%29&rft.atitle=Fertilizer+rate+and+beta-galactosidase+and+peroxidase+activity+in+pepper+fruit+at+different+stages+and+years+of+harvest.&rft.au=Russo%2C+V+M%3BBiles%2C+C+L&rft.aulast=Russo&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=231&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+foods+for+human+nutrition+%28Dordrecht%2C+Netherlands%29&rft.issn=09219668&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-10-05 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fumonisin and beauvericin induce apoptosis in turkey peripheral blood lymphocytes. AN - 71462019; 14682463 AB - Fumonisins, a family of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium verticillioides (synonym Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon) and F. proliferatum, have been associated with various deleterious effects in different animal species. Serological, hematological and pathological effects and mortality have previously been observed in broiler chicks fed F. proliferatum culture material containing known concentrations of fumonisin, moniliformin and beauvericin. Turkey peripheral blood lymphocytes were exposed in vitro for 72 hours to fumonisin B1 (FB1), fumonisin B2 (FB2), hydrolyzed fumonisin B1 (HFB1), moniliformin and tricarballylic acid (TCA) (0.01-25 microg/ml). A decrease in cell proliferation, as determined by the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] bioassay, occurred in the order: FB2 > FB1 > HFB1, with IC50 = 0.6 microM, 1 microM and 10 microM, respectively. Internucleosomal DNA fragmentation and morphological features characteristic of apoptosis were observed following exposure to fumonisin B1 and beauvericin; cytoplasmic condensation and membrane blebbing were seen by light microscopy. Tricarballylic acid and moniliformin did not interfere with cell proliferation. Results suggested that fumonisin B1 and beauvericin may affect immune functions by suppressing proliferation and inducing apoptosis of lymphocytes. JF - Mycopathologia AU - Dombrink-Kurtzman, Mary Ann AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA. dombrink@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 357 EP - 364 VL - 156 IS - 4 SN - 0301-486X, 0301-486X KW - Cyclobutanes KW - 0 KW - Depsipeptides KW - Formazans KW - Fumonisins KW - Peptides KW - Tetrazolium Salts KW - Tricarboxylic Acids KW - MTT formazan KW - 23305-68-2 KW - beauvericin KW - 26S048LS2R KW - moniliformin KW - 31876-38-7 KW - tricarballylic acid KW - RA5QH2J020 KW - Index Medicus KW - Formazans -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Tricarboxylic Acids -- toxicity KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Cyclobutanes -- toxicity KW - Cell Division -- physiology KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - DNA Fragmentation -- drug effects KW - Electrophoresis, Agar Gel -- veterinary KW - DNA Fragmentation -- physiology KW - Tetrazolium Salts -- metabolism KW - Apoptosis -- physiology KW - Apoptosis -- drug effects KW - Fumonisins -- toxicity KW - Turkeys -- blood KW - Lymphocytes -- cytology KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Peptides -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71462019?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycopathologia&rft.atitle=Fumonisin+and+beauvericin+induce+apoptosis+in+turkey+peripheral+blood+lymphocytes.&rft.au=Dombrink-Kurtzman%2C+Mary+Ann&rft.aulast=Dombrink-Kurtzman&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=156&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=357&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycopathologia&rft.issn=0301486X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-09 N1 - Date created - 2003-12-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Substrate-induced lipase gene expression and aflatoxin production in Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus flavus. AN - 71397560; 14633008 AB - To establish a relationship between lipase gene expression and aflatoxin production by cloning the lipA gene and studying its expression pattern in several aflatoxigenic and nontoxigenic isolates of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. We have cloned a gene, lipA, that encodes a lipase involved in the breakdown of lipids from aflatoxin-producing A. flavus, A. parasiticus and two nonaflatoxigenic A. flavus isolates, wool-1 and wool-2. The lipA gene was transcribed under diverse media conditions, however, no mature mRNA was detected unless the growth medium was supplemented with 0.5% soya bean or peanut oil or the fungus was grown in lipid-rich medium such as coconut medium. The expression of the lipase gene (mature mRNA) under substrate-induced conditions correlated well with aflatoxin production in aflatoxigenic species A. flavus (SRRC 1007) and A. parasiticus (SRRC 143). Substrate-induced lipase gene expression might be indirectly related to aflatoxin formation by providing the basic building block 'acetate' for aflatoxin synthesis. No direct relationship between lipid metabolism and aflatoxin production can be ascertained, however, lipase gene expression correlates well with aflatoxin formation. Lipid substrate induces and promotes aflatoxin formation. It gives insight into genetic and biochemical aspects of aflatoxin formation. JF - Journal of applied microbiology AU - Yu, J AU - Mohawed, S M AU - Bhatnagar, D AU - Cleveland, T E AD - USDA/ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA, USA. jiuyu@srrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 1334 EP - 1342 VL - 95 IS - 6 SN - 1364-5072, 1364-5072 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - Culture Media KW - LipA protein, Bacteria KW - Lipids KW - Lipase KW - EC 3.1.1.3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Aspergillus flavus -- genetics KW - Genes, Bacterial KW - Bacterial Proteins -- genetics KW - Aspergillus flavus -- enzymology KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Lipids -- pharmacology KW - Chromatography, Thin Layer KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Aspergillus flavus -- metabolism KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Aflatoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Aspergillus -- genetics KW - Aspergillus -- enzymology KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic -- drug effects KW - Lipase -- genetics KW - Aspergillus -- metabolism KW - Lipase -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71397560?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+applied+microbiology&rft.atitle=Substrate-induced+lipase+gene+expression+and+aflatoxin+production+in+Aspergillus+parasiticus+and+Aspergillus+flavus.&rft.au=Yu%2C+J%3BMohawed%2C+S+M%3BBhatnagar%2C+D%3BCleveland%2C+T+E&rft.aulast=Yu&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1334&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+applied+microbiology&rft.issn=13645072&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-15 N1 - Date created - 2003-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Impact of China' WTO Accession on Patterns of World Trade AN - 60658340; 200315669 AB - This paper evaluates the impact of the People's Republic of China's WTO accession on patterns of world trade & economic growth by a recursive dynamic, 17-region, 25-sector computable general equilibrium (CGE) model with import embodied technology transfer based on actual market access commitments that China & Taiwan have made to date. The simulation results show that the major gains from WTO accession would accrue to China itself, but the rest of the world, especially developed countries & Asian newly industrialized economies, as well as least developed countries, would also benefit due to the expansion of world trade & improvement of their international terms of trade. Only certain developing countries with an endowment structure similar to China, like those in South America & Southeast Asia, may experience keener competition in labor-intensive exports & lower prices for their products. 4 Tables, 14 Figures, 18 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Journal of Policy Modeling AU - Wang, Zhi AD - School Computational Science, George Mason U, Washington, DC zwang@ers.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 1 EP - 41 VL - 25 IS - 1 SN - 0161-8938, 0161-8938 KW - World Economy KW - Peoples Republic of China KW - Economic Development KW - International Economic Organizations KW - International Trade KW - article KW - 9141: political economy; political economy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60658340?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awpsa&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Policy+Modeling&rft.atitle=The+Impact+of+China%27+WTO+Accession+on+Patterns+of+World+Trade&rft.au=Wang%2C+Zhi&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Zhi&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Policy+Modeling&rft.issn=01618938&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Worldwide Political Science Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - JPMOD5 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - International Economic Organizations; International Trade; Economic Development; World Economy; Peoples Republic of China ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New Opportunities for Social Research on Forest Landowners in the South AN - 60522212; 200514243 AB - Many of the issues of importance to forest management & policy have important social components. Yet, in the South, social research on forests has lagged behind economic & biophysical research. In this paper we identify some important new opportunities for social research on forests in the South, focusing on non industrual private forests because they represent the majority of the South's timberland. We identify six important areas for social research. One, research on diversity of forest land owners & how different landowners relate to & use their forests. Two, social relationships of forest landowners, including household & family structure & social network analysis. Three, research that applies recent advances in common pool resource management to issues such as forest health & water quality. Four, qualitative research that seeks to understand how environmental values are constructed & operate in complex decision-making processes & social relationships. Five, work on forest-related rural development, non-urbanizing areas of the South that have been affected by globalization & declines in agriculture. Six, research on urbanization & forests. 27 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Southern Rural Sociology AU - Schelhas, John AU - Zabawa, Robert AU - Milnar, Joseph J AD - Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Tuskegee U Y1 - 2003///0, PY - 2003 DA - 0, 2003 SP - 60 EP - 69 VL - 19 IS - 2 SN - 0885-3436, 0885-3436 KW - Southern States KW - Sociological Research KW - Forestry KW - article KW - 1116: rural sociology and agriculture; rural sociology (village, agriculture) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60522212?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southern+Rural+Sociology&rft.atitle=New+Opportunities+for+Social+Research+on+Forest+Landowners+in+the+South&rft.au=Schelhas%2C+John%3BZabawa%2C+Robert%3BMilnar%2C+Joseph+J&rft.aulast=Schelhas&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=60&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southern+Rural+Sociology&rft.issn=08853436&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Number of references - 27 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - SRSLF5 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Forestry; Sociological Research; Southern States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geochemical baselines and human health AN - 51945590; 2003-065929 JF - Open-File Report - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Smith, David B AU - Goldhaber, Martin B AU - Wilson, Michael A AU - Burt, Rebecca Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 68 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA SN - 0196-1497, 0196-1497 KW - United States KW - soils KW - pollutants KW - regulations KW - pollution KW - bioavailability KW - vegetation KW - organic compounds KW - pesticides KW - USGS KW - geochemistry KW - heavy metals KW - public health KW - microorganisms KW - baseline studies KW - 22:Environmental geology KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51945590?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=Geochemical+baselines+and+human+health&rft.au=Smith%2C+David+B%3BGoldhaber%2C+Martin+B%3BWilson%2C+Michael+A%3BBurt%2C+Rebecca&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=68&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=01961497&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-097/ https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/browse/usgs-publications/OFR LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Natural science and public health; prescription for a better environment N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - SuppNotes - Accessed on Sept. 3, 2003 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-16 N1 - CODEN - XGROAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - baseline studies; bioavailability; geochemistry; heavy metals; microorganisms; organic compounds; pesticides; pollutants; pollution; public health; regulations; soils; United States; USGS; vegetation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating ground water yield in small research basins AN - 51846154; 2004-039051 AB - An analysis of ground water recharge in 32 small research watersheds shows the average flow of ground water out of the watershed (deep seepage) is 45% of streamflow and ranges from 8 to 350 mm/year when apportioned over the watershed area. It is time to meld ground water and small watershed science. The use of well networks and the evaluation of ground water well hydrographs or the use of ground water models to estimate deep seepage from small research basins is highly recommended. Future investigators are now armed with better tools necessary to estimate all the water and nutrients and have no need to quietly assume deep seepage is zero. JF - Ground Water AU - Verry, Elon S Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 1001 EP - 1004 PB - National Ground Water Association, Westerville, OH VL - 41 IS - 7 SN - 0017-467X, 0017-467X KW - United States KW - Spermatophyta KW - erosion KW - watersheds KW - water management KW - Coniferales KW - vegetation KW - seepage KW - ground water KW - environmental management KW - hydrographs KW - movement KW - drainage basins KW - discharge KW - chemical composition KW - deforestation KW - networks KW - hydrology KW - Plantae KW - Coniferae KW - Gymnospermae KW - forestry KW - research KW - aquifers KW - nutrients KW - models KW - recharge KW - runoff KW - Pinaceae KW - trees KW - water wells KW - land use KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51846154?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ground+Water&rft.atitle=Estimating+ground+water+yield+in+small+research+basins&rft.au=Verry%2C+Elon+S&rft.aulast=Verry&rft.aufirst=Elon&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1001&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ground+Water&rft.issn=0017467X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1745-6584 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 8 N1 - PubXState - OH N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-25 N1 - CODEN - GRWAAP N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; chemical composition; Coniferae; Coniferales; deforestation; discharge; drainage basins; environmental management; erosion; forestry; ground water; Gymnospermae; hydrographs; hydrology; land use; models; movement; networks; nutrients; Pinaceae; Plantae; recharge; research; runoff; seepage; Spermatophyta; trees; United States; vegetation; water management; water wells; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil erosion and land use policy in Iceland in relation to sheep grazing and government subsidies AN - 51845941; 2004-042795 JF - Environmental Science and Policy AU - Arnalds, O AU - Barkarson, B H A2 - Boardman, John Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 105 EP - 113 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 6 IS - 1 SN - 1462-9011, 1462-9011 KW - soils KW - protection KW - degradation KW - agricultural waste KW - Western Europe KW - erosion KW - damage KW - agriculture KW - Europe KW - cost KW - preventive measures KW - nutrients KW - grasses KW - land management KW - policy KW - economics KW - ecology KW - waste disposal KW - soil erosion KW - industry KW - Iceland KW - land use KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51845941?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+and+Policy&rft.atitle=Soil+erosion+and+land+use+policy+in+Iceland+in+relation+to+sheep+grazing+and+government+subsidies&rft.au=Arnalds%2C+O%3BBarkarson%2C+B+H&rft.aulast=Arnalds&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+and+Policy&rft.issn=14629011&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/14629011 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 28 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agricultural waste; agriculture; cost; damage; degradation; ecology; economics; erosion; Europe; grasses; Iceland; industry; land management; land use; nutrients; policy; preventive measures; protection; soil erosion; soils; waste disposal; Western Europe ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a remote sensing-snowmelt runoff forecasting system in the Rio Grande Basin AN - 51756758; 2005-014425 JF - Proceedings of the Western Snow Conference AU - Rango, A AU - Gomez-Landesa, E AU - Havstad, K AU - Bleiweiss, M AU - Tanksley, K AU - DeWalle, D AU - Martinec, J AU - Kite, G Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 95 EP - 101 PB - Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO VL - 71 SN - 0161-0589, 0161-0589 KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - snowmelt KW - rainfall KW - watersheds KW - water management KW - prediction KW - Texas KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - New Mexico KW - Southwestern U.S. KW - satellite methods KW - evapotranspiration KW - snowpack KW - Mexico KW - snow KW - runoff KW - Rio Grande Valley KW - Colorado KW - water resources KW - rain KW - remote sensing KW - meltwater KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51756758?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+physiology.+Endocrinology+and+metabolism&rft.atitle=Stimulation+of+protein+synthesis+by+both+insulin+and+amino+acids+is+unique+to+skeletal+muscle+in+neonatal+pigs.&rft.au=Davis%2C+Teresa+A%3BFiorotto%2C+Marta+L%3BBurrin%2C+Douglas+G%3BReeds%2C+Peter+J%3BNguyen%2C+Hanh+V%3BBeckett%2C+Philip+R%3BVann%2C+Rhonda+C%3BO%27Connor%2C+Pamela+M+J&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Teresa&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=282&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=E880&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+physiology.+Endocrinology+and+metabolism&rft.issn=01931849&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.westernsnowconference.org/biblio LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Western snow conference; Seventy first annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 6 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2013-05-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atmospheric precipitation; Colorado; evapotranspiration; hydrology; meltwater; Mexico; New Mexico; prediction; rain; rainfall; remote sensing; Rio Grande Valley; runoff; satellite methods; snow; snowmelt; snowpack; Southwestern U.S.; Texas; United States; water management; water resources; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - History of ASCE's hydrology handbook AN - 51486467; 2007-019777 JF - Environmental and Water Resources History: Proceedings and Invited Papers for the ASCE Anniversary AU - Renard, Kenneth G A2 - Rogers, Jerry R A2 - Fredrich, Augustine J. Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 154 EP - 155 PB - [varies], [varies] VL - 150 KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - civil engineering KW - water quality KW - surface water KW - water management KW - pollution KW - ground water KW - history KW - publications KW - American Society of Civil Engineers KW - associations KW - risk assessment KW - manuals KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51486467?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+Water+Resources+History%3A+Proceedings+and+Invited+Papers+for+the+ASCE+Anniversary&rft.atitle=History+of+ASCE%27s+hydrology+handbook&rft.au=Renard%2C+Kenneth+G&rft.aulast=Renard&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=150&rft.issue=&rft.spage=154&rft.isbn=0784406502&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+Water+Resources+History%3A+Proceedings+and+Invited+Papers+for+the+ASCE+Anniversary&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 2002 ASCE conference and 150th anniversary (1852-2002) N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2007-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #06484 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - American Society of Civil Engineers; associations; civil engineering; ground water; history; hydrology; manuals; pollution; publications; risk assessment; surface water; United States; water management; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of geographic information systems and remote sensing for quantifying patterns of erosion and water quality AN - 27944110; 200308-61-0409 (CE); 05592289 (EN) AB - This article discusses the Application of geographic information systems and remote sensing for quantifying patterns of erosion and water quality JF - Hydrological Processes AU - Ritchie, J C AU - Walling, D E AU - Peters, J AD - USDA ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, BARC-West Building 007, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. jritchie@hydrolab.arsusda.gov PY - 2003 SP - 885 EP - 886 PB - John Wiley & Sons Ltd , Baffins Lane, Chichester, Sussex, PO19 1UD, UK, [mailto:cs-journals@wiley.co.uk], [URL:http://www.interscience.wiley.com] VL - 17 IS - 5 SN - 0885-6087, 0885-6087 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Water quality KW - Geographic information systems KW - Hydrology KW - Satellite navigation systems KW - Erosion KW - Remote sensing KW - Article KW - EE 40:Water Pollution: Monitoring, Control & Remediation (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/27944110?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Rapid+Fluorescence+Polarization+Immunoassay+for+the+Mycotoxin+Deoxynivalenol+in+Wheat&rft.au=Snell-Rood%2C+Claire%3BStaton-Tindall%2C+Michele%3BVictor%2C+Grant&rft.aulast=Snell-Rood&rft.aufirst=Claire&rft.date=2016-10-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=843&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Women+%26+Health&rft.issn=03630242&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F03630242.2015.1118732 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1167 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service research programs in biological control of plant diseases AN - 20725257; 5675153 AB - A number of USDA-ARS programs directed at overcoming impediments to the use of biocontrol agents on a commercial scale are described. These include improvements in screening techniques, taxonomic studies to identify beneficial strains more precisely, and studies on various aspects of the large-scale production of biocontrol agents. Another broad area of studies covers the ecological aspects of biocontrol agents-their interaction with the pathogen, with the plant and with other aspects of the environmental complex. Examples of these studies are given and their relevance to the further development and expansion of biocontrol agents is discussed. Published in 2003 for SCI by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. JF - Pest Management Science AU - Roberts, D P AU - Lohrke, S M AD - Bldg 001, Room 140, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville 20705-2350, USA, robertsd@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 654 EP - 664 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Baffins Lane Chichester W. Sussex PO19 1UD UK, [mailto:customer@wiley.co.uk], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 59 IS - 6-7 SN - 1526-498X, 1526-498X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - antibiosis KW - biological control KW - colonization KW - competition KW - fermentation KW - formulation KW - microbial communities KW - Biological control KW - Plant diseases KW - Pest control KW - Pathogens KW - Research programs KW - A 01370:Biological Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20725257?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pest+Management+Science&rft.atitle=United+States+Department+of+Agriculture-Agricultural+Research+Service+research+programs+in+biological+control+of+plant+diseases&rft.au=Roberts%2C+D+P%3BLohrke%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=6-7&rft.spage=654&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pest+Management+Science&rft.issn=1526498X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fps.613 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological control; Plant diseases; Pest control; Pathogens; Research programs DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.613 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Does initial soil P level affect water-extractable soil P response to applied P? AN - 20598311; 5564070 AB - Accelerated eutrophication of surface water is often caused by increased phosphorus (P) concentrations in runoff. Previous studies indicate that high-P soils have increased P concentrations in field runoff, but have not provided sufficient evidence that overall water quality of a watershed will improve if manure applications are simply transferred from high-P soils to lower-P soils within the same watershed. If manure applications cause the same increase in soil P regardless of initial soil P level and the relationship between soil P and runoff P concentrations is linear, then such a strategy may only shift P loading from one part of the watershed to another. However, we hypothesized that added P causes a greater increase in soil P when applied to soil that is initially higher in soil P. To test this, P was applied (154 mg kg super(-1)) as either poultry litter or inorganic phosphate to Captina soil from four sites where water-extractable soil P initially ranged from 8 to 69 mg kg super(-1). Soil moisture was returned to field capacity biweekly. After 6-month and 1-year equilibration times, each soil was analyzed again for water-extractable P, and soil P increases were correlated to initial soil P levels. All results supported our hypothesis, regardless of P source or equilibration time, but were best described by quadratic equations. Such curves suggest the hypothesis may not hold true for soils where water-extractable P levels are already above the range tested in this experiment. JF - Advances in Environmental Research AU - Pote, D H AU - Lory, JA AU - Zhang, H AD - USDA-ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center, 6883 South State Hwy. 23, Booneville, AR 72927-9214, USA, dpote@spa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 503 EP - 509 VL - 7 IS - 2 SN - 1093-0191, 1093-0191 KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - water quality KW - Soil Chemistry KW - Manure KW - poultry KW - Water Pollution Sources KW - Surface water KW - Eutrophication KW - Pollution dispersion KW - Phosphorus KW - Soil Water KW - Field Capacity KW - Surface Water KW - Watersheds KW - Water quality KW - Soil KW - Testing Procedures KW - Litter KW - Animal wastes KW - Water Quality KW - Phosphates KW - Moisture Content KW - Soil moisture KW - Runoff KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20598311?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+Environmental+Research&rft.atitle=Does+initial+soil+P+level+affect+water-extractable+soil+P+response+to+applied+P%3F&rft.au=Pote%2C+D+H%3BLory%2C+JA%3BZhang%2C+H&rft.aulast=Pote&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=503&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+Environmental+Research&rft.issn=10930191&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1093-0191%2802%2900020-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Manure; Eutrophication; Pollution dispersion; Water quality; Watersheds; Runoff; Soil; water quality; Litter; Phosphates; Animal wastes; poultry; Surface water; Phosphorus; Soil moisture; Testing Procedures; Soil Chemistry; Water Pollution Sources; Water Quality; Surface Water; Field Capacity; Soil Water; Moisture Content DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1093-0191(02)00020-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Release Rates of Manure-Borne Coliform Bacteria from Data on Leaching through Stony Soil AN - 20188461; 6495250 AB - Manures are sources of several human pathogens that can potentially contribute to surface and groundwater contamination. Microorganisms must first be released from the manure matrix before they can infiltrate into and leach through the vadose zone. The objective of this study was to estimate rates of rainfall-induced release of fecal coliform (FC) from surface-applied bovine manure. Simulated rainfall of 7.1 cm h super(-1) was applied to the surface of 90- cm-long lysimeters filled with the undisturbed stony soil. When the steady state was reached, clumps of manure were placed on the surface. Rainfall was continued for about 5 h after application of manure, and 10-min leachate portions were analyzed for turbidity and FC. The convective-dispersive equation with linear adsorption-exclusion and the first-order removal-regrowth terms was used as a model of the coliform transport in soil. Asymptotic properties of the solution of this equation with the exponentially decreasing boundary concentration were used to infer the release rate constant from the FC breakthrough curves. A value of 0.0054 plus or minus 0.0015 min super(-1) was found for the FC release rate constant. The regression line of reduced coliform concentrations on reduced turbidity values was not significantly different from the one-to-one line; R super(2) was 0.807. Assuming that turbidity can be used as a measure of concentration of manure particulates in leachates, we found that average values for the release rate constants were not significantly different for FC and manure particulates. The average velocity of bacteria and manure particulates transport was about seven times larger than the average pore velocity. The proposed technique of estimating FC and manure release rates shows promise for use in further studies needed to elucidate and assess factors affecting release rate. JF - Vadose Zone Journal AU - Shelton, Daniel R AU - Pachepsky, Yakov A AU - Sadeghi, Ali M AU - Stout, William L AU - Karns, Jeffrey S AU - Gburek, William J AD - U.S. Dep. of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Animal Waste Pathogens Laboratory, Bldg. 173, BARC-East, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, ypachepsky@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 34 EP - 39 PB - Soil Science Society of America, 677 South Segoe Rd Maxison WI 53711 USA, [URL:http://www.soils.org/] VL - 2 IS - 1 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Pollution Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Animal wastes KW - Manure KW - Surface water KW - A 01450:Environmental Pollution & Waste Treatment KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - J 02320:Cell Biology KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20188461?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vadose+Zone+Journal&rft.atitle=Release+Rates+of+Manure-Borne+Coliform+Bacteria+from+Data+on+Leaching+through+Stony+Soil&rft.au=Shelton%2C+Daniel+R%3BPachepsky%2C+Yakov+A%3BSadeghi%2C+Ali+M%3BStout%2C+William+L%3BKarns%2C+Jeffrey+S%3BGburek%2C+William+J&rft.aulast=Shelton&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=34&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vadose+Zone+Journal&rft.issn=1539-1663&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-11 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Manure; Surface water ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement and data analysis methods for field-scale wind erosion studies and model validation AN - 19946953; 5749177 AB - Accurate and reliable methods of measuring windblown sediment are needed to confirm, validate, and improve erosion models, assess the intensity of aeolian processes and related damage, determine the source of pollutants, and for other applications. This paper outlines important principles to consider in conducting field-scale wind erosion studies and proposes strategies of field data collection for use in model validation and development. Detailed discussions include consideration of field characteristics, sediment sampling, and meteorological stations. The field shape used in field-scale wind erosion research is generally a matter of preference and in many studies may not have practical significance. Maintaining a clear non-erodible boundary is necessary to accurately determine erosion fetch distance. A field length of about 300 m may be needed in many situations to approach transport capacity for saltation flux in bare agricultural fields. Field surface conditions affect the wind profile and other processes such as sediment emission, transport, and deposition and soil erodibility. Knowledge of the temporal variation in surface conditions is necessary to understand aeolian processes. Temporal soil properties that impact aeolian processes include surface roughness, dry aggregate size distribution, dry aggregate stability, and crust characteristics. Use of a portable 2 tall anemometer tower should be considered to quantify variability of friction velocity and aerodynamic roughness caused by surface conditions in field-scale studies. The types of samplers used for sampling aeolian sediment will vary depending upon the type of sediment to be measured. The Big Spring Number Eight (BSNE) and Modified Wilson and Cooke (MWAC) samplers appear to be the most popular for field studies of saltation. Suspension flux may be measured with commercially available instruments after modifications are made to ensure isokinetic conditions at high wind speeds. Meteorological measurements should include wind speed and direction, air temperature, solar radiation, relative humidity, rain amount, soil temperature and moisture. Careful consideration of the climatic, sediment, and soil surface characteristics observed in future field-scale wind erosion studies will ensure maximum use of the data collected. JF - Earth Surface Processes and Landforms AU - Zobeck, T M AU - Sterk, G AU - Funk, R AU - Rajot, J L AU - Stout, JE AU - Van Pelt, RS AD - Wind Erosion and Water Conservation Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 3810 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79415, USA, tzobeck@lbk.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 1163 EP - 1188 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Baffins Lane Chichester W. Sussex PO19 1UD UK, [mailto:customer@wiley.co.uk], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 28 IS - 11 SN - 0197-9337, 0197-9337 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - wind erosion KW - saltation KW - aeolian processes KW - dust KW - sediment KW - Sediment pollution KW - Data collection KW - USA, Iowa, Big Spring KW - air temperature KW - Climate KW - Velocity KW - Humidity KW - landforms KW - agricultural land KW - Soil erosion KW - Measuring instruments KW - Solar radiation KW - soil temperature KW - soil properties KW - Aerodynamics KW - Meteorology KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19946953?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.atitle=Measurement+and+data+analysis+methods+for+field-scale+wind+erosion+studies+and+model+validation&rft.au=Zobeck%2C+T+M%3BSterk%2C+G%3BFunk%2C+R%3BRajot%2C+J+L%3BStout%2C+JE%3BVan+Pelt%2C+RS&rft.aulast=Zobeck&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.issn=01979337&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fesp.1033 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sediment pollution; Data collection; air temperature; Climate; Humidity; Velocity; wind erosion; agricultural land; landforms; Measuring instruments; Soil erosion; Solar radiation; soil temperature; soil properties; Aerodynamics; Meteorology; USA, Iowa, Big Spring DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.1033 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecological networks in urban areas - New approaches AN - 19938443; 5930849 AB - The problem of ecological networks design, and its conservation respectively, appeared to be a current trend in landscape planning not only abroad, but in Slovakia as well. The analogy of ecological networks design, under Slovak Republic conditions, is territorial system of ecological stability. Its principles, supported by legislation, are adapted to propose the system of ecostabilising elements, mainly in agricultural landscape. Based on this aspect, there is a shortage of such a tool in Slovak Republic, based on which it would be applicable to propose functional ecological networks in urban areas, so these would be in coincidence with concept of urban development, it would accept limits consequent from urban planning activities, legislation etc. The main objectives of ecological network in urban areas, should be the design of such a functional system of ecostabilising arrangement, that it will be able to decrease negative effects, it will be in coincidence with the concept of urban development, it will consider specific limits for particular landscape type, and also it will increase the ecological stability in the area. JF - Ekologia (Bratislava)/Ecology (Bratislava) AU - Rehackova, T AU - Pauditsova, E AD - University of Comenius in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Science, Department of ecosozology and fyziotactics Mlynska dolina B2, 842 15 Bratislava, The Slovak Republic, rehackova@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 108 EP - 118 VL - 22 SN - 1335-342X, 1335-342X KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Human Population; Ecology Abstracts KW - Slovakia KW - Planning KW - Conservation KW - Legislation KW - Urban environments KW - D 04700:Management KW - M1 325:Human Habitat & Natural Resource Development KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19938443?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Abomasitis+associated+with+multiple+antibiotic+resistant+Salmonella+enterica+serotype+Typhimurium+phagetype+DT104&rft.au=Carlson%2C+SA%3BStoffregen%2C+W+C%3BBolin&rft.aulast=Carlson&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=2002-03-22&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Planning; Conservation; Legislation; Urban environments; Slovakia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors that affect leaf extracellular ascorbic acid content and redox status AN - 19937063; 6619156 AB - Leaf ascorbic acid content and redox status were compared in ozone-tolerant (Provider) and ozone-sensitive (S156) genotypes of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Plants were grown in pots for 24 days under charcoal-filtered air (CF) conditions in open-top field chambers and then maintained as CF controls (29 nmol mol super(-1) ozone) or exposed to elevated ozone (71 nmol mol super(-1) ozone). Following a 10-day treatment, mature leaves of the same age were harvested early in the morning (06:00-08:00 h) or in the afternoon (13:00-15:00 h) for analysis of ascorbic acid (AA) and dehydroascorbic acid (DHA). Vacuum infiltration methods were used to separate leaf AA into apoplast and symplast fractions. The total ascorbate content [AA + DHA] of leaf tissue averaged 28% higher in Provider relative to S156, and Provider exhibited a greater capacity to maintain [AA + DHA] content under ozone stress. Apoplast [AA + DHA] content was 2-fold higher in tolerant Provider (360 nmol g super(-1) FW maximum) relative to sensitive S156 (160 nmol g super(-1) FW maximum) regardless of sampling period or treatment, supporting the hypothesis that extracellular AA is a factor in ozone tolerance. Apoplast [AA + DHA] levels were significantly higher in the afternoon than early morning for both genotypes, evidence for short-term regulation of extracellular ascorbate content. Total leaf ascorbate was primarily reduced with AA-[AA + DHA] ratios of 0.81-0.90. In contrast, apoplast AA-[AA + DHA] ratios were 0.01-0.60 and depended on genotype and ozone treatment. Provider exhibited a greater capacity to maintain extracellular AA-[AA + DHA] ratios under ozone stress, suggesting that ozone tolerance is associated with apoplast ascorbate redox status. JF - Physiologia Plantarum AU - Burkey, Kent O AU - Eason, Gwendolyn AU - Fiscus, Edwin L AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service, Box 7631, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7631, USA Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, koburkey@unity.ncsu.edu Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 51 EP - 57 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road Oxford OX4 2DQ UK, [URL:http://www.blackwellpublishing.com] VL - 117 IS - 1 SN - 0031-9317, 0031-9317 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Age KW - Infiltration KW - Stress KW - Phaseolus vulgaris KW - Genotypes KW - Ozone KW - Ozonation KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19937063?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Land+degradation%3A+An+assessment+of+the+human+impact+on+global+land+resources&rft.au=Eswaran%2C+H%3BReich%2C+P%3BBeinroth%2C+F&rft.aulast=Eswaran&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-07-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Tables, 5; references, 42. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Age; Infiltration; Stress; Genotypes; Ozonation; Ozone; Phaseolus vulgaris DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.2003.1170106.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human Health Impacts of Forest Fires in the Southern United States: A Literature Review AN - 19932259; 5710755 AB - Forestry management practices can shape patterns of health, illness, and disease. A primary goal for owners of federal, state, and private forests is to craft ecosystem management plans that simultaneously optimize forest health and human health. Fire - a major forest management issue in the United States - complicates these goals. Wildfires are natural phenomena with unpredictable effects. Controlled fires, on the other hand, are often prescribed to reduce biomass fuels, reduce wildfire risks, and protect resource values. While fires can enhance the health of fire-adapted ecosystems, research on the human health impacts of smoke from forest fires is somewhat equivocal. This article synthesizes 30 years of research on the human health impacts of forest fires. It summarizes our current state of knowledge about the following: biophysical effects of environmental contamination resulting from forest fires; psychosocial impacts of forest fires; occupational exposure issues among fire crew; visibility impairment from forest fire smoke; and health care measures that address the impacts of forest fires. This article provides information that may be useful for land managers, researchers, policy makers, health care workers, and the general public in decision-making about forest management practices. It also recommends that future research use integrative health models and adopt ethnographic research methods. JF - Journal of Ecological Anthropology AU - Fowler, C T AD - USDA Forest Service, Athens, GA, USA Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 39 EP - 63 VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 1097-2598, 1097-2598 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Human Population KW - wildfire KW - Forest management KW - Fires KW - anthropology KW - management plans KW - Forest fires KW - research methods KW - Combustion products KW - Fuels KW - Biomass KW - Environmental policy KW - Medical personnel KW - Environmental protection KW - Public health KW - Smoke KW - forest management KW - Decision making KW - USA KW - Health care KW - Reviews KW - Visibility KW - Occupational exposure KW - Forestry KW - M1 320:Environmental & Natural Resource Development KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19932259?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Bioconversions+of+agricultural+residues+to+value-added+coproducts+using+yeastlike+fungi&rft.au=Leathers%2C+T+D&rft.aulast=Leathers&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fires; Decision making; Forest management; Environmental policy; Environmental protection; Public health; wildfire; anthropology; Forest fires; management plans; Combustion products; research methods; Fuels; Biomass; Medical personnel; Smoke; forest management; Health care; Reviews; Visibility; Occupational exposure; Forestry; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Puerto Rico's Forest Inventory: Adapting the Forest Inventory and Analysis Program to a Caribbean Island AN - 19926057; 5648527 AB - Rapid changes in vegetation over short distances, high species diversity, and fragmented landscape challenge the implementation of the Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program on Puerto Rico. Applying the hexagonal FIA grid as used on the continental United States, the Forest Service is installing a new forest sampling and monitoring framework that incorporates previous inventory plots and has an expanded scope. However, an adequate description of Puerto Rico's diverse tropical forests requires additional sampling; the solution is to intensify the base systematic sampling grid. Ultimately, this framework can be used to monitor all vegetation and cover types on the island, plus fauna, soils, and air and water quality-in short, to create a comprehensive, long-term natural resources inventory and monitoring network. JF - Journal of Forestry AU - Brandeis, T J AD - International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service, PO Box 25000, San Juan, PR 00928-5000, USA, tbrandeis@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 8 EP - 13 VL - 101 IS - 1 SN - 0022-1201, 0022-1201 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Human Population KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Forest management KW - USA KW - Fauna KW - Puerto Rico KW - Tropical environment KW - Vegetation KW - Sampling KW - Water quality KW - Forestry KW - M1 320:Environmental & Natural Resource Development KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19926057?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Forestry&rft.atitle=Puerto+Rico%27s+Forest+Inventory%3A+Adapting+the+Forest+Inventory+and+Analysis+Program+to+a+Caribbean+Island&rft.au=Brandeis%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Brandeis&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=8&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Forestry&rft.issn=00221201&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental monitoring; Forest management; Fauna; Tropical environment; Vegetation; Sampling; Water quality; Forestry; USA; Puerto Rico ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Degradation of Fumigant Pesticides -- 1,3-Dichloropropene, Methyl Isothiocyanate, Chloropicrin, and Methyl Bromide AN - 19806406; 6495275 AB - Fumigant pesticides are frequently used in intensive agriculture to control nematodes, fungi, and weeds. Currently, four registered fumigants are available: 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D), methyl isothiocyanate (MITC), chloropicrin (CP), and methyl bromide (MeBr). The use of 1,3-D, MITC, and CP can be expected to increase after MeBr is completely phased out of production in the USA in 2005. In soil, the degradation of 1,3-D, MITC, CP, and MeBr occurs through both chemical and biological mechanisms. Repeated applications of the fumigants MITC and 1,3-D are known to enhance their biodegradation as a result of adapted microorganisms. Preliminary evidence suggests that the microorganisms responsible for enhanced degradation of MITC specifically target the isothiocyanate functional group. In the case of 1,3-D, a number of bacteria have been isolated that are capable of degrading 1,3-D and also using it as a sole C and energy source. Of the two isomers of 1,3-D, degradation of trans-1,3-D was found to be greater than that of cis-1,3-D in enhanced soil. Methyl bromide is mainly degraded chemically in soil by hydrolysis and methylation of nucleophilic sites on soil organic matter. Both degradation reactions occur via S sub(2)N nucleophilic substitution. Methanotrophic and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria can co-oxidize MeBr during the oxidation of methane and ammonia, respectively. The microbiological degradation of MeBr is apparently catalyzed by methane and ammonia monooxygenase. Chloropicrin can be dehalogenated by Pseudomonas spp., with the major metabolic pathway occurring through three successive reductive dehalogenations to nitromethane. JF - Vadose Zone Journal AU - Dungan, Robert S AU - Yates, Scott R AD - Animal Manure & Byproducts Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705, Rdungan@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 279 EP - 286 PB - Soil Science Society of America, 677 South Segoe Rd Maxison WI 53711 USA, [URL:http://www.soils.org/] VL - 2 IS - 3 KW - Nematodes KW - Roundworms KW - Threadworms KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Pollution Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - 1,3-Dichloropropene KW - USA KW - Degradation KW - Fumigants KW - Agrochemicals KW - Nematoda KW - A 01380:Plant Protection, Fungicides & Seed Treatments KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - J 02320:Cell Biology KW - AQ 00004:Water Treatment KW - K 03320:Cell Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19806406?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vadose+Zone+Journal&rft.atitle=Degradation+of+Fumigant+Pesticides+--+1%2C3-Dichloropropene%2C+Methyl+Isothiocyanate%2C+Chloropicrin%2C+and+Methyl+Bromide&rft.au=Dungan%2C+Robert+S%3BYates%2C+Scott+R&rft.aulast=Dungan&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vadose+Zone+Journal&rft.issn=1539-1663&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-11 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fumigants; Agrochemicals; Degradation; Nematoda; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phosphorus mobility in a karst landscape under pasture grazing system AN - 19759087; 8507435 AB - The spatial distribution and partitioning of water dissolved phosphorus fractions in the soil profile of a grazed karst sinkhole landscape were investigated. We also measured P fractions in surface runoff entering a sinkhole drain and in karst spring flow draining the study area. Grazing increased total N, C, and all forms of P of soil. Dissolved inorganic orthophosphate (DPi) was the highest in the surface soil layer and diminished significantly with depth. The proportion of dissolved unreactive phosphorus (DPu) increased with soil depth. Changes in DPu with landscape position and depth were closely correlated with changes in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) suggesting that the mobility and transport of DPu was mediated by DOC. Landscape position sampling showed molybdate reactive phosphorus (MRP) and DPu increased toward the bottom and center of sinkholes. The distribution of DPi and DPu in surface runoff and that occurring in underground watercourses confirms the significance of DPu transported into karst groundwater.Original Abstract: Mobilite du phosphore dans une zone karstique paturee. la distribution spatiale et la partition des fractions de phosphore dissoutes dans le profil de sol d'un paysage pature de dolines karstiques ont ete etudiees. Nous avons egalement mesure les fractions de P dans les eaux de surface entrant dans un drain de doline et dans l'ecoulement ressortant du karst drainant le secteur d'etude. le paturage a augmente N total, C, et toutes les formes de P de sol. L'orthophosphore inorganique dissous (DPi) etait le plus eleve dans la couche de surface du sol et reduit significativement avec la profondeur. la proportion de phosphore non reactif dissous (DPu) a augmente avec la profondeur de sol. Des changements de DPu en fonction de la position dans le paysage et de la profondeur ont ete etroitement correles avec des changements du carbone organique dissous (DOC) suggerant que la mobilite et le transport du DPu ont ete facilites par le DOC. Un echantillonnage dans le paysage a montre une augmentation de phosphore reactif au molybdate (MRP) et de DPu vers le fond et le centre des dolines. la distribution de DPi et DPu dans l'ecoulement de surface et ce qui se produit lors du transit de l'eau sous terre confirme la valeur significative du DPu transporte dans les eaux souterraines du karst. JF - Agronomy for Sustainable Development AU - Alloush, G A AU - Boyer, D G AU - Belesky, D P AU - Halvorson, J J AD - Virginia Tech, Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, 418 Smyth Hall (0403), Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA, dboyer@afsrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 593 EP - 600 PB - EDP Sciences, 17 Avenue du Hoggar Parc d'Activites de Courtaboeuf Les Ulis Cedex A BP 112 91944 France, [mailto:edps@edpsciences.org], [URL:http://www.edpsciences.org] VL - 23 IS - 6 SN - 1774-0746, 1774-0746 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Phosphorus KW - Sustainable development KW - Pasture KW - Soil KW - soil depth KW - Landscape KW - agronomy KW - Groundwater KW - grazing KW - Mobility KW - spatial distribution KW - Water springs KW - Dissolved organic carbon KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19759087?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Use+of+a+live+attenuated+Salmonella+vaccine+to+protect+hens+against+Salmonella+enteritidis+infection+during+molt&rft.au=Holt%2C+P+S%3BKelly+Aehle%2C+S%3BGast%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Holt&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Landscape; Phosphorus; Mobility; grazing; Groundwater; soil depth; Pasture; spatial distribution; Dissolved organic carbon; Water springs; agronomy; Sustainable development DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/agro:2003328 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A general model for predicting brown tree snake capture rates AN - 19700510; 5908011 AB - The inadvertent introduction of the brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis) to Guam has resulted in the extirpation of most of the island's native terrestrial vertebrates, has presented a health hazard to small children, and also has produced economic problems. Trapping around ports and other cargo staging areas is central to a program designed to deter dispersal of the species. Sequential trapping of smaller plots is also being used to clear larger areas of snakes in preparation for endangered species reintroductions. Traps and trapping personnel are limited resources, which places a premium on the ability to plan the deployment of trapping efforts. In a series of previous trapping studies, data on brown tree snake removal from forested plots was found to be well modeled by exponential decay functions. For the present article, we considered a variety of model forms and estimation procedures, and used capture data from individual plots as random subjects to produce a general random coefficients model for making predictions of brown tree snake capture rates. The best model was an exponential decay with positive asymptote produced using nonlinear mixed model estimation where variability among plots was introduced through the scale and asymptote parameters. Practical predictive abilities were used in model evaluation so that a manager could project capture rates in a plot after a period of time, or project the amount of time required for trapping to reduce capture rates to a desired level. The model should provide managers with a tool for optimizing the allocation of limited trapping resources. JF - Environmetrics AU - Engeman, Richard M AU - Groninger, NPaige AU - Vice, Daniel S AD - National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Fort Collins, CO 80521- 2154, U.S.A, richard.m.engeman@usda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 295 EP - 305 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 1180-4009, 1180-4009 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - invasive species KW - nonlinear mixed model KW - random coefficient growth curves KW - ISEW, Pacific, Northern Mariana Is., Guam KW - port installations KW - Trees KW - Economics KW - Boiga irregularis KW - Endangered species KW - Decay KW - Children KW - snakes KW - dispersal KW - reintroduction KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19700510?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmetrics&rft.atitle=A+general+model+for+predicting+brown+tree+snake+capture+rates&rft.au=Engeman%2C+Richard+M%3BGroninger%2C+NPaige%3BVice%2C+Daniel+S&rft.aulast=Engeman&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=295&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmetrics&rft.issn=11804009&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - port installations; Trees; Economics; Endangered species; Decay; Children; snakes; dispersal; reintroduction; Boiga irregularis; ISEW, Pacific, Northern Mariana Is., Guam ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nutritional value and functional properties of a hydrocolloidal soybean and oat blend for use in Asian foods AN - 19560196; 8797551 AB - A rheological study was conducted to determine the functional properties of a hydrocolloidal blend of soybean flour and oat bran, called Soytrim. Soytrim was prepared by thermomechanically processing soybean and oat products. After finding that Soytrim had similar rheological characteristics to coconut and soybean milk products, two studies were conducted to investigate its use in improving the nutritional value of some Asian foods by reducing the saturated fat content and increasing the soluble fibre content. In the first study, four Thai foods were prepared using a 60gkg-1 Soytrim suspension to replace some of the coconut milk, with subsequent sensory, chemical and physical analysis. A 750gkg-1 substitution of Soytrim for coconut milk in green chicken curry gave a 74.7% reduction in saturated fat content and a 142.8% increase in soluble fibre content. Total substition of Soytrim for coconut milk in fermented soybean dip gave a 96.2% reduction in saturated fat and a 10.6% increase in soluble fibre. Total substitution in mungbean conserve gave a 97.0% reduction in saturated fat and a 19.0% increase in soluble fibre. A 500gkg-1 substitution of soytrim for coconut milk in sweetened condensed cassava paste gave a 48.7% reduction in saturated fat and 37.5% increase in soluble fibre. Sensory evaluation of these foods revealed no distinguishable changes in acceptability at the 500gkg-1 replacement level, but unacceptability with total substitution. In the second study, more widely consumed Asian foods, soymilk and tofu, were combined with Soytrim. These foods could also be made more nutritious when combined with Soytrim at rates of substitution up to 300gkg-1, with satisfactory acceptability at this replacement level. In all the Asian foods studied, the hydrocolloidal blend of soybean flour and oat bran could add nutritional value by reducing saturated fat and increasing soluble fibre. JF - Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture AU - Inglett, George E AU - Carriere, Craig J AU - Maneepun, Saipin AU - Boonpunt, Thanawan AD - Cereal Products & Food Science Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, ARS, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 86 EP - 92 PB - John Wiley & Sons, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 83 IS - 1 SN - 0022-5142, 0022-5142 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Soybean milk KW - Manihot esculenta KW - Sensory evaluation KW - Food KW - Flour KW - Soybeans KW - W 30955:Biosensors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19560196?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Progress+of+the+national+center+for+cool+and+cold+water+aquaculture&rft.au=Rexroad%2C+C&rft.aulast=Rexroad&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soybean milk; Sensory evaluation; Food; Flour; Soybeans; Manihot esculenta DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.1221 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - It's Not Easy Being Green: Seeking the Cause of Frog Malformations AN - 19450732; 6783444 AB - Living in a pond may not seem ideal for you or me, but frogs love it. But sometimes life in a pond can serve them up some nasty surprises. During a field trip in 1995, kids from a Minnesota middle school discovered unusual characteristics in some frogs. In fact, quite a few frogs showed significant malformations: missing limbs, extra limbs, and missing eyes were all observed by the group. Initially, agricultural chemicals were thought to be the possible cause of such malformations. But other factors soon moved to the front of the list. In recent years, biologists have noticed a decline in frog populations and an increase in deformed frogs. Could these frogs be sentinels, just as canaries once warned coal miners of unsafe air conditions? Are the frogs telling us that some of the water we drink or the food we eat in our increasingly urbanized world is contaminated with certain environmental pollutants that may harm public health? Whether or not this is so or what constitutes an environmental hazard are subjects of research by a group of five ARS scientists, headed by Gerald L. Larsen, at the Red River Valley Agricultural Research Center, Fargo, North Dakota. JF - Agricultural Research AU - Durham, S AD - USDA-ARS Biosclences Research Laboratory, Red River Valley Agricultural Research Center, 1605 Alhrecht Blvd., Fargo, ND, USA, larseng@fargo.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 VL - 51 IS - 1 SN - 0002-161X, 0002-161X KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Amphibiotic species KW - agricultural research KW - Occupational safety KW - Coal KW - Freshwater KW - environmental hazards KW - Environmental factors KW - Ponds KW - Public health KW - Hazards KW - Frogs KW - Public Health KW - Agricultural Chemicals KW - schools KW - Pollutants KW - USA, North Dakota KW - river valleys KW - Rivers KW - Anura KW - biologists KW - River valleys KW - Agrochemicals KW - Education establishments KW - USA, Minnesota KW - Foods KW - Canada, Manitoba, Red R. KW - Mining KW - frogs KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19450732?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Research&rft.atitle=It%27s+Not+Easy+Being+Green%3A+Seeking+the+Cause+of+Frog+Malformations&rft.au=Durham%2C+S&rft.aulast=Durham&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Research&rft.issn=0002161X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hazards; Pollutants; Amphibiotic species; Coal; River valleys; Education establishments; Environmental factors; Ponds; Public health; schools; agricultural research; Occupational safety; biologists; Mining; frogs; environmental hazards; Agrochemicals; river valleys; Rivers; Foods; Agricultural Chemicals; Public Health; Frogs; Anura; USA, North Dakota; Canada, Manitoba, Red R.; USA, Minnesota; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Salmonella enterica Serotype enteritidis in Table Egg Layer House Environments and in Mice in U.S. Layer Houses and Associated Risk Factors AN - 19424462; 5655878 AB - Prevalence was estimated for Salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis (SE) in layer house environments (n = 200 layer houses) and house mice (n = 129 layer houses) in 15 states throughout the United States. Environmental swabs were collected from manure, egg belts, elevators, and walkways. Live-catch rodent traps were placed for 4-7 days. Swabs and house mice were submitted to the laboratory for bacterial culture. Overall, 7.1% of layer houses and 3.7% of mice were culture positive for SE. The highest prevalence was in the Great Lakes region of the United States, and no SE was recovered from houses or mice in the southeast region. Presence of SE in layer houses was associated with age/molting, floor reared pullets, and number of rodents trapped. Cleaning and disinfecting houses between flocks was associated with a reduced risk. The prevalence of SE in mice from environmentally positive houses was nearly four times that of mice from environmentally negative houses.Original Abstract: Factores de riesgo asociados con la Salmonella enterica serotipo enteritidis en el medio ambiente de casetas de ponedoras comerciales y en ratones presentes en las casetas de ponedoras comerciales. eta n 15 estados de Estados Unidos de America, se estimo la prevalencia de Salmonella enterica serotipo enteritidis en el medio ambiente de 200 casetas de ponedoras comerciales y en los ratones habitantes de 129 casetas. Se tomaron hisopos de la materia fecal, poleas moviles y pasillos. Se colocaron trampas para ratones durante 4 a 7 dias. Tanto los hisopos como los ratones fueron enviados al laboratorio para cultivo bacteriologico. El 7.1% de las casetas de ponedoras y el 3.7% de los ratones fueron positivos a S. enterica serotipo enteritidis. La mayor prevalencia ocurrio en la region de los grandes lagos. No se aislo la Salmonella a partir de los galpones o de los ratones en la region sureste de los Estados Unidos. La presencia de la S. enterica serotipo enteritidis en las casetas estuvo asociada con la edad, la muda forzada, el levante en el piso y el numero de roedores atrapados. La limpieza y desinfeccion de las casetas estuvo asociada con un riesgo reducido. La prevalencia de S. enterica serotipo enteritidis en los ratones obtenidos en las casetas con medio ambiente positivo fue casi cuatro veces mayor comparado con las casetas con medio ambiente negativo. double prime bbreviations: ARS = Agricultural Research Service; NAHMS = National Animal Health Monitoring System; NASS = National Agricultural Statistics Service; NVSL = National Veterinary Services Laboratories; SE = Salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis; VMO = Veterinary Medical Officer; VS = Veterinary Services JF - Avian Diseases AU - Garber, L AU - Smeltzer, M AU - Fedorka-Cray, P AU - Ladely, S AU - Ferris, K AD - USDA APHIS VS Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, 2150 Centre Avenue, Building B, Fort Collins, CO 80526-8117 Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 134 EP - 142 PB - American Association of Avian Pathologists VL - 47 IS - 1 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Houses KW - Age KW - Serotypes KW - Manure KW - Salmonella enterica KW - Risk factors KW - Traps KW - Molting KW - J 02410:Animal Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19424462?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Genetic+diversity+in+Pineapple+assessed+by+AFLP+markers&rft.au=Ming%2C+R&rft.aulast=Ming&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Age; Houses; Manure; Serotypes; Risk factors; Traps; Molting; Salmonella enterica DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0005-2086(2003)047(0134:SESEIT)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Land Application of Lake-Dredged Materials for Bahiagrass Establishment in the Subtropical Beef Pasture AN - 19411940; 5702169 AB - The continued need to dredge lakes, rivers, and canals in Florida, both for maintenance and environmental improvement, will produce millions of cubic meters of dredged materials. Productive disposal options of lake-dredged materials (LDM) may provide substantial and intangible benefits that will enhance the environment, community, and society. The objective of this study was to assess lake-dredged materials from Lake Panasoffkee as soil amendment for early establishment of bahiagrass (BG, Paspalum notatum Fluegge) in subtropical beef cattle pasture at Sumter County, Florida. This study encompassed two phases: Phase 1 comprised of five small observation plots (0.3 x 0.3 m); Phase 2 consisted of five larger test plots (30.5 x 30.5 m). Each of the plots in Phase 1 and Phase 2 had a different ratio LDM to natural soil (NS): Plot 1 (0% LDM + 100% NS); Plot 2 (25% LDM + 75% NS); Plot 3 (50% LDM + 50% NS); Plot 4 (75% LDM + 25% NS); and Plot 5 (100% LDM + 0% NS). Each plot was seeded with BG and early growth and yield establishment were monitored for 16 weeks. Results disclosed significantly taller (p less than or equal to 0.001) plants and higher biomass production (p less than or equal to 0.001) of BG from plots amended with 75% LDM than those of BG planted on plots with 0% LDM. Results suggest that LDM can serve as source of lime and fertilizer to establish BG beef pasture fields. Sediments with high CaCO3 improved the physical and chemical conditions of subtropical beef pastures. Lake-dredged materials could be removed from the spoil containment areas, trucked to other locations, and incorporated into existing fields for agricultural uses. There is still much to be learned, but it is certain that Lake Panasoffkee sediments should be regarded as a resource, with no observed harmful ecological effects. The agricultural or livestock industry could utilize these LDM to produce forages. LDM should be regarded as a beneficial resource, as a part of the ecological system. This study has been continued for several years to explore and assess the long term efficacy of LDM on productivity and quality of BG beyond its early establishment stage. Analysis of variance (ANOVA); bahiagrass (BG, Paspalum notatum Fluegge); Coleman Landing (CL); Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT); lake-dredged materials (LDM); least significant differences (LSD); natural soil (NS); probable effect levels (PEL); St. Johns River Water Management District (SJRWMD); Southwest Florida Water Management District (SWFWMD); threshold effect levels (TEL). JF - Journal of Soils and Sediments AU - Sigua, G AU - Holtkamp, M AU - Linton, J AU - Coleman, S AD - USDA-ARS, Subtropical Agricultural Research Station, Brooksville, FL 34601, USA, gcsigua@mail.ifas.ufl.edu Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 93 EP - 99 VL - 3 IS - 2 SN - 1439-0108, 1439-0108 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Rivers KW - Agriculture KW - Dredge spoil KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Water Management KW - USA, Florida KW - Grasses KW - Fluvial Sediments KW - Pastures KW - Biomass KW - Land application KW - Livestock KW - USA, Florida, Panasoffkee L. KW - Yield KW - Lakes KW - Paspalum notatum KW - USA, Florida, Sumter Cty. KW - Waste disposal KW - Benefits KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19411940?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soils+and+Sediments&rft.atitle=Land+Application+of+Lake-Dredged+Materials+for+Bahiagrass+Establishment+in+the+Subtropical+Beef+Pasture&rft.au=Sigua%2C+G%3BHoltkamp%2C+M%3BLinton%2C+J%3BColeman%2C+S&rft.aulast=Sigua&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=93&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soils+and+Sediments&rft.issn=14390108&rft_id=info:doi/http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1065%2Fjss2003.04.075 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Dredge spoil; Lakes; Grasses; Waste disposal; Land application; Livestock; Rivers; Analysis of Variance; Yield; Water Management; Fluvial Sediments; Pastures; Biomass; Benefits; Paspalum notatum; USA, Florida, Panasoffkee L.; USA, Florida; USA, Florida, Sumter Cty. DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1065/jss2003.04.075 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - EFFECTS OF A FAT BODY EXTRACT ON LARVAL MIDGUT CELLS AND GROWTH OF LEPIDOPTERA AN - 19332666; 8696241 AB - Treatment with fat body extract (FBX) from pupae of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, caused mortality in larvae of two pest lepidopterans, the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, and the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis. In FBX-treated larvae, the feeding rate was depressed, causing reduced weight gain and then larval death. Their midgut showed formation of multicellular layers of midgut epidermis, indicating stem-cell hyperplasia. Hence, the integument of FBX-treated larvae had a double cuticle, indicating induction of premature molting. But radioimmunoassay measurements confirmed that the amount of ecdysteroids in FBX was too low to be responsible for the molt-inducing effects observed after treatment with FBX. With midgut stem cell cultures in vitro, addition of FBX to the culture medium stimulated cell proliferation and differentiation in a concentration-dependent manner. This effect was compared with those of insect molting hormones, ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone; an ecdysteroid agonist, RH-2485; and a purified protein from FBX (multiplication factor). This article describes the mode of action of FBX and possible interplay between fat body factor(s) and insect hormones in the development and metamorphosis of the insect midgut. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal AU - Smagghe, Guy J AU - Elsen, Kim AU - Loeb, Marcia J AU - Gelman, Dale B AU - Blackburn, Michael AD - Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium (G. J. S.), Laboratory of Cellular Genetics, Department of Biology, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium (G. J. S., K. E.), and Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland 20705 (M. J. L., D. B. G., M. B.), guy.smagghe@rug.ac.be Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 8 EP - 12 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. VL - 39 IS - 1 SN - 1071-2690, 1071-2690 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - midgut stem cells KW - Lymantria dispar KW - Spodoptera littoralis KW - 20-hydroxyecdysone KW - metamorphosis KW - hyperplasia KW - Mortality KW - Feeding KW - Manduca sexta KW - Fat body KW - Cell culture KW - Cuticles KW - Molting KW - Hormones KW - Radioimmunoassay KW - Ecdysteroids KW - Lepidoptera KW - Differentiation KW - Epidermis KW - Hyperplasia KW - Stem cells KW - Ecdysone KW - Integument KW - Metamorphosis KW - Pests KW - Midgut KW - Cell proliferation KW - W 30925:Genetic Engineering KW - Z 05330:Reproduction and Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19332666?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.atitle=EFFECTS+OF+A+FAT+BODY+EXTRACT+ON+LARVAL+MIDGUT+CELLS+AND+GROWTH+OF+LEPIDOPTERA&rft.au=Smagghe%2C+Guy+J%3BElsen%2C+Kim%3BLoeb%2C+Marcia+J%3BGelman%2C+Dale+B%3BBlackburn%2C+Michael&rft.aulast=Smagghe&rft.aufirst=Guy&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=8&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.issn=10712690&rft_id=info:doi/10.1290%2F1543-706X%282003%290392.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Feeding; Mortality; Fat body; Cell culture; Cuticles; Molting; Radioimmunoassay; Hormones; Ecdysteroids; Epidermis; Differentiation; Ecdysone; Stem cells; Hyperplasia; Integument; Metamorphosis; Midgut; Pests; Cell proliferation; Manduca sexta; Spodoptera littoralis; Lymantria dispar; Lepidoptera DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1290/1543-706X(2003)039<0008:EOAFBE>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of Semichemicals as Feeding Stimulants for the Formosan Subterranean Termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermidae) AN - 19269770; 5837718 AB - Semichemicals that have been previously reported as attractants or feeding stimulants were tested against the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. Paired choice tests were conducted where consumption of chemically treated and solvent-treated filter paper disks were compared for each chemical over a range of concentrations. There were no differences in the consumption of filter paper disks treated with cholesterol or D-aspartic acid compared with controls at any of the concentrations tested. Dehydroisoandrosterone and hydroquinone acted as feeding deterrents at the higher concentrations. Ergosterol acted as a feeding stimulant at a concentration of 1 mg/g of filter paper. Field tests would need to be conducted to determine if ergosterol or other feeding stimulants could actually increase the efficacy of baits in the field. JF - Sociobiology AU - Cornelius, M L AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70124, USA Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 583 EP - 592 PB - California State University VL - 41 IS - 3 SN - 0361-6525, 0361-6525 KW - Formosan subterranean termite KW - Isoptera KW - dehydroisoandrosterone KW - ergosterol KW - hydroquinone KW - Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Rhinotermitidae KW - Antifeedants KW - Hydroquinone KW - Stimulants KW - Semiochemicals KW - Coptotermes formosanus KW - Ergosterol KW - Feeding behavior KW - Z 05167:Behavior KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19269770?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sociobiology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+Semichemicals+as+Feeding+Stimulants+for+the+Formosan+Subterranean+Termite+%28Isoptera%3A+Rhinotermidae%29&rft.au=Cornelius%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Cornelius&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=583&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Sociobiology&rft.issn=03616525&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coptotermes formosanus; Rhinotermitidae; Semiochemicals; Stimulants; Feeding behavior; Antifeedants; Hydroquinone; Ergosterol ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of Secondary Spruce Cutting on Increase of the Aboveground Biomass Production of Calamagrostis arundinacea (Nalepkovo, The Slovenske Rudohorie Mts.). AN - 19257911; 5849450 AB - The impact of sanitation cutting after massive secondary forest dying on the aboveground biomass production of Calamagrostis arundinacea was investigated in the Spis part of the Slovenske rudohorie Mts (a communal forests of the Nalepkovo village). The values of biomass ranged in the interval 36.16 to 1417.91 g/m super(2). Higher solar input and the development of new disengaged stands after sanitation cutting were the most important factors, which influenced increase of the Calamagrostis arundinacea aboveground biomass. JF - Ekologia (Bratislava)/Ecology (Bratislava) AU - Vykoukova, I AD - Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences of Comenius University, Mlynska dolina B-2, 842 15 Bratislava, The Slovak Republic, vykoukova@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 242 EP - 247 PB - Slovak Academic Press Ltd. VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 1335-342X, 1335-342X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Mountains KW - Slovakia KW - Cutting KW - Calamagrostis arundinacea KW - Biomass KW - D 04636:Grasses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19257911?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ekologia+%28Bratislava%29%2FEcology+%28Bratislava%29&rft.atitle=Influence+of+Secondary+Spruce+Cutting+on+Increase+of+the+Aboveground+Biomass+Production+of+Calamagrostis+arundinacea+%28Nalepkovo%2C+The+Slovenske+Rudohorie+Mts.%29.&rft.au=Vykoukova%2C+I&rft.aulast=Vykoukova&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=242&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ekologia+%28Bratislava%29%2FEcology+%28Bratislava%29&rft.issn=1335342X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Calamagrostis arundinacea; Slovakia; Cutting; Biomass; Mountains ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic variability in migratory and endemic island songbirds (genus Vireo): A comparative assessment using molecular and morphological traits AN - 19257797; 5834251 AB - Low genetic variation is thought to increase the risk of extinction in island species; however, these species can differ both in terms of endemism and gene flow. In a previous study, the endemic species of Puerto Rico (V. latimeri) and Jamaica (V. modestus and V. osburni) were shown to have less genetic variability than a continental relative, V. griseus. In this study, a migratory island species, V. altiloquus, is analyzed together with the endemics in order to (1) compare levels of genetic variation in migratory and endemic island species, and (2) assess this variation using both molecular markers and morphological traits. Each island species is also compared to a continental relative (V. griseus for the endemic species, and V. olivaceus for the migratory species). Variability in random amplified polymorphic DNA markers was significantly lower in the endemic species than in either migratory population. All island populations had significantly lower levels of variation than their respective continental relatives, but with significantly greater reduction in the endemic species. In contrast, the morphological measures revealed only two cases with a significantly lower CV in an endemic species compared to V. altiloquus or V. griseus. All others exhibited either no differences in CV or greater levels in the island populations. While the molecular results generally correspond to predictions of lower variability in endemic vs. migratory island species and island vs. continental species, the morphological comparisons do not, and therefore may not be useful for quick, field-based assessments of underlying genetic variability. JF - Conservation Genetics AU - Zwartjes, P W AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 333 Broadway S.E., Suite 115, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87102-3497, USA, pmmzwartjes@yahoo.com Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 749 EP - 758 VL - 4 IS - 6 SN - 1566-0621, 1566-0621 KW - Puerto rican vireo KW - Black-whiskered vireo KW - Vireos KW - Red-eyed vireo KW - Ecology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Vireo olivaceus KW - Vireo latimeri KW - Vireo modestus KW - Genetic diversity KW - Migration KW - Endemic species KW - Islands KW - Puerto Rico KW - Extinction KW - Vireo osburni KW - Jamaica KW - Random amplified polymorphic DNA KW - Morphology KW - Genetic markers KW - Vireo altiloquus KW - Vireo KW - G 07270:Ecological genetics KW - G 07377:Birds KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19257797?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Differential+nitric+oxide+production+by+immune+cells+of+chickens&rft.au=Crippen%2C+T+L%3BRipley%2C+L+H%3BFarnell%2C+M+B%3BLowry%2C+V+K%3BSheffield%2C+CL%3BKogut%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Crippen&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vireo osburni; Vireo modestus; Vireo latimeri; Vireo altiloquus; Vireo olivaceus; Vireo; Puerto Rico; Jamaica; Random amplified polymorphic DNA; Migration; Endemic species; Islands; Genetic diversity; Genetic markers; Extinction; Morphology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of an integrated laboratory information management system for the maize mapping project AN - 19166205; 5757905 AB - The development of an integrated genetic and physical map for the maize genome involves the generation of an enormous amount of data. Managing this data requires a system to aid in genotype scoring for different types of markers coming from both local and remote users. In addition, researchers need an efficient way to interact with genetic mapping software and with data files from automated DNA sequencing. They also need ways to manage primer data for mapping and sequencing and provide views of the integrated physical and genetic map and views of genetic map comparisons. JF - Bioinformatics AU - Sanchez-Villeda, H AU - Schroeder, S AU - Polacco, M AU - McMullen, M AU - Havermann, S AU - Davis, G AU - Vroh-Bi, I AU - Cone, K AU - Sharopova, N AU - Yim, Y AU - Schultz, L AU - Duru, N AU - Musket, T AU - Houchins, K AD - Department of Agronomy, Division of Biological Sciences and USDA-ARS, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 2022 EP - 2030 PB - Oxford University Press, Oxford Journals, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP UK, [mailto:jnl.samples@oup.co.uk], [URL:http://www3.oup.co.uk/jnls/] VL - 19 IS - 16 SN - 1367-4803, 1367-4803 KW - maize KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Genomes KW - Computer programs KW - Zea mays KW - Information processing KW - Bioinformatics KW - Gene mapping KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 350:Bioinformatics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19166205?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioinformatics&rft.atitle=Development+of+an+integrated+laboratory+information+management+system+for+the+maize+mapping+project&rft.au=Sanchez-Villeda%2C+H%3BSchroeder%2C+S%3BPolacco%2C+M%3BMcMullen%2C+M%3BHavermann%2C+S%3BDavis%2C+G%3BVroh-Bi%2C+I%3BCone%2C+K%3BSharopova%2C+N%3BYim%2C+Y%3BSchultz%2C+L%3BDuru%2C+N%3BMusket%2C+T%3BHouchins%2C+K&rft.aulast=Sanchez-Villeda&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; Bioinformatics; Information processing; Genomes; Gene mapping; Computer programs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service research on natural products for pest management AN - 18931664; 5675159 AB - Recent research of the Agricultural Research Service of USDA on the use of natural products to manage pests is summarized. Studies of the use of both phytochemicals and diatomaceous earth to manage insect pests are discussed. Chemically characterized compounds, such as a saponin from pepper (Capsicum frutescens L), benzaldehyde, chitosan and 2-deoxy-D-glucose are being studied as natural fungicides. Resin glycosides for pathogen resistance in sweet potato and residues of semi-tropical leguminous plants for nematode control are also under investigation. Bioassay-guided isolation of compounds with potential use as herbicides or herbicide leads is underway at several locations. New natural phytotoxin molecular target sites (asparagine synthetase and fructose-1,6- bisphosphate aldolase) have been discovered. Weed control in sweet potato and rice by allelopathy is under investigation. Molecular approaches to enhance allelopathy in sorghum are also being undertaken. The genes for polyketide synthases involved in production of pesticidal polyketide compounds in fungi are found to provide clues for pesticide discovery. Gene expression profiles in response to fungicides and herbicides are being generated as tools to understand more fully the mode of action and to rapidly determine the molecular target site of new, natural fungicides and herbicides. Published in 2003 for SCI by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. JF - Pest Management Science AU - Duke, SO AU - Baerson AU - Dayan, F E AU - Rimando, A M AU - Scheffler, B E AU - Tellez, M R AU - Wedge, DE AU - Schrader, K K AU - Akey, D H AU - Arthur, F H AU - De Lucca, AJ AU - Gibson, D M AU - Harrison, HF Jr AU - Peterson, J K AU - Gealy AU - Tworkoski, T AU - Wilson, CL AU - Morris, J B AD - USDA, ARS, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, PO Box 8048, University 38677, USA, sduke@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003///0, PY - 2003 DA - 0, 2003 SP - 708 EP - 717 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Baffins Lane Chichester W. Sussex PO19 1UD UK, [mailto:customer@wiley.co.uk] VL - 59 IS - 6-7 SN - 1526-498X, 1526-498X KW - Allelopathy KW - Arthropoda KW - Diatomaceous earth KW - Natural products KW - glycosides KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Entomology Abstracts KW - natural product KW - insecticide KW - fungicide KW - herbicide KW - allelochemical KW - allelopathy KW - pest management KW - phytotoxin KW - Agriculture KW - Glucose KW - Herbicides KW - Metabolites KW - Pest control KW - Pathogens KW - Chemical defence KW - Environmental protection KW - Gene expression KW - USA KW - Bioassays KW - Insecticides KW - Pesticides KW - Chitosan KW - Fungicides KW - Pest resistance KW - Bioactive compounds KW - Pollution control KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - Q5 08505:Prevention and control KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18931664?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+vaccine+applicator+pressurization+on+Mycoplasma+gallisepticum&rft.au=Branton%2C+S+L%3BCollier%2C+S+D%3BSimmons%2C+J+D%3BLott%2C+B+D%3BMiles%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Branton&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Insecticides; Fungicides; Chitosan; Pest control; Metabolites; Herbicides; Bioactive compounds; Chemical defence; Environmental protection; Pollution control; Gene expression; Bioassays; Pesticides; Glucose; Pest resistance; Pathogens; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.633 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human neutrophil elastase inhibition with a novel cotton-alginate wound dressing formulation AN - 18927444; 5686210 AB - Occlusion and elasticity were combined in a novel cotton-based alginate dressing containing a nontoxic elastase inhibitor. Cotton gauzes were modified with a textile finishing process for incorporating alginate to yield a dressing material that retains elasticity while enhancing absorption. The algino- cellulose conjugates were formed through citric acid crosslinking of cellulose and alginate. The alginate-citrate finishes were applied to cotton gauzes in various formulations containing citric acid, sodium hypophosphite, and polyethylene glycol. The modified gauzes contain a citrate conjugate of alginate and cellulose that gels upon hydration. The alginate-citrate finishes were combined with the neutrophil elastase inhibitor, oleic acid, to demonstrate the ability of the algino-cellulose fibers to release the inhibitor and neutralize destructively high levels of neutrophil elastase found in nonhealing and burn wounds. Four types of gauzes were examined for the effect of the algino- cellulose finish on cotton gauze absorbency and elasticity. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of the film and alginate-citrate finished cotton showed formation of the alginate and citrate cellulose esters. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed large areas of the yarn surface covered by the alginate film with a smooth surface on the original fibers. Wetting of the gauze surface resulted in formation of a hydrated gel on the yarns with apparent swelling of the film and the fiber-coated alginate. Published 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 66A: 433-440, 2003 JF - Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, Part A AU - Edwards, J V AU - Bopp, A F AU - Batiste, S L AU - Goynes, W R AD - USDA, Agriculture Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, Cotton Textile Chemistry, 1100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, Louisiana 70124, vedwards@nola.srrc.usda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 433 EP - 440 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 66A IS - 3 SN - 0021-9304, 0021-9304 KW - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy KW - cellulose KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Cotton KW - Alginic acid KW - I.R. spectroscopy KW - Medical dressings KW - Leukocytes (neutrophilic) KW - Biomaterials KW - Leukocyte elastase KW - Wounds KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 110:Biomedical Materials & Tissue Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18927444?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biomedical+Materials+Research%2C+Part+A&rft.atitle=Human+neutrophil+elastase+inhibition+with+a+novel+cotton-alginate+wound+dressing+formulation&rft.au=Edwards%2C+J+V%3BBopp%2C+A+F%3BBatiste%2C+S+L%3BGoynes%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=66A&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=433&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biomedical+Materials+Research%2C+Part+A&rft.issn=00219304&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fjbm.a.10517 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biomaterials; Leukocytes (neutrophilic); Leukocyte elastase; Medical dressings; Wounds; I.R. spectroscopy; Alginic acid; Cotton DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.10517 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sediment transport in rill flow under deposition and detachment conditions AN - 18922504; 5637595 AB - The understanding of soil erosion processes and the development of accurate erosion prediction models require understanding of detachment, deposition, and sediment transport in rills. The objectives of this study were to determine whether sediment transport capacity is a unique value for given soil, flow rate, and slope, and to determine if equilibrium sediment concentration in the rill obtained by detachment was different from that observed under depositional conditions. Experiments on a Carmi loam (fine, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalf) simulated rill erosion under net detachment and net deposition conditions. Two discharge rates of 6 and 9 l min super(-1) and two sediment input regimes of 0 and excess of transport capacity were tested on soil beds with lengths of 2, 4, 6, 7, and 8 m at 7% slope. Sediment load reached steady state conditions within the 8-m distance on the rill. At 9 l min super(-1) discharge, 8 m length, and excess sediment added to the flow, sediment delivery was 71 g l super(-1) versus 31 g l super(-1) for the corresponding case with no sediment added. Overall, for the conditions tested, rill flow transported two times more sediment than it could detach. The flow did not reach its maximum potential transported load through detachment of soil due in part to changes in the sediment size distribution under deposition and possibly to the protective action of bedload particles moving along the rill bottom and/or changes in flow turbulence associated with sediment laden flow. JF - Catena AU - Polyakov, VO AU - Nearing, MA AD - USDA-ARS National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1196, USA Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 33 EP - 43 VL - 51 IS - 1 SN - 0341-8162, 0341-8162 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Sediment Transport KW - Testing Procedures KW - Hydrological Regime KW - Rill Erosion KW - Flow Rates KW - Bed Load KW - Sediment Load KW - Load Distribution KW - Deposition KW - Soil Erosion KW - Sediment Concentration KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18922504?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Catena&rft.atitle=Sediment+transport+in+rill+flow+under+deposition+and+detachment+conditions&rft.au=Polyakov%2C+VO%3BNearing%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Polyakov&rft.aufirst=VO&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Catena&rft.issn=03418162&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0341-8162%2802%2900090-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Testing Procedures; Sediment Transport; Hydrological Regime; Flow Rates; Rill Erosion; Bed Load; Load Distribution; Sediment Load; Deposition; Soil Erosion; Sediment Concentration DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0341-8162(02)00090-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Natural Presettlement Features of the Ashley County, Arkansas Area AN - 18910119; 5543054 AB - The General Land Office (GLO) survey records of the Ashley County, Arkansas, area were analyzed for natural attributes including forest composition and structure, prairie communities and aquatic and geomorphological features. Almost 13,000 witness trees from at least 23 families were extracted from the surveys. Most (68% of the total) witness trees were black oak (Quercus velutina), pine (Pinus spp.), post oak (Q. stellata), white oak (Q. alba), hickory (Carya spp.) and sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), with 60% of the taxa having fewer than 20 individuals and 26% represented by a single tree. Witness trees were usually moderate sized with very few small or large individuals noted. The distribution of presettlement grasslands, bottomland forests and upland mixed pine/hardwood forests was approximately mapped across the study area. Catastrophic disturbances mentioned in the GLO records included windthrow, floods, fire, timber harvest and earthquakes. Even during this early period, European settlers were altering the Ashley County landscape with trails, homes, farms, cotton gins and small-scale land clearing. Other notable ecological features in these survey records included large woody debris, wetlands, unique terrain conditions and wild game. JF - American Midland Naturalist AU - Bragg, D C AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, P.O. Box 3516 UAM, Monticello, Arkansas 71656, dbragg@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 1 EP - 20 PB - University of Notre Dame VL - 149 IS - 1 SN - 0003-0031, 0003-0031 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Ecology Abstracts KW - Historical account KW - Man-induced effects KW - Forests KW - Freshwater KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - Human impact KW - Vegetation cover KW - Geomorphology KW - USA, Arkansas, Ashley Cty. KW - Historical ecology KW - USA, Arkansas KW - Wetlands KW - Natural vegetation KW - D 04125:Temperate forests KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18910119?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Midland+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Natural+Presettlement+Features+of+the+Ashley+County%2C+Arkansas+Area&rft.au=Bragg%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Bragg&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=149&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Midland+Naturalist&rft.issn=00030031&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0003-0031%282003%29149%280001%3ANPFOTA%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vegetation cover; Historical account; Geomorphology; Forests; Man-induced effects; Wetlands; Ecosystem disturbance; Historical ecology; Natural vegetation; Human impact; USA, Arkansas, Ashley Cty.; USA, Arkansas; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0003-0031(2003)149(0001:NPFOTA)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Arsenic Essentiality: A Role Affecting Methionine Metabolism AN - 18894724; 5776938 AB - Although there is no known biological function of arsenic, considerable evidence suggests that arsenic has a physiological role related to methionine metabolism. In early studies using amino acid-based diets, it was found that arsenic deprivation had little effect on growth in rats fed adequate methionine. However, in rats fed suboptimal methionine, arsenic deprivation resulted in a significant reduction in body weight. Other studies showed that feeding methyl depletors caused severe signs of arsenic deprivation. Because it was found that alteration in methionine status or methyl metabolism affected signs of arsenic deprivation, and that many of these signs were related to methionine or methyl metabolism, it was hypothesized that arsenic has a physiological role affecting methionine metabolism. In animal studies testing this hypothesis, it was shown that arsenic deprivation reduces the hepatic concentration of S-adenosylmethionine. Additionally, arsenic status affects DNA methylation in animal and cell culture models; very low or high doses of arsenic, compared with control amounts, result in an apparent hypomethylation of DNA. Because global DNA hypomethylation is associated with an increased incidence of cancer, we tested whether dietary arsenic (deficient, adequate, or excess; 0, 0.5 or 50 mu g arsenic/g diet, respectively) would affect the formation of aberrant crypts in rats treated with the carcinogen dimethylhydrazine. Aberrant crypts are preneoplastic lesions that have been associated with colon carcinomas. More aberrant crypts were observed in rats fed the high amount of dietary arsenic compared to those fed adequate arsenic. The number of aberrant crypts in the arsenic-deprived group also tended to be higher than those found in rats fed adequate arsenic. Thus, many findings indicate that arsenic plays a role in methionine/methyl metabolism; however, the site of action of arsenic remains unknown. Possibly, arsenic is instrumental in maintaining the metabolic pool of S-adenosylmethionine. These results show that compared to controlled amounts, having too little or too much arsenic in the diet is harmful. That is, there is an amount of dietary arsenic that is not only not harmful, but beneficial. JF - Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine AU - Uthus, E O AD - USDA, ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, PO Box 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9034, USA, euthus@gfthnrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 345 EP - 355 VL - 16 IS - 4 SN - 0896-548X, 0896-548X KW - metabolism KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24250:Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18894724?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Trace+Elements+in+Experimental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Arsenic+Essentiality%3A+A+Role+Affecting+Methionine+Metabolism&rft.au=Uthus%2C+E+O&rft.aulast=Uthus&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Trace+Elements+in+Experimental+Medicine&rft.issn=0896548X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fjtra.10044 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jtra.10044 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential amplification of sequence heterogeneous ribosomal RNA genes and classification of the 'Fragaria multicipita' phytoplasma AN - 18891858; 5763257 AB - Ribosomal (r) RNA interoperon sequence heterogeneity in the 'Fragaria multicipita' phytoplasma, a member of group 16SrVI, was initially observed in RFLP patterns of rDNA amplified in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and was confirmed through sequence analysis of cloned rDNA. Sequences from operons rrnA and rrnB were amplified in PCR primed by primer pair P1/P7 but from only rrnA in PCR primed by primer pair R16mF2/R16mR1. Preferential amplification of DNA from operon rrnA was explained by base mismatches between the R16mF2/R16mR1 primers and primer annealing sites in rrnB. The results revealed potential for classification of a phytoplasma into two different subgroups within a 16S rRNA group, if the phytoplasma's 16S rRNA gene sequences are independently characterized. It is suggested that the rRNA operon containing species-specific signature sequence(s) should be specified, and where possible sequences from both 16S rRNA genes should be included, in descriptions of new 'Candidatus Phytoplasma species'. JF - Microbiological Research AU - Davis, R E AU - Jomantiene, R AU - Kalvelyte, A AU - Dally, EL AD - Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Plant Sciences Institute, Agricultural Research Service-USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, davisr@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 229 EP - 236 VL - 158 IS - 3 SN - 0944-5013, 0944-5013 KW - operons KW - rRNA gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18891858?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbiological+Research&rft.atitle=Differential+amplification+of+sequence+heterogeneous+ribosomal+RNA+genes+and+classification+of+the+%27Fragaria+multicipita%27+phytoplasma&rft.au=Davis%2C+R+E%3BJomantiene%2C+R%3BKalvelyte%2C+A%3BDally%2C+EL&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=158&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbiological+Research&rft.issn=09445013&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial variation in crop response: An overview for variable irrigation of corn, and its implications for water and nitrogen management AN - 18881317; 5738349 AB - During the last 10-15 years, reasonably priced technology to measure spatially indexed crop yields and to apply fertilizers at spatially variable rates has stimulated increased interest in site-specific farming. Technology to apply irrigation at spatially variable rates is not commercially available, having lagged fertilizer application. However, it is generally agreed that water and fertilizer are the most important inputs for determining yield and profit. While moving irrigation systems, if modified, could offer great potential for site-specific application of water and nutrients, little is known of crop yield response to these inputs, or the economic implications. Both yield responses and the associated economic implications must be known before optimum dynamic management can be achieved. Availability of commercial equipment for variable-rate applications of water and nutrients to small management areas will accelerate the need for these crop response functions. JF - International Water And Irrigation AU - Camp, C R AU - John Sadler, E AU - Lu, Yao-chi AD - USDA-ARS Coastal Plains Soil, Water and Plant Research Center Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 26 EP - 30 VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 0334-5807, 0334-5807 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Water Management KW - Fruit and vegetable crops (Cereals) KW - Irrigation KW - Nutrients KW - Crops KW - Nitrogen KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18881317?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Water+And+Irrigation&rft.atitle=Spatial+variation+in+crop+response%3A+An+overview+for+variable+irrigation+of+corn%2C+and+its+implications+for+water+and+nitrogen+management&rft.au=Camp%2C+C+R%3BJohn+Sadler%2C+E%3BLu%2C+Yao-chi&rft.aulast=Camp&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=26&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Water+And+Irrigation&rft.issn=03345807&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Water Management; Irrigation; Fruit and vegetable crops (Cereals); Nutrients; Crops; Nitrogen ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccination of cattle: Activation of bovine CD4 super(+) and gamma delta TCR super(+) cells and modulation by 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D sub(3) AN - 18868916; 5712197 AB - Setting: 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1, 25(OH) sub(2)D sub(3)) is a potent modulator of immune responses and may be beneficial in the treatment of tuberculosis. Recent evidence suggest that 1, 25(OH) sub(2)D sub(3) may affect T- dependent responses in cattle; however, mechanisms by which this vitamin modulates activation of bovine T cells are unclear. Objective: Determine the effects of 1, 25(OH) sub(2)D sub(3) on the expression of CD25, CD44, and CD62L by bovine T cell subsets proliferating in response to antigen stimulation. Design: Antigen-specific recall responses of Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccinated cattle were used as a model system to evaluate effects of 1, 25(OH) sub(2)D sub(3) on the proliferation and activation of bovine T cell subsets. Results: CD4 super(+) and gamma delta TCR super(+) cells were the predominant T cell subsets responding to soluble crude M. bovis-derived antigens (i.e. purified protein derivative and a BCG whole cell sonicate) by proliferation and activation-induced alterations in phenotype. These subsets exhibited increased CD25 and CD44 mean fluorescence intensity (mfi) and decreased CD62L mfi upon antigen stimulation. Addition of 1, 25(OH) sub(2)D sub(3) inhibited proliferation of CD4 super(+) cells and decreased the expression of CD44 on responding (i.e. proliferating) CD4 super(+) and gamma delta TCR super(+) cells. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the production of 1, 25(OH) sub(2)D sub(3) by macrophages within tuberculous lesions would inhibit proliferation and CD44 expression by co-localized CD4 super(+) and gamma delta TCR super(+) cells. JF - Tuberculosis AU - Waters, W R AU - Nonnecke, B J AU - Foote, M R AU - Maue, A C AU - Rahner, TE AU - Palmer, M V AU - Whipple, D L AU - Horst, R L AU - Estes, D M AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA, rwaters@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 287 EP - 297 PB - Harcourt Publishers Ltd., Robert Stevenson House 1-3 Baxter's Place, Leith Walk Edinburgh EH1 3AF UK, [mailto:Claire_Wilson@harcourt.com], [URL:http://www.idealibrary.com/] VL - 83 IS - 5 SN - 1472-9792, 1472-9792 KW - 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 KW - CD25 antigen KW - CD4 antigen KW - CD44 antigen KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - A 01102:Bacteria and fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18868916?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tuberculosis&rft.atitle=Mycobacterium+bovis+bacille+Calmette-Guerin+vaccination+of+cattle%3A+Activation+of+bovine+CD4+super%28%2B%29+and+gamma+delta+TCR+super%28%2B%29+cells+and+modulation+by+1%2C+25-dihydroxyvitamin+D+sub%283%29&rft.au=Waters%2C+W+R%3BNonnecke%2C+B+J%3BFoote%2C+M+R%3BMaue%2C+A+C%3BRahner%2C+TE%3BPalmer%2C+M+V%3BWhipple%2C+D+L%3BHorst%2C+R+L%3BEstes%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Waters&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tuberculosis&rft.issn=14729792&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1472-9792%2803%2900002-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1472-9792(03)00002-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Light Reflectance Characteristics and Remote Sensing of Waterlettuce AN - 18866027; 5711098 AB - Waterlettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.) is a free-floating exotic aquatic weed that often invades and clogs waterways in the southeastern United States. A study was conducted to evaluate the potential of using remote sensing technology to distinguish infestations of waterlettuce in Texas waterways. Field reflectance measurements showed that waterlettuce had higher visible green reflectance than associated plant species. Waterlettuce could be detected in both aerial color-infrared (CIR) photography and videography where it had light pink to pinkish-white image tonal responses. Computer analysis of CIR photographic and videography images had overall accuracy assessments of 86% and 84%, respectively. JF - Journal of Aquatic Plant Management AU - Everitt, J H AU - Yang, C AU - Flores, D AD - USDA/ARS, Integrated Farming and Natural Resources Unit, 2413 E. Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA, jeveritt@weslaco.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 39 EP - 44 PB - Aquatic Plant Management Society, Inc. VL - 41 IS - 1 SN - 0146-6623, 0146-6623 KW - aquatic plants KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Remote Sensing KW - Pistia stratiotes KW - Water Management KW - Reflectance KW - Water Quality KW - Remote sensing KW - Weed Control KW - Aerial photography KW - Identification KW - Freshwater weeds KW - Aquatic Plants KW - Plant control KW - Exotic Species KW - Infrared imagery KW - USA, Texas KW - Monitoring KW - Introduced species KW - Q1 08226:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18866027?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Aquatic+Plant+Management&rft.atitle=Light+Reflectance+Characteristics+and+Remote+Sensing+of+Waterlettuce&rft.au=Everitt%2C+J+H%3BYang%2C+C%3BFlores%2C+D&rft.aulast=Everitt&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Aquatic+Plant+Management&rft.issn=01466623&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Plant control; Reflectance; Infrared imagery; Remote sensing; Aerial photography; Introduced species; Identification; Freshwater weeds; Remote Sensing; Water Management; Aquatic Plants; Exotic Species; Water Quality; Weed Control; Monitoring; Pistia stratiotes; USA, Texas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of alternative strategies for management of soilborne pathogens currently controlled with methyl bromide AN - 18840348; 5729034 AB - The current standard treatment for management of soilborne pests in some high-value crop production systems is preplant fumigation with mixtures of methyl bromide and chloropicrin. With the impending phase-out of methyl bromide, the agricultural industries that rely on soil fumigation face the need for development of alternative pest management strategies. To maintain farm productivity, immediate term research has focused on evaluation of alternative fumigants, modification of current crop production practices to accommodate their use, and improvement of application technologies to reduce the environmental effects of fumigant applications. Longer-term research goals have focused on developing a more integrated approach for pest management that incorporates the use of cultural practices to reduce pathogen pressure, host resistance to disease, and biological approaches for stimulating plant growth and control of root diseases. JF - Annual Review of Phytopathology AU - Martin, F N AD - USDA-ARS, 1636 East Alisal Street, Salinas, CA 93905, USA, fmartin@pw.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 325 EP - 350 VL - 41 SN - 0066-4286, 0066-4286 KW - methyl bromide KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01031:Antifungal & fungicidal agents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18840348?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Development+of+alternative+strategies+for+management+of+soilborne+pathogens+currently+controlled+with+methyl+bromide&rft.au=Martin%2C+F+N&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=&rft.spage=325&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+Review+of+Phytopathology&rft.issn=00664286&rft_id=info:doi/10.1146%2Fannurev.phyto.41.052002.095514 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.phyto.41.052002.095514 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inoculation with Mycorrhizal Fungi Increases the Yield of Green Peppers in a High P Soil AN - 18839623; 5725164 AB - Arbuscular mycorrhizal [AM] fungi are mutualistic symbionts that impart a number of benefits to host plants, any one of which can make them important contributors to productivity of alternative agricultural systems. Inoculation of vegetable seedlings prior to outplanting is economically feasible. One of three inoculation treatments was imposed upon Capsicum annuum L. cv. Camelot seedlings: (1) Glomus intraradices, (2) a mixed inoculum of Glomus mosseae, Glomus etunicatum and Gigaspora rosea, and (3) uninoculated controls. Plants were transplanted into high P soil field plots that received either composted dairy cow manure or conventional chemical fertilizer. There were no significant differences in yield between nutrient amendments, but inoculation with AM fungi significantly affected fruit yield. The mixed inocula increased yields relative to controls by 14 to 23% in plots amended with compost and 34% one year with chemical fertilizers. Glomus intraradices depressed seedling growth relative to controls and decreased yields in one of two years. Inoculation with AM fungi is a management option that should not be ignored in high P soils, but proper selection of inoculum is essential. JF - Biological Agriculture and Horticulture AU - Douds, DD Jr AU - Reider, C AD - USDA-ARS ERRC, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, ddouds@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 91 EP - 102 VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 0144-8765, 0144-8765 KW - Arbuscular mycorrhizas KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - A 01055:Other soil treatments KW - K 03096:Mycorrhiza UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18839623?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+Agriculture+and+Horticulture&rft.atitle=Inoculation+with+Mycorrhizal+Fungi+Increases+the+Yield+of+Green+Peppers+in+a+High+P+Soil&rft.au=Douds%2C+DD+Jr%3BReider%2C+C&rft.aulast=Douds&rft.aufirst=DD&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+Agriculture+and+Horticulture&rft.issn=01448765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service research programs on microbes for management of plant-parasitic nematodes AN - 18804284; 5675154 AB - Restrictions on the use of conventional nematicides have increased the need for new methods of managing plant-parasitic nematodes. Consequently, nematode- antagonistic microbes, and active compounds produced by such organisms, are being explored as potential additions to management practices. Programs in this area at the USDA Agricultural Research Service investigate applied biocontrol agents, naturally occurring beneficial soil microbes and natural compounds. Specific research topics include use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and cultural practices for management of root-knot and ring nematodes, determination of management strategies that enhance activity of naturally occurring Pasteuria species (bacterial obligate parasites of nematodes), studies on interactions between biocontrol bacteria and bacterial-feeding nematodes, and screening of microbes for compounds active against plant-parasitic nematodes. Some studies involve biocontrol agents that are active against nematodes and soil-borne plant-pathogenic fungi, or combinations of beneficial bacteria and fungi, to manage a spectrum of plant diseases or to increase efficacy over a broader range of environmental conditions. Effective methods or agents identified in the research programs are investigated as additions to existing management systems for plant-parasitic nematodes. Published in 2003 for SCI by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. JF - Pest Management Science AU - Meyer, S L AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Nematology Laboratory, Bldg 011A, Room 165B, BARC-West, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville 20705-2350, USA, meyerf@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 665 EP - 670 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Baffins Lane Chichester W. Sussex PO19 1UD UK, [mailto:customer@wiley.co.uk], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 59 IS - 6-7 SN - 1526-498X, 1526-498X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18804284?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pest+Management+Science&rft.atitle=United+States+Department+of+Agriculture-Agricultural+Research+Service+research+programs+on+microbes+for+management+of+plant-parasitic+nematodes&rft.au=Meyer%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=6-7&rft.spage=665&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pest+Management+Science&rft.issn=1526498X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fps.708 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.708 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production of mannitol and lactic acid by fermentation with Lactobacillus intermedius NRRL B-3693 AN - 18720509; 5600908 AB - Lactobacillus intermedius B-3693 was selected as a good producer of mannitol from fructose after screening 72 bacterial strains. The bacterium produced mannitol, lactic acid, and acetic acid from fructose in pH-controlled batch fermentation. Typical yields of mannitol, lactic acid, and acetic acid from 250 g/L fructose were 0.70, 0.16, and 0.12 g, respectively per g of fructose. The fermentation time was greatly dependent on fructose concentration but the product yields were not dependent on fructose level. Fed-batch fermentation decreased the time of maximum mannitol production from fructose (300 g/L) from 136 to 92 h. One-third of fructose could be replaced with glucose, maltose, galactose, mannose, raffinose, or starch with glucoamylase (simultaneous saccharification and fermentation), and two-thirds of fructose could be replaced with sucrose. L. intermedius B-3693 did not co-utilize lactose, cellobiose, glycerol, or xylose with fructose. It produced lactic acid and ethanol but no acetic acid from glucose. The bacterium produced 21.3 +/- 0.6 g lactic acid, 10.5 +/- 0.3 g acetic acid, and 4.7 +/- 0.0 g ethanol per L of fermentation broth from dilute acid (15% solids, 0.5% H sub(2)SO sub(4), 121 degree C, 1 h) pretreated enzyme (cellulase, beta -glucosidase) saccharified corn fiber hydrolyzate. JF - Biotechnology and Bioengineering AU - Saha, B C AU - Nakamura, L K AD - Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois 61604, sahabc@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 864 EP - 871 VL - 82 IS - 7 SN - 0006-3592, 0006-3592 KW - fructose KW - lactic acid KW - mannitol KW - saccharification KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - A 01015:Fermentation & related processes KW - W2 32580:Fermentation and process engineering KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 320:Cell Culture & Batch Fermentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18720509?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+an+experimental+chlorate+compound+on+Salmonella+recovery+of+Turkeys+when+administered+prior+to+feed+and+water+withdrawal&rft.au=Moore%2C+R+W%3BByrd%2C+JA%3BKnape%2C+K+D%3BAnderson%2C+R+C%3BCallaway%2C+T+R%3BEdrington%2C+T+S%3BKubena%2C+L+F%3BNisbet%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.10638 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A major QTL for common bacterial blight resistance derives from the common bean great northern landrace cultivar Montana No.5 AN - 18715655; 5603664 AB - Knowledge of the evolutionary origin and sources of pest resistance genes will facilitate gene deployment and development of crop cultivars with durable resistance. Our objective was to determine the source of common bacterial blight (CBB) resistance in the common bean Great Northern Nebraska NUMBER SIGN1 (GNNUMBER SIGN1) and GNNUMBER SIGN1 Selection 27 (GNNUMBER SIGN1 Sel 27). Several great northern cultivars including GNNUMBER SIGN1, GNNUMBER SIGN1 Sel 27, and Montana No.5 (the female parent of the common x tepary bean interspecific population from which GN NUMBER SIGN1 and GN NUMBER SIGN 1 Sel 27 were derived) and known susceptible checks were evaluated for CBB reaction in field and greenhouse environments. These genotypes and CBB resistant and susceptible tepary bean including Tepary NUMBER SIGN4, the male parent and presumed contributor of CBB resistance to GNNUMBER SIGN1 and GNNUMBER SIGN1 Sel 27, were assayed for presence or absence of three SCAR markers tightly linked with independent QTLs conditioning CBB resistance. The parents and F sub(2) of Montana No. 5/GN NUMBER SIGN1 Sel 27 and Montana No.5/Othello (CBB susceptible) were screened for CBB reaction and SCAR markers. CBB resistance in Montana No.5 was comparable to that of GNNUMBER SIGN1 and GNNUMBER SIGN1 Sel 27. The SAP6 SCAR marker present in GNNUMBER SIGN1 and GNNUMBER SIGN1 Sel 27 was also present in Montana No.5, and it co-segregated (R super(2) =35%) with the CBB resistance in the Montana No.5/Othello F sub(2) population. Although a few CBB resistant and susceptible transgressive segregants were found in the F sub(2) of Montana No.5/GN NUMBER SIGN1 Sel 27 and later confirmed by F sub(3) progeny tests, SAP6 SCAR marker was present in all progenies. None of the tepary bean specific CBB resistance-linked SCAR markers were present in GNNUMBER SIGN1, GNNUMBER SIGN1 Sel 27, or Montana No.5. A cluster analysis of 169 polymorphic PCR-based markers across three common bean and Tepary NUMBER SIGN4 indicated that GNNUMBER SIGN1, GNNUMBER SIGN1 Sel 27, and Montana No.5 were closely related, and not related at all with Tepary NUMBER SIGN4. Thus, these results clearly indicate Montana No.5, not Tepary NUMBER SIGN4, as the source of CBB resistance in GNNUMBER SIGN1 and GNNUMBER SIGN1 Sel 27. JF - Euphytica AU - Miklas, P N AU - Coyne, D P AU - Grafton, K F AU - Mutlu, N AU - Reiser, J AU - Lindgren, D T AU - Singh, S P AD - USDA, ARS, 24106 North Bunn Road, Prosser, WA 99350, U.S.A. Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 137 EP - 146 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 131 IS - 1 SN - 0014-2336, 0014-2336 KW - common bean KW - green bean KW - string bean KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Genetics Abstracts KW - A 01030:General KW - G 07354:Dicotyledons (crops) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18715655?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Euphytica&rft.atitle=A+major+QTL+for+common+bacterial+blight+resistance+derives+from+the+common+bean+great+northern+landrace+cultivar+Montana+No.5&rft.au=Miklas%2C+P+N%3BCoyne%2C+D+P%3BGrafton%2C+K+F%3BMutlu%2C+N%3BReiser%2C+J%3BLindgren%2C+D+T%3BSingh%2C+S+P&rft.aulast=Miklas&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=131&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Euphytica&rft.issn=00142336&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of an exotic species, Acroptilon repens (L.) DC. on seedling emergence and growth of native grasses AN - 18715288; 5604008 AB - Our objective was to evaluate the effects of an invasive perennial forb, Acroptilon repens (Russian knapweed), on seed emergence and seedling survival of four native grass species that are important in semiarid grasslands of North America. Greenhouse experiments and field studies conducted at three sites in Colorado, USA were used to examine the response by four perennial grasses: Bouteloua gracilis, Koelaria cristata, Sporobolus cryptandrus, and Agropyon smithii to A. repens. In the greenhouse, seeds of each species were sown in pots that contained either live A. repens roots, A. repens litter on the soil surface, or both roots and litter. Field transects were placed inside stands of A. repens with adjacent control transects in the surrounding grass-dominated community. Emergence and initial survival were decreased by the presence of A. repens roots for K. cristata (35%), B. gracilis (31%), and S. cryptandrus (44%) in the greenhouse, and 57, 32, and 36%, respectively, in the field. Root weight was decreased by the presence of A. repens roots for both B. gracilis and K. cristata by more than 55% in the greenhouse. A. smithii survival and growth were unaffected by A. repens in either the greenhouse or the field. These species-specific responses to the presence of A. repens may explain, at least in part, differences in susceptibility and recovery of sites with different native grass species composition. JF - Plant Ecology AU - Grant, D W AU - Peters, D P AU - Beck, G K AU - Fraleigh, H D AD - Graduate Degree Program in Ecology & Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, 80523, USA; Current address: Crops Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Fort Collins, 80523, USA Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 157 EP - 166 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 166 IS - 2 SN - 1385-0237, 1385-0237 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04115:Temperate grasslands UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18715288?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Genetic+manipulation+of+alfalfa+and+Medicago+truncatula+for+organic+acid+secretion+and+metal+tolerance&rft.au=Samac%2C+D&rft.aulast=Samac&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A facile reactor process for producing 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid from oleic acid conversion by Pseudomonas aeruginosa AN - 18714641; 5601811 AB - Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PR3 (NRRL B-18602) converts oleic acid to a novel compound, 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid (DOD). The bioconversion was scaled up in a 7-1 bench-top, stirred-batch reactor to produce DOD for testing of potential industrial uses. Aeration was supplied continuously from the top through two ports on the headplate and periodically through a bottom sparger, in conjunction with the use of marine impellers for agitation. This unique aeration arrangement maintained the dissolved O sub(2) concentration in the 40-60% range during the period of maximal bioconversion and it also avoided excessive medium foaming during the reaction. Furthermore, the level of dissolved O sub(2) in the first 24 h of reaction played an important role in the initial rate of DOD production. DOD production reached a plateau after 72 h with a yield up to 100 g (or 50% recovery) from a total of 9 l medium from two reactors run simultaneously. The final culture broth was processed using newly adapted procedures in the pilot plant that included crystallization of DOD from ethyl acetate solution at -15 degree C. The newly developed bioprocess will serve as a platform for the scale-up production of other value-added products derived from vegetable oils and their component fatty acids. JF - Biotechnology Letters AU - Kuo, T M AU - Ray, K J AU - Manthey, L K AD - Microbial Genomics and Bioprocessing Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA-ARS, Peoria, IL 61604, USA, kuotm@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/01/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jan 01 SP - 29 EP - 33 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 25 IS - 1 SN - 0141-5492, 0141-5492 KW - 7,10-Dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid KW - 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid KW - oleic acid KW - Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Crystallization KW - Bioreactors KW - Pseudomonas aeruginosa KW - Agitation KW - Dissolved oxygen KW - A 01002:Acids, amino acids, peptides & proteins KW - W2 32580:Fermentation and process engineering KW - W4 320:Cell Culture & Batch Fermentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18714641?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.atitle=A+facile+reactor+process+for+producing+7%2C10-dihydroxy-8%28E%29-octadecenoic+acid+from+oleic+acid+conversion+by+Pseudomonas+aeruginosa&rft.au=Kuo%2C+T+M%3BRay%2C+K+J%3BManthey%2C+L+K&rft.aulast=Kuo&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.issn=01415492&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Crystallization; Bioreactors; Agitation; Dissolved oxygen; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dietary influences on terpenoids sequestered by the biological control agent Oxyops vitiosa: effect of plant volatiles from different Melaleuca quinquenervia chemotypes and laboratory host species AN - 18703036; 5595787 AB - The weevil Oxyops vitiosa is an Australian species imported to Florida, USA, for the biological control of the invasive species Melaleuca quinquenervia. The larvae of this species feed on the leaves of their host and produce a shiny orange secretion that covers their integument. Previous results indicated that a major component of this secretion, viridiflorol, is sequestered from the host plant and repels a generalist predator, the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta. When the larvae fed on a different chemotype of M. quinquenervia, which lacked viridiflorol but was rich in a different sesquiterpene, (E)-nerolidol, similar protection occurred. Solvent washes of these larvae indicated that (E)-nerolidol was sequestered from M. quinquenervia leaves and repelled S. invicta workers when applied to dog food baits at physiological concentrations (17.5, 35.0, and 52.5 mu g/mg). Additionally, beta -caryophyllene also repelled S. invicta workers when applied to dog food baits at concentrations that approximated those in the O. vitiosa larval secretions (3.5 and 35 mu g/mg). When the O. vitiosa larvae were fed leaves from laboratory hosts (nonfield hosts), similar repellent activity was found. This activity was traced to several of the same compounds (e.g., 1,8-cineole, viridiflorol) found to be active in their field host M. quinquenervia. These weevil larvae are opportunistic, sequestering the primary terpenoids in their host leaves that confer antipredator activity. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Wheeler, G S AU - Massey, L M AU - Southwell, IA AD - USDA/ARS Invasive Plant Research Lab, 3205 College Avenue, Ft Lauderdale, Florida 33314, USA, wheelerg@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 189 EP - 208 VL - 29 IS - 1 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Bottle brush tree KW - Coleoptera KW - Curculionidae KW - Weevils KW - laboratories KW - terpenoids KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18703036?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Variations+in+levels+of+acid+phosphatase+in+chicken+whole+leg+meat&rft.au=Jones%3BFletcher%2C+D+L%3BLyon%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lactic acid production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing a Rhizopus oryzae lactate dehydrogenase gene AN - 18701082; 5584820 AB - This work demonstrates the first example of a fungal lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) expressed in yeast. A L(+)-LDH gene, ldhA, from the filamentous fungus Rhizopus oryzae was modified to be expressed under control of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae adh1 promoter and terminator and then placed in a 2 mu -containing yeast-replicating plasmid. The resulting construct, pLdhA68X, was transformed and tested by fermentation analyses in haploid and diploid yeast containing similar genetic backgrounds. Both recombinant strains utilized 92 g glucose/l in approximately 30 h. The diploid isolate accumulated approximately 40% more lactic acid with a final concentration of 38 g lactic acid/l and a yield of 0.44 g lactic acid/g glucose. The optimal pH for lactic acid production by the diploid strain was pH 5. LDH activity in this strain remained relatively constant at 1.5 units/mg protein throughout the fermentation. The majority of carbon was still diverted to the ethanol fermentation pathway, as indicated by ethanol yields between 0.25-0.33 g/g glucose. S. cerevisiae mutants impaired in ethanol production were transformed with pLdhA68X in an attempt to increase the lactic acid yield by minimizing the conversion of pyruvate to ethanol. Mutants with diminished pyruvate decarboxylase activity and mutants with disrupted alcohol dehydrogenase activity did result in transformants with diminished ethanol production. However, the efficiency of lactic acid production also decreased. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Skory, C D AD - Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA Agricultural Research Service, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA, skorycd@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 22 EP - 27 VL - 30 IS - 1 SN - 1367-5435, 1367-5435 KW - budding yeast KW - ethanol KW - gene expression KW - lactic acid KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - A 01002:Acids, amino acids, peptides & proteins KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 320:Cell Culture & Batch Fermentation KW - W2 32360:Organic acids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18701082?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Lactic+acid+production+by+Saccharomyces+cerevisiae+expressing+a+Rhizopus+oryzae+lactate+dehydrogenase+gene&rft.au=Skory%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Skory&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=22&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10295-002-0004-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10295-002-0004-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - High Dietary Fructose Compared With Corn Starch Does Not Heighten Changes in Copper Absorption, Retention, or Status Indicators in Men Fed Low Dietary Copper AN - 18690290; 5581456 AB - In experimental animals, high dietary fructose exacerbates signs of copper deficiency in rats. Thus, an experiment was performed to determine whether high dietary fructose affected copper metabolism and copper status indicators in healthy men who were fed low dietary copper. Six men aged 27 to 37 years completed a metabolic unit study divided into four 7-week dietary periods with a randomized, double-blind, 2 x 2 factorial design with variables of 0.6 or 2.6 mg Cu/2500 kcal and fructose or corn starch as 20% of energy. Twice during each dietary period the men consumed a standardized breakfast meal labeled with 2.5 mu Ci super(67)Cu, then were counted daily in a whole-body counter for 3 weeks after each meal. At the end of each dietary period, blood was collected to assess copper status. Neither type of dietary carbohydrate nor intake of copper significantly affected super(67)Cu absorption, but copper deprivation resulted in a negative copper balance. The source of dietary carbohydrate did not affect the biological half-life of copper, but it was significantly (P < 0.001) longer when dietary copper was low (35 plus or minus 11 d; mean plus or minus SD) than when supplemented (20 plus or minus 5 days). The natural log of the biological half-life directly correlated with plasma copper (r = 0.498; P = 0.001) and immunoreactive, or radial immunodiffusion, ceruloplasmin (RID Cp; r = 0.394; P = 0.013), and was inversely related to glutathione (r = -0.510, P = 0.03). When high dietary fructose was fed, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity and RID Cp was lower, and the enzymatic ceruloplasmin/RID Cp ratio was higher during copper depletion than during repletion; just the opposite occurred when corn starch was fed. No other copper status indicator was affected by an interaction between dietary carbohydrate and copper or was heightened by high dietary fructose. The results indicate that men fed approximately 0.6 mg Cu/d for 7 weeks attempted to adapt to this low intake by retaining absorbed copper longer. The adaptation was inadequate because copper balance became negative. However, although copper status was decreased, the response of men to short-term dietary copper deprivation was not heightened by high dietary fructose. JF - Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine AU - Milne, D B AU - Nielsen, F H AD - USDA, ARS, GFHNRC, P.O. Box 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9034, USA, fnielsen@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 27 EP - 38 VL - 16 IS - 1 SN - 0896-548X, 0896-548X KW - absorption KW - corn starch KW - man KW - retention KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24163:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18690290?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Trace+Elements+in+Experimental+Medicine&rft.atitle=High+Dietary+Fructose+Compared+With+Corn+Starch+Does+Not+Heighten+Changes+in+Copper+Absorption%2C+Retention%2C+or+Status+Indicators+in+Men+Fed+Low+Dietary+Copper&rft.au=Milne%2C+D+B%3BNielsen%2C+F+H&rft.aulast=Milne&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Trace+Elements+in+Experimental+Medicine&rft.issn=0896548X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fjtra.10021 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jtra.10021 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mechanisms employed by Trichoderma species in the biological control of plant diseases: The history and evolution of current concepts AN - 18668845; 5568754 AB - Fungal species belonging to the genus Trichoderma are worldwide in occurrence and easily isolated from soil, decaying wood, and other forms of plant organic matter. They are, for the most part, classified as imperfect fungi, in that they have no known sexual stage. Rapid growth rate in culture and the production of numerous spores (conidia) that are varying shades of green characterize fungi in this genus. The reverse side of colonies is often uncolored, buff, yellow, amber, or yellow-green, and many species produce prodigious quantities of thick-walled spores (chlamydospores) in submerged mycelium (8). The potential of Trichoderma species as bio-control agents of plant diseases was first recognized in the early 1930s (31), and in subsequent years, control of many diseases has been added to the list (1,3,5,7,9,11,19,23,29,34,37,40). This has culminated in the commercial production of several Trichoderma species for the protection and growth enhancement of a number of crops in the United States (24), and in the production of Trichoderma species and mixtures of species in India, Israel, New Zealand, and Sweden (D. R. Fravel, personal communication). JF - Plant Disease AU - Howell, C R AD - USDA/ARS Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, 2765 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA, chowell@cpru.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 4 EP - 10 VL - 87 IS - 1 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18668845?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Mechanisms+employed+by+Trichoderma+species+in+the+biological+control+of+plant+diseases%3A+The+history+and+evolution+of+current+concepts&rft.au=Howell%2C+C+R&rft.aulast=Howell&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=4&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - GrainGenes, the genome database for small-grain crops AN - 18667179; 5561636 AB - GrainGenes, http://www.graingenes.org, is the international database for the wheat, barley, rye and oat genomes. For these species it is the primary repository for information about genetic maps, mapping probes and primers, genes, alleles and QTLs. Documentation includes such data as primer sequences, polymorphism descriptions, genotype and trait scoring data, experimental protocols used, and photographs of marker polymorphisms, disease symptoms and mutant phenotypes. These data, curated with the help of many members of the research community, are integrated with sequence and bibliographic records selected from external databases and results of BLAST searches of the ESTs. Records are linked to corresponding records in other important databases, e.g. Gramene's EST homologies to rice BAC/PACs, TIGR's Gene Indices and GenBank. In addition to this information within the GrainGenes database itself, the GrainGenes homepage at http://wheat.pw.usda.gov provides many other community resources including publications (the annual newsletters for wheat, barley and oat, monographs and articles), individual datasets (mapping and QTL studies, polymorphism surveys, variety performance evaluations), specialized databases (Triticeae repeat sequences, EST unigene sets) and pages to facilitate coordination of cooperative research efforts in specific areas such as SNP development, EST-SSRs and taxonomy. The goal is to serve as a central point for obtaining and contributing information about the genetics and biology of these cereal crops. JF - Nucleic Acids Research AU - Matthews, DE AU - Carollo, V L AU - Lazo, G R AU - Anderson, O D AD - USDA-ARS, Department of Plant Breeding, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850-1901, USA, matthews@greengenes.cit.cornell.edu Y1 - 2003/01/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jan 01 SP - 183 EP - 186 VL - 31 IS - 1 SN - 0305-1048, 0305-1048 KW - Barley KW - Expressed sequence tags KW - GrainGenes KW - P1 artificial chromosomes KW - Rye KW - Wheat KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - N 14100:Reviews KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 350:Bioinformatics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18667179?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nucleic+Acids+Research&rft.atitle=GrainGenes%2C+the+genome+database+for+small-grain+crops&rft.au=Matthews%2C+DE%3BCarollo%2C+V+L%3BLazo%2C+G+R%3BAnderson%2C+O+D&rft.aulast=Matthews&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nucleic+Acids+Research&rft.issn=03051048&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Resistance of Geneva and other apple rootstocks to Erwinia amylovora AN - 18665652; 5568755 AB - When vigorously growing shoots of 49 different apple rootstocks grown in a greenhouse were inoculated with different strains of Erwinia amylovora, Budagovsky 9 (B.9), Ottawa 3, Malling 9, and Malling 26 were the most fire blight susceptible rootstocks and Geneva 11, Geneva 65, Geneva 16, Geneva 30, Pillnitzer Au51-11, Malling 7, and several breeding selections were the most resistant. Significant strain-rootstock interactions were observed in the amount of fire blight that resulted from inoculation. Field-grown fruiting 'Royal Gala' trees on Geneva 16 and Geneva 30 rootstocks were highly resistant to rootstock infection (no tree mortality) when trees sustained severe blossom infection with E. amylovora, compared with Malling 9 and Malling 26 rootstock clones, which were highly susceptible to infection (36 to 100% tree mortality). In contrast to potted own-rooted B.9 plants inoculated in a greenhouse, B.9 rootstocks of orchard trees appeared resistant to rootstock infection (0% tree mortality). Orchard trees on Geneva 11 were moderately resistant to rootstock infection (25% tree mortality). There was general agreement in the evaluation of resistance under orchard conditions when rootstock resistance was evaluated in relation to controlled blossom inoculation or to natural blossom infection. JF - Plant Disease AU - Norelli, J L AU - Holleran, H T AU - Johnson, W C AU - Robinson, T L AU - Aldwinckle, H S AD - USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA, jnorelli@afrs.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 26 EP - 32 VL - 87 IS - 1 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18665652?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Resistance+of+Geneva+and+other+apple+rootstocks+to+Erwinia+amylovora&rft.au=Norelli%2C+J+L%3BHolleran%2C+H+T%3BJohnson%2C+W+C%3BRobinson%2C+T+L%3BAldwinckle%2C+H+S&rft.aulast=Norelli&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=26&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Virulence of Rhizoctonia oryzae on wheat and barley cultivars from the Pacific Northwest AN - 18663972; 5568757 AB - Rhizoctonia oryzae (teleomorph = Waitea circinata) causes sheath spot of rice and root rot of wheat and barley. R. oryzae commonly is isolated from barley, wheat, and pea plants in eastern Washington and Idaho. Eight representative isolates were tested for virulence on spring barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Baronesse), soft white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Madsen), and hard red spring wheat (cv. Scarlet) planted in natural soil in the greenhouse and maintained at 16 degree C. All isolates caused significant reduction of emergence in barley, but only seven of the eight isolates and one of the eight isolates reduced emergence of winter wheat and spring wheat, respectively. All isolates caused significant stunting and reduction in the number of seminal roots, root length, and number of root tips on wheat and barley. Some isolates also reduced the frequency of fine secondary roots, resulting in a reduction of the average root diameter. Spring barley was more susceptible to R. oryzae than winter or spring wheat. The main effects of both cultivar and isolate were significant, and there was a significant isolate-cultivar interaction. R. oryzae isolate 80042 was the most virulent on barley, whereas R. oryzae isolate 801387 was the most virulent on wheat. The two isolates from pea were intermediate in virulence on wheat and barley. When screening germ plasm for potential resistance, isolates exhibiting the maximum virulence for each host should be used. JF - Plant Disease AU - Paulitz, T C AU - Smith, J D AU - Kidwell, K K AD - USDA-ARS, Root Disease and Biological Control Lab, Washington State University, Pullman 99164-6420, WA, USA, paulitz@wsu.edu Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 51 EP - 55 VL - 87 IS - 1 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Barley KW - Wheat KW - sheath spot KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18663972?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Virulence+of+Rhizoctonia+oryzae+on+wheat+and+barley+cultivars+from+the+Pacific+Northwest&rft.au=Paulitz%2C+T+C%3BSmith%2C+J+D%3BKidwell%2C+K+K&rft.aulast=Paulitz&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Data Analysis for Quantitative Comparison of Microbial Communities AN - 18655542; 5563110 AB - Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) is a culture- independent method of obtaining a genetic fingerprint of the composition of a microbial community. Comparisons of the utility of different methods of (i) including peaks, (ii) computing the difference (or distance) between profiles, and (iii) performing statistical analysis were made by using replicated profiles of eubacterial communities. These samples included soil collected from three regions of the United States, soil fractions derived from three agronomic field treatments, soil samples taken from within one meter of each other in an alfalfa field, and replicate laboratory bioreactors. Cluster analysis by Ward's method and by the unweighted-pair group method using arithmetic averages (UPGMA) were compared. Ward's method was more effective at differentiating major groups within sets of profiles; UPGMA had a slightly reduced error rate in clustering of replicate profiles and was more sensitive to outliers. Most replicate profiles were clustered together when relative peak height or Hellinger- transformed peak height was used, in contrast to raw peak height. Redundancy analysis was more effective than cluster analysis at detecting differences between similar samples. Redundancy analysis using Hellinger distance was more sensitive than that using Euclidean distance between relative peak height profiles. Analysis of Jaccard distance between profiles, which considers only the presence or absence of a terminal restriction fragment, was the most sensitive in redundancy analysis, and was equally sensitive in cluster analysis, if all profiles had cumulative peak heights greater than 10,000 fluorescence units. It is concluded that T-RFLP is a sensitive method of differentiating between microbial communities when the optimal statistical method is used for the situation at hand. It is recommended that hypothesis testing be performed by redundancy analysis of Hellinger-transformed data and that exploratory data analysis be performed by cluster analysis using Ward's method to find natural groups or by UPGMA to identify potential outliers. Analyses can also be based on Jaccard distance if all profiles have cumulative peak heights greater than 10,000 fluorescence units. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Blackwood, C B AU - Marsh, T AU - Kim, S AU - Paul, E A AD - Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Bldg. 001 Rm. 140, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, blackwoc@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 926 EP - 932 VL - 69 IS - 2 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Hellinger-transformed data KW - Ward's method KW - bacteria KW - enumeration KW - profiles KW - statistics KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18655542?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Terminal+Restriction+Fragment+Length+Polymorphism+Data+Analysis+for+Quantitative+Comparison+of+Microbial+Communities&rft.au=Blackwood%2C+C+B%3BMarsh%2C+T%3BKim%2C+S%3BPaul%2C+E+A&rft.aulast=Blackwood&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=926&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.69.2.926-932.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.2.926-932.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development and characterization of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and their use in determining relationships among Lycopersicon esculentum cultivars AN - 18641371; 5554341 AB - The simple sequence repeat (SSR) or microsatellite marker is currently the preferred molecular marker due to its highly desirable properties. The aim of this study was to develop and characterize more SSR markers because the number of SSR markers currently available in tomato is very limited. Five hundred DNA sequences of tomato were searched for SSRs and analyzed for the design of PCR primers. Of the 158 pairs of SSR primers screened against a set of 19 diverse tomato cultivars, 129 pairs produced the expected DNA fragments in their PCR products, and 65 of them were polymorphic with the polymorphism information content (PIC) ranging from 0.09 to 0.67. Among the polymorphic loci, 2-6 SSR alleles were detected for each locus with an average of 2.7 alleles per locus; 49.2% of these loci had two alleles and 33.8% had three alleles. The vast majority (93.8%) of the microsatellite loci contained di- or tri-nucleotide repeats and only 6.2% had tetra- and penta-nucleotide repeats. It was also found that TA/AT was the most frequent type of repeat, and the polymorphism information content (PIC) was positively correlated with the number of repeats. The set of 19 tomato cultivars were clustered based on the banding patterns generated by the 65 polymorphic SSR loci. Since the markers developed in this study are primarily from expressed sequences, they can be used not only for molecular mapping, cultivar identification and marker-assisted selection, but for identifying gene-trait relations in tomato. JF - Theoretical and Applied Genetics AU - He, C AU - Poysa, V AU - Yu, K AD - Greenhouse and Processing Crops Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Harrow, ON N0R 1G0, Canada, hec@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 363 EP - 373 PB - Springer-Verlag, [URL:http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00122/bibs/3106 002/31060363.htm] VL - 106 IS - 2 SN - 0040-5752, 0040-5752 KW - Simple sequence repeats KW - tomato KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - G 07354:Dicotyledons (crops) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 310:Agricultural Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18641371?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Theoretical+and+Applied+Genetics&rft.atitle=Development+and+characterization+of+simple+sequence+repeat+%28SSR%29+markers+and+their+use+in+determining+relationships+among+Lycopersicon+esculentum+cultivars&rft.au=He%2C+C%3BPoysa%2C+V%3BYu%2C+K&rft.aulast=He&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=363&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Theoretical+and+Applied+Genetics&rft.issn=00405752&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00122-002-1076-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00122-002-1076-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conservation genetics of the fisher (Martes pennanti ) based on mitochondrial DNA sequencing AN - 18641227; 5544887 AB - Translocation of animals to re-establish extirpated populations or to maintain declining ones has often been carried out without genetic information on source or target populations, or adequate consideration of the potential effects of mixing genetic stocks. We consider the conservation status of the fisher (Martes pennanti) and evaluate the potential genetic consequences of past and future translocations on this medium-sized carnivore by examining population variation in mitochondrial control-region sequences. We sampled populations throughout the fisher's range in North America including five populations unaffected by translocations and two western populations that had received long-distance translocations. Twelve haplotypes showed little sequence divergence. Haplotype frequencies differed significantly among subspecies and between populations within subspecies. Analysis of molecular variance (amova) and neighbour-joining analyses of haplotype relationships revealed population subdivision similar to current subspecies designations, but which may reflect an isolation-by-distance pattern. Populations in Oregon and in Montana and Idaho received several translocations and each showed greater similarity to the populations where translocations originated than to adjacent populations. Additional sequences obtained from museum specimens collected prior to any translocations suggest historical gene flow among populations in British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and California. Anthropogenic impacts in that region have greatly reduced and isolated extant populations in Oregon and California. Future translocations may be necessary to recover populations in Washington and portions of Oregon and California; our results indicate that British Columbia would be the most appropriate source population. JF - Molecular Ecology AU - Drew, R E AU - Hallett, J G AU - Aubry, K B AU - Cullings, K W AU - Koepf, S M AU - Zielinski, W J AD - School of Biological Sciences, Box 644236, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Olympia, WA 98512, USA, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA, Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, USA, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Arcata, CA 95521 USA, hallett@wsu.edu Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 51 EP - 62 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 12 IS - 1 SN - 0962-1083, 0962-1083 KW - Fisher KW - Ecology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - G 07405:Carnivora KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18641227?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Ecology&rft.atitle=Conservation+genetics+of+the+fisher+%28Martes+pennanti+%29+based+on+mitochondrial+DNA+sequencing&rft.au=Drew%2C+R+E%3BHallett%2C+J+G%3BAubry%2C+K+B%3BCullings%2C+K+W%3BKoepf%2C+S+M%3BZielinski%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Drew&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Ecology&rft.issn=09621083&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-294X.2003.01715.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01715.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of subtherapeutic concentrations of tylosin on the inhibitory stringency of a mixed anaerobe continuous-flow culture of chicken microflora against Escherichia coli O157:H7 AN - 18638532; 5544938 AB - Aims: The aim of this study was twofold: first to determine the effect of subtherapeutic concentrations of tylosin, a macrolide antibiotic used for growth promotion, on a mixed anaerobic continuous-flow fermentation culture of chicken gastrointestinal microorganisms (CCF) and secondly, to determine if these concentrations would allow persistence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in CCF. Methods and Results: CCF was treated with tylosin at 10.0, 20.0 and 40.0 mu g ml super(-1). Tylosin treatment resulted in a significant (P < 0.0001) decrease in total volatile fatty acids (VFAs) from a mean concentration of 101 plus or minus 10.8 mu mol ml super(-1) in control cultures to 32.0 plus or minus 6.3 and 40.2 plus or minus 9.6 mu mol ml super(-1) in 10 and 40 mu g ml super(-1) treated cultures, respectively. Untreated CCF challenged with E. coli O157:H7 cleared the challenge microorganism in 7 days at a rate of 0.96 log sub(10) CFU ml super(-1) day super(-1). In contrast, E. coli O157:H7 persisted in all tylosin treated cultures. Conclusions: In the presence of tylosin, E. coli O157:H7 was able to persist in the CCF culture. The significant decrease in the production of VFAs may have been a contributing factor. Significance and Impact of the Study: The use of low-level, growth-promoting antimicrobials may compromise the ability of normal microflora that serve as a natural host defence against infection. JF - Journal of Applied Microbiology AU - Poole, T AU - Genovese, K AU - Knape, K AU - Callaway, T AU - Bischoff, K AU - Nisbet, D AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, College Station Texas, USA, poole@ffsru.tamu.edu Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 73 EP - 79 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 94 IS - 1 SN - 1364-5072, 1364-5072 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18638532?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+subtherapeutic+concentrations+of+tylosin+on+the+inhibitory+stringency+of+a+mixed+anaerobe+continuous-flow+culture+of+chicken+microflora+against+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7&rft.au=Poole%2C+T%3BGenovese%2C+K%3BKnape%2C+K%3BCallaway%2C+T%3BBischoff%2C+K%3BNisbet%2C+D&rft.aulast=Poole&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=13645072&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2672.2003.01802.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.01802.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Functional convergence in plant responses to the environment AN - 18638481; 5540553 AB - Much comparative ecophysiological research has focused on contrasting species-specific behavior or ecological strategies with regard to regulation of basic physiological processes such as transpiration, photosynthesis and growth, leading to an emphasis on divergence rather than convergence in plant functioning. This review highlights selected examples in which substantial functional convergence among taxonomically, phylogenetically and architecturally diverse species has been revealed by applying appropriate scaling factors and identifying universal constraints or trade-offs. Recent empirical and theoretical scaling models emphasize the strong role that plant size, architecture, allometry and chemistry play in constraining functional traits related to water and carbon economy and growth. Taken together, the findings summarized here strongly suggest that there are a limited number of physiological solutions to a given problem of plant adaptation to the environment. Comparative ecophysiological studies will therefore benefit from consideration of the constraints that plant anatomical, structural and chemical attributes place on physiological functioning. JF - Oecologia AU - Meinzer, F I AD - USDA Forest Service, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA, fmeinzer@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Springer-Verlag, [URL:http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00442/bibs/3134 001/31340001.htm] VL - 134 IS - 1 SN - 0029-8549, 0029-8549 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04625:Plants - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18638481?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oecologia&rft.atitle=Functional+convergence+in+plant+responses+to+the+environment&rft.au=Meinzer%2C+F+I&rft.aulast=Meinzer&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=134&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oecologia&rft.issn=00298549&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00442-002-1088-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-002-1088-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cognitive deficits induced by super(56)Fe radiation exposure AN - 18638376; 5552114 AB - Exposing rats to particles of high energy and charge (e.g. super(56)Fe) disrupts neuronal systems and the behaviors mediated by them; these adverse behavioral and neuronal effects are similar to those seen in aged animals. Because cognition declines with age, and our previous study showed that radiation disrupted Morris water maze spatial learning and memory performance, the present study used an 8-arm radial maze (RAM) to further test the cognitive behavioral consequences of radiation exposure. Control rats or rats exposed to whole-body irradiation with 1.0 Gy of 1 GeV/n high-energy super(56)Fe particles (delivered at the alternating gradient synchrotron at Brookhaven National Laboratory) were tested nine months following exposure. Radiation adversely affected RAM performance, and the changes seen parallel those of aging. Irradiated animals entered baited arms during the first 4 choices significantly less than did controls, produced their first error sooner, and also tended to make more errors as measured by re-entries into non-baited arms. These results show that irradiation with high-energy particles produces age-like decrements in cognitive behavior that may impair the ability of astronauts to perform critical tasks during long-term space travel beyond the magnetosphere. JF - Advances in Space Research AU - Shukitt-Hale, B AU - Casadesus, G AU - Cantuti-Castelvetri, I AU - Rabin, B M AU - Joseph, JA AD - USDA-ARS, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 119 EP - 126 VL - 31 IS - 1 SN - 0273-1177, 0273-1177 KW - rats KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24210:Radiation & radioactive materials KW - M2 52:C. Astrophysics (52) KW - M2 551.521.6:Cosmic (551.521.6) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18638376?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+Space+Research&rft.atitle=Cognitive+deficits+induced+by+super%2856%29Fe+radiation+exposure&rft.au=Shukitt-Hale%2C+B%3BCasadesus%2C+G%3BCantuti-Castelvetri%2C+I%3BRabin%2C+B+M%3BJoseph%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Shukitt-Hale&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+Space+Research&rft.issn=02731177&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0273-1177%2802%2900878-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00878-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of termites and straw mulch on soil nitrogen in a creosotebush (Larrea tridentata) dominated Chihuahuan desert ecosystem AN - 18633055; 5539549 AB - The effects of organic matter (wheat straw) and subterranean termites on concentrations of soil nitrogen were measured on insecticide-treated plots to eliminate-termites and by adding straw mulch to insecticide-treated and insecticide-untreated plots. Soil nitrogen was significantly higher, 435 mg g super(-1) soil at 0-5 cm depth on plots with no termites than on plots with termites (340 mg g super(-1) soil). There were no differences in total soil nitrogen at soil depths of 5-10 cm. Soil nitrogen was higher in soils with termites than in soils with termites excluded on straw-amended plots. On the plots without straw amendments, total soil nitrogen was higher in soils without termites than in soils with termites present. Termites had no significant effect on total soil nitrogen under shrub canopies in comparison with intercanopy soils. The addition of straw mulch did not result in higher soil nitrogen content in soils without termites. Termites were more important as effectors of soil nitrogen than addition of organic matter in the form of wheat straw. Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. JF - Journal of Arid Environments AU - Brown, M F AU - Whitford, W G AD - USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, MSC 3JER, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, N M, 88003, U.S.A. Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 15 EP - 20 PB - Academic Press VL - 53 IS - 1 SN - 0140-1963, 0140-1963 KW - Isoptera KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05209:Soil entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18633055?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Arid+Environments&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+termites+and+straw+mulch+on+soil+nitrogen+in+a+creosotebush+%28Larrea+tridentata%29+dominated+Chihuahuan+desert+ecosystem&rft.au=Brown%2C+M+F%3BWhitford%2C+W+G&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Arid+Environments&rft.issn=01401963&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fjare.2002.1031 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jare.2002.1031 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Attachment of Listeria monocytogenes to Radish Tissue Is Dependent upon Temperature and Flagellar Motility AN - 18631483; 5540141 AB - Outbreaks of listeriosis and febrile gastroenteritis have been linked to produce contamination by Listeria monocytogenes. In order to begin to understand the physiology of the organism in a produce habitat, the ability of L. monocytogenes to attach to freshly cut radish tissue was examined. All strains tested had the capacity to attach sufficiently well such that they could not be removed during washing of the radish slices. A screen was developed to identify Tn917-LTV3 mutants that were defective in attachment to radish tissue, and three were characterized. Two of the three mutations were in genes with unknown functions. Both of the unknown genes mapped to a region predicted to contain genes necessary for flagellar export; however, only one of the two insertions caused a motility defect. The third insertion was found to be in an operon encoding a phosphoenolpyruvate-sugar phosphotransferase system. All three mutants were defective in attachment when tested at 30 degree C; the motility mutant had the most severe phenotype. However, not all of the mutants were defective when tested at other temperatures. These results indicate that L. monocytogenes may use different attachment factors at different temperatures and that temperature should be considered an important variable in studies of the molecular mechanisms of Listeria fitness in complex environments. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Gorski, L AU - Palumbo, J D AU - Mandrell, R E AD - USDA, ARS, WRRC, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, lgorski@pw.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 258 EP - 266 VL - 69 IS - 1 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02721:Cell cycle, morphology and motility UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18631483?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Attachment+of+Listeria+monocytogenes+to+Radish+Tissue+Is+Dependent+upon+Temperature+and+Flagellar+Motility&rft.au=Gorski%2C+L%3BPalumbo%2C+J+D%3BMandrell%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Gorski&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=258&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.69.1.258-266.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.1.258-266.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Novel Viral Disease Control Strategy: Adenovirus Expressing Alpha Interferon Rapidly Protects Swine from Foot-and-Mouth Disease AN - 18631410; 5540045 AB - We have previously shown that replication of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is highly sensitive to alpha/beta interferon (IFN-[alpha]/ beta ). In the present study, we constructed recombinant, replication-defective human adenovirus type 5 vectors containing either porcine IFN-[alpha] or IFN- beta (Ad5- pIFN[alpha] or Ad5-pIFN beta ). We demonstrated that cells infected with these viruses express high levels of biologically active IFN. Swine inoculated with 10 PFU of a control Ad5 virus lacking the IFN gene and challenged 24 h later with FMDV developed typical signs of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), including fever, vesicular lesions, and viremia. In contrast, swine inoculated with 10 PFU of Ad5-pIFN[alpha] were completely protected when challenged 24 h later with FMDV. These animals showed no clinical signs of FMD and no viremia and did not develop antibodies against viral nonstructural proteins, suggesting that complete protection from infection was achieved. JF - Journal of Virology AU - Chinsangaram, J AU - Moraes, M P AU - Koster, M AU - Grubman, MJ AD - Plum Island Animal Disease Center, USDA, ARS, NAA, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944, mgrubman@piadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 1621 EP - 1625 VL - 77 IS - 2 SN - 0022-538X, 0022-538X KW - man KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - W2 32365:Vaccines KW - V 22098:Immunization: Vaccines & vaccination: Animal KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18631410?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Virology&rft.atitle=Novel+Viral+Disease+Control+Strategy%3A+Adenovirus+Expressing+Alpha+Interferon+Rapidly+Protects+Swine+from+Foot-and-Mouth+Disease&rft.au=Chinsangaram%2C+J%3BMoraes%2C+M+P%3BKoster%2C+M%3BGrubman%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Chinsangaram&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=1621&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Virology&rft.issn=0022538X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJVI.77.2.1621-1625.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.77.2.1621-1625.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The understory and overstory partitioning of energy and water fluxes in an open canopy, semiarid woodland AN - 18631357; 5543537 AB - Eddy flux studies have traditionally focused on total ecosystem exchanges of energy and water by making measurements in the well-mixed surface layer, but this approach does not provide information about the partitioning of the total ecosystem fluxes between overstory and understory sources and sinks. In more open canopy environments, information about partitioning of fluxes is often required in order to understand the relative importance and functioning of key ecosystem components and their response to climate forcing. In this paper, we present results from a series of experiments carried out in a riparian mesquite (Prosopis velutina) woodland. Three eddy covariance systems were deployed before, during, and after the onset of the summer rainy season to measure energy and water fluxes. One eddy covariance system was installed on a tower to measure whole ecosystem fluxes. The other two were installed at a height of 2 m, one in a relatively closed understory patch and the other in a more open understory patch. Our results indicate that the understory and overstory moisture sources were mostly decoupled. The trees apparently had access to deep moisture sources, and thus, their water use was relatively insensitive to local precipitation. In contrast, the contribution of the understory to the total ecosystem fluxes was highly variable due to the presence or absence of near-surface soil moisture. JF - Agricultural and Forest Meteorology AU - Scott, R L AU - Watts, C AU - Payan, J G AU - Edwards, E AU - Goodrich, D C AU - Williams, D AU - Shuttleworth, W J AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 E. Allen Road, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA, rscott@tucson.ars.ag.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 127 EP - 139 VL - 114 IS - 3-4 SN - 0168-1923, 0168-1923 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Ecosystems KW - Turbulent fluxes in forests KW - Tree ecology KW - Energy flux KW - M2 551.551.8:Turbulent diffusion of momentum, heat, water vapour and aerosols (551.551.8) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18631357?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+and+Forest+Meteorology&rft.atitle=The+understory+and+overstory+partitioning+of+energy+and+water+fluxes+in+an+open+canopy%2C+semiarid+woodland&rft.au=Scott%2C+R+L%3BWatts%2C+C%3BPayan%2C+J+G%3BEdwards%2C+E%3BGoodrich%2C+D+C%3BWilliams%2C+D%3BShuttleworth%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+and+Forest+Meteorology&rft.issn=01681923&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0168-1923%2802%2900197-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Turbulent fluxes in forests; Ecosystems; Tree ecology; Energy flux DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1923(02)00197-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Magnitude and frequency of landsliding in a large New Zealand catchment AN - 18630582; 5531716 AB - Knowledge of long-term average rates of erosion is necessary if factors affecting sediment yields from catchments are to be understood. Without such information, it is not possible to assess the potential influence of extreme storms, and, therefore, to evaluate the relative importance of various components of a sediment budget. A study of the sediment budget for the Waipaoa catchment, North Island, New Zealand, included evaluation of long-term rates of landsliding for six landslide-prone land systems in the catchment. The number of landslides per unit area generated by each of several storms was counted on sequential aerial photographs and correlated with the magnitude of the corresponding storm. The resulting relationships were combined with magnitude-frequency relationships derived for storms from 70- to 100-year rainfall records in the area to estimate a long-term magnitude-frequency relationship for landsliding for each land system. The long-term average values of the areal landslide frequency (number of slides per unit area per unit time) were then calculated from these relationships. The volumes of a sample of landslide scars were measured in the field, and the proportion of slides that deliver sediment to channels was determined from aerial photographs. These measurements then allowed calculation of the long-term average rate of sediment production to streams from landslides for different land systems and types of vegetation. Results suggest that shallow landslides currently contribute about 15 plus or minus 5% of the suspended sediment load in the Waipaoa River above the Kanakanaia gauging station, and that 75% of the sediment production from the landslides occurs during storms with recurrence intervals of less than 27 years. Reforestation of 6.3% (93 km super(2)) of the slide-prone lands in the catchment between 1990 and 1995 resulted in a calculated decrease in slide-derived sediment of 10%. Calculations suggest that reforestation of an additional 3% (66 km super(2)) of the catchment in areas with the most sensitive combinations of land system and storm regime could decrease the total sediment inputs from landsliding by about 20%. JF - Geomorphology AU - Reid, L M AU - Page, MJ AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Arcata, CA, USA, lmr7001@axe.humboldt.edu Y1 - 2003/01/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jan 01 SP - 71 EP - 88 VL - 49 IS - 1-2 SN - 0169-555X, 0169-555X KW - New Zealand, North I. KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Catchment area KW - Rivers KW - Aerial Photography KW - Catchment Areas KW - Aerial photography KW - Frequency Analysis KW - Storms KW - Reforestation KW - Sediments KW - Landslides KW - Erosion KW - Geomorphology KW - Sediment Yield KW - Correlation Analysis KW - Erosion Rates KW - Q2 09264:Sediments and sedimentation KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18630582?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geomorphology&rft.atitle=Magnitude+and+frequency+of+landsliding+in+a+large+New+Zealand+catchment&rft.au=Reid%2C+L+M%3BPage%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Reid&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geomorphology&rft.issn=0169555X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Landslides; Catchment area; Erosion; Geomorphology; Aerial photography; Sediments; Aerial Photography; Sediment Yield; Catchment Areas; Correlation Analysis; Erosion Rates; Frequency Analysis; Storms; Reforestation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Field Investigation of Bacillus anthracis Contamination of U.S. Department of Agriculture and Other Washington, D.C., Buildings during the Anthrax Attack of October 2001 AN - 18628268; 5540105 AB - In response to a bioterrorism attack in the Washington, D.C., area in October 2001, a mobile laboratory (ML) was set up in the city to conduct rapid molecular tests on environmental samples for the presence of Bacillus anthracis spores and to route samples for further culture analysis. The ML contained class I laminar-flow hoods, a portable autoclave, two portable real- time PCR devices (Ruggedized Advanced Pathogen Identification Device (RAPID)), and miscellaneous supplies and equipment to process samples. Envelopes and swab and air samples collected from 30 locations in the metropolitan area once every three days were subjected to visual examination and DNA extraction, followed by real-time PCR using freeze-dried, fluorescent-probe-based reagents. Surface swabs and air samples were also cultured for B. anthracis at the National Veterinary Service Laboratory (NVSL) in Ames, Iowa. From 24 October 2001 to 15 September 2002, 2,092 pieces of mail were examined, 405 real-time PCR assays were performed (comprising 4,639 samples), and at the NVSL 6,275 samples were subjected to over 18,000 platings. None of the PCR assays on DNA extracted from swab and air samples were positive, but viable spores were cultured from surface swabs taken from six locations in the metropolitan area in October, November, and December 2001 and February, March, and May 2002. DNA extracted from these suspected B. anthracis colonies was positive by real-time and conventional PCRs for the lethal factor, pXO1, and for capA and vrr genes; sequence analysis of the latter amplicons indicated >99% homology with the Ames, vollum, B6273-93, C93022281, and W-21 strains of B. anthracis, suggesting they arose from cross-contamination during the attack through the mail. The RAPID-based PCR analysis provided fast confirmation of suspect colonies from an overnight incubation on agar plates. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Higgins, JA AU - Cooper, M AU - Schroeder-Tucker, L AU - Black, S AU - Miller, D AU - Karns, J S AU - Manthey, E AU - Breeze, R AU - Perdue, M L AD - USDA-ARS, Bldg. 173, 10300 Baltimore Blvd., Beltsville, MD 20705, jhiggins@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 593 EP - 599 VL - 69 IS - 1 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - anthrax KW - bioterrorism KW - capA gene KW - lethal factor KW - nucleotide sequence KW - vrr gene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - W4 240:Bioterrorism & Biological Warfare KW - J 02704:Enumeration KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18628268?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=A+Field+Investigation+of+Bacillus+anthracis+Contamination+of+U.S.+Department+of+Agriculture+and+Other+Washington%2C+D.C.%2C+Buildings+during+the+Anthrax+Attack+of+October+2001&rft.au=Higgins%2C+JA%3BCooper%2C+M%3BSchroeder-Tucker%2C+L%3BBlack%2C+S%3BMiller%2C+D%3BKarns%2C+J+S%3BManthey%2C+E%3BBreeze%2C+R%3BPerdue%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Higgins&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=593&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.69.1.593-599.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.1.593-599.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optimal Growth and Ethanol Production from Xylose by Recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae Require Moderate D-Xylulokinase Activity AN - 18628210; 5540090 AB - D-Xylulokinase (XK) is essential for the metabolism of D-xylose in yeasts. However, overexpression of genes for XK, such as the Pichia stipitis XYL3 gene and the Saccharomyces cerevisiae XKS gene, can inhibit growth of S. cerevisiae on xylose. We varied the copy number and promoter strength of XYL3 or XKS1 to see how XK activity can affect xylose metabolism in S. cerevisiae. The S. cerevisiae genetic background included single integrated copies of P. stipitis XYL1 and XYL2 driven by the S. cerevisiae TDH1 promoter. Multicopy and single-copy constructs with either XYL3 or XKS1, likewise under control of the TDH1 promoter, or with the native P. stipitis promoter were introduced into the recombinant S. cerevisiae. In vitro enzymatic activity of XK increased with copy number and promoter strength. Overexpression of XYL3 and XKS1 inhibited growth on xylose but did not affect growth on glucose even though XK activities were three times higher in glucose-grown cells. Growth inhibition increased and ethanol yields from xylose decreased with increasing XK activity. Uncontrolled XK expression in recombinant S. cerevisiae is inhibitory in a manner analogous to the substrate-accelerated cell death observed with an S. cerevisiae tps1 mutant during glucose metabolism. To bypass this effect, we transformed cells with a tunable expression vector containing XYL3 under the control of its native promoter into the FPL-YS1020 strain and screened the transformants for growth on, and ethanol production from, xylose. The selected transformant had approximately four copies of XYL3 per haploid genome and had moderate XK activity. It converted xylose into ethanol efficiently. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Jin, Y AU - Ni, H AU - Laplaza, J M AU - Jeffries, T W AD - USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, WI 53705, twjeffri@facstaff.wisc.edu Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 495 EP - 503 VL - 69 IS - 1 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - budding yeast KW - ethanol KW - xylose KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - W2 32580:Fermentation and process engineering KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18628210?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Optimal+Growth+and+Ethanol+Production+from+Xylose+by+Recombinant+Saccharomyces+cerevisiae+Require+Moderate+D-Xylulokinase+Activity&rft.au=Jin%2C+Y%3BNi%2C+H%3BLaplaza%2C+J+M%3BJeffries%2C+T+W&rft.aulast=Jin&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=495&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.69.1.495-503.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.1.495-503.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Expression of L-Selectin (CD62L), CD44, and CD25 on Activated Bovine T Cells AN - 18627325; 5532513 AB - Mycobacterium bovis infection of cattle represents a natural host- pathogen interaction and, in addition to its economic and zoonotic impact, represents a model for human tuberculosis. Extravasation and trafficking of activated lymphocytes to inflammatory sites is modulated by differential expression of multiple surface adhesion molecules. However, effects of M. bovis infection on adhesion molecule expression have not been characterized. To determine these changes, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from M. bovis- infected cattle were stimulated with M. bovis purified protein derivative (PPD) or pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and evaluated concurrently for proliferation and activation marker expression. Stimulation with PPD or PWM increased CD25 and CD44 mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) and decreased CD62L MFI on CD4 super(+) cells from infected animals. CD62L MFI on PPD- and PWM-stimulated [gamma][delta] T- cell receptor-positive (TCR super(+)) and CD8 super(+) cells was also reduced compared to that of nonstimulated [gamma][delta] TCR super(+) and CD8 super(+) cells. Using a flow cytometry-based proliferation assay, it was determined that proliferating cells, regardless of lymphocyte subset, exhibited increased expression of CD25 and CD44 and decreased expression of CD62L compared to cells that had not proliferated. In contrast to proliferation, activation-induced apoptosis of CD4 super(+) cells resulted in a significant down regulation of CD44 expression. Lymphocytes obtained from lungs of M. bovis-infected cattle also had reduced expression of CD44 compared to lymphocytes from lungs of noninfected cattle. These alterations in surface molecule expression upon activation likely impact trafficking to sites of inflammation and the functional capacity of these cells within tuberculous granulomas. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Waters, W R AU - Rahner, TE AU - Palmer, M V AU - Cheng, D AU - Nonnecke, B J AU - Whipple, D L AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010-0070, rwaters@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 317 EP - 326 VL - 71 IS - 1 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - CD25 antigen KW - CD44 antigen KW - CD62L protein KW - L-selectin KW - cattle KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms KW - F 06756:Function UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18627325?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Expression+of+L-Selectin+%28CD62L%29%2C+CD44%2C+and+CD25+on+Activated+Bovine+T+Cells&rft.au=Waters%2C+W+R%3BRahner%2C+TE%3BPalmer%2C+M+V%3BCheng%2C+D%3BNonnecke%2C+B+J%3BWhipple%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Waters&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=317&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FIAI.71.1.317-326.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.71.1.317-326.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Affixing the O to Rubisco: discovering the source of photorespiratory glycolate and its regulation. AN - 1859499704; 16228565 AB - The source of glycolate in photorespiration and its control, a particularly active and controversial research topic in the 1970s, was resolved in large part by several discoveries and observations described here. George Bowes discovered that the key carboxylation enzyme Rubisco (ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) is competitively inhibited by O(2) and that O(2) substitutes for CO(2) in the initial 'dark' reaction of photosynthesis to yield glycolate-P, the substrate for photorespiration. William Laing derived an equation from basic enzyme kinetics that describes the CO(2), O(2), and temperature dependence of photosynthesis, photorespiration, and the CO(2) compensation point in C(3) plants. Jerome Servaites established that photosynthesis cannot be increased by inhibiting the photorespiratory pathway prior to the release of photorespiratory CO(2), andDouglas Jordan discovered substantial natural variation in the Rubisco oxygenase/carboxylase ratio. A mutant Arabidopsis plant with defective glycolate-P phosphatase, isolated by Chris Somerville, definitively established the role of O(2) and Rubisco in providing photorespiratory glycolate. Selection techniques to isolate photorespiration-deficient plants were devised by Jack Widholm and by Somerville, but no plants with reduced photorespiration were found. Somerville's approach, directed mutagenesis of Arabidopsis plants, was subsequently successful in the isolation of numerous other classes of mutants and revolutionized the science of plant biology. JF - Photosynthesis research AU - Ogren, William L AD - Formerly United States Department of Agriculture Scientist University of Illinois at Urbana, USA, ogren@hargray.com. Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 53 EP - 63 VL - 76 IS - 1-3 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1859499704?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Hatchability+of+eggs+sanitized+with+increasing+concentrations+of+BioSentry+904+or+Bio-Phene&rft.au=Bourassa%2C+D+V%3BBuhr%2C+R+J%3BWilson%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Bourassa&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2005-10-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rubisco activase - Rubisco's catalytic chaperone. AN - 1859492766; 16245090 AB - The current status of research on the structure, regulation, mechanism and importance of Rubisco activase is reviewed. The activase is now recognized to be a member of the AAA(+) family, whose members participate in macromolecular complexes that perform diverse chaperone-like functions. The conserved nucleotide-binding domain of AAA(+) family members appears to have a common fold that when applied to the activase is generally consistent with previous site-directed mutagenesis studies of the activase. Regulation of the activase in species containing both isoforms can occur via redox changes in the carboxy-terminus of the larger isoform, mediated by thioredoxin-f, which alters the response of activase to the ratio of ADP to ATP in the stroma. Studies of Rubisco activation in transgenic Arabidopsis plants demonstrated that light modulation is dependent on redox regulation of the larger isoform, providing a model for the regulation in other species. Further insights into the mechanism of the activase have emerged from an analysis of the crystal structures of Rubisco conformational variants and the identification of Rubisco residues that confer specificity in its interaction with the activase. The physiological importance of the activase is reinforced by recent studies indicating that it plays a vital role in the response of photosynthesis to temperature. Rubisco activase is one of a new type of chaperone, which in this case functions to promote and maintain the catalytic activity of Rubisco. JF - Photosynthesis research AU - Portis, Archie R AD - Photosynthesis Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, and Departments of Crop Sciences and Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA, arportis@uiuc.edu. Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 11 EP - 27 VL - 75 IS - 1 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1859492766?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Photosynthesis+research&rft.atitle=Rubisco+activase+-+Rubisco%27s+catalytic+chaperone.&rft.au=Portis%2C+Archie+R&rft.aulast=Portis&rft.aufirst=Archie&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Photosynthesis+research&rft.issn=1573-5079&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2005-10-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Brucella 'HOOF-Prints': strain typing by multi-locus analysis of variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) AN - 18036273; 6035547 AB - Currently, there are very few tools available for subtyping Brucella isolates for epidemiological trace-back. Subtyping is difficult because of the genetic homogeneity within the genus. Sequencing of the genomes from three Brucella species has facilitated the search for DNA sequence variability. Recently, hypervariability among short tandem repeat sequences has been exploited for strain-typing of several bacterial pathogens. An eight-base pair tandem repeat sequence was discovered in nine genomic loci of the B. abortus genome. Eight loci were hypervariable among the three Brucella species. A PCR-based method was developed to identify the number of repeat units (alleles) at each locus, generating strain-specific fingerprints. None of the loci exhibited species- or biovar-specific alleles. Sometimes, a species or biovar contained a specific allele at one or more loci, but the allele also occurred in other species or biovars. The technique successfully differentiated the type strains for all Brucella species and biovars, among unrelated B. abortus biovar 1 field isolates in cattle, and among B. abortus strains isolated from bison and elk. Isolates from the same herd or from short-term in vitro passage exhibited little or no variability in fingerprint pattern. Sometimes, isolates from an animal would have multiple alleles at a locus, possibly from mixed infections in enzootic areas, residual disease from incomplete depopulation of an infected herd or molecular evolution within the strain. Therefore, a mixed population or a pool of colonies from each animal and/or tissue was tested. This paper describes a new method for fingerprinting Brucella isolates based on multi-locus characterization of a variable number, eight-base pair, tandem repeat. We have named this technique "HOOF-Prints" for Hypervariable Octameric Oligonucleotide Finger-Prints. The technique is highly discriminatory among Brucella species, among previously characterized Brucella strains, and among unrelated field isolates that could not be differentiated by classical methods. The method is rapid and the results are reproducible. HOOF-Printing will be most useful as a follow-up test after identification by established methods since we did not find species-specific or biovar-specific alleles. Nonetheless, this technology provides a significant advancement in brucellosis epidemiology, and consequently, will help to eliminate this disease worldwide. JF - BMC Microbiology AU - Bricker, Betsy J AU - Ewalt, Darla R AU - Halling, Shirley M AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, 2300 Dayton Rd, Ames, IA, 50010, USA, bbricker@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Middlesex House 34-42 Cleveland Street London W1T 4LB UK, [mailto:info@biomedcentral.com], [URL:http://www.biomedcentral.com] VL - 3 KW - variable number tandem repeats KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Colonies KW - Fingerprinting KW - molecular evolution KW - Typing KW - Epidemiology KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Brucella KW - Brucellosis KW - Oligonucleotides KW - Mixed infection KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18036273?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Brucella+%27HOOF-Prints%27%3A+strain+typing+by+multi-locus+analysis+of+variable+number+tandem+repeats+%28VNTRs%29&rft.au=Bricker%2C+Betsy+J%3BEwalt%2C+Darla+R%3BHalling%2C+Shirley+M&rft.aulast=Bricker&rft.aufirst=Betsy&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=BMC+Microbiology&rft.issn=1471-2180&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1471-2180-3-15 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brucella; Nucleotide sequence; Epidemiology; Oligonucleotides; Mixed infection; Typing; molecular evolution; Brucellosis; Fingerprinting; Colonies DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-3-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Arrangement of soil plots as landscape component in ecological significant areas AN - 17989734; 5930874 AB - The contribution is dealing with the utilisation of ecological agriculture principles in the development of sustainable arrangement of soil plots in ecological significant areas. For the purpose of this contribution ecological significant areas could be defined as areas with high ecological value, but inappropriate arrangement of soil plots and utilisation of soil, which degrade this value. The ecological agriculture is defined as a part of sustainable management in agriculture practice, which utilises also principles of landscape ecology. Styles of farming reflect specific normative perspectives on farm development. It also implies specific patterns of land use and particular relations with the environment, landscape and natural values. The use of landscape ecology in the arrangement of soil plots, which is possible only in that case, if soil is perceived not from the economical point of a view, but as the landscape component is approached. JF - Ekologia (Bratislava)/Ecology (Bratislava) AU - Pavlickova, K AD - Department of Landscape Ecology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Science, Mlynska dolina B-2, 842 15 Bratislava, The Slovak Republic, pavlickova@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 377 EP - 385 VL - 22 SN - 1335-342X, 1335-342X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Soil KW - Agricultural ecosystems KW - Landscape KW - Environment management KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17989734?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ekologia+%28Bratislava%29%2FEcology+%28Bratislava%29&rft.atitle=Arrangement+of+soil+plots+as+landscape+component+in+ecological+significant+areas&rft.au=Pavlickova%2C+K&rft.aulast=Pavlickova&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=&rft.spage=377&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ekologia+%28Bratislava%29%2FEcology+%28Bratislava%29&rft.issn=1335342X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environment management; Landscape; Soil; Agricultural ecosystems ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of snow avalanche trigger areas using GIS AN - 17989684; 5930856 AB - Mountainous regions in Central Europe are exposed to snow avalanche activity. Geographic information system can be used to identify trigger areas of snow avalanches. The model recognizing such starting zones is discussed in this paper. It is based on morphometric parameters and roughness of terrain. We started out from source model created by Hresko (1998) and applied in slightly different areas to verify its usability. Degree of improvement was recognized. We changed values of input parameters and model formula to better identify starting zones. Map of observed trigger areas (etalon map), based on "Atlas of avalanche paths in Slovakia" was used for verification. Correlation coefficient between model and etalon map determined degree of improvement. Finally better version of the model was chosen for future application. JF - Ekologia (Bratislava)/Ecology (Bratislava) AU - Barka, I AU - Rybar, R AD - Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Landscape Ecology, Mlynska dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, The Slovak Republic, barka@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 182 EP - 194 VL - 22 SN - 1335-342X, 1335-342X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Landslides KW - Snow KW - Europe KW - Geographic information systems KW - Models KW - Methodology KW - D 04001:Methodology - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17989684?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.genre=dissertations+%26+theses&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Thomas%2C+Kay&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Kay&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=9781339894911&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Irrational+beliefs+in+musicians+with+depressive+and+substance+abuse+symptoms&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Europe; Methodology; Geographic information systems; Snow; Landslides; Models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oxygen Permeability of Films Made from CO sub(2)-Precipitated Casein and Modified Casein AN - 17989304; 5930189 AB - Oxygen permeabilities (OP) of CO sub(2)-casein (CO sub(2)CN), calcium caseinate (CaCN), and acylated casein (AcCN) films were determined as functions of % relative humidity (% RH), temperature, and plasticizer type. Tensile properties and water vapor permeabilities (WVP) were also measured. Plasticizers were glycerol (GLY) or a 3:1 ratio of GLY:poly (propylene glycol) (PPG), a hydrophobic plasticizer. OP of the CO sub(2)CN:GLY film was almost twice that of films containing either plasticizer at 35% RH, but its OP approached that of the other films at 70% RH. OP and WVP of films plasticized with GLY were greater than that for films plasticized with PPG. Plasticizer type had little impact on the tensile strength of CO sub(2)CN films while tensile strength of CaCN-GLY:PPG (3:1) films approximately doubled. Results show that structural dissimilarities in the films contribute to differences in OP only under conditions of low RH where the plasticizing effects of water are not significant. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Tomasula, P M AU - Yee, W C AU - Parris, N AD - Dairy Processing and Products Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 634 EP - 639 VL - 51 IS - 3 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Permeability KW - Oxygen KW - Plasticizers KW - Tensile strength KW - Precipitation KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Casein KW - Films KW - W4 330:Biopolymers & Food Biotechnology KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17989304?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.genre=dissertations+%26+theses&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Henderson%2C+Nicole+Lynn&rft.aulast=Henderson&rft.aufirst=Nicole&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=9781369173567&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Connections+between+the+folk+psychiatry+of+addiction+and+levels+of+attributed+stigma&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Casein; Carbon dioxide; Precipitation; Plasticizers; Films; Oxygen; Permeability; Tensile strength DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf020552w ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detailed physical-geographical (geoecological) research and mapping in the landscape ecology AN - 17983432; 5930852 AB - The paper mentions low content and space quality of heterogeneous analytical materials wherefrom geocomplexes are most often created. A quarter up to a half of data on rocks and soil types from analytical maps was revalued by detailed field research in four model areas. Integral approach and geosystem analysis are proposed as a base of problems solution. A conception of complexly oriented geographical informational system (GIS) about the landscape is outlined in the end. System unification of analytic databases into a complex geoecological database should be the substantial part of the GIS. JF - Ekologia (Bratislava)/Ecology (Bratislava) AU - Minar, J AD - Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Mlynska dolina, 842 15 Bratislava 4, The Slovak Republic, minar@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 141 EP - 149 VL - 22 SN - 1335-342X, 1335-342X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Landscape KW - Mapping KW - Methodology KW - D 04001:Methodology - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17983432?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ekologia+%28Bratislava%29%2FEcology+%28Bratislava%29&rft.atitle=Detailed+physical-geographical+%28geoecological%29+research+and+mapping+in+the+landscape+ecology&rft.au=Minar%2C+J&rft.aulast=Minar&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=&rft.spage=141&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ekologia+%28Bratislava%29%2FEcology+%28Bratislava%29&rft.issn=1335342X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Methodology; Mapping; Landscape ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative analysis of methodical procedures for evaluation of ecolocical landscape stability (Study area - Gajary) AN - 17978356; 5930850 AB - This paper presents definitions and methodical procedures for evaluation of the ecological landscape stability in the Slovak scientific literature. We compare and evaluate presented methodical procedures in the case study - region Gajary. In conclusion we submit some of problem articles regarding solution of ecological landscape stability. JF - Ekologia (Bratislava)/Ecology (Bratislava) AU - Durilova, A AU - Saksa, M AD - Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Mlynska dolina 1, 842 15 Bratislava, The Slovak Republic, janickovaa@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 119 EP - 129 VL - 22 SN - 1335-342X, 1335-342X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Slovakia KW - Landscape KW - Conservation KW - Methodology KW - D 04001:Methodology - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17978356?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ekologia+%28Bratislava%29%2FEcology+%28Bratislava%29&rft.atitle=Comparative+analysis+of+methodical+procedures+for+evaluation+of+ecolocical+landscape+stability+%28Study+area+-+Gajary%29&rft.au=Durilova%2C+A%3BSaksa%2C+M&rft.aulast=Durilova&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ekologia+%28Bratislava%29%2FEcology+%28Bratislava%29&rft.issn=1335342X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Slovakia; Methodology; Landscape; Conservation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Desmosterol: A Biomarker for the Efficient Development of 20,25-Diazacholesterol as a Contraceptive for Pest Wildlife AN - 17970390; 5930158 AB - 20,25-Diazacholesterol is being evaluated as a contraceptive for the nonlethal control of avian and mammalian wildlife pests. The identification of an analyte in blood which was highly correlated with absorbed dose and efficacy is valuable for determining effective formulations and dosing variables. Such an analyte or biomarker is also valuable for determining the percentage of pest populations that consume an effective dose of the active ingredient in the field. HPLC analyses of blood collected from dosed animals failed to detect 20,25-diazacholesterol but indicated that levels of free cholesterol and related compounds were affected by 20,25-diazacholesterol absorption. The greatest percent change in chromatographic peak area associated with 20,25-diazacholesterol administration was observed for desmosterol, a cholesterol precursor. 20,25-Diazacholesterol appeared to block the conversion of desmosterol to cholesterol, resulting in an elevated concentration of the precursor. The elevation of blood desmosterol levels is being used as an indicator of 20,25-diazacholesterol absorption and to facilitate the development of a 20,25-diazacholesterol-based contraceptive for pest wildlife. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Johnston, J J AU - Goodall, MJ AU - Yoder, CA AU - Furcolow, CA AU - Goldade, DA AU - Kimball, BA AU - Miller, LA AD - United States Department of Agriculture, National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Avenue, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 140 EP - 145 VL - 51 IS - 1 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - 20,25-diazacholesterol KW - desmosterol KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Biosensors KW - High-performance liquid chromatography KW - Wildlife KW - Pest control KW - Pests KW - Contraceptives KW - W4 330:Biopolymers & Food Biotechnology KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17970390?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Desmosterol%3A+A+Biomarker+for+the+Efficient+Development+of+20%2C25-Diazacholesterol+as+a+Contraceptive+for+Pest+Wildlife&rft.au=Johnston%2C+J+J%3BGoodall%2C+MJ%3BYoder%2C+CA%3BFurcolow%2C+CA%3BGoldade%2C+DA%3BKimball%2C+BA%3BMiller%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=140&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fjf020731d LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wildlife; Pests; Contraceptives; Pest control; High-performance liquid chromatography; Biosensors; Environmental monitoring DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf020731d ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sequence of wood fragmentation and isolation in the Trnava upland since the 18th century AN - 17969108; 5930848 AB - Fragmentation of natural habitats is currently regarded as one of the most serious reasons of species extinction. The influences of natural habitat fragmentation to wildlife species increase with expansion of urban areas and network of roads. The purpose of this study is to quantify and evaluate the fragmentation of thermophilous oak forests on loess in the Trnava upland (southwest Slovakia) listed among prior biotopes according to EC Habitat Directive 92/43/EEC. Changes of the 17 forest remnants in agricultural landscapes have been reconstructed since 1919 (for three of them since 1747) on the base of historical and recent maps and data from literature sources. The fragmentation process is evaluated according to the characteristic attributes of: area size, number of fragments, area categories, the distance from the other remnants, isolation and connectivity. As the results indicate the process of woods fragmentation and isolation on the Trnava upland is not static, but is still continuing. The area of the seventeen investigated woods decreased during 20th century about 1300 ha. JF - Ekologia (Bratislava)/Ecology (Bratislava) AU - Ruzickova, J AD - Department of Ecosozology, Comenius University Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Mlynska dolina B-2, 842 15 Bratislava, The Slovak Republic, ruzickova@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 92 EP - 107 VL - 22 SN - 1335-342X, 1335-342X KW - Oaks KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Slovakia KW - Extinction KW - Historical ecology KW - Quercus KW - Forests KW - Conservation KW - Habitat fragmentation KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17969108?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+possible+immunological+function+of+the+chicken+crop+%28Ingluvies%29&rft.au=Vaughn%2C+LE%3BHolt%2C+P+S%3BCrowdis%2C+K+S%3BSeo%2C+K-H%3BGast%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Vaughn&rft.aufirst=LE&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Quercus; Slovakia; Conservation; Historical ecology; Habitat fragmentation; Extinction; Forests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid detection of outbreak Escherichia coli O157 and Salmonella on alfalfa sprouts by immunomagnetic capture and time-resolved fluorescence AN - 17911055; 5864646 AB - Commercially available alfalfa seeds were inoculated with low levels ( similar to 4 CFU/g) of pathogenic bacteria and sprouted at 25C. At 48 h, the spent irrigation water and sprouts were separately transferred to brain heart infusion (BHI) broth and enriched for 4 h at 37C and 160 rpm. Specific immunomagnetic beads (IMB) were then applied to capture the E. coli O157 or Salmonella in the enriched media. Separation and concentration of captured pathogens were achieved using magnetic particle concentrators (MPC). IMB captured E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. then formed sandwiched complexes with europium (Eu) labeled anti-E. coli O157 antibodies and samarium (Sm) labeled anti-Salmonella antibodies, respectively. After washing the complexes, the lanthanide labels were extracted out from the complexes by specific chelators to form strongly fluorescent Eu- and Sm-chelates. The specific time-resolved fluorescence (TRF) associated with Eu or Sm was measured to estimate the extent of capture of the E. coli O157 and Salmonella, respectively. The results indicated that the approach could detect E. coli O157 and many Salmonella spp. from spent irrigation water or sprouts grown from contaminated seeds. Nontargeted bacteria, e.g., native microflora present on the untreated seeds and inoculated Aeromonas and Citrobacter, exhibited no cross-reactivity and counts were not significantly different from background fluorescence of the IMB alone. Since pathogen detection was achieved within 6 h, the assay could detect contamination levels as low as 4 CFU/g of seeds and it showed no cross-reactivity with nonpathogenic microflora present on the sprouts, the developed methodology could be used as a rapid, sensitive and specific screening process for E. coli O157 and Salmonella spp. in sprouts and their irrigation water. JF - Journal of Food Safety AU - Tu, Shu-I AU - Golden, M AU - Fett, W F AU - Gehring, A AU - Irwin, P AD - USDA, ARS, NAA, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, stu@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 75 EP - 89 VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 0149-6085, 0149-6085 KW - Alfalfa KW - detection KW - outbreaks KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Irrigation KW - Escherichia coli KW - Food contamination KW - Immunoassays KW - Salmonella KW - Medicago sativa KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17911055?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Safety&rft.atitle=Rapid+detection+of+outbreak+Escherichia+coli+O157+and+Salmonella+on+alfalfa+sprouts+by+immunomagnetic+capture+and+time-resolved+fluorescence&rft.au=Tu%2C+Shu-I%3BGolden%2C+M%3BFett%2C+W+F%3BGehring%2C+A%3BIrwin%2C+P&rft.aulast=Tu&rft.aufirst=Shu-I&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Safety&rft.issn=01496085&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Salmonella; Medicago sativa; Irrigation; Food contamination; Immunoassays ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth kinetics of Clostridium perfringens in cooked beef AN - 17910420; 5864647 AB - The objective of this work was to investigate the growth kinetics of a three-strain cocktail of Clostridium perfringens in cooked beef. The study was conducted by growing the heat-activated spores in ground beef under isothermal conditions between 17-50C. A four-parameter Gompertz equation was used as a primary model to fit the growth curves along with a modified Ratkowsky model to analyze the temperature dependence of the bacterial growth. Results indicated that the Gompertz model could accurately describe the growth of C. perfringens in cooked beef. The estimated theoretical minimum, optimum, and maximum growth temperatures of this organism in cooked beef were 9.8, 47.1, and 50.8C, respectively. A linear relationship between the durations of the lag and exponential phases of growth curves was observed in this study. Such a linear relationship can be used to generate a linear isothermal growth curve complete with the lag, exponential, and stationary phases without complex mathematical computation. The kinetic models and growth parameters obtained from this study potentially can be applied to the food industry to design appropriate cooling schedules and estimate the growth of C. perfringens in thermally processed beef products under temperature abuse conditions. JF - Journal of Food Safety AU - Huang, L AD - USDA ARS Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, lhuang@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 91 EP - 105 VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 0149-6085, 0149-6085 KW - beef KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Clostridium perfringens KW - Temperature KW - Food contamination KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17910420?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Safety&rft.atitle=Growth+kinetics+of+Clostridium+perfringens+in+cooked+beef&rft.au=Huang%2C+L&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Safety&rft.issn=01496085&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clostridium perfringens; Temperature; Food contamination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occurrence of an exotic earthworm (Amynthas agrestis) in undisturbed soils of the southern Appalachian Mountains, USA AN - 17910232; 5866084 AB - This study documents the occurrence of an aggressive invasive earthworm species in undisturbed forest soils of the southern Appalachian Mountains of northern Georgia, USA. Earthworms were sorted from samples collected in pitfall traps that had been set in mature, mesic oak-hickory forests in remote, high elevation, locations across northern Georgia. Specimens were continuously collected in these traps over the course of the summer and autumn of 1993, and more than 600 earthworms were collected from 35 different trapping sites. There were at least 9 different earthworm taxa collected during the study including three species not native to North American soils (Amynthas agrestis, Octolasion tyrtaeum, and O. cyaneum). The majority of earthworms collected in the study were A. agrestis. Because large numbers of A. agrestis were trapped at a single site, we made measurements of individuals in an attempt to examine the reproductive status of A. agrestis at that site over time. Small numbers of A. agrestis were trapped in July and August, peak abundance occurred in September, and there was a decline in abundance through November to zero trapped in December. Sexually mature adults were first trapped in small numbers in late August, but made up 80% of the total population by mid September, and 100% of the population in October and November. JF - Pedobiologia AU - Callaham, MA Jr AU - Hendrix, P F AU - Phillips, R J AD - USDA Forest Service, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Athens, GA, 30602, USA, mcallaham@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 466 EP - 470 VL - 47 IS - 5-6 SN - 0031-4056, 0031-4056 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Invasiveness KW - Soil characteristics KW - USA, Georgia KW - Amynthas agrestis KW - Introduced species KW - D 04657:Annelids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17910232?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pedobiologia&rft.atitle=Occurrence+of+an+exotic+earthworm+%28Amynthas+agrestis%29+in+undisturbed+soils+of+the+southern+Appalachian+Mountains%2C+USA&rft.au=Callaham%2C+MA+Jr%3BHendrix%2C+P+F%3BPhillips%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Callaham&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=5-6&rft.spage=466&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pedobiologia&rft.issn=00314056&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Amynthas agrestis; USA, Georgia; Introduced species; Soil characteristics; Invasiveness ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Earthworms, arthropods and plant litter decomposition in aspen (Populus tremuloides) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) forests in Colorado, USA AN - 17909211; 5866143 AB - We compared the abundance and community composition of earthworms, soil macroarthropods, and litter microarthropods to test faunal effects on plant litter decomposition rates in two forests in the subalpine in Colorado, USA. Litterbags containing recently senesced litter of Populus tremuloides (aspen) and Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine) were placed in aspen and pine forests to monitor their decay rates and quantify litter microarthropod abundance. Earthworms and macroarthropods were collected by hand from the soil. Three species of earthworms were found in the aspen forest: Octolasion cyaneum, an anecic worm; Dendrobaena octaedra, an epigeic worm and Aporrectodea trapezoides, an endogeic worm. We found a higher density and fresh biomass of earthworms in the aspen (40 worms m super(-2) and 4.4 g m super(-2)) than in the pine forest (0.8 worms m super(-2) and 0.6 g m super(-2)). The lodgepole pine contained only earthworm species, D. octaedra. Macroarthropod density did not differ between the forests. Total density of microarthropods in the aspen and lodgepole pine forests was 6.40 and 5.24 individuals g super(-1) of dry litter, respectively and did not significantly differ between forests. The percent of mass remaining was different between litter species (r super(2) = 0.73, P < 0.01). Aspen litter decayed significantly faster than pine regardless of location. The percent of mass remaining of aspen and lodgepole pine were significantly correlated with the density of earthworms in both forests (P < 0.01). In the pine forests, the percent mass remaining of aspen and lodgepole pine litter was also significantly correlated with the density of mites (Acarina) (P = 0.03), prostigmatid mites (P = 0.02) and the total abundance of litter fauna (P = 0.02). Our results suggest that introduced earthworms play an important role on litter decomposition in the aspen forest, and that litter decomposition in these subalpine sites might be influenced differentially by various groups of soil and litter fauna. JF - Pedobiologia AU - Gonzalez, G AU - Seastedt, T R AU - Donato, Z AD - International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service, PO Box 25000, San Juan, PR 00928-5000, USA, ggonzalez@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 863 EP - 869 VL - 47 IS - 5-6 SN - 0031-4056, 0031-4056 KW - Oligochaetes KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Litter KW - Abundance KW - Forests KW - Decomposition KW - Soil microorganisms KW - Oligochaeta KW - Community composition KW - USA, Colorado KW - Arthropoda KW - Soil fauna KW - D 04125:Temperate forests KW - Z 05209:Soil entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17909211?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Update+of+cottonDB&rft.au=Yu%2C+J&rft.aulast=Yu&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arthropoda; Oligochaeta; USA, Colorado; Soil fauna; Soil microorganisms; Abundance; Community composition; Litter; Decomposition; Forests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Advances in molecular-based diagnostics in meeting crop biosecurity and phytosanitary issues AN - 17852535; 5729033 AB - Awareness of crop biosecurity and phytosanitation has been heightened since 9/11 and the unresolved anthrax releases in October 2001. Crops are highly vulnerable to accidental or deliberate introductions of crop pathogens from outside U.S. borders. Strategic thinking about protection against deliberate or accidental release of a plant pathogen is an urgent priority. Rapid detection will be the key to success. This review summarizes recent progress in the development of rapid real-time PCR protocols and evaluates their effectiveness in a proposed nationwide network of diagnostic laboratories that will facilitate rapid diagnostics and improved communication. JF - Annual Review of Phytopathology AU - Schaad, N W AU - Frederick, R D AU - Shaw, J AU - Schneider, W L AU - Hickson, R AU - Petrillo, MD AU - Luster, D G AD - USDA/ARS, Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702, USA, nschaad@fdwsr.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 305 EP - 324 VL - 41 SN - 0066-4286, 0066-4286 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Plant diseases KW - Plant protection KW - Reviews KW - Communication KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Anthrax KW - Pathogens KW - Crops KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 310:Agricultural Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17852535?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.genre=dissertations+%26+theses&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Howorko%2C+Adam&rft.aulast=Howorko&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=9781339996394&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Effect+of+Alcohol+on+Recognition+Memory+in+Zebrafish%3A+A+Meta-Analytic+Review&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Crops; Reviews; Pathogens; Anthrax; Polymerase chain reaction; Plant protection; Plant diseases; Communication DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.phyto.41.052002.095435 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetically modified crops for industrial products and processes and their effects on human health AN - 17792478; 6088842 AB - Industrial crops are grown as sources of chemicals or components that serve non-food uses. Products derived from plants for industrial applications include oils, fibres, fuels and pharmaceuticals. Some of these products are extracted from the plant and used directly by industry, while others require mechanical or chemical conversion to be suitable for application. The plant itself may be the conveyor of the product, for example vaccines produced in fruits and vegetables. The genetic modification of crops to improve industrial applications is relevant to human health because there are very few crops that are grown strictly for industrial use. Concern about quarantine of genetically modified (GM) industrial crops, to prevent intermingling with the food supply, has recently resulted in implementation of a more restrictive regulatory policy for such crops. Since profitability in agriculture often relies on using as many parts of the crop as possible, for example selling the residual meal from oilseed processing for use in animal feed, industrial GM crops are required to undergo approval for such use. This chapter discusses GM crops that have important, commercial, non-food uses or are expected to have such uses in the future. Since many of the GM industrial crops proposed have not been commercially released, descriptions of their effects on human health are generic in nature. It is hoped that this chapter will at least identify fundamental benefits and risks associated with GM industrial crops and identify issues peculiar to this class of GM organisms. JF - Trends in Food Science & Technology AU - McKeon, T A AD - Western Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS Albany, CA 94710, USA, tmckeon@pw.usda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 229 EP - 241 VL - 14 IS - 5-8 SN - 0924-2244, 0924-2244 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Fruits KW - Vegetables KW - Fuels KW - Food KW - Nutrition KW - Crops KW - Oils KW - Industrial applications KW - Reviews KW - Pharmaceuticals KW - Plant extracts KW - Vaccines KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - W4 330:Biopolymers & Food Biotechnology KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32380:Food (including SCP) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17792478?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Food+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Genetically+modified+crops+for+industrial+products+and+processes+and+their+effects+on+human+health&rft.au=McKeon%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=McKeon&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=5-8&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Trends+in+Food+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=09242244&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0924-2244%2803%2900071-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Genetically Modified Foods for Human Health and Nutrition. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Crops; Food; Industrial applications; Fruits; Vegetables; Vaccines; Reviews; Plant extracts; Nutrition; Oils; Fuels; Agriculture; Pharmaceuticals DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0924-2244(03)00071-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Restoration of landscape function: reserves or active management? AN - 17692714; 5842144 AB - A 20-year programme of research suggests that old-growth forests are ecologically unique and highly valued by people, that naturally young forests with legacies from old forests sustain many, if not all, the higher organisms associated with old growth, but that many managed forests are impoverished in species. Thus, restoring landscape function entails restoring function to managed stands. Managing processes of forest development, not just providing selected structures, is necessary to restore function and biodiversity. Systems of reserves and riparian corridors that do not take into account ecological restoration of managed forests and degraded streams may be self-fulfilling prophecies of forest fragmentation and landscape dysfunction. Intentional management can reduce the need for wide riparian buffers, produce landscapes dominated by late-seral stages that are hospitable to wildlife associated with old-growth forests, provide a sustained yield of forest products and contribute to economic, social and environmental sustainability. JF - Forestry AU - Carey, AB AD - Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Olympia, WA 98512, USA Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 221 EP - 230 VL - 76 IS - 2 SN - 0015-752X, 0015-752X KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - M3 1120:Land UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17692714?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forestry&rft.atitle=Restoration+of+landscape+function%3A+reserves+or+active+management%3F&rft.au=Carey%2C+AB&rft.aulast=Carey&rft.aufirst=AB&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forestry&rft.issn=0015752X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Foundation of the Slovak Association for Landscape Ecology, and review of selected landscape-ecological activities in Slovakia after 1990 AN - 17686910; 5930841 AB - The idea to establish the regional organisation of the International association for landscape ecology (IALE) with the sphere of action in the Slovak Republic have been discussed in community of the Slovak landscape ecologists since 1990. During 2001-2002 certain specific steps, related to a foundation of the Slovak association for landscape ecology (IALE-SK) were done, and in June 2003 a proposal of the Statutes of IALE-SK was registered. Several important activities, related to landscape ecology, which took place in Slovakia during 1990-2002, created promising basis, and interest of the landscape-ecological community for foundation of IALE-SK. New landscape-ecological diligences were founded, landscape-ecological education at the universities was fortified, and as was the position of the landscape ecology in resolving problems of environmental practices as well. The aim of IALE-SK is to participate on IALE activities, to support a development of landscape ecology in the Slovak Republic, and to promote its position within the protection of the natural environment. IALE-SK wants to focus on empowering of sectional, and interdisciplinary landscape research, improvement of protection, planning, and management of landscape, extension of pedagogic-educational activities, and editing activities from the field of landscape ecology, and its related sections. JF - Ekologia (Bratislava)/Ecology (Bratislava) AU - Kozova, M AD - Comenius University at Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences Comenius University, Mlynska dolina, B-2, 842 15, Bratislava, The Slovak Republic, kozova@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 11 EP - 19 VL - 22 SN - 1335-342X, 1335-342X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04099:Ecosystem studies - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17686910?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ekologia+%28Bratislava%29%2FEcology+%28Bratislava%29&rft.atitle=Foundation+of+the+Slovak+Association+for+Landscape+Ecology%2C+and+review+of+selected+landscape-ecological+activities+in+Slovakia+after+1990&rft.au=Kozova%2C+M&rft.aulast=Kozova&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ekologia+%28Bratislava%29%2FEcology+%28Bratislava%29&rft.issn=1335342X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biocomplexity and restoration of biodiversity in temperate coniferous forest: inducing spatial heterogeneity with variable-density thinning AN - 17686892; 5842142 AB - Single-species conservation and natural reserves seem insufficient for protecting biodiversity to scientists, and conventional forestry seems suspect in sustainability to much of the public. In north-western USA, comparisons of natural and managed coniferous forests support the idea that both single-species conservation and conventional forestry are unlikely to be successful because biocomplexity is more important than individual habitat elements in maintaining the diversity of forest ecosystems and their capacity to produce useful goods and services. Experiments in inducing heterogeneity into forest canopies support the importance of biocomplexity to various biotic communities including soil organisms, vascular plants, fungi, birds, small mammals and vertebrate predators. Holistic management, however, requires a suite of techniques to direct developmental processes to useful trajectories. JF - Forestry AU - Carey, AB AD - Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Olympia, WA 98512, USA Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 127 EP - 136 VL - 76 IS - 2 SN - 0015-752X, 0015-752X KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - M3 1140:Biodiversity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17686892?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forestry&rft.atitle=Biocomplexity+and+restoration+of+biodiversity+in+temperate+coniferous+forest%3A+inducing+spatial+heterogeneity+with+variable-density+thinning&rft.au=Carey%2C+AB&rft.aulast=Carey&rft.aufirst=AB&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forestry&rft.issn=0015752X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - National strategic planning for sustainable forests: using criteria and indicators in the United States AN - 17676304; 5895398 AB - The United States strives to adopt a framework based on the Montreal Process criteria and indicators in strategic planning for sustainable forestry. JF - Unasylva AU - Grinspoon, E AU - Delfs, M AU - Brouha, P AD - United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service, Washington, DC, United States Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 14 EP - 20 VL - 54 IS - 3-4 SN - 0041-6436, 0041-6436 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - M3 1120:Land UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17676304?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Unasylva&rft.atitle=National+strategic+planning+for+sustainable+forests%3A+using+criteria+and+indicators+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Grinspoon%2C+E%3BDelfs%2C+M%3BBrouha%2C+P&rft.aulast=Grinspoon&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=14&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Unasylva&rft.issn=00416436&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecological Sustainability of Rangelands AN - 17673630; 5816014 AB - Rangelands and pastures are found in every state and cover 55% of the land surface of the United States. Taken as a whole, from Western deserts and grasslands to meadows and woodlands, rangelands comprise some 364 million ha or 80% of the land in the 17 Western states. The vast expanses and remoteness of rangelands make assessing economic and ecological sustainability a difficult task. Currently, there is no national monitoring framework in place to collect data on long-term or episodic processes and agents of change over time. There are no defined methods for summarizing the health of rangelands. Thus individual conclusions about the health or sustainability of the nation's rangelands vary from person to person and organization to organization. Over one million people derive some portion of their income from farm and ranch activities on rangelands and pastures in the western United States. These individuals own and operate over 406,000 farms and ranches with revenues from selling beef cattle exceeding $13 billion in the 17 Western states. Their continued economic survival is dependent on the environmental sustainability of rangelands. Moreover, organizations and individuals charged with selection of best management systems on rangelands are under increasing pressure to consider not only livestock production issues, but also sustainability and health under multiple land use. As a result, ranchers, government agencies, and other organizations have a critical need for improved methods to balance the economic viability of ranchers, the well being of rural America, and the health and sustainability of the nation's rangeland grazinglands. Therefore, a coordinated national research and technology transfer effort is required to successfully develop and transfer to ranchers and rangeland managers a science-based, monitoring system to determine the effect of management practices on sustainability of rangeland ecosystems. JF - Arid Land Research and Management AU - Weltz, MA AU - Dunn, G AU - Reeder, J AU - Frasier, G AD - USDA-ARS-Great Plains System Research, 301 S. Howes Street, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA, weltzL@gpsr.colostate.edu Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 369 EP - 388 VL - 17 IS - 4 SN - 1532-4982, 1532-4982 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - M3 1120:Land UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17673630?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Genomic+expansion+of+the+Mla+plant-defense+complex+is+driven+by+transposon+insertion+and+heterochromatic+replication&rft.au=Wise%2C+R&rft.aulast=Wise&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15324980390229292 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conjunctive Use of Tension Infiltrometry and Time-Domain Reflectometry for Inverse Estimation of Soil Hydraulic Properties AN - 17657544; 6495298 AB - Infiltration from a tension disc infiltrometer can be applied conjointly with time-domain reflectometry (TDR) measurements of soil water content to improve estimates of field hydraulic parameters. However, interpretation of TDR- measured water contents for use in inverse optimizations may be problematic when rods are partially within the wetted zone. The objective of this study was to assess if TDR-measured soil water contents in addition to cumulative infiltration could improve parameter estimability for the inverse optimization problem. Infiltration experiments were conducted with a 0.58-m-diam. cylinder packed with a loamy sand. Three trifilar TDR probes were inserted diagonally into the soil to measure transient water contents during infiltration. Inverse optimizations utilized cumulative infiltration, water contents from diagonally placed TDR probes, and a branch of the wetting water characteristic [theta](h) from extracted soil cores. Measured [theta](h) at one or more pressure heads was required in optimizations to provide a satisfactory description of the water characteristic in the dry region. Optimizations for three infiltration experiments yielded similar parameter estimates with overlapping 95% confidence intervals. The use of diagonal TDR-measured water contents improved the predicted redistribution of soil water and decreased covariances between parameter pairs that led to better parameter estimability. Optimized simulations predicted water contents in a three-dimensional region within 0.03 m super(3) m super(-3) of values measured by buried horizontal TDR probes. Parameter estimates were relatively insensitive to changes in the assumed averaging depth transverse to TDR rods. For the diagonally placed probes, the dominant gradients in water content were in directions that minimized errors associated with assuming a uniform weighting of water content within the TDR sampling volume. JF - Vadose Zone Journal AU - Schwartz, R C AU - Evett AD - Conservation and Production Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, P.O. Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012-0010, rschwart@cprl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 530 EP - 538 PB - Soil Science Society of America, 677 South Segoe Rd Maxison WI 53711 USA, [URL:http://www.soils.org/] VL - 2 IS - 4 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17657544?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vadose+Zone+Journal&rft.atitle=Conjunctive+Use+of+Tension+Infiltrometry+and+Time-Domain+Reflectometry+for+Inverse+Estimation+of+Soil+Hydraulic+Properties&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+R+C%3BEvett&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=9781369306552&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+stress+and+coping+in+professional+rock+musicians%3A+A+grounded+theory&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lateral Water Diffusion in an Artificial Macroporous System -- Modeling and Experimental Evidence AN - 17653827; 6495273 AB - In two-domain schematizations of macroporous soils or fractured rock systems, lateral mass exchange between macropores and the soil matrix is generally modeled as an apparent first-order process. With respect to lateral diffusion, the system is thus characterized by a single parameter, the transfer rate coefficient, which is difficult to estimate a priori. We conducted water infiltration experiments in a laboratory column with an artificial macropore. The novel design of the experimental setup allowed us to discriminate between matrix flow and macropore flow, from which we could estimate the water exchange flux between the two domains. Most of the parameters in a dual-permeability model could be determined independently of the experimental data. In particular, a theoretical expression for the transfer rate coefficient was derived by assuming lateral water and solute diffusion to be similar processes. Numerical analysis of the water exchange process revealed that the transfer coefficient depended also on the macropore conductivity. When this dependency was taken into account, the model reproduced the experimental data reasonably well. JF - Vadose Zone Journal AU - Castiglione, P AU - Mohanty, B P AU - Shouse, P J AU - Simunek, J AU - Van Genuchten, MTh AU - Santini, A AD - George E. Brown, Salinity Laboratory, 450 W. Big Springs Road, USDA, ARS, Riverside, CA, paoloc@uidaho.edu Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 212 EP - 221 PB - Soil Science Society of America, 677 South Segoe Rd Maxison WI 53711 USA, [URL:http://www.soils.org/] VL - 2 IS - 2 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 0840:Groundwater UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17653827?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vadose+Zone+Journal&rft.atitle=Lateral+Water+Diffusion+in+an+Artificial+Macroporous+System+--+Modeling+and+Experimental+Evidence&rft.au=Castiglione%2C+P%3BMohanty%2C+B+P%3BShouse%2C+P+J%3BSimunek%2C+J%3BVan+Genuchten%2C+MTh%3BSantini%2C+A&rft.aulast=Castiglione&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=212&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vadose+Zone+Journal&rft.issn=1539-1663&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Particle Size Segregation during Hand Packing of Coarse Granular Materials and Impacts on Local Pore-Scale Structure AN - 17653518; 6495280 AB - Soils and sediments consist of granular particles with an intricate network of pores between them. The structure and orientation of these pores will determine how the material transports fluids and contaminants. A common practice in soil science to simplify experiments and to achieve a homogeneous medium, against which to test transport equations, is to repack a quasi two-dimensional (2-D) Hele Shaw cell or a column. Soil is broken up and sieved to remove large particles that could cause anomalous measurements; then it is repacked into the column. However, this procedure destroys the natural structure and imparts a new structural arrangement. The material may appear to have similar bulk properties such as porosity and bulk density, but as we aim to demonstrate, the structural properties will be a function of the method used to repack, and it is unlikely that one can achieve a uniform distribution at the micro-scale. We present results of experiments using granular materials, demonstrating how mixtures of particles of different sizes segregate when poured, forming banded structures. The rate at which a material is poured will determine the uniformity of the packed sample. JF - Vadose Zone Journal AU - Lebron, I AU - Robinson, DA AD - George E. Brown Salinity Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 450 W. Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92507, ilebron@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 330 EP - 337 PB - Soil Science Society of America, 677 South Segoe Rd Maxison WI 53711 USA, [URL:http://www.soils.org/] VL - 2 IS - 3 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17653518?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+experimental+chlorate+compound+%28ECP%29+and+competitive+exclusion+product+%28CE%29+Salmonella+contamination+of+broilers&rft.au=Byrd%2C+JA%3BMoore%2C+R+W%3BKnape%2C+K+D%3BAnderson%2C+R+C%3BKubena%2C+L+F%3BNisbet%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Byrd&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Review of Advances in Dielectric and Electrical Conductivity Measurement in Soils Using Time Domain Reflectometry AN - 17652449; 6495292 AB - Substantial advances in the measurement of water content and bulk soil electrical conductivity (EC) using time domain reflectometry (TDR) have been made in the last two decades. The key to TDR's success is its ability to accurately measure the permittivity of a material and the fact that there is a good relationship between the permittivity of a material and its water content. A further advantage is the ability to estimate water content and measure bulk soil EC simultaneously using TDR. The aim of this review is to summarize and examine advances that have been made in terms of measuring permittivity and bulk EC. The review examines issues such as the effective frequency of the TDR measurement and waveform analysis in dispersive dielectrics. The growing importance of both waveform simulation and inverse analysis of waveforms is highlighted. Such methods hold great potential for obtaining far more information from TDR waveform analysis. Probe design is considered in some detail and practical guidance is given for probe construction. The importance of TDR measurement sampling volume is considered and the relative energy storage density is modeled for a range of probe designs. Tables are provided that compare some of the different aspects of commercial TDR equipment, and the units are discussed in terms of their performance and their advantages and disadvantages. It is hoped that the review will provide an informative guide to the more technical aspects of permittivity and EC measurement using TDR for the novice and expert alike. JF - Vadose Zone Journal AU - Robinson, DA AU - Jones, S B AU - Wraith, J M AU - Or, D AU - Friedman, S P AD - U.S. Salinity Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 450 W. Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92507, darobinson001@yahoo.co.uk Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 444 EP - 475 PB - Soil Science Society of America, 677 South Segoe Rd Maxison WI 53711 USA, [URL:http://www.soils.org/] VL - 2 IS - 4 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17652449?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vadose+Zone+Journal&rft.atitle=A+Review+of+Advances+in+Dielectric+and+Electrical+Conductivity+Measurement+in+Soils+Using+Time+Domain+Reflectometry&rft.au=Robinson%2C+DA%3BJones%2C+S+B%3BWraith%2C+J+M%3BOr%2C+D%3BFriedman%2C+S+P&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Constant Capacitance Model Computation of Boron Speciation for Varying Soil Water Content AN - 17583426; 6495261 AB - This work considered the aqueous speciation of B between a soil solution containing B and the tetrahedral surface B species (SH sub(3)BOH super(-) sub(4) during drying of the soil. The aqueous B species were boric acid (H sub(3)BO sub(3)) and the borate anion B super(-) sub(4). A computer program was written to calculate solution speciation of major ions using a matrix-type numerical solution including cation exchange and dissolution-precipitation of calcite. The B speciation was calculated separately but utilized the H super(+) concentration as determined in the major ion speciation. Numerical simulations of soil drying were performed for 20 hypothetical soil textures with clay contents ranging from 10 to 60% and three solution compositions representing saline, saline-sodic, and sodic soils. The effective K sub(d) (SH sub(3)BOH super(-) sub(4)/total solution B) decreased with gravimetric water content ([theta] sub(g)) for the range [theta] sub(g) = 1.5 to 0.05. A decrease in H super(+) concentration caused decreasing K sub(d) consistent with earlier experimental work showing decreasing fractional adsorbed B with decreasing pH in the range 7 to 9. K sub(d) varied from 2.5 to 4.7 at [theta] sub(g) = 1.5 because of variation of the equilibrium constants in the constant capacitance model (K super(-) and K super(+)) with varying soil texture. K sub(d) increased with increasing sodicity of the soil water. An application of this program would be prediction of adsorbed and solution B concentrations at field water content on the basis of experimental determinations of adsorbed and solution B concentration for saturated paste extracts. Such predictions would be useful to generate initial conditions for solute transport modeling and for determining whether solution B concentrations at field water contents would be beneficial or harmful to plants. JF - Vadose Zone Journal AU - Vaughan, P J AU - Suarez, D L AD - George E. Brown, Salinity Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 450 W. Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92507, pvaughan@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 253 EP - 258 PB - Soil Science Society of America, 677 South Segoe Rd Maxison WI 53711 USA, [URL:http://www.soils.org/] VL - 2 IS - 2 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Prediction KW - Speciation KW - Anions KW - Soil Texture KW - Soil Water KW - Soil Solution KW - Clays KW - Cation Exchange KW - Ions KW - Calcite KW - Hydrogen Ion Concentration KW - Drying KW - Boron KW - Model Studies KW - Computer Programs KW - Solute Transport KW - Acids KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17583426?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.genre=dissertations+%26+theses&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Thomas%2C+Crystal+Anne&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Crystal&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=9781339858746&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Going+the+Distance%21%3A+How+Distance+to+School+Relates+to+Student+Education+Outcomes&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Speciation; Model Studies; Prediction; Drying; Soil Texture; Soil Water; Calcite; Computer Programs; Soil Solution; Cation Exchange; Acids; Anions; Boron; Hydrogen Ion Concentration; Solute Transport; Ions; Clays ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of the Dual-Probe Heat-Pulse Technique to Monitor Soil Water Content in the Vadose Zone AN - 17581228; 6495303 AB - The dual-probe heat-pulse (DPHP) technique is emerging as a useful technique for measuring soil volumetric water content ([theta]). However, few published data are available regarding the performance of the DPHP technique under field conditions. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the DPHP technique for measuring [theta] under field conditions. We used 24 DPHP sensors to monitor [theta] in a soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] field during the 2001 and 2002 growing seasons. The DPHP sensors demonstrated durability in field conditions and clear sensitivity to temporal and spatial variations of [theta] at the scale of measurement. The mean [theta] measured by the DPHP sensors ([theta] sub(DPHP)) was on average 0.040 m super(3) m super(-3) larger than the mean [theta] measured by soil sampling ([theta] sub(SS)). The response of the DPHP sensors was linear. Regressions of [theta] sub(DPHP) vs. [theta] sub(SS) yielded r super(2) values of 0.949 and 0.843 at depths of 7.5 and 37.5 cm. The DPHP technique showed good resolution with RMSE values for the regression of 0.009 and 0.011 m super(3) m super(-3) at the two measurement depths. The slopes of the regressions were 0.75 rather than 1.0. Errors in [theta] sub(SS) are a likely cause of this low slope. We shifted all the [theta] values for each sensor up or down by a constant value to make the first [theta] measurement from each sensor equal [theta] determined from soil sampling near that sensor at the time of installation. This simple matching point procedure improved the accuracy of the DPHP technique, resulting in a -0.024 m super(3) m super(-3) average difference between [theta] sub(DPHP) and [theta] sub(SS). Also, the matching point procedure markedly reduced the variability between sensors, reducing the average SD from 0.063 to 0.026 m super(3) m super(-3). This procedure requires no additional soil sampling and is recommended for field applications of the DPHP technique. JF - Vadose Zone Journal AU - Ochsner, Tyson E AU - Horton, Robert AU - Ren, Tusheng AD - USDA-ARS, Soil and Water Management Research Unit, St. Paul, MN 55108, ochsner@umn.edu Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 572 EP - 579 PB - Soil Science Society of America, 677 South Segoe Rd Maxison WI 53711 USA, [URL:http://www.soils.org/] VL - 2 IS - 4 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Durability KW - Variability KW - Sensors KW - Soil Water KW - Errors KW - Installation KW - Soybeans KW - Performance Evaluation KW - Sampling KW - Slopes KW - Zones KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17581228?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vadose+Zone+Journal&rft.atitle=Use+of+the+Dual-Probe+Heat-Pulse+Technique+to+Monitor+Soil+Water+Content+in+the+Vadose+Zone&rft.au=Ochsner%2C+Tyson+E%3BHorton%2C+Robert%3BRen%2C+Tusheng&rft.aulast=Ochsner&rft.aufirst=Tyson&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=572&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vadose+Zone+Journal&rft.issn=1539-1663&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sensors; Sampling; Slopes; Variability; Soybeans; Installation; Performance Evaluation; Durability; Errors; Soil Water; Zones ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the state of the Danube inundation area (Dobrohost-Sap) and integrated planning for sustainable management AN - 16175895; 5930865 AB - An evaluation was made of the status of inundation area of the left bank of the Danube, a territory extending between Dobrohost village (at river kilometre marker 1842) and Sap village (at river kilometre marker 1811). In the first part of this paper, its authors characterise the current landscape structure and territory functions, with a focus on nature conservation priorities. In the second part of the paper, a primary characterisation of actual and proposed water management measures are described. The next part evaluates the actual status and expected progress of the area with respect to the effects of anthropogenic factors. The fact is highlighted that integrated landscape planning is required for sustainable management of the area. The final part of the paper constitutes a review of those measures supporting land use optimisation according to the restoration of ecosystem functions. JF - Ekologia (Bratislava)/Ecology (Bratislava) AU - Bohus, M AU - Kozova, M AU - Nevrelova, M AU - Izsak, G AU - Kosovic, P AD - Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of natural Sciences, Mlynska dolina B-2, 842 15 Bratislava, The Slovak Republic, bohus@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 285 EP - 300 VL - 22 SN - 1335-342X, 1335-342X KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Resource management KW - Water Management KW - Ecosystems KW - Anthropogenic factors KW - Sustainable development KW - Restoration KW - Germany, Danube R. KW - Evaluation KW - Planning KW - Regional planning KW - Rivers KW - Europe, Danube R. KW - Landscape KW - Land use KW - Villages KW - Water management KW - Flooding KW - Nature conservation KW - Environmental restoration KW - River Banks KW - Germany KW - Environment management KW - D 04700:Management KW - M3 1120:Land KW - SW 4070:Ecological impact of water development KW - Q5 08522:Protective measures and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16175895?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ekologia+%28Bratislava%29%2FEcology+%28Bratislava%29&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+state+of+the+Danube+inundation+area+%28Dobrohost-Sap%29+and+integrated+planning+for+sustainable+management&rft.au=Bohus%2C+M%3BKozova%2C+M%3BNevrelova%2C+M%3BIzsak%2C+G%3BKosovic%2C+P&rft.aulast=Bohus&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=&rft.spage=285&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ekologia+%28Bratislava%29%2FEcology+%28Bratislava%29&rft.issn=1335342X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Resource management; Water management; Nature conservation; Anthropogenic factors; Regional planning; Land use; Restoration; Rivers; Villages; Planning; Landscape; Flooding; Environmental restoration; Sustainable development; Environment management; Evaluation; Water Management; Ecosystems; River Banks; Germany, Danube R.; Europe, Danube R.; Germany ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potential energy savings in buildings by an urban tree planting programme in California AN - 16166386; 5790301 AB - Tree canopy cover data from aerial photographs and building energy simulations were applied to estimate energy savings from existing trees and new plantings in California. There are approximately 177.3 million energy-conserving trees in California communities and 241.6 million empty planting sites. Existing trees are projected to reduce annual air conditioning energy use by 2.5% with a wholesale value of $485.8 million. Peak load reduction by existing trees saves utilities 10% valued at approximately $778.5 million annually, or $4.39/tree. Planting 50 million trees to shade east and west walls of residential buildings is projected to reduce cooling by 1.1% and peak load demand by 4.5% over a 15-year period. The present wholesale value of annual cooling reductions for the 15-year period is $3.6 billion ($71/tree planted). Assuming total planting and stewardship costs of $2.5 billion ($50/tree), the cost of peak load reduction is $63/kW, considerably less than the $150/kW benchmark for cost-effectiveness. Influences of tree location near buildings and regional climate differences on potential energy savings are discussed. JF - Urban Forestry & Urban Greening AU - McPherson, E G AU - Simpson, J R AD - Center for Urban Forest Research, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Dept. of Environmental Horticulture, One Shields Ave, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA, egmcpherson@ucdavis.edu Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 73 EP - 86 VL - 2 IS - 2 SN - 1618-8667, 1618-8667 KW - energy efficiency KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Human Population KW - Trees KW - Air conditioning KW - Planting KW - Shade KW - Energy conservation KW - USA, California KW - Cooling KW - Urban environments KW - M1 320:Environmental & Natural Resource Development KW - M3 1120:Land UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16166386?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Urban+Forestry+%26+Urban+Greening&rft.atitle=Potential+energy+savings+in+buildings+by+an+urban+tree+planting+programme+in+California&rft.au=McPherson%2C+E+G%3BSimpson%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=McPherson&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Urban+Forestry+%26+Urban+Greening&rft.issn=16188667&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Air conditioning; Trees; Shade; Planting; Energy conservation; Cooling; Urban environments; USA, California ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cumulative storm rainfall distributions: comparison of Huff curves AN - 16156526; 5702425 AB - Watershed models of hydrology and water quality often require a long record of precipitation measured in short time increments. Huff curves, a probabilistic representation of storm intensities using isopleths of probability, can provide this information stochastically or as design storms. However, many factors affect the development of Huff curves, and an objective method for comparing them is needed. This study investigated two methods of comparing Huff curves, a "curve approach" in which the isopleths of probability of Huff curves were compared using a measure of disparity between isopleths, and a statistical test using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test ("K-S approach"). Fifteen years of precipitation data for May and June from Invercargill, New Zealand were used. The minimum number of storms needed to develop Huff curves that were stable (i.e. a set of curves that does not change with added storms) was used to illustrate the two methods. Both methods used three regions within Huff curves to detect the location of differences. The curve approach showed that a sample size of 110-140 storms was sufficient to achieve stability. The K-S approach showed that a sample size of about 145 storms was adequate, but lowering the significance probability to 5% from 10% revealed that a sample size of 110 to 120 storms was sufficient. The data suggest that a minimum storm sample size of 120 storms was sufficient to develop a stable set of Huff curves based on the results of both methods. The results suggest that either method can be used to identify the minimum number of storms. The two methods can be used to evaluate other factors important in Huff-curve construction for quality control. JF - Journal of Hydrology (New Zealand) AU - Bonta, J V AU - Shahalam, A AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, North Appalachian Experimental Watershed, Coshocton, OH 43812, USA Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 65 EP - 74 VL - 42 IS - 1 SN - 0022-1708, 0022-1708 KW - Huff curves KW - New Zealand KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Meteorological Data Collection KW - Rainfall KW - Probability calculations KW - Water Quality KW - Watersheds KW - Water quality KW - Storms KW - Design Storms KW - Measuring methods KW - Statistical analysis of rainfall KW - Hydrology KW - Storm rainfall distribution KW - Hydrologic Data KW - Data Interpretation KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - M2 551.577.2:Distribution at earth's surface. (551.577.2) KW - SW 0815:Precipitation KW - M2 551.501.777:Methods of observation and computation of precipitation (551.501.777) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16156526?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28New+Zealand%29&rft.atitle=Cumulative+storm+rainfall+distributions%3A+comparison+of+Huff+curves&rft.au=Bonta%2C+J+V%3BShahalam%2C+A&rft.aulast=Bonta&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28New+Zealand%29&rft.issn=00221708&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Probability calculations; Statistical analysis of rainfall; Storm rainfall distribution; Measuring methods; Rainfall; Hydrology; Water quality; Watersheds; Storms; Meteorological Data Collection; Design Storms; Water Quality; Data Interpretation; Hydrologic Data ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A profile of CCA-treated lumber removed from service in the southeastern United States decking market AN - 16148305; 5564585 AB - This research developed a profile of used chromated copper arsenate (CCA) lumber removed from the demolition of residential decking. This was achieved by gathering and compiling information regarding the construction, demolition, deck remodeling, deck replacement factors, and factors affecting the recovery of spent CCA lumber. In addition, qualitative responses regarding programs and incentives to facilitate recovery, and the potential products that could be manufactured from spent CCA lumber were addressed. The study included a mail questionnaire that was sent to over 2,800 contractors in Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. A mail questionnaire was used to collect both demographic data and assess the factors affecting the recovery of treated lumber. Research findings indicate the average age of decks at removal was nearly 13 years, and that the average size of decks is increasing, from 198 to 272 ft. super(2). Extrapolated results indicate that 67.5 million board feet of treated lumber was removed from the sample states and 1 billion board feet of decking lumber was removed in 1999 from the demolition of decks. The majority of participants built new decks. When decks were repaired, the primary components replaced were deck boards and railings. The primary reason for deck replacement was decayed wood, and the majority of respondents directed spent CCA lumber to municipal solid waste landfills. The two salient reasons for not recovering spent CCA lumber were a lack of recovery facilities and programs, respectively. JF - Forest Products Journal AU - Alderman, D Jr AU - Smith, R AU - Araman, P AD - Northeastern Res. Sta., USDA Forest Serv., Princeton, WV, USA Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 38 EP - 45 VL - 53 IS - 1 SN - 0015-7473, 0015-7473 KW - chromated copper arsenate KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - USA, North Carolina KW - USA, South Carolina KW - Materials recovery KW - Construction materials KW - Environmental restoration KW - USA, Georgia KW - Environmental incentives KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16148305?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Nursing+Practice&rft.atitle=The+impact+of+adopting+person%E2%80%90centred+care+approach+for+people+with+Alzheimer%27s+on+professional+caregivers%27+burden%3A+An+interventional+study&rft.au=Hayajneh%2C+Ferial+A%3BShehadeh%2C+Anas&rft.aulast=Hayajneh&rft.aufirst=Ferial&rft.date=2014-08-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=438&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Nursing+Practice&rft.issn=13227114&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fijn.12251 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Materials recovery; Environmental restoration; Construction materials; Environmental incentives; USA, North Carolina; USA, South Carolina; USA, Georgia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Supplement to the Desert Project Soil Monograph; soils and landscapes of a desert region astride the Rio Grande Valley near Las Cruces, New Mexico; Volume 3 AN - 1562650073; 2014-023263 JF - Soil Survey Investigations Report Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 374 EP - 374, 13 sheets PB - U. S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, DC SN - 0584-0562, 0584-0562 KW - United States KW - terrestrial environment KW - Basin and Range Province KW - Dona Ana County New Mexico KW - surficial geology KW - New Mexico KW - deserts KW - Cenozoic KW - Rio Grande Valley KW - soils KW - North America KW - pedogenesis KW - southern New Mexico KW - Quaternary KW - landform description KW - Desert Soil-Geomorphology Project KW - arid environment KW - landform evolution KW - surficial geology maps KW - maps KW - geomorphologic maps KW - Las Cruces New Mexico KW - soils maps KW - geomorphology KW - landscapes KW - 24:Quaternary geology KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1562650073?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2014-08-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=438&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Nursing+Practice&rft.issn=13227114&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fijn.12251 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2014-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - SuppNotes - Individual chapters are cited separately; maps not included in PDF N1 - Last updated - 2014-09-18 N1 - CODEN - SSIRA9 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - arid environment; Basin and Range Province; Cenozoic; Desert Soil-Geomorphology Project; deserts; Dona Ana County New Mexico; geomorphologic maps; geomorphology; landform description; landform evolution; landscapes; Las Cruces New Mexico; maps; New Mexico; North America; pedogenesis; Quaternary; Rio Grande Valley; soils; soils maps; southern New Mexico; surficial geology; surficial geology maps; terrestrial environment; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simulation of terrain and forest shelter effects on patterns of snow deposition, snowmelt and runoff over a semi-arid mountain catchment AN - 20970687; 5556664 AB - In mountainous regions, topographic structure and vegetation control patterns of snow deposition, climate conditions, and snowmelt. A topographically distributed snow accumulation and melt model (ISNOBAL) was coupled to a wind field and snow redistribution model to simulate the development and ablation of the seasonal snow cover over a small mountainous catchment, the Reynolds Mountain East basin (0 times 38 km super(2)) in southwestern Idaho, USA. The model was driven by hourly terrain- and canopy-corrected data grids derived from meteorological data from two stations located within the catchment for four water years (1986, 1987, 1989 and 1997). The catchment was divided into four shelter classes, based on terrain and vegetation; these were used for an analysis of how the mass and energy balance of the snowcover varies over the basin as a function of terrain and forest characteristics for each of the selected years. As shown by the simulations and verified by detailed point measurements and the late-season areal photographs of snow-covered area, in all years the wind-exposed areas developed thinner snow covers and were essentially bare of snow prior to the onset of spring meltout in wind-sheltered areas. The meltout of the wind-sheltered drift and canopy-enclosed regions occurred in conjunction with the springtime increase in solar radiation generating the bulk of springtime runoff. Melt contributions from the drifts may continue into the late spring and early summer. This research uses a unique set of point and spatial verification data to show that a snow accumulation and ablation model, adjusted for wind redistribution effects, reliably simulated the topographic and vegetation influences on snow distribution, the energy balance, and the hydrology of snow and wind-dominated mountainous regions. JF - Hydrological Processes AU - Marks, D AU - Winstral, A AU - Seyfried, M AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Northwest Watershed Research Center, 800 Park Blvd, Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712-7716, USA, danny@nwrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12/30/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 30 SP - 3605 EP - 3626 VL - 16 IS - 18 SN - 0885-6087, 0885-6087 KW - USA, Idaho KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Catchment area KW - Meteorological Data Collection KW - Ecological distribution KW - Forests KW - Snow Cover KW - Snow accumulation KW - Topographic effects KW - Spatial Distribution KW - Snowmelt in forests KW - Snowmelt-runoff relationships KW - Shelters KW - Snow Accumulation KW - Wind KW - Ablation KW - Topography KW - Temporal Distribution KW - Snow KW - Vegetation KW - Model Studies KW - Alpine Regions KW - Energy balance KW - Ice melting KW - Topographic effects on snow cover KW - Snowmelt KW - Runoff KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - M2 556.16:Runoff (556.16) KW - SW 0820:Snow, ice and frost KW - M2 556.12:Precipitation (556.12) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20970687?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrological+Processes&rft.atitle=Simulation+of+terrain+and+forest+shelter+effects+on+patterns+of+snow+deposition%2C+snowmelt+and+runoff+over+a+semi-arid+mountain+catchment&rft.au=Marks%2C+D%3BWinstral%2C+A%3BSeyfried%2C+M&rft.aulast=Marks&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-12-30&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=3605&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrological+Processes&rft.issn=08856087&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fhyp.1237 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Catchment area; Energy balance; Ice melting; Snow; Ecological distribution; Shelters; Topographic effects; Runoff; Ablation; Snowmelt in forests; Topographic effects on snow cover; Snowmelt-runoff relationships; Snow accumulation; Meteorological Data Collection; Alpine Regions; Snowmelt; Forests; Vegetation; Snow Accumulation; Snow Cover; Spatial Distribution; Wind; Model Studies; Temporal Distribution; Topography DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1237 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of spatial interpolation methods for estimating snow distribution in the Colorado Rocky Mountains AN - 18904326; 5556665 AB - Our understanding of snow distribution in the mountains is limited as a result of the complex controls leading to extreme spatial variability. More accurate representations of snow distribution are greatly needed for improvements to hydrological forecasts, climate models, and for the future testing and validation of remote-sensing retrieval algorithms. In this study, the relative performances of four spatial interpolation methods were evaluated to estimate snow water equivalent for three 1 km super(2) study sites in the Colorado Rocky Mountains. Each study site is representative of different topographic and vegetative characteristics. From 1 to 11 April 2001, 550 snow depth measurements and approximately 16 snow density profiles were obtained within each study site. The analytical methods used to estimate snow depth over the 1 km super(2) areas were (1) inverse distance weighting, (2) ordinary kriging, (3) modified residual kriging and cokriging, and (4) a combined method using binary regression trees and geostatistical methods. The independent variables used were elevation, slope, aspect, net solar radiation, and vegetation. Using cross-validation procedures, each method was assessed for accuracy. The tree-based models provided the most accurate estimates for all study sites, explaining 18-30% of the observed variability in snow depth. Kriging of the regression tree residuals did not substantially improve the models. Cokriging of the residuals resulted in a less accurate model when compared with the tree-based models alone. Binary regression trees may have generated the most accurate estimates out of all methods evaluated; however, substantial portions of the variability in observed snow depth were left unexplained by the models. Though the data may have simply lacked spatial structure, it is recommended that the characteristics of the study sites, sampling strategy, and independent variables be explored further to evaluate the causes for the relatively poor model results. JF - Hydrological Processes AU - Erxleben, J AU - Elder, K AU - Davis, R AD - USDA-NRCS Snow Survey Office, 245 Jimmy Doolittle Road, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, USA, Jennifer.Erxleben@ut.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12/30/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 30 SP - 3627 EP - 3649 VL - 16 IS - 18 SN - 0885-6087, 0885-6087 KW - USA, Colorado, Rocky Mts. KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - M2 556:General (556) KW - SW 0820:Snow, ice and frost KW - M2 551.578.4:Crystalline (551.578.4) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18904326?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrological+Processes&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+spatial+interpolation+methods+for+estimating+snow+distribution+in+the+Colorado+Rocky+Mountains&rft.au=Erxleben%2C+J%3BElder%2C+K%3BDavis%2C+R&rft.aulast=Erxleben&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-12-30&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=3627&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrological+Processes&rft.issn=08856087&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fhyp.1239 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1239 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simulating wind fields and snow redistribution using terrain-based parameters to model snow accumulation and melt over a semi-arid mountain catchment AN - 18836995; 5556663 AB - In mountainous regions, wind plays a prominent role in determining snow accumulation patterns and turbulent heat exchanges, strongly affecting the timing and magnitude of snowmelt runoff. In this study, digital terrain analysis was employed to quantify aspects of the upwind topography related to wind shelter and exposure, to efficiently develop a distributed time-series of snow accumulation rates and wind speeds to force a distributed snow model. Parameters are presented that determined each grid cell's topographic exposure and potential for drift development relative to observed winds. Using meteorological data taken from both an exposed and a sheltered site in the Reynolds Mountain East watershed (0 times 38 km super(2)) in southwestern Idaho, the terrain parameters were used to distribute rates of snow accumulation and wind speeds at an hourly time step for input to ISNOBAL, an energy and mass balance snow model. Model runs were initiated prior to the development of the seasonal snow cover and continued through complete meltout for the 1986 (precipitation 128% of average), 1987 (66%), and 1989 (108%) water years. A comprehensive dataset consisting of a time series of aerial photographs taken during meltout, measured runoff, and snow data from the sheltered meteorological site were used to validate the simulations. ISNOBAL forced with accumulation rates and wind fields generated from the applied terrain parameterizations accurately modelled the observed snow distribution (including the formation of drifts and scoured wind-exposed ridges) and snowmelt runoff for all three years of study. By contrast, ISNOBAL forced with spatially constant accumulation rates and wind speeds taken from the sheltered meteorological site, a typical snow-monitoring site, overestimated peak snowmelt inputs and tended to underestimate snowmelt inputs prior to the runoff peak. JF - Hydrological Processes AU - Winstral, A AU - Marks, D AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Northwest Watershed Research Center, 800 Park Blvd, Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712, USA, awinstra@nwrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12/30/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 30 SP - 3585 EP - 3603 VL - 16 IS - 18 SN - 0885-6087, 0885-6087 KW - USA, Idaho KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Meteorological Data Collection KW - Wind field determination KW - Wind effects on snow cover KW - Snow accumulation KW - Snowmelt calculation KW - Spatial Distribution KW - Terrain Analysis KW - Model Studies KW - Mountains KW - Performance Evaluation KW - Snowmelt KW - Snow Accumulation KW - Wind KW - Temporal Distribution KW - M2 551.553:Variations at Earth's Surface (551.553) KW - M2 551.578.46:Snow cover (including depth, temperature and density) KW - SW 0820:Snow, ice and frost UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18836995?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Effect+of+exchangeable+Mg+on+saturated+hydraulic+conductivity%2C+disaggregation+and+clay+dispersion+of+disturbed+soils&rft.au=Zhang%2C+X+C%3BNorton%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=260&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=194&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wind field determination; Wind effects on snow cover; Snowmelt calculation; Snow accumulation; Mountains; Meteorological Data Collection; Performance Evaluation; Snowmelt; Snow Accumulation; Spatial Distribution; Wind; Model Studies; Temporal Distribution; Terrain Analysis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1238 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - PCR as a diagnostic tool for brucellosis AN - 18674677; 5566846 AB - Numerous PCR-based assays have been developed for the identification of Brucella to improve diagnostic capabilities. Collectively, the repertoire of assays addresses several aspects of the diagnostic process. For some purposes, the simple identification of Brucella is adequate (e.g. diagnosis of human brucellosis or contamination of food products). In these cases, a genus-specific PCR assay is sufficient. Genus-specific assays tend to be simple, robust, and somewhat permissive of environmental influences. The main genetic targets utilized for these applications are the Brucella BCSP31 gene and the 16S-23S rRNA operon. Other instances require identification of the Brucella species involved. For example, most government-sponsored brucellosis eradication programs include regulations that stipulate a species-specific response. For epidemiological trace back, strain-specific identification is helpful. Typically, differential PCR-based assays tend to be more complex and consequently more difficult to perform. Several strategies have been explored to differentiate among Brucella species and strains, including locus specific multiplexing (e.g. AMOS-PCR based on IS711), PCR-RFLP (e.g. the omp2 locus), arbitraryprimed PCR, and ERIC-PCR to name a few. This paper reviews some of the major advancements in molecular diagnostics for Brucella including the development of procedures designed for the direct analysis of a variety of clinical samples. While the progress to date is impressive, there is still room for improvement. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Bricker, B J AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, 2300 Dayton Road, Ames, IA 50010, USA, bbricker@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12/20/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 20 SP - 435 EP - 446 VL - 90 IS - 1-4 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - food products KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18674677?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=PCR+as+a+diagnostic+tool+for+brucellosis&rft.au=Bricker%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Bricker&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-12-20&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=435&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Brucellosis. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diagnostic strategies used for the identification of Brucella AN - 18672725; 5566845 JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Bricker, B J AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, 2300 Dayton Road, Ames, IA 50010, USA, bbricker@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12/20/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 20 SP - 433 EP - 434 VL - 90 IS - 1-4 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18672725?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Oleoresin+characteristics+of+progeny+of+loblolly+pines+that+escaped+attack+by+the+southern+pine+beetle&rft.au=Strom%2C+B+L%3BGoyer%2C+R+A%3BIngram%2C+L+L%3BBoyd%2C+GDL%3BLott%2C+L+H&rft.aulast=Strom&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=158&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=169&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Brucellosis. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Paradigm shifts in vaccine development: lessons learned about antigenicity, pathogenicity and virulence of Brucellae AN - 18672292; 5566853 AB - As part of a program to support the USDA Animal Plant Health Inspection Service Bovine Brucellosis Eradication Program, the Brucellosis Research Unit of the National Animal Disease Center (NADC) sought to develop a bovine brucellosis vaccine that would allow vaccinated animals to be distinguished from virulent field infected animals. In order to meet that goal, several avenues of research were undertaken to construct and test candidate vaccines, including Brucella abortus RB51. In early vaccine development studies, a subunit preparation obtained by extracting B. abortus with salts was studied as a candidate subunit vaccine. Later, molecular biological techniques were used both to clone genes encoding products found in the salt extract (BCSP31 and Cu-Zn SOD) and genes encoding proteins of B. abortus that were antigenic (HtrA) or possibly essential (two-component systems) for full virulence of B. abortus. In vitro systems using mammalian cells lines such as HeLa and macrophage-related were used along with the mouse model and host animal models. Results obtained at NADC and in other Brucellosis research laboratories, using survival in mammalian cell lines and the mouse model to access pathogenicity and virulence of genetically engineered strains, do not necessarily identify loci that are essential for full virulence or pathogenicity in the natural host, the bovine. Studies at NADC and other brucellosis laboratories showed that antigenicity was not a predictor of the effectiveness of a protein as a subunit vaccine. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Halling, S M AD - Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Unit, National Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA, shalling@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12/20/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 20 SP - 545 EP - 552 VL - 90 IS - 1-4 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - HtrA protein KW - cattle KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 310:Agricultural Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18672292?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Paradigm+shifts+in+vaccine+development%3A+lessons+learned+about+antigenicity%2C+pathogenicity+and+virulence+of+Brucellae&rft.au=Halling%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Halling&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-12-20&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=545&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Brucellosis. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) brucellosis eradication program in the United States AN - 18668598; 5566813 AB - Efforts to eradicate brucellosis caused by Brucella abortus in the United States began in 1934 as part of an economic recovery program to reduce the cattle population because of the Great Depression and concurrent severe drought conditions. A number of states saw this as an opportunity to reduce the level of brucellosis, which was the most significant livestock disease problem in the US at the time. In 1934 and 1935, the reactor rate in adult cattle tested was 11.5%. In 1954, the magnitude of the brucellosis problem in the United States in terms of economics to the cattle industry and human health prompted Congress to appropriate funds for a comprehensive national effort to eradicate brucellosis. The brucellosis eradication program was designed as a cooperative effort between the federal government, the states, and livestock producers. As the science and technology of brucellosis has developed over the years through research and experience, the eradication program has been modified many times. As of 31 December 2000, there were no affected cattle herds in the United States. This was the first time in the history of the brucellosis program that the United States had no known brucellosis affected herds. However, brucellosis has a variable, sometimes quite lengthy incubation period, so it is expected that additional affected herds will be disclosed. It is likely that additional affected herds will be disclosed before brucellosis is finally eradicated from cattle. Animal health officials remain prepared to aggressively pursue any newly disclosed affected herds to eliminate the disease as quickly as possible. The State-Federal Brucellosis Eradication Program has made tremendous progress since its inception. In an eradication program, it is critically important to recognize that, despite all the tools that are available to eliminate the disease, an effective surveillance system is the critical first step that must be in place in order to be successful. It is imperative, not only to be able to find the disease and eliminate it, but to find it before it spreads to susceptible herds. When brucellosis can be identified, contained, and eliminated before spread occurs, eradication can be achieved. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Ragan, V E AD - USDA, APHIS, Veterinary Services, 4700 River Road, Unit 43, Riverdale, MD 20737, USA, valeri.e.ragan@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12/20/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 20 SP - 11 EP - 18 VL - 90 IS - 1-4 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - cattle KW - eradication KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18668598?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=The+Animal+and+Plant+Health+Inspection+Service+%28APHIS%29+brucellosis+eradication+program+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Ragan%2C+V+E&rft.aulast=Ragan&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2002-12-20&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Brucellosis. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Changes in volatile compounds of gamma-irradiated fresh cilantro leaves during cold storage. AN - 72768613; 12475280 AB - Consumption of salsas and dishes containing cilantro has been linked to several recent outbreaks of food-borne illness due to contamination with human pathogens. Ionizing irradiation can effectively eliminate food-borne pathogens from various vegetables including cilantro. However, the effect of irradiation on aroma of fresh cilantro is unknown. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of irradiation on volatile compounds of fresh cilantro leaves. Fresh cilantro leaves (Coriandrum sativum L) were irradiated with 0, 1, 2, or 3 kGy gamma radiation and then stored at 3 degrees C up to 14 days. Volatile compounds were extracted using solid-phase microextraction (SPME), followed by gas chromatographic separation and mass spectra detection at 0, 3, 7, and 14 days after irradiation. Most of the volatile compounds identified were aldehydes. Decanal and (E)-2-decenal were the most abundant compounds, accounting for more than 80% of the total amount of identified compounds. The amounts of linalool, dodecanal, and (E)-2-dodecenal in irradiated samples were significantly lower than those in nonirradiated samples at day 14. However, the most abundant compounds [decanal and (E)-2-decenal] were not consistently affected by irradiation. During storage at 3 degrees C, the amount of most aldehydes peaked at 3 days and then decreased afterward. Our results suggest irradiation of fresh cilantro for safety enhancement at doses up to 3 kGy had minimal effect on volatile compounds compared with the losses that occurred during storage. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Fan, Xuetong AU - Sokorai, Kimberly J B AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U S Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. xfan@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2002/12/18/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 18 SP - 7622 EP - 7626 VL - 50 IS - 26 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Aldehydes KW - 0 KW - Monoterpenes KW - Plant Extracts KW - decanaldehyde KW - 31Z90Q7KQJ KW - linalool KW - D81QY6I88E KW - Index Medicus KW - Odorants -- analysis KW - Aldehydes -- analysis KW - Gamma Rays KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Volatilization KW - Monoterpenes -- analysis KW - Plant Extracts -- chemistry KW - Time Factors KW - Coriandrum -- chemistry KW - Cold Temperature KW - Plant Leaves -- chemistry KW - Food Preservation KW - Food Irradiation -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72768613?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Changes+in+volatile+compounds+of+gamma-irradiated+fresh+cilantro+leaves+during+cold+storage.&rft.au=Fan%2C+Xuetong%3BSokorai%2C+Kimberly+J+B&rft.aulast=Fan&rft.aufirst=Xuetong&rft.date=2002-12-18&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=26&rft.spage=7622&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of commercial production and product formulation stresses on the heat resistance of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (NCTC 12900) in beef burgers AN - 18600219; 5475294 AB - The effects of commercial beef burger production and product formulation on the heat resistance of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (NCTC 12900) in beef burgers were investigated. Fresh beef trimmings were inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 to approximately log sub(10) 7.0 cfu g super(-1) and subjected to standard beef burger production processes, including freezing, frozen storage and tempering. The tempered trimmings were processed in line with commercial practice to produce burgers of two formulations, a 'Quality' burger containing 100% beef and an 'Economy' burger containing 70% beef and 30% other ingredients (salt, seasoning, soya, onion and water). The burgers were then frozen and stored. Control 'unprocessed' burgers were produced to each of the above formulations using fresh beef trimmings. All burger types were heat-treated at 55, 60 or 65 degree C. Samples were examined by plating on Tryptone Soya Agar (TSA), incubated at 37 degree C for 2 h, before overlaying with SMAC (TSA/SMAC) and incubation at 37 degree C. The resultant counts were used to derive D-values for E. coli O157:H7. At each treatment temperature, the D-values from each burger formulation using frozen tempered trimmings were significantly lower (P < 0.001) than the D-values from that formulation using fresh trimmings. At each treatment temperature, the D-values from Economy burgers using processed trimmings were significantly higher (P < 0.001) than the D-values from Quality burgers using processed trimmings. A similar trend of significantly higher (P < 0.001) D-values for Economy burgers was observed using fresh trimmings. This study found that commercial processing and product formulation have profound effects on the heat resistance of E. coli O157:H7 in beef burgers. JF - International Journal of Food Microbiology AU - Byrne, C M AU - Bolton, D J AU - Sheridan, J J AU - Blair, I S AU - McDowell, DA AD - Microbiological Food Safety Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, cbyrne@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2002/12/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 15 SP - 183 EP - 192 VL - 79 IS - 3 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18600219?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+commercial+production+and+product+formulation+stresses+on+the+heat+resistance+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+%28NCTC+12900%29+in+beef+burgers&rft.au=Byrne%2C+C+M%3BBolton%2C+D+J%3BSheridan%2C+J+J%3BBlair%2C+I+S%3BMcDowell%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Byrne&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-12-15&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Looking Beneath the Surface AN - 16143825; 5532331 AB - It is widely accepted that the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere will have profound impacts on Earth's climate, including global warming, altered precipitation patterns, and increased storm intensities. The likely ecological impact of global change is typically assessed in experiments conducted in various ecosystems subjected to one or at most two such environmental changes. The paucity of multiple-factor, multiple-year global change studies limits our understanding of how ecosystem processes will respond to global climate change. On page 1987 of this issue, Shaw et al. take an important step toward a more integrated approach to understanding multiple global changes. The study raises questions about our ability to design and interpret studies for understanding long-term ecosystem responses to global change. JF - Science (Washington) AU - Morgan, JA AD - USDA-ARS Rangeland Resources Research Unit, 1701 Centre Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA, morgan@lamar.colostate.edu Y1 - 2002/12/06/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 06 SP - 1903 EP - 1904 PB - American Association for the Advancement of Science VL - 298 IS - 5600 SN - 0036-8075, 0036-8075 KW - global warming KW - Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Climatic changes KW - Man-induced effects KW - Pollution effects KW - Freshwater KW - Storms KW - Human impact KW - Climatic change causes KW - Atmospheric precipitations KW - Marine KW - Environmental impact KW - Brackish KW - Greenhouse effect KW - Anthropogenic climate changes KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - USA KW - Long-term changes KW - Global warming KW - Human factors KW - Greenhouse gases KW - Global warming effects KW - National planning KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - M2 551.583:Variations (551.583) KW - M2 551.588:Environmental Influences (551.588) KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16143825?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=Modulation+of+hormone-sensitive+lipase+and+protein+kinase+A-mediated+lipolysis+by+perilipin+A+in+an+adenoviral+reconstituted+system.&rft.au=Souza%2C+Sandra+C%3BMuliro%2C+Kizito+V%3BLiscum%2C+Laura%3BLien%2C+Ping%3BYamamoto%2C+Mia+T%3BSchaffer%2C+Jean+E%3BDallal%2C+Gerard+E%3BWang%2C+Xinzhong%3BKraemer%2C+Fredric+B%3BObin%2C+Martin%3BGreenberg%2C+Andrew+S&rft.aulast=Souza&rft.aufirst=Sandra&rft.date=2002-03-08&rft.volume=277&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=8267&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atmospheric precipitations; Long-term changes; Climatic changes; Environmental impact; Pollution effects; Man-induced effects; Greenhouse effect; Storms; National planning; Ecosystem disturbance; Global warming; Human impact; Climatic change causes; Global warming effects; Anthropogenic climate changes; Human factors; Greenhouse gases; USA; Freshwater; Brackish; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Epidemiology of Bacterial Diseases in Food-Size Channel Catfish AN - 879468733; 11690785 AB - Enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC) and columnaris are the most economically important bacterial diseases affecting the channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus industry in the United States. Although these two diseases have been extensively researched, little is known about their prevalence and epidemiology in production systems. In 1997, a two-part survey of catfish producers in Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi was conducted to estimate the proportion of ponds and catfish operations that have these diseases and to develop information on the risk factors associated with reporting an occurrence. The response rates to the two phases of the survey were 65.6% and 75.3%, respectively. Overall, 78.1% of all operations and 42.1% of all ponds experienced problems with ESC/columnaris. Higher percentages of large operations and ponds on large operations experienced these problems. The most frequently reported average loss per outbreak of the two diseases was 200-2,000 lb (1 lb = 0.454 kg) per outbreak. Univariate analysis and multivariable regression modeling of the survey data identified three possible risk factors associated with ESC/columnaris, namely, operation size, stocking density, and feeding rate. Conversely, operations that produced their own fingerlings and those that drained ponds at intervals of 3 years or less were less likely to report losses. The associations identified in this study do not establish firm causal relationships, but they do generate hypotheses about managerial and environmental interactions that represent substantial risks to production. JF - Journal of Aquatic Animal Health AU - Wagner, Bruce A AU - Wise, David J AU - Khoo, Lester H AU - Terhune, Jeffery S AD - Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 263 EP - 272 PB - American Fisheries Society, 5410 Grosvenor Ln. Bethesda MD 20814-2199 USA VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 0899-7659, 0899-7659 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Bacteria KW - Feeding KW - Aquatic animals KW - Data processing KW - Stocking KW - Epidemiology KW - Septicemia KW - Risk factors KW - Food KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - Ponds KW - J 02410:Animal Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/879468733?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Aquatic+Animal+Health&rft.atitle=The+Epidemiology+of+Bacterial+Diseases+in+Food-Size+Channel+Catfish&rft.au=Wagner%2C+Bruce+A%3BWise%2C+David+J%3BKhoo%2C+Lester+H%3BTerhune%2C+Jeffery+S&rft.aulast=Wagner&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Aquatic+Animal+Health&rft.issn=08997659&rft_id=info:doi/10.1577%2F1548-8667%282002%290142.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-04-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aquatic animals; Feeding; Stocking; Data processing; Septicemia; Epidemiology; Food; Risk factors; Ponds; Bacteria; Ictalurus punctatus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(2002)014<0263:TEOBDI>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Species composition and structure of regenerated and remnant forest patches within an urban landscape AN - 860372053; 13880160 AB - Regenerated and remnant forest patches were inventoried in Syracuse, New York, USA to determine differences in structure, species composition, human disturbances, and landscape context. Patches had similar mean stem diameter, total stem density, and total basal areas, but differed with respect to diameter distribution, disturbance regime, landscape context, and occurrence of introduced species. In regenerated patches, 23 introduced species were inventoried and they accounted for 48% of relative density. In remnant patches, only seven introduced species were inventoried and they accounted for 17% of the relative density. Cluster analyses identified two community types for remnant patches--sugar maple and black oak--and three for regenerated patches--sugar maple, Norway maple, and boxelder. For remnant patches, Rhamnus cathartica dominated the small diameter class in the black oak cluster, and Acer saccharum dominated the small diameter class in the sugar maple cluster. For regenerated patches, introduced species--A. platanoides and R. cathartica--dominated the small diameter class in the Norway cluster, and a mixture of native and introduced species--A. negundo, R. cathartica, A. saccharum, and Rhus typhina--dominated the small diameter classes in the sugar maple and boxelder clusters. Functionally, land covers containing remnant and regenerated patches, such as vacant lots and greenspaces, had the highest net rate of carbon sequestration (848.7 mt/ha/yr). JF - Urban Ecosystems AU - Zipperer, Wayne C AD - USDA Forest Service, c/o SUNY-ESF, 5 Moon Library, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA, wzipperer@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 271 EP - 290 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 6 IS - 4 SN - 1083-8155, 1083-8155 KW - Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Acer saccharum KW - Rhamnus cathartica KW - Ecosystems KW - Forests KW - introduced species KW - Carbon sequestration KW - Carbon KW - Saccharum KW - Species composition KW - disturbance KW - Landscape KW - USA, New York KW - Rhus KW - Disturbance KW - Norway KW - Introduced species KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - ENA 05:Environmental Design & Urban Ecology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860372053?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Urban+Ecosystems&rft.atitle=Species+composition+and+structure+of+regenerated+and+remnant+forest+patches+within+an+urban+landscape&rft.au=Zipperer%2C+Wayne+C&rft.aulast=Zipperer&rft.aufirst=Wayne&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Urban+Ecosystems&rft.issn=10838155&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3AUECO.0000004827.12561.d4 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carbon; Landscape; Forests; Species composition; Disturbance; Introduced species; Carbon sequestration; disturbance; Ecosystems; introduced species; Rhamnus cathartica; Acer saccharum; Saccharum; Rhus; Norway; USA, New York DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:UECO.0000004827.12561.d4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Silicon deprivation decreases collagen formation in wounds and bone, and ornithine transaminase enzyme activity in liver AN - 856759871; 13855791 AB - We have shown that silicon (Si) deprivation decreases the collagen concentration in bone of 9-wk-old rats. Finding that Si deprivation also affects collagen at different stages in bone development, collagen-forming enzymes, or collagen deposition in other tissues would have implications that Si is important for both wound healing and bone formation. Therefore, 42 rats in experiment 1 and 24 rats in experiment 2 were fed a basal diet containing 2 or 2.6 kg Si/g, respectively, based on ground corn and casein, and supplemented with either 0 or 10 kg Si/g as sodium metasilicate. At 3 wk, the femur was removed from 18 of the 42 rats in experiment 1 for hydroxyproline analysis. A polyvinyl sponge was implanted beneath the skin of the upper back of each of the 24 remaining rats. Sixteen hours before termination and 2 wk after the sponge had been implanted, each rat was given an oral dose of super(14)C-proline (1.8 kCi/100 g body wt). The total amount of hydroxyproline was significantly lower in the tibia and sponges taken from Si-deficient animals than Si-supplemented rats. The disintegrations per minute of super(14)C-proline were significantly higher in sponge extracts from Si-deficient rats than Si-supplemented rats. Additional evidence of aberrations in proline metabolism with Si deprivation was that liver ornithine aminotransferase was significantly decreased in Si-deprived animals in experiment 2. Findings of an increased accumulation of super(14)C-proline and decreased total hydroxyproline in implanted sponges and decreased activity of a key enzyme in proline synthesis (liver ornithine aminotransferase) in Si-deprived animals indicates an aberration in the formation of collagen from proline in sites other than bone that is corrected by Si. This suggests that Si is a nutrient of concern in wound healing as well as bone formation. JF - Biological Trace Element Research AU - Seaborn, C D AU - Nielsen, F H AD - USDA, ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, P.O. Box 9034, 58202-9034, Grand Forks, ND Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 251 EP - 261 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 89 IS - 3 SN - 0163-4984, 0163-4984 KW - Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Bone KW - Liver KW - Collagen KW - T:2025 KW - SW 0540:Properties of water UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856759871?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+Trace+Element+Research&rft.atitle=Silicon+deprivation+decreases+collagen+formation+in+wounds+and+bone%2C+and+ornithine+transaminase+enzyme+activity+in+liver&rft.au=Seaborn%2C+C+D%3BNielsen%2C+F+H&rft.aulast=Seaborn&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=251&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+Trace+Element+Research&rft.issn=01634984&rft_id=info:doi/10.1385%2FBTER%3A89%3A3%3A251 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Collagen; Liver DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/BTER:89:3:251 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - PCR-Based methods for identification ofEnterococcus species AN - 807274620; 13834429 AB - Two DNA-based techniques were used for species identification of enterococci.PvuII digestion of the genus-specific PCR product yielded four different restriction profiles among 20 enterococcal species; one of them was species-specific forE. faecium. In the second case, 32 reference strains belonging to 20 enterococcal species were divided to 12 groups by amplification of internal transcribed spacer of rRNA operon. Interspecies and some intraspecies profile variability was determined. Both methods gave similar results. JF - Folia Microbiologica AU - Drahovska, H AU - Kocincova, D AU - Seman, M AU - Turna, J AD - Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia, Drahovska@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 649 EP - 653 PB - Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Videnska 1083 Prague 14220 Czech Republic VL - 47 IS - 6 SN - 0015-5632, 0015-5632 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - rRNA KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Spacer KW - Operons KW - J 02310:Genetics & Taxonomy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/807274620?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Folia+Microbiologica&rft.atitle=PCR-Based+methods+for+identification+ofEnterococcus+species&rft.au=Drahovska%2C+H%3BKocincova%2C+D%3BSeman%2C+M%3BTurna%2C+J&rft.aulast=Drahovska&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=649&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Folia+Microbiologica&rft.issn=00155632&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02818665 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - rRNA; Polymerase chain reaction; Spacer; Operons DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02818665 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field evaluation of different insecticide use strategies as resistance management and control tactics for Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). AN - 72944714; 17598296 AB - Various insecticide use strategies including rotations, sequential use, and mixtures were evaluated experimentally on Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in California and Arizona (U.S.A.) cotton fields. Toxicological responses of adult B. tabaci were measured along with preimaginal densities and cotton yields from plots subjected to different insecticide regimens. Weekly monitoring for susceptibility changes over ten consecutive weeks in four different trials failed to detect significant differences between sequential use and rotation regimens, nor in comparison to the control plots. There were, however, significant differences among study-site locations and between study years as well as significant within-season time effects. Relative infestations in insecticide-treated plots expressed as a percentage of preimaginal densities in control plots indicated that better control was obtained by all insecticide treatments in conjunction with higher susceptibility levels observed in the second year. Lower preimaginal densities of B. tabaci were measured in the rotation treatment in comparison to sequential treatments of endosulfan, chlorpyrifos, or amitraz, but all were less effective than sequential treatments of bifenthrin or the mixture of bifenthrin + endosulfan. Cotton lint yields were inversely related to B. tabaci densities, with highest yields in the bifenthrin and mixture plots and lowest yields in the control plots. Suppression of B. tabaci infestations in insecticide-treated plots relative to untreated control plots also improved under conditions of lower B. tabaci pressure. The increases in cotton yield and susceptibility to insecticides seen in the current study support the trend observed in the southwestern USA of improved management of B. tabaci despite continuing intensive use of insecticides. JF - Bulletin of entomological research AU - Castle, S J AU - Toscano, N C AU - Prabhaker, N AU - Henneberry, T J AU - Palumbo, J C AD - Western Cotton Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 4135 East Broadway Road, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA. scastle@wcrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 449 EP - 460 VL - 92 IS - 6 SN - 0007-4853, 0007-4853 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Pyrethrins KW - Toluidines KW - amitraz KW - 33IAH5017S KW - bifenthrin KW - 6B66JED0KN KW - Chlorpyrifos KW - JCS58I644W KW - Endosulfan KW - OKA6A6ZD4K KW - Index Medicus KW - California KW - Animals KW - Agriculture -- methods KW - Insecticide Resistance KW - Chlorpyrifos -- toxicity KW - Pyrethrins -- toxicity KW - Gossypium -- growth & development KW - Population Density KW - Seasons KW - Arizona KW - Endosulfan -- toxicity KW - Larva -- drug effects KW - Toluidines -- toxicity KW - Insecticides -- toxicity KW - Hemiptera -- drug effects KW - Insect Control -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72944714?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+entomological+research&rft.atitle=Field+evaluation+of+different+insecticide+use+strategies+as+resistance+management+and+control+tactics+for+Bemisia+tabaci+%28Hemiptera%3A+Aleyrodidae%29.&rft.au=Castle%2C+S+J%3BToscano%2C+N+C%3BPrabhaker%2C+N%3BHenneberry%2C+T+J%3BPalumbo%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Castle&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=449&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+entomological+research&rft.issn=00074853&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2008-01-24 N1 - Date created - 2007-06-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Efficacy of ethiprole applied alone and in combination with conventional insecticides for protection of stored wheat and stored corn. AN - 72829811; 12539848 AB - The insecticidal pyrazole ethiprole, applied at rates of 7.5 and 10.0 ppm either alone or in combination treatments with deltamethrin, piperonyl butoxide, and chlorpyrifos-methyl, was evaluated as a protectant of stored wheat and stored corn. The commodities were treated with six treatment combinations, including an untreated control, and held for 6 mo at 22, 27, or 32 degrees C and 57% RH. Bioassays were conducted monthly by exposing the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), and the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), on treated wheat and the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky), and the red flour beetle on treated corn. The storage temperature of wheat did not significantly affect mortality of exposed insects (P > or = 0.05). All rice weevils were dead after 1 wk in all treatments, and no F1 adults were produced. Mortality of red flour beetles was not dependent on either chemical treatment or bioassay month, and no F1 adults were produced. The storage temperature of corn did not significantly affect mortality of exposed insects (P > or = 0.05). Mortality of maize weevils varied from 77.9 to 100% in all chemical treatments, and no F1 adults were produced. Mortality of red flour beetles was also variable among treatments and bioassay month and no F1 adults were produced. This is the first published report of a study in which pyrazoles have been evaluated against stored-grain insects. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Arthur, Frank H AD - USDA-ARS Grain Marketing and Production Research Center, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA. arthur@gmprc.ksu.edu Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 1314 EP - 1318 VL - 95 IS - 6 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Pyrazoles KW - ethiprole KW - 5527E53JNB KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Tribolium KW - Beetles KW - Pyrazoles -- administration & dosage KW - Triticum KW - Zea mays KW - Insecticides -- administration & dosage KW - Food Preservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72829811?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+ethiprole+applied+alone+and+in+combination+with+conventional+insecticides+for+protection+of+stored+wheat+and+stored+corn.&rft.au=Arthur%2C+Frank+H&rft.aulast=Arthur&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1314&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-18 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative inhibition kinetics for acetylcholinesterases extracted from organophosphate resistant and susceptible strains of Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). AN - 72827349; 12539837 AB - In this study, acetylcholinesterases (AChEs) were extracted from two Mexican Boophilus microplus strains that demonstrated resistance to the organophosphate (OP) acaricide, coumaphos, in bioassay. The rate of inhibition of the extracted AChEs by the diethyl-OP paraoxon was determined for two resistant strains and two susceptible strains of B. microplus. The time to inhibition of 50% AChE activity was approximately two-fold greater for the resistant strains. Kinetic analysis of the interaction of the resistant AChEs with paraoxon revealed reduced bimolecular reaction constants (ki). Apparent conformational changes in the AChE of the resistant strains were reflected in reduced Km and Vmax values. The bimolecular reaction constants (ki) of the resistant strains were most affected by a slower rate of enzyme phosphorylation (k2). JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Pruett, John H AD - Knipling-Bushland US Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS-SPA, Kerrville, TX 78028, USA. jhptlab@ktc.com Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 1239 EP - 1244 VL - 95 IS - 6 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Cholinesterase Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Organothiophosphorus Compounds KW - Acetylcholinesterase KW - EC 3.1.1.7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Kinetics KW - Cholinesterase Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Ixodidae -- enzymology KW - Insecticide Resistance KW - Acetylcholinesterase -- metabolism KW - Insecticides -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72827349?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Comparative+inhibition+kinetics+for+acetylcholinesterases+extracted+from+organophosphate+resistant+and+susceptible+strains+of+Boophilus+microplus+%28Acari%3A+Ixodidae%29.&rft.au=Pruett%2C+John+H&rft.aulast=Pruett&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1239&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-18 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Susceptibility of Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) to methyl bromide. AN - 72825382; 12539827 AB - Eggs, crawlers, early nymphs, late nymphs, and adults of the pink hibiscus mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green), were tested for their susceptibility to methyl bromide in 2-h laboratory fumigations at ambient conditions (25 degrees C, 95% RH). Dose-response tests indicated that the egg was the most susceptible life stage with an LC99 of 20.2 mg/liter. Based on probit analysis of dose-response data, no significant differences were observed among susceptibilities of the crawler, early stage or late stage nymphs, or adults at either the LC50 or LC99 level, but late stage nymphs were more tolerant than early stage nymphs in a separate paired comparison test. Confirmatory tests showed that a dose of 48 mg/liter methyl bromide, the USDA-Animal Plant Health Inspection Service treatment dose schedule for mealybugs at 21-26 degrees C, produced 100% mortality of all life stages. On the basis of these results, we conclude that the methyl bromide treatment schedule for mealybugs will provide quarantine security for M. hirsutus infesting commodities for export or import. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Zettler, J Larry AU - Follett, Peter A AU - Gill, Richard F AD - USDA-ARS, Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, CA 93648, USA. lzettler@fresno.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 1169 EP - 1173 VL - 95 IS - 6 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Hydrocarbons, Brominated KW - 0 KW - methyl bromide KW - 9V42E1Z7B6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Ovum -- drug effects KW - Hemiptera -- drug effects KW - Hydrocarbons, Brominated -- administration & dosage KW - Hemiptera -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72825382?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Susceptibility+of+Maconellicoccus+hirsutus+%28Homoptera%3A+Pseudococcidae%29+to+methyl+bromide.&rft.au=Zettler%2C+J+Larry%3BFollett%2C+Peter+A%3BGill%2C+Richard+F&rft.aulast=Zettler&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1169&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-18 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of high temperature and disinfectants on the viability of Sarcocystis neurona sporocysts. AN - 72822910; 12537123 AB - The effect of moist heat and several disinfectants on Sarcocystis neurona sporocysts was investigated. Sporocysts (4 million) were suspended in water and heated to 50, 55, 60, 65, and 70 C for various times and were then bioassayed in interferon gamma gene knockout (KO) mice. Sporocysts heated to 50 C for 60 min and 55 C for 5 min were infective to KO mice, whereas sporocysts heated to 55 C for 15 min and 60 C or more for 1 min were rendered noninfective to mice. Treatment with bleach (10, 20, and 100%), 2% chlorhexidine, 1% betadine, 5% o-benzyl-p-chlorophenol, 12.56% phenol, 6% benzyl ammonium chloride, and 10% formalin was not effective in killing sporocysts. Treatment with undiluted ammonium hydroxide (29.5% ammonia) for 1 hr killed sporocysts, but treatment with a 10-fold dilution (2.95% ammonia) for 6 hr did not kill sporocysts. These data indicate that heat treatment is the most effective means of killing S. neurona sporocysts in the horse feed or in the environment. JF - The Journal of parasitology AU - Dubey, J P AU - Saville, W J AU - Sreekumar, C AU - Shen, S K AU - Lindsay, O S AU - Pena, H F AU - Vianna, M C AU - Gennari, S M AU - Reed, S M AD - Parasite Biology, Epidemiology and Systematics Laboratory, Building 1001, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, USA. jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 1252 EP - 1254 VL - 88 IS - 6 SN - 0022-3395, 0022-3395 KW - Disinfectants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Animals KW - Animal Feed -- parasitology KW - Sarcocystosis -- prevention & control KW - Horse Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Horses KW - Mice KW - Raccoons KW - Sarcocystosis -- veterinary KW - Opossums KW - Mice, Knockout KW - Hot Temperature KW - Sarcocystis -- drug effects KW - Disinfection -- methods KW - Sarcocystis -- physiology KW - Disinfectants -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72822910?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+parasitology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+high+temperature+and+disinfectants+on+the+viability+of+Sarcocystis+neurona+sporocysts.&rft.au=Dubey%2C+J+P%3BSaville%2C+W+J%3BSreekumar%2C+C%3BShen%2C+S+K%3BLindsay%2C+O+S%3BPena%2C+H+F%3BVianna%2C+M+C%3BGennari%2C+S+M%3BReed%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Dubey&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1252&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+parasitology&rft.issn=00223395&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-28 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of vacuum-steam-vacuum and ionizing radiation to eliminate Listeria innocua from ham. AN - 72795795; 12495020 AB - Listeria spp. are a frequent postprocess contaminant of ready-to-eat (RTE) meat products, including ham. Vacuum-steam-vacuum (VSV) technology has been used successfully to eliminate Listeria innocua from hot dogs. Ionizing radiation can eliminate Listeria spp. from RTE meats. However, the excessive application of either technology can cause changes in product quality, including structural changes, changes in cure color (redness), and lipid oxidation. In this study, two cycles of VSV were combined with 2.0 kGy of ionizing radiation to obtain 4.40- and 4.85-log10 reductions of L. innocua on ham meat and skin, respectively. The use of both treatments resulted in an additive, as opposed to synergistic, reduction of L. innocua on ham. The combination treatment did not cause statistically significant changes in product structure, color (redness), or lipid oxidation. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Sommers, Christopher AU - Kozempel, Michael AU - Fan, Xuetong AU - Radewonuk, E Richard AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Food Safety Intervention Technologies Research Unit, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. csommers@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 1981 EP - 1983 VL - 65 IS - 12 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Humans KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Consumer Behavior KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Meat Products -- standards KW - Meat Products -- microbiology KW - Vacuum KW - Food Preservation -- methods KW - Listeria -- growth & development KW - Radiation, Ionizing KW - Listeria -- radiation effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72795795?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Use+of+vacuum-steam-vacuum+and+ionizing+radiation+to+eliminate+Listeria+innocua+from+ham.&rft.au=Sommers%2C+Christopher%3BKozempel%2C+Michael%3BFan%2C+Xuetong%3BRadewonuk%2C+E+Richard&rft.aulast=Sommers&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1981&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-25 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Composition and physiological profiling of sprout-associated microbial communities. AN - 72795749; 12495008 AB - The native microfloras of various types of sprouts (alfalfa, clover, sunflower, mung bean, and broccoli sprouts) were examined to assess the relative effects of sprout type and inoculum factors (i.e., sprout-growing facility, seed lot, and inoculation with sprout-derived inocula) on the microbial community structure of sprouts. Sprouts were sonicated for 7 min or hand shaken with glass beads for 2 min to recover native microfloras from the surface, and the resulting suspensions were diluted and plated. The culturable fraction was characterized by the density (log CFU/g), richness (e.g., number of types of bacteria), and diversity (e.g., microbial richness and evenness) of colonies on tryptic soy agar plates incubated for 48 h at 30 degrees C. The relative similarity between sprout-associated microbial communities was assessed with the use of community-level physiological profiles (CLPPs) based on patterns of utilization of 95 separate carbon sources. Aerobic plate counts of 7.96 +/- 0.91 log CFU/g of sprout tissue (fresh weight) were observed, with no statistically significant differences in microbial cell density, richness, or diversity due to sprout type, sprout-growing facility, or seed lot. CLPP analyses revealed that the microbial communities associated with alfalfa and clover sprouts are more similar than those associated with the other sprout types tested. Variability among sprout types was more extensive than any differences between microbial communities associated with alfalfa and clover sprouts from different sprout-growing facilities and seed lots. These results indicate that the subsequent testing of biocontrol agents should focus on similar organisms for alfalfa and clover, but alternative types may be most suitable for the other sprout types tested. The inoculation of alfalfa sprouts with communities derived from various sprout types had a significant, source-independent effect on microbial community structure, indicating that the process of inoculation alters the dynamics of community development regardless of the types of organisms involved. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Matos, Anabelle AU - Garland, Jay L AU - Fett, William F AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. amatos@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 1903 EP - 1908 VL - 65 IS - 12 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Space life sciences KW - NASA Center KSC KW - NASA Discipline Life Support Systems KW - Medicago -- microbiology KW - Humans KW - Helianthus -- microbiology KW - Food Contamination KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Brassica -- microbiology KW - Fabaceae -- microbiology KW - Medicago sativa -- microbiology KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Food Microbiology KW - Salmonella -- growth & development KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72795749?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Composition+and+physiological+profiling+of+sprout-associated+microbial+communities.&rft.au=Matos%2C+Anabelle%3BGarland%2C+Jay+L%3BFett%2C+William+F&rft.aulast=Matos&rft.aufirst=Anabelle&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1903&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-25 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - No effect of soybean lipoxygenase on aflatoxin production in Aspergillus flavus-inoculated seeds. AN - 72794879; 12495021 AB - Soybean lines lacking lipoxygenase (LOX) activity were compared with soybean lines having LOX activity for the ability to support growth and aflatoxin B1 production by the fungal seed pathogen Aspergillus flavus. Whole seeds, broken seeds, and heat-treated (autoclaved) whole seeds were compared. Broken seeds, irrespective of LOX presence, supported excellent fungal growth and the highest aflatoxin levels. Autoclaved whole seeds, with or without LOX, produced good fungal growth and aflatoxin levels approaching those of broken seeds. Whole soybean seeds supported sparse fungal growth and relatively low aflatoxin levels. There was no significant difference in aflatoxin production between whole soybean seeds either with or without LOX, although there did seem to be differences among the cultivars tested. The heat treatment eliminated LOX activity (in LOX+ lines), yet aflatoxin levels did not change substantially from the broken seed treatment. Broken soybean seeds possessed LOX activity (in LOX+ lines) and yet yielded the highest aflatoxin levels. The presence of active LOX did not seem to play the determinant role in the susceptibility of soybean seeds to fungal pathogens. Seed coat integrity and seed viability seem to be more important characteristics in soybean seed resistance to aflatoxin contamination. Soybean seeds lacking LOX seem safe from the threat of increased seed pathogen susceptibility. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Mellon, J K AU - Cotty, P J AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, P.O. Box 19687, New Orleans, Louisiana 70179, USA. jmellon@srrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 1984 EP - 1987 VL - 65 IS - 12 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Lipoxygenase KW - EC 1.13.11.12 KW - Index Medicus KW - Hot Temperature KW - Food Microbiology KW - Food Contamination KW - Aflatoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Lipoxygenase -- metabolism KW - Aspergillus flavus -- growth & development KW - Soybeans -- enzymology KW - Seeds -- microbiology KW - Aspergillus flavus -- metabolism KW - Lipoxygenase -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72794879?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=No+effect+of+soybean+lipoxygenase+on+aflatoxin+production+in+Aspergillus+flavus-inoculated+seeds.&rft.au=Mellon%2C+J+K%3BCotty%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Mellon&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1984&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-25 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution patterns of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground beef produced by a laboratory-scale grinder. AN - 72794683; 12495007 AB - This study determined the distribution patterns of Escherichia coli O157:1H7 in ground beef when a contaminated beef trim was introduced into a batch of uncontaminated beef trims prior to grinding in a small-scale laboratory grinder. A beef trim (15.3 +/- 2 g) was inoculated with a rifampicin-resistant strain of E. coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7rif) and introduced into a stream of noncontaminated beef (322 +/- 33 g) prior to grinding. Seven inoculum levels (6, 5, and 4 total log CFU [high]; and 3, 2, 1, and 0 total log CFU [low]) were studied in triplicate. E. coli O157:H7rif was not detected in 3.1 to 43% of the ground beef inoculated with the high levels or in 3.4 to 96.9% of the ground beef inoculated with the low levels. For all inoculum levels studied, the five ground beef fractions (each 7.8 +/- 0.6 g) with the highest pathogen levels accounted for 59 to 100% of the total pathogens detected. For all inoculum levels, there was a linear relationship between the quantity of ground beef containing E. coli O157:H7rif and the inoculum level. The quantity of E. coli O157:H7rif in the beef remaining in the grinder was proportional to the inoculum level and was related to the location in the grinder. Different components of the grinder accumulated E. coli O157:H7rif in different quantities, with the most significant accumulation being in the nut (collar) that attaches the die to the blade. This study determined specific distribution patterns of E. coli O157:H7rif after the grinding of a contaminated beef trim along with uncontaminated trims, and the results indicate that the grinding operation should be regarded as a means of distribution of microbial contamination in risk analyses of ground beef operations. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Flores, Rolando A AU - Tamplin, Mark L AD - Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. rflores@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 1894 EP - 1902 VL - 65 IS - 12 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Food Microbiology KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Equipment Contamination KW - Meat Products -- microbiology KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- isolation & purification KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Food Contamination -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72794683?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Distribution+patterns+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+in+ground+beef+produced+by+a+laboratory-scale+grinder.&rft.au=Flores%2C+Rolando+A%3BTamplin%2C+Mark+L&rft.aulast=Flores&rft.aufirst=Rolando&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1894&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-25 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The identification of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene AYT1(ORF-YLL063c) encoding an acetyltransferase. AN - 72768329; 12478589 AB - The recent isolation and characterization of Tri101 in Fusarium sporotrichioides has led to the functional identification of the yeast open reading frame (ORF) YLL063c, located on chromosome XII of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The sequence of YLL063c predicts a protein of 474 residues that has 45% identity and 70% similarity to FsTri101. FsTri101 encodes a trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase that functions in trichothecene biosynthesis. Feeding studies indicated low levels of C3-OH acetylation in cultures of the laboratory yeast strain, RW2802. No similar activity was found in RW2802 transformed with an integrative plasmid carrying a disrupted YLL063c gene. Based on these results, which show structural and functional similarities between YLL063c and FsTri101, we propose that YLL063c encodes an acetyltransferase capable of trichothecene 3-O-acetylation and have named this gene AYT1. Published in 2002 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. JF - Yeast (Chichester, England) AU - Alexander, Nancy J AU - McCormick, Susan P AU - Hohn, Thomas M AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. alexannj@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 1425 EP - 1430 VL - 19 IS - 16 SN - 0749-503X, 0749-503X KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins KW - 0 KW - Trichothecenes KW - Acetyltransferases KW - EC 2.3.1.- KW - trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase KW - Index Medicus KW - Open Reading Frames KW - Trichothecenes -- metabolism KW - Sequence Homology KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- genetics KW - Genes, Fungal KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins -- genetics KW - Acetyltransferases -- metabolism KW - Acetyltransferases -- genetics KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- enzymology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72768329?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yeast+%28Chichester%2C+England%29&rft.atitle=The+identification+of+the+Saccharomyces+cerevisiae+gene+AYT1%28ORF-YLL063c%29+encoding+an+acetyltransferase.&rft.au=Alexander%2C+Nancy+J%3BMcCormick%2C+Susan+P%3BHohn%2C+Thomas+M&rft.aulast=Alexander&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=1425&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Yeast+%28Chichester%2C+England%29&rft.issn=0749503X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-21 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immobilized lipase-catalysed production of alkyl esters of restaurant grease as biodiesel. AN - 72718046; 12452801 AB - Simple alkyl ester derivatives of restaurant grease were prepared using immobilized lipases as biocatalysts. The lipases studied included those of Thermomyces lanuginosa and Candida antarctica supported on granulated silica (gran- T.l. and gran- C.a., respectively), C. antarctica supported on a macroporous acrylic resin (SP435) and Pseudomonas cepacia immobilized within a phyllosilicate sol-gel matrix (IM PS-30). All alcoholysis reactions were carried out in solvent-free media employing a one-step addition of the alcohol to the reaction system. Of the lipases studied, IM PS-30 was found to be the most effective in catalysing the methanolysis and ethanolysis of grease. The processes catalysed by gran- T.l. and gran- C.a. lipases gave poor conversions to esters, and the SP435-catalysed reactions gave intermediate yields of ethyl and methyl esters. Water activity (a(w)) was an important factor in the methanolysis reactions; reaction media with a(w)<0.5 resulted in the highest conversions to methyl esters. Molecular sieves also improved methyl ester yields by as much as 20% in transesterification reactions catalysed by IM PS-30. The immobilized lipases also were evaluated for their ability to produce alkyl esters of grease with several additional normal and branched-chain alcohols. JF - Biotechnology and applied biochemistry AU - Hsu, An-Fei AU - Jones, Kerby AU - Foglia, Thomas A AU - Marmer, William N AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA. ahsu@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 181 EP - 186 VL - 36 SN - 0885-4513, 0885-4513 KW - Dietary Fats KW - 0 KW - Enzymes, Immobilized KW - Esters KW - Gasoline KW - Membranes, Artificial KW - Plant Oils KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - Lipase KW - EC 3.1.1.3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Enzyme Activation KW - Restaurants KW - Candida -- enzymology KW - Burkholderia cepacia -- enzymology KW - Esterification KW - Ascomycota -- enzymology KW - Enzyme Stability KW - Waste Disposal, Fluid -- methods KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Ethanol -- chemistry KW - Species Specificity KW - Catalysis KW - Lipase -- chemistry KW - Plant Oils -- chemistry KW - Enzymes, Immobilized -- metabolism KW - Enzymes, Immobilized -- chemistry KW - Lipase -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72718046?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+and+applied+biochemistry&rft.atitle=Immobilized+lipase-catalysed+production+of+alkyl+esters+of+restaurant+grease+as+biodiesel.&rft.au=Hsu%2C+An-Fei%3BJones%2C+Kerby%3BFoglia%2C+Thomas+A%3BMarmer%2C+William+N&rft.aulast=Hsu&rft.aufirst=An-Fei&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+and+applied+biochemistry&rft.issn=08854513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-06 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of hydrocarbon spills on the temperature and moisture regimes of Cryosols in the Ross Sea region AN - 51551427; 2006-067868 AB - Hydrocarbon spills have occurred on Antarctic soils where fuel oils are utilized, moved or stored. We investigated the effects of hydrocarbon spills on soil temperature and moisture regimes by comparing the properties of existing oil contaminated sites with those of nearby, uncontaminated, control sites at Scott Base, the old Marble Point camp, and Bull Pass in the Wright Valley. Hydrocarbon levels were elevated in fuel-contaminated samples. Climate stations were installed at all three locations in both contaminated and control sites. In summer at Scott Base and Marble Point the mean weekly maximum near surface (2 cm and 5 cm depth) soil temperatures were warmer (P<0.05), sometimes by more than 10 degrees C, at the contaminated site than the control sites. At Bull Pass there were no statistically significant differences in near-surface soil temperatures between contaminated and control soils. At the Scott Base and Marble Point sites soil albedo was lower, and hydrophobicity was higher, in the contaminated soils than the controls. The higher temperatures at the Scott Base and Marble Point hydrocarbon contaminated sites are attributed to the decreased surface albedo due to soil surface darkening by hydrocarbons. There were no noteworthy differences in moisture retention between contaminated and control sites. JF - Antarctic Science AU - Balks, Megan R AU - Paetzold, Ron F AU - Kimble, John M AU - Aislabie, Jackie AU - Campbell, Iain B Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 319 EP - 326 PB - Cambridge University Press, Cambridge VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 0954-1020, 0954-1020 KW - soils KW - Southern Ocean KW - permafrost KW - Scott Base KW - pollutants KW - human activity KW - pollution KW - organic compounds KW - Antarctica KW - Ross Sea KW - oil spills KW - McMurdo dry valleys KW - hydrocarbons KW - Victoria Land KW - Wright Valley KW - logistics KW - Cryosols KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51551427?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+in+clinical+care+%3A+an+official+publication+of+Tufts+University&rft.atitle=Vitamin+C+function+and+status+in+chronic+disease.&rft.au=Jacob%2C+Robert+A%3BSotoudeh%2C+Gity&rft.aulast=Jacob&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=66&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrition+in+clinical+care+%3A+an+official+publication+of+Tufts+University&rft.issn=10966781&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://journals.cambridge.org/bin/bladerunner?30REQEVENT=&REQAUTH=0&500002REQSUB=&REQSTR1=AntarcticScience LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 28 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Antarctica; Cryosols; human activity; hydrocarbons; logistics; McMurdo dry valleys; oil spills; organic compounds; permafrost; pollutants; pollution; Ross Sea; Scott Base; soils; Southern Ocean; Victoria Land; Wright Valley DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954102002000135 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nonchemical management of soilborne pests in fresh market vegetable production systems AN - 20184646; 5549500 AB - Nonchemical methods including host resistance, organic amendments, crop rotation, soil solarization, and cultural practices have been used to control soilborne pests in fresh market vegetable production systems. Their suitability as alternatives to methyl bromide will depend on the approach to pest management used by the grower. Traditionally, methyl bromide is used in production systems that rely on the single application of a broad-spectrum biocide to disinfest soils prior to planting. Non-chemical methods are not suitable for a single tactic approach to pest management because they do not provide the same broad spectrum of activity or consistency as fumigation with methyl bromide. Nonchemical methods are compatible with an integrated pest management (IPM) approach, where multiple tactics are used to maintain damage from pests below an economic threshold while minimizing the impact to beneficial organisms. However, adoption of IPM is hindered by the paucity of economically feasible sampling programs and thresholds for soilborne pests and by a reluctance of growers to commit additional resources to the collection and management of biological information. A novel approach to the management of soilborne pests is to design the crop production system to avoid pest outbreaks. Using this 'proactive' approach, a tomato production system was developed using strip-tillage into existing bahiagrass pasture. By minimizing inputs and disruption to the pasture, growers were able to reap the rotational benefits of bahiagrass without cultivating the rotational crop. While minimizing the need for interventive procedures, a proactive approach is difficult to integrate into existing crop production systems and will require several years of testing and validation. JF - Phytopathology AU - Chellemi, DO AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, 2001 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA, dchellemi@ushrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 1367 EP - 1372 VL - 92 IS - 12 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Vegetables KW - Adoption KW - crop production KW - Pasture KW - Fumigation KW - Crops KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - Soil KW - Planting KW - Economics KW - Sampling KW - Methyl bromide KW - Pests KW - Biocides KW - integrated pest management KW - crop rotation KW - pest outbreaks KW - planting KW - Pest control KW - Pest outbreaks KW - Crop rotation KW - Crop production systems KW - culture KW - A 01360:Plant Diseases KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20184646?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Nonchemical+management+of+soilborne+pests+in+fresh+market+vegetable+production+systems&rft.au=Chellemi%2C+DO&rft.aulast=Chellemi&rft.aufirst=DO&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1367&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vegetables; Pest control; Adoption; Pest outbreaks; Pasture; Crops; Fumigation; Soil; Crop rotation; Crop production systems; Planting; Economics; Biocides; Pests; Methyl bromide; Sampling; crop rotation; pest outbreaks; planting; crop production; culture; integrated pest management; Lycopersicon esculentum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling phosphorus transport in agricultural watersheds: Processes and possibilities AN - 20151515; 5561356 AB - Modeling phosphorus (P) loss from agricultural watersheds is key to quantifying the long term water quality benefits of alternative best management practices. Scientists engaged in this endeavor struggle to represent processes controlling P transport at scales and time frames that are meaningful to farmers, resource managers, and policy makers. To help overcome these challenges, we reviewed salient issues facing scientists that model P transport, providing a conceptual framework from which process-based P transport models might be evaluated. Recent advances in quantifying the release of soil P to overland and subsurface flow show that extraction coefficients relating soil and flow P are variable but can be represented as a function of land cover or erosion. Existing information on best management effects on P export should be linked to watershed models to better represent changes in P transport. The main needs of P transport models are inclusion of flexible coefficients relating soil and overland flow P, fertilizer and manure management and P loss, stream channel effects on edge-of-field P losses prior to water body input, and linkage of watershed and water-body response models. However, it is essential that the most appropriate model be carefully selected, according to a user's needs in terms of available input data, level of predictive accuracy, and scale of simulation being considered. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Sharpley, AN AU - Kleinman, PJA AU - McDowell, R W AU - Gitau, M AU - Bryant, R B AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit in University Park, Pennsylvania, USA Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 425 EP - 439 VL - 57 IS - 6 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Pollution Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - water quality KW - Phosphorus in soil KW - Resource management KW - Manure KW - Agricultural Watersheds KW - Phosphorus KW - Freshwater KW - Decision Making KW - Phosphorus in surface waters KW - Watersheds KW - Soil KW - Fertilizers KW - best practices KW - Soils KW - Fertilizer effects KW - exports KW - Water Quality KW - Best Management Practices KW - Model Studies KW - Channels KW - Water management KW - Stream KW - Agricultural Practices KW - Runoff KW - Agriculture KW - Prediction KW - water bodies KW - Streams KW - River basin management KW - Hydrologic models KW - Animal wastes KW - Simulation KW - Agrochemicals KW - Watershed chemistry KW - Erosion KW - Reviews KW - Cultivated Lands KW - AQ 00006:Sewage KW - M2 556:General (556) KW - Q2 09123:Conservation KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - M2 556.11:Water properties (556.11) KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20151515?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Modeling+phosphorus+transport+in+agricultural+watersheds%3A+Processes+and+possibilities&rft.au=Sharpley%2C+AN%3BKleinman%2C+PJA%3BMcDowell%2C+R+W%3BGitau%2C+M%3BBryant%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Sharpley&rft.aufirst=AN&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=425&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-05 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prediction; Resource management; Fertilizers; Water management; Stream; Soils; Simulation; Watersheds; River basin management; Agriculture; Erosion; Phosphorus in soil; Phosphorus in surface waters; Fertilizer effects; Watershed chemistry; Hydrologic models; water quality; exports; Manure; Animal wastes; water bodies; Phosphorus; Agrochemicals; Streams; Soil; Channels; best practices; Reviews; Agricultural Watersheds; Water Quality; Model Studies; Agricultural Practices; Best Management Practices; Cultivated Lands; Decision Making; Runoff; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of light, alien grass, and native species additions on Hawaiian dry forest restoration AN - 19702814; 5622811 AB - Alien species invasions have already caused substantial ecological and economic damage and will likely have even greater negative consequences in the future. Thus, it is imperative to improve our basic ecological understanding of these invasions and enhance our ability to reverse or mitigate their often devastating effects. Invasions by fire-promoting alien grasses have played a particularly important role in the destruction of tropical dry forests and are a major reason why these ecosystems are now among the most endangered in the world. We investigated how light availability (full sun and 50% shade), alien grass control (bulldoze, herbicide, plastic mulch, and trim treatments), and native species additions (outplanting and direct-seeding) affected the establishment of native plants and the suppression of a dominant invasive bunchgrass (fountain grass, Pennisetum setaceum) within a highly degraded fenced dry forest remnant on the island of Hawaii. The percent cover of native species increased in all light, grass control, and species addition treatments throughout the 20 mo of the experiment, and was greatest in the shade, bulldoze, and outplant treatments. Although fountain grass cover also increased over time in all grass control treatments, the three more aggressive techniques all significantly reduced grass cover relative to the more moderate trim treatment. In addition, there was a significant overall negative correlation between the final cover of fountain grass and native species, suggesting that these native species may successfully compete with fountain grass for water and/or nutrients. Outplant survival and the number of individuals established from direct-seeding differed significantly among the grass control treatments, and in each case, the response was highly species specific. Photosynthetic rates of established outplanted individuals and fountain grass did not differ significantly across most experimental environments, indicating that the local dominance of fountain grass may not be due to superior physiological attributes. The results of this experiment highlight the importance of investigating species- and treatment-specific responses before attempting larger-scale restoration projects, particularly when using rare and endangered species. This study also suggests that relatively simple techniques may be used to simultaneously establish populations of vigorous understory native species and suppress alien grasses at relatively large spatial scales, and that remnant or newly created favorable microsites may be exploited to facilitate the establishment of rarer native overstory species. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Cabin, R J AU - Weller, S G AU - Lorence, D H AU - Cordell, S AU - Hadway, L J AU - Montgomery, R AU - Goo, D AU - Urakami, A AD - USDA Forest Service, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, 23 East Kawili St., Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 1595 EP - 1610 PB - Ecological Society of America VL - 12 IS - 6 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - dominance KW - Ecosystems KW - Photosynthesis KW - mulches KW - Grasses KW - Physiology KW - exploitation KW - sun KW - dry forests KW - Islands KW - Economics KW - invasive species KW - Pennisetum setaceum KW - USA, Hawaii KW - Herbicides KW - Dry forests KW - Light effects KW - nutrients KW - Indigenous species KW - understory KW - Endangered species KW - Environmental restoration KW - survival KW - Introduced species KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19702814?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=Effects+of+light%2C+alien+grass%2C+and+native+species+additions+on+Hawaiian+dry+forest+restoration&rft.au=Cabin%2C+R+J%3BWeller%2C+S+G%3BLorence%2C+D+H%3BCordell%2C+S%3BHadway%2C+L+J%3BMontgomery%2C+R%3BGoo%2C+D%3BUrakami%2C+A&rft.aulast=Cabin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1595&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Indigenous species; Grasses; Environmental restoration; Introduced species; Dry forests; Light effects; dominance; mulches; Photosynthesis; Ecosystems; Physiology; Herbicides; exploitation; dry forests; sun; nutrients; Islands; Economics; invasive species; understory; Endangered species; survival; Pennisetum setaceum; USA, Hawaii ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrogen fate and transport in agricultural systems AN - 19643029; 5561353 AB - To sustain and maximize agricultural production in order to supply the nutritional needs of a continually growing world population, agricultural systems will need nitrogen (N) inputs. In its inert form as elemental dinitrogen (N sub(2)) gas in the atmosphere (78%), nitrogen does not impact environmental quality. But the extensive use of N in agricultural systems and the associated transformations of N into various ions or gaseous forms contribute to leaks from the N cycle. These N losses may contribute to the degradation of water, air, and soil in many regions of the world. When N is in its nitrate (NO sub(3)-) form, it is one of the most mobile ions in agricultural systems, and NO sub(3)- leaching is a primary source of the contamination in drinking water. Soil erosion that transports soil particles and N also contributes to surface water contamination. The gaseous transport of ammonia (NH sub(3)) from manures and the denitrification of NO sub(3)- and nitrite (NO sub(2)-) ions and their transformation into gaseous forms of N such as nitrous oxide (N sub(2)O) and nitric oxide (NO) can contribute to air quality and greenhouse warming impacts. Since N inputs are necessary for maintaining the viability of intensive agricultural systems, we must understand how management impacts the transformations, transport, and fate of N. The discussion of the transport and fate of N through agricultural systems must take into account the N cycle. Mitigation strategies that reduce the primary and secondary flows of N through the environment and that benefit farming and livestock operations must be developed. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Follett, R F AU - Delgado, JA AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Soil-Plant-Nutrient Research Unit in Fort Collins, Colorado, USA Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 402 EP - 407 VL - 57 IS - 6 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water Pollution KW - Land Management KW - Surface water KW - Environmental Quality KW - Agricultural production KW - Air quality KW - Particulates KW - Soil erosion KW - Nutrition KW - Soil KW - world population KW - mitigation KW - Drinking Water KW - Nitrous oxide KW - greenhouses KW - Ions KW - Animal wastes KW - Leaching KW - Nitrates KW - Global Warming KW - Livestock KW - Agricultural Practices KW - Environmental quality KW - Cultivated Lands KW - Drinking water KW - Nitrogen KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19643029?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Nitrogen+fate+and+transport+in+agricultural+systems&rft.au=Follett%2C+R+F%3BDelgado%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Follett&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=402&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ions; Leaching; Animal wastes; Nitrates; Surface water; Agricultural production; Air quality; Soil erosion; Particulates; Nutrition; Livestock; Soil; world population; mitigation; Nitrous oxide; greenhouses; Environmental quality; Drinking water; Nitrogen; Water Pollution; Drinking Water; Land Management; Environmental Quality; Agricultural Practices; Cultivated Lands; Global Warming ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydraulic Conductivity of Ohio's Glaciated Soil, Its Implications, and Suggestions for Future Studies AN - 18918934; 5645826 AB - Since 1999, hydraulic conductivity values in till have been measured by the laboratory standard test method ASTM D 5084 on undisturbed soil samples taken at depths between 3.0 m to 6.0 m (10 to 20 ft) in glacial till soils in western Ohio. Their rates on uncracked soil vary from 10 super(-6) cm/sec to 10 super(-9) cm/sec. Measurements made on till with cracks vary from 10 super(-5) cm/sec to 10 super(-8) cm/sec. Suggestions are made for future studies. JF - Ohio Journal of Science AU - Fisher, H H AD - USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service, Columbus, OH 43215, USA Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 106 EP - 109 VL - 102 IS - 5 SN - 0030-0950, 0030-0950 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Testing Procedures KW - Glacial Drift KW - Soil Properties KW - Soil Water KW - Soil Analysis KW - USA, Ohio KW - Permeability Coefficient KW - SW 6040:Soil mechanics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18918934?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+in+clinical+care+%3A+an+official+publication+of+Tufts+University&rft.atitle=An+update%3A+vitamin+E+supplementation+and+heart+disease.&rft.au=Blumberg%2C+Jeffrey+B&rft.aulast=Blumberg&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=50&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrition+in+clinical+care+%3A+an+official+publication+of+Tufts+University&rft.issn=10966781&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Testing Procedures; Glacial Drift; Soil Analysis; Soil Water; Soil Properties; Permeability Coefficient; USA, Ohio ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantifying the loss mechanisms of nitrogen AN - 18917747; 5561351 AB - Nitrogen (N) is a key factor in maintaining higher yield production and worldwide economic viability of agricultural systems. Since N is one of the most dynamic and mobile elements, its management is difficult, especially in irrigated systems where significant losses can be produced by leaching or denitrification. The major pathways for N loss are ammonia (NH sub(3)) volatilization; emissions of nitrous oxide (N sub(2)O), oxides of N (NO and NO sub(2)), and dinitrogen (N sub(2)) gases; leaching of nitrates (NO sub(3)); and off-site transport due to wind and water erosion of N tied in the organic matter and in the inorganic NO sub(3) and ammonium (NH sub(4)) compartments. Nitrogen is dynamic and mobile. Its fate and transport in agricultural systems is affected by management and unpredictable events. Its average worldwide N use efficiencies (NUEs) have been reported to be about 50% and even as low as 33% for cereals. Farmers usually apply a uniform rate of N to agricultural fields assuming that N sources, sinks, and mechanisms for loss are constant across fields. It is well documented that variability of soil properties that affect N sources makes managing N to maximize NUE difficult. Such variable soil properties include soil organic matter content, residual soil NO sub(3)-N, amount of crop residue returned to the surface soil, yield variability (N sink), and changes in soil chemical and physical properties. Fields vary from coarse gravelly areas where N losses are primarily attributed to NO sub(3)-leaching, to clayey areas where water is ponded and N losses may be primarily dominated by denitrification (N sub(2)/ N sub(2)O). Management is being established as the predominant factor that can reduce N losses in the environment. If we are to improve N management to increase NUE we will need to do it within the context of the N cycle accounting for N loss mechanisms and how to manage them. This paper will review how we can quantify these N losses. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Delgado, JA AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Soil Plant Nutrient Research Unit, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 389 EP - 398 VL - 57 IS - 6 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Land Management KW - Irrigation KW - Nutrients KW - Leaching of nitrogen KW - Nitrous oxide emissions KW - Erosion KW - Nitrogen budget KW - Nitrogen in soils KW - Cultivated Lands KW - Soil Properties KW - Soil Erosion KW - Nitrogen KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - M2 551.510.411:Surface and planetary boundary layer (PBL) (551.510.411) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18917747?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Quantifying+the+loss+mechanisms+of+nitrogen&rft.au=Delgado%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Delgado&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=389&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Erosion; Nitrous oxide emissions; Nitrogen budget; Nitrogen in soils; Irrigation; Leaching of nitrogen; Land Management; Nutrients; Soil Properties; Cultivated Lands; Soil Erosion; Nitrogen ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surface Soil Moisture Retrieval and Mapping Using High-Frequency Microwave Satellite Observations in the Southern Great Plains AN - 18910080; 5543414 AB - Studies have shown the advantages of low-frequency (<5 GHz) microwave sensors for soil moisture estimation. Although higher frequencies have limited soil moisture retrieval capabilities, there is a vast quantity of systematic global high-frequency microwave data that have been collected for 15 yr by the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I). SSM/I soil moisture studies have mostly utilized antecedent precipitation indices as validation, while only a few have employed limited ground observations, which were typically not optimal for this particular type of satellite data. In the Southern Great Plains (SGP) hydrology experiments conducted in 1997 and 1999, ground observations of soil moisture were made over an extended region for developing and validating large-scale mapping techniques. Previous studies have indicated the limitations of both the higher-frequency data and models for soil moisture retrieval. Given these limitations, an alternative retrieval technique that utilizes multipolarization observations was implemented and tested for the SGP region. A technique for extracting algorithm parameters from the observations was developed and tested. The algorithm was then used to produce soil moisture maps of the region for the two study periods. JF - Journal of Hydrometeorology AU - Jackson, T J AU - Hsu, A Y AU - O'Neill, P E AD - USDA-ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Lab, 104 Building 007, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, tjackson@hydrolab.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 688 EP - 699 PB - American Meteorological Society VL - 3 IS - 6 SN - 1525-755X, 1525-755X KW - USA, Great Plains KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - M2 551.501:Methods of Observation/Computations (551.501) KW - M2 556.14:Infiltration/Soil Moisture (556.14) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18910080?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Ecology+Notes&rft.atitle=Microsatellite+markers+for+Bromus+tectorum+%28cheatgrass%29&rft.au=Ramakrishnan%3BColeman%2C+CE%3BMeyer%2C+SE%3BFairbanks%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Ramakrishnan&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=22&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Ecology+Notes&rft.issn=14718278&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1471-8278.2001.00131.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1525-7541(2002)003(0688:SSMRAM)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of dam impoundment on the flood regime of natural floodplain communities in the upper Connecticut River AN - 18904490; 5575499 AB - Understanding the effects of dams on the inundation regime of natural floodplain communities is critical for effective decision making on dam management or dam removal. To test the implications of hydrologic alteration by dams for floodplain natural communities, we conducted a combined field and modeling study along two reaches in the Connecticut River Rapids Macrosite (CRRM), one of the last remaining flowing water sections of the Upper Connecticut River. We surveyed multiple channel cross sections at both locations and concurrently identified and surveyed the elevations of important natural communities, native species of concern, and nonnative invasive species. Using a hydrologic model, HEC-RAS, we routed estimated pre- and post-impoundment discharges of different design recurrence intervals (two year through 100 year floods) through each reach to establish corresponding reductions in elevation and effective wetted perimeter following post-dam discharge reductions. By comparing (1) the frequency and duration of flooding of these surfaces before and after impoundment and (2) the total area flooded at different recurrence intervals, our goal was to derive a spatially explicit assessment of hydrologic alteration, directly relevant to natural floodplain communities. Post-impoundment hydrologic alteration profoundly affected the subsequent inundation regime, and this impact was particularly true of higher floodplain terraces. These riparian communities, which were flooded, on average, every 20 to 100 years pre-impoundment, were predicted to flood at 100 greater than or equal to 100 year intervals, essentially isolating them completely from riverine influence. At the pre-dam five to ten year floodplain elevations, we observed smaller differences in predicted flood frequency but substantial differences in the total area flooded and in the average flood duration. For floodplain forests in the Upper Connecticut River, this alteration by impoundment suggests that even if other stresses facing these communities (human development, invasive exotics) were alleviated, this may not be sufficient to restore intact natural communities. More generally, our approach provides a way to combine site specific variables with long term gage records in assessing the restorative potential of dam removal. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Nislow, KH AU - Magilligan, F J AU - Fassnacht, H AU - Bechtel, D AU - Ruesink, A AD - Northeastern Research Station, USDA-U.S. Forest Service, Amherst, MA 01003, USA, knislow@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 1533 EP - 1548 VL - 38 IS - 6 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - USA, Connecticut R. KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Hydrological Regime KW - Riparian Vegetation KW - Ecosystems KW - Floods and flooding KW - Water resources KW - Freshwater KW - Water Resources Management KW - Ecological Effects KW - Ecology KW - Flood forecasting KW - Endemic species KW - Floods KW - Dams KW - Environmental effects KW - Hydrology KW - Floodplains KW - Dam Effects KW - Data Collections KW - Data collections KW - Ecological Distribution KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - Model Studies KW - Flood Plains KW - Flood plains KW - Water management KW - Impoundments KW - Flooding KW - Introduced species KW - Q1 08464:Other aquatic communities KW - SW 4070:Ecological impact of water development KW - Q2 09171:Dynamics of lakes and rivers KW - AQ 00005:Underground Services and Water Use KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18904490?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Effects+of+dam+impoundment+on+the+flood+regime+of+natural+floodplain+communities+in+the+upper+Connecticut+River&rft.au=Nislow%2C+KH%3BMagilligan%2C+F+J%3BFassnacht%2C+H%3BBechtel%2C+D%3BRuesink%2C+A&rft.aulast=Nislow&rft.aufirst=KH&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1533&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Endemic species; Flood forecasting; Flood plains; Dams; Floods; Impoundments; Environmental effects; Flooding; Water resources; Introduced species; Ecosystem disturbance; Ecology; Water management; Floods and flooding; Hydrology; Floodplains; Data collections; Flood Plains; Hydrological Regime; Riparian Vegetation; Ecosystems; Ecological Effects; Water Resources Management; Ecological Distribution; Dam Effects; Model Studies; Data Collections; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of 38 polymorphic microsatellite markers for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss ) AN - 18837087; 5537278 AB - Thirty-eight new microsatellite markers were developed for genome mapping and population genetics studies in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The amount of polymorphism, percentage of heterozygosity and ability of each marker to amplify genomic DNA from other salmonids were recorded. Five markers were observed to be duplicated in the rainbow trout genome by containing more than one allele in homozygous (clonal) fish. JF - Molecular Ecology Notes AU - Palti, Y AU - Fincham, M R AU - Rexroad, CE AD - National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, USDA-ARS, 11876 Leetown Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA, ypalti@ncccwa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 449 EP - 452 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 2 IS - 4 SN - 1471-8278, 1471-8278 KW - Rainbow trout KW - Salmonids KW - Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Genomes KW - Allelles KW - Polymorphism KW - Microsatellites KW - Oncorhynchus mykiss KW - Biomarkers KW - Freshwater KW - Biopolymorphism KW - Freshwater fish KW - Population genetics KW - DNA KW - Salmonidae KW - Genetic mapping KW - Q1 08345:Genetics and evolution KW - G 07371:Fish KW - D 04668:Fish KW - Q4 27210:Fish UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18837087?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Ecology+Notes&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+38+polymorphic+microsatellite+markers+for+rainbow+trout+%28Oncorhynchus+mykiss+%29&rft.au=Palti%2C+Y%3BFincham%2C+M+R%3BRexroad%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Palti&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=449&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Ecology+Notes&rft.issn=14718278&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1471-8286.2002.00274.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genomes; Population genetics; Allelles; DNA; Biomarkers; Freshwater fish; Biopolymorphism; Polymorphism; Microsatellites; Genetic mapping; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Salmonidae; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-8286.2002.00274.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modified Rapid DNA Extraction Protocol for High Throughput Microsatellite Analysis in Wheat AN - 18830631; 5716083 AB - New technology is allowing marker-assisted selection to fulfill the promise of increasing efficiency of cultivar development. However, these techniques depend upon the ability to extract DNA from large populations of plants. The objective of this project was to develop a high-throughput DNA extraction procedure without the need for greenhouse space or growing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants. A sodium hydroxide rapid DNA extraction was modified for a 96-well format to reduce costs. Seeds were germinated in 8-well tissue culture plates, and 4-d-old seedling tissue was used to extract DNA by means of sodium hydroxide methodology. Approximately 1 mu g of genomic DNA per 10 mg of tissue was isolated at a cost of about $0.10. The DNA quality was verified by amplification of microsatellite markers. Results were consistent with either fresh or stored tissue extracts. This technique allows one person to extract nearly 1000 storage-stable DNA samples daily, while keeping costs at a minimum. JF - Crop Science AU - Hill-Ambroz, K L AU - Brown-Guedira, G L AU - Fellers, J P AD - USDA-ARS Plant Science and Entomology Unit, 4008 Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, jpf@alfalfa.ksu.edu Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 2088 EP - 2091 VL - 42 IS - 6 SN - 0011-183X, 0011-183X KW - Wheat KW - amplification KW - marker-assisted selection KW - protocols KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - N 14610:Occurrence, isolation & assay KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 310:Agricultural Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18830631?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crop+Science&rft.atitle=Modified+Rapid+DNA+Extraction+Protocol+for+High+Throughput+Microsatellite+Analysis+in+Wheat&rft.au=Hill-Ambroz%2C+K+L%3BBrown-Guedira%2C+G+L%3BFellers%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Hill-Ambroz&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2088&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Crop+Science&rft.issn=0011183X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genotype Analyses of Campylobacter Isolated from Distinct Segments of the Reproductive Tracts of Broiler Breeder Hens AN - 18819536; 5690135 AB - Campylobacter isolated from feces and from the oviduct of six broiler breeder hens were genotyped by using flaA SVR DNA sequence analyses. A diversity of genotypes was observed among fecal and oviduct isolates. Comparison of isolates from the oviducts of individual hens revealed variable results. In three cases (hen 2, hen 3, and hen 6), analyses indicated that isolates from all regions of the individual hen's reproductive tract were closely related; isolates from hen 1 and hen 4 were diverse. Comparison of the Campylobacter isolates between hens revealed that in two cases, hens 1 and 3 and hens 4 and 6, certain isolates possessed identical flaA SVR sequence types. Comparisons of Campylobacter isolates recovered from a distinct region of the oviduct were found to have increased diversity as sampling progressed down the oviduct. This study further demonstrates that Campylobacter is present within the reproductive tract of breeder hens and that this presence may enable vertical transmission of Campylobacter from the breeder hen to the broiler offspring. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Hiett, K L AU - Cox, NA AU - Buhr, R J AU - Stern, N J AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Poultry Microbiological Safety Research Unit, Russell Research Center, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30604-5677, USA Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 400 EP - 404 PB - Springer-Verlag, Life Science Journals VL - 45 IS - 6 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - Red junglefowl KW - chickens KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18819536?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Genotype+Analyses+of+Campylobacter+Isolated+from+Distinct+Segments+of+the+Reproductive+Tracts+of+Broiler+Breeder+Hens&rft.au=Hiett%2C+K+L%3BCox%2C+NA%3BBuhr%2C+R+J%3BStern%2C+N+J&rft.aulast=Hiett&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=400&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00284-002-3771-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00284-002-3771-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monoclonal Antibody to Fenbendazole: Utility in Residue Studies AN - 18781158; 5649154 AB - A monoclonal antibody-based ELISA was developed for fenbendazole, a widely used benzimidazole anthelmintic, with approved uses in cattle and other food animals. The antibody was elicited using as hapten 2-succinamido-5(6)-phenylthiobenzimidazole, which was conjugated with bovine serum albumin to produce an immunogen and with horseradish peroxidase to prepare a labeled ligand. The ELISA was performed on aqueous extracts of bovine liver or diluted milk samples. In bovine liver, the limit of detection was 200 ppb; in the milk matrix, the limit of detection was 3 ppb. The ELISA method is a simple approach to screen food samples for residues of fenbendazole. JF - Food and Agricultural Immunology AU - Brandon, D L AU - Bates, AH AU - Binder, R G AU - Montague, WC Jr AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA, dbrandon@pw.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 275 EP - 283 VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 0954-0105, 0954-0105 KW - fenbendazole KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W2 32375:Antibodies KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18781158?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Agricultural+Immunology&rft.atitle=Monoclonal+Antibody+to+Fenbendazole%3A+Utility+in+Residue+Studies&rft.au=Brandon%2C+D+L%3BBates%2C+AH%3BBinder%2C+R+G%3BMontague%2C+WC+Jr&rft.aulast=Brandon&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Agricultural+Immunology&rft.issn=09540105&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F0954010021000096364 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0954010021000096364 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - High resolution characterization of soil biological communities by nucleic acid and fatty acid analyses AN - 18762008; 5633704 AB - Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and length heterogeneity-polymerase chain reaction (LH-PCR) analyses were used to generate `fingerprints' of FAMEs and eubacterial 16S rDNA sequences characteristic of agricultural soil communities. We hypothesized that pooling data from two methods that characterized different components of soil biological communities would improve the resolution of fingerprints characterizing the effects of contrasting tillage and ground cover practices. By using supervised classifications of FAME and LH-PCR, a discriminant analysis procedure distinguished soils from contrasting tillage and ground cover management and predicted the origin of soil samples. Used independently, FAME provided higher resolution of tillage, ground cover, and field location than LH-PCR, but LH-PCR was effective at identifying field location. Pooling data from both methods did not enhance the predictive power. A comparison of linear discriminant analysis, quadratic discriminant analysis, and nonparametric density estimation demonstrated that minimizing assumptions about data distribution improved the capacity of FAME analysis to resolve differences in soil types. Use of a purely statistical Bayesian method to select a subset of fatty acids (FA's) as variables in discriminant analyses identified FA's that represented signature FA's for specific groups of organisms. JF - Soil Biology and Biochemistry AU - Dierksen, K P AU - Whittaker, G W AU - Banowetz, G M AU - Azevedo, MD AU - Kennedy, A C AU - Steiner, J J AU - Griffith, S M AD - USDA/ARS, 3450 S.W. Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA, banowetg@onid.orst.edu Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 1853 EP - 1860 VL - 34 IS - 12 SN - 0038-0717, 0038-0717 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01047:General KW - D 04001:Methodology - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18762008?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=High+resolution+characterization+of+soil+biological+communities+by+nucleic+acid+and+fatty+acid+analyses&rft.au=Dierksen%2C+K+P%3BWhittaker%2C+G+W%3BBanowetz%2C+G+M%3BAzevedo%2C+MD%3BKennedy%2C+A+C%3BSteiner%2C+J+J%3BGriffith%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Dierksen&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1853&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00380717&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predicting head cut erosion and migration in concentrated flows typical of upland areas AN - 18702105; 5593742 AB - Soil erosion due to head cut development and migration can devastate agricultural lands, yet current prediction technology does not address this important erosion process. Here an analytical model of this erosional phenomenon is presented. Realistic, physically based approximations to the laws governing mass, momentum, and energy transfer in the neighborhood of the scour hole result in closed-form predictive algorithms for the magnitude of the plunge pool erosion and the rate of head cut migration. The model introduces a special treatment of nonventilated overfall conditions, is limited to homogeneous, unbounded soil layers, and is validated by available experimental measurements. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Alonso, C V AU - Bennett, S J AU - Stein, O R AD - National Sedimentation Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Oxford, MS, USA Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 VL - 38 IS - 12 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Mathematical Models KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Spatial Distribution KW - Model Studies KW - Time dependent KW - Erosion KW - Geomorphology KW - Distribution (Mathematical) KW - Scour KW - Upstream KW - Channel Morphology KW - Channel Scour KW - Channel Erosion KW - Temporal Distribution KW - Channels (see also Streams) KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18702105?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Predicting+head+cut+erosion+and+migration+in+concentrated+flows+typical+of+upland+areas&rft.au=Alonso%2C+C+V%3BBennett%2C+S+J%3BStein%2C+O+R&rft.aulast=Alonso&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2001WR001173 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Time dependent; Erosion; Geomorphology; Distribution (Mathematical); Scour; Modelling (-general-); Channels (see also Streams); Mathematical Models; Upstream; Spatial Distribution; Channel Scour; Channel Morphology; Channel Erosion; Model Studies; Temporal Distribution DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001WR001173 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Remote sensing of Macartney rose in the Texas Coastal Prairie AN - 18690684; 5585393 AB - Macartney rose (Rosa bracteata) is an evergreen shrub that often creates a range management problem in southeastern Texas. A study was conducted to determine the potential of using remote sensing technology to distinguish Macartney rose on the Texas Coastal Prairie. Field reflectance measurements showed that Macartney rose had higher near-infrared reflectance than associated plant species and mixtures of species in February and March. Macartney rose had a bright red image tonal response on color-infrared aerial photographs obtained in late winter. Computer analysis of a color-infrared photographic transparency showed that Macartney rose populations could be quantified. An accuracy assessment performed on the classified image showed that both the user's accuracy and producer's accuracy for Macartney rose were 100%. JF - Southwestern Naturalist AU - Everitt, J H AU - Yang, C AU - Wilson, R F AU - Alaniz, MA AU - Davis, M R AD - Integrated Farming and Natural Resources Research USDA-ARS, 2413 E. Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA, jeveritt@weslaco.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 566 EP - 575 VL - 47 IS - 4 SN - 0038-4909, 0038-4909 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18690684?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southwestern+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Remote+sensing+of+Macartney+rose+in+the+Texas+Coastal+Prairie&rft.au=Everitt%2C+J+H%3BYang%2C+C%3BWilson%2C+R+F%3BAlaniz%2C+MA%3BDavis%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Everitt&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fsj%2Fjim%2F7000231 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Update for Combustion Properties of Wood Components AN - 18685945; 5582038 AB - The combustion properties of various biomass and wood materials from various references and from our laboratory were reanalysed. The net heat of combustion for cellulosic materials was found to be 13.23 kJ/g times the ratio of stoichiometric oxygen mass to fuel mass, r sub(o), regardless of the material composition. Bomb calorimeter data for original, charred and volatilized material components provide gross heating values, while elemental analysis of the materials for carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and ash provide direct evaluation for r sub(o). We corrected these data as provided in various references by converting gross heating values to lower heating values and converting elemental compositions, char fractions and r sub(o) to a moisture-free and ash-free basis. Some existing formulae were found to disagree with data from vegetation, charred wood with high ash content, and with volatiles from cellulose treated with the fire retardant NaOH. We also established various functional correlations of r sub(o) with elemental compositions, or volatization fractions of untreated and treated materials, or material fractions for cellulose, lignin and extractives, or volatile fractions for tar, combustible gases and inert gases in pure nitrogen carrier gas. An interesting predictive result provides nearly constant heat of combustion while the volatile tar fraction is decreasing and combustible and inert gas fractions are increasing with time during the charring of Douglas-fir wood. JF - Fire and Materials AU - Dietenberger, M AD - USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, One Glifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI 53726-2398, USA, mdietenberger@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 255 EP - 267 VL - 26 IS - 6 SN - 0308-0501, 0308-0501 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 7000:Fire Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18685945?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fire+and+Materials&rft.atitle=Update+for+Combustion+Properties+of+Wood+Components&rft.au=Dietenberger%2C+M&rft.aulast=Dietenberger&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fire+and+Materials&rft.issn=03080501&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Ffam.807 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.807 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Normalizing sweet orange (C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck) somatic embryogenesis with semi-permeable membranes AN - 18682446; 5574964 AB - Development of citrus somatic embryos initiated from embryogenic callus generally results in abnormal morphogenesis of somatic embryos. To normalize development, glycerol-induced globular-stage somatic embryos of sweet orange [C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. 'Hamlin'] were cultured on 6000-8000 MW cutoff cellulose acetate, >400 000 MW cutoff cellulose acetate, nitrocellulose, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), cellulose filter paper, or positive or neutral charged nylon membranes. Only the two cellulose acetate membranes resulted in the development of normal, two-cotyledon, bipolar, heart-shaped embryos, and no aberrant teratoma-like structures. Heart-shaped embryos developed and germinated normally on Murashige and Tucker basal medium with 0.5% sucrose and 1 mu M gibberellic acid. Culture of embryogenic callus directly onto cellulose membranes also resulted in the development of normal heart-shaped embryos, indicating that glycerol induction of globular-stage embryos is not necessary. Heart-shaped embryos were not observed when the osmotic potential of the medium was increased by the addition of 2.5-15% polyethylene glycol; neither were they observed when the matric potential of the medium was increased by increasing the gelling agent concentrations of agar and Gelrite from 0.8% to 3% and 0.15% to 0.9%, respectively. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant AU - Niedz, R P AU - Hyndman, SE AU - Wynn, E T AU - Bausher, M G AD - Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, 2001 South Rock Road, Ft. Pierce, FL 34945-3030, USA, rniedz@ushrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 552 EP - 557 VL - 38 IS - 6 SN - 1054-5476, 1054-5476 KW - Sweet orange KW - cellulose acetate KW - glycerol KW - nitrocellulose KW - nylon KW - polyvinylidene fluoride KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W2 32440:Plant breeding KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18682446?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.atitle=Normalizing+sweet+orange+%28C.+sinensis+%28L.%29+Osbeck%29+somatic+embryogenesis+with+semi-permeable+membranes&rft.au=Niedz%2C+R+P%3BHyndman%2C+SE%3BWynn%2C+E+T%3BBausher%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Niedz&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=552&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.issn=10545476&rft_id=info:doi/10.1079%2FIVP2002331 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/IVP2002331 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Energy dissipation and photoinhibition in Douglas-fir needles with a fungal-mediated reduction in photosynthetic rates AN - 18677215; 5568725 AB - The dissipation of absorbed light and potential for photooxidative damage was explored in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings with and without Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii infection. The presence of P. gaeumannii significantly reduced net CO sub(2) assimilation rates from ca. 6 mu mol/m super(2)/s to 1.5 mu mol/m super(2)/s, without any significant impact on chloroplast pigments. The partitioning of absorbed light-energy to photochemistry or thermal dissipation was determined from chlorophyll fluorescence measurements. Maximum thermal dissipation for both control and infected needles was ca. 80%, consistent with the similar xanthophyll pool sizes in the two treatments. At high photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), when thermal dissipation was maximized, the lower photochemical utilization in infected needles resulted in greater amounts of excess absorbed light (ca. 20 and 10% for the infected and control needles, respectively). A second experiment, monitoring changes in photosystem II (PSII) efficiency (F sub(v)/F sub(m)) in response to a 1 h high light treatment (PPFD = 2000 mu mol/m super(2)/s) also suggests that infected needles absorb greater amounts of excess light. In this experiment, declines in F sub(v)/F sub(m) were 1.5 times greater in infected needles, despite the similar xanthophyll pool sizes. Furthermore, increases in minimum fluorescence (178 and 122% of initial values for the infected and control needles, respectively) suggest that the reduction in PSII efficiency is largely attributable to photooxidative damage. Finally, reductions in PSII efficiency under high light conditions provide a plausible explanation for the greater pathogenicity (e.g. premature needle abscission) of P. gaeumannii in sun-exposed foliage. JF - Journal of Phytopathology AU - Manter, D K AD - USDA Forest Service, PNW Research Station, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA, dmanter@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 674 EP - 679 VL - 150 IS - 11-12 SN - 0931-1785, 0931-1785 KW - Douglas-fir KW - chlorophyll KW - photosystem II KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18677215?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Energy+dissipation+and+photoinhibition+in+Douglas-fir+needles+with+a+fungal-mediated+reduction+in+photosynthetic+rates&rft.au=Manter%2C+D+K&rft.aulast=Manter&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=150&rft.issue=11-12&rft.spage=674&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Phytopathology&rft.issn=09311785&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mineralization of manure nutrients AN - 18669855; 5561361 AB - In order to apply manure or compost to fulfill the nutrient requirements of a crop, knowledge of the amount of nutrients mineralized following application is needed. Nutrient mineralization from applied manure depends on temperature, soil moisture, soil properties, manure characteristics, and microbial activity. Since these factors cannot be accurately predicted, nutrient mineralization from applied manure can only be approximated. Nitrogen (N) availability from applied manure includes the inorganic N (NO sub(3)-N and NH sub(4)-N) in manure plus the amount of organic N mineralized following application. Nitrogen mineralization differs for different manure types since the inorganic/organic fraction and quality of organic N varies among manure types. Mineralization of organic N is expected to be low for composted manure ( similar to 18%) and high for swine or poultry (hens) manure ( similar to 55%). Phosphorus (P) availability from all animal production sources of manure is high (> 70%), as most of the manure P is inorganic and becomes plant-available after application. Potassium (K) availability from manure is nearly 100%; therefore, manure can be used similar to K fertilizer. When manure was analyzed for plant-available nutrients, greater than 55% of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) and less than 40% of zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), sulfur (S), and boron (B) were plant-available. To effectively utilize the nutrients in manure, their mineralization potential should be considered when determining application rates. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Eghball, B AU - Wienhold, B J AU - Gilley, JE AU - Eigenberg, R A AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) in Lincoln, Nebraska, USA Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 470 EP - 473 VL - 57 IS - 6 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Fertilizers KW - Manure KW - Agricultural Chemicals KW - Agricultural Practices KW - Nutrients KW - Cultivated Lands KW - Mineralization KW - Animal Wastes KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18669855?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Mineralization+of+manure+nutrients&rft.au=Eghball%2C+B%3BWienhold%2C+B+J%3BGilley%2C+JE%3BEigenberg%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Eghball&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=470&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fertilizers; Agricultural Chemicals; Manure; Agricultural Practices; Nutrients; Cultivated Lands; Animal Wastes; Mineralization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The binding and degradation of nisin by mixed ruminal bacteria AN - 18665812; 5568913 AB - We found that nisin catalyzed potassium efflux from glycolyzing Streptococcus bovis JB1 cell suspensions and that the steady state concentration of residual potassium was dependent upon the amount of nisin added. The relationship between nisin concentration and potassium depletion was a saturation function that had considerable cooperativity. By pre-incubating mixed ruminal bacteria with nisin and removing them prior to S. bovis JB1 addition, it was possible to estimate the ability of mixed ruminal bacteria to bind or degrade nisin. Low concentrations of mixed ruminal bacteria did not bind or degrade all of the nisin in 6 h, but little nisin remained if the mixed ruminal bacteria were present at more than 50 mu g protein ml super(-1). Because cell-free ruminal fluid (10% v/v) inactivated the nisin in less than 2 h, and this inactivation could be counteracted by autoclaving, ultra-filtration or proteinase inhibitor, it appeared that there was an enzymatic degradation of nisin. Mixed ruminal bacteria degraded nisin rapidly, but this degradation did not prevent potassium depletion from mixed ruminal bacteria. These latter results indicated that nisin binding was faster than nisin degradation. The idea that nisin binding could protect nisin from degradation was supported by the observation that intact nisin could be extracted from mixed ruminal bacteria. These observations support the hypothesis that bacteriocins can be used to modify ruminal fermentation, but further work will be needed to see if these peptides can be produced economically. JF - FEMS Microbiology Ecology AU - Lee, S S AU - Mantovani, H C AU - Russell, J B AD - Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA, jbr8@cornell.edu Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 339 EP - 345 VL - 42 IS - 3 SN - 0168-6496, 0168-6496 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18665812?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Ecology&rft.atitle=The+binding+and+degradation+of+nisin+by+mixed+ruminal+bacteria&rft.au=Lee%2C+S+S%3BMantovani%2C+H+C%3BRussell%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=339&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Ecology&rft.issn=01686496&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological approaches for control of root pathogens of strawberry AN - 18651572; 5549498 AB - Soil fumigation with methyl bromide plus chloropicrin is used as a preplant treatment to control a broad range of pathogens in high-value annual crop production systems. In California, fumigation is used on approximately 10,125 ha of strawberry production to control pathogens ranging from Verticillium dahliae to root pruning pathogens such as Pythium, Rhizoctonia, or Cylindrocarpon spp. In addition to pathogen control, fumigation also causes an enhanced growth response of the plant and reduces weed pressure. The development of successful, long-term cost effective biocontrol strategies most likely will require the development of an integrated systems approach that incorporates diverse aspects of the crop production system. Although application of single microbial inoculants may provide some level of control for specific production problems, it will be a challenge to provide the broad spectrum of activity needed in production fields. JF - Phytopathology AU - Martin, F N AU - Bull, C T AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, 1636 East Alisal St., Salinas, CA 93905, USA, fmartin@pw.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 1356 EP - 1362 VL - 92 IS - 12 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - strawberry KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18651572?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Biological+approaches+for+control+of+root+pathogens+of+strawberry&rft.au=Martin%2C+F+N%3BBull%2C+C+T&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1356&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alterations in Taxol Production in Plant Cell Culture via Manipulation of the Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase Pathway AN - 18650695; 5559067 AB - One approach to increasing secondary metabolite production in plant cell culture is to manipulate metabolic pathways to utilize more resources toward production of one desired compound or class of compounds, such as diverting carbon flux from competing secondary pathways. Since phenylalanine provides both the phenylisoserine side chain and the benzoyl moiety at C-2 of Taxol, we speculated that blockage of the phenylpropanoid pathway might divert phenylalanine into Taxol biosynthesis. We used specific enzyme inhibitors to target the first enzyme in the phenylpropanoid pathway, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), the critical control point for conversion of L-phenylalanine to trans-cinnamic acid. Cinnamic acid acted quickly in reducing PAL activity by 40-50%, without affecting total protein levels, but it generally inhibited the taxane pathway, reducing Taxol by 90% of control levels. Of the taxanes produced, 13-acetyl-9-dihydro-baccatin III and 9-dihydrobaccatin III doubled as a percentage of total taxanes in C93AD and CO93P cells treated with 0.20 and 0.25 mM cinnamic acid, when all other taxanes were lowered. The PAL inhibitor alpha -aminooxyacetic acid (AOA) almost entirely shut down Taxol production at both 0.5 and 1.5 mM, whereas L- alpha -aminooxy- beta -phenylpropionic acid (AOPP) had the opposite effect, slightly enhancing Taxol production at 1 mu M but having no effect at 10 mu M. The discrepancy in the effectiveness of AOA and AOPP and the lack of effect with addition of phenylalanine or benzoic acid derivatives further indicates that the impact of cinnamic acid on Taxol is related not to its effect on PAL but rather to a specific effect on the taxane pathway. On the basis of these results, a less direct route for inhibiting the phenylpropanoid pathway may be required to avoid unwanted side effects and potentially enhance Taxol production. JF - Biotechnology Progress AU - Brincat, M C AU - Gibson, D M AU - Shuler, M L AD - Department of Chemical Engineering, Cornell University, and USDA, ARS, U.S. Plant, Soil, and Nutrition Lab, Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA, dmg6@cornell.edu Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 1149 EP - 1156 VL - 18 IS - 6 SN - 8756-7938, 8756-7938 KW - 13-acetyl-9-dihydro-baccatin III KW - 9-dihydrobaccatin III KW - Taxol KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32370:Antibiotics and antitumor agents KW - W4 320:Cell Culture & Batch Fermentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18650695?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Progress&rft.atitle=Alterations+in+Taxol+Production+in+Plant+Cell+Culture+via+Manipulation+of+the+Phenylalanine+Ammonia+Lyase+Pathway&rft.au=Brincat%2C+M+C%3BGibson%2C+D+M%3BShuler%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Brincat&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Progress&rft.issn=87567938&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fbp0256115 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bp0256115 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cultural management of microbial community structure to enhance growth of apple in replant soils AN - 18649970; 5549499 AB - Apple replant disease typically is managed through pre-plant application of broad-spectrum soil fumigants including methyl bromide. The impending loss or restricted use of soil fumigants and the needs of an expanding organic tree fruit industry necessitate the development of alternative control measures. The microbial community resident in a wheat field soil was shown to suppress components of the microbial complex that incites apple replant disease. Pseudomonas putida was the primary fluorescent pseudomonad recovered from suppressive soil, whereas Pseudomonas fluorescens bv. III was dominant in a conducive soil; the latter developed within 3 years of orchard establishment at the same site. In greenhouse studies, cultivation of wheat in replant orchard soils prior to planting apple suppressed disease development. Disease suppression was induced in a wheat cultivar-specific manner. Wheat cultivars that enhanced apple seedling growth altered the dominant fluorescent pseudomonad from Pseudomonas fluorescens bv. III to Pseudomonas putida. The microbial community resident in replant orchard soils after growing wheat also was suppressive to an introduced isolate of Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group 5, which causes root rot of apple. Incorporation of high glucosinolate containing rapeseed ('Dwarf Essex') meal also enhanced growth of apple in replant soils through suppression of Rhizoctonia spp., Cylindrocarpon spp., and Pratylenchus penetrans. Integration of these methods will require knowledge of the impact of the biofumigant component on the wheat-induced disease-suppressive microbial community. Implementation of these control strategies for management of apple replant disease awaits confirmation from ongoing field validation trials. JF - Phytopathology AU - Mazzola, M AU - Granatstein, D M AU - Elfving, D C AU - Mullinix, K AU - Gu, Y-H AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, 1104 N. Western Ave., Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA, mazzola@tfrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 1363 EP - 1366 VL - 92 IS - 12 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18649970?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Cultural+management+of+microbial+community+structure+to+enhance+growth+of+apple+in+replant+soils&rft.au=Mazzola%2C+M%3BGranatstein%2C+D+M%3BElfving%2C+D+C%3BMullinix%2C+K%3BGu%2C+Y-H&rft.aulast=Mazzola&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1363&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Greenhouse and field evaluation of biological control of Fusarium head blight on durum wheat AN - 18647553; 5549505 AB - Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease that causes extensive yield and quality losses to wheat and barley. In durum wheat, the pathogen-produced toxin deoxynivalenol (DON) is retained in semolina at approximately 50%, and the causal agent of FHB, Gibberella zeae, has a strong adverse effect on pasta color. Two bacteria and two yeast strains with known efficacy against G. zeae on hexaploid wheats were produced in liquid culture and assayed on two cultivars of durum wheat in greenhouse bioassays. All antagonists reduced FHB severity on cultivar Renville, and three of the four reduced severity on cultivar Ben, with Bacillus subtilis strain AS 43.3 decreasing FHB severity by as much as 90%. In separate greenhouse bioassays, the carbon:nitrogen ratio of the medium used to produce antagonists did not consistently influence antagonist efficacy. All antagonist/production medium combinations but one were effective in reducing disease on both durum cultivars. Of six antagonists tested at field sites, Cryptococcus sp. OH 71.4 and C. nodaensis OH 182.9 reduced disease severity by as much as 57% in Peoria, IL, while Cryptococcus sp. OH 181.1 reduced disease severity by as much as 59% in a trial at Langdon, ND. Antagonists did not influence the DON content of grain in the Peoria trial. Relative performance indices for four antagonists calculated from greenhouse and field results on the two durum cultivars demonstrated that the bioassay location, but not the cultivar of durum, influenced the relative performance of antagonists. Yeast antagonists OH 71.4, OH 181.1, and OH 182.9 appear to have the highest potential for contributing to the reduction of FHB on durum wheat in the field. JF - Plant Disease AU - Schisler, DA AU - Khan, NI AU - Boehm, MJ AU - Slininger, P J AD - Research Plant Pathologist, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research (NCAUR), Peoria, IL 61604, USA, Schislda@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 1350 EP - 1356 VL - 86 IS - 12 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - wheat KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18647553?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Greenhouse+and+field+evaluation+of+biological+control+of+Fusarium+head+blight+on+durum+wheat&rft.au=Schisler%2C+DA%3BKhan%2C+NI%3BBoehm%2C+MJ%3BSlininger%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Schisler&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1350&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Engineering deoxynivalenol metabolism in wheat through the expression of a fungal trichothecene acetyltransferase gene AN - 18646602; 5554314 AB - Fusarium head blight occurs in cereals throughout the world and is especially important in humid growing regions. Fusarium head blight (FHB) has re-emerged as a major disease of wheat and barley in the U.S. and Canada since 1993. The primary causal agents of FHB, Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum, can produce deoxynivalenol (DON), a trichothecene mycotoxin that enhances disease severity and poses a health hazard to humans and monogastric animals. To reduce the effects of DON on wheat, we have introduced FsTRI101, a Fusarium sporotrichioides gene formerly known as TriR, into the regenerable cultivar Bobwhite. TRI101 encodes an enzyme that transfers an acetyl moiety to the C3 hydroxyl group of trichothecenes. Four different transgenic plants carrying the FsTRI101 gene were identified. Although expression levels varied among the four lines, all of them accumulated FsTRI101 transcripts in endosperm and glume. TRI101-encoded acetyltransferase activity was detected in endosperm extracts of a single plant that accumulated FsTRI101 mRNA. Greenhouse resistance tests indicated that the accumulation of FsTRI101-encoded acetyltransferase in this plant confers partial protection against the spread of F. graminearum in inoculated wheat heads (spikes). JF - Theoretical and Applied Genetics AU - Okubara, P A AU - Blechl, A E AU - McCormick, S P AU - Alexander, N J AU - Macky, R D AU - Hohn, T M AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California, USA 94710-1105 Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 74 EP - 83 PB - Springer-Verlag, [URL:http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00122/bibs/2106 001/21060074.htm] VL - 106 IS - 1 SN - 0040-5752, 0040-5752 KW - TriR gene KW - Wheat KW - deoxynivalenol KW - metabolic engineering KW - trichothecene acetyltransferase KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - G 07358:Monocotyledons (crops) KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - G 07120:Recombinant DNA/Genetic engineering KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 310:Agricultural Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18646602?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Theoretical+and+Applied+Genetics&rft.atitle=Engineering+deoxynivalenol+metabolism+in+wheat+through+the+expression+of+a+fungal+trichothecene+acetyltransferase+gene&rft.au=Okubara%2C+P+A%3BBlechl%2C+A+E%3BMcCormick%2C+S+P%3BAlexander%2C+N+J%3BMacky%2C+R+D%3BHohn%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Okubara&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=74&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Theoretical+and+Applied+Genetics&rft.issn=00405752&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00122-002-1066-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00122-002-1066-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wheat genotype-specific induction of soil microbial communities suppressive to disease incited by Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group (AG)-5 and AG-8 AN - 18645242; 5551341 AB - The induction of disease-suppressive soils in response to specific cropping sequences has been demonstrated for numerous plant-pathogen systems. The role of host genotype in elicitation of the essential transformations in soil microbial community structure that lead to disease suppression has not been fully recognized. Apple orchard soils were planted with three successive 28-day cycles of specific wheat cultivars in the greenhouse prior to infestation with Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group (AG)-5 or AG-8. Suppressiveness to Rhizoctonia root rot of apple caused by the introduced isolate of R. solani AG-5 was induced in a wheat cultivar-specific manner. Pasteurization of soils after wheat cultivation and prior to pathogen introduction eliminated the disease suppressive potential of the soil. Wheat cultivars that induced disease suppression enhanced populations of specific fluorescent pseudomonad genotypes with antagonistic activity toward R. solani AG-5 and AG-8, but cultivars that did not elicit a disease suppressive soil did not modify the antagonistic capacity of this bacterial community. When soils were infested prior to the initial wheat planting, all cultivars were uniformly susceptible to R. solani AG-8. However, when pathogen inoculum was added after three growth-cycles, wheat root infection during the fourth growth-cycle varied in a cultivar specific manner. The same wheat cultivar-specific response in terms of transformation of the fluorescent pseudomonad community and subsequent suppression of Rhizoctonia root rot of apple was observed in three different orchard soils. These results demonstrate the importance of host genotype in modification of indigenous saprophytic microbial communities and suggest an important role for host genotype in the success of biological control. JF - Phytopathology AU - Mazzola, M AU - Gu, Y-H AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, 1104 N. Western Avenue, Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA, mazzola@tfrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 1300 EP - 1307 VL - 92 IS - 12 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02880:Plant diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18645242?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Wheat+genotype-specific+induction+of+soil+microbial+communities+suppressive+to+disease+incited+by+Rhizoctonia+solani+anastomosis+group+%28AG%29-5+and+AG-8&rft.au=Mazzola%2C+M%3BGu%2C+Y-H&rft.aulast=Mazzola&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1300&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Description of growth of Clostridium perfringens in cooked beef with multiple linear models AN - 18643302; 5534476 AB - The traditional linear model used in food microbiology employs three linear segments to describe the process of food spoilage and categorize a growth curve into three phases - lag, exponential, and stationary. The linear model is accurate only within certain portions of each phase of a growth process, and can underestimate or overestimate the transitional phases. While sigmoid functions (such as the Gompertz and logistic equations) can be used to fit the experimental growth data more accurately, they fail to indicate the physiological state of bacterial growth. The objective of this paper was to develop a new methodology to describe and categorize accurately the bacterial growth as a process using Clostridium perfringens as a test organism. This methodology utilized five linear segments represented by five linear models to categorize a bacterial growth process into lag, first transitional, exponential, second transitional, and stationary phases. Growth curves described in this paper using multiple linear models were more accurate than the traditional three-segment linear models, and were statistically equivalent to the Gompertz models. With the growth rates of transitional phases set to 1/3 of the exponential phase, the durations of the lag, first transitional, exponential, and second transitional phases in a growth curve described by the new method were correlated linearly. Since this linear relationship was independent of temperature, a complete five-segment growth curve could be generated from the maximum growth rate and a known duration of the first four growth phases. Moreover, the lag phase duration defined by the new method was a linear function of the traditional lag phase duration calculated from the Gompertz equation. With this relationship, the two traditional parameters (lag phase and maximum growth rate) used in a three-segment linear model can be used to generate a more accurate five-segment linear growth curve without involving complicated mathematical calculations.Copyright 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. JF - Food Microbiology AU - Huang, L AD - Food Safety Intervention Technologies Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, 19038, USA Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 577 EP - 587 PB - Academic Press VL - 19 IS - 6 SN - 0740-0020, 0740-0020 KW - Gompertz models KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01113:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18643302?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Description+of+growth+of+Clostridium+perfringens+in+cooked+beef+with+multiple+linear+models&rft.au=Huang%2C+L&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=577&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=07400020&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Ffmic.2002.0509 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/fmic.2002.0509 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Performance of Historic Downstream Canal Control Algorithms on ASCE Test Canal 1 AN - 18642806; 5545038 AB - Researchers have developed several algorithms to automatically control water levels in irrigation canals. Proportional-integral (PI) control logic has been used for downstream water-level control, but its performance has not always been satisfactory. Heuristic downstream water-level controllers (e.g., canal automation for rapid demand deliveries, or CARDD) have also been proposed but not rigorously tested. The ASCE Task Committee on Canal Automation Algorithms developed a series of test cases to evaluate the performance of canal control algorithms. In this paper, simulation tests were performed on the ASCE Test Canal 1 using three downstream control algorithms: (1) The standard PI control logic; (2) The PI control logic with hydraulic decouplers; and (3) The heuristic CARDD control logic. These controllers were tuned manually using trial-and-error techniques. Performance of the PI control logic improved with the addition of hydraulic decouplers. CARDD did not perform as well as the PI controllers under the conditions imposed on ASCE Test Canal 1. Robustness of these controllers depends on the aggressiveness of the controller as well as the initial flow rate. JF - Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering AU - Wahlin, B T AU - Clemmens, A J AD - U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory, USDA/ARS, 4331 E. Broadway Road, Phoenix, 85040, USA Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 365 EP - 375 VL - 128 IS - 6 SN - 0733-9437, 0733-9437 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Performance Evaluation KW - Water Management KW - Comparison Studies KW - Algorithms KW - Automation KW - Water Level KW - Flow Control KW - Irrigation Canals KW - SW 2010:Control of water on the surface UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18642806?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.atitle=Performance+of+Historic+Downstream+Canal+Control+Algorithms+on+ASCE+Test+Canal+1&rft.au=Wahlin%2C+B+T%3BClemmens%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Wahlin&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=128&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=365&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.issn=07339437&rft_id=info:doi/10.1061%2F%28ASCE%290733-9437%282002%29128%3A6%28365%29 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Performance Evaluation; Water Management; Comparison Studies; Algorithms; Automation; Water Level; Flow Control; Irrigation Canals DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2002)128:6(365) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Giardia in Beaver (Castor canadensis) and Nutria (Myocastor coypus) From East Texas AN - 18639571; 5543223 AB - We examined the prevalence of Giardia sp. infection in nuisance beaver (Castor canadensis) and nutria (Myocastor coypus) in east Texas. From October 1992 through September 1993, 100 beaver and 30 nutria were collected in routine wildlife management activities conducted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service-Texas Animal Damage Control Service. Fecal and duodenal mucoid samples were preserved from each animal. Fecal samples were examined for the occurrence of Giardia sp. cysts using the Merifluor registered immunoassay detection kit: 30 beaver (30.0%) and 20 nutria (66.7%) were positive for Giardia sp. Duodenal mucoid samples were examined for Giardia sp. trophozoites using trichrome staining, with 26 beaver (26.0%) and 20 nutria (73.3%) testing positive. Combining both techniques resulted in 33 beaver (33.0%) and 22 nutria (73.3%) testing positive for Giardia sp. We found no relationship between Giardia sp. and host age, sex, river system, habitat, county, or season in beaver. However, a relationship was found when season and habitat were considered together. No relationship was found between Giardia sp. and age, river system, habitat, county, or season in nutria; however, more males (87.5%) were infected than females (46.4%). JF - Journal of Parasitology AU - Dunlap, B G AU - Thies, M L AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service-Wildlife Services, 441 Donelson Pike, Nashville, Tennessee 37214, bio_mlt@shsu.edu Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 1254 EP - 1258 PB - American Society of Parasitologists VL - 88 IS - 6 SN - 0022-3395, 0022-3395 KW - American Beaver KW - Nutria KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Parasites KW - Human diseases KW - Duodenum KW - Protozoan diseases KW - Males KW - Wildlife KW - Pathogens KW - Freshwater KW - Habitat KW - Cysts KW - Myocastor coypus KW - Castor canadensis KW - Giardia KW - USA, Texas KW - Females KW - Feces KW - Seasonal variations KW - Aquatic mammals KW - Trophozoites KW - K 03091:Protozoa: animal KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18639571?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Parasitology&rft.atitle=Giardia+in+Beaver+%28Castor+canadensis%29+and+Nutria+%28Myocastor+coypus%29+From+East+Texas&rft.au=Dunlap%2C+B+G%3BThies%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Dunlap&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1254&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Parasitology&rft.issn=00223395&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-3395%282002%29088%281254%3AGIBCCA%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Parasites; Human diseases; Protozoan diseases; Males; Females; Pathogens; Cysts; Aquatic mammals; Duodenum; Wildlife; Habitat; Feces; Seasonal variations; Trophozoites; Giardia; Castor canadensis; Myocastor coypus; USA, Texas; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-3395(2002)088(1254:GIBCCA)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Resistance of peanut to sclerotinia blight and the effect of acibenzolar-S-methyl and fluazinam on disease incidence AN - 18639093; 5549502 AB - Sclerotinia minor, a soilborne fungal pathogen of peanut, can cause serious yield loss in North Carolina. A field test was implemented to study genotype reaction, and the effect of acibenzolar-S-methyl (a plant activator) and the fungicide fluazinam on disease incidence. In all, 13 genotypes in 1997 and 12 genotypes in 1998 were evaluated. Three applications of acibenzolar-S-methyl (0.14 kg a.i./ha) or fluazinam (0.58 kg a.i./ha) were made on a calendar-based schedule. Disease ratings were made weekly in 1997 and every other week in 1998. Fluazinam suppressed disease at all sites and increased yield at two of three locations. Acibenzolar-S-methyl had no effect on disease incidence or yield. The advanced breeding line N92056C and cvs. Tamrun 98 (TX 901417) and Perry (N93112C) had moderate to high levels of resistance to S. minor and produced high yields compared with susceptible cv. NC 7. Lines derived from wild species also demonstrated moderate to high levels of resistance relative to NC 7 and represent potential breeding lines. JF - Plant Disease AU - Lemay, A V AU - Bailey, JE AU - Shew, B B AD - North Carolina State University, Department of Plant Pathology, Raleigh 27695-7616, USA, andrea.lemay@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 1315 EP - 1317 VL - 86 IS - 12 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - acibenzolar-S-methyl KW - peanut KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18639093?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Resistance+of+peanut+to+sclerotinia+blight+and+the+effect+of+acibenzolar-S-methyl+and+fluazinam+on+disease+incidence&rft.au=Lemay%2C+A+V%3BBailey%2C+JE%3BShew%2C+B+B&rft.aulast=Lemay&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1315&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Competitive status influences tree-growth responses to elevated CO sub(2) and O sub(3) in aggrading aspen stands AN - 18636059; 5544765 AB - Competition effects on growth of individual trees were examined for 4 years in aggrading, mixed-clone stands of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) at the Aspen-FACE free-air CO sub(2) and O sub(3) enrichment facility in northern Wisconsin, USA. During each growing season stands received one of four combinations of atmospheric [CO sub(2)] (ambient vs similar to 56 Pa) and [O sub(3)] (ambient vs similar to 1.5 x ambient). Non-destructive measurements of annual tree growth were compared within and among clones and treatments in relation to an index of competitive status based on the difference between a tree's height and that of its four nearest neighbours. Competitive status strongly influenced tree growth, and the positive growth response to elevated [CO sub(2)] was greater for competitively advantaged individuals than for disadvantaged individuals of most clones. The magnitude of O sub(3) effects on growth depended on clone and competitive status: for some clones, negative O sub(3) effects were stronger with competitive advantage while others showed stronger O sub(3) effects with competitive disadvantage. The interactive effects of CO sub(2) and O sub(3) differed among clones, with negative effects of O sub(3) amplified or ameliorated by elevated CO sub(2), depending on clone and competitive status. Treatments modified competitive interactions by affecting the magnitude of growth differences among clones. These modifications did not alter clone rankings of competitive performance, but when CO sub(2) and O sub(3) were both elevated, the differences in competitive performance among clones decreased. JF - Functional Ecology AU - Mcdonald, E P AU - Kruger, EL AU - Riemenschneider, DE AU - Isebrands, J G AD - USDA-Forest Service, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 5985 Hwy K, Rhinelander, WI 54501, epmcdonald@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 792 EP - 801 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 16 IS - 6 SN - 0269-8463, 0269-8463 KW - CO sub(2) KW - O sub(3) KW - Quaking aspen KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18636059?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Functional+Ecology&rft.atitle=Competitive+status+influences+tree-growth+responses+to+elevated+CO+sub%282%29+and+O+sub%283%29+in+aggrading+aspen+stands&rft.au=Mcdonald%2C+E+P%3BKruger%2C+EL%3BRiemenschneider%2C+DE%3BIsebrands%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Mcdonald&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=792&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Functional+Ecology&rft.issn=02698463&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2435.2002.00683.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2435.2002.00683.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Brain Signaling and Behavioral Responses Induced by Exposure to 56Fe-Particle Radiation AN - 18632076; 5536553 AB - Previous experiments have demonstrated that exposure to 56Fe-particle irradiation (1.5 Gy, 1 GeV) produced aging-like accelerations in neuronal and behavioral deficits. Astronauts on long-term space flights will be exposed to similar heavy-particle radiations that might have similar deleterious effects on neuronal signaling and cognitive behavior. Therefore, the present study evaluated whether radiation-induced spatial learning and memory behavioral deficits are associated with region-specific brain signaling deficits by measuring signaling molecules previously found to be essential for behavior [pre-synaptic vesicle proteins, synaptobrevin and synaptophysin, and protein kinases, calcium-dependent PRKCs (also known as PKCs) and PRKA (PRKA RII beta )]. The results demonstrated a significant radiation-induced increase in reference memory errors. The increases in reference memory errors were significantly negatively correlated with striatal synaptobrevin and frontal cortical synaptophysin expression. Both synaptophysin and synaptobrevin are synaptic vesicle proteins that are important in cognition. Striatal PRKA, a memory signaling molecule, was also significantly negatively correlated with reference memory errors. Overall, our findings suggest that radiation-induced pre-synaptic facilitation may contribute to some previously reported radiation-induced decrease in striatal dopamine release and for the disruption of the central dopaminergic system integrity and dopamine-mediated behavior. JF - Radiation Research AU - Denisova, NA AU - Shukitt-Hale, B AU - Rabin, B M AU - Joseph, JA AD - Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, ndenissova@hnrc.tufts.edu Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 725 EP - 734 PB - The Radiation Research Society VL - 158 IS - 6 SN - 0033-7587, 0033-7587 KW - synaptobrevin KW - synaptophysin KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24210:Radiation & radioactive materials UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18632076?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiation+Research&rft.atitle=Brain+Signaling+and+Behavioral+Responses+Induced+by+Exposure+to+56Fe-Particle+Radiation&rft.au=Denisova%2C+NA%3BShukitt-Hale%2C+B%3BRabin%2C+B+M%3BJoseph%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Denisova&rft.aufirst=NA&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=158&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=725&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiation+Research&rft.issn=00337587&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0033-7587%282002%29158%280725%3ABSABRI%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0033-7587(2002)158(0725:BSABRI)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - PRIMER NOTE: Microsatellite markers for northern red oak (Fagaceae: Quercus rubra ) AN - 18629924; 5537286 AB - We provide primer sequences for 14 (GA) sub(n) microsatellite loci developed from northern red oak, an important timber species. We screened loci using two sets of samples. A parent-offspring set included DNA from seven acorns collected from one mother tree along with maternal DNA, to determine that all progeny carried a maternal allele at each locus. The other set was comprised of 10 adult trees sampled from Indiana old-growth forest, providing a measure of diversity revealed by each locus. JF - Molecular Ecology Notes AU - Aldrich, PR AU - Michler, CH AU - Sun, W AU - Romero-Severson, J AD - USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station, Hardwood Tree Improvement and Regeneration Center, Hardwood Tree Improvement and Regeneration Center, Purdue University Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, 1159 Forestry Building, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1159, USA, preston@fnr.purdue.edu Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 472 EP - 474 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 2 IS - 4 SN - 1471-8278, 1471-8278 KW - Northern red oak KW - Ecology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - G 07352:Dicotyledons (miscellaneous) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18629924?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Ecology+Notes&rft.atitle=PRIMER+NOTE%3A+Microsatellite+markers+for+northern+red+oak+%28Fagaceae%3A+Quercus+rubra+%29&rft.au=Aldrich%2C+PR%3BMichler%2C+CH%3BSun%2C+W%3BRomero-Severson%2C+J&rft.aulast=Aldrich&rft.aufirst=PR&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=472&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Ecology+Notes&rft.issn=14718278&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1471-8286.2002.00282.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-8286.2002.00282.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carbon exchange and species composition of grazed pastures and exclosures in the shortgrass steppe of Colorado AN - 18629374; 5528519 AB - Grasslands comprise approximately 40% of the world's terrestrial surface. Consequently, grassland ecosystems are a significant component of the global carbon cycle. In order to better understand how grazing affects the carbon cycle of grasslands, this study measured CO sub(2) exchange rate (CER) and soil respiration rate (SRR) on 130 ha pastures with a 56-year history of heavy (60% removal) and light (20% removal) grazing, and their accompanying 0.8 ha exclosures, on the shortgrass steppe of northeastern Colorado, USA. A CER chamber that covered 1 m super(2) of native grassland was used on five plots in each of the four areas. Mid-day CER and SRR were measured during the growing seasons of 1995-1997, along with green vegetation index (GVI, similar to leaf area index) and plant species composition. When averaged over each growing season, there was no significant difference in CER of grazed pastures versus exclosures. However, there were seasonal differences in CER, which varied over the 3 years. Differences in CER between grazed pastures and exclosures were not related to GVI, which rarely differed between treatments. Grazing treatment differences in CER were driven by climate variability and species composition differences resulting from long-term grazing and exclusion from grazing. Exclosures had more cool-season (C sub(3)) grasses and forbs than grazed plots, which contained more warm-season (C sub(4)) grasses (primarily Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag. Ex Steud.). The somewhat unique, cool spring of 1995 was favorable to cool-season plant metabolism and resulted in higher CER in exclosures compared with grazed pastures. Warm, dry conditions in spring of 1996 favored warm-season species, resulting in higher CER in the heavily-grazed pasture. In 1997, there was little difference in CER between grazed pastures and exclosures. There were very few sampling dates when SRR was different in grazed pastures and exclosures. This study suggests that these intensities of cattle grazing do not alter the photosynthetic and soil respiration components of the carbon cycle of the US shortgrass prairie. It appears that cattle grazing can be a sustainable component of managing this ecosystem for maximum global carbon sequestration. JF - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment AU - LeCain AU - Morgan, JA AU - Schuman, GE AU - Reeder, J D AU - Hart, R H AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Crops Research Laboratory, 1701 Center Ave., Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA, lecain@lamar.colostate.edu Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 421 EP - 435 VL - 93 IS - 1-3 SN - 0167-8809, 0167-8809 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04115:Temperate grasslands UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18629374?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Carbon+exchange+and+species+composition+of+grazed+pastures+and+exclosures+in+the+shortgrass+steppe+of+Colorado&rft.au=LeCain%3BMorgan%2C+JA%3BSchuman%2C+GE%3BReeder%2C+J+D%3BHart%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=LeCain&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=421&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01678809&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cytopathic effects observed upon expression of a repressed collagenase gene present in Salmonella and related pathogens: mimicry of a cytotoxin from multiple antibiotic-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium phagetype DT104 AN - 18622322; 5539666 AB - Recently, we reported that certain strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium phagetype DT104 (DT104) secrete a putative cytotoxin. While searching for the gene that encodes this toxin, we noted a previously reported but uncharacterized DNA fragment (clg) in Salmonella that could be potentially relevant to cytotoxin-like activity. Therefore, we cloned and expressed clg in cytotoxin-negative Escherichia coli and Salmonella and subsequently assessed the bioactivity of Clg in vitro and in vivo. Lysates containing Clg from both expression hosts exerted cytopathic effects on murine enterocytes while semi-purified Clg was determined to be cytopathic to HEp-2 cells. Sequence and RT-PCR analyses of the clg gene indicated that a homologue of clg exists in different Gram-negative bacteria although the gene is not expressed in vitro. Although Clg-mediated lesions are similar to those mediated by the DT104 cytotoxin, further investigations are necessary to examine the relationship between these two proteins in DT104. Nonetheless, we report here a defined Salmonella protein that is capable of inflicting damage on tissue culture cells and murine enterocytes. Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd JF - Microbial Pathogenesis AU - Wu, M AU - Carlson, S AU - Meyerholz, D AD - Preharvest Food Safety and Enteric Disease Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA, 50010, U.S.A., scarlson@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 279 EP - 287 PB - Academic Press VL - 33 IS - 6 SN - 0882-4010, 0882-4010 KW - Clg protein KW - HEp-2 cells KW - clg gene KW - cloning KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02823:In vitro and in vivo effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18622322?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+Pathogenesis&rft.atitle=Cytopathic+effects+observed+upon+expression+of+a+repressed+collagenase+gene+present+in+Salmonella+and+related+pathogens%3A+mimicry+of+a+cytotoxin+from+multiple+antibiotic-resistant+Salmonella+enterica+serotype+Typhimurium+phagetype+DT104&rft.au=Wu%2C+M%3BCarlson%2C+S%3BMeyerholz%2C+D&rft.aulast=Wu&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbial+Pathogenesis&rft.issn=08824010&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fmpat.2002.0535 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/mpat.2002.0535 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution, Abundance and Habitat Use of American White Pelicans in the Delta Region of Mississippi and Along the Western Gulf of Mexico Coast AN - 18618987; 5533414 AB - Aerial surveys of American White Pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) were conducted over coastal Louisiana and the delta region of Mississippi on 1-2 days during December, February, and April each year from 1997 to 1999. Additional surveys were conducted in coastal Texas and Mexico during January 1998 and 1999. The numbers, location, and habitat of all pelicans observed were recorded. The coastal zone of Louisiana consistently had higher numbers of pelicans (18,000 to 35,000 birds) than other areas surveyed (3,000 to 8,000 birds), indicating that Louisiana may be the most important wintering area for American White Pelicans east of the Rocky Mountains. Among the four regions surveyed, the average size of pelican flocks was largest in Mississippi during January-February, particularly in 1999 (x = 245 birds/flock). Pelican numbers in Mississippi peaked in February but in Louisiana they were more variable. Pelicans in the delta region of Mississippi were found most often in fresh water and sand bar habitats during December, flooded field habitats during February, and catfish ponds in April. In Louisiana, pelicans used fresh, intermediate, and brackish marshes during December, but showed a preference for brackish and saline marshes in February and April. JF - Waterbirds AU - King, D T AU - Michot, T C AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Mississippi Field Station, P.O. Drawer 6099, Mississippi State University, MS 39762, USA, Tommy.King@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 410 EP - 416 VL - 25 IS - 4 SN - 1524-4695, 1524-4695 KW - American white pelican KW - seasonal variations KW - Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - ASW, USA, Louisiana KW - Marine birds KW - Overwintering KW - Ecological distribution KW - Abundance KW - ASW, USA, Louisiana, Mississippi Delta KW - Deltas KW - Habitat selection KW - Aerial surveys KW - ASW, USA, Mexico Gulf KW - ASW, USA, Texas KW - Coastal zone KW - Long-term records KW - ASW, Mexico KW - ASW, USA, Mississippi KW - Distribution records KW - Pelecanus erythrorhynchos KW - USA, Mississippi KW - Habitat utilization KW - Population structure KW - Population number KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Q1 08423:Behaviour UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18618987?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Waterbirds&rft.atitle=Distribution%2C+Abundance+and+Habitat+Use+of+American+White+Pelicans+in+the+Delta+Region+of+Mississippi+and+Along+the+Western+Gulf+of+Mexico+Coast&rft.au=King%2C+D+T%3BMichot%2C+T+C&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=410&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Waterbirds&rft.issn=15244695&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Long-term records; Coastal zone; Marine birds; Distribution records; Overwintering; Ecological distribution; Population structure; Deltas; Aerial surveys; Habitat selection; Population number; Abundance; Habitat utilization; Pelecanus erythrorhynchos; ASW, USA, Mexico Gulf; ASW, USA, Texas; ASW, USA, Louisiana; ASW, USA, Mississippi; ASW, Mexico; USA, Mississippi; ASW, USA, Louisiana, Mississippi Delta ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular Subtype Analyses of Campylobacter spp. from Arkansas and California Poultry Operations AN - 18616276; 5512867 AB - Campylobacter isolates from diverse samples within broiler production and processing environments were typed by using flaA short variable region DNA sequence analysis. Sixteen flocks from four different farms representing two broiler producers in Arkansas and California were analyzed. Fourteen of the flocks (87.5%) were Campylobacter-positive; two remained negative throughout the 6-week rearing period. In general, multiple clones were present within a flock. Additionally, clones found within a flock were also present on the final product, although the diversity of Campylobacter spp. on the final product appeared to be reduced relative to that observed within the flock. Comparison of clones between flocks on the same farm revealed that some clones of Campylobacter persisted in multiple flocks. Furthermore, some clones were identified across the two farms that were under the same management. In two sampling periods, environmental isolates were positive for Campylobacter prior to flock shedding. Environmental samples associated with five additional flocks were positive for Campylobacter concomitantly with recovery of Campylobacter from the birds. Analysis of the environmental isolates that were positive prior to flock shedding demonstrated that in some instances the environmental isolates possessed genotypes identical to those of isolates originating from the flock, while in other cases the environmental isolates possessed genotypes that were distantly related to isolates obtained from the flock. Analyses of environmental isolates that tested positive concurrently with the positive isolates from the flocks demonstrated varied results; in some instances the environmental isolates possessed genotypes identical to those of isolates originating from the flock, while in other cases the environmental isolates possessed genotypes that were distantly related to isolates obtained from the flock. These data suggest that the external environment may contribute to Campylobacter contamination during poultry production and processing. However, environmental contamination with Campylobacter does not appear to be the sole contributing factor. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Hiett, K L AU - Stern, N J AU - Fedorka-Cray, P AU - Cox, NA AU - Musgrove, M T AU - Ladely, S AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Poultry Microbiological Safety Research Unit, Russell Research Center, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30604-5677, khiett@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 6220 EP - 6236 VL - 68 IS - 12 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - poultry KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18616276?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Molecular+Subtype+Analyses+of+Campylobacter+spp.+from+Arkansas+and+California+Poultry+Operations&rft.au=Hiett%2C+K+L%3BStern%2C+N+J%3BFedorka-Cray%2C+P%3BCox%2C+NA%3BMusgrove%2C+M+T%3BLadely%2C+S&rft.aulast=Hiett&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=6220&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.68.12.6220-6236.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.12.6220-6236.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Consensus and comprehensive linkage maps of bovine chromosome 24 AN - 18614727; 5536894 AB - This study describes development of a consensus genetic linkage map of bovine chromosome 24 (BTA24). Eight participating laboratories contributed data for 58 unique markers including a total of 25 409 meioses. Eighteen markers, which were typed in more than one reference population, were used as potential anchors to generate a consensus framework map. The framework map contained 16 loci ordered with odds greater than 1000:1 and spanned 79.3 cM. Remaining markers were included in a comprehensive map relative to these anchors. The resulting BTA24 comprehensive map was 98.3 cM in length. Average marker intervals were 6.1 and 2.5 cM for framework and comprehensive maps, respectively. Marker order was generally consistent with previously reported BTA24 linkage maps. Only one discrepancy was found when comparing the comprehensive map with the published USDA-MARC linkage map. Integration of genetic information from different maps provides a high-resolution BTA24 linkage map. JF - Animal Genetics AU - Kurar, E AU - Barendse, W AU - Bottema, C D AU - Davis, S AU - Foester, M AU - Kalm, E AU - Kappes, S M AU - Kister, A AU - Lewin, HA AU - Klungland, H AU - Medjugorac, I AU - Olsaker, I AU - Pitchford, W S AU - Schmutz, S M AU - Taylor, J AU - Thomsen, H AU - Kirkpatrick, B W AD - Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA., CSIRO Molecular Animal Genetics Center, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia, Department of Animal Science, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, Australia, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA, Institut fuer Tierzucht der Ludwing-Maximilians-Universitaet, 80539 Muenchen, Germany, Institut fuer Tierzucht und Tierhaltung der Christian-Albrechts-Universitaet zu Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Str. 624118 Kiel, Germany, USDA, ARS, NPS, Beltsville, MD, USA, The University of Illinois Biotechnology Center, 206 A Edward R. Madigan Laboratory, Urbana, IL, USA, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 460 EP - 463 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 33 IS - 6 SN - 0268-9146, 0268-9146 KW - True cattle KW - cattle KW - chromosome 24 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - G 07413:Domestic animals (cattle) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 350:Bioinformatics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18614727?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Animal+Genetics&rft.atitle=Consensus+and+comprehensive+linkage+maps+of+bovine+chromosome+24&rft.au=Kurar%2C+E%3BBarendse%2C+W%3BBottema%2C+C+D%3BDavis%2C+S%3BFoester%2C+M%3BKalm%2C+E%3BKappes%2C+S+M%3BKister%2C+A%3BLewin%2C+HA%3BKlungland%2C+H%3BMedjugorac%2C+I%3BOlsaker%2C+I%3BPitchford%2C+W+S%3BSchmutz%2C+S+M%3BTaylor%2C+J%3BThomsen%2C+H%3BKirkpatrick%2C+B+W&rft.aulast=Kurar&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=460&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Animal+Genetics&rft.issn=02689146&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2052.2002.00909.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2052.2002.00909.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aflatoxin biosynthesis AN - 17958255; 5902027 AB - Aflatoxins are toxic and extremely carcinogenic natural secondary metabolites produced primarily by the fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. The biosynthesis of aflatoxins is a complex process involving multi-enzymatic reactions. Genetic studies of the molecular mechanism of aflatoxin B sub(1) biosynthesis have identified an aflatoxin pathway gene cluster of 70 kilobase pairs in length consisting of at least 24 identified structural genes including a positive regulatory gene as transcription activator. The structural genes encode cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, dehydrogenases, oxidases, methyltransferases, a polyketide synthase and two unique fatty acid synthases. The aflatoxin biosynthesis and its genetic regulation are discussed in this review. The current knowledge of the relationship between fungal development and secondary metabolism is also summarized. JF - Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia AU - Yu, J AU - Bhatnagar, D AU - Ehrlich, K C AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, jiuyu@srrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 191 EP - 200 VL - 19 IS - 4 SN - 1130-1406, 1130-1406 KW - Oxidase KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase KW - Polyketide synthase KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - Methyltransferase KW - Genotyping KW - Transcription factors KW - Aflatoxins KW - dehydrogenase KW - Aspergillus parasiticus KW - Fatty-acid synthase KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17958255?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revista+Iberoamericana+De+Micologia&rft.atitle=Aflatoxin+biosynthesis&rft.au=Yu%2C+J%3BBhatnagar%2C+D%3BEhrlich%2C+K+C&rft.aulast=Yu&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Revista+Iberoamericana+De+Micologia&rft.issn=11301406&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Polyketide synthase; Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase; Methyltransferase; Transcription factors; Genotyping; Aflatoxins; dehydrogenase; Fatty-acid synthase; Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus parasiticus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water Transfer from Soil to Seed: The Role of Vapor Transport AN - 17686073; 5933968 AB - Mixed solid-water-gas media such as soil can supply water to a dry object as both liquid and vapor. Modelers and agricultural engineers have commonly assumed liquid transport dominates imbibition by seed. This study tests the hypothesis that vapor is the major source of water for imbibition under normal soil moisture conditions. Water uptake was measured under varying degrees of seed-soil contact. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds were suspended in holes in blocks of moist soil (average water potential -0.16 MPa). Hole diameter varied from 13 to 0 mm (no hole), so that the distance between the moist soil and the seed varied from a maximum of 5 mm to intimate seed-soil contact. The amount of water absorbed by seed in 24 h increased from 15 to 17 mg seed super(-1) as seed-soil contact increased from none to maximum contact, indicating that at least 85% of the water absorbed by seed in intimate seed-soil contact could be attributed to vapor alone. Reevaluation of the role of vapor transport should result in improved multiphase transport models in soil and other media. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Wuest, S B AD - USDA-ARS, Columbia Plateau Conservation Research Center, P.O. Box 370, Pendleton, OR 97801, USA, stewart.wuest@oregonstate.edu Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 1760 EP - 1763 VL - 66 IS - 6 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17686073?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Water+Transfer+from+Soil+to+Seed%3A+The+Role+of+Vapor+Transport&rft.au=Wuest%2C+S+B&rft.aulast=Wuest&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1760&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydraulic and Physical Properties of Stony Soils in a Small Watershed AN - 17685095; 5933975 AB - The presence of rock fragments in soil layers can have a profound impact on measured hydraulic properties. Variation of surface soil hydraulic properties influences the amount, distribution, and routing of overland flow. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of rock fragments and soil texture on infiltration, hydraulic conductivity, and related physical properties in soils of a small watershed in northwestern Arkansas. Single-ring and tension infiltrometer measurements at three pressure heads (h = -0.03, -0.06, and -0.12 m) were completed on the surface soil layer at 42 sites along three transects crossing the watershed. Upland (Nixa, loamy-skeletal, siliceous, active, mesic Glossic Fragiudults) and side slope (Clarksville, loamy-skeletal, siliceous, semiactive, mesic Typic Paleudults) soils had significantly less rock fragments, lower infiltration rates (i), and lower hydraulic conductivities (K) at and near saturation compared with the valley bottom soil (Razort, fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Mollic Hapludalfs). Average infiltration rate at h = -0.03 m for all soils was only 9% of the ponded value suggesting that pores >1 mm in diameter dominated water flow under saturated conditions. At saturation, hydraulic properties tended to increase with rock fragment content while, at h = -0.12, the opposite was true. It is hypothesized that the source of rock fragments (weathering in place vs. colluvial and alluvial origin) and contact with the surrounding fine-earth fraction influence water flow by affecting hydraulic continuity near fragment surfaces. These relatively subtle morphological factors may have a disproportionate impact on water flow under near-saturation conditions in these soils. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Sauer, T J AU - Logsdon, S D AD - USDA-ARS, National Soil Tilth Lab., 2150 Pammel Drive, Ames, IA 50011-4420, USA, sauer@nstl.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 1947 EP - 1956 VL - 66 IS - 6 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 6050:Rock mechanics and geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17685095?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Hydraulic+and+Physical+Properties+of+Stony+Soils+in+a+Small+Watershed&rft.au=Sauer%2C+T+J%3BLogsdon%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Sauer&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1947&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transport of phenolic compounds from leaf surface of creosotebush and tarbush to soil surface by precipitation AN - 17676085; 5567187 AB - During the last 100 years, many desert grasslands have been replaced by shrublands. One possible mechanism by which shrubs outcompete grasses is through the release of compounds that interfere with neighboring plants. Our objective was to examine the movement of secondary compounds from the leaf surface of creosotebush and tarbush to surrounding soil surfaces via precipitation. Units consisting of a funnel and bottle were used to collect stemflow, throughfall, and interspace precipitation samples from 20 creosotebush (two morphotypes) and 10 tarbush plants during three summer rainfall events in 1998. Precipitation samples were analyzed for total phenolics (both species) and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (creosotebush only). Phenolics were detected in throughfall and stemflow of both species with stemflow containing greater concentrations than throughfall (0.088 and 0.086 mg/ml for stemflow and 0.022 and 0.014 mg/ml for throughfall in creosotebush morphotypes U and V, respectively; 0.044 and 0.006 mg/ml for tarbush stemflow and throughfall, respectively). Nordihydroguaiaretic acid was not found in any precipitation collections. The results show that phenolic compounds produced by creosotebush and tarbush can be transported to the soil surface by precipitation, but whether concentrations are ecologically significant is uncertain. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid was not present in the runoff from creosotebush. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Hyder, P W AU - Fredrickson, EL AU - Estell, R E AU - Lucero, ME AD - USDA/ARS, Jornada Experimental Range, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA, efredric@nmsu.edu Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 2475 EP - 2482 VL - 28 IS - 12 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04110:Grasslands UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17676085?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Transport+of+phenolic+compounds+from+leaf+surface+of+creosotebush+and+tarbush+to+soil+surface+by+precipitation&rft.au=Hyder%2C+P+W%3BFredrickson%2C+EL%3BEstell%2C+R+E%3BLucero%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Hyder&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2475&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutual Interference of Pheromone Traps Within Trap Lines on Captures of Boll Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) AN - 17313641; 5974811 AB - Traps baited with the synthetic aggregation pheromone of the boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis Boheman) are often used to monitor population fluctuations, distribution, and behavior. However, many factors generate variability in daily captures, making interpretation of trapping data difficult. Previous studies have shown that wind speed in the microenvironment around a trap can greatly affect numbers captured on a given day. It is possible that variation in air movement may also generate variation in trap captures through its effects on the pheromone plume. The current study was conducted to determine whether five traps placed in a line at two commonly used spacings (15 and 20 m) interfere with one another. There was no evidence for interference on days when winds struck the trap line at a nearly perpendicular angle. However, for both spacings, there were significant and substantial effects of relative trap placement within a line on days when winds struck it at an angle (>22.5 degree ) away from the perpendicular. The largest and most consistent effect was that the trap furthest upwind in the line captured the most weevils, especially on days of moderate wind speeds (10-20 km/h). The upwind trap captured 1.5-2.0 times as many weevils as the next trap in the line, which usually had the lowest percentage of capture of any of the traps. Until the minimum adequate spacing has been established, traps should be placed at least 30 m apart in experiments in which such biases can adversly affect interpretation of results. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Sappington, T W AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Integrated Farming & Natural Resources Research Unit, 2413 E. Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 1128 EP - 1134 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 31 IS - 6 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05100:General KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17313641?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Mutual+Interference+of+Pheromone+Traps+Within+Trap+Lines+on+Captures+of+Boll+Weevils+%28Coleoptera%3A+Curculionidae%29&rft.au=Sappington%2C+T+W&rft.aulast=Sappington&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1128&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282002%290312.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0046-225X&volume=31&page=1128 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2002)031<1128:MIOPTW>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Critical Weights of Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Larvae in Relation to Square Desiccation and Natural Mortality AN - 17304018; 5974791 AB - Starvation of immature boll weevils resulting from square desiccation is considered a major determinant of natural mortality. However, the critical weight below which a larva cannot complete development without further feeding has not been determined. Critical weights of second and third instars were investigated using food-removal techniques, and the age and size distributions of larvae in newly abscised squares were estimated from field collections. Second instars examined averaged 3.22 mg in weight and ranged from 0.23 to 5.55 mg. About 80% of second instars weighing aY1.67 mg molted, but none pupated. The estimated critical weight for 50% of unfed second instars to survive to third instar was 2.49 mg. Third instars examined averaged 14.64 mg in weight and ranged from 1.81 to 34.43 mg. About 64% of third instars weighing aY5.29 mg developed into adults, ranging in weight from 1.61 to 21.49 mg and averaging 10.44 mg. Estimated critical weights for 50% of unfed third instars to survive to the pupal and adult stages were 6.63 and 8.89 mg, respectively. The estimated critical weight for 50% of pupae to survive to adulthood was 4.52 mg. Larvae collected from newly abscised squares were predominantly second (56%) and third instars (39%). Furthermore, an estimated 19% of all larvae collected were capable of development to adulthood without further feeding. In light of the rapid rate of larval growth and development, our results suggest that square desiccation sufficient to deter feeding by larvae must occur within 1-3 d of square abscission to produce a high proportion of starvation-induced mortality. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Reardon, B J AU - Spurgeon, D W Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 972 EP - 976 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 31 IS - 6 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05100:General KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17304018?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Critical+Weights+of+Boll+Weevil+%28Coleoptera%3A+Curculionidae%29+Larvae+in+Relation+to+Square+Desiccation+and+Natural+Mortality&rft.au=Reardon%2C+B+J%3BSpurgeon%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Reardon&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=972&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282002%290312.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0046-225X&volume=31&page=972 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2002)031<0972:CWOBWC>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Incidence of Parasitoids and Parasitism of Bemisia Tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in Numerous Crops AN - 17301190; 5974799 AB - Understanding the relationship of parasitoids with their insect hosts and crop plants is needed to develop good management strategies for Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), a whitefly pest. The abundance and establishment of parasitoids of B. tabaci B-biotype were tested with taxonomically diverse plants in the greenhouse (7 plant species) and in the field (16 plant species in Egypt). Greenhouse tests were conducted on plants free of whitefly nymphs to avoid this influence on parasitoid behavior, and field tests were conducted in crops with feral populations of B. tabaci. In the greenhouse, the parasitoid, Encarsia pergandiella Howard, was most abundant on Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walpers, followed by Gossypium hirsutum L. The propensity for this parasitoid to forage on the bottom leaf surface compared with the top surface varied among crops (45-90% were on the bottom leaf surface) and over time (a50% were on the bottom leaf surface around sunrise, whereas a90% were on the bottom surface by mid-day). Inundative releases of laboratory-reared parasitoids, Eretmocerus mundus (Mercet), into field crops increased parasitization rates in all crops tested. Some crops (e.g., two Brassica species and V. unguiculata) were more conducive to parasitism of B. tabaci than other crops (e.g., Cucumis sativus L. and Lycopersicon esculentum Miller). Findings from this research may be useful in the enhancement and conservation of parasitoids of Bemisia. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Simmons, A M AU - Abd-Rabou, S AU - McCutcheon, G S AD - U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 2875 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 1030 EP - 1036 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 31 IS - 6 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17301190?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Incidence+of+Parasitoids+and+Parasitism+of+Bemisia+Tabaci+%28Homoptera%3A+Aleyrodidae%29+in+Numerous+Crops&rft.au=Simmons%2C+A+M%3BAbd-Rabou%2C+S%3BMcCutcheon%2C+G+S&rft.aulast=Simmons&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1030&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282002%290312.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0046-225X&volume=31&page=1030 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2002)031<1030:IOPAPO>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carbon and nutrient cycles AN - 17289257; 5561359 AB - Soil erosion and off-site transport of nutrients are reducing soil productivity and impacting water bodies across the world. Additionally, anthropogenic activities are increasing the atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO sub(2)), methane (CH sub(4)), nitrous oxide (N sub(2)O), and nitric oxide (NO) that contribute to global warming. We want to present the concept that nutrient management plans should incorporate soil organic carbon (SOC) management to reduce soil erosion, cycle macro- and micronutrients, increase nutrient use efficiency, and conserve air, soil, and water quality. Plant-derived materials are the primary source of carbon (C) in soil organic matter (SOM), with C being the most abundant constituent and common partner of nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and sulfur (S). Manures, compost, and other organic sources can help cycle organic C and other nutrients. Organic C can contribute to forming chelate compounds that increase the availability of essential micronutrients that interchange with the root surface. Management practices that increase C inputs, help reduce erosion, and increase SOC improve soil quality factors such as cation exchange capacity, water holding capacity, aggregate formation, porosity, and drainage. Carbon management and nutrient cycling should be an integral part of nutrient management plans for maintaining the sustainability of our biosphere. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Delgado, JA AU - Follett, R F AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Soil-Plant-Nutrient Research Unit, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 455 EP - 463 VL - 57 IS - 6 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Manure KW - Cycling Nutrients KW - Organic carbon KW - Sustainable development KW - Soil erosion KW - Biosphere KW - Water quality KW - Nutrient cycles KW - Carbon KW - Water Quality Management KW - Soil Properties KW - Drainage KW - Carbon cycle KW - Global Warming KW - Soil Organic Matter KW - Erosion KW - Agricultural Practices KW - Nature conservation KW - Soil conservation KW - Global warming KW - Soil Erosion KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Carbon Dioxide KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - M2 551.588:Environmental Influences (551.588) KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17289257?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Carbon+and+nutrient+cycles&rft.au=Delgado%2C+JA%3BFollett%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Delgado&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=455&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Erosion; Drainage; Global warming; Biosphere; Soil erosion; Carbon dioxide; Organic carbon; Nature conservation; Carbon cycle; Soil conservation; Sustainable development; Water quality; Nutrient cycles; Manure; Carbon; Cycling Nutrients; Agricultural Practices; Water Quality Management; Soil Properties; Soil Erosion; Soil Organic Matter; Global Warming; Carbon Dioxide ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measuring Positive, Negative, and Null Impacts of Forest Disturbances: A Case Study Using Dwarf Mistletoe on Douglas Fir AN - 17277118; 5854191 AB - Not all disease activity causes an impact. Not all impacts are negative. The aim of this study was to examine a method that could conceptually specify when impacts occur and that could quantify both negative and positive disease impacts. For this study, dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium douglasi) of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) in southwestern Oregon was used as a case study. The method uses six variables for forest growth, mortality, and stand structure, and six categorical disease severity scores. The impact model displays stands as points in multidimensional scaling space, where relative position is determined by values of the six stand variables. Positions in this two-dimensional space change when stand characteristics change. Differences associated with disease severity could be traced as trajectories, and impact was quantified using the length and direction of these trajectories. This multivariate impact assessment method was contrasted to impact assessments based on single variables. Methods based on multiple variables offer a useful way of characterizing impact on multiple objectives. The model indicates that dwarf mistletoe has positive, negative, and neutral impacts and that these could be illustrated and quantified using this method. JF - Environmental Management AU - Lundquist, JE AU - Goheen, E M AU - Goheen, D J AD - USDA Forest Service, 240 West Prospect Rd., Fort Collins, Colorado 80526, USA Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 793 EP - 800 PB - Springer-Verlag, Life Science Journals VL - 30 IS - 6 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Douglas-fir KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - Parasites KW - Growth KW - Arceuthobium douglasi KW - Pseudotsuga menziesii KW - USA, Oregon KW - Methodology KW - D 04001:Methodology - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17277118?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Measuring+Positive%2C+Negative%2C+and+Null+Impacts+of+Forest+Disturbances%3A+A+Case+Study+Using+Dwarf+Mistletoe+on+Douglas+Fir&rft.au=Lundquist%2C+JE%3BGoheen%2C+E+M%3BGoheen%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Lundquist&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=793&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-002-2756-x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Parasites; Forest management; Growth; Methodology; Arceuthobium douglasi; Pseudotsuga menziesii; USA, Oregon DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-002-2756-x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modifying FHANTM 2.0 to Estimate Phosphorus Concentrations in Runoff from Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain Soils AN - 16186184; 5933976 AB - Phosphorus lost from agricultural soils has been identified as a nonpoint source pollutant of surface waters in Delaware and throughout the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain. The Field Hydrologic and Nutrient Transport Model (FHANTM) 2.0 can help identify areas with a high potential for P loss, but the method used to estimate P concentrations in runoff waters needs reevaluation. The equation P sub(d) = KP sub(o)t super( alpha )W super( beta ) has been proposed to predict P desorption from soil to runoff. To test this equation for use in Delaware and the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain, we conducted rainfall simulations for 14 Delaware and Maryland soils packed into 5 by 20 by 100 cm boxes at a rainfall intensity of 7.5 cm h super(-1) and a slope of 5% for 30 min. We collected all runoff and measured an average soluble P concentration in runoff for the entire simulation. We predicted P concentrations using the above equation and compared them with measured values. Predicted values were well correlated to measured values (r super(2) = 0.78), but P concentrations were overpredicted by an average of 20 times. After we added a calibration factor to the equation based on the amount of sediment lost in runoff during the rainfall simulation, measured and predicted soluble P concentrations exhibited a nearly 1:1 relationship. Results suggest that eroded sediment in runoff may resorb P from the runoff solution, causing the desorption equation to overpredict soluble P concentrations in runoff. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Vadas, P A AU - Sims, J T AU - Leytem, AB AU - Penn, C J AD - USDA-ARS-ANRI-AMBL, B-163F Rm. 5, BARC-East, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, pvadas@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 1974 EP - 1980 VL - 66 IS - 6 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Coastal Plains KW - Surface water KW - Phosphorus KW - Nutrients KW - Surface Water KW - Soil KW - Hydrologic Models KW - Calibrations KW - Sediment Contamination KW - Hydrology KW - USA, Maryland KW - Rainfall Intensity KW - Testing Procedures KW - Desorption KW - Rainfall-runoff Relationships KW - Nonpoint Pollution Sources KW - Nonpoint pollution KW - Coastal waters KW - Runoff KW - USA, Delaware KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16186184?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Modifying+FHANTM+2.0+to+Estimate+Phosphorus+Concentrations+in+Runoff+from+Mid-Atlantic+Coastal+Plain+Soils&rft.au=Vadas%2C+P+A%3BSims%2C+J+T%3BLeytem%2C+AB%3BPenn%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Vadas&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1974&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Agriculture; Surface water; Phosphorus; Hydrology; Coastal waters; Nonpoint pollution; Runoff; Testing Procedures; Desorption; Coastal Plains; Rainfall-runoff Relationships; Nonpoint Pollution Sources; Nutrients; Surface Water; Hydrologic Models; Calibrations; Sediment Contamination; Rainfall Intensity; USA, Maryland; USA, Delaware ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measuring Water-Extractable Phosphorus in Manure as an Indicator of Phosphorus in Runoff AN - 16185658; 5933977 AB - Water-extractable P (WEP) in manure is correlated with P concentration in runoff from soils amended with manure and is, thus, an effective indicator of environmental P loss. This study sought to elucidate methodological factors affecting WEP measurement in manure and to quantify errors related to two established methods of manure WEP measurement. Dairy cow (Bos taurus) manure, poultry (Gallus gallus domestica L.) (layer) manure, and swine (Sus scrofa domestica L.) slurry were used. Varying dry matter/distilled water ratios (1 to 20:200) revealed that greater dilution of manure dry matter increased WEP (mean 1.8-5.4 g kg super(-1)), likely because of the dissolution of calcium phosphates. Increasing shaking time from 1 min to 24 h, increased manure WEP concentration (average 3.7-8.2 g kg super(-1)). Filtration with Whatman 1 paper filters resulted in significantly higher WEP measurements in dairy and poultry manure (4.1 g kg super(-1)) than with a 0.45- mu m filtration (3.7 g kg super(-1)). No significant difference was observed in the swine slurry. A rainfall-runoff experiment using simulated rainfall was conducted to determine the effect of the individual factors on predicting dissolved-reactive P (DRP) concentration in runoff. Comparison of regression coefficients relating manure WEP to runoff DRP concentration revealed an optimum shaking time between 30 min and 2 h, but did not support any single manure/distilled water ratio or filtration method. Replication of two established methods of manure WEP measurement resulted in coefficients of variation of 0.01 to 0.12. Results of this study support the use of a single method with a fixed manure/distilled water ratio for liquid and dry manures. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Kleinman, PJA AU - Sharpley, AN AU - Wolf, A M AU - Beegle, D B AU - Moore, PA Jr AD - USDA-ARS, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, Curtin Road, University Park, PA 16802, USA, pjk9@psu.edu Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 2009 EP - 2015 VL - 66 IS - 6 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agricultural Runoff KW - Poultry KW - Manure KW - Calcium KW - Phosphorus KW - Indicators KW - Distilled Water KW - Slurries KW - Dry Matter KW - Nonpoint Pollution Sources KW - Simulated Rainfall KW - Filtration KW - Phosphates KW - Wastewater Disposal KW - Runoff KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16185658?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Measuring+Water-Extractable+Phosphorus+in+Manure+as+an+Indicator+of+Phosphorus+in+Runoff&rft.au=Kleinman%2C+PJA%3BSharpley%2C+AN%3BWolf%2C+A+M%3BBeegle%2C+D+B%3BMoore%2C+PA+Jr&rft.aulast=Kleinman&rft.aufirst=PJA&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2009&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dry Matter; Poultry; Agricultural Runoff; Calcium; Manure; Indicators; Phosphorus; Nonpoint Pollution Sources; Simulated Rainfall; Distilled Water; Filtration; Phosphates; Slurries; Wastewater Disposal; Runoff ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Mineral and Manure Phosphorus Sources on Runoff Phosphorus AN - 16173263; 5803093 AB - Concern over nonpoint-source phosphorus (P) losses from agricultural lands to surface waters has resulted in scrutiny of factors affecting P loss potential. A rainfall simulation study was conducted to quantify the effects of alternative P sources (dairy manure, poultry manure, swine slurry, and diammonium phosphate), application methods, and initial soil P concentrations on runoff P losses from three acidic soils (Buchanan-Hartleton, Hagerstown, and Lewbeach). Low P (12 to 26 mg kg super(-1) Mehlich-3 P) and high P (396 to 415 mg kg super(-1) Mehlich-3 P) members of each soil were amended with 100 kg total P ha super(-1) from each of the four P sources either by surface application or mixing, and subjected to simulated rainfall (70 mm h super(-1) to produce 30 min runoff). Phosphorus losses from fertilizer and manure applied to the soil surface differed significantly by source, with dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) accounting for 64% of total phosphorus (TP) (versus 9% for the unamended soils). For manure amended soils, these losses were linearly related to water-soluble P concentration of manure (r super(2) = 0.86 for DRP, r super(2) = 0.78 for TP). Mixing the P sources into the soil significantly decreased P losses relative to surface P application, such that DRP losses from amended, mixed soils were not significantly different from the unamended soil. Results of this study can be applied to site assessment indices to quantify the potential for P loss from recently manured soils. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Kleinman, PJA AU - Sharpley, AN AU - Moyer, B G AU - Elwinger, G F AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, Curtin Road, University Park, PA 16802-3702, USA, pjk9@psu.edu Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 2026 EP - 2033 VL - 31 IS - 6 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Poultry KW - Manure KW - Surface water KW - Agricultural pollution KW - Rainfall KW - Phosphorus KW - Soil KW - Fertilizers KW - Slurries KW - Agricultural runoff KW - Animal wastes KW - Nonpoint Pollution Sources KW - Simulation KW - Nonpoint pollution KW - Simulated Rainfall KW - Water pollution KW - Soil Surfaces KW - Phosphates KW - Acidic Soils KW - Minerals KW - Runoff KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16173263?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Mineral+and+Manure+Phosphorus+Sources+on+Runoff+Phosphorus&rft.au=Kleinman%2C+PJA%3BSharpley%2C+AN%3BMoyer%2C+B+G%3BElwinger%2C+G+F&rft.aulast=Kleinman&rft.aufirst=PJA&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2026&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fertilizers; Phosphorus; Agricultural runoff; Water pollution; Animal wastes; Manure; Surface water; Rainfall; Agricultural pollution; Simulation; Nonpoint pollution; Soil; Slurries; Minerals; Runoff; Poultry; Phosphates; Acidic Soils; Nonpoint Pollution Sources; Simulated Rainfall; Soil Surfaces ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Irrigation of Broccoli and Canola with Boron- and Selenium-Laden Effluent AN - 16171951; 5803081 AB - Selenium (Se), boron (B), and salinity contamination of agricultural drainage water is potentially hazardous for water reuse strategies in central California. To demonstrate the feasibility of using plants to extract Se from drainage water, Se accumulation was determined in canola (Brassica napus L.) and broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) irrigated with drainage effluent in the San Joaquin Valley, California. In the 2-yr field study, both crops were irrigated with a typical drainage water containing Se (150 mu g L super(-1)), B (5 mg L super(-1)), and a sulfate dominated salinity (EC of 7 dS m super(-1)). Total dry matter yields were at least 11 Mg ha super(-1) for both canola and broccoli, and plant tissue Se concentrations did not exceed 7 mg kg super(-1) DM for either crop. Based on the amount of soluble Se applied to crops with drainage water and the estimated amount of soluble Se remaining in soil to a depth of 90 cm at harvest, both canola and broccoli accumulated at least 40% of the estimated soluble Se lost from the soil for both years. Applied Se not accounted for in plant tissue or as soluble Se in the soil was presumably lost by biological volatilization. This study suggests that irrigating two high value crops such as canola and broccoli with Se-laden effluent helps manage Se-laden effluent requiring treatment, and also produces economically viable Se-enriched crops. Future research should focus on managing residual salt and B in the soil for sustaining long time water reuse strategies. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Banuelos, G S AD - USDA-ARS Water Management Research Lab., 9611 S. Riverbend Ave., Parlier, CA 93648, USA, gbanuelos@fresno.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 1802 EP - 1808 VL - 31 IS - 6 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Sulfates KW - Water Reuse KW - Plant Tissues KW - Contamination KW - USA, California, San Joaquin Valley KW - Crops KW - Selenium KW - Salinity KW - Water Depth KW - Dry Matter KW - Drainage KW - Wastewater Irrigation KW - Effluents KW - Boron KW - Drainage Water KW - Accumulation KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - AQ 00006:Sewage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16171951?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Irrigation+of+Broccoli+and+Canola+with+Boron-+and+Selenium-Laden+Effluent&rft.au=Banuelos%2C+G+S&rft.aulast=Banuelos&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1802&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sulfates; Plant Tissues; Water Reuse; Dry Matter; Contamination; Wastewater Irrigation; Drainage; Effluents; Boron; Crops; Selenium; Salinity; Water Depth; Drainage Water; Accumulation; USA, California, San Joaquin Valley ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of phosphorus-based nutrient management strategies in Pennsylvania AN - 16154592; 5561358 AB - Farm management and financial impacts of three phosphorus (P) nutrient management strategies outlined in the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) (1999) Unified Strategy for Animal Feeding Operations-soil test crop response (STCR), environmental soil P threshold (ESPT), and P Index (PI)-were evaluated on ten Pennsylvania farms. For each farm, a nutrient management plan (NMP) writer and project economist developed one nitrogen-based and three P-based NMPs and associated partial budgets. Greater management and financial restrictions occurred on high animal density (> 2 animal equivalent units ac super(-1)) and multiple production enterprise farms. Although NMPs for the PI were more expensive to develop, writers and farmers found it the most flexible and practical strategy. Variable P-based NMP impacts indicated the need for a strategy such as the PI that accounted for multiple farm management factors. First-year total NMP implementation costs (across all ten farms) were $61,690 for the STCR, $47,862 for the ESPT, and $45,380 for the PI. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Weld, J L AU - Parsons, R L AU - Beegle, D B AU - Sharpley, AN AU - Gburek, W J AU - Clouser, W R AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit (PSWMRU) in University Park, Pennsylvania, USA Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 448 EP - 454 VL - 57 IS - 6 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - USA, Pennsylvania KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Farms KW - Land Management KW - Agricultural Practices KW - Phosphorus KW - Nutrients KW - Cultivated Lands KW - Soil Properties KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16154592?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+phosphorus-based+nutrient+management+strategies+in+Pennsylvania&rft.au=Weld%2C+J+L%3BParsons%2C+R+L%3BBeegle%2C+D+B%3BSharpley%2C+AN%3BGburek%2C+W+J%3BClouser%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Weld&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=448&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Farms; Land Management; Agricultural Practices; Phosphorus; Nutrients; Soil Properties; Cultivated Lands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantifying phosphorus losses from the agricultural system AN - 16154556; 5561352 AB - Phosphorus is transferred from agricultural lands to water bodies dissolved in surface runoff, attached to eroded sediment, and leached through the soil profile. It is also removed from the agricultural system as a component of the harvested crop. While communicating with landowners and producers during the nutrient management planning process, it is important to emphasize the relative quantity of phosphorus losses via these mechanisms. This manuscript covers methods of assessing these losses. Field specific parameters such as runoff volume, erosion rate, soil test phosphorus, and crop phosphorus concentration need to be considered in relation to estimates of total P enrichment ratios, sediment delivery ratios, and soil sediment enrichment ratios. These estimates can be used to assess how best soil and water conservation practices and other techniques minimize off-site transport of phosphorus. These estimates of phosphorus field loss will contribute to a better understanding of nutrient application risks, wise land use decisions, and increased implementation of management practices. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Lemunyon, J L AU - Daniel, T C AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture-Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA-NRCS) in Fort Worth, Texas, USA Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 399 EP - 401 VL - 57 IS - 6 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Land Use KW - Agricultural Runoff KW - Leaching KW - Surface Runoff KW - Land Management KW - Phosphorus KW - Nutrients KW - Water Conservation KW - Soil erosion KW - Agricultural Chemicals KW - Soil Conservation KW - Cultivated Lands KW - Soil Erosion KW - Agricultural runoff KW - Environment management KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16154556?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Quantifying+phosphorus+losses+from+the+agricultural+system&rft.au=Lemunyon%2C+J+L%3BDaniel%2C+T+C&rft.aulast=Lemunyon&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=399&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Leaching; Phosphorus; Nutrients; Soil erosion; Environment management; Agricultural runoff; Land Use; Agricultural Runoff; Agricultural Chemicals; Land Management; Surface Runoff; Soil Conservation; Water Conservation; Cultivated Lands; Soil Erosion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrogen modeling for soil management AN - 16153930; 5561355 AB - Simulation models of the nitrogen (N) cycle have been used for well over 20 years to help estimate nitrate (NO sub(3)-N) leaching, soil residual NO sub(3)-N, fertilizer N requirements, soil organic N status, and gaseous N emissions associated with agriculture. These models have been coupled with simulations of other related processes such as water and solute transport, crop growth, soil chemistry, temperature regimes, and management to make more complete models of cropping systems. At the core of these tools have been databases for soils, climate, model coefficients, and field/farm/watershed management scenarios. This paper reviews the basic types of N models, modeling techniques, and required databases. The accuracy of N models along with their strengths and limitations are discussed in a management context. Tips are provided on initializing N constituent pools, on using N models in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) applications, on developing confidence bands for N model output, and on using web-based N models. Finally, methods are described to analyze simulated NO sub(3)-N leached, nitrous oxide (N sub(2)O) emissions, and N use efficiencies. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Shaffer, MJ AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service-Northern Plains Area (USDA-ARS-NPA) Great Plains Systems Research Unit in Fort Collins, Colorado, USA Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 417 EP - 424 VL - 57 IS - 6 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Land Management KW - Remote sensing KW - Crops KW - Soil KW - Efficiency KW - Fertilizers KW - Numerical models KW - Nitrous oxide KW - Nitrogen fertilization effects KW - farms KW - Nitrogen in soils KW - Soil properties KW - Geographic Information Systems (GIS) KW - Emissions KW - Watershed management KW - Soil Properties KW - Geographical Information Systems KW - Leaching KW - Nitrates KW - agriculture KW - Temperature KW - Simulation KW - Agrochemicals KW - Nitrogen budget KW - Reviews KW - Agricultural Practices KW - Soil management KW - Cultivated Lands KW - Geographic information systems KW - Nitrogen KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - M2 551.510.3/.4:Physical Properties/Composition (551.510.3/.4) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16153930?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Nitrogen+modeling+for+soil+management&rft.au=Shaffer%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Shaffer&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=417&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Nitrogen budget; Numerical models; Nitrogen fertilization effects; Geographic Information Systems (GIS); Soil properties; Nitrogen in soils; Leaching; Nitrates; Remote sensing; Temperature; agriculture; Simulation; Agrochemicals; Crops; Soil; Fertilizers; Efficiency; Nitrous oxide; farms; Reviews; Soil management; Emissions; Watershed management; Geographic information systems; Nitrogen; Land Management; Agricultural Practices; Cultivated Lands; Soil Properties; Geographical Information Systems ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrogen and phosphorus removal rates using small algal turfs grown with dairy manure AN - 16147233; 5571219 AB - Conservation and reuse of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from animal manure is increasingly important as producers try to minimize transport of these nutrients from farms. An alternative to land spreading is to grow crops of algae on the N and P present in the manure. The general goal of our research is to assess nutrient recovery from animal manure using attached algae. The specific objective of this study was to evaluate the use of small subsections of algal turfs for determining N and P removal rates by attached algae under different loading rates of dairy manure. Algae were grown in a laboratory-scale algal turf scrubber (ATS) operated by recycling wastewater and adding manure effluent daily. Replicate subsections (0.032 m super(2)) of algal turf screens were removed and treated with five different loadings of anaerobically digested dairy manure containing 5 to 80 mg L super(-1) NH sub(4)-N and 1 to 20 mg L super(-1) PO sub(4)-P over a 2-h incubation period. NH sub(4)-N removal rates were biphasic with a fast initial rate followed by a slower rate. Biphasic rates were more pronounced for the lowest loading rates but less so for the higher ones. PO sub(4)-P removal rates were linear throughout the incubation period for all loading rates. N and P removal rates increased with increasing loading rate and biomass. In incubations using 1% dairy manure NH sub(4)-N and PO sub(4)-P removal rates averaged 0.72 and 0.33 g m super(-2) d super(-1), respectively. These rates were approximately 5 to 8-fold lower than rates measured on laboratory-scale ATS units using undisturbed turfs. JF - Journal of Applied Phycology AU - Pizarro, C AU - Kebede-Westhead, E AU - Mulbry, W AD - Beltsville Agricultural Research Center-East, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Manure & By-products Laboratory, Building 306, Room 109, Beltsville, 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 469 EP - 473 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 14 IS - 6 SN - 0921-8971, 0921-8971 KW - algal turfs KW - dairy farms KW - removal KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Pollution Abstracts KW - Water Reuse KW - Phytobenthos KW - Biodegradation KW - Manure KW - Organic wastes KW - Agricultural pollution KW - Phosphorus KW - Incubation KW - Nutrients KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Phosphorus removal KW - Water pollution treatment KW - Algae KW - Biofilters KW - Animal wastes KW - Agricultural wastes KW - Biofiltration KW - Nitrogen removal KW - Dairies KW - Turf Grasses KW - Load Distribution KW - Conservation KW - Uptake KW - Pollution control KW - Nitrogen KW - P 3000:SEWAGE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT KW - AQ 00007:Industrial Effluents KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - Q1 08226:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - Q5 08505:Prevention and control KW - K 03098:Spoilage & biodegradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16147233?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Phycology&rft.atitle=Nitrogen+and+phosphorus+removal+rates+using+small+algal+turfs+grown+with+dairy+manure&rft.au=Pizarro%2C+C%3BKebede-Westhead%2C+E%3BMulbry%2C+W&rft.aulast=Pizarro&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=469&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Phycology&rft.issn=09218971&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phytobenthos; Biofilters; Manure; Organic wastes; Agricultural pollution; Water pollution treatment; Phosphorus; Uptake; Wastewater treatment; Nitrogen; Pollution control; Biodegradation; Algae; Biofiltration; Phosphorus removal; Nitrogen removal; Dairies; Animal wastes; Agricultural wastes; Water Reuse; Turf Grasses; Load Distribution; Conservation; Incubation; Nutrients ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Remote sensing in hydrology AN - 16146098; 5526492 AB - Remote sensing provides a means of observing hydrological state variables over large areas. The ones which we will consider in this paper are land surface temperature from thermal infrared data, surface soil moisture from passive microwave data, snow cover using both visible and microwave data, water quality using visible and near-infrared data and estimating landscape surface roughness using lidar. Methods for estimating the hydrometeorlogical fluxes, evapotranspiration and snowmelt runoff, using these state variables are also described. JF - Advances in Water Resources AU - Schmugge, T J AU - Kustas, W P AU - Ritchie, J C AU - Jackson, T J AU - Rango, A AD - USDA-ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, schmugge@hydrolab.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 1367 EP - 1385 VL - 25 IS - 8-12 SN - 0309-1708, 0309-1708 KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Remote Sensing KW - water quality KW - Remote sensing KW - Lidar KW - Water resources KW - Snow Cover KW - Hydrologic research KW - Soil Water KW - Water quality KW - Microwaves KW - Hydrologic Data Collections KW - Data Acquisition KW - Hydrology KW - Data Interpretation KW - Topography KW - Snow KW - Soil/water systems KW - Landscape KW - Water Quality KW - Temperature KW - Evapotranspiration KW - Snow cover KW - Remote sensing in hydrology KW - Surface roughness KW - Snowmelt KW - Soil moisture KW - Water quality (Natural waters) KW - Hydrologic observation techniques KW - Runoff KW - M2 556:General (556) KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 0810:General KW - Q2 09161:General KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes KW - M2 551.501:Methods of Observation/Computations (551.501) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16146098?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+Water+Resources&rft.atitle=Remote+sensing+in+hydrology&rft.au=Schmugge%2C+T+J%3BKustas%2C+W+P%3BRitchie%2C+J+C%3BJackson%2C+T+J%3BRango%2C+A&rft.aulast=Schmugge&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=8-12&rft.spage=1367&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+Water+Resources&rft.issn=03091708&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0309-1708%2802%2900065-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Microwaves; Snow; Surface roughness; Remote sensing; Hydrology; Water resources; Lidar; Water quality; Runoff; Hydrologic research; Remote sensing in hydrology; Hydrologic observation techniques; water quality; Landscape; Temperature; Snowmelt; Evapotranspiration; Soil moisture; Soil/water systems; Snow cover; Water quality (Natural waters); Topography; Remote Sensing; Hydrologic Data Collections; Data Acquisition; Water Quality; Snow Cover; Soil Water; Data Interpretation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1708(02)00065-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparing five modelling techniques for predicting forest characteristics AN - 18613522; 5524167 AB - Broad-scale maps of forest characteristics are needed throughout the United States for a wide variety of forest land management applications. Inexpensive maps can be produced by modelling forest class and structure variables collected in nationwide forest inventories as functions of satellite-based information. But little work has been directed at comparing modelling techniques to determine which tools are best suited to mapping tasks given multiple objectives and logistical constraints. Consequently, five modelling techniques were compared for mapping forest characteristics in the Interior Western United States. The modelling techniques included linear models (LMs), generalized additive models (GAMs), classification and regression trees (CARTs), multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), and artificial neural networks (ANNs). Models were built for two discrete and four continuous forest response variables using a variety of satellite-based predictor variables within each of five ecologically different regions. All techniques proved themselves workable in an automated environment. When their potential mapping ability was explored through simulations, tremendous advantages were seen in use of MARS and ANN for prediction over LMs, GAMs, and CART. However, much smaller differences were seen when using real data. In some instances, a simple linear approach worked virtually as well as the more complex models, while small gains were seen using more complex models in other instances. In real data runs, MARS and GAMS performed (marginally) best for prediction of forest characteristics. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Moisen, G G AU - Frescino, T S AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 507 25th Street, Ogden, UT 84401, USA, gmoisen@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/11/30/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 30 SP - 209 EP - 225 VL - 157 IS - 2-3 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - artificial neural networks KW - classification and regression trees KW - generalized additive models KW - linear models KW - multivariate adaptive regression splines KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - W4 220:Environmental Modeling KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18613522?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=Comparing+five+modelling+techniques+for+predicting+forest+characteristics&rft.au=Moisen%2C+G+G%3BFrescino%2C+T+S&rft.aulast=Moisen&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-11-30&rft.volume=157&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=209&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Assessment of the conservation status of Sierra Nevada Red Fox, Pacific fisher, and American marten in the Sierra Nevada mountains and Modoc Plateau of California AN - 39736848; 3730242 AU - Macfarlane, D C Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39736848?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+the+conservation+status+of+Sierra+Nevada+Red+Fox%2C+Pacific+fisher%2C+and+American+marten+in+the+Sierra+Nevada+mountains+and+Modoc+Plateau+of+California&rft.au=Macfarlane%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Macfarlane&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Defenders of Wildlife, National Headquarters, 1101 14th Street, NW #1400, Washington, DC 20005, USA; phone: 202-682-9400; email: info@defenders.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Wolverine conservation: An integrated approach AN - 39720906; 3730069 AU - Claar, J J AU - Ruggiero, L AU - McKelvey, K AU - Copeland, J AU - Bosch, M Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39720906?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Wolverine+conservation%3A+An+integrated+approach&rft.au=Claar%2C+J+J%3BRuggiero%2C+L%3BMcKelvey%2C+K%3BCopeland%2C+J%3BBosch%2C+M&rft.aulast=Claar&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Defenders of Wildlife, National Headquarters, 1101 14th Street, NW #1400, Washington, DC 20005, USA; phone: 202-682-9400; email: info@defenders.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Ecological cycles and the sustainable management of tropical forests AN - 39719354; 3717061 AU - Scatena, F N Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39719354?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Ecological+cycles+and+the+sustainable+management+of+tropical+forests&rft.au=Scatena%2C+F+N&rft.aulast=Scatena&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, ATTN: ATB2002, Unit 0948, APO Miami 34002-0948, USA; phone: 507-212-8115; fax: 507-212-8148; email: ATB2002@tivoli.si.edu; URL: www.stri.org/atb2002/ N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Spectroscopic methods for determining the oxidation of biodiesel fuel AN - 39674030; 3714239 AU - Knothe, G Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39674030?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Spectroscopic+methods+for+determining+the+oxidation+of+biodiesel+fuel&rft.au=Knothe%2C+G&rft.aulast=Knothe&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: University of Idaho, Dept. of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, E/P 421, Moscow, Idaho 83844, USA; phone: 208-885-7906; fax: 208-885-7908; email: peterson@uidaho.edu. Paper No. 2121 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Efficacy of lures and hair snares to detect wolverine AN - 39644819; 3730071 AU - Copeland, J P Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39644819?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+lures+and+hair+snares+to+detect+wolverine&rft.au=Copeland%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Copeland&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Defenders of Wildlife, National Headquarters, 1101 14th Street, NW #1400, Washington, DC 20005, USA; phone: 202-682-9400; email: info@defenders.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Genetic modification removes an immunodominant allergen from soybean AN - 39641352; 3727371 AU - Herman, E Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39641352?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Genetic+modification+removes+an+immunodominant+allergen+from+soybean&rft.au=Herman%2C+E&rft.aulast=Herman&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, email: soy2002@aces.uiuc.edu; URL: www.soy2002.uiuc.edu. Paper No. 407 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Wood anatomy of vochysiaceae with special reference to Qualea and Ruizterania AN - 39637379; 3722014 AU - Miller, R B Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39637379?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Wood+anatomy+of+vochysiaceae+with+special+reference+to+Qualea+and+Ruizterania&rft.au=Miller%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Botanical Society of America, Botanical Society of America, 1735 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1293, USA; URL: www.botany.org. Paper No. 37-5 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Complex plantations and sequential interventions: An active approach to forest restoration AN - 39625083; 3731507 AU - Stanturf, JA Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39625083?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Complex+plantations+and+sequential+interventions%3A+An+active+approach+to+forest+restoration&rft.au=Stanturf%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Stanturf&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Brandenburg Univ. of Technology, Research Center Mining Landscapes, P.O. Box 101344, 03013 Cottbus, Germany; phone: 49-355-69-4568; fax: 49-355-69-2323; email: kirschep@tu-cottbus.de N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Hydrological and biogeochemical controls on contaminant mitigation in a first-order riparian wetland AN - 39616741; 3714946 AU - Angier, J T AU - McCarty, G W Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39616741?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Hydrological+and+biogeochemical+controls+on+contaminant+mitigation+in+a+first-order+riparian+wetland&rft.au=Angier%2C+J+T%3BMcCarty%2C+G+W&rft.aulast=Angier&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Potomac Watershed Partnership, 1730 North Lynn Street, Suite 403, Arlington, VA 22209, USA; phone: 703-276-2777; fax: 703-276-1098; URL: www.Potomac.org/pwp/conference.html N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Geographic variation in wood specific gravity AN - 39598116; 3721762 AU - Wiemann, M C AU - Williamson, G B Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39598116?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Geographic+variation+in+wood+specific+gravity&rft.au=Wiemann%2C+M+C%3BWilliamson%2C+G+B&rft.aulast=Wiemann&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Botanical Society of America, Botanical Society of America, 1735 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1293, USA; URL: www.botany.org. Paper No. 24-5 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Flavonoids as chemotaxonomic markers of Erythroxylum australe AN - 39598009; 3721730 AU - Johnson, EL Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39598009?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Flavonoids+as+chemotaxonomic+markers+of+Erythroxylum+australe&rft.au=Johnson%2C+EL&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=EL&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Botanical Society of America, Botanical Society of America, 1735 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1293, USA; URL: www.botany.org. Paper No. 19-2 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Linkage disequilibrium and association analysis for QTL discovery AN - 39597106; 3727350 AU - Cregan, P Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39597106?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Linkage+disequilibrium+and+association+analysis+for+QTL+discovery&rft.au=Cregan%2C+P&rft.aulast=Cregan&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, email: soy2002@aces.uiuc.edu; URL: www.soy2002.uiuc.edu. Paper No. 106 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Soil carbon assessment across a native prairie restoration chronosequence AN - 39596283; 3729952 AU - Cambardella, C AU - Schilling, K AU - Isenhart, T AU - Schultz, R AU - Drobney, P Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39596283?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Soil+carbon+assessment+across+a+native+prairie+restoration+chronosequence&rft.au=Cambardella%2C+C%3BSchilling%2C+K%3BIsenhart%2C+T%3BSchultz%2C+R%3BDrobney%2C+P&rft.aulast=Cambardella&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Kirksville Area Chamber of Commerce, 304 S. Franklin, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA; phone: 660-665-3766; fax: 660-665-3767; email: pchamber@kvmo.net; URL: www.napc2002.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Historical biogeography of the wolverine in the United States AN - 39595783; 3730070 AU - McKelvey, K S Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39595783?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Historical+biogeography+of+the+wolverine+in+the+United+States&rft.au=McKelvey%2C+K+S&rft.aulast=McKelvey&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Defenders of Wildlife, National Headquarters, 1101 14th Street, NW #1400, Washington, DC 20005, USA; phone: 202-682-9400; email: info@defenders.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Opportunities in the 2002 farm bill to restore wetlands and improve water quality AN - 39595363; 3729941 AU - Bensey, R L Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39595363?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Opportunities+in+the+2002+farm+bill+to+restore+wetlands+and+improve+water+quality&rft.au=Bensey%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Bensey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Conservation Technology Information Center, c/o Tammy Taylor, 1220 Potter Drive, Suite 170, West Lafayette, IN 47906; phone: 765-494-1814; fax: 765-494-5969; email: taylor@ctic.purdue.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Vetiver grass technology for site stabilization, revegetation and phytoremediation at the Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC AN - 39595161; 3729902 AU - Dagnan, D Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39595161?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Vetiver+grass+technology+for+site+stabilization%2C+revegetation+and+phytoremediation+at+the+Savannah+River+Site%2C+Aiken%2C+SC&rft.au=Dagnan%2C+D&rft.aulast=Dagnan&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Conservation Technology Information Center, c/o Tammy Taylor, 1220 Potter Drive, Suite 170, West Lafayette, IN 47906; phone: 765-494-1814; fax: 765-494-5969; email: taylor@ctic.purdue.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Cloning and characterization of APS reductase from soybean AN - 39592919; 3727376 AU - Krishnan, H Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39592919?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Cloning+and+characterization+of+APS+reductase+from+soybean&rft.au=Krishnan%2C+H&rft.aulast=Krishnan&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, email: soy2002@aces.uiuc.edu; URL: www.soy2002.uiuc.edu. Paper No. 505 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evolution and cultivar-group classification of cultivated potatoes AN - 39592522; 3721719 AU - Spooner, D M Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39592522?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evolution+and+cultivar-group+classification+of+cultivated+potatoes&rft.au=Spooner%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Spooner&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Botanical Society of America, Botanical Society of America, 1735 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1293, USA; URL: www.botany.org. Paper No. 17-2 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Genetic modification of soybean for enhanced industrial value AN - 39592182; 3727372 AU - Cahoon, E Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39592182?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Genetic+modification+of+soybean+for+enhanced+industrial+value&rft.au=Cahoon%2C+E&rft.aulast=Cahoon&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, email: soy2002@aces.uiuc.edu; URL: www.soy2002.uiuc.edu. Paper No. 501 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Serum immunoglobulin of hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis) AN - 39584066; 3714172 AU - Shelby, R A AU - Shoemaker, CA AU - Klesius, PH Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39584066?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Serum+immunoglobulin+of+hybrid+striped+bass+%28Morone+chrysops+x+M.+saxatilis%29&rft.au=Shelby%2C+R+A%3BShoemaker%2C+CA%3BKlesius%2C+PH&rft.aulast=Shelby&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Louisiana State University-School of Veterinary Medicine, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; phone: 225-578-9900; fax: 225-578-9916; URL: www.vetmed.lsu.edu. Poster Paper No. 57 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Saturated palmitic and stearic fatty acids in populations of Helianthus annuus from the Central US Great Plains AN - 39583393; 3721731 AU - Seiler, G Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39583393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Saturated+palmitic+and+stearic+fatty+acids+in+populations+of+Helianthus+annuus+from+the+Central+US+Great+Plains&rft.au=Seiler%2C+G&rft.aulast=Seiler&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Botanical Society of America, Botanical Society of America, 1735 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1293, USA; URL: www.botany.org. Paper No. 19-3 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Progress in mapping for SCN resistance in soybean AN - 39581518; 3727355 AU - Arelli, P Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39581518?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Progress+in+mapping+for+SCN+resistance+in+soybean&rft.au=Arelli%2C+P&rft.aulast=Arelli&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, email: soy2002@aces.uiuc.edu; URL: www.soy2002.uiuc.edu. Paper No. 204 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Using a regional index of biotic integrity (IBI) to assess the effects of stream buffers in Northern Virginia AN - 39581259; 3714934 AU - Teels, B M AU - Rewa, CA AU - Myers, J Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39581259?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Using+a+regional+index+of+biotic+integrity+%28IBI%29+to+assess+the+effects+of+stream+buffers+in+Northern+Virginia&rft.au=Teels%2C+B+M%3BRewa%2C+CA%3BMyers%2C+J&rft.aulast=Teels&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Potomac Watershed Partnership, 1730 North Lynn Street, Suite 403, Arlington, VA 22209, USA; phone: 703-276-2777; fax: 703-276-1098; URL: www.Potomac.org/pwp/conference.html N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Contributions to Mimulus genetics, evolution, ecology, and systematics AN - 39579266; 3721713 AU - McArthur, ED Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39579266?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Contributions+to+Mimulus+genetics%2C+evolution%2C+ecology%2C+and+systematics&rft.au=McArthur%2C+ED&rft.aulast=McArthur&rft.aufirst=ED&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Botanical Society of America, Botanical Society of America, 1735 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1293, USA; URL: www.botany.org. Paper No. 16-1 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Challenge of restoring the land and serving the people AN - 39577975; 3714888 AU - Bosworth, D Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39577975?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Challenge+of+restoring+the+land+and+serving+the+people&rft.au=Bosworth%2C+D&rft.aulast=Bosworth&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Potomac Watershed Partnership, 1730 North Lynn Street, Suite 403, Arlington, VA 22209, USA; phone: 703-276-2777; fax: 703-276-1098; URL: www.Potomac.org/pwp/conference.html N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Wetlands reserve program in Indiana AN - 39577952; 3729887 AU - Roach, J Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39577952?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Wetlands+reserve+program+in+Indiana&rft.au=Roach%2C+J&rft.aulast=Roach&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Conservation Technology Information Center, c/o Tammy Taylor, 1220 Potter Drive, Suite 170, West Lafayette, IN 47906; phone: 765-494-1814; fax: 765-494-5969; email: taylor@ctic.purdue.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Macrotopography: A wetland restoration technique AN - 39576995; 3729916 AU - Roach, J Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39576995?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Macrotopography%3A+A+wetland+restoration+technique&rft.au=Roach%2C+J&rft.aulast=Roach&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Conservation Technology Information Center, c/o Tammy Taylor, 1220 Potter Drive, Suite 170, West Lafayette, IN 47906; phone: 765-494-1814; fax: 765-494-5969; email: taylor@ctic.purdue.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Chloroplast and nuclear sequences reveal a complex, reticulate ancestry for the Mexican cotton Gossypium gossypioides (Malvaceae) AN - 39576637; 3721997 AU - Cronn, R AU - Small, R AU - Haselkorn, T AU - Wendel, J Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39576637?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Chloroplast+and+nuclear+sequences+reveal+a+complex%2C+reticulate+ancestry+for+the+Mexican+cotton+Gossypium+gossypioides+%28Malvaceae%29&rft.au=Cronn%2C+R%3BSmall%2C+R%3BHaselkorn%2C+T%3BWendel%2C+J&rft.aulast=Cronn&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Botanical Society of America, Botanical Society of America, 1735 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1293, USA; URL: www.botany.org. Paper No. 35-8 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Wood anatomy of seasonally flooded lightweight-wooded Venezuelan trees AN - 39575146; 3722012 AU - Wiedenhoeft, A C AU - Miller, R B AU - Berry, P E Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39575146?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Wood+anatomy+of+seasonally+flooded+lightweight-wooded+Venezuelan+trees&rft.au=Wiedenhoeft%2C+A+C%3BMiller%2C+R+B%3BBerry%2C+P+E&rft.aulast=Wiedenhoeft&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Botanical Society of America, Botanical Society of America, 1735 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1293, USA; URL: www.botany.org. Paper No. 37-3 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Status of epidemiologic studies of ISA in Maine AN - 39572299; 3713981 AU - Ellis, S K AU - Gustafson, L L Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39572299?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Status+of+epidemiologic+studies+of+ISA+in+Maine&rft.au=Ellis%2C+S+K%3BGustafson%2C+L+L&rft.aulast=Ellis&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Louisiana State University-School of Veterinary Medicine, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; phone: 225-578-9900; fax: 225-578-9916; URL: www.vetmed.lsu.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Adenovirus as a method for the delivery and expression of foreign genes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) AN - 39571314; 3714088 AU - Overturf, K AU - LaPatra, S AU - Reynolds, P N Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39571314?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Adenovirus+as+a+method+for+the+delivery+and+expression+of+foreign+genes+in+rainbow+trout+%28Oncorhynchus+mykiss%29&rft.au=Overturf%2C+K%3BLaPatra%2C+S%3BReynolds%2C+P+N&rft.aulast=Overturf&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Louisiana State University-School of Veterinary Medicine, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; phone: 225-578-9900; fax: 225-578-9916; URL: www.vetmed.lsu.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Comparison of bacterial loads in ESC-susceptible and resistant channel catfish with real-time PCR AN - 39571079; 3714029 AU - Bilodeau, AL AU - Small, B C AU - Wolters, W R AU - Wise, D J Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39571079?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+bacterial+loads+in+ESC-susceptible+and+resistant+channel+catfish+with+real-time+PCR&rft.au=Bilodeau%2C+AL%3BSmall%2C+B+C%3BWolters%2C+W+R%3BWise%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Bilodeau&rft.aufirst=AL&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Louisiana State University-School of Veterinary Medicine, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; phone: 225-578-9900; fax: 225-578-9916; URL: www.vetmed.lsu.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Molecular beacons to select for SCN resistance at rhg1 and Rhg4 AN - 39566682; 3727403 AU - Hofmann, N Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39566682?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Molecular+beacons+to+select+for+SCN+resistance+at+rhg1+and+Rhg4&rft.au=Hofmann%2C+N&rft.aulast=Hofmann&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, email: soy2002@aces.uiuc.edu; URL: www.soy2002.uiuc.edu. Poster Paper No. P211 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Production and engine emissions of biodiesel from low cost feeds: Soapstock and acid oil AN - 39565409; 3714240 AU - Haas, MJ AU - McCormick, R L AU - Alleman, T L AU - Scott, K M Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39565409?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Production+and+engine+emissions+of+biodiesel+from+low+cost+feeds%3A+Soapstock+and+acid+oil&rft.au=Haas%2C+MJ%3BMcCormick%2C+R+L%3BAlleman%2C+T+L%3BScott%2C+K+M&rft.aulast=Haas&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: University of Idaho, Dept. of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, E/P 421, Moscow, Idaho 83844, USA; phone: 208-885-7906; fax: 208-885-7908; email: peterson@uidaho.edu. Paper No. 2125 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Nitrogen leaching loss estimates from forested ecosystems in the Chesapeake Bay watershed AN - 39563878; 3714909 AU - Hom, J L AU - Pan, Y AU - McCullough, K Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39563878?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Nitrogen+leaching+loss+estimates+from+forested+ecosystems+in+the+Chesapeake+Bay+watershed&rft.au=Hom%2C+J+L%3BPan%2C+Y%3BMcCullough%2C+K&rft.aulast=Hom&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Potomac Watershed Partnership, 1730 North Lynn Street, Suite 403, Arlington, VA 22209, USA; phone: 703-276-2777; fax: 703-276-1098; URL: www.Potomac.org/pwp/conference.html N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Cluster fescue: A native cool season grass - A component usually missing in native plantings AN - 39548851; 3729988 AU - Navarrete-Tindall, N AU - Mechlin, L AU - Van Sambeek, JW AU - McGraw, R L Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39548851?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Cluster+fescue%3A+A+native+cool+season+grass+-+A+component+usually+missing+in+native+plantings&rft.au=Navarrete-Tindall%2C+N%3BMechlin%2C+L%3BVan+Sambeek%2C+JW%3BMcGraw%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Navarrete-Tindall&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Kirksville Area Chamber of Commerce, 304 S. Franklin, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA; phone: 660-665-3766; fax: 660-665-3767; email: pchamber@kvmo.net; URL: www.napc2002.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Modern and eocene temperature estimation from leaf morphology and wood anatomy AN - 39547263; 3721819 AU - Wiemann, M C AU - Wheeler, E A AU - Manchester AU - Dilcher, D L Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39547263?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Modern+and+eocene+temperature+estimation+from+leaf+morphology+and+wood+anatomy&rft.au=Wiemann%2C+M+C%3BWheeler%2C+E+A%3BManchester%3BDilcher%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Wiemann&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Botanical Society of America, Botanical Society of America, 1735 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1293, USA; URL: www.botany.org. Paper No. 30-9 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Wolverine distribution and movements relative to landscape features in the pioneer, flint and anaconda/pintler mountains of Southwestern Montana AN - 39546895; 3730072 AU - Squires, J Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39546895?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Wolverine+distribution+and+movements+relative+to+landscape+features+in+the+pioneer%2C+flint+and+anaconda%2Fpintler+mountains+of+Southwestern+Montana&rft.au=Squires%2C+J&rft.aulast=Squires&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Defenders of Wildlife, National Headquarters, 1101 14th Street, NW #1400, Washington, DC 20005, USA; phone: 202-682-9400; email: info@defenders.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Native species releases for roadside plantings, prairie restorations and landscaping AN - 39543444; 3730032 AU - Kaiser, J AU - Bruckerhoff, S Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39543444?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Native+species+releases+for+roadside+plantings%2C+prairie+restorations+and+landscaping&rft.au=Kaiser%2C+J%3BBruckerhoff%2C+S&rft.aulast=Kaiser&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Kirksville Area Chamber of Commerce, 304 S. Franklin, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA; phone: 660-665-3766; fax: 660-665-3767; email: pchamber@kvmo.net; URL: www.napc2002.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Morphological differences in mead's milkweed: Prairie plants vs monoculture plants AN - 39541457; 3730039 AU - Row, J M AU - Wynia, R L AU - Conway, T M AU - Kindscher, K Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39541457?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Business+world%3A+The+latest+management+craze%3A+Crazy+management&rft.au=Jenkins%2C+Holman+W%2C+Jr&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=Holman&rft.date=1996-10-08&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=A23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.issn=00999660&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Kirksville Area Chamber of Commerce, 304 S. Franklin, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA; phone: 660-665-3766; fax: 660-665-3767; email: pchamber@kvmo.net; URL: www.napc2002.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Establishing prairie cordgrass AN - 39541423; 3730031 AU - Jensen, N AU - Bergsagel, R AU - Halko, P Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39541423?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Establishing+prairie+cordgrass&rft.au=Jensen%2C+N%3BBergsagel%2C+R%3BHalko%2C+P&rft.aulast=Jensen&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Kirksville Area Chamber of Commerce, 304 S. Franklin, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA; phone: 660-665-3766; fax: 660-665-3767; email: pchamber@kvmo.net; URL: www.napc2002.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Expression level of immunological factors from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after infection with either bacterial or viral pathogens AN - 39537157; 3714080 AU - Overturf, K AU - LaPatra, S AU - Bullock, D Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39537157?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Expression+level+of+immunological+factors+from+rainbow+trout+%28Oncorhynchus+mykiss%29+after+infection+with+either+bacterial+or+viral+pathogens&rft.au=Overturf%2C+K%3BLaPatra%2C+S%3BBullock%2C+D&rft.aulast=Overturf&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Louisiana State University-School of Veterinary Medicine, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; phone: 225-578-9900; fax: 225-578-9916; URL: www.vetmed.lsu.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Assessing cortisol responsiveness between strains and Edwardsiella ictaluri susceptible and resistant families of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus AN - 39536863; 3714031 AU - Small, B C AU - Bilodeau, AL AU - Wolters, W R Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39536863?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Assessing+cortisol+responsiveness+between+strains+and+Edwardsiella+ictaluri+susceptible+and+resistant+families+of+channel+catfish%2C+Ictalurus+punctatus&rft.au=Small%2C+B+C%3BBilodeau%2C+AL%3BWolters%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Small&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Louisiana State University-School of Veterinary Medicine, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; phone: 225-578-9900; fax: 225-578-9916; URL: www.vetmed.lsu.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Hypoxia induces HSP 70 production in juvenile Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) AN - 39532062; 3714176 AU - Delaney, MA AU - Klesius, PH Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39532062?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Hypoxia+induces+HSP+70+production+in+juvenile+Nile+tilapia%2C+Oreochromis+niloticus+%28L.%29&rft.au=Delaney%2C+MA%3BKlesius%2C+PH&rft.aulast=Delaney&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Louisiana State University-School of Veterinary Medicine, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; phone: 225-578-9900; fax: 225-578-9916; URL: www.vetmed.lsu.edu. Poster Paper No. 61 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - APHIS veterinary services implements an infectious salmon anemia (ISA) program AN - 39531827; 3714040 AU - Miller, O Jr Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39531827?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=APHIS+veterinary+services+implements+an+infectious+salmon+anemia+%28ISA%29+program&rft.au=Miller%2C+O+Jr&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Louisiana State University-School of Veterinary Medicine, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; phone: 225-578-9900; fax: 225-578-9916; URL: www.vetmed.lsu.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - National monitoring system for riparian forest health AN - 39514735; 3714932 AU - Manning, ME AU - Verry, S AU - Stolte, K Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39514735?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=National+monitoring+system+for+riparian+forest+health&rft.au=Manning%2C+ME%3BVerry%2C+S%3BStolte%2C+K&rft.aulast=Manning&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Potomac Watershed Partnership, 1730 North Lynn Street, Suite 403, Arlington, VA 22209, USA; phone: 703-276-2777; fax: 703-276-1098; URL: www.Potomac.org/pwp/conference.html N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Water quality processes and functions of wetlands, streams and riparian areas AN - 39505289; 3714931 AU - Lowrance, R A Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39505289?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Water+quality+processes+and+functions+of+wetlands%2C+streams+and+riparian+areas&rft.au=Lowrance%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Lowrance&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Potomac Watershed Partnership, 1730 North Lynn Street, Suite 403, Arlington, VA 22209, USA; phone: 703-276-2777; fax: 703-276-1098; URL: www.Potomac.org/pwp/conference.html N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Research opportunities for bioactive natural constituents in agriculture and food prepared for the 50th anniversary of the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. AN - 72690680; 12428940 AB - The Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry recently introduced a new subject matter category titled "Bioactive Constituents" to cover investigations of the composition of natural compounds and their biological activity in crops and foods. It is recognized by the Editors that a number of other journals specialize in various aspects of the chemistry of natural products, but the intent of this classification is to emphasize and stimulate submission of manuscripts in such areas of agricultural and food chemistry that have so far been neglected or under-represented. Selected topics dealing with bioactive constituents are given as representative examples of the types of investigations that would be appropriate to the scope of the Journal. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Molyneux, Russell J AD - Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California 94710, USA. jafc@pw.usda.gov. Y1 - 2002/11/20/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 20 SP - 6939 EP - 6942 VL - 50 IS - 24 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Periodicals as Topic KW - Food Microbiology KW - Anniversaries and Special Events KW - Food Technology KW - Food Contamination KW - Agriculture KW - Plants, Edible -- chemistry KW - Research KW - Plants, Medicinal -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72690680?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Research+opportunities+for+bioactive+natural+constituents+in+agriculture+and+food+prepared+for+the+50th+anniversary+of+the+Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry.&rft.au=Molyneux%2C+Russell+J&rft.aulast=Molyneux&rft.aufirst=Russell&rft.date=2002-11-20&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=6939&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-14 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity of (+)- and (-)-gossypol to the plant pathogen, Rhizoctonia solani. AN - 72671881; 12428953 AB - The dimeric sesquiterpene gossypol occurs naturally in cottonseed and other parts of the cotton plant. Gossypol exists as enantiomers because of the restricted rotation around the central binaphthyl bond. The (-)-enantiomer is toxic to nonruminant animals while the (+)-enantiomer exhibits little, if any, toxicity to these animals. Developing cotton plants with low levels of the (-)-gossypol could expand the use of cottonseed as a feed source. Gossypol also may play a role in protecting the plant from pathogens. The relative toxicity of (+)- and (-)-gossypol to plant pathogens has not been reported. We measured the concentration of (+)- and (-)-gossypol in roots from cotton seedlings that were treated with the biocontrol agent Trichoderma virens that induces biosynthesis of gossypol and related terpenoids in cotton roots. (-)-Gossypol was the minor enantiomer in control and treated roots, but levels were slightly higher in roots from T. virens-treated seed. We also determined the toxicity of the gossypol enantiomers and the racemate to the seedling disease pathogen Rhizoctonia solani. The (+)- and (-)-enantiomers of gossypol and the racemate are equally effective in inhibiting growth of this pathogen. The lethal doses of the gossypols required to kill the pathogen appeared to be similar, but their toxicities are significantly less than those of related cotton and kenaf sesquiterpenes. The results indicate that altering the enantiomeric ratio in cotton roots will not adversely affect the resistance of seedlings to the seedling pathogen R. solani. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Puckhaber, Lorraine S AU - Dowd, Michael K AU - Stipanovic, Robert D AU - Howell, Charles R AD - USDA-ARS, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, 2765 F&B Road, College Station, Texas 77845, USA. Y1 - 2002/11/20/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 20 SP - 7017 EP - 7021 VL - 50 IS - 24 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Gossypol KW - KAV15B369O KW - Index Medicus KW - Stereoisomerism KW - Seeds -- chemistry KW - Trichoderma KW - Plant Diseases -- microbiology KW - Plant Roots -- chemistry KW - Seedlings -- microbiology KW - Seedlings -- chemistry KW - Rhizoctonia -- drug effects KW - Gossypol -- analysis KW - Rhizoctonia -- growth & development KW - Gossypol -- pharmacology KW - Gossypium -- chemistry KW - Gossypium -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72671881?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Toxicity+of+%28%2B%29-+and+%28-%29-gossypol+to+the+plant+pathogen%2C+Rhizoctonia+solani.&rft.au=Puckhaber%2C+Lorraine+S%3BDowd%2C+Michael+K%3BStipanovic%2C+Robert+D%3BHowell%2C+Charles+R&rft.aulast=Puckhaber&rft.aufirst=Lorraine&rft.date=2002-11-20&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=7017&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-14 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Great lakes environmental indicators AN - 39693466; 3711808 AU - Nanney, R D Y1 - 2002/11/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39693466?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Great+lakes+environmental+indicators&rft.au=Nanney%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Nanney&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-11-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Soil and Water Conservation Society, 7515 NE Ankeny Rd., Ankeny, IA 50021-9764, USA; URL: www.swcs.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Optimizing placement of practices to intercept nutrients in a tiled-drained agricultural watershed AN - 39622123; 3711825 AU - Tomer, M Y1 - 2002/11/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39622123?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Optimizing+placement+of+practices+to+intercept+nutrients+in+a+tiled-drained+agricultural+watershed&rft.au=Tomer%2C+M&rft.aulast=Tomer&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-11-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Soil and Water Conservation Society, 7515 NE Ankeny Rd., Ankeny, IA 50021-9764, USA; URL: www.swcs.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Conflicting objectives for mineral resource management: The case of aggregate quarries in Slovenia AN - 39615826; 3711019 AU - Shields, D J AU - Solar, S V AU - Martin, W E AU - Martin, I M Y1 - 2002/11/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39615826?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Conflicting+objectives+for+mineral+resource+management%3A+The+case+of+aggregate+quarries+in+Slovenia&rft.au=Shields%2C+D+J%3BSolar%2C+S+V%3BMartin%2C+W+E%3BMartin%2C+I+M&rft.aulast=Shields&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-11-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: SWEMP 2002, c/o DIGITA Dipartimento di Geoingegneria e Tecnologie Ambientali, Facolta di Ingegneria, Piazza d'Armi, 09123 Cagliari, Italy N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Agricultural reserve program: Virginia beachs solution to farmland preservation AN - 39583505; 3711815 AU - Crabtree, G Y1 - 2002/11/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39583505?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Agricultural+reserve+program%3A+Virginia+beachs+solution+to+farmland+preservation&rft.au=Crabtree%2C+G&rft.aulast=Crabtree&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-11-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Soil and Water Conservation Society, 7515 NE Ankeny Rd., Ankeny, IA 50021-9764, USA; URL: www.swcs.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Natural resource assessment process for alternative enterprises and agritourism AN - 39581932; 3711813 AU - Maetzold, J Y1 - 2002/11/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39581932?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Natural+resource+assessment+process+for+alternative+enterprises+and+agritourism&rft.au=Maetzold%2C+J&rft.aulast=Maetzold&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-11-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Soil and Water Conservation Society, 7515 NE Ankeny Rd., Ankeny, IA 50021-9764, USA; URL: www.swcs.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Toward a new definition of soil loss tolerance for the United States AN - 39567381; 3711823 AU - Nearing, M Y1 - 2002/11/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39567381?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Toward+a+new+definition+of+soil+loss+tolerance+for+the+United+States&rft.au=Nearing%2C+M&rft.aulast=Nearing&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-11-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Soil and Water Conservation Society, 7515 NE Ankeny Rd., Ankeny, IA 50021-9764, USA; URL: www.swcs.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Using a watershed assessment in managing nonpoint source pollution AN - 39565773; 3711833 AU - Bahl, D Y1 - 2002/11/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39565773?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Using+a+watershed+assessment+in+managing+nonpoint+source+pollution&rft.au=Bahl%2C+D&rft.aulast=Bahl&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-11-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Soil and Water Conservation Society, 7515 NE Ankeny Rd., Ankeny, IA 50021-9764, USA; URL: www.swcs.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Land application of manure by animal feeding operations: Is more land needed AN - 39565125; 3711799 AU - Ribaudo, M Y1 - 2002/11/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39565125?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Land+application+of+manure+by+animal+feeding+operations%3A+Is+more+land+needed&rft.au=Ribaudo%2C+M&rft.aulast=Ribaudo&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-11-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Soil and Water Conservation Society, 7515 NE Ankeny Rd., Ankeny, IA 50021-9764, USA; URL: www.swcs.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Cropland value is increasingly related to factors determined outside agriculture AN - 39565090; 3711788 AU - Nehring, R Y1 - 2002/11/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39565090?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Cropland+value+is+increasingly+related+to+factors+determined+outside+agriculture&rft.au=Nehring%2C+R&rft.aulast=Nehring&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-11-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Soil and Water Conservation Society, 7515 NE Ankeny Rd., Ankeny, IA 50021-9764, USA; URL: www.swcs.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Competition for land in spread manure under changing water-quality guidelines AN - 39507888; 3711827 AU - Aillery, M Y1 - 2002/11/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39507888?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Competition+for+land+in+spread+manure+under+changing+water-quality+guidelines&rft.au=Aillery%2C+M&rft.aulast=Aillery&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-11-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Soil and Water Conservation Society, 7515 NE Ankeny Rd., Ankeny, IA 50021-9764, USA; URL: www.swcs.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - NPS pollution related in forest management activities in southern states AN - 39507307; 3711836 AU - Grace, J M Y1 - 2002/11/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39507307?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=NPS+pollution+related+in+forest+management+activities+in+southern+states&rft.au=Grace%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Grace&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-11-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Soil and Water Conservation Society, 7515 NE Ankeny Rd., Ankeny, IA 50021-9764, USA; URL: www.swcs.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effectiveness of stiff-stemmed grass hedges in reducing sediment yield from a row-cropped watershed AN - 39504061; 3711830 AU - Alberts, EE Y1 - 2002/11/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39504061?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effectiveness+of+stiff-stemmed+grass+hedges+in+reducing+sediment+yield+from+a+row-cropped+watershed&rft.au=Alberts%2C+EE&rft.aulast=Alberts&rft.aufirst=EE&rft.date=2002-11-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Soil and Water Conservation Society, 7515 NE Ankeny Rd., Ankeny, IA 50021-9764, USA; URL: www.swcs.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - CBP watershed model: Tracking NPS nutrient sources AN - 39503985; 3711797 AU - Mader, R Y1 - 2002/11/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39503985?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=CBP+watershed+model%3A+Tracking+NPS+nutrient+sources&rft.au=Mader%2C+R&rft.aulast=Mader&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-11-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Soil and Water Conservation Society, 7515 NE Ankeny Rd., Ankeny, IA 50021-9764, USA; URL: www.swcs.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Soil management in U.S. corn production--implications for the environment AN - 39503929; 3711795 AU - Christensen, L Y1 - 2002/11/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39503929?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Soil+management+in+U.S.+corn+production--implications+for+the+environment&rft.au=Christensen%2C+L&rft.aulast=Christensen&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-11-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Soil and Water Conservation Society, 7515 NE Ankeny Rd., Ankeny, IA 50021-9764, USA; URL: www.swcs.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multiresidue analysis of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in chicken tissue using liquid chromatography-fluorescence-multiple mass spectrometry. AN - 72189051; 12383483 AB - An efficient liquid chromatographic method for the multiresidue analysis of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in chicken tissue has been developed in which quantitation using fluorescence and confirmation with multiple mass spectrometry (MS(n)) was achieved simultaneously. Using this method, eight fluoroquinolones were analyzed in fortified samples of chicken liver and muscle tissue with recoveries at levels of 10-200 ng/g generally in the range of 60-93%, except for desethylene ciprofloxacin, which consistently gave recoveries >or=45%. Relative standard deviations were excellent in all cases, and the limits of detection in ng/g were determined as follows in liver and (muscle): desethylene ciprofloxacin 0.3 (0.1), norfloxacin 1.2 (0.2), ciprofloxacin 2 (1.5), danofloxacin 0.2 (0.1), enrofloxacin 0.3 (0.2), orbifloxacin 1.5 (0.5), sarafloxacin 2 (0.6), difloxacin 0.3 (0.2). Confirmation of the identities of the fluoroquinolones was achieved by monitoring the ratios of two prominent product ions in MS(2) (desethylene ciprofloxacin) or MS(3) (all others). Levels of confirmation as related to ion ratio variability criteria were established. Enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were also determined in enrofloxacin incurred chicken liver and muscle using this method. JF - Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences AU - Schneider, Marilyn J AU - Donoghue, Dan J AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA. mschneider@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2002/11/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 15 SP - 83 EP - 92 VL - 780 IS - 1 SN - 1570-0232, 1570-0232 KW - Anti-Infective Agents KW - 0 KW - Fluoroquinolones KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- analysis KW - Spectrometry, Fluorescence -- methods KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72189051?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Analytical+technologies+in+the+biomedical+and+life+sciences&rft.atitle=Multiresidue+analysis+of+fluoroquinolone+antibiotics+in+chicken+tissue+using+liquid+chromatography-fluorescence-multiple+mass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Schneider%2C+Marilyn+J%3BDonoghue%2C+Dan+J&rft.aulast=Schneider&rft.aufirst=Marilyn&rft.date=2002-11-15&rft.volume=780&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Analytical+technologies+in+the+biomedical+and+life+sciences&rft.issn=15700232&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-01 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Experimental airborne transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and Bordetella bronchiseptica AN - 18615590; 5513371 AB - Experiments were designed to determine if porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) or Bordetella bronchiseptica could be transmitted through indirect airborne contact. Three principal pigs were infected with PRRSV, B. bronchiseptica or both. Five days after the principal pigs were challenged, the three principal pigs and one direct-contact pig were placed into one isolation tent together, and three indirect-contact pigs were placed into another isolation tent which received its air supply from the first isolation tent. Airborne transmission of B. bronchiseptica occurred in 5/5 trials where B. bronchiseptica was the only agent used, and in 3/5 trials where the principal pigs were coinfected with both agents. Airborne transmission of PRRSV occurred in 4/5 trials where PRRSV was the only agent used, and in 2/5 trials where the principal pigs were coinfected with both agents. Thus, airborne transmission of both agents over short distances, such as within a barn, is probable. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Brockmeier, S L AU - Lager, K M AD - Respiratory Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, 2300 Dayton Avenue, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA, sbrockme@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/11/06/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 06 SP - 267 EP - 275 VL - 89 IS - 4 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - pigs KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - J 02862:Infection KW - V 22123:Epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18615590?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Experimental+airborne+transmission+of+porcine+reproductive+and+respiratory+syndrome+virus+and+Bordetella+bronchiseptica&rft.au=Brockmeier%2C+S+L%3BLager%2C+K+M&rft.aulast=Brockmeier&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-11-06&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=267&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Site-directed mutagenesis and functional analysis of active site acidic amino acid residues D142, D144 and E146 in Manduca sexta (tobacco hornworm) chitinase. AN - 72826929; 12530205 AB - Chitinases (EC 3.2.1.14) are glycosyl hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of beta-(1, 4)-glycosidic bonds in chitin, the major structural polysaccharide present in the cuticle and gut peritrophic matrix of insects. Two conserved regions have been identified from amino acid sequence comparisons of family 18 glycosyl hydrolases, which includes Manduca sexta (tobacco hornworm) chitinase as a member. The second of these regions in M. sexta chitinase contains three very highly conserved acidic amino acid residues, D142, D144 and E146, that are probably active site residues. In this study the functional roles of these three residues were investigated using site-directed mutagenesis for their substitutions to other amino acids. Six mutant proteins, D142E, D142N, D144E, D144N, E146D and E146Q, as well as the wild-type enzyme, were produced using a baculovirus-insect cell line expression system. The proteins were purified by anion-exchange chromatography, after which their physical, kinetic and substrate binding properties were determined. Circular dichroism spectra of the mutant proteins were similar to that of the wild-type protein, indicating that the presence of mutations did not change the overall secondary structures. E146 was required for enzymatic activity because mutants E146Q and E146D were devoid of activity. D144E retained most of the enzymatic activity, but D144N lost nearly 90%. There was a shift in the pH optimum from alkaline pH to acidic pH for mutants D142N and D144E with minimal losses of activity relative to the wild-type enzyme. The pH-activity profile for the D142E mutation resembled that of the wild-type enzyme except activity in the neutral and acidic range was lower. All of the mutant proteins bound to chitin. Therefore, none of these acidic residues was essential for substrate binding. The results indicate that E146 probably functions as an acid/base catalyst in the hydrolytic mechanism, as do homologous residues in other glycosyl hydrolases. D144 apparently functions as an electrostatic stabilizer of the positively charged transition state, whereas D142 probably influences the pKa values of D144 and E146. JF - Insect biochemistry and molecular biology AU - Lu, Yimin AU - Zen, Kuo-Chang AU - Muthukrishnan, Subbaratnam AU - Kramer, Karl J AD - Grain Marketing and Production Research Center, ARS, USDA, Manhattan, Kansas 66502, USA. Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 1369 EP - 1382 VL - 32 IS - 11 SN - 0965-1748, 0965-1748 KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Chitin KW - 1398-61-4 KW - Chitinases KW - EC 3.2.1.14 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Baculoviridae -- enzymology KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Animals KW - Chitin -- metabolism KW - Base Sequence KW - Recombinant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Kinetics KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Recombinant Proteins -- chemistry KW - Catalysis KW - Binding Sites KW - Chitinases -- chemistry KW - Chitinases -- genetics KW - Chitinases -- metabolism KW - Manduca -- enzymology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72826929?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Insect+biochemistry+and+molecular+biology&rft.atitle=Site-directed+mutagenesis+and+functional+analysis+of+active+site+acidic+amino+acid+residues+D142%2C+D144+and+E146+in+Manduca+sexta+%28tobacco+hornworm%29+chitinase.&rft.au=Lu%2C+Yimin%3BZen%2C+Kuo-Chang%3BMuthukrishnan%2C+Subbaratnam%3BKramer%2C+Karl+J&rft.aulast=Lu&rft.aufirst=Yimin&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1369&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Insect+biochemistry+and+molecular+biology&rft.issn=09651748&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-30 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sequence of a cDNA and expression of the gene encoding a putative epidermal chitin synthase of Manduca sexta. AN - 72825387; 12530217 AB - Glycosyltransferases are enzymes that synthesize oligosaccharides, polysaccharides and glycoconjugates. One type of glycosyltransferase is chitin synthase, a very important enzyme in biology, which is utilized by insects, fungi, and other invertebrates to produce chitin, a polysaccharide of beta-1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine. Chitin is an important component of the insect's exoskeletal cuticle and gut lining. To identify and characterize a chitin synthase gene of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, degenerate primers were designed from two highly conserved regions in fungal and nematode chitin synthase protein sequences and then used to amplify a similar region from Manduca cDNA. A full-length cDNA of 5152 nucleotides was assembled for the putative Manduca chitin synthase gene, MsCHS1, and sequencing of genomic DNA verified the contiguity of the sequence. The MsCHS1 cDNA has an ORF of 4692 nucleotides that encodes a transmembrane protein of 1564 amino acid residues with a mass of approximately 179 kDa (GenBank no. AY062175). It is most similar, over its entire length of protein sequence, to putative chitin synthases from other insects and nematodes, with 68% identity to enzymes from both the blow fly, Lucilia cuprina, and the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. The similarity with fungal chitin synthases is restricted to the putative catalytic domain, and the MsCHS1 protein has, at equivalent positions, several amino acids that are essential for activity as revealed by mutagenesis of the fungal enzymes. A 5.3-kb transcript of MsCHS1 was identified by northern blot hybridization of RNA from larval epidermis, suggesting that the enzyme functions to make chitin deposited in the cuticle. Further examination by RT-PCR showed that MsCHS1 expression is regulated in the epidermis, with the amount of transcript increasing during phases of cuticle deposition. JF - Insect biochemistry and molecular biology AU - Zhu, Yu-Cheng AU - Specht, Charles A AU - Dittmer, Neal T AU - Muthukrishnan, Subbaratnam AU - Kanost, Michael R AU - Kramer, Karl J AD - Grain Marketing and Production Research Center, ARS-USDA, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA. Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 1497 EP - 1506 VL - 32 IS - 11 SN - 0965-1748, 0965-1748 KW - DNA, Complementary KW - 0 KW - Chitin Synthase KW - EC 2.4.1.16 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cell Membrane -- enzymology KW - Cell Membrane -- ultrastructure KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Sequence Alignment KW - Restriction Mapping KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Epidermis -- enzymology KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Drosophila KW - Protein Conformation KW - Manduca -- genetics KW - Genes, Insect KW - Chitin Synthase -- genetics KW - Manduca -- enzymology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72825387?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Insect+biochemistry+and+molecular+biology&rft.atitle=Sequence+of+a+cDNA+and+expression+of+the+gene+encoding+a+putative+epidermal+chitin+synthase+of+Manduca+sexta.&rft.au=Zhu%2C+Yu-Cheng%3BSpecht%2C+Charles+A%3BDittmer%2C+Neal+T%3BMuthukrishnan%2C+Subbaratnam%3BKanost%2C+Michael+R%3BKramer%2C+Karl+J&rft.aulast=Zhu&rft.aufirst=Yu-Cheng&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1497&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Insect+biochemistry+and+molecular+biology&rft.issn=09651748&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-30 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2003 Feb;33(2):277 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predicting toxicity of tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi): measurement of the variation in alkaloid concentration among plants and among years. AN - 72816792; 12523572 AB - Tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi) is the principal mountain larkspur responsible for the majority of cattle deaths on mountain rangelands in western Colorado and central and southern Utah in the United States. Ten plants in each of two tall larkspur populations in the mountains near Ferron and Salina, Utah, were marked, and single stalks were harvested periodically through the growing season for 4 yr. Toxic alkaloid concentration [alkaloids containing the N-(methylsuccimimido)-anthranilik ester group] was determined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Individual larkspur plants varied in alkaloid concentrations, especially in early growth (14-38 mg/g). As the concentration declined over the growing season, variation among plants also declined. There were yearly differences in alkaloid concentration among individual plants (P < 0.01) and populations (P < 0.001), even after accounting for differences in phenological growth between years. Variables such as precipitation, temperature, days since snow melt, growing degree days (sum of mean temperature each day from snow melt), and plant height and weight were all considered in a Mallows Cp multiple regression selection procedure to predict alkaloid concentration. The mixed model procedure in SAS adjusted the regression equation for locations and years. Growing degree days was the best single predictor of alkaloid levels: In y = (3.581 - 0.00423 GDD), R2 = 0.85. Internal validation of this equation within individual years and locations from which the equation was developed, produced correlations between observed versus predicted values ranging from r = 0.73 to 0.93. External validations on nine other larkspur populations produced correlations ranging from r = 0.76 to 0.99. This predictive equation can provide a tool for ranchers and land managers to make management decisions of when to graze cattle in larkspur areas. JF - Journal of chemical ecology AU - Ralphs, M H AU - Gardner, D R AU - Turner, D L AU - Pfister, J A AU - Thacker, E AD - USDA/ARS Poisonous Plant Lab, 1150 E. 1400 North, Logan, Utah 84341, USA. mralphs@cc.usu.edu Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 2327 EP - 2341 VL - 28 IS - 11 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Alkaloids KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Seasons KW - Plant Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Cattle Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Delphinium -- toxicity KW - Alkaloids -- metabolism KW - Delphinium -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72816792?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chemical+ecology&rft.atitle=Predicting+toxicity+of+tall+larkspur+%28Delphinium+barbeyi%29%3A+measurement+of+the+variation+in+alkaloid+concentration+among+plants+and+among+years.&rft.au=Ralphs%2C+M+H%3BGardner%2C+D+R%3BTurner%2C+D+L%3BPfister%2C+J+A%3BThacker%2C+E&rft.aulast=Ralphs&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Forensic+Sciences&rft.issn=00221198&rft_id=info:doi/10.1520%2FJFS14067J LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-17 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Repellency of IR3535, KBR3023, para-menthane-3,8-diol, and deet to black salt marsh mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Everglades National Park. AN - 72794675; 12495189 AB - IR3535, KBR3023, para-Menthane-3,8-diol (PMD), and deet were evaluated in controlled studies with human subjects (n = 5) for repellency to black salt marsh mosquitoes (Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus Wiedemann), in the Everglades National Park, FL. In tests of 6-h duration, with an average mosquito biting pressure on exposed forearm skin of 19.5 (+/- 13.7) bites per minute, the mean percent repellencies (SE) for IR3535, KBR3023, PDM, and deet was 88.6 (3.2), 97.5 (1.7), 89.2 (2.9), and 94.8 (2.5), respectively. Mean complete protection times (SE) for IR3535, KBR3023, PMD), mean deet were 3.0 (1.0), 5.4 (0.6), 3.8 (1.4), and 5.6 (0.5) h, respectively. Untreated (ethanol) controls provided 0% repellency. When mosquito biting rates on the untreated forearm skin of repellent-treated subjects were compared with biting rates on the forearm skin of control subjects, the former were 23%-40% lower early in tests and as much as 22% higher late in tests. These differences cast doubt on the technical merit of test designs comprising evaluation of more than one repellent at a time on the same human subject while underscoring the importance of untreated subjects as negative controls in field repellent bioassays. JF - Journal of medical entomology AU - Barnard, Donald R AU - Bernier, Ulrich R AU - Posey, Kenneth H AU - Xue, Rui-De AD - USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA. Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 895 EP - 899 VL - 39 IS - 6 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Insect Repellents KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Piperidines KW - Propionates KW - Terpenes KW - Menthol KW - 1490-04-6 KW - ethyl-3-(N-n-butyl-N-acetyl)aminopropionate KW - 65GQA237EH KW - terpin KW - MPF495B08R KW - picaridin KW - N51GQX0837 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Activity Cycles KW - Florida KW - Terpenes -- toxicity KW - Insecticides -- toxicity KW - Propionates -- toxicity KW - Menthol -- analogs & derivatives KW - Piperidines -- toxicity KW - Insect Bites and Stings -- prevention & control KW - Menthol -- toxicity KW - Insect Repellents -- toxicity KW - Culicidae -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72794675?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.atitle=Repellency+of+IR3535%2C+KBR3023%2C+para-menthane-3%2C8-diol%2C+and+deet+to+black+salt+marsh+mosquitoes+%28Diptera%3A+Culicidae%29+in+the+Everglades+National+Park.&rft.au=Barnard%2C+Donald+R%3BBernier%2C+Ulrich+R%3BPosey%2C+Kenneth+H%3BXue%2C+Rui-De&rft.aulast=Barnard&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=258&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Offender+Therapy+and+Comparative+Criminology&rft.issn=0306624X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F0306624X9503900306 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-13 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production and feeding strategies for phosphorus management on dairy farms. AN - 72775413; 12487482 AB - Long-term accumulation of soil phosphorus (P) is becoming a concern on some watersheds heavily populated with animal feeding facilities, including dairy farms. Management changes in crop production and feeding may help reduce the accumulation of excess P, but farm profitability must be maintained or improved to assure adoption of such changes. Whole-farm simulation was used to evaluate the long-term effects of changes in feeding, cropping, and other production strategies on P loading and the economics of 100-cow and 800-cow dairy farms in southeastern New York. Simulated farms maintained a long-term P balance if the following occurred: 1) animals were fed to meet recommended minimum amounts of dietary P, 2) the cropping strategy and land base supplied all of the forage needed, 3) all animals were fed a high forage diet, and 4) replacement heifers were produced on the farm to utilize more forage. The most easily implemented change was to reduce the supplemental mineral P fed to that required to meet current NRC recommended amounts, and this provided an annual increase in farm profit of about $22/cow. Intensifying the use of grassland and improving grazing practices increased profit along with a small reduction in excess P. Conversion from dairy production to heifer raising or expansion from 100 cows to a 250-cow "state-of-the-art" confinement facility (with a 70% increase in land area) were also profitable options. These options provided a long-term P balance for the farm as long as the production and use of forage was maximized and minimum dietary P amounts were those recommended by the NRC. Thus, management changes can be made to prevent the long-term accumulation of soil P on dairy farms while improving farm profitability. JF - Journal of dairy science AU - Rotz, C A AU - Sharpley, A N AU - Satter, L D AU - Gburek, W J AU - Sanderson, M A AD - ARS-USDA, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, University Park, PA 16802, USA. alrotz@psu.edu Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 3142 EP - 3153 VL - 85 IS - 11 SN - 0022-0302, 0022-0302 KW - Manure KW - 0 KW - Phosphorus, Dietary KW - Soil KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Phosphorus KW - 27YLU75U4W KW - Index Medicus KW - Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena KW - Animals KW - Costs and Cost Analysis KW - Animal Husbandry -- methods KW - Milk -- secretion KW - Nutritional Requirements KW - Animal Feed KW - New York KW - Dietary Supplements KW - Milk -- chemistry KW - Phosphorus -- analysis KW - Female KW - Dairying -- methods KW - Dairying -- economics KW - Cattle -- metabolism KW - Soil -- analysis KW - Phosphorus, Dietary -- administration & dosage KW - Soil Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72775413?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+dairy+science&rft.atitle=Production+and+feeding+strategies+for+phosphorus+management+on+dairy+farms.&rft.au=Rotz%2C+C+A%3BSharpley%2C+A+N%3BSatter%2C+L+D%3BGburek%2C+W+J%3BSanderson%2C+M+A&rft.aulast=Rotz&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Orthomolecular+Medicine&rft.issn=08344825&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-01 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth and yield responses of snap bean to mixtures of carbon dioxide and ozone. AN - 72759361; 12469851 AB - Elevated CO2 concentrations expected in the 21st century can stimulate plant growth and yield, whereas tropospheric O3 suppresses plant growth and yield in many areas of the world. Recent experiments showed that elevated CO2 often protects plants from O3 stress, but this has not been tested for many important crop species including snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The objective of this study was to determine if elevated CO2 protects snap bean from O3 stress. An O3-tolerant cultivar (Tenderette) and an O3-sensitive selection (S156) were exposed from shortly after emergence to maturity to mixtures of CO2 and O3 in open-top field chambers. The two CO2 treatments were ambient and ambient with CO2 added for 24 h d(-1) resulting in seasonal 12 h d(-1) (0800-2000 h EST) mean concentrations of 366 and 697 microL L(-1), respectively. The two O3 treatments were charcoal-filtered air and nonfiltered air with O3 added for 12 h d(-1) to achieve seasonal 12 h d(-1) (0800-2000 h EST) mean concentrations of 23 and 72 nL L(-1), respectively. Elevated CO2 significantly stimulated growth and pod weight of Tenderette and S156, whereas elevated O3 significantly suppressed growth and pod weight of S156 but not of Tenderette. The suppressive effect of elevated O3 on pod dry weight of S156 was approximately 75% at ambient CO2 and approximately 60% at elevated CO2 (harvests combined). This amount of protection from O3 stress afforded by elevated CO2 was much less than reported for other crop species. Extreme sensitivity to O3 may be the reason elevated CO2 failed to significantly protect S156 from O3 stress. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - Heagle, A S AU - Miller, J E AU - Burkey, K O AU - Eason, G AU - Pursley, W A AD - USDA-ARS Air Quality Plant Growth and Development Research Unit, 3908 Inwood Road, Raleigh, NC 27603, USA. asheagle@unity.ncsu.edu PY - 2002 SP - 2008 EP - 2014 VL - 31 IS - 6 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Oxidants, Photochemical KW - Carbon Dioxide KW - 142M471B3J KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Oxidants, Photochemical -- adverse effects KW - Air Pollutants -- adverse effects KW - Carbon Dioxide -- pharmacology KW - Phaseolus -- growth & development KW - Ozone -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72759361?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Growth+and+yield+responses+of+snap+bean+to+mixtures+of+carbon+dioxide+and+ozone.&rft.au=Heagle%2C+A+S%3BMiller%2C+J+E%3BBurkey%2C+K+O%3BEason%2C+G%3BPursley%2C+W+A&rft.aulast=Heagle&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2008&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-10 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Volatilization and degradation of soil-applied dimethylselenide. AN - 72751819; 12469855 AB - Dimethylselenide (DMSe) is a highly volatile gas that is produced by indigenous microorganisms in seleniferous soils and sediments; however, little is known about the soil conditions that affect the persistence of DMSe and its transport to the atmosphere. In this study we investigated the effect of moisture content, temperature, and organic amendments on the degradation of soil-applied DMSe. The degradation of DMSe was entirely a result of biological mechanisms, but changes in temperature (20-40 degrees C) and soil moisture content (30-70% of the maximum water holding capacity) had little influence on the degradation rate. In contrast, amending soil with either 1% casein or gluten (by weight) had an inhibitory effect on the degradation of DMSe. After 18 d, 2.1 times more DMSe was present in the casein-amended soil and 2.6 times more DMSe was present in the gluten-amended soil. The transport of DMSe in packed soil columns was also investigated. Increasing the depth to soil surface was found to significantly decrease the amount of DMSe transported to the air. After 6 d, 57% of DMSe injected 10 cm below the soil surface was volatilized. At an injection depth of 20 cm the cumulative emissions were reduced by 38% and at 30 cm the cumulative emissions were reduced by 51%. In columns containing 1% casein or gluten in the top 5 cm of soil the cumulative loss of DMSe was about 9% higher than in unamended soil. Increasing our understanding of the soil conditions that influence the gaseous diffusion of DMSe should help in determining the feasibility of using Se volatilization as a remediation technique. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - Dungan, Robert S AU - Yates, Scott R AU - Frankenberger, William T AD - Salinity Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 450 W. Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA 92507, USA. Rdungan@ussl.ars.usda.gov PY - 2002 SP - 2045 EP - 2050 VL - 31 IS - 6 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Organic Chemicals KW - 0 KW - Organoselenium Compounds KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - dimethylselenide KW - YK0R6JKT6H KW - Index Medicus KW - Temperature KW - Volatilization KW - Diffusion KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Soil Pollutants -- metabolism KW - Organoselenium Compounds -- metabolism KW - Organoselenium Compounds -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72751819?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Volatilization+and+degradation+of+soil-applied+dimethylselenide.&rft.au=Dungan%2C+Robert+S%3BYates%2C+Scott+R%3BFrankenberger%2C+William+T&rft.aulast=Dungan&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2045&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-10 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antioxidant power, lipid oxidation, color, and viability of Listeria monocytogenes in beef bologna treated with gamma radiation and containing various levels of glucose. AN - 72693303; 12430697 AB - Ionizing radiation can be used to pasteurize ready-to-eat (RTE) meat products. Thermal processing of RTE meats that contain dextrose results in the production of antioxidants that may interfere with ionizing radiation pasteurization of RTE meat products. Beef bologna was manufactured with dextrose concentrations of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8%. Antioxidant activity, as measured by the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power assay, increased with dextrose concentration but was unaffected by ionizing radiation. Lipid oxidation increased significantly in irradiated bologna (4 kGy) that contained dextrose. Hunter color analysis indicated that the addition of dextrose reduced the ionizing radiation-induced loss of redness (a-value) but promoted the loss of brightness (L-value). The radiation resistance, D10-value, of Listeria monocytogenes that was surface-inoculated onto bologna slices was not affected by dextrose concentration. L. monocytogenes strains isolated from RTE meats after listeriosis outbreaks were utilized. Increased antioxidant activity generated by thermal processing of dextrose in fine emulsion sausages does not present a barrier to radiation pasteurization of RTE meats. However, a high dextrose concentration in combination with gamma irradiation increases lipid oxidation significantly. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Sommers, Christopher H AU - Fan, Xuetong AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, NAA, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. csommers@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 1750 EP - 1755 VL - 65 IS - 11 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Glucose KW - IY9XDZ35W2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Food Microbiology KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Gamma Rays KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Color KW - Meat Products -- standards KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- metabolism KW - Meat Products -- microbiology KW - Glucose -- metabolism KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- radiation effects KW - Food Preservation -- methods KW - Lipid Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72693303?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Antioxidant+power%2C+lipid+oxidation%2C+color%2C+and+viability+of+Listeria+monocytogenes+in+beef+bologna+treated+with+gamma+radiation+and+containing+various+levels+of+glucose.&rft.au=Sommers%2C+Christopher+H%3BFan%2C+Xuetong&rft.aulast=Sommers&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1750&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-21 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparisons of PBDE composition and concentration in fish collected from the Detroit River, MI and Des Plaines River, IL. AN - 72681278; 12431009 AB - Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were identified in fish collected from the Detroit River, MI and Des Plaines Rivers, IL. In the Detroit River fish, carp and large mouth bass, the congener patterns were dominated by the 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromo (BDE-47) congener, however, in Des Plaines River carp the dominant isomers were the heptabromo congeners BDE-181 and BDE-183 and lesser amounts of another heptabromo congener, BDE-190, and two hexabromo congeners, BDE-154 and BDE-153. Three possible sources exist for these less-commonly identified PBDE congeners: (a) waste discharge from manufacturing or discarded products near the river, (b) public owned treatment work (POTW) effluents which constitute more than 75% of the flow in the Des Plaines River, (c) or formation of these congeners by debromination of in-place deposits of decabromodiphenyl ether. Average concentration totals (sum of concentrations for seven of the dominant PBDE congeners) were similar on a wet weight bases for the carp (5.39 ng/g wet weight) and large mouth bass (5.25 ng/g) in the Detroit River samples; however, the bass were significantly higher, p = 0.01, when compared on a lipid basis (bass--163 ng/g vs. carp--40.5 ng/g lipid weight). Some of the PBDE congeners were positively correlated with increasing lipid levels in both fish species. Average total PBDE concentrations in the carp from the Des Plaines River (12.48 ng/g wet weight) were significantly higher, p = 0.01, than in carp from the Detroit River. The residues were isolated using standard organochlorine methods for fish and analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry-negative chemical ionization methods. JF - Chemosphere AU - Rice, C P AU - Chernyak, S M AU - Begnoche, L AU - Quintal, R AU - Hickey, J AD - US Department of Agriculture, ARS-Beltsville, Environmental Quality Laboratory, MD 20705, USA. ricec@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 731 EP - 737 VL - 49 IS - 7 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Ethers KW - 0 KW - Polybrominated Biphenyls KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Illinois KW - Michigan KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Fresh Water -- chemistry KW - Polybrominated Biphenyls -- analysis KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- analysis KW - Polybrominated Biphenyls -- pharmacokinetics KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- pharmacokinetics KW - Fishes -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72681278?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Comparisons+of+PBDE+composition+and+concentration+in+fish+collected+from+the+Detroit+River%2C+MI+and+Des+Plaines+River%2C+IL.&rft.au=Rice%2C+C+P%3BChernyak%2C+S+M%3BBegnoche%2C+L%3BQuintal%2C+R%3BHickey%2C+J&rft.aulast=Rice&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=731&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-31 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Functional analysis of regulatory elements in the gene promoter for an abscission-specific cellulase from bean and isolation, expression, and binding affinity of three TGA-type basic leucine zipper transcription factors. AN - 72664905; 12428013 AB - Site-directed mutagenesis was used to identify cis-acting elements that control hormonal and abscission-specific expression of the bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) abscission cellulase (BAC) promoter. Auxin inhibition of BAC promoter expression is at least in part controlled by a negatively regulated element and ethylene induction by a positively regulated element. One of a series of 15 different 10-bp mutations created in a 2.9-kb BAC promoter reduced reporter gene expression by 60%. The native sequence for this 10-bp mutation includes a TGA-type basic leucine zipper (bZIP) motif. Tandem ligation of three 18-bp BAC elements (Z-BAC), which includes the bZIP motif to a minimal -50 35S cauliflower mosaic virus promoter, enhanced expression in abscission zones (AZs) 13-fold over that of the minimal promoter alone. The native forward orientation of the Z-BAC elements was essential for high expression levels. Expression of the Z-BAC minimal construct was 3-fold greater in AZ than stems when compared with the expression levels of an internal control with an enhanced 35S cauliflower mosaic virus promoter. Polymerase chain reaction was used to identify three TGA-type bZIP transcription factors in an AZ cDNA library. One of these factors was of the class I type and two of the class II type. RNA-blot analysis was completed for these genes and electrophoretic mobility shift assays used to confirm their binding to the Z-BAC element. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay-binding affinity was greatest for the class I TGA-type bZIP factor. The results indicate a complex interaction of negative and positive regulating transcription factors that control BAC gene expression. JF - Plant physiology AU - Tucker, Mark L AU - Whitelaw, Catherine A AU - Lyssenko, Nicholas N AU - Nath, Pravendra AD - Soybean Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Building 006, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center-West, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA. tuckerm@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 1487 EP - 1496 VL - 130 IS - 3 SN - 0032-0889, 0032-0889 KW - DNA, Complementary KW - 0 KW - Ethylenes KW - Soybean Proteins KW - Transcription Factors KW - ethylene KW - 91GW059KN7 KW - Cellulase KW - EC 3.2.1.4 KW - SAC protein, Glycine max KW - Index Medicus KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Base Sequence KW - DNA, Complementary -- genetics KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Plant -- drug effects KW - Binding, Competitive KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - DNA, Complementary -- chemistry KW - DNA, Complementary -- isolation & purification KW - Binding Sites -- genetics KW - Protein Binding KW - Ethylenes -- pharmacology KW - Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid -- genetics KW - Leucine Zippers -- genetics KW - Transcription Factors -- metabolism KW - Cellulase -- metabolism KW - Phaseolus -- genetics KW - Soybean Proteins -- metabolism KW - Promoter Regions, Genetic -- genetics KW - Cellulase -- genetics KW - Transcription Factors -- genetics KW - Phaseolus -- drug effects KW - Soybean Proteins -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72664905?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+physiology&rft.atitle=Functional+analysis+of+regulatory+elements+in+the+gene+promoter+for+an+abscission-specific+cellulase+from+bean+and+isolation%2C+expression%2C+and+binding+affinity+of+three+TGA-type+basic+leucine+zipper+transcription+factors.&rft.au=Tucker%2C+Mark+L%3BWhitelaw%2C+Catherine+A%3BLyssenko%2C+Nicholas+N%3BNath%2C+Pravendra&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=130&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1487&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+physiology&rft.issn=00320889&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-20 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AF402607; GENBANK; AF402608; AF402609 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2000 Feb;13(2):191-202 [10659709] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 May 25;96(11):6523-8 [10339621] Plant Mol Biol. 2000 Mar;42(5):775-88 [10809449] J Biol Chem. 2000 Jun 30;275(26):19897-905 [10751419] Plant Physiol. 2001 Jun;126(2):494-500 [11402180] EMBO J. 1987 Dec 20;6(13):3901-7 [3327686] Nature. 1989 Aug 31;340(6236):727-30 [2528073] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Oct;86(20):7890-4 [2813365] Plant Cell. 1992 Oct;4(10):1309-19 [1446171] J Mol Biol. 1993 Apr 20;230(4):1131-44 [8487298] Plant J. 1993 Oct;4(4):711-6 [8252072] Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 1995;197:77-89 [7493498] Plant Mol Biol. 1996 Jun;31(3):595-606 [8790292] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 May 27;94(11):5961-6 [9159183] J Biol Chem. 1998 Oct 9;273(41):26631-7 [9756903] Plant Cell. 2000 Feb;12(2):279-90 [10662863] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - FUM1--a gene required for fumonisin biosynthesis but not for maize ear rot and ear infection by Gibberella moniliformis in field tests. AN - 72661842; 12423021 AB - We have analyzed the role of fumonisins in infection of maize (Zea mays) by Gibberella moniliformis (anamorph Fusarium verticillioides) in field tests in Illinois and Iowa, United States. Fumonisin-nonproducing mutants were obtained by disrupting FUM1 (previously FUM5), the gene encoding a polyketide synthase required for fumonisin biosynthesis. Maize ear rot, ear infection, and fumonisin contamination were assessed by silk-channel injection in 1999 and 2000 and also by spray application onto maize silks, injection into maize stalks, and application with maize seeds at planting in 1999. Ear rot was evaluated by visual assessment of whole ears and by calculating percentage of symptomatic kernels by weight. Fumonisin levels in kernels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The presence of applied strains in kernels was determined by analysis of recovered isolates for genetic markers and fumonisin production. Two independent fumonisin-nonproducing (fum1-3 and fum1-4) mutants were similar to their respective fumonisin-producing (FUM1-1) progenitor strains in ability to cause ear rot following silk-channel injection and also were similar in ability to infect maize ears following application by all four methods tested. This evidence confirms that fumonisins are not required for G. moniliformis to cause maize ear rot and ear infection. JF - Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI AU - Desjardins, A E AU - Munkvold, G P AU - Plattner, R D AU - Proctor, R H AD - National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. desjarae@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 1157 EP - 1164 VL - 15 IS - 11 SN - 0894-0282, 0894-0282 KW - Fumonisins KW - 0 KW - Multienzyme Complexes KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B2 KW - 116355-84-1 KW - fumonisin B3 KW - 136379-59-4 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Plant Diseases -- microbiology KW - Mutation KW - Multienzyme Complexes -- metabolism KW - Zea mays -- microbiology KW - Mycotoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Gibberella -- metabolism KW - Gibberella -- growth & development KW - Gibberella -- genetics KW - Fumonisins -- metabolism KW - Multienzyme Complexes -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72661842?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+plant-microbe+interactions+%3A+MPMI&rft.atitle=FUM1--a+gene+required+for+fumonisin+biosynthesis+but+not+for+maize+ear+rot+and+ear+infection+by+Gibberella+moniliformis+in+field+tests.&rft.au=Desjardins%2C+A+E%3BMunkvold%2C+G+P%3BPlattner%2C+R+D%3BProctor%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Desjardins&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+plant-microbe+interactions+%3A+MPMI&rft.issn=08940282&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-27 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Setting priorities for research on pollution reduction functions of agricultural buffers. AN - 72157588; 12375085 AB - The success of buffer installation initiatives and programs to reduce nonpoint source pollution of streams on agricultural lands will depend the ability of local planners to locate and design buffers for specific circumstances with substantial and predictable results. Current predictive capabilities are inadequate, and major sources of uncertainty remain. An assessment of these uncertainties cautions that there is greater risk of overestimating buffer impact than underestimating it. Priorities for future research are proposed that will lead more quickly to major advances in predictive capabilities. Highest priority is given for work on the surface runoff filtration function, which is almost universally important to the amount of pollution reduction expected from buffer installation and for which there remain major sources of uncertainty for predicting level of impact. Foremost uncertainties surround the extent and consequences of runoff flow concentration and pollutant accumulation. Other buffer functions, including filtration of groundwater nitrate and stabilization of channel erosion sources of sediments, may be important in some regions. However, uncertainty surrounds our ability to identify and quantify the extent of site conditions where buffer installation can substantially reduce stream pollution in these ways. Deficiencies in predictive models reflect gaps in experimental information as well as technology to account for spatial heterogeneity of pollutant sources, pathways, and buffer capabilities across watersheds. Since completion of a comprehensive watershed-scale buffer model is probably far off, immediate needs call for simpler techniques to gage the probable impacts of buffer installation at local scales. JF - Environmental management AU - Dosskey, Michael G AD - United States Department of Agriculture, National Agroforestry Center, East Campus-University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0822, USA. mdosskey@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 641 EP - 650 VL - 30 IS - 5 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Water Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Ecosystem KW - Filtration KW - Trees KW - Risk Assessment KW - Research Support as Topic KW - Agriculture KW - Water Supply KW - Water Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Conservation of Natural Resources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72157588?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+management&rft.atitle=Setting+priorities+for+research+on+pollution+reduction+functions+of+agricultural+buffers.&rft.au=Dosskey%2C+Michael+G&rft.aulast=Dosskey&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=641&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-24 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sensitivity of soil carbon stock estimates to soil spatial patterns AN - 51693771; 2005-054652 JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Bliss, Norman B AU - Waltman, Sharon W AU - Ping, Chien-Lu AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 1 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 83 IS - 47, Suppl. SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - United States KW - soils KW - spatial distribution KW - soil profiles KW - North Slope KW - carbon KW - Northern Alaska KW - Alaska KW - organic carbon KW - pedons KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51693771?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=Sensitivity+of+soil+carbon+stock+estimates+to+soil+spatial+patterns&rft.au=Bliss%2C+Norman+B%3BWaltman%2C+Sharon+W%3BPing%2C+Chien-Lu%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Bliss&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=47%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=F206&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2002 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alaska; carbon; North Slope; Northern Alaska; organic carbon; pedons; soil profiles; soils; spatial distribution; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of woody debris in boreal forest carbon sequestration AN - 51692956; 2005-054649 JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Manies, Kristen L AU - O'Neill, Katherine P AU - Harden, Jennifer W AU - Bond-Lamberty, Ben AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 1 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 83 IS - 47, Suppl. SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - United States KW - forests KW - terrestrial environment KW - wood KW - sequestration KW - effects KW - Manitoba KW - geochemical cycle KW - boreal environment KW - fires KW - debris KW - Canada KW - mass balance KW - carbon KW - Western Canada KW - ecology KW - Alaska KW - carbon cycle KW - storage KW - field studies KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51692956?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=The+role+of+woody+debris+in+boreal+forest+carbon+sequestration&rft.au=Manies%2C+Kristen+L%3BO%27Neill%2C+Katherine+P%3BHarden%2C+Jennifer+W%3BBond-Lamberty%2C+Ben%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Manies&rft.aufirst=Kristen&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=47%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=F205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2002 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alaska; boreal environment; Canada; carbon; carbon cycle; debris; ecology; effects; field studies; fires; forests; geochemical cycle; Manitoba; mass balance; sequestration; storage; terrestrial environment; United States; Western Canada; wood ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sediment transport-storage relations for degrading, gravel bed channels AN - 20981824; 5581865 AB - In a drainage network, sediment is transferred through a series of channel/valley segments (natural sediment storage reservoirs) that are distinguished from their neighbors by their particular capacity to store and transport sediment. We propose that the sediment transport capacity of each reservoir is a unique positive function of storage volume, which influences sediment mobility and availability through variations in bed surface texture, channel gradient, and availability of valley floor sediments for erosion. Examinations of the form of transport-storage relations of degrading alluvial reservoirs using published field studies, flume experiments, and simulations support a conceptual model that includes two phases. In phase I, filled channels respond to variations in supply primarily by changes in stored sediment volume, with little change in transport rate. In phase II, channel mobility is responsive to supply through armoring and form roughness. Although these phases could represent idealized transport-limited (phase 1) or supply-limited (phase II) states, we propose that every alluvial reservoir responds to changes in sediment inputs by changing both storage and transport rate, the propensity for either depending on reservoir characteristics and the sediment exchange processes in the channel. Transport-storage relations for phase II are approximately linear, but examination of numerical simulations and flume experiments indicates that armoring imparts positive curvature. Simulations of degradation of an alluvial reservoir with channel and valley floor surfaces indicate that interactions between channel lowering and lateral erosion are critical in the manifestation of a transport-storage relation. Better knowledge of transport-storage relations could lead to improved sediment-routing models for drainage basins wherein component sediment reservoirs dynamically adjust to varying sediment loads. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Lisle, TE AU - Church, M AD - Pacific Southwest Research Station, Redwood Sciences Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, 1700 Bayview Drive, Arcata, CA 95521, USA, tel7001@humboldt.edu Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 VL - 38 IS - 11 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Water reservoirs KW - Degradation KW - Water resources KW - Freshwater KW - Alluvial Channels KW - Decomposition KW - Volume transport KW - Channel Storage KW - Flumes KW - Catchment areas KW - Sediment transport KW - Sediment-carrying Capacity KW - Channel Morphology KW - Sediment Transport KW - Gravel KW - Catchment Areas KW - River basins KW - Model Studies KW - Erosion KW - Transport KW - Channels (see also Streams) KW - Sediment samples KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q2 09264:Sediments and sedimentation KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20981824?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Sediment+transport-storage+relations+for+degrading%2C+gravel+bed+channels&rft.au=Lisle%2C+TE%3BChurch%2C+M&rft.aulast=Lisle&rft.aufirst=TE&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2001WR001086 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Erosion; Gravel; Water reservoirs; Flumes; Water resources; River basins; Sediment transport; Volume transport; Sediment samples; Catchment areas; Transport; Decomposition; Channels (see also Streams); Sediment Transport; Channel Storage; Degradation; Catchment Areas; Channel Morphology; Alluvial Channels; Sediment-carrying Capacity; Model Studies; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001WR001086 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biotransfer Possibilities of Selenium from Plants Used in Phytoremediation AN - 20981120; 5649013 AB - We are investigating the biotransfer of accumulated Se by the plant in several phytoremediation systems. In study I, we evaluated the biotransfer of Se from Indian mustard, a Brassica species, to the insect-cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni); mortality, deterrence, and biomagnification of Se were examined. We determined that feeding behavior of food chain consumers was affected not only by the plant concentration of Se, but also by the mobility of the insects and choice of feed available. In study II, we examined the survival and development of beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) fed Se-enriched plant tissues from different lines of saltbush (Atriplexspp.) After feeding on lines of saltbush that produced high biomass and accumulated high concentrations of Se, insect growth and survival was reduced. In studies III, IV, and V, lambs, dairy cows, and rabbits were fed Se-enriched Brassica and Medicago (alfalfa) plants as part of their feed ration. None of the tested animals exhibited any Se toxicity symptoms, but they had increased levels of Se in most tissues sampled (e.g., organs, blood, urine, feces), excluding milk. In study VI, we evaluated biotransfer of Se from broccoli to rats to determine efficacy of Se for reducing colon cancer. We found that Se-enriched plant material was more effective than inorganic sources of Se for preventing precancerous colon lesions. Results from all studies clearly show that Se absorbed by plants can be transferred biologically in an intentional or unintentional manner to insects and animals. JF - International Journal of Phytoremediation AU - Baunelos, G S AU - Vickerman, D B AU - Trumble, J T AU - Shannon, M C AU - Davis, C D AU - Finley, J W AU - Mayland, H F AD - USDA-ARS, Water Management Research Laboratory, 9611 S. Riverbend, Parlier, CA 93648, USA Y1 - 2002/11/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 01 SP - 315 EP - 329 PB - CRC Press LLC, 2000 Corporate Blvd., NW Boca Raton FL 33431 USA, [mailto:journals@crcpress.com], [URL:http://www.crcpress.com] VL - 4 IS - 4 SN - 1522-6514, 1522-6514 KW - Cabbage looper KW - Insects KW - Lepidoptera KW - Noctuid moths KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Food chains KW - Spodoptera KW - Mobility KW - Survival KW - Development KW - Selenium KW - Phytoremediation KW - Consumers KW - Noctuidae KW - phytoremediation KW - Feeding behavior KW - Feces KW - Atriplex KW - Insecta KW - Mortality KW - Trichoplusia ni KW - Milk KW - Toxicity KW - Colon cancer KW - Food plants KW - Biomass KW - Brassica KW - Blood KW - Dairies KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Urine KW - Spodoptera exigua KW - Plant extracts KW - Medicago KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - W 30950:Waste Treatment & Pollution Clean-up KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20981120?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Phytoremediation&rft.atitle=Biotransfer+Possibilities+of+Selenium+from+Plants+Used+in+Phytoremediation&rft.au=Baunelos%2C+G+S%3BVickerman%2C+D+B%3BTrumble%2C+J+T%3BShannon%2C+M+C%3BDavis%2C+C+D%3BFinley%2C+J+W%3BMayland%2C+H+F&rft.aulast=Baunelos&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=315&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Phytoremediation&rft.issn=15226514&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mortality; Milk; Food chains; Mobility; Survival; Colon cancer; Development; Toxicity; Biomass; Food plants; Selenium; Blood; Dairies; Urine; Consumers; Plant extracts; Feces; Feeding behavior; phytoremediation; Bioaccumulation; Phytoremediation; Trichoplusia ni; Spodoptera; Spodoptera exigua; Noctuidae; Brassica; Atriplex; Medicago; Insecta ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Southern Forest Resource Assessment Highlights: Waters and Wetlands AN - 20709847; 5560606 AB - Public interest in the wetlands and waters of the South is high and likely to intensify as multiple demands on these resources inevitably increase. Indications are that widespread concerns about water quality will be joined by concerns for water quantity as the region's population and economy grow. The largely private forests of the South will likely be expected to satisfy even more public demand for wood products, recreational experiences, and ecological stability while generating clean water. The forestry community's response to these challenges will not only influence the quality of southern waters and wetlands, but will also likely dictate the operational flexibility that society permits forest managers in the future. JF - Journal of Forestry AU - Greis, J G AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Region, jgreis@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 42 EP - 45 VL - 100 IS - 7 SN - 0022-1201, 0022-1201 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - water quality KW - Water Demand KW - Water Supply KW - Water Quality KW - Wood KW - Resources Management KW - forest resources KW - Natural Resources KW - Recreation areas KW - Economics KW - Wetlands KW - Permits KW - Public concern KW - Forestry KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20709847?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Forestry&rft.atitle=Southern+Forest+Resource+Assessment+Highlights%3A+Waters+and+Wetlands&rft.au=Greis%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Greis&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=42&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Forestry&rft.issn=00221201&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - water quality; forest resources; Recreation areas; Economics; Wood; Wetlands; Public concern; Forestry; Natural Resources; Water Demand; Water Quality; Water Supply; Permits; Resources Management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Southern Forest Resource Assessment Highlights: Changing Demographics, Values, and Attitudes AN - 20157943; 5560604 AB - The South's forests are both important to and at the same time in the path of the region's growth. Research on social change for the Southern Forest Resource Assessment shows that rapid population growth and changing demographics are fueling growth of recreation demands and adding stresses on public and private forests. Concurrent with population and demand growth have been significant value and attitudinal changes among both land-owning and non-owning residents of the region. Southerners are clearly becoming greener. An opportunity to mitigate stresses on southern forests may lie in tapping Southerners' growing environmentalism to form effective cooperatives involving public and private interests and forestry professionals. JF - Journal of Forestry AU - Cordell, H K AU - Tarrant, MA AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Athens, GA, USA, kcordell@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 28 EP - 33 VL - 100 IS - 7 SN - 0022-1201, 0022-1201 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - demography KW - forest resources KW - population growth KW - Stress KW - social change KW - environmentalism KW - cooperatives KW - attitudes KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20157943?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Forestry&rft.atitle=Southern+Forest+Resource+Assessment+Highlights%3A+Changing+Demographics%2C+Values%2C+and+Attitudes&rft.au=Cordell%2C+H+K%3BTarrant%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Cordell&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=28&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Forestry&rft.issn=00221201&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - demography; forest resources; population growth; Stress; environmentalism; social change; cooperatives; attitudes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Facilitating Sediment Budget Construction for Land Management Applications AN - 20121779; 5574884 AB - Sediment budgets describe the production, transport, deposition and export of sediment in a catchment, and thus provide information useful for planning soil conservation, restoration and monitoring programmes and for evaluating existing and future environmental impacts. Five examples from New Zealand illustrate a variety of sediment budgeting approaches and their use in achieving goals relevant to land-use planning and management. Appropriate sediment budgeting strategies can be selected for a particular application only through careful consideration of the kinds of decisions that will follow from budgeting results. Sediment budget projects can be designed to incorporate the close co-operation between technical experts and clients that results in the most useful sediment budgets. JF - Journal of Environmental Planning and Management AU - Reid, L M AU - Trustrum, NA AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Redwood Sciences Laboratory, 1700 Bayview Drive, Arcata, CA 95512, USA, lmr7001@axe.humboldt.edu Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 865 EP - 887 VL - 45 IS - 6 SN - 0964-0568, 0964-0568 KW - New Zealand KW - sediment budgets KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Land Use KW - Sediment Transport KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Development projects KW - Land Management KW - Government programs KW - Case Studies KW - Environmental impact KW - Sustainable development KW - Decision Making KW - Land use KW - Sediment Yield KW - Planning KW - Catchments KW - Soil conservation KW - Environmental restoration KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20121779?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Planning+and+Management&rft.atitle=Facilitating+Sediment+Budget+Construction+for+Land+Management+Applications&rft.au=Reid%2C+L+M%3BTrustrum%2C+NA&rft.aulast=Reid&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=865&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Planning+and+Management&rft.issn=09640568&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F0964056022000024389 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental monitoring; Development projects; Government programs; Environmental impact; Catchments; Environmental restoration; Soil conservation; Sustainable development; Land use; Sediment Transport; Land Use; Sediment Yield; Land Management; Case Studies; Planning; Decision Making DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0964056022000024389 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Southern Forest Resource Assessment Highlights: Terrestrial Ecosystems and Wildlife Conservation AN - 19925883; 5560605 AB - Southern population and economic growth are putting pressure on wildlife species and the communities that support them. Loss of habitat is the primary reason why 132 southern terrestrial vertebrate species are of conservation concern, but other factors include environmental contaminants, exploitation, development, stream modification, and wetland degradation. A high proportion of rare forest communities are imperiled to some degree; 14 have estimated losses of 98 percent since European settlement. In the midst of continued regional growth, biological diversity will become a critical conservation issue. Each southern landowner has an important role in the conservation of species and their habitats. JF - Journal of Forestry AU - Trani, M K AD - USDA Forest Service, mgriep@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 35 EP - 40 VL - 100 IS - 7 SN - 0022-1201, 0022-1201 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Human Population KW - Environmental degradation KW - Economics KW - Wildlife KW - Conservation KW - Biodiversity KW - Wetlands KW - Resource exploitation KW - M1 320:Environmental & Natural Resource Development KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19925883?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Forestry&rft.atitle=Southern+Forest+Resource+Assessment+Highlights%3A+Terrestrial+Ecosystems+and+Wildlife+Conservation&rft.au=Trani%2C+M+K&rft.aulast=Trani&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Forestry&rft.issn=00221201&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental degradation; Wildlife; Economics; Biodiversity; Conservation; Wetlands; Resource exploitation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of adverse soil conditions on the formation and function of Arbuscular mycorrhizas AN - 19767141; 5568120 AB - The majority of plants have mycorrhizal fungi associated with them. Mycorrhizal fungi are ecologically significant because they form relationships in and on the roots of a host plant in a symbiotic association. The host plant provides the fungus with soluble carbon sources, and the fungus provides the host plant with an increased capacity to absorb water and nutrients from the soil. Adverse conditions are a pervasive feature in both natural and agronomic soils. The soil environment is constantly changing with regard to moisture, temperature and nutrient availability. In addition, soil properties are often manipulated to improve crop yields. In many cases, soils may be contaminated through disposal of chemicals that are toxic to plants and microorganisms. The formation and function of mycorrhizal relationships are affected by edaphic conditions such as soil composition, moisture, temperature, pH, cation exchange capacity, and also by anthropogenic stressors including soil compaction, metals and pesticides. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are of interest for their reported roles in alleviation of diverse soil-associated plant stressors, including those induced by metals and polychlorinated aliphatic and phenolic pollutants. Much mycorrhizal research has investigated the impact of extremes in water, temperature, pH and inorganic nutrient availability on mycorrhizal formation and nutrient acquisition. Evaluation of the efficacy of plant-mycorrhizal associations to remediate soils contaminated with toxic materials deserves increased attention. Before the full potential benefits of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to reclaim contaminated soils can be realized, research advances are needed to improve our understanding of the physiology of mycorrhizae subjected to adverse physical and chemical conditions. This paper will review literature and discuss the implications of soil contamination on formation and function of arbuscular mycorrhizal associations. JF - Advances in Environmental Research AU - Entry, JA AU - Rygiewicz, P T AU - Watrud, L S AU - Donnelly, P K AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, 3793 North 3600, East Kimberly, ID 83343, USA Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 123 EP - 138 VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 1093-0191, 1093-0191 KW - mycorrhizas KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Pollution Abstracts KW - Arbuscular mycorrhizas KW - Fungi KW - Soil KW - Stress KW - Soil remediation KW - Contamination KW - Physiology KW - Roots KW - Soil temperature KW - Nutrients KW - Carbon sources KW - Crops KW - Pollutants KW - Soil properties KW - phenolic compounds KW - pH effects KW - pH KW - Temperature effects KW - Metals KW - Nutrient availability KW - Temperature KW - Soil compaction KW - Soil contamination KW - Water temperature KW - Host plants KW - Phenols KW - Soil pollution KW - Cations KW - Pesticides KW - arbuscular mycorrhizas KW - Microorganisms KW - Plants KW - A 01047:General KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - K 03320:Cell Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19767141?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+Environmental+Research&rft.atitle=Influence+of+adverse+soil+conditions+on+the+formation+and+function+of+Arbuscular+mycorrhizas&rft.au=Entry%2C+JA%3BRygiewicz%2C+P+T%3BWatrud%2C+L+S%3BDonnelly%2C+P+K&rft.aulast=Entry&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+Environmental+Research&rft.issn=10930191&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1093-0191%2801%2900109-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Contamination; Physiology; Soil temperature; Roots; Nutrients; Carbon sources; Crops; Pollutants; Soil properties; phenolic compounds; pH effects; Temperature effects; Metals; Fungi; Nutrient availability; Soil compaction; Water temperature; Host plants; Phenols; Soil pollution; Cations; arbuscular mycorrhizas; Pesticides; Plants; Microorganisms; Soil remediation; Temperature; Soil contamination; pH; Arbuscular mycorrhizas DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1093-0191(01)00109-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of values and objectives in communicating indicators of sustainability AN - 19395106; 5533490 AB - Indicators can help package complex information into a usable form for public policy. We can think of no greater need for such clarity than the case of sustainability. The sustainability paradigm is applicable to the complex, urgent and interconnected problems we now face because of several characteristics. It is: (1) comprehensive and inclusive, (2) simple in concept and flexible, (3) value-based, and (4) an approach that necessitates consistency across policy areas. Indicators are needed to determine progress toward sustainability goals. In this paper, we argue that indicators of sustainability will only be effective if they support social learning by providing users with information they need in a form they can understand and relate to. These concepts also apply in other situations where policy makers must evaluate complex systems. We introduce a hierarchical control model, which is then used to demonstrate the path from values to objectives to actions and impacts, demonstrating the direct linkage from objectives to measures of the degree to which objectives have been reached. The model is extended first to sustainability goals and then to sustainability policies. We discuss the conceptual consistencies among the hierarchical model, sustainability theory and public policy processes. Using the concept of targeted indicators, we argue that science is effective when it is presented in a manner that is meaningful to the audience, and also represented in the context of their values and objectives. We conclude that the overlaps among policy, science and the publics' values and objectives cannot be ignored. Policy, and particularly sustainability policy, is value driven. However, for the contextual application of those values to be realistic, society must understand the status and functioning of social, economic and environmental systems and be aware of the consequences of their choices. Policy makers will be more likely to create attainable policy goals if they understand the importance of interactions between the environment and society and the implications of choosing one objective over another. Achievement of the public's objectives as embodied in policies can be facilitated through the use of indicators that have been derived from participatory processes, indicators that are chosen because they are meaningful to the public and reflect an understanding of their values and objectives. JF - Ecological Indicators AU - Shields, D J AU - Solar, S V AU - Martin, W E AD - USDA Forest Service--Research and Development, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2150A Center Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 149 EP - 160 VL - 2 IS - 1-2 SN - 1470-160X, 1470-160X KW - objectives KW - values KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Sustainable yield KW - Socio-economic aspects KW - Planning KW - Communication KW - Sustainable development KW - Government policy KW - D 04890:Planning/development KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19395106?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Indicators&rft.atitle=The+role+of+values+and+objectives+in+communicating+indicators+of+sustainability&rft.au=Shields%2C+D+J%3BSolar%2C+S+V%3BMartin%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Shields&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Indicators&rft.issn=1470160X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1470-160X%2802%2900042-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sustainable yield; Socio-economic aspects; Planning; Communication; Government policy; Sustainable development DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1470-160X(02)00042-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sensorial and Chemical Quality of Gamma-Irradiated Fresh-Cut Iceberg Lettuce in Modified Atmosphere Packages AN - 18941207; 5728788 AB - A study was conducted to investigate the effects of various doses of irradiation on the quality of fresh-cut iceberg lettuce and to determine a suitable maximum dose. Fresh-cut iceberg lettuce packaged in film bags was exposed to 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 kGy of gamma radiation and stored at 3 degree C for 14 days. CO sub(2) levels were higher and O sub(2) levels were lower in packages containing irradiated lettuce than in those containing nonirradiated lettuce for most of the storage period. Comparison with nonirradiated lettuce indicated that total ascorbic acid (ascorbic acid plus dehydroascorbic acid) content and firmness were not significantly influenced by irradiation at 1 or 2 kGy. The overall visual appearance was best for lettuce irradiated at 1 or 2 kGy. This improved quality may be related to the high CO sub(2) and low O sub(2) levels observed for the irradiated samples. Electrolyte leakage for lettuce increased with higher radiation doses and was correlated (R super(2) = 0.99) with a soggy appearance. The leakage for lettuce irradiated at greater than or equal to 2 kGy was significantly more extensive than that for nonirradiated lettuce. The irradiation of fresh-cut lettuce in modified atmosphere packages at doses of 1 kGy and perhaps 2 kGy for safety enhancement and quality improvement is feasible. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Fan, Xuetong AU - Sokorai, KJB AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 1760 EP - 1765 VL - 65 IS - 11 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Lettuce KW - ascorbic acid KW - electrolytes KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - ^g Radiation KW - Gamma radiation KW - Food contamination KW - Ascorbic acid KW - Oxygen KW - Lactuca sativa KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Food irradiation KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18941207?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Sensorial+and+Chemical+Quality+of+Gamma-Irradiated+Fresh-Cut+Iceberg+Lettuce+in+Modified+Atmosphere+Packages&rft.au=Fan%2C+Xuetong%3BSokorai%2C+KJB&rft.aulast=Fan&rft.aufirst=Xuetong&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1760&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lactuca sativa; Oxygen; Carbon dioxide; Food contamination; Gamma radiation; Food irradiation; Ascorbic acid; ^g Radiation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil properties and microbial activity across a 500 m elevation gradient in a semi-arid environment AN - 18752760; 5630395 AB - If climate change causes the semi-arid shrub-steppe to become hotter and drier it may affect soil C and N cycling and precipitate changes in soil processes and microbial and plant community structure. This study was conducted, using an elevation gradient as an analog of climate change, to analyze climatic influence on soil microbial activity and soil properties. We collected soil from under cryptogamic crust and bunchgrass plants at 25 sites over a 500 m elevation transect in a shrub-steppe ecosystem located in eastern Washington State of the US. The samples were analyzed for several chemical and microbiological attributes including pH, microbial biomass and nitrification potential and the data grouped into five climate sites for statistical analysis. Soil pH decreased over the transect with higher pH values in the grass soil than the crust. In contrast soil electrical conductivity (EC) increased with increasing elevation as did both ammonium and nitrate. Ammonium and EC were greater in the crust soil than the grass soil but nitrate concentration was the same under both plant covers. Both total C and N amounts increased with elevation as did nitrification potential. Due to high sample spatial variability microbial biomass, respiration and N mineralization showed non-significant trends over the 500 m elevation transect. Using these measured gradient relationships the increase in temperature and decrease in precipitation that is expected in this shrub-steppe ecosystem over the next 100 years would eventually cause the pH to increase and the EC to decrease. Plants would become more sparse, nitrification potential would decrease and ammonium would increase. Total C, N and microbial biomass concentrations would begin decreasing and may shift the controlling factors of the ecosystem to abiotic factors. The changes in the cycling of N and to some extent C due to climate change could alter the microbial and plant community structure and function of this ecosystem and cause it to move in the direction of desertification. JF - Soil Biology and Biochemistry AU - Smith, J L AU - Halvorson, J J AU - Bolton, H Jr AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Washington State University, 215 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164-6421, USA, jlsmith@mail.wsu.edu Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 1749 EP - 1757 VL - 34 IS - 11 SN - 0038-0717, 0038-0717 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04600:Soil UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18752760?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Soil+properties+and+microbial+activity+across+a+500+m+elevation+gradient+in+a+semi-arid+environment&rft.au=Smith%2C+J+L%3BHalvorson%2C+J+J%3BBolton%2C+H+Jr&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1749&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00380717&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial synchrony in forest insect outbreaks: Roles of regional stochasticity and dispersal AN - 18740433; 5621398 AB - Spatial synchrony, that is, correlated population fluctuation over wide geographical areas, has been detected in diverse taxa and over various geographical scales. The most commonly suggested mechanisms to explain spatial synchrony include dispersal and regional stochasticity (i.e., the Moran effect). We analyzed landscape-scale historical outbreak data for six forest insect species: spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana), western spruce budworm (C. occidentalis), larch bud moth (Zeiraphera diniana), forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria), mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae), and gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar). We used a recently developed statistical method (the nonparametric covariance function) for quantifying the magnitude and spatial range of synchrony in both outbreak and corresponding weather data. The varying dispersal capabilities of the species enabled us to speculate on the relative importance of dispersal vs. the Moran effect as potential mechanisms behind the observed patterns. Our results indicated that spatial synchrony was not directly associated with dispersal capabilities at the spatial scales considered. In contrast, the spatial correlation in weather variables was high enough to account for the levels of synchrony observed in the outbreak data. Therefore, the Moran effect appeared to be the more dominant process affecting the spatial dynamics of these species at the landscape scale. In general, however, the synchrony in outbreaks declined more steeply with geographical distance than the correlation in the weather variables, breaking with the predictions of Moran's theorem. A more detailed analysis of gypsy moth outbreak data showed that local dynamics varied considerably in a spatially dependent manner. The existence of such variation violates one of the assumptions of the Moran's theorem, namely, that the dynamic properties of disjunct populations are identical. We used a simple theoretical model to demonstrate that such geographical variation in local population dynamics may indeed force synchrony to decline more rapidly with distance than the correlation in the environment. JF - Ecology AU - Peltonen, M AU - Liebhold, AM AU - Bjoernstad, ON AU - Williams, D W AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, 180 Canfield Street, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 3120 EP - 3129 PB - Ecological Society of America VL - 83 IS - 11 SN - 0012-9658, 0012-9658 KW - Forest tent caterpillars KW - Gypsy Moth KW - Lasiocampidae KW - Lepidoptera KW - Mountain pine beetle KW - Spruce budworm KW - Tortricidae KW - scolytidae KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18740433?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology&rft.atitle=Spatial+synchrony+in+forest+insect+outbreaks%3A+Roles+of+regional+stochasticity+and+dispersal&rft.au=Peltonen%2C+M%3BLiebhold%2C+AM%3BBjoernstad%2C+ON%3BWilliams%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Peltonen&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=3120&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecology&rft.issn=00129658&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential effects of citrus peel extracts on growth of Penicillium digitatum, P. italicum, and P. expansum AN - 18734928; 5614002 AB - Most pathogenic species of Penicillium have a limited host range, suggesting unique adaptations to particular hosts. P. digitatum and P. italicum are primarily pathogens of mature citrus fruit, while P. expansum has a broad host range, but does not infect citrus. One possible basis of host specificity is that the pathogens are physiologically adapted to grow in the presence of the many bioactive compounds present in the citrus peel. To test this, peels from the fruit of seven Citrus sp. were extracted with 80% ethanol, concentrated and standardized. Growth of P. digitatum, P. italicum and P. expansum on potato dextrose broth, alone, or plus extract, was quantified by measuring conversion of the vital stain, thiazol blue. All citrus peel extracts stimulated growth of P. digitatum andP. italicum at greater dilution and to a greater degree than P. expansum. Marsh' grapefruit extract was separated into hexanes, ethyl acetate and aqueous partitioning fractions. The aqueous fraction was active at the greatest dilution tested, the hexanes fraction was active only at the highest concentration tested, while the ethyl acetate fraction had no stimulatory activity. When the aqueous and hexanes fractions were combined, growth increased tremendously, indicating a synergistic effect. The primary growth stimulating component in the hexanes fraction of grapefruit was identified as nootkatone. Growth ofP. digitatum and P. italicum is stimulated by components present in citrus peel. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. JF - Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology AU - Stange, R R AU - Midland, S L AU - Sims, J J AU - Greg McCollum, T AD - A1a U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 2001 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, U.S.A. Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 303 EP - 311 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd VL - 61 IS - 5 SN - 0885-5765, 0885-5765 KW - citrus peel extracts KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18734928?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physiological+and+Molecular+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Differential+effects+of+citrus+peel+extracts+on+growth+of+Penicillium+digitatum%2C+P.+italicum%2C+and+P.+expansum&rft.au=Stange%2C+R+R%3BMidland%2C+S+L%3BSims%2C+J+J%3BGreg+McCollum%2C+T&rft.aulast=Stange&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Physiological+and+Molecular+Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=08855765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fpmpp.2003.0447 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/pmpp.2003.0447 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trampling Disturbance of High-Elevation Vegetation, Wind River Mountains, Wyoming, U.S.A. AN - 18682516; 5582043 AB - Trampling experiments were conducted in five high-elevation plant communities in the Wind River Mountains. In one experiment (simulating infrequent acute disturbance), plots were trampled once and recovery was followed for 3 yr. In another experiment (simulating chronic disturbance), plots were trampled for three successive years and recovery was followed for one year. Yearly trampling intensities were 0 to 500 passes (up to 800 and 1000 in two communities). Structural responses (reductions in cover and height) were more pronounced than compositional responses. Low levels of trampling caused substantial reductions in cover and height, but rates of change decreased as trampling intensity increased. The ability of different plant communities to tolerate trampling disturbance varied by at least an order of magnitude, suggesting that impacts can be reduced by directing use to more tolerant plant communities. Moreover, tolerance can be gauged on the basis of readily observable plant characteristics. Plant communities with groundcover dominated by chamaephytes (primarily low, woody shrubs) or by erect, caulescent forbs were less resistant than those with groundcovers dominated by turf-forming or caespitose graminoids, or by forbs with matted, caespitose or rosette growth forms. Plant communities with woody, chamaephytic groundcover were less resilient than other plant communities. JF - Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research AU - Cole, D N AU - Monz, CA AD - Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute, Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 8089, Missoula, MT 59807, USA, dcole@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 365 EP - 376 VL - 34 IS - 4 SN - 1523-0430, 1523-0430 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04712:Environmental degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18682516?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arctic%2C+Antarctic%2C+and+Alpine+Research&rft.atitle=Trampling+Disturbance+of+High-Elevation+Vegetation%2C+Wind+River+Mountains%2C+Wyoming%2C+U.S.A.&rft.au=Cole%2C+D+N%3BMonz%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=365&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Arctic%2C+Antarctic%2C+and+Alpine+Research&rft.issn=15230430&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Arabidopsis ecotype variability in camalexin production and reaction to infection by Alternaria brassicicola AN - 18658412; 5564799 AB - Camalexin production was compared in 24 ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana. Detached Arabidopsis leaves were inoculated with Cochliobolus carbonum, an incompatible pathogen of Arabidopsis, to test the ability of each ecotype to produce camalexin. Whole plants were inoculated with Alternaria brassicicola, a crucifer pathogen, to determine if there was a correlation between the ability of an ecotype to produce camalexin and its resistance to A. brassicicola. All ecotypes were capable of producing camalexin, but the amounts produced relative to the Columbia ecotype (used as a standard) varied within and among ecotypes, and among experiments. Different degrees of resistance to A. brassicicola were observed among ecotypes, both macroscopically and microscopically. Extraction of A. brassicicola-inoculated leaves revealed that only four ecotypes (two resistant and two susceptible) produced easily detectable amounts of camalexin in response to this pathogen. TLC plate bioassays suggested that A. brassicicola was relatively insensitive to camalexin, thus casting some doubt on the importance of this compound in defense. These studies suggest that the role of camalexin in disease resistance varies among different Arabidopsis populations in nature, and they provide some clues to other possible determinants of resistance to A. brassicicola. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Kagan, IA AU - Hammerschmidt, R AD - USDA-ARS-NPURU P.O. Box 8048 Oxford, MS 38677, USA, ikagan@olemiss.edu Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 2121 EP - 2140 VL - 28 IS - 11 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - camalexin KW - ecotypes KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - D 04623:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18658412?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Arabidopsis+ecotype+variability+in+camalexin+production+and+reaction+to+infection+by+Alternaria+brassicicola&rft.au=Kagan%2C+IA%3BHammerschmidt%2C+R&rft.aulast=Kagan&rft.aufirst=IA&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hirsutella thompsonii and Metarhizium anisopliae as potential microbial control agents of Varroa destructor, a honey bee parasite AN - 18656047; 5553503 AB - The potential of Hirsutella thompsonii Fisher and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschinkoff) as biological control agents of the parasitic mite, Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman was evaluated in the laboratory and in observation hives. In the laboratory, time required for 90% cumulative mortality of mites (LT90) was 4.16 (3.98-4.42) days for H. thompsonii and 5.85 (5.48-7.43) days for M. anisopliae at 1.110 super(3) conidia mm super(-2). At a temperature (34 plus or minus 1 degree C) similar to that of the broodnest in a honey bee colony, Apis mellifera L., H. thompsonii [LC90=9.9010 super(1) (5.86-19.35) conidia mm super(-2) at Day 7] and M. anisopliae [LC90=7.1310 super(3) (2.80-23.45) conidia mm super(-2) at Day 7] both showed significant virulence against V. destructor. The applications of H. thompsonii to observation hives resulted in significant mortality of mites, and reduction of the number of mites per bee 21 and 42 days post-treatments. The treatments did not significantly affect the mite population in sealed brood. However, the fungus must have persisted because infected mites were still observed [82.97 plus or minus (0.6)%] 42 days post-treatment. In addition, the fungus was found to sporulate on the host. A small percentage [2.86 plus or minus (0.2)%] of dead mites found in the control hives also showed fungal infection, suggesting that adult bees drifted between hives and disseminated the fungus. H. thompsonii was harmless to the honey bees at the concentrations applied and did not have any deleterious effects on the fecundity of the queens. Microbial control with fungal pathogens provides promising new avenues for control of V. destructor and could be a useful component of an integrated pest management program for the honey bee industry. JF - Journal of Invertebrate Pathology AU - Kanga, LHB AU - James, R R AU - Boucias, D G AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beneficial Insects Research Unit, 2413 E. Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA, lkanga@weslaco.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 175 EP - 184 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 81 IS - 3 SN - 0022-2011, 0022-2011 KW - Honey bee KW - Honeybee mite KW - honeybees KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - A 01118:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18656047?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.atitle=Hirsutella+thompsonii+and+Metarhizium+anisopliae+as+potential+microbial+control+agents+of+Varroa+destructor%2C+a+honey+bee+parasite&rft.au=Kanga%2C+LHB%3BJames%2C+R+R%3BBoucias%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Kanga&rft.aufirst=LHB&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.issn=00222011&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Daily and Seasonal Activity Patterns of Rhagoletis indifferens (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Washington State AN - 18637050; 5543146 AB - The diurnal and seasonal activity patterns of the western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran, were determined on three sweet cherry trees, Prunus avium (L.), from 0700 to 1900 hours during June and July 2001 in Yakima County, WA. There were significant effects of time of day and season on numbers of flies seen on fruit relative to leaves, indicating that presence on or attraction to these substrates for feeding, mating, or oviposition, whether caused by visual or chemical cues, was greatly modified by temperature. When temperatures were 15-16 degree C at 0700 hours in early June, flies of both sexes were seen mostly on leaves, but when the temperature reached 20 degree C, more flies of both sexes moved onto fruit. Peak fly sightings occurred at 25-35 degree C, usually after 1000 hours. At >35 degree C, most flies vanished from view, and those seen were less active. Over the entire season, males were seen four times more often than females and spent more time on fruit than on leaves. Females were seen equally on and spent equal time on fruit and leaves when temperatures were 20-35 degree C. Mating was initiated on fruit but was completed on fruit and leaves. Overall fly sightings and daily temperatures were positively correlated early in the season when it was cooler, uncorrelated in the middle of the season, and negatively correlated in late season when it was warmest. The results show that R. indifferens presence and times spent on fruit and leaves are greatly altered by daily and seasonal changes in temperature, but they also suggest that at 20-35 degree C substrate-seeking behaviors of each sex do not change with time of day or season. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Yee, W L Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 701 EP - 710 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 95 IS - 6 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Diptera KW - Fruit flies KW - Western cherry fruit fly KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25503:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18637050?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Daily+and+Seasonal+Activity+Patterns+of+Rhagoletis+indifferens+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29+in+Washington+State&rft.au=Yee%2C+W+L&rft.aulast=Yee&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=701&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0013-8746%282002%29095%280701%3ADASAPO%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0013-8746&volume=95&page=701 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0013-8746(2002)095(0701:DASAPO)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Homologous recombination and double-strand break repair in the transformation of Rhizopus oryzae AN - 18631966; 5535813 AB - Genetic transformation of the Mucorales fungi has been problematic, since DNA transformed into the host rarely integrates and usually is mitotically unstable in the absence of selective pressure. In this study, transformation of Rhizopus oryzae was investigated to determine if the fate of introduced DNA could be predicted based on double-strand break repair and recombination mechanisms found in other fungi. A transformation system was developed with uracil auxotrophs of Rhizopus oryzae that could be complemented with the pyrG gene isolated in this work. DNA transformed as circular plasmids was maintained extrachromosomally in high-molecular-weight (>23 kb) concatenated arrangement. Type-I crossover integration into the pyrG locus and type-III pyrG gene replacement events occurred in approximately 1-5% of transformants. Linearization of the plasmid pPyr225 with a single restriction enzyme that cleaves within the vector sequence almost always resulted in isolates with replicating concatenated plasmids that had been repaired by end-joining recombination that restored the restriction site. The addition of a 40-bp direct repeat on either side of this cleavage site led to repair by homologous recombination between the repeated sequences on the plasmid, resulting in loss of the restriction site. When plasmid pPyr225 was digested with two different enzymes that cleave within the vector sequence to release the pyrG containing fragment, only pyrG gene replacement recombination occurred in transformants. Linearization of plasmid pPyr225 within the pyrG gene itself gave the highest percentage (20%) of type-I integration at the pyrG locus. However, end-joining repair and gene replacement events were still the predominant types of recombination found in transformations with this plasmid topology. JF - Molecular Genetics and Genomics AU - Skory, C D AD - Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA, skorycd@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 397 EP - 406 PB - Springer-Verlag, [URL:http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00438/bibs/2268 003/22680397.htm] VL - 268 IS - 3 SN - 1617-4615, 1617-4615 KW - pyrG gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Genetics Abstracts KW - J 02725:DNA KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18631966?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Genetics+and+Genomics&rft.atitle=Homologous+recombination+and+double-strand+break+repair+in+the+transformation+of+Rhizopus+oryzae&rft.au=Skory%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Skory&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=268&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=397&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Genetics+and+Genomics&rft.issn=16174615&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00438-002-0760-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00438-002-0760-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution and annual net accumulation of above-ground dead phytomass and its influence on throughfall quality in a Mexican tropical deciduous forest ecosystem AN - 18625218; 5523192 AB - The amount and annual net accumulation of above-ground dead woody material were quantified in a tropical deciduous forest in western Mexico. Three plots were located within a small watershed (16 ha) and distributed along a 150-m-elevation gradient (Upper, Middle and Lower plot). Total amount of above-ground dead phytomass (fine + coarse) was 27.2 Mg ha super(-1). Coarse dead category (branches + logs) made up 70.6% (19.2 Mg ha super(-1)) of the total. The rest comprised the fine fraction, which was lying on the forest floor as surface litter. Of the total coarse dead woody mass, 70.8% was standing, hanging or still attached to live trees (13.6 Mg ha super(-1)). Dead wood net accumulation was 6.6 Mg ha super(-1) y super(-1); 58% of this was coarse woody material and the rest comprised the fine litterfall fraction. The amount of standing, hanging/attached dead branches (2-20 cm circumference) varied significantly among plots, with the highest value in the Upper plot. Dead wood net accumulation was similar between the Upper and Middle plots, and significantly higher than the Lower plot. Compared to the intact canopy, the removal of dead mass (hanging/attached dead branches and standing dead logs) caused a significant decrease in throughfall nutrient concentration and nutrient flux by this pathway. JF - Journal of Tropical Ecology AU - Maass, J M AU - Martinez-Yrizar, A AU - Patino, C AU - Sarukhan, J AD - Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory (USDA-FS), 3160 Coweeta Lab. Road, Otto, NC 28763, USA, maass@oikos.unam.mx Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 821 EP - 834 VL - 18 IS - 6 SN - 0266-4674, 0266-4674 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04126:Tropical forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18625218?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Tropical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Distribution+and+annual+net+accumulation+of+above-ground+dead+phytomass+and+its+influence+on+throughfall+quality+in+a+Mexican+tropical+deciduous+forest+ecosystem&rft.au=Maass%2C+J+M%3BMartinez-Yrizar%2C+A%3BPatino%2C+C%3BSarukhan%2C+J&rft.aulast=Maass&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=821&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Tropical+Ecology&rft.issn=02664674&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017%2FS0266467402002535 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0266467402002535 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fermentation of sugar mixtures using Escherichia coli catabolite repression mutants engineered for production of L-lactic acid AN - 18623885; 5528560 AB - Conversion of lignocellulose to lactic acid requires strains capable of fermenting sugar mixtures of glucose and xylose. Recombinant Escherichia coli strains were engineered to selectively produce L-lactic acid and then used to ferment sugar mixtures. Three of these strains were catabolite repression mutants (ptsG super(-)) that have the ability to simultaneously ferment glucose and xylose. The best results were obtained for ptsG super(-) strain FBR19. FBR19 cultures had a yield of 0.77 (g lactic acid/g added sugar) when used to ferment a 100 g/l total equal mixture of glucose and xylose. The strain also consumed 75% of the xylose. In comparison, the ptsG super(+) strains had yields of 0.47-0.48 g/g and consumed 18-22% of the xylose. FBR19 was subsequently used to ferment a variety of glucose (0-40 g/l ) and xylose (40 g/l) mixtures. The lactic acid yields ranged from 0.74 to 1.00 g/g. Further experiments were conducted to discover the mechanism leading to the poor yields for ptsG super(+) strains. Xylose isomerase (XI) activity, a marker for induction of xylose metabolism, was monitored for FBR19 and a ptsG super(+) control during fermentations of a sugar mixture. Crude protein extracts prepared from FBR19 had 10-12 times the specific XI activity of comparable samples from ptsG super(+) strains. Therefore, higher expression of xylose metabolic genes in the ptsG super(-) strain may be responsible for superior conversion of xylose to product compared to the ptsG super(+) fermentations. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Dien, B S AU - Nichols, N N AU - Bothast, R J AD - Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 221 EP - 227 VL - 29 IS - 5 SN - 1367-5435, 1367-5435 KW - glucose KW - lactic acid KW - xylose KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01015:Fermentation & related processes KW - W2 32580:Fermentation and process engineering KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18623885?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Fermentation+of+sugar+mixtures+using+Escherichia+coli+catabolite+repression+mutants+engineered+for+production+of+L-lactic+acid&rft.au=Dien%2C+B+S%3BNichols%2C+N+N%3BBothast%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Dien&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fsj.jim.7000299 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.7000299 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Integration of sequence tagged microsatellite sites to the chickpea genetic map AN - 18621676; 5535600 AB - Fifty sequence-tagged microsatellite site (STMS) markers and a resistant gene-analog (RGA) locus were integrated into a chickpea (Cicer arietinum L., 2n = 2x = 16 chromosomes) genetic map that was previously constructed using 142 F sub(6)-derived recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross of C. arietinum x Cicer reticulatum Lad. The map covers 1,174.5 cM with an average distance of 7.0 cM between markers in nine linkage groups (LGs). Nine markers including the RGA showed distorted segregation (P < 0.05). The majority of the newly integrated markers were mapped to marker-dense regions of the LGs. Six co-dominant STMS markers were integrated into two previously reported major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) conferring resistance to Ascochyta blight caused by Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Labr. Using common STMS markers as anchors, three maps developed from different mapping populations were joined, and genes for resistance to Ascochyta blight, Fusarium wilt (caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend.: Fr. f. sp. ciceris), and for agronomically important traits were located on the combined linkage map. The integration of co-dominant STMS markers improves the map of chickpea and makes it possible to consider additional fine mapping of the genome and also map-based cloning of important disease resistance genes. JF - Theoretical and Applied Genetics AU - Tekeoglu, M AU - Rajesh, P N AU - Muehlbauer, F J AD - USDA-ARS, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, 303 Johnson Hall, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6434, USA Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 847 EP - 854 PB - Springer-Verlag, [URL:http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00122/bibs/2105 6-7/21050847.htm] VL - 105 IS - 6-7 SN - 0040-5752, 0040-5752 KW - Chickpea KW - RGA gene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - G 07354:Dicotyledons (crops) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 310:Agricultural Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18621676?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Theoretical+and+Applied+Genetics&rft.atitle=Integration+of+sequence+tagged+microsatellite+sites+to+the+chickpea+genetic+map&rft.au=Tekeoglu%2C+M%3BRajesh%2C+P+N%3BMuehlbauer%2C+F+J&rft.aulast=Tekeoglu&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=6-7&rft.spage=847&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Theoretical+and+Applied+Genetics&rft.issn=00405752&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00122-002-0993-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00122-002-0993-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Branch growth and gas exchange in 13-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) trees in response to elevated carbon dioxide concentration and fertilization AN - 18616061; 5526949 AB - We used whole-tree, open-top chambers to expose 13-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees, growing in soil with high or low nutrient availability, to either ambient or elevated (ambient + 200 mu mol mol super(-1)) carbon dioxide concentration ([CO sub(2)]) for 28 months. Branch growth and morphology, foliar chemistry and gas exchange characteristics were measured periodically in the upper, middle and lower crown during the 2 years of exposure. Fertilization and elevated [CO sub(2)] increased branch leaf area by 38 and 13%, respectively, and the combined effects were additive. Fertilization and elevated [CO sub(2)] differentially altered needle lengths, number of fascicles and flush length such that flush density (leaf area/flush length) increased with improved nutrition but decreased in response to elevated [CO sub(2)]. These results suggest that changes in nitrogen availability and atmospheric [CO sub(2)] may alter canopy structure, resulting in greater foliage retention and deeper crowns in loblolly pine forests. Fertilization increased foliar nitrogen concentration (N sub(M)), but had no consistent effect on foliar leaf mass (W sub(A)) or light-saturated net photosynthesis (A sub(sat)). However, the correlation between A sub(sat) and leaf nitrogen per unit area (N sub(A) = W sub(A)N sub(M)) ranged from strong to weak depending on the time of year, possibly reflecting seasonal shifts in the form and pools of leaf nitrogen. Elevated [CO sub(2)] had no effect on W sub(A), N sub(M) or N sub(A), but increased A sub(sat) on average by 82%. Elevated [CO sub(2)] also increased photosynthetic quantum efficiency and lowered the light compensation point, but had no effect on the photosynthetic response to intercellular [CO sub(2)], hence there was no acclimation to elevated [CO sub(2)]. Daily photosynthetic photon flux density at the upper, middle and lower canopy position was 60, 54 and 33%, respectively, of full sun incident to the top of the canopy. Despite the relatively high light penetration, W sub(A), N sub(A), A sub(sat) and R sub(d) decreased with crown depth. Although growth enhancement in response to elevated [CO sub(2)] was dependent on fertilization, [CO sub(2)] by fertilization interactions and treatment by canopy position interactions generally had little effect on the physiological parameters measured. JF - Tree Physiology AU - Maier, CA AU - Johnsen, KH AU - Butnor, J AU - Kress, L W AU - Anderson, PH AD - USDA Forest Service, 3041 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA, cmaier@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 1093 EP - 1106 VL - 22 IS - 15-16 SN - 0829-318X, 0829-318X KW - Loblolly pine KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04635:Conifers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18616061?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tree+Physiology&rft.atitle=Branch+growth+and+gas+exchange+in+13-year-old+loblolly+pine+%28Pinus+taeda%29+trees+in+response+to+elevated+carbon+dioxide+concentration+and+fertilization&rft.au=Maier%2C+CA%3BJohnsen%2C+KH%3BButnor%2C+J%3BKress%2C+L+W%3BAnderson%2C+PH&rft.aulast=Maier&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=15-16&rft.spage=1093&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tree+Physiology&rft.issn=0829318X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potential of some Metarhizium anisopliae isolates for control of Culex quinquefasciatus (Dipt., Culicidae) AN - 18615005; 5537005 AB - The potential of some isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana for use in the integrated management of Culex quinquefasciatus was evaluated. Metarhizium anisopliae isolate 1037 was selected in initial bioassays with a 50% lethal concentration (LC sub(50)) of 1.97 x 10 super(4) conidia/ml. This fungus caused higher mosquito larva mortality when applied as a conidial suspension to the surface of the water than as dry conidia, with a time to 50% lethal (LT sub(50)) of 1 day compared with 3.6 days for the dry conidial application. However, results with UV- and heat-inactivated conidia did not confirm a possible role of fungal toxins in causing mortality when ingested by C. quinquefasciatus larvae. Metarhizium anisopliae did not remain active for as long as the bacterium Bacillus sphaericus isolate 2362. At 24 h after application, the fungus-induced mortality on mosquito larvae was significantly lower than the mortality caused by the bacterium. By the second day, almost no activity by the fungus was observed. Results suggest that M. anisopliae isolate 1037 has potential for use in mosquito control programmes. JF - Journal of Applied Entomology AU - Alves, S B AU - Alves, L F AU - Lopes, R B AU - Pereira, R M AU - Vieira, SA AD - Departamento de Entomologia, Fitopatologia e Zoologia Agricola, ESALQ-Universidade de Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil, rpereira@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu rpereira@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu rpereira@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu rpereira@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 504 EP - 509 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 126 IS - 9 SN - 0931-2048, 0931-2048 KW - Mosquitoes KW - Southern house mosquito KW - fungal toxins KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Culex quinquefasciatus KW - Biological control KW - Beauveria bassiana KW - Biological poisons KW - Fungi KW - Larvae KW - Culicidae KW - Conidia KW - Pest control KW - Freshwater KW - Toxins KW - Metarhizium anisopliae KW - Insecticides KW - Bioassays KW - Insect larvae KW - Aquatic insects KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control KW - A 01023:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18615005?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Entomology&rft.atitle=Potential+of+some+Metarhizium+anisopliae+isolates+for+control+of+Culex+quinquefasciatus+%28Dipt.%2C+Culicidae%29&rft.au=Alves%2C+S+B%3BAlves%2C+L+F%3BLopes%2C+R+B%3BPereira%2C+R+M%3BVieira%2C+SA&rft.aulast=Alves&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=126&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=504&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Entomology&rft.issn=09312048&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1439-0418.2002.00674.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological control; Bioassays; Insecticides; Biological poisons; Insect larvae; Pest control; Aquatic insects; Fungi; Larvae; Conidia; Toxins; Culex quinquefasciatus; Beauveria bassiana; Culicidae; Metarhizium anisopliae; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0418.2002.00674.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rural Roads Vulnerability Reduction Assessment, Mitigation Measures, and Training AN - 18614711; 5525774 AB - Considerable experience has been gained in the assessment of storm damage to rural roads, subsequent repairs, and implementing measures to reduce the vulnerability of the road system to future events both in the western United States and in Latin America. Closure or damage to rural roads presents a major hardship to local populations, hinders disaster relief efforts, and results in costly damage repairs. Storm-damage assessment, for both repairs and assessing vulnerability, involves a subjective process of working with local communities to identify their highest priorities and support combined with objective inventory of the transportation system and identification of hazards and repair options. Needed work has been specified on simple work lists with site-specific repair or reconstruction recommendations. Many cost-effective planning, location, design, and, maintenance measures can be implemented to greatly reduce the risk and vulnerability of roads, particularly on low-volume roads. Most measures involve avoiding problematic areas, incorporating adequate design detail, and controlling drainage. Training has been conducted and manuals have been written to improve rural-road design, to implement effective storm-damage repairs, reduce future risks, and to minimize environmental damage. JF - Natural Hazards Review AU - Keller, G R AD - USDA Forest Service, Plumas National Forest, 159 Lawrence St., Quincy, CA 95971, USA Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 139 EP - 147 VL - 3 IS - 4 SN - 1527-6988, 1527-6988 KW - Risk Abstracts KW - R2 23030:Natural hazards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18614711?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Hazards+Review&rft.atitle=Rural+Roads+Vulnerability+Reduction+Assessment%2C+Mitigation+Measures%2C+and+Training&rft.au=Keller%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Keller&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Hazards+Review&rft.issn=15276988&rft_id=info:doi/10.1061%2F%28ASCE%291527-6988%282002%293%3A4%28139%29 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1527-6988(2002)3:4(139) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydraulic redistribution of soil water during summer drought in two contrasting Pacific Northwest coniferous forests AN - 18612170; 5526950 AB - The magnitude of hydraulic redistribution of soil water by roots and its impact on soil water balance were estimated by monitoring time courses of soil water status at multiple depths and root sap flow under drought conditions in a dry ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws) ecosystem and in a moist Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) ecosystem. The fate of deuterated water applied to small plots to create a strong horizontal soil water potential gradient was also monitored to assess the potential for horizontal redistribution of water and utilization of redistributed water by co-occurring shallow-rooted plants. In a 20-year-old Douglas-fir stand, approximately 28% of the water removed daily from the upper 2 m of soil was replaced by nocturnal hydraulic redistribution during late August. In an old-growth ponderosa pine stand, approximately 35% of the total daily water utilization from the upper 2 m of soil appeared to be replaced by hydraulic redistribution during July and August. By late September, hydraulic redistribution in the ponderosa pine stand was no longer apparent, even though total water use from the upper 2 m of soil was nearly identical to that observed earlier. Based on these results, hydraulic redistribution would allow 21 and 16 additional days of stored water to remain in the upper soil horizons in the ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir stands, respectively, after a 60-day drought. At both sites, localized applications of deuterated water induced strong reversal of root sap flow and caused soil water content to cease declining or even temporarily increase at locations too distant from the site of water application to have been influenced by movement of water through the soil without facilitation by roots. Xylem water deuterium values of ponderosa pine seedlings suggested utilization of redistributed water. Therefore, hydraulic redistribution may enhance seedling survival and maintain overstory transpiration during summer drought. These first approximations of the extent of hydraulic redistribution in these ecosystems suggest that it is likely to be an important process in both wet and dry forests of the Pacific Northwest. JF - Tree Physiology AU - Brooks, J R AU - Meinzer, F C AU - Coulombe, R AU - Gregg, J AD - USDA Forest Service, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331-4401, USA, fmeinzer@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 1107 EP - 1117 VL - 22 IS - 15-16 SN - 0829-318X, 0829-318X KW - Douglas-fir KW - Ponderosa Pine KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Hydraulics KW - Seasonal Variations KW - Pinus ponderosa KW - Forests KW - Soil Water KW - Drought KW - Conifers KW - USA, Northwest KW - Forest Hydrology KW - Pseudotsuga menziesii KW - Soil-water-plant Relationships KW - Soil Properties KW - Soil moisture KW - Droughts KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - D 04600:Soil UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18612170?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tree+Physiology&rft.atitle=Hydraulic+redistribution+of+soil+water+during+summer+drought+in+two+contrasting+Pacific+Northwest+coniferous+forests&rft.au=Brooks%2C+J+R%3BMeinzer%2C+F+C%3BCoulombe%2C+R%3BGregg%2C+J&rft.aulast=Brooks&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=15-16&rft.spage=1107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tree+Physiology&rft.issn=0829318X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Conifers; Forests; Soil moisture; Droughts; Hydraulics; Forest Hydrology; Seasonal Variations; Soil-water-plant Relationships; Soil Properties; Drought; Soil Water; Pinus ponderosa; Pseudotsuga menziesii; USA, Northwest ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Upper-limb bone mineral density of female collegiate gymnasts versus controls AN - 18551841; 5524302 AB - Purpose: We examined bilateral bone mineral density (BMD) in the arms of female college gymnasts to assess the relative contribution of high-impact loading forces versus daily activities on bone plasticity. Methods: Twenty-five female collegiate gymnasts and 25 controls were studied. BMD of the lumbar spine, proximal femur, and whole body were assessed via dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Upper-limb BMD was determined by custom analyses of the whole-body scans to examine arms individually. Results: BMD of gymnasts was significantly (P < 0.0001) greater than controls at all sites. Whole-body BMD was 8% higher in gymnasts (1.270 plus or minus 0.078 vs 1.175 plus or minus 0.073 g times cm super(-2)), with 18-19% differences in the lumbar spine (1.427 plus or minus 0.144 vs 1.212 plus or minus 0.106 g times cm super(-2)), right proximal femur (1.298 plus or minus 0.101 vs 1.100 plus or minus 0.129 g times cm super(-2)), and left proximal femur (1.293 plus or minus 0.111 vs 1.104 plus or minus 0.133 g times cm super(-2)). Arm BMD was 17% greater in gymnasts, with higher values in both dominant (1.013 + 0.067 vs 0.875 + 0.066 g times cm super(-2)) and nondominant (1.002 + 0.060 vs 0.849 + 0.062 g times cm super(-2)) arms. Intragroup comparisons revealed a significantly (P < 0.0001) greater BMD in the dominant arm of the controls but no side-to-side difference in the arms of the gymnasts. Conclusions: Upper-limb BMD followed use patterns in both gymnasts and controls, demonstrating that the forces imposed on the arms with gymnastics training enhanced BMD and resulted in no bilateral differences. These findings illustrate the association between gymnastics training and increased BMD throughout the body, suggesting that the high BMD values observed in gymnasts are due primarily to the activity itself rather than selection bias. JF - Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise AU - Proctor, K L AU - Adams, W C AU - Shaffrath, J D AU - Loan, van, MD AD - Western Human Nutrition Research Center, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA, MVanLoan@whnrc.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 1830 EP - 1835 VL - 34 IS - 11 SN - 0195-9131, 0195-9131 KW - athletes KW - bone mineral density KW - gymnasts KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Physical Education Index KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - PE 090:Sports Medicine & Exercise Sport Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18551841?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medicine+%26+Science+in+Sports+%26+Exercise&rft.atitle=Upper-limb+bone+mineral+density+of+female+collegiate+gymnasts+versus+controls&rft.au=Proctor%2C+K+L%3BAdams%2C+W+C%3BShaffrath%2C+J+D%3BLoan%2C+van%2C+MD&rft.aulast=Proctor&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1830&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Medicine+%26+Science+in+Sports+%26+Exercise&rft.issn=01959131&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index; ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - groEL Expression in gyrB Mutants of Borrelia burgdorferi AN - 18498145; 5462238 AB - GroEL protein and groEL mRNA transcript were up-regulated in gyrB mutants of Borrelia burgdorferi, a causative agent of Lyme disease. Furthermore, the protein and transcript levels in gyrB mutants were greater than those in experimentally heat-shocked cultures of wild-type B. burgdorferi. Circular DNA in the gyrB mutants was more relaxed than in wild-type cells, although groEL is on the linear chromosome of B. burgdorferi. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence, albeit indirect, for the effect of DNA topology on gene expression from a linear DNA molecule in a bacterium. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Alverson, J AU - Samuels, D S AD - USDA-ARS, Biological Control and Mass Rearing Research Unit, P.O. Box 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762-5367, janalverson@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 6069 EP - 6072 VL - 184 IS - 21 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - GroEL protein KW - groEL gene KW - gyrB gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18498145?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=groEL+Expression+in+gyrB+Mutants+of+Borrelia+burgdorferi&rft.au=Alverson%2C+J%3BSamuels%2C+D+S&rft.aulast=Alverson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=184&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=6069&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJB.183.21.6069-6072.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JB.183.21.6069-6072.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The impact of mineral nutrients in food crops on global human health AN - 17676176; 5540853 AB - Nutrient sufficiency is the basis of good health, productive lives and longevity for everyone. Nutrient availability to people is primarily determined by the output of foods produced from agricultural systems. If agricultural systems fail to provide enough food diversity and quantity to satisfy all the nutrients essential to human life, people will suffer, societies will deteriorate and national development efforts will stagnate. Importantly, plant foods provide most of the nutrients that feed the developing world. Unfortunately, as a result of population pressures, many global food systems are not currently providing enough micronutrients to assure adequate micronutrient intakes for all people. This has resulted in an increasing prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies (e.g., iron deficiency, vitamin A deficiency, and iodine deficiency disorders) that now afflicts over three billion people globally mostly among resource-poor women, infants and children in developing countries. The consequences of micronutrient malnutrition are profound and alarming for human existence. Agricultural approaches to finding sustainable solutions to this problem are urgently needed. This review presents some ways in which plant nutritionists can contribute to preventing micronutrient malnutrition in sustainable ways. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Welch, R M AD - USDA, ARS, U.S. Plant, Soil and Nutrition Laboratory, Cornell University, Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA, rmw1@cornell.edu Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 83 EP - 90 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 247 IS - 1 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17676176?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=The+impact+of+mineral+nutrients+in+food+crops+on+global+human+health&rft.au=Welch%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Welch&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=247&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selenite-selenate sorption in surface coal mine environment AN - 16146746; 5568116 AB - Information is limited on the sorption characteristics of selenite (SeO sub(3) super(2-)) and selenate (SeO sub(4) super(2-)) in reclaimed coalmine environments. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the adsorption of both Se species using various isotherm models, and to quantify the relationship between sorption parameters and different soil properties. Ten coalmine soils were studied using Se treatments ranging from 0 to 2.5 mg/l. The results indicated that the percent sorption varied from 48 to 99% for SeO sub(3) super(2-), and 44 to 95% for SeO sub(4) super(2-); however, for all soil samples, percent SeO sub(3) super(2-) sorption was always greater than SeO sub(4) super(2-), indicating SeO sub(3) super(2-) was the stronger adsorbate. The Langmuir model described SeO sub(3) super(2-) sorption in eight samples, whereas adsorption of SeO sub(4) super(2-) was described in only one sample by this model. The Freundlich model resulted in better statistical fitting of the data compared to the Langmuir model for both Se species; 10 and six samples conformed to adsorption of SeO sub(3) super(2-) and SeO sub(4) super(2-), respectively. Adsorption of SeO sub(3) super(2-) in nine soils and SeO sub(4) super(2-) in six soils were described by the Temkin model. The best fitting of SeO sub(3) super(2-) and SeO sub(4) super(2-) adsorption (for all 10 soils) occurred with the Initial Mass isotherm. Higher K sub(i) values for SeO sub(3) super(2-) in comparison to SeO sub(4) super(2-) suggested that SeO sub(3) super(2-) had a greater adsorption affinity for the coal mine soils. Difference in sorption strength of SeO sub(3) super(2-) and SeO sub(4) super(2-) was attributed to the structural difference of the two species based on the concepts of valence shell electron pair repulsion model and hybridization. Different adsorption indices, including Langmuir (B sub(l), K sub(l)B sub(l)), Freundlich (n sub(f)), Temkin (K sub(t1)K sub(t2)), and Initial Mass (K sub(i)) model parameters, were linearly related (at P of 0.05) to various soil properties. Phosphate extractable Se and total soil Se were correlated to mainly SeO sub(3) super(2-) adsorption parameters including K sub(l)B sub(l), K sub(t1)K sub(t2), and K sub(i). Extractable Ca, Mn and Fe concentrations were correlated to B sub(l) and n sub(f), indicating the presence of oxides or oxyhydroxides of the metals could result in greater Se retention in the mine soils. Correlations of n sub(f) with electrical conductivity, clay content, and specific surface area also suggested a possible dependence of Se adsorption on other soil properties. JF - Advances in Environmental Research AU - Sharmasarkar, S AU - Vance, G F AD - Water Management Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 2021 South Peach Avenue, Fresno, CA 93727-5951, USA, ssharmas@csufresno.edu Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 87 EP - 95 VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 1093-0191, 1093-0191 KW - selenate KW - selenite KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Selenite KW - Selenate KW - Adsorption KW - Mine soils KW - Soil remediation KW - Sorption KW - Environmental restoration KW - Coal KW - Mining KW - Land reclamation KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16146746?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+Environmental+Research&rft.atitle=Selenite-selenate+sorption+in+surface+coal+mine+environment&rft.au=Sharmasarkar%2C+S%3BVance%2C+G+F&rft.aulast=Sharmasarkar&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=87&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+Environmental+Research&rft.issn=10930191&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1093-0191%2801%2900110-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil remediation; Sorption; Environmental restoration; Mining; Coal; Land reclamation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1093-0191(01)00110-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temporal Mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection in T-cell receptor (TCR)- alpha and TCR- delta -deficient mice AN - 18510237; 5471361 AB - Mycobacterium paratuberculosis is the causative agent of paratuberculosis (Johne's disease), a chronic inflammation of the terminal portion of the ileum in ruminants. The predominance of cell-mediated immunity in early stages of the disease suggests that T lymphocytes are essential to protect the host from infection with M. paratuberculosis. In this study, we investigated the role of alpha beta and gamma delta T cells in resistance to M. paratuberculosis infection using a T-cell receptor (TCR) knockout mouse model. Weanling TCR- alpha -deficient, TCR- delta -deficient, and C57BL/6 control mice (5-6 weeks of age) were acclimated for 2 weeks and then inoculated intraperitoneally with 10 super(8)CFU/ml of M. paratuberculosis (either strain 19698 or strain Ben). Groups of mice within each treatment group were euthanized at 1, 3 and 6 months post-inoculation. Sections of spleen, liver, ileum and mesenteric lymph node were prepared for bacterial culture and histologic examination. At all time points of infection and regardless of bacterial strain, TCR- alpha -deficient mice had higher levels of M. paratuberculosis colonization in their tissues compared to TCR- delta -deficient mice or C57BL/6 control mice. Lesions were located predominately in the liver and the ileum, depending upon period of infection, and lesion scores were higher for TCR- alpha -deficient mice compared to the other treatment groups. These results suggest that alpha beta T cells play a major role in resistance to infection with M. paratuberculosis and that gamma delta T cells may play a lesser role and potentially confound protective immune responses. JF - Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology AU - Stabel, J R AU - Ackermann, M R AD - National Disease of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA 50010, USA, jstabel@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10/28/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Oct 28 SP - 127 EP - 132 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 89 IS - 3-4 SN - 0165-2427, 0165-2427 KW - C57BL/6 mice KW - alpha -chain KW - beta -chain KW - delta -chain KW - gamma -chain KW - knockout mice KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18510237?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Immunology+and+Immunopathology&rft.atitle=Temporal+Mycobacterium+paratuberculosis+infection+in+T-cell+receptor+%28TCR%29-+alpha+and+TCR-+delta+-deficient+mice&rft.au=Stabel%2C+J+R%3BAckermann%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Stabel&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-10-28&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Immunology+and+Immunopathology&rft.issn=01652427&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Shiga-like Toxin Inhibition of FLICE-like Inhibitory Protein Expression Sensitizes Endothelial Cells to Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide-induced Apoptosis AN - 18606478; 5467082 AB - Shiga-like toxin (SLT) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of hemolytic uremic syndrome and its attendant endothelial cell (EC) injury. Key serotypes of Escherichia coli produce SLT-1 in addition to another highly pro-inflammatory molecule, lipopolysaccharide (LPS). It has previously been established that SLT-1 induces EC apoptosis and that LPS enhances this effect. LPS alone has no affect on human EC viability, and the mechanism for this enhancement remains unknown. In the present report, we demonstrate that SLT-1 sensitizes EC to LPS- induced apoptosis. Pretreatment with SLT-1 sensitized EC to LPS-induced apoptosis, whereas pretreatment with LPS did not influence SLT-1-induced apoptosis. SLT-1 exposure resulted in decreased expression of FLICE-like inhibitory protein (FLIP), an anti-apoptotic protein that has previously been shown to block LPS-induced apoptosis. This SLT-1-mediated decrease in FLIP expression preceded the onset of apoptosis elicited by SLT-1 alone or in combination with LPS. SLT-1-mediated decrements in FLIP expression correlated in a dose- and time-dependent manner with sensitization to LPS-induced apoptosis. Finally, transient or stable overexpression of FLIP protected against LPS enhancement of SLT-1-induced apoptosis, and this protection corresponded with sustained expression of FLIP. Together, these data suggest that SLT-1 sensitizes EC to LPS-induced apoptosis by inhibiting FLIP expression. JF - Journal of Biological Chemistry AU - Erwert, R D AU - Winn, R K AU - Harlan, J M AU - Bannerman, D D AD - Departments of Medicine and Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, dbanner@anri.barc.usda.gov. Y1 - 2002/10/25/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Oct 25 SP - 40567 EP - 40574 VL - 277 IS - 43 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - hemolytic uremic syndrome KW - shiga-like toxin KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02823:In vitro and in vivo effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18606478?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Shiga-like+Toxin+Inhibition+of+FLICE-like+Inhibitory+Protein+Expression+Sensitizes+Endothelial+Cells+to+Bacterial+Lipopolysaccharide-induced+Apoptosis&rft.au=Erwert%2C+R+D%3BWinn%2C+R+K%3BHarlan%2C+J+M%3BBannerman%2C+D+D&rft.aulast=Erwert&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-10-25&rft.volume=277&rft.issue=43&rft.spage=40567&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Existing antivirals are effective against influenza viruses with genes from the 1918 pandemic virus AN - 18504337; 5465544 AB - The 1918 influenza pandemic caused more than 20 million deaths worldwide. Thus, the potential impact of a re-emergent 1918 or 1918-like influenza virus, whether through natural means or as a result of bioterrorism, is of significant concern. The genetic determinants of the virulence of the 1918 virus have not been defined yet, nor have specific clinical prophylaxis and/or treatment interventions that would be effective against a re-emergent 1918 or 1918-like virus been identified. Based on the reported nucleotide sequences, we have reconstructed the hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), and matrix (M) genes of the 1918 virus. Under biosafety level 3 (agricultural) conditions, we have generated recombinant influenza viruses bearing the 1918 HA, NA, or M segments. Strikingly, recombinant viruses possessing both the 1918 HA and 1918 NA were virulent in mice. In contrast, a control virus with the HA and NA from a more recent human isolate was unable to kill mice at any dose tested. The recombinant viruses were also tested for their sensitivity to U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved antiinfluenza virus drugs in vitro and in vivo. Recombinant viruses possessing the 1918 NA or both the 1918 HA and 1918 NA were inhibited effectively in both tissue culture and mice by the NA inhibitors, zanamivir and oseltamivir. A recombinant virus possessing the 1918 M segment was inhibited effectively both in tissue culture and in vivo by the M2 ion-channel inhibitors amantadine and rimantadine. These data suggest that current antiviral strategies would be effective in curbing the dangers of a re-emergent 1918 or 1918-like virus. JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA AU - Tumpey, T M AU - Garcia-Sastre, A AU - Mikulasova, A AU - Taubenberger, J K AU - Swayne, DE AU - Palese, P AU - Basler, C F AD - Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605, chris.basler@mssm.edu Y1 - 2002/10/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Oct 15 SP - 13849 EP - 13854 VL - 99 IS - 21 SN - 0027-8424, 0027-8424 KW - double prime HA gene KW - double prime M gene KW - double prime NA gene KW - mice KW - nucleotide sequence KW - oseltamivir KW - zanamivir KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - W4 240:Bioterrorism & Biological Warfare KW - V 22100:Antiviral agents KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18504337?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+USA&rft.atitle=Existing+antivirals+are+effective+against+influenza+viruses+with+genes+from+the+1918+pandemic+virus&rft.au=Tumpey%2C+T+M%3BGarcia-Sastre%2C+A%3BMikulasova%2C+A%3BTaubenberger%2C+J+K%3BSwayne%2C+DE%3BPalese%2C+P%3BBasler%2C+C+F&rft.aulast=Tumpey&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-10-15&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=13849&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+USA&rft.issn=00278424&rft_id=info:doi/10.1073%2Fpnas.212519699 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.212519699 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Association of wildfire with tree health and numbers of pine bark beetles, reproduction weevils and their associates in Florida AN - 18483286; 5440957 AB - Wildfires burned over 200,000ha of forest lands in Florida from April to July 1998. This unique disturbance event provided a valuable opportunity to study the interactions of summer wildfires with the activity of pine feeding insects and their associates in the southeastern United States. We compared tree mortality with abundance of bark and ambrosia beetles, reproduction weevils and wood borers relative to fire severity. Over 27% of residual live trees in stands that experienced high fire severity died between October 1998 and May 1999. An additional 2-3% of trees that initially survived the fire died during the second year compared to 1% mortality in unburned stands. One year after the fire, more than 75% of the trees surviving in high fire severity stands had roots infected with one or more species of Leptographium and/or Graphium spp. and nearly 60% of the sampled roots were infected. No such fungi were recovered from roots of trees in unburned stands. Significantly, more root weevils, Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picovorus, were captured in unbaited pitfalls in the moderate and high fire severity stands than in the controls. Mean trap catches of Ips grandicollis, Dendroctonus terebrans and Hylastes salebrosus, three common bark beetles that feed on phloem tissue of pines, were lower in Lindgren traps in the fire-damaged areas than in the control stands. In contrast, catches of the ambrosia beetles, Xyleborus spp. and Monarthrum mali, were higher in burned stands than in control stands. The generalist predator, Temnochila virescens (Coleoptera: Trogositidae), showed a strong positive relationship between abundance and fire severity, while the flat bark beetle, Silvanus sp. (Coleoptera: Sylvanidae), exhibited the reverse trend. Our results show that most tree mortality occurred within 1 year of the fire. Ips or Dendroctonus bark beetle populations did not build up in dead and weakened trees and attack healthy trees in nearby areas. The prevalence of Leptographium spp. in roots may be a symptom of, or result in, weakened trees that may affect the trees' susceptibility to bark beetles in the future. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Hanula, J L AU - Meeker, J R AU - Miller AU - Barnard, EL AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 320 Green St., Athens, GA 30602-2044, USA, jhanula@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/10/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Oct 15 SP - 233 EP - 247 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 170 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Bark beetles KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18483286?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Association+of+wildfire+with+tree+health+and+numbers+of+pine+bark+beetles%2C+reproduction+weevils+and+their+associates+in+Florida&rft.au=Hanula%2C+J+L%3BMeeker%2C+J+R%3BMiller%3BBarnard%2C+EL&rft.aulast=Hanula&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-10-15&rft.volume=170&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of fenbendazole residues in bovine milk by ELISA. AN - 72143666; 12358440 AB - Fenbendazole residues in bovine milk were analyzed by ELISAs using two monoclonal antibodies. One monoclonal antibody (MAb 587) bound the major benzimidazole anthelmintic drugs, including fenbendazole, oxfendazole, and fenbendazole sulfone. The other (MAb 591) was more specific for fenbendazole, with 13% cross-reactivity with the sulfone and no significant binding to the sulfoxide metabolite. The limit of detection of the ELISA method in the milk matrix was 7 ppb for MAb 587 and 3 ppb for MAb 591. Fenbendazole was administered in feed, drench, and paste form to three groups of dairy cattle. Milk was collected immediately before dosing and then every 12 h for 5 days. The ELISA indicated that residue levels varied widely among individual cows in each group. Fenbendazole levels peaked at approximately 12-24 h and declined rapidly thereafter. Metabolites were detected at much higher levels than the parent compound, peaked at approximately 24-36 h, and declined gradually. Residue levels were undetectable by 72 h. The ELISA data correlated well with the total residues determined by chromatographic analysis, but the use of the two separate ELISAs did not afford an advantage over ELISA with the single, broadly reactive MAb 587. The ELISA method could be used to flag high-residue samples in on-site monitoring of fenbendazole in milk and is a potential tool for studying drug pharmacokinetics. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Brandon, David L AU - Bates, Anne H AU - Binder, Ronald G AU - Montague, William C AU - Whitehand, Linda C AU - Barker, Steven A AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California 94710, USA. dbrandon@pw.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10/09/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Oct 09 SP - 5791 EP - 5796 VL - 50 IS - 21 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Anthelmintics KW - 0 KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - Pesticide Residues KW - Fenbendazole KW - 621BVT9M36 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Quality Control KW - Fenbendazole -- analysis KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis KW - Anthelmintics -- analysis KW - Fenbendazole -- administration & dosage KW - Milk -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72143666?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+fenbendazole+residues+in+bovine+milk+by+ELISA.&rft.au=Brandon%2C+David+L%3BBates%2C+Anne+H%3BBinder%2C+Ronald+G%3BMontague%2C+William+C%3BWhitehand%2C+Linda+C%3BBarker%2C+Steven+A&rft.aulast=Brandon&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2002-10-09&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=5791&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-19 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of a Leptospira interrogans locus containing DNA replication genes and a new IS, IS1502 AN - 18510257; 5471086 AB - A region of the Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona genome encoding DNA replication genes was characterized. This region, designated the ppa-ntrC locus, includes 19 open reading frames and a new insertion sequence, IS1502. Although this locus resembles replication origins from many eubacteria, it lacks several genes common to homologous loci. Some replication-related genes were previously located near rrf, and may have been moved to that location by homologous recombination between short sequence elements common to both loci. Further analysis showed that the ppa-ntrC region has undergone substantial change during spirochete evolution. Transcription analysis using RT-PCR revealed uniquely organized polycistronic mRNAs in the ppa-ntrC locus. The dnaN and recF intergenic region of serovar pomona was different from the homologous sites of 41 L. interrogans serovars by the presence of IS1502. The distribution of IS1502 throughout pathogenic Leptospira species varies. This result suggests that IS1502 may have been recently introduced into Leptospira. JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters AU - Zuerner, R L AU - Huang, WM AD - Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, and the National Leptospirosis Reference Center, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 70, 2300 Dayton Road, Ames, IA 50010, USA, rzuerner@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10/08/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Oct 08 SP - 175 EP - 182 PB - Federation of European Microbiological Societies VL - 215 IS - 2 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - dnaN gene KW - ntrC gene KW - ppa gene KW - ppa-ntrC gene KW - recF gene KW - rrf gene KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - N 14930:Transcription factors KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18510257?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+a+Leptospira+interrogans+locus+containing+DNA+replication+genes+and+a+new+IS%2C+IS1502&rft.au=Zuerner%2C+R+L%3BHuang%2C+WM&rft.aulast=Zuerner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-10-08&rft.volume=215&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Site-directed mutagenesis of Aspergillus niger NRRL 3135 phytase at residue 300 to enhance catalysis at pH 4.0. AN - 72141855; 12359257 AB - Increased phytase activity for Aspergillus niger NRRL 3135 phytaseA (phyA) at intermediate pH levels (3.0-5.0) was achieved by site-directed mutagenesis of its gene at amino acid residue 300. A single mutation, K300E, resulted in an increase of the hydrolysis of phytic acid of 56% and 19% at pH 4.0 and 5.0, respectively, at 37 degrees C. This amino acid residue has previously been identified as part of the substrate specificity site for phyA and a comparison of the amino acid sequences of other cloned fungal phytases indicated a correlation between a charged residue at this position and high specific activity for phytic acid hydrolysis. The substitution at this residue by either another basic (R), uncharged (T), or acidic amino acid (D) did not yield a recombinant enzyme with the same favorable properties. Therefore, we conclude that this residue is not only important for the catalytic function of phyA, but also essential for imparting a favorable pH environment for catalysis. JF - Biochemical and biophysical research communications AU - Mullaney, Edward J AU - Daly, Catherine B AU - Kim, Taewan AU - Porres, Jesus M AU - Lei, Xin Gen AU - Sethumadhavan, Kandan AU - Ullah, Abul H J AD - Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA. emul@srrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10/04/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Oct 04 SP - 1016 EP - 1020 VL - 297 IS - 4 SN - 0006-291X, 0006-291X KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - 6-Phytase KW - EC 3.1.3.26 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Base Sequence KW - Recombinant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Kinetics KW - Recombinant Proteins -- chemistry KW - Species Specificity KW - Amino Acid Substitution KW - Catalysis KW - 6-Phytase -- chemistry KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - 6-Phytase -- metabolism KW - 6-Phytase -- genetics KW - Aspergillus niger -- enzymology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72141855?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+and+biophysical+research+communications&rft.atitle=Site-directed+mutagenesis+of+Aspergillus+niger+NRRL+3135+phytase+at+residue+300+to+enhance+catalysis+at+pH+4.0.&rft.au=Mullaney%2C+Edward+J%3BDaly%2C+Catherine+B%3BKim%2C+Taewan%3BPorres%2C+Jesus+M%3BLei%2C+Xin+Gen%3BSethumadhavan%2C+Kandan%3BUllah%2C+Abul+H+J&rft.aulast=Mullaney&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft.date=2002-10-04&rft.volume=297&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1016&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+and+biophysical+research+communications&rft.issn=0006291X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-27 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phytoremediation of selenium-contaminated soils and waters: fundamentals and future prospects. AN - 72855173; 12611471 AB - Interest in selenium pollution and remediation technology has escalated during the past two decades. Although not known to be essential for plants, selenium is an essential micronutrient for humans and animals, having important benefits for their nutrition. At high concentrations, however, selenium becomes toxic to animals and humans. A major selenium controversy in the 1980s emerged in California at the Kesterson National Wildlife Refuge; hence, scientists, environmental regulators, politicians, and the general public in the United States became aware of selenium's potential as an environmental contaminant. Consequently, extensive research has been conducted in the western United States, and a vast amount of financial resources have been allocated to develop management strategies and remediation technologies for reducing the impact of naturally occurring selenium on the biological environment. A plant-based technology, defined as 'phytoremediation', has received increasing recognition as a low-cost, environmentally friendly approach for managing the toxic effects of selenium. Plants have the ability to absorb and sequester selenium and to convert inorganic selenium to volatile forms of organic compounds that are released harmlessly into the atmosphere. The present review summarizes recent research findings and information about strategies on using phytoremediation systems to detoxify selenium-contaminated soils and waters in natural and agricultural ecosystems. JF - Reviews on environmental health AU - Bañuelos, G S AU - Lin, Z Q AU - Wu, L AU - Terry, N AD - USDA-ARS, Water Management Research Laboratory, Parlier, California 93648-9757, USA. gbanuelos@fresno.ars.usda.gov PY - 2002 SP - 291 EP - 306 VL - 17 IS - 4 SN - 0048-7554, 0048-7554 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Soil KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Selenium KW - H6241UJ22B KW - Index Medicus KW - Plants -- chemistry KW - Plants -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Food, Fortified KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Water Purification -- methods KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Antioxidants -- analysis KW - Selenium -- analysis KW - Selenium -- pharmacokinetics KW - Water -- chemistry KW - Soil -- analysis KW - Antioxidants -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72855173?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reviews+on+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Phytoremediation+of+selenium-contaminated+soils+and+waters%3A+fundamentals+and+future+prospects.&rft.au=Ba%C3%B1uelos%2C+G+S%3BLin%2C+Z+Q%3BWu%2C+L%3BTerry%2C+N&rft.aulast=Ba%C3%B1uelos&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=291&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reviews+on+environmental+health&rft.issn=00487554&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-20 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The potential for enhanced fungicide resistance in Beauveria bassiana through strain discovery and artificial selection. AN - 72720760; 12445792 AB - Our objectives were to determine the (1) natural variation in fungicide resistance among Beauveria bassiana strains, (2) potential to increase fungicide resistance in B. bassiana through artificial selection, and (3) stability of virulence in selected B. bassiana strains. Fungicides included dodine, fenbuconazole, and triphenyltin hydroxide, which are commonly used in pecan and other horticultural crops. Comparison of seven B. bassiana strains indicated some are substantially more resistant to fungicides than others; a commercial strain (GHA) was less resistant than all wild strains isolated from pecan orchards. Artificial selection resulted in enhanced fungicide resistance in the GHA strain but not in a mixed wild strain. Removal of selection pressure for three passages did not reduce the enhanced fungicide resistance. Sub-culturing with exposure to fungicides did not affect the GHA strain's virulence to pecan weevil, Curculio caryae, larvae, whereas fungicide exposure increased virulence in a mixed wild population of B. bassiana. JF - Journal of invertebrate pathology AU - Shapiro-Ilan, David I AU - Reilly, Charles C AU - Hotchkiss, Michael W AU - Wood, Bruce W AD - USDA-ARS, SE Fruit and Tree Nut Research Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008, USA. dshapiro@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 86 EP - 93 VL - 81 IS - 2 SN - 0022-2011, 0022-2011 KW - Fungicides, Industrial KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Virulence KW - Animals KW - Beetles -- microbiology KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Selection, Genetic KW - Mitosporic Fungi -- growth & development KW - Insecticide Resistance -- genetics KW - Mitosporic Fungi -- pathogenicity KW - Mitosporic Fungi -- genetics KW - Pest Control, Biological UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72720760?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+invertebrate+pathology&rft.atitle=The+potential+for+enhanced+fungicide+resistance+in+Beauveria+bassiana+through+strain+discovery+and+artificial+selection.&rft.au=Shapiro-Ilan%2C+David+I%3BReilly%2C+Charles+C%3BHotchkiss%2C+Michael+W%3BWood%2C+Bruce+W&rft.aulast=Shapiro-Ilan&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=86&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+invertebrate+pathology&rft.issn=00222011&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-16 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rotifers ingest Giardia cysts. AN - 72678482; 12435156 AB - Seven species of rotifers representing 6 genera, Epiphanes, Plationus, Asplanchna, Philodina species A, Philodina species B. Platyias, and Brachionus, were exposed to Giardia cysts isolated from the feces of experimentally infected holstein calves. Giardia cysts were prestained with a fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated monoclonal antibody and mixed with viable rotifers on 3-well Teflon-coated microscope slides. Organisms were observed with phase-contrast, differential interference contrast, and fluorescence microscopy. Five rotifer species, Epiphanes brachionus, Plationus patulus, Philodina (both A and B), and Platyias quadricornis, ingested varying numbers of cysts, which were retained within the rotifers' bodies throughout the observation period. Rotifer ingestion of Giardia cysts may represent a means of reducing water contamination. JF - The Journal of parasitology AU - Trout, J M AU - Walsh, E J AU - Fayer, R AD - Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA. jtrout@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 1038 EP - 1040 VL - 88 IS - 5 SN - 0022-3395, 0022-3395 KW - Sewage KW - 0 KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Index Medicus KW - Microscopy, Fluorescence KW - Animals KW - Microscopy, Phase-Contrast KW - Water -- parasitology KW - Microscopy, Interference KW - Sewage -- parasitology KW - Image Processing, Computer-Assisted KW - Rotifera -- parasitology KW - Giardia -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72678482?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+parasitology&rft.atitle=Rotifers+ingest+Giardia+cysts.&rft.au=Trout%2C+J+M%3BWalsh%2C+E+J%3BFayer%2C+R&rft.aulast=Trout&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1038&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+parasitology&rft.issn=00223395&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-09 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic manipulation of the pathogenic yeast Candida parapsilosis. AN - 72673900; 12420143 AB - Candida parapsilosis is an important human pathogen, responsible for severe cases of systemic candidiasis and one of the leading causes of mortality in neonates. In this report, we describe the first system for genetic manipulation of C. parapsilosis. We isolated and subsequently determined DNA sequences of genes encoding galactokinase ( CpGAL1) and orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase ( CpURA3) from a genomic DNA library of C. parapsilosis by functional complementation of corresponding mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The predicted protein products, Gal1p and Ura3p, displayed a high degree of homology with corresponding sequences of C. albicans and S. cerevisiae, respectively. A collection of galactokinase-deficient ( gal1) strains of C. parapsilosis was prepared using direct selection of mutagenized cells on media containing 2-deoxy-galactose. Additionally, we constructed a plasmid vector carrying CpGAL1 as a selection marker and a genomic DNA fragment with an autonomously replicating sequence activity that transforms the C. parapsilosis gal1 mutant strain with high efficiency. This system for genetic transformation of C. parapsilosis may significantly advance the study of this human pathogen, greatly improving our understanding of its biology and virulence, with implications for drug development. JF - Current genetics AU - Nosek, Jozef AU - Adamíková, Lubica AU - Zemanová, Júlia AU - Tomáska, Lubomír AU - Zufferey, Rachel AU - Mamoun, Choukri Ben AD - Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina CH-1, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia. nosek@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 27 EP - 35 VL - 42 IS - 1 SN - 0172-8083, 0172-8083 KW - Genetic Markers KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Genetic Vectors KW - Plasmids KW - Genomic Library KW - Candida -- genetics KW - Organisms, Genetically Modified UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72673900?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+genetics&rft.atitle=Genetic+manipulation+of+the+pathogenic+yeast+Candida+parapsilosis.&rft.au=Nosek%2C+Jozef%3BAdam%C3%ADkov%C3%A1%2C+Lubica%3BZemanov%C3%A1%2C+J%C3%BAlia%3BTom%C3%A1ska%2C+Lubom%C3%ADr%3BZufferey%2C+Rachel%3BMamoun%2C+Choukri+Ben&rft.aulast=Nosek&rft.aufirst=Jozef&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+genetics&rft.issn=01728083&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-20 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship of milk yield and quality to preweaning gain of calves from Angus, Brahman and reciprocal-cross cows on different forage systems. AN - 72649707; 12413073 AB - Interactions of the regression of preweaning ADG on dam milk yield and quality with breed group and forage environment were evaluated in a two-phase study. Phase I consisted of milk yield and quality and calf gain records from 1989 to 1991 for purebred Angus (n = 64) and Brahman (n = 62) cows mated to sires of both breeds. Phase II consisted of milk yield and quality and calf gain records from 1991 to 1997 for Angus (n = 94), Brahman (n = 85), Angus x Brahman (n = 86) and Brahman x Angus (n = 93) mated to Polled Hereford sires. In Phase I, forage environments included common bermudagrass and endophyte-infected tall fescue. In Phase II, forage environments included common bermudagrass and endophyte-infected tall fescue (1991 to 1995) and a rotational system of both forages (1995 to 1997) in which each forage was grazed during its appropriate growing season, usually June through October for bermudagrass and November through May for tall fescue. Milk yield was estimated monthly six times during lactation from spring through fall and converted to a 24-h basis. Milk fat, milk protein, and somatic cell count were analyzed by a commercial laboratory. In Phase I, the relation of preweaning ADG to milk yield, milk fat yield, and protein yield was greater (P < 0.05) in Brahman cows on bermudagrass than Angus on bermudagrass. The regression of preweaning ADG on milk yield in Phase I was greater (P < 0.05) for cows on tall fescue than cows which grazed bermudagrass. In Phase II, the relation of preweaning ADG to milk yield, milk fat yield, and milk protein yield was greater or tended to be greater (P < 0.01, P < 0.11, P < 0.01, respectively) in purebred cows compared to reciprocal-cross cows. The regression of preweaning ADG on milk yield and milk protein yield was greater (P < 0.05) on tall fescue than bermudagrass in Phase II. These results suggest that the influence of milk yield and quality on calf growth may differ among breed types and production system, and the efficacy of genetic improvements in milk traits may depend on the breed type and forage environment. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Brown, M A AU - Brown, A H AD - USDA, ARS, Grazinglands Research Laboratory, El Reno, OK 73036, USA. mbrown@grl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 2522 EP - 2527 VL - 80 IS - 10 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Fats KW - 0 KW - Milk Proteins KW - Index Medicus KW - Environment KW - Animals KW - Weaning KW - Fats -- analysis KW - Fungi -- growth & development KW - Poaceae -- microbiology KW - Milk Proteins -- analysis KW - Genotype KW - Food Microbiology KW - Breeding KW - Seasons KW - Crosses, Genetic KW - Female KW - Milk -- standards KW - Milk -- secretion KW - Cattle -- physiology KW - Animal Feed KW - Animals, Suckling -- growth & development KW - Milk -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72649707?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Relationship+of+milk+yield+and+quality+to+preweaning+gain+of+calves+from+Angus%2C+Brahman+and+reciprocal-cross+cows+on+different+forage+systems.&rft.au=Brown%2C+M+A%3BBrown%2C+A+H&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2522&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-24 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Efficacy of the organic-certified insecticide Diatect II against the boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis) in cotton. AN - 72642457; 12400443 AB - The efficacy of the organic insecticide Diatect II against boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis Boheman) in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L) in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas were assessed in small-plot field trials and greenhouse cage tests using azinphos-methyl treatments as a standard for comparison. Plastic sheets were placed in the furrows of the treated plots to retrieve boll weevils which dropped from the plants after being killed by the insecticides. Samples of live weevils taken by a tractor-mounted vacuum sampler revealed a modest, but significant, reduction in boll weevil populations in Diatect II plots. However, samples of dead weevils indicated that this reduction was due to movement of weevils out of the plots rather than to mortality. This interpretation is supported by greenhouse cage studies, where mortality in Diatect II treated cages was no greater than that in untreated control cages. The effects of insecticide treatments in small plots can be confounded easily and quickly by interplot movement of target insects. Although the relative effects of various compounds can usually be assessed by sampling the populations in plots soon after treatment, the best measure of efficacy is obtained by directly sampling insects that have died in the plot. This parameter is insulated from the effects of interplot movement, unless the toxicant is slow to immobilize the target insect. Taken together, our results indicate little efficacy by Diatect II against boll weevil under our test conditions. JF - Pest management science AU - Sappington, Thomas W AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Integrated Farming & Natural Resources Research Unit, 2413 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA. tsapping@weslaco.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 1038 EP - 1042 VL - 58 IS - 10 SN - 1526-498X, 1526-498X KW - Drug Combinations KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Pyrethrins KW - diatect II KW - Azinphosmethyl KW - 265842EWUV KW - Piperonyl Butoxide KW - LWK91TU9AH KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Environment, Controlled KW - Azinphosmethyl -- toxicity KW - Toxicity Tests KW - Time Factors KW - Insecticides -- toxicity KW - Agriculture -- methods KW - Pyrethrins -- toxicity KW - Piperonyl Butoxide -- toxicity KW - Gossypium -- parasitology KW - Beetles -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72642457?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pest+management+science&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+the+organic-certified+insecticide+Diatect+II+against+the+boll+weevil+%28Anthonomus+grandis%29+in+cotton.&rft.au=Sappington%2C+Thomas+W&rft.aulast=Sappington&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1038&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pest+management+science&rft.issn=1526498X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-07 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of granular boric acid sugar baits for house flies (Diptera: Muscidae). AN - 72636057; 12403441 AB - Freeze-dried, granular sugar baits containing boric acid as the toxicant were evaluated against house flies, Musca domestica L., in two bioassays with toxicant dose ranges of 3, 5, 7, 8, and 12%, and 3, 5, 9, 17, and 33% boric acid, respectively, calculated and expressed on a dry weight basis. Flies in bioassay 1 were mixed sex and unstarved and flies in bioassay 2 were females only and starved 4 h before testing began. LC50s were 8.97 and 14.33%, and LT50s were 59.75 and 53.34 h in bioassays 1 and 2, respectively. Baits were tested at concentrations as high as 33%, however there was no indication of repellency as seen previously with liquid baits. Reasons for lack of repellency and potential uses for baits are discussed. Development of efficacious granular baits would allow the presentation of higher levels of boric acid in volumes much smaller than required for liquid baits. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Hogsette, Jerome A AU - Carlson, David A AU - Nejame, Alyce S AD - Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA. jhogsette@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 1110 EP - 1112 VL - 95 IS - 5 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Boric Acids KW - 0 KW - Carbohydrates KW - boric acid KW - R57ZHV85D4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Biological Assay KW - Insect Control -- methods KW - Muscidae UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72636057?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Development+of+granular+boric+acid+sugar+baits+for+house+flies+%28Diptera%3A+Muscidae%29.&rft.au=Hogsette%2C+Jerome+A%3BCarlson%2C+David+A%3BNejame%2C+Alyce+S&rft.aulast=Hogsette&rft.aufirst=Jerome&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1110&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molluscicidal and antifungal activity of Erigeron speciosus steam distillate. AN - 72634583; 12400444 AB - The steam-distilled fraction of the aerial parts of Erigeron speciosus (Lindl) DC was tested for activity against strawberry plant pathogenic fungi Botrytis cinerea Pers ex Fr, Colletotrichum acutatum Simmonds, C fragariae Brooks, C gloeosporioides (Penz) Penz & Sacc, and the intermediate host snail Planobdella trivolvis that harbors the trematode, Bolbophorus confusus, that infests and causes severe infections in pond-raised catfish in the Mississippi Delta region of the USA. Bioautography on silica TLC plates demonstrated antifungal activity in the steam distillate. Preliminary bioassays of the steam distillate indicated the presence of phytochemicals toxic to P trivolvis. The bioactive compounds methyl 2Z, 8Z-deca-2,8-diene-4,6-diynoate and its 2E, 8E isomer were isolated by bioassay-guided fractionation and chromatographic techniques and identified by 1H NMR spectroscopy. JF - Pest management science AU - Meepagala, Kumudini M AU - Sturtz, George AU - Wise, David AU - Wedge, David E AD - USDA-ARS, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, PO Box 8048, University, MS 38677, USA. kmeepaga@olemiss.edu Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 1043 EP - 1047 VL - 58 IS - 10 SN - 1526-498X, 1526-498X KW - Alkynes KW - 0 KW - Fatty Alcohols KW - Fungicides, Industrial KW - Molluscacides KW - Plant Extracts KW - methyl deca-2,8-diene-4,6-diynoate KW - Captan KW - EOL5G26Q9F KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Snails -- drug effects KW - Chromatography KW - Colletotrichum -- drug effects KW - Captan -- toxicity KW - Snails -- parasitology KW - Platyhelminths -- drug effects KW - Botrytis -- drug effects KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Fatty Alcohols -- metabolism KW - Molluscacides -- metabolism KW - Plant Extracts -- metabolism KW - Alkynes -- metabolism KW - Asteraceae -- chemistry KW - Fungicides, Industrial -- metabolism KW - Plant Extracts -- toxicity KW - Alkynes -- chemistry KW - Fatty Alcohols -- chemistry KW - Fatty Alcohols -- toxicity KW - Fungicides, Industrial -- toxicity KW - Alkynes -- toxicity KW - Molluscacides -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72634583?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pest+management+science&rft.atitle=Molluscicidal+and+antifungal+activity+of+Erigeron+speciosus+steam+distillate.&rft.au=Meepagala%2C+Kumudini+M%3BSturtz%2C+George%3BWise%2C+David%3BWedge%2C+David+E&rft.aulast=Meepagala&rft.aufirst=Kumudini&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1043&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pest+management+science&rft.issn=1526498X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-07 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Southwestern corn borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) damage and aflatoxin accumulation in maize. AN - 72627496; 12403433 AB - Aflatoxin, a potent carcinogen, is produced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus Link: Fr. Drought, high temperatures, and insect damage contribute to increased levels of aflatoxin contamination in corn, Zea mays L. Plant resistance is widely considered a desirable method of reducing aflatoxin contamination. Germplasm lines with aflatoxin resistance have been developed. This investigation was undertaken to determine whether crosses among these lines exhibited resistance to southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella Dyar, and to assess the effects of southwestern corn borer feeding on aflatoxin accumulation. Differences in ear damage among southwestern corn borer infested hybrids were significant. Estimates of general combining ability effects indicated that the lines Mp80:04, Mp420, and Mp488 contributed to reduced ear damage, and SC213 and T165 contributed to greater damage when used in hybrids. Mean aflatoxin levels were 254 ng/g for hybrids infested with southwestern corn borer larvae and 164 ng/g for noninfested hybrids in 2000 when environmental conditions were conducive to aflatoxin production. In contrast, the overall mean aflatoxin level for southwestern corn borer infested hybrids was only 5 ng/g in 1999 when environmental conditions did not favor aflatoxin accumulation. Crosses that included lines selected for aflatoxin resistance as parents (Mp80:04 and Mp313E) exhibited lower levels of aflatoxin contamination both with and without southwestern corn borer infestation in 2000. Only the experimental line Mp80:04 contributed significantly to both reduced southwestern corn borer damage and reduced aflatoxin contamination. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Williams, W Paul AU - Buckley, Paul M AU - Windham, Gary L AD - USDA-ARS Corn Host Plant Resistance Research Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA. wpwilliams@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 1049 EP - 1053 VL - 95 IS - 5 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Crops, Agricultural -- economics KW - Insect Control KW - Aflatoxins -- metabolism KW - Zea mays KW - Moths UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72627496?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Southwestern+corn+borer+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Crambidae%29+damage+and+aflatoxin+accumulation+in+maize.&rft.au=Williams%2C+W+Paul%3BBuckley%2C+Paul+M%3BWindham%2C+Gary+L&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1049&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of tolerance to insecticides on substrate penetration by Formosan subterranean termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). AN - 72623033; 12403426 AB - Seven selected insecticides were applied to three substrates and bioassayed for barrier efficacy and toxicity against the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, originating from colonies that differed in their tolerance to the insecticides. A profound substrate effect was seen with all insecticides tested. Sand was the most difficult substrate to penetrate and caused faster and greater mortality of C. formosanus. Increased tolerance in C. formosanus was accompanied by a decrease in penetration of treated substrata with chlordane, methoxychlor, chlorpyrifos, and deltamethrin. The opposite was true in the case of permethrin and bendiocarb. More tolerance C. formosanus displayed decreased mortality in the presence of chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin, bendiocarb, and fipronil. The opposite was true for permethrin. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Osbrink, Weste L A AU - Lax, Alan R AD - Southern Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA. osbrink@srrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 989 EP - 1000 VL - 95 IS - 5 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Carbamates KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Nitriles KW - Phenylcarbamates KW - Pyrazoles KW - Pyrethrins KW - Chlordan KW - 12789-03-6 KW - decamethrin KW - 2JTS8R821G KW - Permethrin KW - 509F88P9SZ KW - Chlorpyrifos KW - JCS58I644W KW - bendiocarb KW - QFH0ZU0A5U KW - fipronil KW - QGH063955F KW - Methoxychlor KW - RIA79UD69L KW - Index Medicus KW - Chlordan -- pharmacology KW - Carbamates -- pharmacology KW - Pyrazoles -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Insecticide Resistance KW - Permethrin -- pharmacology KW - Pyrethrins -- pharmacology KW - Chlorpyrifos -- pharmacology KW - Methoxychlor -- pharmacology KW - Isoptera -- physiology KW - Insect Control -- methods KW - Isoptera -- drug effects KW - Insecticides -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72623033?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+tolerance+to+insecticides+on+substrate+penetration+by+Formosan+subterranean+termites+%28Isoptera%3A+Rhinotermitidae%29.&rft.au=Osbrink%2C+Weste+L+A%3BLax%2C+Alan+R&rft.aulast=Osbrink&rft.aufirst=Weste+L&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=989&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Generic ionizing radiation quarantine treatments against fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) proposed. AN - 72619969; 12403413 AB - Tephritid fruit flies comprise the most important group of quarantined pests of fresh produce. Most quarantine treatments of fresh agricultural commodities are directed against these pests, and considerable effort in detection, trapping, and population control is expended worldwide to prevent these pests from invading new territories. Ionizing radiation has been studied for 70 yr for its possible use as a quarantine treatment against fruit flies, but has only been applied commercially on a limited basis since 1995. The treatment has great potential and will probably be used extensively in the future as it is tolerated by more species of fruits than any other major treatment. The U.S. Department Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service only recently proposed allowing irradiation for fresh agricultural imports from other countries, and other countries are studying proposals to do likewise. In 1991, the International Consultative Group on Food Irradiation recommended a generic dose against all tephritid fruit flies of 150 Gy. This article examines the literature dealing with irradiation quarantine treatments against fruit flies and recommends minimum absorbed doses of 70 Gy for Anastrepha spp., 101 Gy for Bactrocera jarvisi and B. tryoni, and 150 Gy for all Tephritidae except when fruits have been stored in hypoxic atmospheres. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Hallman, Guy J AU - Loaharanu, Paisan AD - Kika de la Garza Subtropical Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA. ghallman@weslaco.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 893 EP - 901 VL - 95 IS - 5 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Index Medicus KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Animals KW - Radiation, Ionizing KW - Insect Control -- methods KW - Ceratitis capitata -- radiation effects KW - Tephritidae -- radiation effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72619969?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Generic+ionizing+radiation+quarantine+treatments+against+fruit+flies+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29+proposed.&rft.au=Hallman%2C+Guy+J%3BLoaharanu%2C+Paisan&rft.aulast=Hallman&rft.aufirst=Guy&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=893&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of mathematical models to estimate characteristics of pyrethroid resistance in tobacco budworm and bollworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) field populations. AN - 72612798; 12403428 AB - Genetic models have been used to examine the evolution of insecticide resistance in pest species subject to data and assumptions regarding genetic, biological, and operational parameters. We used time-series data on pyrethroid tolerance and simple genetic models to estimate underlying genetic and biological parameters associated with resistance evolution in tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), and bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), Louisiana field populations. Assuming pyrethroid resistance is conferred by one gene at one locus in both species, inheritance of pyrethroid resistance was partially dominant in the tobacco budworm and partially recessive in the bollworm. Relative fitness estimates indicated that fitness costs associated with resistance selected against resistance alleles in the absence of selection pressure in the tobacco budworm, but not in the bollworm. In addition, relative fitness estimates obtained using the indirect method outlined in this study were similar in magnitude to estimates obtained using traditional direct approaches. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Livingston, M J AU - Carlson, G A AU - Fackler, P L AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Riverdale, MD 20737, USA. michael.j.livingston@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 1008 EP - 1017 VL - 95 IS - 5 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Insecticide Resistance KW - Tobacco KW - Mathematical Computing KW - Pest Control, Biological -- methods KW - Computer Simulation KW - Models, Genetic KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - Moths -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72612798?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Use+of+mathematical+models+to+estimate+characteristics+of+pyrethroid+resistance+in+tobacco+budworm+and+bollworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+field+populations.&rft.au=Livingston%2C+M+J%3BCarlson%2C+G+A%3BFackler%2C+P+L&rft.aulast=Livingston&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1008&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Public health considerations in human consumption of wild game. AN - 72187179; 12381562 AB - The role of a few microorganisms, like Brucella and Mycobacterium and certain parasites of food animals, in causing human disease has been recognized for a hundred years. By the 1990s, other microorganisms derived from food animals were recognized as contributing to human illness. Handling and/or consumption of wild game may result in human exposure to novel microorganisms; these unrecognized or unknown agents or diseases in wild species may cross into humans and cause "new" diseases with which we are not familiar. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Ahl, Alwynelle S AU - Nganwa, David AU - Wilson, Saul AD - USDA Fellow, Center for the Integrated Study of Food, Animal and Plant Systems at Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama 36083, USA. asahl@tusk.edu Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 48 EP - 50 VL - 969 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Zoonoses KW - Public Health KW - Food Microbiology KW - Humans KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Communicable Disease Control KW - Food Parasitology KW - Meat -- standards KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Meat -- parasitology KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Communicable Diseases, Emerging -- transmission KW - Communicable Diseases, Emerging -- prevention & control KW - Animals, Wild UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72187179?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Public+health+considerations+in+human+consumption+of+wild+game.&rft.au=Ahl%2C+Alwynelle+S%3BNganwa%2C+David%3BWilson%2C+Saul&rft.aulast=Ahl&rft.aufirst=Alwynelle&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=969&rft.issue=&rft.spage=48&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-11 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular characterization of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from a poultry further processing facility and from fully cooked product. AN - 72177607; 12380741 AB - This study was undertaken to explore environmental sources of Listeria monocytogenes in a commercial chicken further processing facility and to compare the isolates obtained from this facility with others obtained from fully cooked product. In a survey conducted at the processing facility, 40 environmental sites (encompassing two production lines and representing areas in which raw and cooked products are processed) were cultured for L. monocytogenes. The resulting isolates were subjected to molecular subtyping by ribotyping, and these isolates were compared with 25 isolates collected by plant personnel from product contact surfaces and from fully cooked product. Eighty-nine environmental and product isolates were divided into 15 distinct ribogroups. Two ribogroups included isolates from fully cooked product; the members of these two ribogroups were subjected to further analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, resulting in four clusters. L. monocytogenes isolates from fully cooked product produced on line 1 were found to be indistinguishable from isolates collected from (i) drains on the raw-product side of line 1 and (ii) the floor surface in the cooked-product area of line 1. L. monocytogenes isolates from fully cooked product from line 2 were found to be indistinguishable from isolates collected from (i) the spiral freezer exit conveyor on line 2, (ii) raw product contact surfaces on line 1, and (iii) drains in the cooked-product area of line 1. These data suggest that L. monocytogenes can colonize a poultry further processing facility and eventually be transferred to fully cooked product. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Berrang, M E AU - Meinersmann, R J AU - Northcutt, J K AU - Smith, D P AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30605-5677, USA. mberrang@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 1574 EP - 1579 VL - 65 IS - 10 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Ribotyping KW - Animals KW - Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Food-Processing Industry KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- isolation & purification KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- genetics KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Equipment Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Chickens -- microbiology KW - Poultry Products -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72177607?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Molecular+characterization+of+Listeria+monocytogenes+isolated+from+a+poultry+further+processing+facility+and+from+fully+cooked+product.&rft.au=Berrang%2C+M+E%3BMeinersmann%2C+R+J%3BNorthcutt%2C+J+K%3BSmith%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=Berrang&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1574&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-21 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in raw ground beef stored at 10 degrees C and the influence of competitive bacterial flora, strain variation, and fat level. AN - 72177163; 12380736 AB - Pure-culture broth-based models of the growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 have been used to estimate its behavior in ground beef, even though these models have not been adequately validated for this food product. This situation limits accurate estimates of the behavior of E. coli O157:H7 in ground beef and introduces uncertainties in risk assessments. In the present study, the growth of single and multiple strains of E. coli O157:H7 were measured in retail ground beef stored at 10 degrees C for up to 12 days, and the results were compared with estimates generated by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Pathogen Modeling Program (PMP; version 5.1). At pH 5.9, the PMP predicted a maximum population density (MPD) of 9.13 log10 CFU/g, an exponential growth rate (EGR) of 0.052 log10 CFU/h, and a lag time of 56.3 h. Similar parameter values were observed for sterilized ground beef; however, no lag phase was observed. In contrast, the mean MPD and EGR for retail ground beef were 5.09 log10 CFU/g and 0.019 log10 CFU/h, respectively, and no lag phase was observed. Both the EGR and the MPD increased with decreasing fat levels. There was low variation in the MPD and EGR parameters for the nine E. coli O157:H7 ground beef isolates. Two isolates of competitive native flora were separately added to sterilized ground beef, and the EGR and MPD decreased as the ratio of competitive flora to E. coli O157:H7 increased. For one strain, at ratios of 1:1, 10:1, and 100:1, the EGRs were 0.033, 0.025, and 0.018 log10 CFU/h, respectively, and the MPDs were 6.14, 5.08, and 4.84 log10 CFU/g, respectively. These results demonstrate that existing broth-based models for E coli O157:H7 must be validated for food and that models should consider the effects of the food matrix, the competitive microflora, and potential pathogen strain variation. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Tamplin, Mark L AD - Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. mtamplin@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 1535 EP - 1540 VL - 65 IS - 10 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Fats KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Fats -- pharmacology KW - Cattle KW - Food Microbiology KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Temperature KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Time Factors KW - Models, Biological KW - Meat Products -- microbiology KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- growth & development KW - Meat Products -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72177163?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Growth+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+in+raw+ground+beef+stored+at+10+degrees+C+and+the+influence+of+competitive+bacterial+flora%2C+strain+variation%2C+and+fat+level.&rft.au=Tamplin%2C+Mark+L&rft.aulast=Tamplin&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1535&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-21 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of methods for the recovery of Escherichia coil O157:H7 and Salmonella from beef carcass sponge samples and bovine fecal and hide samples. AN - 72175004; 12380735 AB - Culture methods were developed for the concurrent recovery of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella from bovine carcass, hide, and fecal samples. Several enrichment conditions were tested for the overall growth of pure cultures; tryptic soy broth for 2 h at 25 degrees C and then for 6 h at 42 degrees C was the protocol selected for use. Immunomagnetic separation (IMS) was incorporated for sensitivity and selectivity, along with a post-IMS enrichment for the recovery of Salmonella as recommended by the manufacturer. Selective agars for plating after IMS were chosen on the basis of ease of target colony identification. Sorbitol MacConkey agar supplemented with cefixime and potassium tellurite and Rainbow agar supplemented with novobiocin and potassium tellurite were chosen for the recovery of E. coli O157:H7. Brilliant green agar with sulfadiazine and Hektoen enteric agar supplemented with novobiocin were selected for the recovery of Salmonella. The resulting methods were evaluated along with standard or previously used methods for the recovery of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella from bovine hide and fecal samples and carcass sponge samples. The Meats Research Unit (MRU) methods performed at least as well as the established methods, except that a secondary enrichment in tetrathionate (TT) broth prior to IMS was required for the optimal recovery of Salmonella from feces. Thus, the MRU and MRU-TT methods are effective in the recovery of both E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella from a single bovine carcass, hide, or fecal sample. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Barkocy-Gallagher, Genevieve A AU - Berry, Elaine D AU - Rivera-Betancourt, Mildred AU - Arthur, Terrance M AU - Nou, Xiangwu AU - Koohmaraie, Mohammad AD - Roman L Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933-0166, USA. gallagher@email.marc.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 1527 EP - 1534 VL - 65 IS - 10 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Culture Media KW - 0 KW - Agar KW - 9002-18-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Temperature KW - Immunomagnetic Separation -- veterinary KW - Time Factors KW - Skin -- microbiology KW - Feces -- microbiology KW - Colony Count, Microbial -- methods KW - Cattle -- microbiology KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- isolation & purification KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72175004?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Development+of+methods+for+the+recovery+of+Escherichia+coil+O157%3AH7+and+Salmonella+from+beef+carcass+sponge+samples+and+bovine+fecal+and+hide+samples.&rft.au=Barkocy-Gallagher%2C+Genevieve+A%3BBerry%2C+Elaine+D%3BRivera-Betancourt%2C+Mildred%3BArthur%2C+Terrance+M%3BNou%2C+Xiangwu%3BKoohmaraie%2C+Mohammad&rft.aulast=Barkocy-Gallagher&rft.aufirst=Genevieve&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1527&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-21 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distinct N-terminal regulatory domains of Ca(2+)/H(+) antiporters. AN - 72171314; 12376668 AB - The regulation of intracellular Ca(2+) levels is achieved in part by high-capacity vacuolar Ca(2+)/H(+) antiporters. An N-terminal regulatory region (NRR) on the Arabidopsis Ca(2+)/H(+) antiporter CAX1 (cation exchanger 1) has been shown previously to regulate Ca(2+) transport by a mechanism of N-terminal auto-inhibition. Here, we examine the regulation of other CAX transporters, both within Arabidopsis and from another plant, mung bean (Vigna radiata), to ascertain if this mechanism is commonly used among Ca(2+)/H(+) antiporters. Biochemical analysis of mung bean VCAX1 expressed in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) showed that N-terminal truncated VCAX1 had approximately 70% greater antiport activity compared with full-length VCAX1. A synthetic peptide corresponding to the NRR of CAX1, which can strongly inhibit Ca(2+) transport by CAX1, could not dramatically inhibit Ca(2+) transport by truncated VCAX1. The N terminus of Arabidopsis CAX3 was also shown to contain an NRR. Additions of either the CAX3 or VCAX1 regulatory regions to the N terminus of an N-terminal truncated CAX1 failed to inhibit CAX1 activity. When fused to N-terminal truncated CAX1, both the CAX3 and VCAX1 regulatory regions could only auto-inhibit CAX1 after mutagenesis of specific amino acids within this NRR region. These findings demonstrate that N-terminal regulation is present in other plant CAX transporters, and suggest distinct regulatory features among these transporters. JF - Plant physiology AU - Pittman, Jon K AU - Sreevidya, Coimbatore S AU - Shigaki, Toshiro AU - Ueoka-Nakanishi, Hanayo AU - Hirschi, Kendal D AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 1054 EP - 1062 VL - 130 IS - 2 SN - 0032-0889, 0032-0889 KW - Antiporters KW - 0 KW - Calcium-Binding Proteins KW - Cation Transport Proteins KW - Peptide Fragments KW - calcium-hydrogen antiporters KW - Histidine KW - 4QD397987E KW - Nitrogen KW - N762921K75 KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Biological Transport -- drug effects KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Fabaceae -- metabolism KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- genetics KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Arabidopsis -- genetics KW - Arabidopsis -- metabolism KW - Fabaceae -- genetics KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Plant KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Vacuoles -- metabolism KW - Mutation KW - Histidine -- pharmacology KW - Peptide Fragments -- metabolism KW - Calcium -- metabolism KW - Peptide Fragments -- genetics KW - Antiporters -- metabolism KW - Calcium -- pharmacology KW - Calcium-Binding Proteins -- genetics KW - Calcium-Binding Proteins -- metabolism KW - Antiporters -- genetics KW - Nitrogen -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72171314?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+physiology&rft.atitle=Distinct+N-terminal+regulatory+domains+of+Ca%282%2B%29%2FH%28%2B%29+antiporters.&rft.au=Pittman%2C+Jon+K%3BSreevidya%2C+Coimbatore+S%3BShigaki%2C+Toshiro%3BUeoka-Nakanishi%2C+Hanayo%3BHirschi%2C+Kendal+D&rft.aulast=Pittman&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=130&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=1054&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+physiology&rft.issn=00320889&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-06 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Feb 16;96(4):1409-14 [9990037] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Aug 6;93(16):8782-6 [8710949] Physiol Rev. 1999 Jul;79(3):763-854 [10390518] Plant Cell. 1999 Nov;11(11):2113-22 [10559438] Plant Physiol. 2000 Jan;122(1):157-68 [10631259] Eur J Biochem. 2000 May;267(10):3090-8 [10806410] Genes Dev. 2000 Jul 1;14(13):1595-604 [10887154] J Biol Chem. 2000 Jul 7;275(27):20903-10 [10767288] Plant Physiol. 2000 Sep;124(1):125-33 [10982428] Gene. 2000 Oct 31;257(2):291-8 [11080595] Plant Cell Physiol. 2000 Sep;41(9):1067-71 [11100779] Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol. 2000;51:433-62 [11543429] Trends Plant Sci. 2001 Mar;6(3):100-4 [11239607] Plant Physiol. 2001 Aug;126(4):1646-67 [11500563] Trends Plant Sci. 2001 Sep;6(9):395-7 [11544110] Anal Biochem. 2001 Nov 1;298(1):118-20 [11673903] J Biol Chem. 2001 Nov 16;276(46):43152-9 [11562366] Plant Physiol. 2001 Nov;127(3):1020-9 [11706183] Plant Physiol. 2002 Apr;128(4):1245-54 [11950973] J Biol Chem. 2002 Jul 19;277(29):26452-9 [12006570] Plant Mol Biol. 2002 Oct;50(3):475-83 [12369623] J Biol Chem. 1990 Jun 15;265(17):9617-20 [2351660] J Biol Chem. 1991 Jan 15;266(2):1014-20 [1985930] J Biol Chem. 1993 Aug 15;268(23):17120-5 [8394328] Mol Cell Biol. 1996 May;16(5):2226-37 [8628289] Eur J Biochem. 1999 Jun;262(2):417-25 [10336626] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of the Ca2+ domain in the Arabidopsis H+/Ca2+ antiporters CAX1 and CAX3. AN - 72167517; 12369623 AB - Ca2+ levels in plants are controlled in part by H+/Ca2+ exchangers. Structure/function analysis of the Arabidopsis H+/cation exchanger, CAX1, revealed that a nine amino acid region (87-95) is involved in CAX1-mediated Ca2+ specificity. CAX3 is 77% identical (93% similar) to CAX1, and when expressed in yeast, localizes to the vacuole but does not suppress yeast mutants defective in vacuolar Ca2+ transport. Transgenic tobacco plants expressing CAX3 containing the 9 amino acid Ca2+ domain (Cad) from CAX1 (CAX3-9) displayed altered stress sensitivities similar to CAX1-expressing plants, whereas CAX3-9-expressing plants did not have any altered stress sensitivities. A single leucine-to-isoleucine change at position 87 (CAX3-I) within the Cad of CAX3 allows this protein to weakly transport Ca2+ in yeast (less than 10% of CAX1). Site-directed mutagenesis of the leucine in the CAX3 Cad demonstrated that no amino acid change tested could confer more activity than CAX3-I. Transport studies in yeast demonstrated that the first three amino acids of the CAX1 Cad could confer twice the Ca2+ transport capability compared to CAX3-I. The entire Cad of CAX3 (87-95) inserted into CAX1 abolishes CAX1-mediated Ca2+ transport. However, single, double, or triple amino acid replacements within the native CAX1 Cad did not block CAX1 mediated Ca2+ transport. Together these findings suggest that other domains within CAX1 and CAX3 influence Ca2+ transport. This study has implications for the ability to engineer CAX-mediated transport in plants by manipulating Cad residues. JF - Plant molecular biology AU - Shigaki, Toshiro AU - Sreevidya, Coimbatore AU - Hirschi, Kendal D AD - Baylor College of Medicine, Plant Physiology Group, USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 475 EP - 483 VL - 50 IS - 3 SN - 0167-4412, 0167-4412 KW - Antiporters KW - 0 KW - Arabidopsis Proteins KW - Calcium-Binding Proteins KW - Cation Transport Proteins KW - Protein Isoforms KW - calcium-hydrogen antiporters KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Plants, Genetically Modified KW - Protein Isoforms -- metabolism KW - Biological Transport KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Tobacco -- genetics KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- genetics KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- metabolism KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Tobacco -- metabolism KW - Binding Sites -- genetics KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Plant KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Protein Isoforms -- genetics KW - Vacuoles -- metabolism KW - Mutation KW - Amino Acid Substitution KW - Calcium -- metabolism KW - Antiporters -- metabolism KW - Arabidopsis Proteins -- genetics KW - Calcium-Binding Proteins -- genetics KW - Calcium-Binding Proteins -- metabolism KW - Antiporters -- genetics KW - Arabidopsis Proteins -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72167517?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+molecular+biology&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+the+Ca2%2B+domain+in+the+Arabidopsis+H%2B%2FCa2%2B+antiporters+CAX1+and+CAX3.&rft.au=Shigaki%2C+Toshiro%3BSreevidya%2C+Coimbatore%3BHirschi%2C+Kendal+D&rft.aulast=Shigaki&rft.aufirst=Toshiro&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=475&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+molecular+biology&rft.issn=01674412&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-21 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modification of alternan by novel Penicillium spp. AN - 72134480; 12355315 AB - Four strains identified as Penicillium spp. were isolated from soil samples based on their capacity to modify the unique polysaccharide, alternan. Spores from these isolates germinated in medium containing alternan and reduced the apparent molecular weight of alternan as determined by high-performance size exclusion chromatography and viscometry. However, the fungi exhibited limited growth on alternan and did not consume the substrate. The rheological properties of the modified alternan resembled those of commercial gum arabic. Thus, treatment of native alternan with spores from these Penicillium spp. strains constitutes a simple bioconversion method to quantitatively produce novel and potentially useful modified alternan. JF - Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology AU - Leathers, T D AU - Nunnally, M S AU - Côté, G L AD - Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 177 EP - 180 VL - 29 IS - 4 SN - 1367-5435, 1367-5435 KW - Glucans KW - 0 KW - alternan KW - Index Medicus KW - Chromatography, Gel KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Time Factors KW - Molecular Weight KW - Penicillium -- classification KW - Penicillium -- growth & development KW - Penicillium -- metabolism KW - Glucans -- metabolism KW - Glucans -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72134480?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+industrial+microbiology+%26+biotechnology&rft.atitle=Modification+of+alternan+by+novel+Penicillium+spp.&rft.au=Leathers%2C+T+D%3BNunnally%2C+M+S%3BC%C3%B4t%C3%A9%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Leathers&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+industrial+microbiology+%26+biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-18 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Full-length genome analysis of natural isolates of vesicular stomatitis virus (Indiana 1 serotype) from North, Central and South America. AN - 72097621; 12237430 AB - Most studies on the molecular biology and functional analysis of vesicular stomatitis virus Indiana 1 serotype (VSV-IN1) are based on the only full-length genomic sequence currently deposited in GenBank. This sequence is a composite of several VSV-IN1 laboratory strains passaged extensively in tissue culture over the years and it is not certain that this sequence is representative of strains circulating in nature. We describe here the complete genomic sequence of three natural isolates, each representing a distinct genetic lineage and geographical origin: 98COE (North America), 94GUB (Central America) and 85CLB (South America). Genome structure and organization were conserved, with a 47 nucleotide 3' leader, five viral genes -- N, P, M, G and L -- and a 59 nucleotide 5' trailer. The most conserved gene was N, followed by M, L and G, with the most variable being P. Sequences containing the polyadenylation and transcription stop and start signals were completely conserved among all the viruses studied, but changes were found in the non-transcribed intergenic nucleotides, including the presence of a trinucleotide at the M-G junction of the South American lineage isolate. A 102-189 nucleotide insertion was present in the 5' non-coding region of the G gene only in the viruses within a genetic lineage from northern Central America. These full-length genomic sequences should be useful in designing diagnostic probes and in the interpretation of functional genomic analyses using reverse genetics. JF - The Journal of general virology AU - Rodriguez, Luis L AU - Pauszek, Steven J AU - Bunch, Thomas A AU - Schumann, Kate R AD - Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Orient Point, Long Island, PO Box 848 Greenport, NY 11944-0848, USA. lrodriguez@piad.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 2475 EP - 2483 VL - 83 SN - 0022-1317, 0022-1317 KW - G protein, vesicular stomatitis virus KW - 0 KW - M protein, Vesicular stomatitis virus KW - Membrane Glycoproteins KW - Nucleocapsid Proteins KW - P protein, Vesicular stomatitis virus KW - Phosphoproteins KW - RNA, Untranslated KW - RNA, Viral KW - Viral Envelope Proteins KW - Viral Matrix Proteins KW - Viral Nonstructural Proteins KW - Viral Proteins KW - Viral Structural Proteins KW - L protein, vesicular stomatitis virus KW - EC 2.7.7.48 KW - RNA Replicase KW - Index Medicus KW - Phylogeny KW - North America KW - Viral Matrix Proteins -- genetics KW - Phosphoproteins -- genetics KW - Nucleocapsid -- genetics KW - Humans KW - South America KW - Base Sequence KW - Viral Nonstructural Proteins -- genetics KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Viral Structural Proteins -- genetics KW - Central America KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional KW - RNA Replicase -- genetics KW - Viral Envelope Proteins -- genetics KW - Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus -- genetics KW - Genome, Viral KW - Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72097621?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+general+virology&rft.atitle=Full-length+genome+analysis+of+natural+isolates+of+vesicular+stomatitis+virus+%28Indiana+1+serotype%29+from+North%2C+Central+and+South+America.&rft.au=Rodriguez%2C+Luis+L%3BPauszek%2C+Steven+J%3BBunch%2C+Thomas+A%3BSchumann%2C+Kate+R&rft.aulast=Rodriguez&rft.aufirst=Luis&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=&rft.spage=2475&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+general+virology&rft.issn=00221317&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-25 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AF473864; GENBANK; AF473866; AF473865 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparing the effects of five different statins on the HDL subpopulation profiles of coronary heart disease patients. AN - 72048693; 12204809 AB - We compared the effects of five different statins (atorvastatin, simvastatin, pravastatin, lovastatin, and fluvastatin) on the lipid, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein (apo) A-I-containing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subpopulation profiles of 86 coronary heart disease (CHD) patients. Patients with established CHD, and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (C)>130 mg/dl, and triglyceride (TG)<400 mg/dl, were treated with atorvastatin 20, 40, and 80 mg/day and one of the other four statins at 20, 40, and when available 80 mg/day in increasing doses (4 weeks of each dose) in a randomized crossover fashion. There was an 8-week placebo controlled washout period between different drug treatments. All five statins on each dose resulted in significant reductions in total- and LDL-C compared to placebo treatment. There were also decreases in plasma TG and increases in HDL-C and apoA-I concentrations, but not all treatments changed these parameters significantly. Each statin except fluvastatin improved the HDL subpopulation profile by increasing the concentrations of the large, cholesterol-rich, LpA-I alpha-1 and prealpha-1 HDL subpopulations. CHD patients have significantly lower concentration of the large, LpA-I alpha-1 HDL particles compared to controls. Our data indicate that statins which are the most effective in lowering LDL-C and TG are also the most effective agents in modifying the HDL subpopulation profile in CHD patients towards the patterns found in healthy individuals. The order of efficacy of statins in increasing alpha-1 HDL subpopulation was: atorvastatin, simvastatin, pravastatin, lovastatin and fluvastatin. JF - Atherosclerosis AU - Asztalos, Bela F AU - Horvath, Katalin V AU - McNamara, Judith R AU - Roheim, Paul S AU - Rubinstein, Joel J AU - Schaefer, Ernst J AD - Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Center on Aging at Tufts University and Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Diabetes, and Molecular Medicine, New England Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA. basztalos@hnrc.tufts.edu Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 361 EP - 369 VL - 164 IS - 2 SN - 0021-9150, 0021-9150 KW - Apolipoprotein A-I KW - 0 KW - Cholesterol, HDL KW - Cholesterol, LDL KW - Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated KW - Heptanoic Acids KW - Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors KW - Indoles KW - Pyrroles KW - Atorvastatin Calcium KW - 48A5M73Z4Q KW - fluvastatin KW - 4L066368AS KW - Lovastatin KW - 9LHU78OQFD KW - Simvastatin KW - AGG2FN16EV KW - Pravastatin KW - KXO2KT9N0G KW - Index Medicus KW - Severity of Illness Index KW - Probability KW - Reference Values KW - Drug Administration Schedule KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated -- administration & dosage KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Pyrroles -- administration & dosage KW - Single-Blind Method KW - Lovastatin -- administration & dosage KW - Pravastatin -- administration & dosage KW - Adult KW - Treatment Outcome KW - Cross-Over Studies KW - Heptanoic Acids -- administration & dosage KW - Indoles -- administration & dosage KW - Middle Aged KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Maximum Tolerated Dose KW - Simvastatin -- administration & dosage KW - Male KW - Female KW - Coronary Disease -- drug therapy KW - Coronary Disease -- diagnosis KW - Cholesterol, HDL -- metabolism KW - Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors -- administration & dosage KW - Cholesterol, LDL -- drug effects KW - Apolipoprotein A-I -- drug effects KW - Apolipoprotein A-I -- metabolism KW - Cholesterol, LDL -- metabolism KW - Cholesterol, HDL -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72048693?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atherosclerosis&rft.atitle=Comparing+the+effects+of+five+different+statins+on+the+HDL+subpopulation+profiles+of+coronary+heart+disease+patients.&rft.au=Asztalos%2C+Bela+F%3BHorvath%2C+Katalin+V%3BMcNamara%2C+Judith+R%3BRoheim%2C+Paul+S%3BRubinstein%2C+Joel+J%3BSchaefer%2C+Ernst+J&rft.aulast=Asztalos&rft.aufirst=Bela&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=164&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=361&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atherosclerosis&rft.issn=00219150&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-06 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-24 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-25 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioremediation of chlorate or perchlorate contaminated water using permeable barriers containing vegetable oil. AN - 72017358; 12192528 AB - A scale model of an in situ permeable barrier, formed by injecting vegetable oil onto laboratory soil columns, was used to remove chlorate and perchlorate from flowing groundwater. The hypothesis that trapped oil would serve as a substrate enabling native microorganisms to reduce chlorate or perchlorate to chloride as water flowed through the oil-rich zone had merit. Approximately 96% of the 0.2 mM chlorate and 99% of the 0.2 mM perchlorate present in the water was removed as water was pumped through columns containing vegetable oil barriers. The product formed was chloride. When nitrate at 1.4 mM was added to the water, both nitrate and chlorate were removed. High concentrations of chlorate or perchlorate can be treated; 24 m M chlorate and 6 mM perchlorate were completely reduced to chloride during microcosm incubations. Microorganisms capable of reducing perchlorate are plentiful in the environment. JF - Current microbiology AU - Hunter, William J AD - USDA-ARS, P. O. Box E, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA. jhunter@lamar.colostate.edu Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 287 EP - 292 VL - 45 IS - 4 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - Chlorates KW - 0 KW - Nitrates KW - Nitrites KW - Perchlorates KW - Plant Oils KW - Sodium Compounds KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - sodium perchlorate KW - 97F4MTY3VA KW - Index Medicus KW - Nitrites -- analysis KW - Water Microbiology -- standards KW - Soil Microbiology -- standards KW - Models, Structural KW - Nitrites -- metabolism KW - Nitrates -- metabolism KW - Nitrites -- isolation & purification KW - Bacteria -- metabolism KW - Permeability KW - Water Supply -- standards KW - Bacteria -- classification KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Nitrates -- analysis KW - Nitrates -- isolation & purification KW - Plant Oils -- metabolism KW - Sodium Compounds -- metabolism KW - Chlorates -- metabolism KW - Water Purification -- methods KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- isolation & purification KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- metabolism KW - Perchlorates -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72017358?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+microbiology&rft.atitle=Bioremediation+of+chlorate+or+perchlorate+contaminated+water+using+permeable+barriers+containing+vegetable+oil.&rft.au=Hunter%2C+William+J&rft.aulast=Hunter&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-24 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soils, saprolite and weathered rock; major properties, hydrologic behavior, types, and national distribution from a pedologic perspective AN - 51975554; 2003-046082 AB - Information is collected on the weathering zone, including saprolite, within several meters of the ground surface as a regular part of the soil inventory process of the National Cooperative Soil Survey (NCSS). I will present an overview of the types, content, and limitations of information on weathered rock, including saprolite, found within soil survey databases (e.g. NASIS, Soils Characterization Database) at national and state scales, as well as results from ongoing National Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) investigations. Particular emphasis is placed upon the chemical, physical, and hydrologic behavior (e.g. saturated hydraulic conductivity) from a pedologic perspective, potential environmental importance, types of weathered rock, and the distributions of these materials in the US. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Schoeneberger, Philip J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 104 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 34 IS - 6 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - data processing KW - properties KW - weathering KW - spatial distribution KW - saprolite KW - physical properties KW - sedimentary rocks KW - weathered materials KW - data bases KW - chemical properties KW - Soils Characterization Database KW - NASIS KW - clastic rocks KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51975554?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Soils%2C+saprolite+and+weathered+rock%3B+major+properties%2C+hydrologic+behavior%2C+types%2C+and+national+distribution+from+a+pedologic+perspective&rft.au=Schoeneberger%2C+Philip+J%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Schoeneberger&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=104&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 2002 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chemical properties; clastic rocks; data bases; data processing; hydrology; NASIS; physical properties; properties; saprolite; sedimentary rocks; soils; Soils Characterization Database; spatial distribution; United States; weathered materials; weathering ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing sedimentation issues within aging flood control reservoirs in Oklahoma AN - 27738144; 200309-33-0178 (CE); 05526541 (EN) AB - Since 1948, the USDA-NRCS has constructed nearly 11,000 flood control dams across the United States, and many of the reservoirs are rapidly filling with sediment. To rehabilitate these structures, the impounded sediment must be assessed to determine the volume of accumulated sediment and the potential hazard this sediment may pose if reintroduced to the environment. An assessment of sedimentation issues within two reservoirs, Sugar Creek No. 12, Hinton, Oklahoma, and Sergeant Major No. 4, Cheyenne, Oklahoma, is presented. Sediment cores obtained using a vibracoring system were composed of alternating layers of gravel, sand, silt, and clay. Stratigraphic analysis coupled with super(137)Cs dating techniques enabled the discrimination of pre-construction sediment from post-construction deposition. An acoustic profiling system was unencumbered by the relatively shallow water depth at Sugar Creek No. 12 and the seismic horizons agreed well with the sediment core data. Total sediment volume determined from the acoustic survey and the sediment core data for comparable areas differed by only 1.4 percent. The seismic profiling system worked well in the relatively deeper lake of Sergeant Major No. 4 and showed good correspondence to the collected core data. Detailed chemical analyses showed that overall sediment quality was good at both locations and that chemical composition was spatially invariant. Implementation of these techniques will aid action agencies such as the USDA-NRCS in their assessment and effective management of aging flood control reservoirs. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Bennett, S J AU - Cooper, C M AU - Ritchie, J C AU - Dunbar, J A AU - Allen, P M AU - Caldwell, L W AU - McGee, T M AD - USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 1157, Oxford, Mississippi 38655, USA sjbennett@ars.usda.gov PY - 2002 SP - 1307 EP - 1322 PB - AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION, 4 West Federal St, P O Box 1626, Middleburg, VA, 20118-1626, USA, [mailto:info@awra.org], [URL:http://www.awra.org] VL - 38 IS - 5 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Reservoirs KW - Flood control KW - Chemical composition KW - Seismic engineering KW - Seismic phenomena KW - Sedimentation KW - Acoustic surveying KW - Depth profiling KW - Resource management KW - Gravel KW - Filling KW - Clay (material) KW - Construction KW - Dating techniques KW - Silts KW - Sand (material) KW - Dam construction KW - Hazards KW - Article KW - EE 40:Water Pollution: Monitoring, Control & Remediation (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/27738144?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Assessing+sedimentation+issues+within+aging+flood+control+reservoirs+in+Oklahoma&rft.au=Bennett%2C+S+J%3BCooper%2C+C+M%3BRitchie%2C+J+C%3BDunbar%2C+J+A%3BAllen%2C+P+M%3BCaldwell%2C+L+W%3BMcGee%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1307&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multiplex Fluorogenic Real-Time PCR for Detection and Quantification of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Dairy Wastewater Wetlands AN - 19767346; 5457362 AB - Surface water and groundwater are continuously used as sources of drinking water in many metropolitan areas of the United States. The quality of water from these sources may be reduced due to increases in contaminants such as Escherichia coli from urban and agricultural runoffs. In this study, a multiplex fluorogenic PCR assay was used to quantify E. coli O157:H7 in soil, manure, cow and calf feces, and dairy wastewater in an artificial wetland. Primers and probes were designed to amplify and quantify the Shiga-like toxin 1 (stx1) and 2 (stx2) genes and the intimin (eae) gene of E. coli O157:H7 in a single reaction. Primer specificity was confirmed with DNA from 33 E. coli O157:H7 and related strains with and without the three genes. A direct correlation was determined between the fluorescence threshold cycle (C sub(T)) and the starting quantity of E. coli O157:H7 DNA. A similar correlation was observed between the C sub(T) and number of CFU per milliliter used in the PCR assay. A detection limit of 7.9 x 10 super(-5) pg of E. coli O157:H7 DNA ml super(-1) equivalent to approximately 6.4 x 10 super(3) CFU of E. coli O157:H7 ml super(-1) based on plate counts was determined. Quantification of E. coli O157:H7 in soil, manure, feces, and wastewater was possible when cell numbers were [>=]3.5 x 10 super(4) CFU g super(-1). E. coli O157:H7 levels detected in wetland samples decreased by about 2 logs between wetland influents and effluents. The detection limit of the assay in soil was improved to less than 10 CFU g super(-1) with a 16-h enrichment. These results indicate that the developed PCR assay is suitable for quantitative determination of E. coli O157:H7 in environmental samples and represents a considerable advancement in pathogen quantification in different ecosystems. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Ibekwe, A M AU - Watt, P M AU - Grieve, C M AU - Sharma, V K AU - Lyons AD - USDA-ARS-George E. Brown Jr. Salinity Laboratory, 450 W. Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA 92507, aibekwe@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 4853 EP - 4862 VL - 68 IS - 10 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Shiga-like toxin 1 KW - eae gene KW - stx1 gene KW - stx2 gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Manure KW - Microbial contamination KW - Microbiological Studies KW - Urban runoff KW - Soil KW - Escherichia coli KW - Wetlands KW - Dairy Wastes KW - Feces KW - Agricultural runoff KW - Fluorescence KW - Agricultural wastes KW - Sewage ponds KW - Effluents KW - Escherichia Coli KW - Surface-groundwater Relations KW - Detection Limits KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Primers KW - Contaminants KW - Wastewater KW - Runoff KW - Intimin KW - Surface water KW - DNA probes KW - Agricultural pollution KW - Artificial wetlands KW - Probes KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Ground water KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Shiga-like toxin KW - Pollution detection KW - Cell number KW - Pathogens KW - Dairies KW - Analytical Methods KW - Colony-forming cells KW - Drinking water KW - Waste water KW - J 02410:Animal Diseases KW - P 3000:SEWAGE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - A 01108:Other water systems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19767346?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Multiplex+Fluorogenic+Real-Time+PCR+for+Detection+and+Quantification+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+in+Dairy+Wastewater+Wetlands&rft.au=Ibekwe%2C+A+M%3BWatt%2C+P+M%3BGrieve%2C+C+M%3BSharma%2C+V+K%3BLyons&rft.aulast=Ibekwe&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=4853&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.68.10.4853-4862.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fluorescence; Pollution detection; Agricultural pollution; Polymerase chain reaction; Wetlands; Sewage ponds; Microbial contamination; Waste water; Manure; Cell number; Surface water; DNA probes; Artificial wetlands; Probes; Pathogens; Effluents; Soil; Dairies; Colony-forming cells; Ground water; Primers; eae gene; Contaminants; Drinking water; Feces; Shiga-like toxin; Intimin; Runoff; Urban runoff; Agricultural wastes; Groundwater pollution; Wastewater treatment; Agricultural runoff; Escherichia Coli; Surface-groundwater Relations; Detection Limits; Analytical Methods; Dairy Wastes; Wastewater; Microbiological Studies; Escherichia coli DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.10.4853-4862.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biodegradation of Coproducts from Industrially Processed Corn in a Compost Environment AN - 19429598; 5559453 AB - Information pertaining to biodegradability of renewable polymeric material is critical for the design and development of single-use biodegradable consumer products. The rate and extent of biodegradation of corn fiber, corn zein, cornstarch, distillers grain, and corn gluten meal were evaluated in compost environments under variable temperature, pH, and moisture conditions. Generally, composts with higher temperature (40 degree C), neutral pH (7.0), and 50%-60% moisture appeared to be ideal for corn coproduct biodegradation, particularly for corn gluten meal and corn zein. Low moisture conditions slowed biodegradation considerably, but degradation rates improved when moisture content increased up to 60%. Thereafter, increased moisture particularly slowed the degradation of corn gluten meal and corn zein, whereas cornstarch degradation remained unaffected. At low pH (4.0) and high pH (11.0) the rate of degradation of most coproducts was slowed somewhat. Cornstarch degradation was slower at pH 7.0, but degradation improved with increased temperatures. Increase in compost temperature from 25 to 40 degree C (in 5 degree C increments) also improved biodegradation of corn fiber and distillers grain. Addition of 1% urea to compost as a nitrogen source decreased the extent of biodegradation nearly 40% for corn gluten meal and corn zein, and 20% for cornstarch samples. Treatment of compost with 0.02% azide inhibited biodegradation of all coproducts, suggesting that the presence of metabolically active microbial cells is required for effective degradation of biobased materials in a compost environment. JF - Journal of Polymers and the Environment AU - Imam, SH AU - Gordon, SH AD - Plant Polymer Research, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA, IMAMSH@NCAUR.USDA.GOV Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 147 EP - 154 VL - 10 IS - 4 SN - 1566-2543, 1566-2543 KW - maize KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Compost KW - Temperature effects KW - Gluten KW - Zein KW - Materials testing KW - Biodegradation KW - Consumer products KW - Composts KW - Nitrogen sources KW - Urea KW - Biodegradability KW - Fibers KW - Zea mays KW - Grain KW - Consumers KW - Polymers KW - pH effects KW - W 30950:Waste Treatment & Pollution Clean-up KW - A 01320:Microbial Degradation KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19429598?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Polymers+and+the+Environment&rft.atitle=Biodegradation+of+Coproducts+from+Industrially+Processed+Corn+in+a+Compost+Environment&rft.au=Imam%2C+SH%3BGordon%2C+SH&rft.aulast=Imam&rft.aufirst=SH&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Polymers+and+the+Environment&rft.issn=15662543&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gluten; Temperature effects; Fibers; Zein; Biodegradation; Nitrogen sources; Composts; Grain; Consumers; Urea; Biodegradability; pH effects; Compost; Materials testing; Consumer products; Polymers; Zea mays ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Case Study: Channel Stability of the Missouri River, Eastern Montana AN - 19394973; 5492206 AB - The construction of Fort Peck Dam in the 1930s on the Missouri River, eastern Montana, initiated a series of changes in hydrologic conditions and channel morphology downstream from the dam that impacted channel stability. Impacts included streambed degradation of up to 3.6 m and substantially altered magnitude, frequency, and temporal distribution of flows. To investigate the effects of the altered flow regime and bed degradation on bank stability, two independent bank-stability analyses (one for planar failures, the other for rotational failures) were performed on 17 outside meanders. Both included the effects of matric suction and positive pore-water pressures, confining pressures, and layering. Instability occurred from the loss of matric suction and the generation of positive pore-water pressures. In this semiarid region, such hydrologic conditions are most likely to occur from the maintenance of moderate and high flows (greater than 425-566 m super(3)/s) for extended periods (5-10 days or more), thereby providing a mechanism for saturation of the streambank. For the postdam period, average annual frequencies of flows maintained above 566 m super(3)/s for 5- and 10-day durations are 149 and 257% greater, respectively. The analyses indicated that 30% of the sites were susceptible to planar failures while 53% of the sites were susceptible to rotational failures under sustained moderate- and high-flow conditions, while under a worst-case rapid drawdown scenario, 80% of the banks were susceptible to failure. Despite the negative effects of the altered flow regime, analysis of maps and aerial photographs shows that closure of Fort Peck Dam has resulted in a fourfold reduction of the average rate of long-term channel migration between the dam and the North Dakota border. JF - Journal of Hydraulic Engineering AU - Simon, A AU - Thomas, R E AU - Curini, A AU - Shields, FD Jr AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, National Sedimentation Laboratory, P.O. Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655, USA, asimon@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 880 EP - 890 VL - 128 IS - 10 SN - 0733-9429, 0733-9429 KW - USA, Montana, Missouri R. KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Environmental Effects KW - Hydrological Regime KW - Drawdown KW - Hydraulic engineering KW - Failures KW - Man-induced effects KW - Stream Degradation KW - USA, North Dakota KW - Dams KW - River meanders KW - Stream Banks KW - Stream flow rate KW - Hydrology KW - Channel Morphology KW - USA, Montana KW - Dam Effects KW - Fluvial morphology KW - USA, Missouri R. KW - River flow KW - Case Studies KW - Dam control KW - Channel flow KW - River banks KW - Bank Erosion KW - Stability Analysis KW - Instability KW - M2 556.53:Rivers, Streams, Canals (556.53) KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation KW - Q2 09171:Dynamics of lakes and rivers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19394973?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydraulic+Engineering&rft.atitle=Case+Study%3A+Channel+Stability+of+the+Missouri+River%2C+Eastern+Montana&rft.au=Simon%2C+A%3BThomas%2C+R+E%3BCurini%2C+A%3BShields%2C+FD+Jr&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=128&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=880&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydraulic+Engineering&rft.issn=07339429&rft_id=info:doi/10.1061%2F%28ASCE%290733-9429%282002%29128%3A10%28880%29 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fluvial morphology; River banks; Channel flow; Hydraulic engineering; River meanders; Dams; Failures; Stream flow rate; Hydrology; Man-induced effects; River flow; Drawdown; Dam control; Instability; Environmental Effects; Hydrological Regime; Case Studies; Bank Erosion; Stream Banks; Stability Analysis; Channel Morphology; Stream Degradation; Dam Effects; USA, Missouri R.; USA, North Dakota; USA, Montana DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2002)128:10(880) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potential for increasing the amounts of bioavailable zinc in dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L) through plant breeding AN - 19379393; 8797476 AB - A whole-body radioassay procedure was used to assess the bioavailability to rats of zinc (Zn) in seeds of 18 genotypes of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L) that were grown hydroponically. Dry beans that were labelled intrinsically with 65Zn were added to test meals fed to rats that were marginally Zn-deficient. The amount of Zn in the seeds varied between genotypes and ranged from 26.7 to 62.4mgg-1 (from 0.41 to 0.95mmolg-1) dry weight (DW). Similarly, the amount of iron (Fe) in the beans varied nearly twofold (from 52.3 to 96.3mgg-1 DW), and Zn and Fe concentrations were positively correlated. Concentrations of myo-inositolhexaphosphate (IP6) plus myo-inositolpentaphosphate (IP5) varied from 18.1 to 27.3mmolg-1 DW. Cultivars with white-coloured seeds contained relatively small amounts of tannins varying from 0.12 to 0.16mgg-1 DW (determined as catechin equivalents) compared to those with coloured seed coats (up to 2.58mgg-1 DW). All rats readily ate the test meals so that Zn intake varied directly with seed-Zn concentration. As indicated by 65Zn absorption, the bioavailability to rats of Zn in the seeds varied between genotypes and ranged from about 78 to 95% of the total Zn in the seeds. The bioavailability of Zn to marginally Zn-deficient rats was not affected markedly by either IP5+IP6 or tannin in the dry beans. These results demonstrate that the concentration of Zn in dry beans can be increased through traditional plant-breeding techniques and that this may result in significant increases in the amount of bioavailable Zn in the beans. Increasing the amount of Zn in beans may contribute significantly to improving the Zn status of individuals dependent on beans as a staple food. JF - Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture AU - House, William A AU - Welch, Ross M AU - Beebe, Steven AU - Cheng, Z AD - USDA-ARS, Plant, Soil and Nutrition Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 1452 EP - 1457 PB - John Wiley & Sons, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 82 IS - 13 SN - 0022-5142, 0022-5142 KW - Pollution Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19379393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Science+of+Food+and+Agriculture&rft.atitle=Potential+for+increasing+the+amounts+of+bioavailable+zinc+in+dry+beans+%28Phaseolus+vulgaris+L%29+through+plant+breeding&rft.au=House%2C+William+A%3BWelch%2C+Ross+M%3BBeebe%2C+Steven%3BCheng%2C+Z&rft.aulast=House&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=1452&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Science+of+Food+and+Agriculture&rft.issn=00225142&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fjsfa.1146 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.1146 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Campylobacter Colonization of the Crops of Newly Hatched Leghorn Chicks AN - 19287759; 5655870 AB - We have studied colonization of crops in newly hatched leghorn chicks (a layer breed) by wild-type and mutant strains of Campylobacter jejuni. We established that the wild-type parent strain forms a stable population level within the crop and that the mutant strains will do likewise. Concentrations of mutant strains in the crop were usually below that of the wild-type parent strain and ranged from 103 to 105 colony-forming units. These results differ from results we have previously reported concerning cecal colonization, where these same mutant strains lacked colonizing ability. The present results, therefore, indicate that bacterial factors necessary for colonization of the crop are not the same as those needed for colonization of the cecum.Original Abstract: Nota de Investigacion -Colonizacion de Campylobacter en los buches de pollitos leghorn recien nacidos. capital sigma e estudio la colonizacion de cepas normales y mutantes de Campylobacter jejuni en los buches de pollitos tipo leghorn recien nacidos. Se establecio que ambos tipos de cepas, las originales o normales y las mutantes, forman una poblacion estable dentro del buche. Las concentraciones de las cepas mutantes en el buche usualmente fueron menores que la cepa original y oscilaron entre 103 y 105 unidades formadoras de colonia por ml. Estos resultados difieren de los que hemos encontrado previamente relacionados con la colonizacion cecal, donde las mismas cepas mutantes no colonizaron. Por lo tanto, estos resultados indican que los factores bacterianos necesarios para la colonizacion del buche no son los mismos que se necesitan para la colonizacion del ciego. double prime bbreviation: CFU = colony-forming units JF - Avian Diseases AU - Ziprin, R L AU - Harvey, R B AU - Hume, ME AU - Kubena, L F AD - Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 2881 F & B Road, College Station, TX 77845 Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 985 EP - 988 PB - American Association of Avian Pathologists VL - 46 IS - 4 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Colonization KW - Campylobacter jejuni KW - Cecum KW - Population levels KW - Crops KW - J 02410:Animal Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19287759?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Campylobacter+Colonization+of+the+Crops+of+Newly+Hatched+Leghorn+Chicks&rft.au=Ziprin%2C+R+L%3BHarvey%2C+R+B%3BHume%2C+ME%3BKubena%2C+L+F&rft.aulast=Ziprin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=985&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0005-2086%282002%29046%280985%3ACCOTCO%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Colonization; Cecum; Population levels; Crops; Campylobacter jejuni DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0005-2086(2002)046(0985:CCOTCO)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recovery of Campylobacter from Segments of the Reproductive Tract of Broiler Breeder Hens AN - 19285650; 5655862 AB - Three groups of >60-wk-old broiler breeder hens were assessed for the presence of Campylobacter within segments of the reproductive tract. In the first group, after stunned, the hens were bled, scalded, and defeathered, the reproductive tracts were aseptically excised from 18 hens, six from each of three adjacent floor pens that were feces positive for Campylobacter. The reproductive tract segments (infundibulum, magnum-isthmus, shell gland, vagina, and cloaca) were pooled by pen. In the second group, 10 individual hens were sampled from the pens; the reproductive tract was divided into the following segments: magnum, isthmus, shell gland, vagina, and cloaca. For the third group, hens were obtained from two commercial farms that had been determined to be feces positive for Campylobacter, and the reproductive tract was divided into five segments, as described for the second group. Segments of the reproductive tract were placed into sterile plastic bags and suspended 1:3 (w/v) in Bolton enrichment broth, and serial dilutions were plated (0.1 ml) onto Campy-Cefex agar. The agar plates were incubated at 42 C for 24 hr in a microaerobic atmosphere. In group 1, the pooled reproductive tract segments for hens from pen A were Campylobacter positive for the shell gland, vagina, and cloaca; hens from pen B were positive for the cloaca only; and hens from pen C were positive for the magnum-isthmus and cloaca. In the second group, 9 of 10 cloaca samples were Campylobacter positive. Commercial hens in group 3 had campylobacter-positive cloaca samples (12/12), vagina (10/12), shell gland (7/12), isthmus (2/12), and magnum (4/12). Campylobacter colonization of the reproductive tract of the hen could enable vertical transmission of Campylobacter from the hen to the chick.Original Abstract: Reaislamiento de Campylobacter a partir de segmentos del tracto reproductor de gallinas reproductoras de engorde. capital sigma e evaluo la presencia de Campylobacter en segmentos del tracto reproductor en tres grupos de gallinas reproductoras de engorde de 60 semanas de edad. En el primer grupo de gallinas, luego de tomar muestras de sangre, escaldarlas y retirarles las plumas, se tomaron asepticamente los tracto reproductores de 18 gallinas, seis de cada uno de tres corrales en piso adyacentes en los cuales se detecto la presencia de Campylobacter a partir de las heces. Se agruparon los tractos reproductores (infundibulum, magnum, istmo, utero, vagina y cloaca) por corral. En el segundo grupo, los tractos reproductores de un total de 10 gallinas de los tres corrales se dividieron en los siguientes segmentos: magnum, istmo, utero, vagina y cloaca. En el tercer grupo, se obtuvieron gallinas de dos granjas comerciales en las cuales se aislo el Campylobacter a partir de las heces y sus tractos reproductores se dividieron al igual que en el segundo grupo. Se depositaron los segmentos del tracto reproductor en bolsas plasticas esteriles, se resuspendieron en una dilucion 1:3 peso/volumen de caldo de cultivo enriquecido Bolton y se sembraron diluciones consecutivas (0.1 ml) en medio agar Campy-Cefex. Las placas de agar fueron incubadas a 42 C por 24 horas en una atmosfera microaerobica. En el grupo 1, se observaron tractos reproductores positivos a Campylobacter en el utero, vagina y cloaca de las gallinas del corral A, en la cloaca de las gallinas del corral B y en el magnum, istmo y cloaca de las gallinas del corral C. En el grupo 2, 9 de 10 muestras de cloaca fueron positivas a Campylobacter. En las gallinas comerciales del grupo 3, se observo la presencia de Campylobacter en muestras de cloaca (12/12), vagina (10/12), utero (7/12), istmo (2 /12) y magnum (4/12). La colonizacion del tracto reproductivo de las gallinas puede facilitar la transmision vertical del Campylobacter a la progenie. double prime bbreviation: CFU = colony-forming units JF - Avian Diseases AU - Buhr, R J AU - Cox, NA AU - Stern, N J AU - Musgrove, M T AU - Wilson, J L AU - Hiett, K L AD - Poultry Processing and Meat Quality Research Unit, USDA, ARS, Russell Research Center, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30604-5677 Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 919 EP - 924 PB - American Association of Avian Pathologists VL - 46 IS - 4 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Agar KW - Colonization KW - Farms KW - Glands KW - Vagina KW - Campylobacter KW - Shells KW - Plastics KW - Feces KW - Atmosphere KW - Disease transmission KW - J 02410:Animal Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19285650?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Recovery+of+Campylobacter+from+Segments+of+the+Reproductive+Tract+of+Broiler+Breeder+Hens&rft.au=Buhr%2C+R+J%3BCox%2C+NA%3BStern%2C+N+J%3BMusgrove%2C+M+T%3BWilson%2C+J+L%3BHiett%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Buhr&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=919&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0005-2086%282002%29046%280919%3AROCFSO%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Colonization; Agar; Farms; Glands; Vagina; Plastics; Shells; Feces; Atmosphere; Disease transmission; Campylobacter DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0005-2086(2002)046(0919:ROCFSO)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recruitment potential of two perennial grasses with different growth forms at a semiarid-arid transition zone AN - 19229176; 5780084 AB - The objective of this study was to quantify differences in recruitment potential (seed production, seed presence in the soil) for two congeneric perennial grasses (Bouteloua gracilis, Bouteloua eriopoda [Poaceae]) that dominate adjacent arid and semiarid grassland biomes. It was hypothesized that these species have different recruitment strategies at the biome transition zone that are related to differences in their growth form and longevity. Recruitment potential for each Bouteloua species was compared in patches dominated by one or both species or codominated by the invasive shrub, Larrea tridentata (Zygophyllaceae). Regional variation in recruitment was examined for B. gracilis for cases in which comparable data were available in the literature for a site located within the semiarid grassland biome. The short-lived stoloniferous species B. eriopoda produced more seeds per plant than the long-lived bunchgrass B. gracilis, yet seed viability (90%) than that of B. eriopoda, and a greater percentage of seeds produced on a square meter basis was found in the soil (10-25%). Similar patterns were found for both species in all grass-dominated patches. Bouteloua eriopoda plants growing in patches codominated by L. tridentata produced fewer seeds per plant with lower viability, and fewer seeds were found in the soil compared to grass-dominated patches. Regional comparisons found greater seed production per square meter and more seeds in the soil for B. gracilis at the transitional site compared with a cooler, wetter site located within the semiarid grassland biome. These differences in recruitment potential along with published differences in rates of seedling establishment and vegetative spread may explain, at least in part, localized patterns in species dominance. JF - American Journal of Botany AU - Peters, DPC AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Jornada Experimental Range, Box 30003, MSC 3JER, NMSU, Las Cruces, NM 88003-0003, USA Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 1616 EP - 1623 VL - 89 IS - 10 SN - 0002-9122, 0002-9122 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Bouteloua gracilis KW - Larrea tridentata KW - Bouteloua eriopoda KW - Semiarid environments KW - Grasses KW - Recruitment KW - D 04636:Grasses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19229176?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Botany&rft.atitle=Recruitment+potential+of+two+perennial+grasses+with+different+growth+forms+at+a+semiarid-arid+transition+zone&rft.au=Peters%2C+DPC&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=DPC&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1616&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Botany&rft.issn=00029122&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bouteloua gracilis; Bouteloua eriopoda; Larrea tridentata; Recruitment; Grasses; Semiarid environments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immune responses of bison to ballistic or hand vaccination with Brucella abortus strain RB51 AN - 19162906; 5744361 AB - From January through July of 2000, a study was conducted to evaluate clearance, immunologic responses, and potential shedding of Brucella abortus strain RB51 (SRB51) following ballistic or subcutaneous (SQ) vaccination of 7 mo old bison (Bison bison) calves. Ten bison calves were vaccinated SQ with 1.4 x 10 super(10) colony-forming units (CFU) of SRB51 and five calves were inoculated SQ with sterile 0.15 M sodium chloride. An additional 10 bison calves were ballistically inoculated in the rear leg musculature with 1 x 10 super(10) CFU of SRB51 and five calves were ballistically inoculated with an empty Biobullet registered . Serologic responses were monitored at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18, and 24 wk using the standard tube agglutination test and a dot-blot assay. Swabs from rectal, vaginal, nasal, and ocular mucosal surfaces, and blood were obtained for culture from all bison at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks post-inoculation to evaluate potential shedding by vaccinated bison or persistent septicemia. The superficial cervical lymph node was biopsied in eight ballistic and eight hand vaccinated bison at 6 or 12 wk to evaluate clearance of the vaccine strain from lymphatic tissues. Lymphocyte proliferative responses to irradiated SRB51 bacteria were evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) at 4, 6, 8, 12, 18, and 24 wk after inoculation. Serum obtained from hand or ballistically vaccinated bison demonstrated antibody responses on the dot-blot assay that were greater than control bison (saline or empty Biobullet registered ) at 2, 4, 6, and 8 wk after vaccination. Antibody titers of ballistically vaccinated bison did not differ (P>0.05) from hand vaccinated bison at any sampling time. Blood samples obtained from all bison at 2, 4, 6 and 8 wk after vaccination were negative for SRB51. One colony of SRB51 was recovered from the vaginal swab of one ballistically vaccinated bison at 2 wk after vaccination. All other ocular, vaginal, nasal, and rectal swabs were culture negative for SRB51. Strain RB51 was recovered from superficial cervical lymph nodes of hand and ballistic vaccinated bison at 6 (two of four and two of four bison, respectively) and 12 wk (three of four and one of four bison, respectively). Serologic tests and bacterial culture techniques failed to demonstrate infection of nonvaccinated bison. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from hand vaccinated bison had greater (P0.05) at any sampling time from proliferative responses of PBMC from control bison. Serum alpha sub(1)-acid glycoprotein concentrations, plasma fibrinogen, and total protein concentrations were not influenced by treatments. Ballistic delivery of SRB51 did not induce adverse effects or influence clearance of the vaccine strain. There were no proliferative responses of PBMC to SRB51 in bison ballistically vaccinated with SRB51; whereas bison inoculated with SRB51 by hand injection had greater proliferative responses than control or ballistically vaccinated bison. Our study suggests that ballistic delivery may require a greater dose of SRB51 to induce cell-mediated immune responses in bison that are comparable to those induced by hand injection, and that ballistic or hand delivery of 1 x 10 super(10) CFU of SRB51 is safe in bison calves. JF - Journal of Wildlife Diseases AU - Olsen, S C AU - Kreeger, T J AU - Schultz, W AD - Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010, USA, Solsen@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 738 EP - 745 VL - 38 IS - 4 SN - 0090-3558, 0090-3558 KW - ballistic delivery KW - shedding KW - American Bison KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Immune response (cell-mediated) KW - Brucella abortus KW - Bison bison KW - Clearance KW - Vaccination KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19162906?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.atitle=Immune+responses+of+bison+to+ballistic+or+hand+vaccination+with+Brucella+abortus+strain+RB51&rft.au=Olsen%2C+S+C%3BKreeger%2C+T+J%3BSchultz%2C+W&rft.aulast=Olsen&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=738&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.issn=00903558&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bison bison; Brucella abortus; Vaccination; Clearance; Immune response (cell-mediated) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immune responses of elk to vaccination with Brucella abortus strain RB51 AN - 19152171; 5744363 AB - In a study conducted from January to August 2000, elk (Cervus elaphus) were vaccinated with Brucella abortus strain RB51 (SRB51, n = 6) or injected with 0.15 M NaCl solution (n = 3) at approximately 6 mo of age. Beginning at 2 wk and continuing to 25 wk after vaccination, SRB51-vaccinated elk had greater antibody responses (P<0.05) to SRB51 when compared to nonvaccinated elk. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from SRB51-vaccinated elk had greater (P<0.05) proliferative responses to SRB51 at 18 wk after vaccination when compared to responses of nonvaccinated elk. Strain RB51 was recovered from blood samples of all vaccinates at 2 wk, and three of six vaccinates at 4 wk after vaccination. The SRB51 vaccine strain was recovered from the superficial cervical lymph node of all vaccinates sampled at 6 wk after vaccination, but not from lymph node samples obtained from vaccinates at 12 or 18 wk after vaccination. At 34 wk after vaccination, SRB51 was recovered from the bronchial lymph node of one of five vaccinates but not from other tissues. Strain RB51 was not recovered at any time from samples obtained from nonvaccinated elk. This study suggests that following vaccination with SRB51, elk remain bacteremic for a prolonged period of time, rapidly develop high antibody titers, and are slower to develop detectable proliferative responses in PBMC when compared to responses of cattle or bison (Bison bison). JF - Journal of Wildlife Diseases AU - Olsen, S C AU - Kreeger, T J AU - Palmer, M V AD - Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010, USA, Solsen@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 746 EP - 751 VL - 38 IS - 4 SN - 0090-3558, 0090-3558 KW - American Bison KW - Wapiti KW - Rocky Mountain elk KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Antibodies KW - Cervus elaphus nelsoni KW - Bacteremia KW - Brucella abortus KW - Bison bison KW - Peripheral blood KW - Immune response (humoral) KW - Lymph nodes KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19152171?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.atitle=Immune+responses+of+elk+to+vaccination+with+Brucella+abortus+strain+RB51&rft.au=Olsen%2C+S+C%3BKreeger%2C+T+J%3BPalmer%2C+M+V&rft.aulast=Olsen&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=746&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.issn=00903558&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cervus elaphus nelsoni; Bison bison; Brucella abortus; Lymph nodes; Antibodies; Bacteremia; Peripheral blood; Immune response (humoral) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Agrichemical transport to groundwater through Coastal Plain soils AN - 18924015; 5648564 AB - A 1-ha field with Pine Flat loamy sand (coarse-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Paleudult) and Troup loamy sand (loamy, siliceous, thermic Grossarenic Kandiudult) surface soils, located near Plains, Georgia, was studied for four years (1993 to 1996) to evaluate potential agrichemical transport to groundwater. The field was managed to produce summer corn and winter wheat. Commercial fertilizer, the herbicide atrazine, and the insecticide carbofuran were applied to the field in 1993, 1994, and 1995. Average annual application rates were 266 kg nitrogen ha super(-1), 2.5 kg atrazine ha super(-1), and 2.4 kg carbofuran ha super(-1). Monthly soil-water and groundwater samples were collected. The samples were analyzed for nitrate nitrogen (NO sub(3) super(-)-N), chloride, atrazine, carbofuran, and deethylatrazine (DEA). Soil-water and groundwater samples indicated elevated NO sub(3) super(-)-N concentrations (>5 ppm) in the vadose zone at 4.3 m and in the aquifer at 10 m (>4 ppm). Of the studied pesticides, carbofuran and DEA were observed at the greatest concentrations in groundwater. Both NO sub(3) super(-)-N and pesticides were transported during groundwater recharge following periods of excess precipitation. Peak pesticide concentrations in groundwater were observed in late 1994, driven by a large precipitation event in July of 1994 when 565 mm of rain fell over a 4-day period. Atrazine and carbofuran concentrations in groundwater did not exceed the EPA maximum contaminant levels of 3 ppb and 40 ppb, respectively. Spatially averaged concentrations observed in monthly groundwater collected directly below the field were well below these standards. Concentrations of NO sub(3) super(-)-N, atrazine, DEA, and carbofuran observed in groundwater from the on-field wells were significantly different from up-gradient and down-gradient concentrations (p = 0.05). These data indicate a significant impact to the local groundwater. Nitrate N was transported down-gradient from the field at the largest concentrations. Peak concentrations of atrazine and DEA were simultaneously observed in the groundwater, indicating similar transport rates for both compounds and rapid transformation from atrazine into DEA in the root-zone. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Bosch, D D AU - Truman, C C AD - USDA-ARS, Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 946, Tifton, GA 31793, USA, dbosch@tifton.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 1385 EP - 1396 VL - 45 IS - 5 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Aquifers KW - Agricultural Runoff KW - Nitrates KW - Water Pollution Sources KW - Nonpoint Pollution Sources KW - Chlorides KW - USA, Georgia KW - Groundwater Pollution KW - Soil Water KW - Fertilizers KW - Insecticides KW - Pesticides KW - Atrazine KW - Wheat KW - Groundwater Recharge KW - Nitrogen KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18924015?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Agrichemical+transport+to+groundwater+through+Coastal+Plain+soils&rft.au=Bosch%2C+D+D%3BTruman%2C+C+C&rft.aulast=Bosch&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1385&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aquifers; Agricultural Runoff; Nitrates; Water Pollution Sources; Chlorides; Nonpoint Pollution Sources; Groundwater Pollution; Soil Water; Fertilizers; Insecticides; Atrazine; Pesticides; Wheat; Groundwater Recharge; Nitrogen; USA, Georgia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drainage characteristics of a Southern Piedmont soil following six years of conventionally tilled or no-till cropping systems AN - 18920014; 5648567 AB - Site-specific soil water movement research is needed in order to fully understand chemical movement into subsurface water bodies. Water flow paths depend on soil, climate, topography, and management practices. In this study, we evaluated drainage and drainage hydrographs over a 12-month period from a Southern Piedmont Cecil sandy loam following a combined six years of corn/rye and cotton/rye cropping system under no-till or conventionally tilled treatments. No-till exhibited significantly higher mean and peak drainage rates, drainage in the rising and recession limbs of hydrographs as well as total drainage, and total drainage time, compared to conventional tillage treatments (P < 0.05). The recession time constant of the hydrographs, an index of the structural macropore development in the soil above the water table, was significantly less in the no-till than conventional tillage, which indicated that no-till had less tortuous water flow paths. No-till, therefore, enhanced water movement into deeper profiles in a Cecil sandy loam. Additional longer-period data would be useful to further evaluate temporal, environmental, and management factors that affect drainage under no-till. A study of the implications of more drainage in no-till for nutrient and chemical losses in these systems is pending. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Endale, D M AU - Radcliffe, DE AU - Steiner, J L AU - Cabrera, M L AD - USDA/ARS, 1420 Experiment Station Road, Watkinsville, GA 30677, USA, dendale@arches.uga.edu Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 1423 EP - 1432 VL - 45 IS - 5 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Soil Water Movement KW - Subsurface Water KW - Agricultural Runoff KW - Cotton KW - Drainage KW - Flow Discharge KW - Water Table KW - Tillage KW - Corn KW - Agricultural Practices KW - Macropores KW - Hydrographs KW - Cultivated Lands KW - Topography KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18920014?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Drainage+characteristics+of+a+Southern+Piedmont+soil+following+six+years+of+conventionally+tilled+or+no-till+cropping+systems&rft.au=Endale%2C+D+M%3BRadcliffe%2C+DE%3BSteiner%2C+J+L%3BCabrera%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Endale&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1423&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Subsurface Water; Soil Water Movement; Agricultural Runoff; Cotton; Drainage; Flow Discharge; Water Table; Tillage; Agricultural Practices; Corn; Hydrographs; Macropores; Cultivated Lands; Topography ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A strip model approach to parameterize a coupled green-ampt kinematic wave model AN - 18909082; 5526544 AB - Infiltration processes at the plot scale are often described and modeled using a single effective hydraulic conductivity (K sub(e)) value. This can lead to errors in runoff and erosion prediction. An integrated field measurement and modeling study was conducted to evaluate: (1) the relationship among rainfall intensity, spatially variable soil and vegetation characteristics, and infiltration processes; and (2) how this relationship could be modeled using Green and Ampt and a spatially distributed hydrologic model. Experiments were conducted using a newly developed variable intensity rainfall simulator on 2 m by 6 m plots in a rangeland watershed in southeastern Arizona. Rainfall application rates varied between 50 and 200 mm/hr. Results of the rainfall simulator experiments showed that the observed hydrologic response changed with changes in rainfall intensity and that the response varied with antecedent moisture condition. A distributed process based hydrologic simulation model was used to model the plots at different levels of hydrologic complexity. The measurement and simulation model results show that the rainfall runoff relationship cannot be accurately described or modeled using a single K sub(e) value at the plot scale. Multi-plane model configurations with infiltration parameters based on soil and plot characteristics resulted in a significant improvement over single-plane configurations. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Paige, G B AU - Stone, J J AU - Guertin, D P AU - Lane, L J AD - USDA-ARS, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719, USA, gpaige@tucson.ars.ag.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 1363 EP - 1377 VL - 38 IS - 5 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - USA, Arizona KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Freshwater KW - SW 0810:General KW - Q5 01521:Mechanical and natural changes KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18909082?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=A+strip+model+approach+to+parameterize+a+coupled+green-ampt+kinematic+wave+model&rft.au=Paige%2C+G+B%3BStone%2C+J+J%3BGuertin%2C+D+P%3BLane%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Paige&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1363&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of competition and adverse culture conditions on aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus through successive generations AN - 18823726; 5705818 AB - Strains of Aspergillus flavus often degenerate with serial transfers on culture media, resulting in morphological changes and loss of aflatoxin production. However, degeneration does not readily occur in nature as indicated by the wild-type morphological characters of newly isolated strains and the high percentage of aflatoxigenic A. flavus from soil and crops in some geographic regions. In this study, three aflatoxin-producing strains of A. flavus were serially transferred using conidia for 20 generations (three independent generation lines per strain) on potato dextrose agar at 30 C. The rate of degeneration was compared to that of cultures grown in the presence of competing fungi (A. terreus, Penicillium funiculosum, and the yeast, Pichia guilliermondii) and under adverse conditions of elevated temperature, reduced water activity, low pH, and nutrient deprivation. Formation of morphological variants and the associated loss of aflatoxin production over generations varied considerably according to strain and the generation line within each strain. In the strain most sensitive to degeneration on potato dextrose agar, aflatoxin-producing ability was maintained to varying degrees under adverse culture conditions, but not when A. flavus was competing with other fungi. JF - Mycologia AU - Horn, B W AU - Dorner, J W AD - National Peanut Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Dawson, Georgia 31742, USA, bhorn@nprl.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 741 EP - 751 VL - 94 IS - 5 SN - 0027-5514, 0027-5514 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - K 03040:Fungi KW - A 01023:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18823726?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycologia&rft.atitle=Effect+of+competition+and+adverse+culture+conditions+on+aflatoxin+production+by+Aspergillus+flavus+through+successive+generations&rft.au=Horn%2C+B+W%3BDorner%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Horn&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=741&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycologia&rft.issn=00275514&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Accidental Ammonia Exposure to County Fair Show Livestock Due to Contaminated Drinking Water AN - 18690922; 5574271 AB - Nitrogen based fertilizers represent an important element in the farm economy, but their storage and use are associated with major risks to livestock and humans. An accidental ammonia exposure occurred at a Midwest county fair in Illinois. Six deaths occurred in show livestock; a Holstein cow, 3 Holstein heifers, a goat, and a lamb. Mortality was associated with consumption of water inadvertently contaminated with a liquid fertilizer containing ammonium nitrate and urea commonly used for irrigating agricultural crop fields and brought onto the fairgrounds by a tanker truck previously used to transport liquid fertilizer. The show animals that drank the contaminated water immediately became ill, developed seizures and died within a few hours. Postmortem findings were unremarkable to nonspecific. Rumen contents from the lamb, Holstein cow, and Holstein heifer had ammonia-nitrogen concentrations of 1,000, 1,150 and 1,440 ppm, respectively. Water from the heifer's water bucket, the cow's water bucket, and the tanker truck, had nitrate levels of 6,336, 6,116, and 6,248 ppm, respectively. The ammonia toxicosis was attributed to the contaminated water brought onto the fairgrounds by the tanker truck that previously transported liquid ammonium nitrate and urea. This accident underscores the importance of meticulous observation of safety guidelines and measured working practices in agriculture and animal husbandry. JF - Veterinary and Human Toxicology AU - Campagnolo, E R AU - Kasten, S AU - Banerjee, M AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, 2815 Old Jacksonville Road, Suite 104, Springfield, IL 62704, USA Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 282 EP - 288 VL - 44 IS - 5 SN - 0145-6296, 0145-6296 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18690922?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+and+Human+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Accidental+Ammonia+Exposure+to+County+Fair+Show+Livestock+Due+to+Contaminated+Drinking+Water&rft.au=Campagnolo%2C+E+R%3BKasten%2C+S%3BBanerjee%2C+M&rft.aulast=Campagnolo&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=282&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+and+Human+Toxicology&rft.issn=01456296&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Control of in vitro contamination of explants from greenhouse- and field-grown trees AN - 18686986; 5574989 AB - Controlling fungal and bacterial contamination of woody plant material can be extremely difficult. Isothiazolone biocides and sodium dichloroisocyanurate have been used singly and in combination to reduce microbial contamination in bud explants derived from greenhouse- and field-grown citrus trees. Explants from greenhouse-grown trees were effectively disinfested (< 5% vs. 85% contamination) using a 'standard' disinfestation (SD) procedure followed by culture on medium containing 5 ml l super(-1) Plant Preservative Mixture, or by the SD procedure but substituting 300 ppm sodium dichloroisocyanurate for 48 h for the treatment with 1.05% NaOCl in the SD procedure. Disinfestation of explants from field-grown trees was less effective than explants from the greenhouse, but was improved (10% vs. 47% contamination) by using a combination of the SD procedure with 1.05% NaOCl, or 100 or 300 ppm sodium dichloroisocyanurate followed by culture onto medium containing 5 ml l super(-1) Plant Preservative Mixture. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant AU - Niedz, R P AU - Bausher, M G AD - US Department of Agriculture, ARS, USHRL, 2001 South Rock Road, Ft. Pierce, FL 34945-3030, USA, rniedz@ushrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 468 EP - 471 VL - 38 IS - 5 SN - 1054-5476, 1054-5476 KW - isothiazolone KW - sodium dichloroisocyanurate KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W2 32440:Plant breeding KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18686986?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.atitle=Control+of+in+vitro+contamination+of+explants+from+greenhouse-+and+field-grown+trees&rft.au=Niedz%2C+R+P%3BBausher%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Niedz&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=468&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.issn=10545476&rft_id=info:doi/10.1079%2FIVP2002316 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/IVP2002316 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Persistence and functional impact of a microbial inoculant on native microbial community structure, nutrient digestion and fermentation characteristics in a rumen model AN - 18676344; 5568888 AB - Small sub-unit (SSU) rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes were used to monitor the persistence of a genetically engineered bacterium inoculated in model rumens. Eight dual flow continuous culture fermenters were operated with either standard artificial saliva buffer or buffer with chondroitin sulfate (0.5 g/l) added. After 168 h of operation, fermenters were inoculated with Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron BTX (BTX), at approximately 1% of total bacteria. B. thetaiotaomicron was quantified using a species-specific probe and shown to persist in fermenters 144 h after inoculation (relative abundance 0.48% and 1.42% of total SSU rRNA with standard and chondroitin sulfate buffers, respectively). No B. thetaiotaomicron SSU rRNA was detected in fermenter samples prior to inoculation with strain BTX. Relative abundances of Bacteria, Eucarya and Archaea were not affected by either inoculation or buffer type. Fiber digestion, in particular the hemicellulose fraction, increased after strain BTX addition. Chondroitin sulfate addition to the buffer increased bacterial nitrogen flow in fermenters, but did not alter fiber digestion. Neither inoculum nor buffer type altered total short chain fatty acid (VFA) concentrations but proportions of individual VFA differed. In model rumens, B. thetaiotaomicron BTX increased fiber digestion when added to mixed ruminal microbes, independent of chondroitin sulfate addition; but further study is needed to determine effects on other fiber-digesting bacteria. JF - Systematic and Applied Microbiology AU - Ziemer, C J AU - Sharp, R AU - Stern, MD AU - Cotta, MA AU - Whitehead, T R AU - Stahl, DA AD - Fermentation Biochemistry Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, ARS, USDA, Peoria, Illinois, USA, cottama@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 416 EP - 422 VL - 25 IS - 3 SN - 0723-2020, 0723-2020 KW - Chondroitin sulfate KW - rRNA KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18676344?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Systematic+and+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Persistence+and+functional+impact+of+a+microbial+inoculant+on+native+microbial+community+structure%2C+nutrient+digestion+and+fermentation+characteristics+in+a+rumen+model&rft.au=Ziemer%2C+C+J%3BSharp%2C+R%3BStern%2C+MD%3BCotta%2C+MA%3BWhitehead%2C+T+R%3BStahl%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Ziemer&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=416&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Systematic+and+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=07232020&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Distribution and Spread of Sorghum Downy Mildew in Sorghum and Maize Fields in Nigeria and Zimbabwe AN - 18631121; 5536244 AB - Sorghum downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sorghi, SDM) is a damaging disease of sorghum and maize crops in Africa. Runs analysis was used to study the distribution of systemically infected sorghum and maize plants in Nigeria and Zimbabwe. The temporal and spatial development of local lesions of SDM on sorghum in Zimbabwe was investigated by assessing the local lesion symptoms caused by conidia in plots with a single point source of inoculum. With ordinary runs analysis, there was evidence of clustering of disease in some fields in the humid areas of Nigeria and the semi-arid areas of Nigeria and Zimbabwe. Clustering was found in two of the eight runs analyses performed on maize in the humid south of Nigeria, and in only one of the eight runs in Zimbabwe, which was interpreted as a predominance of random infection at the time of assessment and at the spatial scales assessed. Symptoms of local lesions of SDM developed rapidly across plots from an introduced point source of infection. After 9 days-exposure to the source of inoculum, the incidence of diseased leaves was 1.2%, and after 50 days it was 74.5%. A disease gradient which initially developed flattened as the plot became uniformly diseased. The predominant wind direction was NNE, and most rapid spread of disease was towards the SSW and WSW. In conclusion, local lesions can spread rapidly in sorghum crops, suggesting that they may be an important source of conidial inoculum for further local and systemic infections during the growing season. JF - European Journal of Plant Pathology AU - Bock, C AU - Jeger, M AD - Natural Resources Institute, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK (Current address: Department of Plant Pathology, USDA-ARS-USHRL, 2001 South Rock Rd., Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA), cbock@ushrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 745 EP - 753 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 108 IS - 8 SN - 0929-1873, 0929-1873 KW - maize KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01028:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18631121?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=The+Distribution+and+Spread+of+Sorghum+Downy+Mildew+in+Sorghum+and+Maize+Fields+in+Nigeria+and+Zimbabwe&rft.au=Bock%2C+C%3BJeger%2C+M&rft.aulast=Bock&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=745&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=European+Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=09291873&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Erigeron witches'-broom phytoplasma in Brazil represents new subgroup VII-B in 16S rRNA gene group VII, the ash yellows phytoplasma group AN - 18630301; 5513398 AB - A previously undescribed phytoplasma, Erigeron witches'-broom phytoplasma, was detected in diseased plants of Erigeron sp. and Catharanthus roseus exhibiting symptoms of witches'-broom and chlorosis in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. On the basis of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of 16S rDNA amplified in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Erigeron witches'-broom phytoplasma was classified in group 16SrVII (ash yellows phytoplasma group), new subgroup VII-B. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA sequences indicated that this phytoplasma represents a new lineage that is distinct from that of described strains of ash yellows phytoplasma. Erigeron witches'-broom phytoplasma is the first member of the ash yellows phytoplasma group to be recorded in Brazil. JF - Plant Disease AU - Barros, TSL AU - Davis, R E AU - Resende, RO AU - Dally, EL AD - USDA-ARS, Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, davisr@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 1142 EP - 1148 VL - 86 IS - 10 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - phytoplasma KW - witches' broom KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01024:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18630301?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Erigeron+witches%27-broom+phytoplasma+in+Brazil+represents+new+subgroup+VII-B+in+16S+rRNA+gene+group+VII%2C+the+ash+yellows+phytoplasma+group&rft.au=Barros%2C+TSL%3BDavis%2C+R+E%3BResende%2C+RO%3BDally%2C+EL&rft.aulast=Barros&rft.aufirst=TSL&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1142&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Direct estimation of aboveground forest productivity through hyperspectral remote sensing of canopy nitrogen AN - 18623523; 5526878 AB - The concentration of nitrogen in foliage has been related to rates of net photosynthesis across a wide range of plant species and functional groups and thus represents a simple and biologically meaningful link between terrestrial cycles of carbon and nitrogen. Although foliar N is used by ecosystem models to predict rates of leaf-level photosynthesis, it has rarely been examined as a direct scalar to stand-level carbon gain. Establishment of such relationships would greatly simplify the nature of forest C and N linkages, enhancing our ability to derive estimates of forest productivity at landscape to regional scales. Here, we report on a highly predictive relationship between whole-canopy nitrogen concentration and aboveground forest productivity in diverse forested stands of varying age and species composition across the 360,000-ha White Mountain National Forest, New Hampshire, USA. We also demonstrate that hyperspectral remote sensing can be used to estimate foliar N concentration, and hence forest production across a large number of contiguous images. Together these data suggest that canopy-level N concentration is an important correlate of productivity in these forested systems, and that imaging spectrometry of canopy N can provide direct estimates of forest productivity across large landscapes. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Smith, M-L AU - Hallett, R A AU - Ollinger, S V AU - Martin, ME AU - Aber, J D AU - Goodale, CL AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 1286 EP - 1302 PB - Ecological Society of America VL - 12 IS - 5 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - D 04120:Woodlands UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18623523?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=Direct+estimation+of+aboveground+forest+productivity+through+hyperspectral+remote+sensing+of+canopy+nitrogen&rft.au=Smith%2C+M-L%3BHallett%2C+R+A%3BOllinger%2C+S+V%3BMartin%2C+ME%3BAber%2C+J+D%3BGoodale%2C+CL&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=M-L&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1286&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil Temperature and Moisture Fluctuations During and After Prescribed Fire in Mixed-Oak Forests, USA AN - 18620691; 5524430 AB - Prescribed fire is a commonly used management tool in eastern United States forests, but few studies have documented the effects of prescribed fire on soil temperature and moisture. Prescribed fires were conducted in March 1999, in mixed-oak forests in Vinton County, Ohio, USA, that had been burned either once in 1996 (infrequent burn treatment) or annually from 1996 to 1999 (frequent burn treatment). During the fires, seven electronic sensors recorded soil temperatures every 2 seconds at a depth of 1 cm. Following the fires, soil temperatures were monitored with 12 sensors on burned and unburned areas from April to October. Also at the sensor locations, soil moisture was determined gravimetrically six times during the growing season. Surface fires generally had flame lengths less than 1 m, and averaged 222 degree C at 10 cm above the forest floor. Soil temperatures spiked as the fire passed over, averaging 9.3 degree C higher than before the fire and lasting approximately six minutes. Soils returned to preburn temperatures within 1.5-4.7 h of the burns depending on time of burn. In the following months, soils in the burned landscapes were warmer, especially on xeric, south-facing sites. Compared to unburned controls, maximum daily soil temperatures averaged 3.5 degree C-5.7 degree C higher on the burned xeric sites but only 0.5 degree C-0.6 degree C higher on burned mesic, north-facing sites during the first 30 days after the fires and prior to canopy closure. Maximum daily soil temperatures on burned plots were more than 13 degree C warmer than unburned plots on several days during this same period. The elevated temperatures lasted about 75 days on the burned mesic sites and 155 days on the burned xeric sites. On xeric sites, soil moisture was lower on burned vs. control sites for the early part of the growing season before green-up and canopy closure; on mesic sites, controls had similar soil moisture as burned sites throughout the period. While the immediate, direct effects of fire on soil temperature and moisture probably were ecologically insignificant, the indirect biological effects that persisted throughout the growing season, particularly on xeric sites, are likely to be important in belowground processes. JF - Natural Areas Journal AU - Iverson, L R AU - Hutchinson, T F AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, 359 Main Road, Delaware, Ohio 43015 USA, liverson@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 296 EP - 304 VL - 22 IS - 4 SN - 0885-8608, 0885-8608 KW - prescribed fires KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Fires KW - Soil temperature KW - Forests KW - USA, Ohio KW - Soil moisture KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04600:Soil UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18620691?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Areas+Journal&rft.atitle=Soil+Temperature+and+Moisture+Fluctuations+During+and+After+Prescribed+Fire+in+Mixed-Oak+Forests%2C+USA&rft.au=Iverson%2C+L+R%3BHutchinson%2C+T+F&rft.aulast=Iverson&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=296&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Areas+Journal&rft.issn=08858608&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fires; Forests; Soil temperature; Soil moisture; USA, Ohio ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of unique or elevated levels of kernel proteins in aflatoxin-resistant maize genotypes through proteome analysis AN - 18618904; 5513363 AB - Aflatoxins are carcinogens produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus during infection of susceptible crops such as maize (Zea mays L.). Resistant maize genotypes have been identified, but the incorporation of resistance into commercial lines has been slow due to the lack of selectable markers. Here we report the identification of potential markers in resistant maize lines using a proteomics approach. Kernel embryo proteins from each of two resistant genotypes have been compared with those from a composite of five susceptible genotypes using large format two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Through these comparisons, both quantitative and qualitative differences have been identified. Protein spots have been sequenced, and based on peptide sequence homology analysis, are categorized as follows: storage proteins (globulin 1 and globulin 2), late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins related to drought or desiccation (LEA3 and LEA14), water- or osmo-stress related proteins (WSI18 and aldose reductase), and heat-stress related proteins (HSP16.9). Aldose reductase activity measured in resistant and susceptible genotypes before and after infection suggests the importance of constitutive levels of this enzyme to resistance. Results of this study point to a correlation between host resistance and stress tolerance. The putative function of each identified protein is discussed. JF - Phytopathology AU - Chen, Z-Y AU - Brown, R L AU - Damann, KE AU - Cleveland, TE AD - Southern Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA, rbrown@nola.srrc.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 1084 EP - 1094 VL - 92 IS - 10 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - HSP16.9 protein KW - LEA3 protein KW - WSI18 protein KW - aflatoxins KW - globulin 1 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18618904?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+unique+or+elevated+levels+of+kernel+proteins+in+aflatoxin-resistant+maize+genotypes+through+proteome+analysis&rft.au=Chen%2C+Z-Y%3BBrown%2C+R+L%3BDamann%2C+KE%3BCleveland%2C+TE&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Z-Y&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1084&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Strawberry anthracnose: Histopathology of Colletotrichum acutatum and C. fragariae AN - 18615426; 5513359 AB - Ontogeny of the invasion process by Colletotrichum acutatum and C. fragariae was studied on petioles and stolons of the strawberry cultivar Chandler using light and electron microscopy. The invasion of host tissue by each fungal species was similar; however, each invasion event occurred more rapidly with C. fragariae than with C. acutatum. Following cuticular penetration via an appressorium, subsequent steps of invasion involved hyphal growth within the cuticle and within the cell walls of epidermal, subepidermal, and subtending cells. Both species of fungi began invasion with a brief biotrophic phase before entering an extended necrotrophic phase. Acervuli formed once the cortical tissue had been moderately disrupted and began with the development of a stroma just beneath the outer periclinal epidermal walls. Acervuli erupted through the cuticle and released conidia. Invasion of the vascular tissue typically occurred after acervulus maturation and remained minimal. Chitin distribution in walls of C. fragariae was visualized with gold-labeled wheat germ agglutinin. The outer layer of bilayered walls of conidia, germ tubes, and appressoria contained less chitin than unilayered hyphae in planta. JF - Phytopathology AU - Curry, K J AU - Abril, M AU - Avant, J B AU - Smith, B J AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Small Fruit Research Station, P.O. Box 287, Poplarville, MS 39470, USA, BarbaraSmith@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 1055 EP - 1063 VL - 92 IS - 10 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - chitin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01028:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18615426?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Strawberry+anthracnose%3A+Histopathology+of+Colletotrichum+acutatum+and+C.+fragariae&rft.au=Curry%2C+K+J%3BAbril%2C+M%3BAvant%2C+J+B%3BSmith%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Curry&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1055&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Precipitation retention and soil erosion under varying climate, land use, and tillage and cropping systems AN - 18612267; 5526536 AB - Nonirrigated crop yields and forage production are limited by low and variable precipitation in the southern Great Plains. Precipitation variation involves production risks, which can be reduced by considering probability of precipitation, precipitation retention, and soil erosion under various production systems. The objective of this study was to probabilistically quantify the impact of precipitation variations, land use, cropping, and tillage systems on precipitation retention and soil erosion. Five 1.6 ha watersheds that had 3 to 4 percent slopes, and similar silt loam soils were selected. One was kept in native grass, and the others were planted into winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under different cropping and tillage systems. Daily runoff and soil erosion were measured at the outlet of each watershed. Precipitation distributions exhibited great seasonal and interannual variations, and precipitation retention distributions resembled those of precipitation. Cropping and tillage systems affected precipitation retention but much less than did precipitation variations. Available soil water storage, which was largely controlled by ET, played an important role in retaining precipitation. This indicates that cropping systems should be adjusted to precipitation patterns, if predictable, for better soil water use. Land use and cropping and tillage systems had a much greater impact on soil erosion than on precipitation retention. Soil erosion risks, which were proportional to the levels of tillage disturbance, were mainly caused by a few large storms in summer, when surface cover was low. This study explored a novel approach for evaluating production risks associated with insufficient precipitation retention and excessive soil erosion for certain crops or cropping systems under assumed precipitation conditions. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Zhang, X-CJ AU - Garbrecht, J D AD - USDA-ARS, Grazinglands Research Laboratory, 7207 West Cheyenne St., El Reno, Oklahoma 73036, USA, jzhang@grl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 1241 EP - 1253 VL - 38 IS - 5 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - USA, Great Plains KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Land Use KW - Crop Production KW - Precipitation (Atmospheric) KW - Precipitation KW - Rainfall Distribution KW - Retention KW - Land use KW - Crops KW - Precipitation variations KW - Agricultural practices KW - Erosion KW - Soil erosion monitoring KW - Precipitation distribution analysis KW - Tillage KW - Agricultural Practices KW - Soil Erosion KW - Farms and farming KW - Erosion control by crops KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection KW - M2 556.16:Runoff (556.16) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18612267?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Precipitation+retention+and+soil+erosion+under+varying+climate%2C+land+use%2C+and+tillage+and+cropping+systems&rft.au=Zhang%2C+X-CJ%3BGarbrecht%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=X-CJ&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil erosion monitoring; Precipitation distribution analysis; Precipitation variations; Erosion control by crops; Erosion; Agricultural practices; Precipitation (Atmospheric); Tillage; Retention; Crops; Land use; Farms and farming; Land Use; Crop Production; Agricultural Practices; Rainfall Distribution; Precipitation; Soil Erosion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Local planning for large livestock facilities AN - 18611105; 5493137 JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Bennett, J AD - USDA-NRCS, 1117 S Towne Ct, Greenville, OH 45331, USA, jim.Bennett@oh.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 308 EP - 317 VL - 57 IS - 5 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Planning KW - Farm Wastes KW - Livestock KW - SW 2060:Effects on water of human nonwater activities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18611105?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Local+planning+for+large+livestock+facilities&rft.au=Bennett%2C+J&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=308&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Planning; Farm Wastes; Livestock ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phytochemicals in plants: genomics-assisted plant improvement for nutritional and health benefits AN - 18611040; 5494088 AB - Plants are an important source of essential nutrients and health-beneficial components that are crucial for human life. Because the intake of these phytochemicals is not always adequate, the resources of plant biotechnology are being used to enhance the nutritional quality of our plant-based food supply. Various improvement strategies are feasible, depending on whether the phytochemical target is a major or minor constituent. Recent efforts in gene discovery and functional genomics are providing the necessary understanding to develop and evaluate different approaches to manipulate phytochemical composition. JF - Current Opinion in Biotechnology AU - Grusak, MA AD - USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, Texas 77030, USA, mgrusak@bcm.tmc.edu Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 508 EP - 511 VL - 13 IS - 5 SN - 0958-1669, 0958-1669 KW - genomics KW - phytochemicals KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - W2 32000:General topics and reviews KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32380:Food (including SCP) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18611040?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Opinion+in+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Phytochemicals+in+plants%3A+genomics-assisted+plant+improvement+for+nutritional+and+health+benefits&rft.au=Grusak%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Grusak&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=508&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Opinion+in+Biotechnology&rft.issn=09581669&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial Snow Modeling of Wind-Redistributed Snow Using Terrain-Based Parameters AN - 18609729; 5489722 AB - Wind is widely recognized as one of the dominant controls of snow accumulation and distribution in exposed alpine regions. Complex and highly variable wind fields in rugged terrain lead to similarly complex snow distribution fields with areas of no snow adjacent to areas of deep accumulation. Unfortunately, these complexities have limited inclusion of wind redistribution effects in spatial snow distribution models. In this study the difficulties associated with physically exhaustive wind field modeling are avoided and terrain-based parameters are developed to characterize wind effects. One parameter, , was based on maximum upwind slopes relative to seasonally averaged winds to characterize the wind scalar at each pixel location in an alpine basin. A second parameter, , measured upwind breaks in slope from a given location and was combined with an upwind application of to create a drift delineator parameter, D 0, which was used to delineate sites of intense redeposition on lee slopes. Based on 504 snow depth samples from a May 1999 survey of the upper Green Lakes Valley, Colorado, the correlation of the developed parameters to the observed snow distribution and the effect of their inclusion in a spatial snow distribution model were quantified. The parameter was found to be a significant predictor, accounting for more of the variance in the observed snow depth than could be explained by elevation, solar radiation, or slope. Samples located in D 0-delineated drift zones were shown to have significantly greater depths than samples located in nondrift zones. A regression tree model of snow distribution based on a predictor variable set of , D 0, elevation, solar radiation, and slope explained 8%-23% more variance in the observed snow distribution, and performed noticeably better in unsampled areas of the basin, compared to a regression tree model based on only the latter three predictors. JF - Journal of Hydrometeorology AU - Winstral, A AU - Elder, K AU - Davis, R E AD - Northwest Watershed Research Center, 800 Park Blvd., Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712, awinstra@nwrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 524 EP - 538 PB - American Meteorological Society VL - 3 IS - 5 SN - 1525-755X, 1525-755X KW - USA, Colorado KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Wind effects on snow cover KW - Wind-snow relationships KW - Snow accumulation KW - Spatial Distribution KW - Blowing snow KW - Model Studies KW - Sensitivity Analysis KW - Performance Evaluation KW - Alpine Regions KW - Snow Accumulation KW - Wind KW - Drifting Snow KW - M2 551.556:Wind Effects (551.556) KW - M2 551.578.466:Snow surface forms. Snow drift formation -- 624.144.4 Control of snow drifting, fences, etc (551.578.466) KW - SW 0820:Snow, ice and frost UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18609729?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrometeorology&rft.atitle=Spatial+Snow+Modeling+of+Wind-Redistributed+Snow+Using+Terrain-Based+Parameters&rft.au=Winstral%2C+A%3BElder%2C+K%3BDavis%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Winstral&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=524&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrometeorology&rft.issn=1525755X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F1525-7541%282002%29003%280524%3ASSMOWR%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wind effects on snow cover; Wind-snow relationships; Snow accumulation; Blowing snow; Sensitivity Analysis; Alpine Regions; Performance Evaluation; Snow Accumulation; Spatial Distribution; Wind; Model Studies; Drifting Snow DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1525-7541(2002)003(0524:SSMOWR)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potato late blight management in the Toluca valley: Field validation of SimCast modified for cultivars with high field resistance AN - 18609220; 5513401 AB - Management of potato late blight in the highland tropics is very costly and remains difficult. Reducing the impact of late blight through the use of resistant cultivars in combination with a fungicide forecasting system could lower the number of costly fungicide applications. Previously, we evaluated the fungicide advisory SimCast for use with Mexican cultivars of high levels of field resistance for use in the central highlands of Mexico and found that it predicted too many fungicide applications for cultivars of moderate to high levels of resistance. We adapted SimCast for cultivars with higher levels of resistance, and field validations conducted in 1999 and 2000 show that SimCast resulted in good disease control on cultivars ranging from susceptible to highly resistant. The number of fungicide applications forecast for cultivars with moderate to high levels of resistance was reduced. Precipitation was the environmental variable responsible for most of the forecasts made. Our work demonstrates that a predictive system can be portable from the temperate climate to a tropical highland climate. A user-friendly decision support system consisting of just a rain-gauge and the exclusive use of SimCast's fungicide units could be a valuable and affordable tool in managing potato late blight in the highland tropics. JF - Plant Disease AU - Grunwald, N J AU - Romero Montes, G AU - Lozoya Saldana, H AU - Rubio Covarrubias, OA AU - Fry, W E AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Prosser, WA 99350, USA, ngrunwald@pars.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 1163 EP - 1168 VL - 86 IS - 10 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - potato KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01031:Antifungal & fungicidal agents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18609220?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Potato+late+blight+management+in+the+Toluca+valley%3A+Field+validation+of+SimCast+modified+for+cultivars+with+high+field+resistance&rft.au=Grunwald%2C+N+J%3BRomero+Montes%2C+G%3BLozoya+Saldana%2C+H%3BRubio+Covarrubias%2C+OA%3BFry%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Grunwald&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variation in aggressiveness among isolates of Cercospora from maize as a potential cause of genotype-environment interaction in gray leaf spot trials AN - 18609172; 5513392 AB - The use of genetically resistant maize hybrids is the preferred means of control of gray leaf spot, caused by Cercospora zeae-maydis. One problem faced by maize breeders attempting to breed for resistance to gray leaf spot is the high degree of genotype-environment interactions observed in disease trials. In North Carolina gray leaf spot trials conducted at four locations in the western part of the state, we found consistent hybrid-location interactions over the 1995 and 1996 growing seasons. Isolates of C. zeae-maydis from those test locations were evaluated on the same hybrids used in the multilocation testing at a location in central North Carolina that does not have a history of gray leaf spot. The hybrid-isolate interactions observed in the isolate trial mirrored the hybrid-location effects seen in the multilocation testing. Most of the interactions arose from changes in the magnitude of differences between hybrids when inoculated with the isolates rather than from any change in hybrid ranking. Analysis of internal transcribed spacer-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) and mitochondrial rDNA RFLPs of those isolates and others revealed that both type I and type II sibling species of C. zeae-maydis, as well as C. sorghi var. maydis, are isolated from typical gray leaf spot lesions. Breeders should use the most aggressive isolates of C. zeae-maydis to maximize discrimination between genotypes in gray leaf spot trials. JF - Plant Disease AU - Carson, M L AU - Goodman, M M AU - Williamson, S M AD - USDA-ARS Plant Science Research Unit and Department of Plant Pathology, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA, mcarson@cdl.umn.edu Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 1089 EP - 1093 VL - 86 IS - 10 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18609172?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Variation+in+aggressiveness+among+isolates+of+Cercospora+from+maize+as+a+potential+cause+of+genotype-environment+interaction+in+gray+leaf+spot+trials&rft.au=Carson%2C+M+L%3BGoodman%2C+M+M%3BWilliamson%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Carson&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1089&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trench inserts as long-term barriers to root transmission for control of oak wilt AN - 18609141; 5513390 AB - Physical and chemical barriers to root penetration and root grafting across trenches were evaluated for their effectiveness in improving trenches as barriers to root transmission of the oak wilt fungus in live oaks. Four trench insert materials were tested, including water-permeable Typar and Biobarrier, and water-impermeable Geomembrane of two thicknesses. Systemic fungicide treatments of trees immediately outside of trenches also were tested. In the first several years following trench installation, an abundance of small adventitious roots commonly formed from roots severed by trenching. These roots provided opportunities for initiation of root grafts across trenches in subsequent years. Although trench inserts did not significantly improve trenches during the first 3 years following trench installation, water-permeable inserts did effectively improve the performance of trenches beyond the third posttrenching year, when trenches are normally effective, and extended trench longevity indefinitely. The water-permeable inserts were more effective root barriers because they did not direct root growth from the point of root contact. The water-impermeable materials, however, did tend to direct root growth around these barriers, leading to the development of new root graft connections and associated oak wilt root transmission across the trench. The additional cost of trench inserts above trenching costs was justified in urban and rural homestead sites, where high-value landscape trees required more protection and additional retrenching costs were avoided. JF - Plant Disease AU - Wilson, AD AU - Lester, D G AD - USDA Forest Service, Forest Insect and Disease Research, Southern Research Station, Center for Bottomland Hardwoods Research, Southern Hardwoods Laboratory, Stoneville, MS 38776-0227, USA, dwilson02@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 1067 EP - 1074 VL - 86 IS - 10 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - trenching KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18609141?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Trench+inserts+as+long-term+barriers+to+root+transmission+for+control+of+oak+wilt&rft.au=Wilson%2C+AD%3BLester%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=AD&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1067&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Understanding the landscape: A giant step towards sustaining ecological processes in non-federal lands AN - 18604872; 5493140 JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Gilgert, W AU - Staley, K B AD - USDA-NRCS Wildlife Habitat Management Institute, 108 A Wager FWB, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA, wgilgert@cnr.colostate.edu Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 308 EP - 317 VL - 57 IS - 5 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Land Management KW - Ecological Effects KW - SW 4070:Ecological impact of water development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18604872?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Understanding+the+landscape%3A+A+giant+step+towards+sustaining+ecological+processes+in+non-federal+lands&rft.au=Gilgert%2C+W%3BStaley%2C+K+B&rft.aulast=Gilgert&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=308&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Land Management; Ecological Effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bactericidal Activities of Plant Essential Oils and Some of Their Isolated Constituents against Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica AN - 18603741; 5492649 AB - An improved method of sample preparation was used in a microplate assay to evaluate the bactericidal activity levels of 96 essential oils and 23 oil compounds against Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica obtained from food and clinical sources. Bactericidal activity (BA50) was defined as the percentage of the sample in the assay mixture that resulted in a 50% decrease in CFU relative to a buffer control. Twenty-seven oils and 12 compounds were active against all four species of bacteria. The oils that were most active against C. jejuni (with BA50 values ranging from 0.003 to 0.009) were marigold, ginger root, jasmine, patchouli, gardenia, cedarwood, carrot seed, celery seed, mugwort, spikenard, and orange bitter oils; those that were most active against E. coli (with BA50 values ranging from 0.046 to 0.14) were oregano, thyme, cinnamon, palmarosa, bay leaf, clove bud, lemon grass, and allspice oils; those that were most active against L. monocytogenes (with BA50 values ranging from 0.057 to 0.092) were gardenia, cedarwood, bay leaf, clove bud, oregano, cinnamon, allspice, thyme, and patchouli oils; and those that were most active against S. enterica (with BA50 values ranging from 0.045 to 0.14) were thyme, oregano, cinnamon, clove bud, allspice, bay leaf, palmarosa, and marjoram oils. The oil compounds that were most active against C. jejuni (with BA50 values ranging from 0.003 to 0.034) were cinnamaldehyde, estragole, carvacrol, benzaldehyde, citral, thymol, eugenol, perillaldehyde, carvone R, and geranyl acetate; those that were most active against E. coli (with BA50 values ranging from 0.057 to 0.28) were carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, thymol, eugenol, salicylaldehyde, geraniol, isoeugenol, citral, perillaldehyde, and estragole; those that were most active against L. monocytogenes (with BA50 values ranging from 0.019 to 0.43) were cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, thymol, carvacrol, citral, geraniol, perillaldehyde, carvone S, estragole, and salicylaldehyde; and those that were most active against S. enterica (with BA50 values ranging from 0.034 to 0.21) were thymol, cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, eugenol, salicylaldehyde, geraniol, isoeugenol, terpineol, perillaldehyde, and estragole. The possible significance of these results with regard to food microbiology is discussed. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Friedman, M AU - Henika, PR AU - Mandrell, R E AD - Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 1545 EP - 1560 VL - 65 IS - 10 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - bay leaf KW - cinnamaldehyde KW - eugenol KW - orange bitter oils KW - patchouli oils KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01066:Antibacterial & bactericidal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18603741?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Bactericidal+Activities+of+Plant+Essential+Oils+and+Some+of+Their+Isolated+Constituents+against+Campylobacter+jejuni%2C+Escherichia+coli%2C+Listeria+monocytogenes%2C+and+Salmonella+enterica&rft.au=Friedman%2C+M%3BHenika%2C+PR%3BMandrell%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1545&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Poly(ethylene glycol)-mediated molar mass control of short-chain- and medium-chain-length poly(hydroxyalkanoates) from Pseudomonas oleovorans AN - 18603004; 5468442 AB - Three strains of Pseudomonas oleovorans, a well known poly(hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA) producer, were tested for the ability to control PHA molar mass and end group structure by addition of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to the fermentation medium. Each strain of P. oleovorans - NRRL B-14682 (B-14682), NRRL B-14683 (B-14683), and NRRL B-778 (B-778) - synthesized a different type of PHA from oleic acid when cultured under identical growth conditions. Strain B-14682 produced poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), while B-14683 synthesized a medium-chain-length PHA (mcl-PHA) with a repeat unit composition ranging from C4 to C14 and some mono-unsaturation in the C14 alkyl side chains. Strain B-778 synthesized a mixture of PHB (95 mol%) and mcl-PHA (5 mol%). The addition of 0.5% (v/v) PEG (M sub(n) =200 g/mol, PEG-200) to the fermentation broth of strains B-14682 and B-778 resulted in chain termination through esterification at the carboxyl terminus of the PHB with PEG chain segments, thus reducing the molar mass by 54% and 23%, respectively. The molar mass of the mcl-PHA produced by strains B-14683 and B-778 also showed a 34% and 47% reduction in the presence of PEG-200, respectively, but no evidence of esterification was present. PEG-400 (M sub(n) =400 g/mol) had a reduced effect on PHA molar mass. In fact, the molar masses of the mcl-PHA derived from strain B-14683 and both the PHB and mcl-PHA from B-778 were unchanged by PEG-400. In contrast, the PHB produced by B-14682 showed a 35% reduction in molar mass in the presence of PEG-400. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Ashby, R D AU - Solaiman, D K AU - Foglia, T A AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA, rashby@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 154 EP - 159 PB - Springer-Verlag, [URL:http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00253/bibs/2060 1-2/20600154.htm] VL - 60 IS - 1-2 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - polyethylene glycol KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01014:Others KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 320:Cell Culture & Batch Fermentation KW - W2 32360:Organic acids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18603004?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Poly%28ethylene+glycol%29-mediated+molar+mass+control+of+short-chain-+and+medium-chain-length+poly%28hydroxyalkanoates%29+from+Pseudomonas+oleovorans&rft.au=Ashby%2C+R+D%3BSolaiman%2C+D+K%3BFoglia%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Ashby&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=154&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00253-002-1110-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-002-1110-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rising farmland values: How much is attributable to government payments and urbanization? AN - 18602925; 5493133 JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Nehring, R AU - Barnard, C AU - Breneman, V AD - USDA-ERS, 104 Crossing Pointe Ct, Frederick, MD 21702, USA, rnehring@ers.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 285 EP - 307 VL - 57 IS - 5 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Farms KW - Urbanization KW - Government Supports KW - Economic Aspects KW - SW 2060:Effects on water of human nonwater activities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18602925?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Rising+farmland+values%3A+How+much+is+attributable+to+government+payments+and+urbanization%3F&rft.au=Nehring%2C+R%3BBarnard%2C+C%3BBreneman%2C+V&rft.aulast=Nehring&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=285&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Farms; Urbanization; Government Supports; Economic Aspects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stratified estimation of forest area using satellite imagery, inventory data, and the k-Nearest Neighbors technique AN - 18601905; 5491561 AB - For two large study areas in Minnesota, USA, stratified estimation using classified Landsat Thematic Mapper satellite imagery as the basis for stratification was used to estimate forest area. Measurements of forest inventory plots obtained for a 12-month period in 1998 and 1999 were used as the source of data for within-stratum estimates. These measurements further served as calibration data for a k-Nearest Neighbors technique that was used to predict forest land proportion for image pixels. The continuum of forest land proportion predictions was separated into strata to facilitate stratified estimation. The k-Nearest Neighbors technique is carefully explained, five precautions are noted, and a plea is made for an objective approach to calibrating the technique. The variances of the stratified forest area estimates were smaller by factors as great as 5 than variances of the arithmetic mean calculated under the assumption of simple random sampling. In addition, when including all plots over a 5-year plot measurement cycle, the forest area precision estimates may be expected to satisfy national standards. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - McRoberts, R E AU - Nelson, MD AU - Wendt, D G AD - Forest Inventory and Analysis, North Central Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 1992 Folwell Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA, rmcroberts@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 457 EP - 468 VL - 82 IS - 2-3 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - Forests KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04125:Temperate forests KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18601905?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=Stratified+estimation+of+forest+area+using+satellite+imagery%2C+inventory+data%2C+and+the+k-Nearest+Neighbors+technique&rft.au=McRoberts%2C+R+E%3BNelson%2C+MD%3BWendt%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=McRoberts&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=457&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variability in nitrogen regulation of aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus strains AN - 18601387; 5468445 AB - Aflatoxins are toxic and carcinogenic metabolites of several Aspergillus species. The effect of nitrate on aflatoxin production and expression of the key regulatory genes involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis, aflR and aflJ, were compared among isolates of the S sub(B) and S sub(BG) strains of A. flavus. Aflatoxin production by two of the three strain S sub(B) isolates did not differ significantly between the two media tested, whereas for S sub(BG) A. flavus isolates, the level of aflatoxins in buffered nitrate medium was as much as 20-fold lower than in ammonium salts medium. Expression of aflR was not significantly affected by growth of cultures in nitrate medium for most of the isolates. However, on nitrate medium, expression of aflJ was 2.6-fold higher for the S sub(B) isolates than it was on ammonium salts medium, whereas for the S sub(BG) isolates aflJ expression was 2-fold lower on nitrate than on ammonium salts medium. This difference may result from the presence in the aflJ/aflR intergenic region of S sub(BG) isolates of fewer putative binding sites (HGATAR sites) for AreA, the positive-acting, wide domain transcription factor involved in regulation of nitrogen metabolism. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Ehrlich, K C AU - Cotty, P J AD - Southern Regional Research Center, USDA, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70179-0687, USA, ehrlich@srrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 174 EP - 178 PB - Springer-Verlag, [URL:http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00253/bibs/2060 1-2/20600174.htm] VL - 60 IS - 1-2 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - aflJ gene KW - aflR gene KW - ammonium salts KW - nitrate KW - nitrogen KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32390:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18601387?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Variability+in+nitrogen+regulation+of+aflatoxin+production+by+Aspergillus+flavus+strains&rft.au=Ehrlich%2C+K+C%3BCotty%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Ehrlich&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=174&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00253-002-1094-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-002-1094-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Plant Utilization Patterns of a Guild of Leafhoppers on a Woody Plant Community in the Chihuahuan Desert AN - 18598904; 5489505 AB - We examined plant use versus plant availability by a leafhopper guild from a Chihuahuan Desert plant community. Some native woody plants species of the Chihuahua Desert behave as weeds (e.g., Gutierrezia spp.) and could be subjects of augmentative biological control. As a first step, we wanted to know how the leafhopper guild used the woody plant community in the Chihuahua Desert to identify possible candidates to be studied. At least 37 leafhopper species were sampled on 13 woody and perennial plant species. Individual plants were sampled with sticky-traps on nine dates from June 1997 to July 1998. Leafhopper counts and plant availability were used to determine if leafhoppers used plants in proportion to their availability. Analysis of the 13 most abundant leafhopper species indicated differential use of at least one or more plant species in proportion to plant occurrence. Approximately 40% of all possible plant-insect pairs (169 pairs, 13 plants, and 13 insects) demonstrated under-utilization of plants (less than expected) by the leafhoppers. Nearly 50% of the pairs demonstrated plant use in proportion to their availability (random utilization), and in only 10% of pairs, leafhoppers used plants more often than expected. In our study site, 66.7% of the leafhopper species exhibited preference for one or two plant species, whereas the remaining 33.3% exhibited no preference for any studied plant. Our plant utilization results reaffirm published available host plant records for the leafhoppers analyzed. Qualitative temporal patterns in plant utilization were not detected. Specialist species exhibited different host uses in response to increasing leafhopper abundance. At seasonal peak abundance, specialist leafhoppers showed two different strategies: leafhoppers increased their preference toward their preferred host plants, and leafhoppers decreased their preference toward their preferred plants. The possible use of this methodology for augmentative biological control is discussed. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Logarzo, G AU - Richman, D B AU - Gould, W R AD - South American Biological Control Laboratory USDA-ARS, Buenos Aires, Argentina, nmbugman@taipan.nmsu.edu Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 914 EP - 922 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 31 IS - 5 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Cicadellids KW - Homoptera KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18598904?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Plant+Utilization+Patterns+of+a+Guild+of+Leafhoppers+on+a+Woody+Plant+Community+in+the+Chihuahuan+Desert&rft.au=Logarzo%2C+G%3BRichman%2C+D+B%3BGould%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Logarzo&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=914&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282002%29031%280914%3APUPOAG%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2002)031(0914:PUPOAG)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimation of leafy spurge cover from hyperspectral imagery using mixture tuned matched filtering AN - 18597347; 5491560 AB - Leafy spurge, Euphorbia esula L. is an adventive, perennial weed that infests approximately 1.2 million ha of land in North America. It often forms dense stands that displace native vegetation and useful forage plants on rangelands and in riparian habitats. Leafy spurge is a good candidate for detection via remote sensing because the distinctive yellow-green color of its bracts is spectrally unique when compared to co-occurring green vegetation. During 1999, Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) imagery was acquired in northeastern Wyoming and ground cover data were collected. Mixture tuned matched filtering (MTMF), a specialized type of spectral mixture analysis, was used to estimate leafy spurge canopy cover and map leafy spurge distribution. Overall performance of MTMF for estimating percent cover of leafy spurge for all sites was good (r super(2) = 0.69) with better performance in prairie areas (r super(2) = 0.79) and poorer performance occurring on wooded sites (r super(2) = 0.57). However, results demonstrated that in open canopies with leafy spurge in the understory, the spectral signature is sufficiently distinct to be detectable. The techniques presented here could be used for constructing leafy spurge distribution and abundance maps with satellite hyperspectral data for larger regional areas. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - Williams AU - Hunt, ER Jr AD - Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, BARC-West, Room 104, Building 007, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA, erhunt@hydrolab.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 446 EP - 456 VL - 82 IS - 2-3 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18597347?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=Estimation+of+leafy+spurge+cover+from+hyperspectral+imagery+using+mixture+tuned+matched+filtering&rft.au=Williams%3BHunt%2C+ER+Jr&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=446&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of a commercial diagnostic PCR for the identification of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli AN - 18597151; 5464401 AB - Aims: DuPont Qualicon recently developed a new PCR assay for the identification of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. We evaluated the selectivity and utility of this assay compared with a PCR method already in use in our laboratory. Methods and Results: A group of 133 Campylobacter isolates from poultry carcass rinse samples were screened using the commercial PCR and standard PCR. Identical results were found for 89.5% (119/133) of the isolates. However, 10.5% (14/133) gave conflicting results suggesting mixed cultures. These 14 strains were retested by both PCR methods. Of these, 78.6% (11/14) showed identical results for both PCR methods after retesting; the results for the remaining 21.4% (3/14) again indicated mixed cultures. Conclusions, Significance and Impact of Study: The new multiplex PCR is a rapid and accurate alternative to more conventional PCR methods. The persistence of mixed Campylobacter cultures noted in this study suggests certain strains may be very difficult to isolate clonally by standard culture methods. JF - Letters in Applied Microbiology AU - Englen, M AU - Fedorka-Cray, P AD - Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, Athens, GA, USA, menglen@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 353 EP - 356 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 35 IS - 4 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18597151?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+a+commercial+diagnostic+PCR+for+the+identification+of+Campylobacter+jejuni+and+Campylobacter+coli&rft.au=Englen%2C+M%3BFedorka-Cray%2C+P&rft.aulast=Englen&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=353&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1472-765X.2002.01193.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-765X.2002.01193.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Parasitization of the Red Sunflower Seed Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) by its Larval Parasitoid Triaspis Aequoris (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Cultivated Sunflower AN - 18597095; 5489496 AB - The red sunflower seed weevil, Smicronyx fulvus LeConte, is a pest of sunflower in the northern and central Plains sunflower production regions. Weevil larvae feed and develop in the sunflower achene dropping to the soil to overwinter. A total of 630 parasitoids emerging from seed weevil larvae recovered from North and South Dakota and Minnesota from 1991 to 1995 was identified as Triaspis aequoris Martin, a solitary koinobiont endoparasitoid. The mean parasitization rate for the red sunflower seed weevil by T. aequoris ranged from 2.5 to 24.2% per year. There was an increase in the percentage parasitization as overall weevil populations decreased over years. In Nebraska, percent parasitization by T. aequoris , the only species recovered, increased with increasing densities of S. fulvus between 1993 and 1995. Patterns of emergence for both red sunflower seed weevil and T. aequoris were similar in two locations in North Dakota. Oviposition pattern in seeds in the sunflower head showed decreasing density toward the center, but T. aequoris parasitization was equal throughout the head. Triaspis aequoris , an egg-larval parasitoid, effectively searched for and attacked weevil eggs as soon as weevil oviposition had begun in the field. Date of planting studies showed that damage from weevils increased as seeding of fields was delayed, but parasitization of weevil larvae was similar among all dates. Activity by T. aequoris may have contributed to the decline of the red sunflower seed weevil from North and South Dakota and Minnesota. Lower densities of weevils also may account for the reduction in the diversity of parasitoid species of this weevil. The parasitoid appears to be well adapted to its host, efficiently parasitizes the red sunflower seed weevil and is amenable for use with some pest management strategies in cultivated sunflower. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Charlet, L D Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 844 EP - 851 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 31 IS - 5 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Braconid wasps KW - Coleoptera KW - Hymenoptera KW - Weevils KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18597095?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Parasitization+of+the+Red+Sunflower+Seed+Weevil+%28Coleoptera%3A+Curculionidae%29+by+its+Larval+Parasitoid+Triaspis+Aequoris+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Braconidae%29+in+Cultivated+Sunflower&rft.au=Charlet%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Charlet&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=844&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282002%29031%280844%3APOTRSS%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2002)031(0844:POTRSS)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Integration of lidar and Landsat ETM+ data for estimating and mapping forest canopy height AN - 18596387; 5491558 AB - Light detection and ranging (lidar) data provide accurate measurements of forest canopy structure in the vertical plane; however, current lidar sensors have limited coverage in the horizontal plane. Landsat data provide extensive coverage of generalized forest structural classes in the horizontal plane but are relatively insensitive to variation in forest canopy height. It would, therefore, be desirable to integrate lidar and Landsat data to improve the measurement, mapping, and monitoring of forest structural attributes. We tested five aspatial and spatial methods for predicting canopy height, using an airborne lidar system (Aeroscan) and Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) data: regression, kriging, cokriging, and kriging and cokriging of regression residuals. Our 200-km super(2) study area in western Oregon encompassed Oregon State University's McDonald-Dunn Research Forest, which is broadly representative of the age and structural classes common in the region. We sampled a spatially continuous lidar coverage in eight systematic patterns to determine which lidar sampling strategy would optimize lidar-Landsat integration in western Oregon forests: transects sampled at 2000, 1000, 500, and 250 m frequencies, and points sampled at these same spatial frequencies. The aspatial regression model results, regardless of sampling strategy, preserved actual vegetation pattern, but underestimated taller canopies and overestimated shorter canopies. The spatial models, kriging and cokriging, produced less biased results than regression but poorly reproduced vegetation pattern, especially at the sparser (2000 and 1000 m) sampling frequencies. The spatial model predictions were more accurate than the regression model predictions at locations < 200 m from sample locations. Cokriging, using the ETM+ panchromatic band as the secondary variable, proved slightly more accurate than kriging. The integrated models that kriged or cokriged regression residuals were preferable to either the aspatial or spatial models alone because they preserved the vegetation pattern like regression yet improved estimation accuracies above those predicted from the regression models alone. The 250-m point sampling strategy proved most optimal because it oversampled the landscape relative to the geostatistical range of actual spatial variation, as indicated by the sample semivariograms, while making the sample data volume more manageable. We concluded that an integrated modeling strategy is most suitable for estimating and mapping canopy height at locations unsampled by lidar, and that a 250-m discrete point sampling strategy most efficiently samples an intensively managed forested landscape in western Oregon. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - Hudak, A T AU - Lefsky, MA AU - Cohen, W B AU - Berterretche, M AD - Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Corvallis, OR, USA, ahudak@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 397 EP - 416 VL - 82 IS - 2-3 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - Forests KW - lidar KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04125:Temperate forests KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18596387?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=Integration+of+lidar+and+Landsat+ETM%2B+data+for+estimating+and+mapping+forest+canopy+height&rft.au=Hudak%2C+A+T%3BLefsky%2C+MA%3BCohen%2C+W+B%3BBerterretche%2C+M&rft.aulast=Hudak&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=397&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Natural Occurrence and Laboratory Studies of the Fire Ant Pathogen Vairimorpha invictae (Microsporida: Burenellidae) in Argentina AN - 18596163; 5489502 AB - We surveyed 154 sites in north-central Argentina and sampled 2,528 fire ant colonies for the presence and intracolonial prevalence of the microsporidium, Vairimorpha invictae Jouvenaz & Ellis, in the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren. The concentrations of meiospores and binucleate spores were quantified in workers and sexuals; and the occurrence and intracolonial prevalence of dual infections with Thelohania solenopsae Knell, Allen & Hazard were studied. To study the effect of V. invictae in infected colonies of S. invicta , we compared the proportion of infected living workers to the proportion of infected dead workers, and compared the survival of uninfected and infected workers. V. invictae occurred at 13% of the sites and 2.3% of the colonies. At times, the disease reached epizootic levels in certain areas. We found vegetative stages in 4.8-52.3% of eggs, larvae, pupae, and queens, meiospores in 4-56.3% of pupae and mature stages, and binucleate spores in 9.5-63% of all life stages, except eggs. Evidence for transovarial transmission is provided. The percentage of sexual males infected was significantly higher than that of sexual females (44.9 versus 15.9%, respectively). Dual infections (V. invictae + T. solenopsae ) occurred in 0.24% of the colonies. V. invictae was present in 9.3% of living workers and in 56.7% of dead workers. Mortality rates of workers from Vairimorpha -infected colonies were higher than those of workers from uninfected colonies. Survival times of infected workers were 18.8-31.7% less than those of uninfected workers. The studies reported here contribute to the evaluation of V. invictae for use as a classical biological control agent against the red imported fire ant in the United States. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Briano, JA AU - Williams, D F AD - USDA-ARS South American Biological Control Laboratory, Bolivar 1559 (1686) Hurlingham, Buenos Aires province, Argentina, jabriano@mail.retina.ar Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 887 EP - 894 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 31 IS - 5 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ants KW - Hymenoptera KW - Red imported fire ant KW - epizootics KW - pathogens KW - prevalence KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts KW - K 03091:Protozoa: animal KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18596163?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Natural+Occurrence+and+Laboratory+Studies+of+the+Fire+Ant+Pathogen+Vairimorpha+invictae+%28Microsporida%3A+Burenellidae%29+in+Argentina&rft.au=Briano%2C+JA%3BWilliams%2C+D+F&rft.aulast=Briano&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=887&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282002%29031%280887%3ANOALSO%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2002)031(0887:NOALSO)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protective effects of cold temperature and surface-contact on acid tolerance of Salmonella spp. AN - 18594440; 5464735 AB - Aims: To determine the effect of cold-storage temperature and surface contact on the survival of Salmonella spp. during acid challenge. To determine the contribution of sigmatranscrip- tional factor (encoded by rpoS) in surface contact-mediated acid tolerance. Methods and Results:Salmonella serovar Typhimurium cells in exponential and stationary growth phase were subjected to acid challenge in planktonic and surface-associated states. Low temperatures offered protection against acid challenge to cells which were in stationary growth phase (but not to those in exponential growth phase). The cells from stationary, as well as logarithmic growth phase, acquired increased acid tolerance upon surface contact with various surfaces, such as fresh-cut apples, agar and polyethersulphone membranes. The alternative sigma transcription factor was not required to acquire surface contact-mediated acid tolerance. Conclusions:Salmonella spp. take advantage of low temperature and surface association to overcome acid challenge. Some of the acid tolerance mechanisms are independent of the sigma transcription factor regulon. Significance and Impact of the Study: Effective control measures during produce processing must take into account the different susceptibilities of planktonic vs surface-associated food-borne pathogens. JF - Journal of Applied Microbiology AU - Gawande, P AU - Bhagwat, A AD - Produce Quality and Safety Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, USA, bhagwata@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 689 EP - 696 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 93 IS - 4 SN - 1364-5072, 1364-5072 KW - rpoS gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18594440?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Protective+effects+of+cold+temperature+and+surface-contact+on+acid+tolerance+of+Salmonella+spp.&rft.au=Gawande%2C+P%3BBhagwat%2C+A&rft.aulast=Gawande&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=689&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=13645072&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2672.2002.01749.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2002.01749.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differences in Attachment of Salmonella enterica Serovars and Escherichia coli O157:H7 to Alfalfa Sprouts AN - 18591436; 5457392 AB - Numerous Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreaks have been associated with contaminated sprouts. We examined how S. enterica serovars, E. coli serotypes, and nonpathogenic bacteria isolated from alfalfa sprouts grow on and adhere to alfalfa sprouts. Growth on and adherence to sprouts were not significantly different among different serovars of S. enterica, but all S. enterica serovars grew on and adhered to alfalfa sprouts significantly better than E. coli O157:H7. E. coli O157:H7 was essentially rinsed from alfalfa sprouts with repeated washing steps, while 1 to 2 log CFU of S. enterica remained attached per sprout. S. enterica Newport adhered to 3-day-old sprouts as well as Pantoea agglomerans and 10- fold more than Pseudomonas putida and Rahnella aquatilis, whereas the growth rates of all four strains throughout seed sprouting were similar. S. enterica Newport and plant-associated bacteria adhered 10- to 1,000-fold more than E. coli O157:H7; however, three of four other E. coli serotypes, isolated from cabbage roots exposed to sewage water following a spill, adhered to sprouts better than E. coli O157:H7 and as well as the Pseudomonas and Rahnella strains. Therefore, attachment to alfalfa sprouts among E. coli serotypes is variable, and nonpathogenic strains of E. coli to be used as surrogates for the study of pathogenic E. coli may be difficult to identify and should be selected carefully, with knowledge of the biology being examined. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Barak, J D AU - Whitehand, L C AU - Charkowski, A O AD - USDA, ARS, WRRC, Food Safety and Health, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, jbarak@pw.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 4758 EP - 4763 VL - 68 IS - 10 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - alfalfa sprouts KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18591436?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Differences+in+Attachment+of+Salmonella+enterica+Serovars+and+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+to+Alfalfa+Sprouts&rft.au=Barak%2C+J+D%3BWhitehand%2C+L+C%3BCharkowski%2C+A+O&rft.aulast=Barak&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=4758&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.68.10.4758-4763.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.10.4758-4763.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mapping microsatellite markers identified in porcine EST sequences AN - 18500575; 5464410 AB - A sequence search of swine expressed sequence tags (EST) data in GenBank identified over 100 sequence files which contained a microsatellite repeat or simple sequence repeat (SSR). Most of these repeat motifs were dinucleotide (CA/GT) repeats; however, a number of tri-, tetra-, penta- and hexa-nucleotide repeats were also detected. An initial assessment of six dinucleotide and 14 higher-order repeat markers indicated that only dinucleotide markers yielded a sufficient number of informative markers (100% vs. 14% for dinucleotide and higher order repeats, respectively). Primers were designed for an additional 50 di- and one tri-nucleotide SSRs. Overall, 42 markers were polymorphic in the US Meat Animal Research Center (MARC) reference population, 17 markers were uninformative and 12 primer pairs failed to satisfactorily amplify genomic DNA. A comparison of di-nucleotide repeat vs. markers with repeat motifs of three to six bases demonstrated that 72% of dinucleotide markers were informative relative to only 7% of other repeat motifs. The difference was the result of a much higher percentage of monomorphic markers in the three to six base repeat motif markers than in the dinucleotide markers (64% vs. 14%). Either higher order repeat motifs are less polymorphic in the porcine genome or our selection criteria for repeat length of more than 17 contiguous bases was too low. The mapped microsatellite markers add to the porcine genetic map and provide valuable links between the porcine and human genome. JF - Animal Genetics AU - Rohrer, G A AU - Fahrenkrug, S C AU - Nonneman, D AU - Tao, N AU - Warren, W C AD - USDA, ARS, US Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, USA., Monsanto, 700 Chesterfield Parkway North, Chesterfield, MO, USA, rohrer@email.marc.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 372 EP - 376 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 33 IS - 5 SN - 0268-9146, 0268-9146 KW - Expressed sequence tags KW - Pig KW - Wild boar KW - Wild pig KW - pigs KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - G 07417:Domestic animals (pigs) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 350:Bioinformatics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18500575?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Animal+Genetics&rft.atitle=Mapping+microsatellite+markers+identified+in+porcine+EST+sequences&rft.au=Rohrer%2C+G+A%3BFahrenkrug%2C+S+C%3BNonneman%2C+D%3BTao%2C+N%3BWarren%2C+W+C&rft.aulast=Rohrer&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=372&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Animal+Genetics&rft.issn=02689146&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2052.2002.00880.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2052.2002.00880.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of Differences in Genome Content among phlD-Positive Pseudomonas fluorescens Strains by Using PCR-Based Subtractive Hybridization AN - 18495046; 5457397 AB - Certain 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol-producing strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens colonize roots and suppress soilborne diseases more effectively than others from which they are otherwise phenotypically almost indistinguishable. We recovered DNA fragments present in the superior colonizer P. fluorescens Q8r1-96 but not in the less rhizosphere-competent strain Q2- 87. Of the open reading frames in 32 independent Q8r1-96-specific clones, 1 was similar to colicin M from Escherichia coli, 3 resembled known regulatory proteins, and 28 had no significant match with sequences of known function. Seven clones hybridized preferentially to DNA from strains with superior rhizosphere competence, and sequences in two others were highly expressed in vitro and in the rhizosphere. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Mavrodi, D V AU - Mavrodi, O V AU - McSpadden-Gardener, B B AU - Landa, B B AU - Weller, D M AU - Thomashow, L S AD - USDA-ARS Root Disease & Biological Control Research Unit, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6430, mavrodi@mail.wsu.edu Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 5170 EP - 5176 VL - 68 IS - 10 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol KW - phlD gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18495046?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+Differences+in+Genome+Content+among+phlD-Positive+Pseudomonas+fluorescens+Strains+by+Using+PCR-Based+Subtractive+Hybridization&rft.au=Mavrodi%2C+D+V%3BMavrodi%2C+O+V%3BMcSpadden-Gardener%2C+B+B%3BLanda%2C+B+B%3BWeller%2C+D+M%3BThomashow%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Mavrodi&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=5170&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.68.10.5170-5176.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.10.5170-5176.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence and Characterization of Non-O157 Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli on Carcasses in Commercial Beef Cattle Processing Plants AN - 18492650; 5457361 AB - Beef carcass sponge samples collected from July to August 1999 at four large processing plants in the United States were surveyed for the presence of non- O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). Twenty-eight (93%) of 30 single-source lots surveyed included at least one sample containing non-O157 STEC. Of 334 carcasses sampled prior to evisceration, 180 (54%) were found to harbor non-O157 STEC. Non-O157 STEC isolates were also recovered from 27 (8%) of 326 carcasses sampled after the application of antimicrobial interventions. Altogether, 361 non-O157 STEC isolates, comprising 41 different O serogroups, were recovered. O serogroups that previously have been associated with human disease accounted for 178 (49%) of 361 isolates. Although 40 isolates (11%) carried a combination of virulence factor genes (enterohemorrhagic E. coli hlyA, eae, and at least one stx gene) frequently associated with STEC strains causing severe human disease, only 12 of these isolates also belonged to an O serogroup previously associated with human disease. Combining previously reported data on O157-positive samples (R. O. Elder, J. E. Keen, G. R. Siragusa, G. A. Barkocy-Gallagher, M. Koohmaraie, and W. W. Laegreid, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97:2999-3003, 2000) with these data regarding non-O157-positive samples indicated total STEC prevalences of 72 and 10% in preevisceration and postprocessing beef carcass samples, respectively, showing that the interventions used by the beef-processing industry effected a sevenfold reduction in carcass contamination by STEC. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Arthur, T M AU - Barkocy-Gallagher, G A AU - Rivera-Betancourt, M AU - Koohmaraie, M AD - USDA, ARS, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, P. O. Box 166, Spur 18-D, Clay Center, NE 68933-0166, arthur@email.marc.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 4847 EP - 4852 VL - 68 IS - 10 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Shiga toxin KW - prevalence KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18492650?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Prevalence+and+Characterization+of+Non-O157+Shiga+Toxin-Producing+Escherichia+coli+on+Carcasses+in+Commercial+Beef+Cattle+Processing+Plants&rft.au=Arthur%2C+T+M%3BBarkocy-Gallagher%2C+G+A%3BRivera-Betancourt%2C+M%3BKoohmaraie%2C+M&rft.aulast=Arthur&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=4847&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.68.10.4847-4852.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.10.4847-4852.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transient nature of rhizosphere carbon elucidated by supercritical freon-22 extraction and super(13)C NMR analysis AN - 18483165; 5440927 AB - The region immediately adjacent to established roots of mature trees has been termed the 'reoccurring rhizosphere' and it has been hypothesized that organic matter input from fine root turnover, root exudates and sloughing may result in a build up of the soil carbon in this region. The 'reoccurring rhizosphere' for first-, second- and third-order roots of select loblolly pines (Pinus taeda L.) were examined on sandy, loamy sand and sandy loam soils. A significant carbon build up next to the root orders was confirmed for the sandy and loamy sand soils. The carbon build up was substantial (55% increase) next to the first-order roots of the sandy soil. However, the sandy loam soil did not display a significant amount of carbon build up next to the root orders. Extraction of the soil samples with supercritical freon-22 showed that the additional carbon in the 'reoccurring rhizosphere' was highly soluble. Approximately 60% of the total soil carbon was extracted from the sandy and loamy sand soils, while approximately 40% was extracted from the sandy loam soil. A qualitative comparison of the extracts by liquid state super(13)C nuclear magnetic resonance showed that the 'reoccurring rhizosphere' region had a higher relative proportion of labile materials (i.e. carbohydrates, proteins, etc.) than the bulk soil. This information coupled with the high solubility in supercritical freon-22 suggests that the carbon build up in the 'reoccurring rhizosphere' region of loblolly pines may be transient in nature. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Sanchez, F G AU - Bursey, M M AD - USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 12254, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA, fsanchez@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/10/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Oct 01 SP - 177 EP - 185 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 169 IS - 3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Loblolly pine KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18483165?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Transient+nature+of+rhizosphere+carbon+elucidated+by+supercritical+freon-22+extraction+and+super%2813%29C+NMR+analysis&rft.au=Sanchez%2C+F+G%3BBursey%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Sanchez&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=169&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Harvesting intensity affects forest structure and composition in an upland Amazonian forest AN - 18476873; 5440933 AB - Forest structure and floristic composition were studied in a series of 0.5ha natural forest plots at four sites near Porto Trombetas in ParaState, Brazil, 11-12 years after being subjected to differing levels of above-ground biomass harvest and removal. In addition to undisturbed control plots, experimental treatments included: removal of most trees 45cmDBH (low intensity harvest); removal of trees 20 and 60cmDBH (moderate intensity harvest); clear-cutting (100% above-ground biomass removal). Post-harvest basal area growth generally increased with harvest intensity, and total basal areas for trees 5cmDBH were, at the time of our study, 60% (in the clear-cut) to about 80% of those in the control plots. Biomass harvests stimulated recruitment and growth of residual trees, particularly in the smaller diameter classes, but had little effect on species richness for small trees, seedlings, vine, herbs, and grasses. Species richness for trees 15cmDBH was greater in the control and low-intensity (74-75 species) than in the moderate intensity (47 species) and clear-cut (26 species) treatment plots. While the tree flora within all harvest treatments was broadly similar to the undisturbed (control) plots and included similar numbers of species of the major plant families typical of the surrounding forests, the more intensive harvest treatments, especially the clear-cut, were dominated by a higher proportion of short-lived, early successional tree species. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Parrotta, JA AU - Francis, J K AU - Knowles, OH AD - International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 25000, Ro Piedras, PR 00928-5000, USA, jparrotta@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/10/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Oct 01 SP - 243 EP - 255 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 169 IS - 3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Amazonia KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18476873?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Harvesting+intensity+affects+forest+structure+and+composition+in+an+upland+Amazonian+forest&rft.au=Parrotta%2C+JA%3BFrancis%2C+J+K%3BKnowles%2C+OH&rft.aulast=Parrotta&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=169&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Peak flow estimates for Coastal Plain watersheds AN - 17600266; 5648556 AB - An empirical equation based on storm data from the midwestern U.S. has been used in a number of water resource and water quality models for estimating peak flows for storm events on ungaged watersheds. Limited testing of the equation has shown a tendency to overpredict storm peaks in regions of low topographic relief. The objective of this study was to test the Smith and Williams equation and develop improved methods for estimating peak flows from ungaged watersheds in the southeastern U.S. Coastal Plain, a region characterized by low-gradient drainage networks and extensive riparian storage. The equation was evaluated on 58 storm events from seven experimental watersheds. Results indicate that the Smith and Williams equation significantly overpredicts peak flows in the Coastal Plain region, with an average error in peak estimation of over 250%. Regional peak flow equations were developed using stepwise linear regression analyses of log-transformed storm peak flows and watershed and storm event characteristics. These equations, which relate storm peaks to drainage area, runoff amount, and a drainage network parameter, explained up to 94% of the variability in measured peaks from Coastal Plain watersheds. The Coastal Plain peak flow equations provide improved algorithms for estimating storm peaks from ungaged watersheds in the region. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Sheridan, J M AD - USDA-ARS, Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 946, Tifton, GA 31793, USA, sheridan@tifton.cpes.peachnet.edu Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 1319 EP - 1326 VL - 45 IS - 5 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - M2 556.16:Runoff (556.16) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17600266?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Peak+flow+estimates+for+Coastal+Plain+watersheds&rft.au=Sheridan%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Sheridan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1319&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Polyacrylamide soil amendment effects on runoff and sediment yield on steep slopes: Part II. Natural rainfall conditions AN - 16165174; 5648559 AB - Soil loss from embankments at highway construction sites, sanitary landfills, and elsewhere can be extremely large due to the loosened state of the soil and very steep slope gradients (typically 2:1 to 3:1). Soil amendments have the potential to protect the soil during critical periods of vegetation establishment, thus reducing on-site damages and costs as well as reducing off-site impacts on water quality. In Part I of this study, results from a rainfall simulator experiment showed that use of an anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) could significantly reduce runoff and soil loss under the extreme condition of a large rainfall event occurring immediately after PAM application. In this part of the study, the same soil amendment treatments were tested in field situations on steep slopes under natural rainfall, to determine PAM effectiveness for typical constructed embankment conditions. One experiment was conducted on a highway cutslope on a clay loam subsoil placed at a 35% slope. The second experiment was in a surface sanitary landfill on a filled silt loam topsoil placed at a 45% slope, typical of a landfill cap. The soil amendment treatments used were an untreated control, an application of 80 kg ha super(-1) anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) as a liquid spray, and 80 kg ha super(-1) PAM applied as a liquid spray combined with a dry granular application of 5 Mg ha super(-1) of gypsum. A barrel collection system was used to measure total runoff volume and sediment loss. Total soil loss over all events at the two experiment sites for plots treated with PAM was reduced in the range of 40% to 54%, compared to the control. The addition of gypsum had a significant effect on runoff volume only on the silt loam soil, possibly due to higher rainfall at that site and/or to the presence of substantial amounts of calcium in the clay loam subsoil at the other location. PAM and PAM with gypsum increased grass establishment and growth on treated plots compared to the control. These results indicate that the use of anionic polyacrylamide (with or without gypsum) can provide substantial benefits in reducing runoff and soil loss, and enhancing vegetation growth on very steep embankments. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Flanagan, D C AU - Chaudhari, K AU - Norton, L D AD - USDA-ARS NSERL, 1196 Building SOIL, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1196, USA, flanagan@purdue.edu Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 1339 EP - 1351 VL - 45 IS - 5 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - embankments KW - water quality KW - Calcium KW - Landfills KW - Grasses KW - Rainfall KW - Watershed Management KW - Soil KW - Sanitation KW - Erosion Control KW - Waste disposal sites KW - soil amendment KW - Slopes KW - Materials Testing KW - Highways KW - Vegetation Establishment KW - Sediment pollution KW - Clay KW - Embankments KW - Sprays KW - Vegetation KW - silt KW - Runoff Volume KW - Soil Amendments KW - loam KW - Water wells KW - subsoils KW - Soil Erosion KW - Clay Loam KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16165174?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Polyacrylamide+soil+amendment+effects+on+runoff+and+sediment+yield+on+steep+slopes%3A+Part+II.+Natural+rainfall+conditions&rft.au=Flanagan%2C+D+C%3BChaudhari%2C+K%3BNorton%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Flanagan&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1339&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - water quality; Sediment pollution; embankments; Calcium; Clay; Grasses; Landfills; Rainfall; Sprays; Vegetation; silt; Soil; loam; Sanitation; Waste disposal sites; soil amendment; Water wells; subsoils; Highways; Vegetation Establishment; Soil Amendments; Erosion Control; Embankments; Watershed Management; Materials Testing; Soil Erosion; Slopes; Clay Loam; Runoff Volume ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sorption of organic phosphorus compounds in Atlantic coastal plain soils AN - 16147235; 5575383 AB - Organic phosphorus (P) can comprise a significant amount of the total P in animal wastes, yet there is little information on the potential for organic P to be transferred from soils to watercourses. We examined the adsorption of organic P compounds to soils typical of the southeastern United States, i.e., Blanton Sand (loamy, siliceous, thermic, Grossarenic Paleudult), Cecil sandy clay loam (fine, kaolinitic, thermic, Typic Kanhapludult), and a Belhaven sandy loam (loamy, mixed, dysic, thermic, Terric Medisaprist). The behavior of four organic P compounds was studied: adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP), adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP), and inositol hexaphosphate (IHP); while KH sub(2)PO sub(4) (ortho-P) was used as an inorganic reference. Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the effects of concentration (0-130 mu g P mL super(-1)), pH (4.6-7.6), and soil properties on P adsorption. All the organic P compounds had greater adsorption than KH sub(2)PO sub(4) on the Blanton and Cecil soils at all concentrations and ranges of pH. In the Belhaven soil, IHP had the greatest sorption followed by KH sub(2)PO sub(4) and the nucleotides (ATP, ADP, and AMP, respectively). Adsorption of organic P was positively correlated with soil organic matter and Fe and Al contents. The greater sorption of some organic P compounds over that of ortho-P suggests that these compounds may pose less of a threat to water quality, although this preferential sorption may increase soluble P in situations where there is displacement of ortho-P by organic P added in manures. JF - Soil Science AU - Leytem, AB AU - Mikkelsen, R L AU - Gilliam, J W AD - USDA-ARS, Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, 3793 N. 3600 E., Kimberly, ID 83341, USA, leytem@nwisrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 652 EP - 658 VL - 167 IS - 10 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - USA, southeast KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Experimental Data KW - Soil Chemistry KW - Animal wastes KW - Coastal Plains KW - Fate of Pollutants KW - Water Quality KW - Phosphorus Compounds KW - Soil contamination KW - Coastal zone KW - Comparison Studies KW - Soil Types KW - Adsorption KW - Soil Properties KW - Phosphorus compounds KW - Organic compounds KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16147235?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Sorption+of+organic+phosphorus+compounds+in+Atlantic+coastal+plain+soils&rft.au=Leytem%2C+AB%3BMikkelsen%2C+R+L%3BGilliam%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Leytem&rft.aufirst=AB&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=167&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=652&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coastal zone; Animal wastes; Adsorption; Organic compounds; Soil contamination; Phosphorus compounds; Experimental Data; Soil Chemistry; Coastal Plains; Comparison Studies; Fate of Pollutants; Water Quality; Soil Types; Phosphorus Compounds; Soil Properties ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Polyacrylamide effects on infiltration in San Joaquin Valley sandy loam soils AN - 16146073; 5493142 JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Trout, T J AU - Aiwa, H AD - USDA-ARS Water Management Research Lab, 9611 S. Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648, USA, ttrout@fresno.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 308 EP - 317 VL - 57 IS - 5 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Sand KW - Infiltration KW - Soil Types KW - Soil Properties KW - Loam KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16146073?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Polyacrylamide+effects+on+infiltration+in+San+Joaquin+Valley+sandy+loam+soils&rft.au=Trout%2C+T+J%3BAiwa%2C+H&rft.aulast=Trout&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=308&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sand; Soil Types; Infiltration; Soil Properties; Loam ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of propargyl bromide transformation in soil AN - 16143898; 5531148 AB - Propargyl bromide is being investigated for its potential as a soil fumigant. Characterization of the fate of propargyl bromide in soil is important in determining both efficacy and the threat of environmental contamination. These experiments investigated some of the factors affecting the rate of propargyl bromide degradation in soil and quantified some of the products formed as a result of propargyl bromide degradation in four soils of differing composition and at three initial propargyl bromide concentrations. In all soils at all initial propargyl bromide concentrations, equimolar formation of Br super(-) was observed during propargyl bromide degradation, but little propargyl alcohol (product of hydrolysis) was formed. The apparent first-order degradation coefficient (k) increased with decreasing initial propargyl bromide concentration in all soils, but the mass degraded per unit time increased with increasing propargyl bromide concentration. The rate of propargyl bromide degradation increased with increasing soil organic matter content, and the k value was correlated to the organic carbon content of the soil (correlation coefficient >0.97 for all concentrations). Repeated application of propargyl bromide did not increase the rate of propargyl bromide degradation in soil. Addition of Br super(-) did not affect the rate of propargyl bromide transformation in soil, so accumulation of Br super(-) in the soil is not expected to impede propargyl bromide degradation. JF - Pest Management Science AU - Papiernik, S K AU - Gan, J AU - Yates AD - USDA-ARS, George E Brown Jr Salinity Laboratory, 450 West Big Springs Road, Riverside, California 92507-4617, USA, spapiernik@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 1055 EP - 1062 VL - 58 IS - 10 SN - 1526-498X, 1526-498X KW - propargyl bromide KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Soil KW - Organic matter KW - Environmental impact KW - Land application KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16143898?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pest+Management+Science&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+propargyl+bromide+transformation+in+soil&rft.au=Papiernik%2C+S+K%3BGan%2C+J%3BYates&rft.aulast=Papiernik&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1055&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pest+Management+Science&rft.issn=1526498X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fps.579 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Organic matter; Environmental impact; Land application DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.579 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil and Plant Selenium at a Reclaimed Uranium Mine AN - 16140917; 5509759 AB - Selenium (Se) associated with reclaimed uranium (U) mine lands may result in increased food chain transfer and water contamination. To assess post-reclamation bioavailability of Se at a U mine site in southeastern Wyoming, we studied soil Se distribution, dissolution, speciation, and sorption characteristics and plant Se accumulation. Phosphate-extractable soil Se exceeded the critical limit of 0.5 mg/kg in all the samples, whereas total soil Se ranged from a low (0.6 mg/kg) to an extremely high (26 mg/kg) value. Selenite was the dominant species in phosphate and ammonium bicarbonate-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (AB-DTPA) extracts, whereas selenate was the major Se species in hot water extracts. Extractable soil Se concentrations were in the order of KH sub(2)PO sub(4) > AB-DTPA > hot water > saturated paste. The soils were undersaturated with respect to various Se solid phases, albeit with high levels of extractable Se surpassing the critical limit. Calcium and Mg minerals were the potential primary solids controlling Se dissolution, with dissolved organic carbon in the equilibrium solutions resulting in enhanced Se availability. Adsorption was a significant (r super(2) = 0.76-0.99 at P < 0.05) mechanism governing Se availability and was best described by the initial mass isotherm model, which predicted a maximum reserve Se pool corresponding to 87% of the phosphate-extractable Se concentrations. Grasses, forbs, and shrubs accumulated 11 to 1800 mg Se/kg dry weight. While elevated levels of bioavailable Se may be potentially toxic, the plants accumulating high Se may be used for phytoremediation, or the palatable forage species may be used as animal feed supplements in Se-deficient areas. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Sharmasarkar, S AU - Vance, G F AD - Water Management Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 9611 South Riverbend Ave., Parlier, CA 93648, USA, ssharmasarkar@fresno.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 1516 EP - 1521 VL - 31 IS - 5 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Selenium KW - USA, Wyoming KW - Food chains KW - Uranium KW - Plants KW - Mining KW - Soil contamination KW - Land reclamation KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16140917?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Soil+and+Plant+Selenium+at+a+Reclaimed+Uranium+Mine&rft.au=Sharmasarkar%2C+S%3BVance%2C+G+F&rft.aulast=Sharmasarkar&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1516&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Selenium; Food chains; Uranium; Plants; Soil contamination; Mining; Land reclamation; USA, Wyoming ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil Leachate Responses During 10 Years of Induced Whole-Watershed Acidification AN - 16136236; 5442745 AB - Soil solution was collected from zero-tension lysimeters for 10 yr on two small central Appalachian watersheds in West Virginia, U.S.A. Ammonium sulfate fertilizer was applied to one catchment 3 times per year during each year. The other watershed was used as a reference to account for ambient baseline conditions. Ca and Mg concentrations collected below the A- and B-horizons of the treated watershed increased and then decreased over time as a result of the treatment. By contrast, Ca and Mg concentrations in the C-horizon continued to increase throughout the study period. The depletion in Ca and Mg that occurred in the upper levels apparently occurred due to charge pairing and leaching of those base cations with NO sub(3) and SO sub(4). The progressively greater amounts of Ca and Mg carried through the soil with these acid anions provided their continued increasing concentrations in the C-horizon. NO sub(3) concentrations increased progressively with depth due to both the assimilation of NO sub(3) by vegetation and microorganisms in the upper soil layers and leaching of NO sub(3) into deeper soils by mesopore flow. NO sub(3) became a more important ion over time with respect to pairing and leaching with base cations because its concentrations continued to increase in all soil layers, whereas SO sub(4) became retained in all soil layers after after several years of treatment, presumably induced by adsorption from increasing SO sub(3) concentrations. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - Edwards, P J AU - Kochenderfer, J N AU - Coble, D W AU - Adams, M B AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, Parsons, WV, pjedwards@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 99 EP - 118 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 140 IS - 1-4 SN - 0049-6979, 0049-6979 KW - ammonium sulfate KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Acidification KW - Leaching KW - Catchment areas KW - Watersheds KW - USA, West Virginia KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - A 01450:Environmental Pollution & Waste Treatment KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16136236?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=Soil+Leachate+Responses+During+10+Years+of+Induced+Whole-Watershed+Acidification&rft.au=Edwards%2C+P+J%3BKochenderfer%2C+J+N%3BCoble%2C+D+W%3BAdams%2C+M+B&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=140&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=99&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-11 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Leaching; Watersheds; Catchment areas; USA, West Virginia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conversion of Fatty Acids by Bacillus sphaericus-Like Organisms AN - 1448225125; 18620210 AB - Bacillus sphaericus species are mesophilic round-spored organisms that readily utilize fatty acid-based surfactants during growth, but their ability to modify fatty acids is unknown. Among 57 B. sphaericus-like strains tested for fatty acid transformation activity in Wallen fermentation (WF) medium, ten converted oleic acid to a new product determined by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to be 10-ketostearic acid (10-KSA). Additionally, a few other strains converted ricinoleic acid and linoleic acid to new products that remain to be characterized. Unlike most microbial hydrations of oleic acid, which produce a mixture of 10-KSA and 10-hydroxystearic acid, the conversion of oleic acid by B. sphaericus strains was unique in that 10-KSA was the sole reaction product. By replacing dextrose with sodium pyruvate in WF and adjusting to pH 6.5, conversion of oleic acid to 10-KSA by strain NRRL NRS-732 was improved from about 11% to more than 60%. Using the defined optimal conditions, the conversion reaction was scaled up in a stirred-batch reactor by using technical-grade oleic acid as substrate. This is the first report on the characterization of fatty acid conversions by B. sphaericus species. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Kuo, Tsung Min AU - Nakamura, Lawrence K AU - Lanser, Alan C AD - Microbial Genomics and Bioprocessing Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA, US Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 265 EP - 271 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 45 IS - 4 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Bioreactors KW - Bacillus KW - Oleic acid KW - J 02320:Cell Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1448225125?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Conversion+of+Fatty+Acids+by+Bacillus+sphaericus-Like+Organisms&rft.au=Kuo%2C+Tsung+Min%3BNakamura%2C+Lawrence+K%3BLanser%2C+Alan+C&rft.aulast=Kuo&rft.aufirst=Tsung&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00284-002-3748-z LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oleic acid; Bacillus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00284-002-3748-z ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Release of Cryptosporidium and Giardia from Dairy Calf Manure: Impact of Solution Salinity AN - 16142194; 5533626 AB - Studies were initiated to determine the release behavior of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts from dairy calf manure to waters of various salinities. Experiments were conducted by sprinkling a particular aqueous solution over a manure disk and collecting the runoff water. Effluent concentrations of manure and (oo)cysts were initially several orders of magnitude below their starting concentration in the manure, after continued application of water the concentrations gradually decreased, and then exhibited persistent concentration tailing. Solution salinity significantly affected the shape and magnitude of the manure and (oo)cyst concentration curves. Increases in solution salinity tended to decrease the manure and (oo)cyst concentrations at a particular time. This was attributed to a stabilization of manure by compression of the double layer thickness between negatively charged components of the manure phase. Calculated release efficiencies of the (oo)cysts (relative to manure release) also decreased with increasing solution salinity. Experimental observations indicate that only the surface layer of manure was depleted of finer manure materials and (oo)cysts and that the manure will act as a long-term source of contamination. A conceptual model to describe and predict manure and (oo)cyst release rates and cumulative loading for the various solution salinities was proposed and applied to the experimental data. The calibrated model yielded a reasonable description of the experimental results. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Bradford, SA AU - Schijven, J AD - George E. Brown, Jr., Salinity Laboratory, USDA, ARS, 450 West Big Springs Road, Riverside, California 92507-4617, USA, sbradford@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/09/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Sep 15 SP - 3916 EP - 3923 VL - 36 IS - 18 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - cattle KW - concentration curves KW - release behavior KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Pollution Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Manure KW - Water Pollution Sources KW - Animal manures KW - Giardia KW - Salinity KW - Cryptosporidiosis KW - Salinity effects KW - Oocytes KW - Experimental Data KW - Animal wastes KW - Oocysts KW - Fate of Pollutants KW - Dairy industry waste waters KW - Pathogens KW - Giardiasis KW - Effluents KW - Cysts KW - Water pollution KW - Model Studies KW - Dairies KW - Cryptosporidium KW - Effluent KW - Intestinal protozoa KW - Pathogenic organism KW - Pollution (Water) KW - Runoff KW - P 3000:SEWAGE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT KW - K 03091:Protozoa: animal KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16142194?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Release+of+Cryptosporidium+and+Giardia+from+Dairy+Calf+Manure%3A+Impact+of+Solution+Salinity&rft.au=Bradford%2C+SA%3BSchijven%2C+J&rft.aulast=Bradford&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=2002-09-15&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=3916&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fes025573l LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cryptosporidiosis; Animal wastes; Manure; Oocysts; Salinity effects; Giardiasis; Cysts; Water pollution; Dairies; Salinity; Pathogens; Effluents; Runoff; Effluent; Dairy industry waste waters; Oocytes; Intestinal protozoa; Pathogenic organism; Pollution (Water); Animal manures; Experimental Data; Giardia; Water Pollution Sources; Fate of Pollutants; Cryptosporidium; Model Studies DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es025573l ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Projecting impacts of global climate change on the US forest and agriculture sectors and carbon budgets AN - 16137041; 5440912 AB - A multiperiod, regional, mathematical programming model is used to evaluate the potential economic impacts of global climatic change scenarios on the US forest and agricultural sectors, including impacts on forest carbon inventories. Four scenarios of the biological response of forests to climate change (reflected by changes in forest growth rates) are drawn from a national assessment of climate change and are based on combinations of global circulation and ecological process models. These scenarios are simulated in tile the forest and agricultural sector model and results are summarized to characterize broad impacts of climate change on the sectors. We find that less cropland is projected to be converted to forests, forest inventories generally increase, and that aggregate economic impacts (across all consumers and producers in the sector) are relatively small. Producers' income is most at risk, and impacts of global climate change on the two sectors vary over the 100-year projection period. The forest sector is found to have adjustment mechanisms that mitigate climate change impacts, including interregional migration of production, substitution in consumption, and altered stand management. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Alig, R J AU - Adams, D M AU - McCarl, BA AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA, ralig@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/09/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Sep 15 SP - 3 EP - 14 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 169 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Growth rate KW - Forest management KW - Climatic changes KW - Forests KW - USA KW - Carbon KW - Economics KW - Global warming KW - D 04700:Management KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16137041?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Projecting+impacts+of+global+climate+change+on+the+US+forest+and+agriculture+sectors+and+carbon+budgets&rft.au=Alig%2C+R+J%3BAdams%2C+D+M%3BMcCarl%2C+BA&rft.aulast=Alig&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-09-15&rft.volume=169&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Growth rate; Forest management; Carbon; Economics; Climatic changes; Forests; Global warming; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sorption-desorption of "aged" sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone herbicides in soil. AN - 72055522; 12207476 AB - Sorption-desorption interactions of pesticides with soil determine the availability of pesticides in soil for transport, plant uptake, and microbial degradation. These interactions are affected by the physical and chemical properties of the pesticide and soil, and for some pesticides, their residence time in the soil. The objective of this study was to characterize sorption-desorption of two sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone herbicides incubated in soils at different soil moisture potentials. The chemicals were incubated in clay loam and loamy sand soils for up to 12 wks at -33 kPa and at water contents equivalent to 50 and 75% of that at -33 kPa. Chemicals were extracted sequentially with 0.01 N CaCl(2) and aqueous acetonitrile, and sorption coefficients were calculated. Sufficient sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone herbicides remained (>40% of that applied) during incubation to allow calculation of sorption coefficients. Aging significantly increased sorption as indicated by increased sorption coefficients. For instance, for sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone remaining after a 12-wk incubation at -33 kPa, K(d) increased by a factor of 4.5 in the clay loam soils and by 6.6 in the loamy sand as compared to freshly treated soils. There was no effect of moisture potential on sorption K(d) values. These data show the importance of characterization of sorption-desorption in aged herbicide residues in soil, particularly in the case of prediction of herbicide transport in soil. In this case, potential transport of sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone herbicides would be over-predicted if freshly treated soil K(d) values were used to predict transport. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Koskinen, William C AU - Rice, Pamela J AU - Anhalt, Jennifer A AU - Sakaliene, Ona AU - Moorman, Thomas B AU - Arthur, Ellen L AD - USDA/ARS, Department of Soil, Water and Climate, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA. koskinen@soils.umn.edu Y1 - 2002/09/11/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Sep 11 SP - 5368 EP - 5372 VL - 50 IS - 19 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Acetonitriles KW - 0 KW - Herbicides KW - MKH 6561 KW - MKH 6562 KW - Soil KW - Triazoles KW - Calcium Chloride KW - M4I0D6VV5M KW - acetonitrile KW - Z072SB282N KW - Index Medicus KW - Triazoles -- isolation & purification KW - Adsorption KW - Triazoles -- chemistry KW - Time Factors KW - Herbicides -- chemistry KW - Soil -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72055522?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Sorption-desorption+of+%22aged%22+sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone+herbicides+in+soil.&rft.au=Koskinen%2C+William+C%3BRice%2C+Pamela+J%3BAnhalt%2C+Jennifer+A%3BSakaliene%2C+Ona%3BMoorman%2C+Thomas+B%3BArthur%2C+Ellen+L&rft.aulast=Koskinen&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=2002-09-11&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=19&rft.spage=5368&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-04 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of the DNA-binding properties of MyoD, myogenin, and E12 by fluorescence anisotropy. AN - 72030146; 12196028 AB - MyoD and Myogenin are dominant myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs), which are involved in control of muscle-specific gene expression. The ubiquitously expressed E12 dimerizes with MyoD and Myogenin and has been shown to enhance their DNA-binding and transcriptional activities. In this study, fluorescence anisotropy assays have been used to determine the Gibb's free energy of dissociation (DeltaG) for MyoD, Myogenin, and E12 as homo- and heterodimers to the well-characterized myosin light chain enhancer (MLC), muscle creatine kinase (MCK) enhancer, and mutant thereof. The heterodimers of MyoD or Myogenin with E12 bound the MCK enhancer equally well (DeltaG = 21 kcal/mol). The homodimers varied dramatically in both MLC and MCK enhancer binding affinity. MyoD homodimer bound the MCK enhancer with the highest affinity (DeltaG = 19.6 kcal/mol) in comparison with the Myogenin homodimer-MCK interaction (DeltaG = 16.6 kcal/mol) and E12 homodimer-MCK interaction (DeltaG = 18.0 kcal/mol). The slope and shape of the binding isotherms revealed that with the exception of the E12 homodimer-MCK enhancer interaction, the other proteins bound with high levels of positive cooperativity. In contrast, the E12 homodimer-MCK enhancer interaction actually occurs with significant negative cooperativity. The binding of these proteins to MLC enhancer mimicked binding to the MCK enhancer, but with much lower affinities. These data support the hypothesis that DNA acts as an allosteric ligand facilitating the dimerization of these proteins. The combination of differential affinity and cooperativity explains why the heterodimers are the active species in transcriptional regulation. JF - Biochemistry AU - Maleki, Soheila J AU - Royer, Catherine A AU - Hurlburt, Barry K AD - Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA. sjmaleki@srrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/09/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Sep 03 SP - 10888 EP - 10894 VL - 41 IS - 35 SN - 0006-2960, 0006-2960 KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - 0 KW - MyoD Protein KW - Myogenin KW - Myosin Light Chains KW - TCF Transcription Factors KW - Transcription Factor 7-Like 1 Protein KW - Transcription Factors KW - Creatine Kinase KW - EC 2.7.3.2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Titrimetry KW - Thermodynamics KW - Spectrometry, Fluorescence KW - Dimerization KW - Myosin Light Chains -- genetics KW - Creatine Kinase -- metabolism KW - Fluorescence Polarization -- methods KW - Muscle, Skeletal -- enzymology KW - Creatine Kinase -- genetics KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Enhancer Elements, Genetic -- genetics KW - Myosin Light Chains -- metabolism KW - E-Box Elements -- genetics KW - Protein Binding -- genetics KW - MyoD Protein -- metabolism KW - Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs -- genetics KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- chemistry KW - Myogenin -- chemistry KW - MyoD Protein -- chemistry KW - Myogenin -- metabolism KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72030146?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+the+DNA-binding+properties+of+MyoD%2C+myogenin%2C+and+E12+by+fluorescence+anisotropy.&rft.au=Maleki%2C+Soheila+J%3BRoyer%2C+Catherine+A%3BHurlburt%2C+Barry+K&rft.aulast=Maleki&rft.aufirst=Soheila&rft.date=2002-09-03&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=35&rft.spage=10888&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemistry&rft.issn=00062960&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-01 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Narrow-waveband reflectance ratios for remote estimation of nitrogen status in cotton. AN - 72174149; 12371160 AB - Tailoring nitrogen (N) fertilizer applications to cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in response to leaf N status may optimize N use efficiency and reduce off-site effects of excessive fertilizer use. This study compared leaf and canopy reflectance within the 350 to 950 nm range in order to identify reflectance ratios sensitive to leaf chlorophyll (Chl), and hence N status, in cotton. Plants were grown outdoors in large pots using half-strength Hoagland's (control) solution until some three-row plots received a restricted supply of N. Treatments comprised control, 20% of control N at first flower bud (square) onward; 0 and 20% of control N at first flower onward; and 0% of control N at fruit-filling onward. Despite leaf N values ranging from 51 to 19 g kg-1 across treatments and sampling dates, a weak correlation was obtained between Chl and N (r2 = 0.32, df = 70). In general, N stress led to increased reflectance at 695 +/- 2.5 nm (R695) and decreased reflectance at R410, and changes in leaf N were best correlated with either R695 or R755 in leaves and either R410 or R700 in canopies. The strongest associations between leaf constituent and canopy reflectance ratio were Chl vs. R415/R695 (r2 = 0.72), carotenoids vs. R415/R685 (r2 = 0.79), and N vs. R415/R710 (r2 = 0.70). The R415 measure appears to be a more stable spectral feature under N stress, as compared with more pronounced changes along the reflectance red edge (690-730 nm). Multiple regression identified a three-waveband canopy reflectance model that explained 80% of the variability in leaf N. Results indicate that remote sensing of N status in cotton is feasible using narrow-waveband reflectance ratios that involve the violet or blue region of the spectrum (400 to 450 nm) and the more commonly featured red-edge region. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - Read, J J AU - Tarpley, L AU - McKinion, J M AU - Reddy, K R AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Crop Science Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA. jjread@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov PY - 2002 SP - 1442 EP - 1452 VL - 31 IS - 5 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Fertilizers KW - 0 KW - Chlorophyll KW - 1406-65-1 KW - Nitrogen KW - N762921K75 KW - Index Medicus KW - Spectrum Analysis KW - Optics and Photonics KW - Spacecraft KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Nitrogen -- pharmacokinetics KW - Nitrogen -- analysis KW - Gossypium -- physiology KW - Plant Leaves -- chemistry KW - Gossypium -- chemistry KW - Chlorophyll -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72174149?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Narrow-waveband+reflectance+ratios+for+remote+estimation+of+nitrogen+status+in+cotton.&rft.au=Read%2C+J+J%3BTarpley%2C+L%3BMcKinion%2C+J+M%3BReddy%2C+K+R&rft.aulast=Read&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1442&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-06 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of four pesticides on the growth and metabolic activities of two photosynthetic algae. AN - 72161475; 12369760 AB - The acute toxicity was determined for soil algae Chlorella kesslerei and Anabaena inaequalis, exposed to pesticides lindane, pentachlorophenol (PCP), isoproturon (IPU), and methyl parathion (MP). Toxicity markers included growth inhibition, chlorophyll biosynthesis, and total carbohydrate content, as a function of dose and time. Concentration response functions (EC50) were estimated by probit data transformation and weighted linear regression analyses. Lindane's toxicity to Chlorella increased sharply with time (EC50 = 7490, 10.3, 0.09 mg L(-1); 24, 48, 72 h), but remained nearly constant through 72 h with Anabaena (8.7-6.7 mg L(-1); 24-72 h). PCP at low concentrations stimulated algal growth and chlorophyll a production, an effect reversed at higher doses. Anabaena was less tolerant of PCP and MP than was Chlorella. The 96-h static EC50 values for Chlorella were: 0.003, 34, 0.05, and 291 mg L(-1) for lindane, PCP, isoproturon, and MP, respectively; for Anabaena, these were 4.2, 0.13, 0.21, and 19 mg L(-1). Carbohydrate production responses were similar to those of cell density (growth) and chlorophyll biosynthesis, with MP having the lowest adverse impact. The overall relative toxicity among the four tested pesticides was: for Chlorella, lindane > IPU >> PCP >> MP; and for Anabaena, PCP > IPU > lindane > MP. The results confirm that toxicants such as these pesticides may affect individual (though related) species to significantly different degrees. JF - Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B, Pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes AU - Mostafa, Fadwa I Y AU - Helling, Charles S AD - Plant Sciences Inst., Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. mostafaf@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - September 2002 SP - 417 EP - 444 VL - 37 IS - 5 SN - 0360-1234, 0360-1234 KW - Methylurea Compounds KW - 0 KW - Pesticides KW - Phenylurea Compounds KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Chlorophyll KW - 1406-65-1 KW - Methyl Parathion KW - 41BCL2O91D KW - Lindane KW - 59NEE7PCAB KW - isoproturon KW - 66066K098P KW - Pentachlorophenol KW - D9BSU0SE4T KW - chlorophyll a KW - YF5Q9EJC8Y KW - Index Medicus KW - Methylurea Compounds -- toxicity KW - Regression Analysis KW - Methyl Parathion -- toxicity KW - Lindane -- toxicity KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Toxicity Tests, Acute KW - Chlorophyll -- biosynthesis KW - Biomass KW - Pentachlorophenol -- toxicity KW - Soil Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Chlorella -- metabolism KW - Anabaena -- metabolism KW - Photosynthesis -- drug effects KW - Chlorella -- drug effects KW - Anabaena -- growth & development KW - Anabaena -- drug effects KW - Chlorella -- growth & development KW - Pesticides -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72161475?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+science+and+health.+Part.+B%2C+Pesticides%2C+food+contaminants%2C+and+agricultural+wastes&rft.atitle=Impact+of+four+pesticides+on+the+growth+and+metabolic+activities+of+two+photosynthetic+algae.&rft.au=Mostafa%2C+Fadwa+I+Y%3BHelling%2C+Charles+S&rft.aulast=Mostafa&rft.aufirst=Fadwa+I&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=417&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+science+and+health.+Part.+B%2C+Pesticides%2C+food+contaminants%2C+and+agricultural+wastes&rft.issn=03601234&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-27 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of pesticide residues in nonfatty foods by supercritical fluid extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: collaborative study. AN - 72156988; 12374416 AB - A collaborative study was conducted to determine multiple pesticide residues in apple, green bean, and carrot by using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Seventeen laboratories from 7 countries participated in the final study, and a variety of different instruments was used by collaborators. The procedure simply entails 3 steps: (1) mix 1.1 g drying agent (Hydromatrix) per 1 g frozen precomminuted sample, and load 4-5.5 g of this mixture into a 7-10 mL extraction vessel; (2) perform SFE for 20-30 min with a 1-2 mL/min flow rate of carbon dioxide at 0.85 g/mL density (320 atm, 60 degrees C); and (3) inject the extract, which was collected on a solid-phase or in a liquid trap, into the gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer, using either an ion-trap instrument in full-scan mode or a quadrupole-type instrument in selected-ion monitoring mode. The ability of GC/MS to simultaneously quantitate and confirm the identity of the semivolatile analytes at trace concentrations is a strong feature of the approach. The selectivity of SFE and GC/MS avoids the need for post-extraction cleanup steps, and the conversion of the CO2 solvent to a gas after SFE eliminates the solvent evaporation step common in traditional methods. The approach has several advantages, but its main drawback is the lower recoveries for the most polar analytes, such as methamidophos and acephate, and the most nonpolar analytes, such as pyrethroids. Recoveries for most pesticides are >75%, and recoveries of nonpolar analytes are still >50%. The (within-laboratory) repeatability relative standard deviation (RSDr) values of the recoveries are generally <15%. More specifically, the average results from the 9-14 laboratories in the final analysis of 6 blind duplicates at 3 concentrations for each pesticide are as follows: carbofuran in apple (75-500 ng/g), 89% recovery, 7% RSDr, 9% reproducibility relative standard deviation (RSDR); diazinon in apple (60-400 ng/g), 83% recovery, 13% RSDr, 17% RSDR; vinclozolin in apple (6-400 ng/g), 97% recovery, 13% RSDr, 18% RSDR; chlorpyrifos in apple (50-300 ng/g), 105% recovery, 11% RSDr, 13% RSDR; endosulfan sulfate in apple (150-1000 ng/g), 95% recovery, 15% RSDr, 17% RSDR; trifluralin in green bean (30-200 ng/g), 58% recovery, 11% RSDr, 27% RSDR; dacthal in green bean (60-400 ng/g), 88% recovery, 11% RSDr, 17% RSDR; quintozene in green bean (60-400 ng/g), 79% recovery, 13% RSDr, 18% RSDR; chlorpyrifos in green bean (50-300 ng/g), 84% recovery, 11% RSDr, 17% RSDR; p,p'-DDE in green bean (45-300 ng/g), 64% recovery, 14% RSDr, 27% RSDR; atrazine in carrot (75-500 ng/g), 90% recovery, 11% RSDr, 15% RSDR; metalaxyl in carrot (75-500 ng/g), 89% recovery, 8% RSDr, 12% RSDR; parathion-methyl in carrot (75-500 ng/g), 84% recovery, 14% RSDr, 15% RSDR; chlorpyrifos in carrot (50-300 ng/g), 77% recovery, 13% RSDr, 19% RSDR; and bifenthrin in carrot (90-600 ng/g), 63% recovery, 12% RSDr, and 25% RSDR. All analytes except for the nonpolar compounds trifluralin, p,p'-DDE, and bifenthrin gave average Horwitz ratios of <1.0 when AOAC criteria were used. These 3 analytes had high RSDr values but lower RSDR values, which indicated that certain SFE instruments gave consistently lower recoveries for nonpolar compounds. The collaborative study results demonstrate that the method meets the purpose of many monitoring programs for pesticide residue analysis, and the Study Director recommends that it be adopted Official First Action. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Lehotay, Steven J AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA. slehotay@arserrc.gov PY - 2002 SP - 1148 EP - 1166 VL - 85 IS - 5 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Pesticide Residues KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Quality Control KW - Food Analysis KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72156988?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Determination+of+pesticide+residues+in+nonfatty+foods+by+supercritical+fluid+extraction+and+gas+chromatography%2Fmass+spectrometry%3A+collaborative+study.&rft.au=Lehotay%2C+Steven+J&rft.aulast=Lehotay&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1148&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-01 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using stable isotopes to assess the bioavailability of minerals in food fortification programs. AN - 72144211; 12362786 AB - The fortification of various types of food with minerals is often undertaken without consideration of either their bioavailability or the potential nutrient-nutrient interactions resulting from their use. Stable isotopes provide a safe and accessible method of resolving these issues by providing the proper evidence in each case. They must be conducted according to strict safety and ethical guidelines and may be readily conducted in a field setting. Clinical studies in children enable researchers, policymakers, and food manufacturers to obtain the data necessary to determine the best way to fortify specific foods and beverages, in order to optimally enhance the nutritional health of growing children. We have shown the utility of this approach in studies in both developing countries and in the United States. JF - Food and nutrition bulletin AU - Abrams, S A AU - Griffin, I J AU - Herman, S AD - USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA. Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - September 2002 SP - 158 EP - 165 VL - 23 IS - 3 Suppl SN - 0379-5721, 0379-5721 KW - Calcium, Dietary KW - 0 KW - Iron, Dietary KW - Isotopes KW - Minerals KW - Magnesium KW - I38ZP9992A KW - Zinc KW - J41CSQ7QDS KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Zinc -- administration & dosage KW - Drug Interactions KW - Nutritive Value KW - Calcium, Dietary -- pharmacokinetics KW - Humans KW - Zinc -- pharmacokinetics KW - Safety KW - Calcium, Dietary -- administration & dosage KW - Indonesia KW - Child KW - Iron, Dietary -- pharmacokinetics KW - Iron, Dietary -- administration & dosage KW - Biological Availability KW - Magnesium -- pharmacokinetics KW - Magnesium -- administration & dosage KW - Developing Countries KW - Edible Grain KW - Minerals -- pharmacokinetics KW - Minerals -- administration & dosage KW - Food, Fortified UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72144211?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+nutrition+bulletin&rft.atitle=Using+stable+isotopes+to+assess+the+bioavailability+of+minerals+in+food+fortification+programs.&rft.au=Abrams%2C+S+A%3BGriffin%2C+I+J%3BHerman%2C+S&rft.aulast=Abrams&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3+Suppl&rft.spage=158&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+nutrition+bulletin&rft.issn=03795721&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-23 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of clenbuterol on body stores of polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF) and dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) in rats. AN - 72131186; 12350024 AB - Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF), persistent pollutants that accumulate in the food chain, pose a risk to humans through consumption of tainted livestock. Clenbuterol, a leanness-enhancing agent, was tested for usefulness in PCDD/F body store reduction through body fat reduction (the predominant site of accumulation). To mimic the situation of contaminated animals, rats were given feed with or without a mixture of PCDD/F (0.6 to 2.7 ng/congener per day) for 10 d, followed by 16 d of feed with or without dietary clenbuterol (2 mg/kg feed). Clenbuterol reduced body fat by 28% (P < 0.05), increased muscle mass by 25% (P < 0.02), and decreased liver mass by 7% (P < 0.02). Although the concentrations of most PCDD/F per gram of fat were slightly increased after clenbuterol treatment, the total amount of PCDD/F that remained in fat was reduced by approximately 30%. Muscle PCDD/F concentrations and total burden were decreased by clenbuterol. In contrast, clenbuterol tended to increase concentration, but not total burden of PCDD/F in livers. One congener known to be rapidly metabolized and excreted, 2,3,7,8-TCDF, was the exception to this increase, decreasing 40% with clenbuterol treatment. This was also the congener that showed the greatest reduction in both fat and muscle. Examination of the ratio of PCDD/F in liver and fat revealed that clenbuterol increased the liver's share of the body burden of PCDD/F, from 38 to 75%. In a remediation/disposal context, these findings would be beneficial if clenbuterol lowered the meat and carcass burden of PCDD/F to safe levels, requiring only livers to be disposed of as hazardous waste. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Shappell, N W AU - Billey, L O AU - Feil, V J AD - USDA-ARS Red River Valley Agricultural Research Center, Fargo, ND 58105, USA. shappeln@fargo.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - September 2002 SP - 2461 EP - 2475 VL - 80 IS - 9 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Benzofurans KW - 0 KW - Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated KW - Dioxins KW - Soil Pollutants KW - dibenzo(1,4)dioxin KW - O1B5KJ235I KW - Clenbuterol KW - XTZ6AXU7KN KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Dioxins -- pharmacokinetics KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Random Allocation KW - Body Burden KW - Benzofurans -- pharmacokinetics KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Male KW - Adipose Tissue -- metabolism KW - Clenbuterol -- pharmacology KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Adipose Tissue -- drug effects KW - Soil Pollutants -- pharmacokinetics KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Muscle, Skeletal -- metabolism KW - Muscle, Skeletal -- drug effects KW - Liver -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72131186?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Effects+of+clenbuterol+on+body+stores+of+polychlorinated+dibenzofurans+%28PCDF%29+and+dibenzo-p-dioxins+%28PCDD%29+in+rats.&rft.au=Shappell%2C+N+W%3BBilley%2C+L+O%3BFeil%2C+V+J&rft.aulast=Shappell&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2461&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-06 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular diagnosis of pyrethroid resistance in Mexican strains of Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). AN - 72129002; 12349861 AB - Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnostic assays were used to identify possible resistance-associated roles of two amino acid substitutions found in pyrethroid resistance-associated genes of Boophilus microplus (Canestrini). Individual larvae from the San Felipe target site resistant strain and the Coatzacoalcos (Cz) metabolic resistant strain were separated into resistant and susceptible groups by larval packet bioassays and analyzed by PCR. A Phe --> Ile amino acid mutation in the sodium channel gene S6 transmembrane segment of domain III was found to have a close association with survival of acaricide treatments containing as high as 30% permethrin. As the permethrin dose was increased, an increase was seen in the proportion of surviving larvae that possessed two mutated sodium channel alleles. An Asp --> Asn amino acid substitution, originally found in high allele frequency in alleles of the CzEst9 esterase of the Cz strain, appeared to provide some resistance to permethrin. However, the presence of the mutation did not associate with resistance in the dose-response fashion seen with the sodium channel amino acid mutation. Resistance provided by CzEst9 might be more dependent on concentration of CzEst9 more so than the presence of a mutated allele. JF - Journal of medical entomology AU - Guerrero, Felix D AU - Li, Andrew Y AU - Hernandez, Ruben AD - Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Kerrville, TX 78028, USA. felixg@ktc.com Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - September 2002 SP - 770 EP - 776 VL - 39 IS - 5 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Pyrethrins KW - Sodium Channels KW - Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases KW - EC 3.1.1.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Animals KW - Mexico KW - Insecticide Resistance -- genetics KW - Biological Assay KW - Sodium Channels -- genetics KW - Ixodidae -- genetics KW - Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases -- genetics KW - Pyrethrins -- pharmacology KW - Insecticides -- pharmacology KW - Ixodidae -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72129002?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.atitle=Molecular+diagnosis+of+pyrethroid+resistance+in+Mexican+strains+of+Boophilus+microplus+%28Acari%3A+Ixodidae%29.&rft.au=Guerrero%2C+Felix+D%3BLi%2C+Andrew+Y%3BHernandez%2C+Ruben&rft.aulast=Guerrero&rft.aufirst=Felix&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=770&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-03 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of the polymerase chain reaction to investigate the dynamics of pyrethroid resistance in Haematobia irritans irritans (Diptera: Muscidae). AN - 72127474; 12349858 AB - A field study was conducted from 1991 through 1997 to evaluate the use of pyrethroid and organophosphate (OP) ear tags, alternated yearly, for the control of a pyrethroid resistant horn fly, Haematobia irritans (L.), population in Louisiana. Fly resistance was monitored by weekly fly counts, filter paper bioassays and diagnostic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for the presence of pyrethroid resistance-associated mutations in the sodium channel gene coding region. Fly control in the first study year was poor, as pyrethroid ear tags were effective for only 7 wk. The following year, OP ear tags provided 15 wk of fly control. However, in all subsequent years, fly control was poor with both types of ear tags. The PCR assays showed that there were very few female flies homozygous for the pyrethroid susceptible sodium channel allele, never rising above 10% of the total females in the population. A fitness cost appeared to be associated with the pyrethroid resistant allele, as the resistant form was selected against in the absence of the pyrethroid ear tags. Despite this selection in favor of the susceptible allele and the annual alternation of pyrethroid and OP ear tags, the percentage of homozygous susceptible flies never reached over 19% of the population, resistant alleles of the sodium channel remained at high levels in the population, and horn fly control on cattle with either type of tag quickly became minimal. JF - Journal of medical entomology AU - Guerrero, Felix D AU - Alison, M W AU - Kammlah, Diane M AU - Foil, Lane D AD - Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Kerrville, TX 78028, USA. felixg@ktc.com Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - September 2002 SP - 747 EP - 754 VL - 39 IS - 5 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Nitriles KW - Pyrethrins KW - Sodium Channels KW - cyhalothrin KW - V0V73PEB8M KW - Index Medicus KW - Genotype KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Insecticide Resistance -- genetics KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods KW - Male KW - Female KW - Sodium Channels -- genetics KW - Muscidae -- classification KW - Ectoparasitic Infestations -- parasitology KW - Pyrethrins -- pharmacology KW - Muscidae -- drug effects KW - Ectoparasitic Infestations -- veterinary KW - Cattle Diseases -- parasitology KW - Muscidae -- genetics KW - Insect Control -- methods KW - Cattle Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Insecticides -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72127474?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.atitle=Use+of+the+polymerase+chain+reaction+to+investigate+the+dynamics+of+pyrethroid+resistance+in+Haematobia+irritans+irritans+%28Diptera%3A+Muscidae%29.&rft.au=Guerrero%2C+Felix+D%3BAlison%2C+M+W%3BKammlah%2C+Diane+M%3BFoil%2C+Lane+D&rft.aulast=Guerrero&rft.aufirst=Felix&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=747&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-03 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An in vitro study of manure composition on the biochemical origins, composition, and accumulation of odorous compounds in cattle feedlots. AN - 72125420; 12349997 AB - Very little is known about the biochemical origin of cattle feedlot odors and the environmental factors controlling their production. The tie between diet and manure composition is well established, but the effect of different manure compositions on odorous chemical production is unknown. This study describes the effect of starch, casein, and cellulose substrate additions to slurries of fresh ( 1 d) on the anaerobic production of fermentation products and the consumption of substrates relative to no addition treatments. Aged cattle manure accumulated more VFA (245 to 290 mM) than the fresh manure (91 to 181 mM) irrespective of substrate additions (P < 0.001). In fresh manures, VFA concentrations were increased (P < 0.01) over no addition treatments when carbohydrate (starch or cellulose) was added, whereas starch and protein treatments to aged manure increased VFA content relative to no addition treatments (P < 0.001). Branched-chain VFA and aromatic compounds accumulated only in the aged manure (no addition and protein treatments), indicating that some protein fermentation occurred in those treatments. Based upon substrate loss, starch fermentation was the dominant process in both manures and all treatments with losses exceeding 18.6 g/L. Protein fermentation occurred only in the aged manure, specifically the no addition and protein treatments, when starch was no longer available. The production of odorous compounds from manure was controlled by substrate availability and pH, with pH related to lactate accumulation. We believe that calcareous soil and lactate-consuming microorganisms in the aged manure slurries minimized slurry acidification and resulted in greater accumulations of odorous products. Substrate additions had little effect on the overall accumulation of odor compounds in manure but had profound effects on odor compound composition. We propose that modifying cattle diets to limit starch and protein excretion would profoundly affect the production and accumulation of odor compounds in feedlots. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Miller, D N AU - Varel, V H AD - US Meat Animal Research Center, ARS, USDA, Clay Center, NE 68933-0166, USA. miller@email.marc.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - September 2002 SP - 2214 EP - 2222 VL - 80 IS - 9 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Caseins KW - 0 KW - Fatty Acids, Volatile KW - Lactates KW - Manure KW - Proteins KW - Cellulose KW - 9004-34-6 KW - Starch KW - 9005-25-8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cellulose -- metabolism KW - Cattle KW - Caseins -- metabolism KW - Fermentation KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Fatty Acids, Volatile -- analysis KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Time Factors KW - Diet -- veterinary KW - Odorants -- analysis KW - Manure -- analysis KW - Bacteria, Anaerobic -- metabolism KW - Odorants -- prevention & control KW - Starch -- metabolism KW - Proteins -- metabolism KW - Manure -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72125420?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=An+in+vitro+study+of+manure+composition+on+the+biochemical+origins%2C+composition%2C+and+accumulation+of+odorous+compounds+in+cattle+feedlots.&rft.au=Miller%2C+D+N%3BVarel%2C+V+H&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2214&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-06 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk assessment of an acetaminophen baiting program for chemical control of brown tree snakes on Guam: evaluation of baits, snake residues, and potential primary and secondary hazards. AN - 72125202; 12322757 AB - The brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis) is a significant ecological, agricultural, and economic pest on Guam. Acetaminophen has recently been identified as a promising snake toxicant. Subsequent experimentation has shown that acetaminophen-mouse baits are readily consumed by and acutely toxic to browntree snakes. Before implementing an island-wide acetaminophen-mouse baiting program for the reducton of brown tree snake populations,the potential risks to nontarget wildlife must be evaluated. Quantification of nontarget hazards by comparing potential exposure levels to toxicity values suggested a significant level of concern for rodents, cats, pigs, and birds. For these species, subsequent calculations and field and laboratory experiments, which quantified acetaminophen consumption under field conditions, indicated that acetaminophen consumption was minimal. These results indicate that the advantages of using acetaminophen to reduce brown tree snake populations on Guam outweigh the minimal risks to nontarget feral and wildlife species. JF - Environmental science & technology AU - Johnston, J J AU - Savarie, P J AU - Primus, T M AU - Eisemann, J D AU - Hurley, J C AU - Kohler, D J AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA. john.j.johnston@usda.gov Y1 - 2002/09/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Sep 01 SP - 3827 EP - 3833 VL - 36 IS - 17 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Rodenticides KW - 0 KW - Acetaminophen KW - 362O9ITL9D KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Guam KW - Mice KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Risk Assessment KW - Acetaminophen -- administration & dosage KW - Rodenticides -- administration & dosage KW - Acetaminophen -- pharmacokinetics KW - Rodenticides -- toxicity KW - Colubridae -- physiology KW - Colubridae -- metabolism KW - Rodenticides -- pharmacokinetics KW - Pest Control -- methods KW - Acetaminophen -- toxicity KW - Animals, Wild UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72125202?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+science+%26+technology&rft.atitle=Risk+assessment+of+an+acetaminophen+baiting+program+for+chemical+control+of+brown+tree+snakes+on+Guam%3A+evaluation+of+baits%2C+snake+residues%2C+and+potential+primary+and+secondary+hazards.&rft.au=Johnston%2C+J+J%3BSavarie%2C+P+J%3BPrimus%2C+T+M%3BEisemann%2C+J+D%3BHurley%2C+J+C%3BKohler%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=3827&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+science+%26+technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-26 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Efficacy of macrocyclic lactone endectocides against Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) infested cattle using different pour-on application treatment regimes. AN - 72124251; 12349860 AB - The efficacy of pour-on formulations of three macrocyclic lactone endectocides (moxidectin, ivermectin, and eprinomectin) was evaluated on cattle against Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) using two different treatment regimes. A single application treatment regime with each endectocide showed that fewer ticks per calf were recovered from all treated calves than from untreated cattle, but the level of control among the three treatments was similar (range; 78.7-87.7%) against all stages of ticks on the calves at the time of treatment. The engorged female and egg mass weights of all treated ticks were less than that of untreated ticks. Among the treated groups, the ivermectin and eprinomectin-treated females weighed less and produced lower weight egg masses than those from moxidectin-treated cattle. In a double application treatment regime with a 4-d interval between treatments, there were fewer ticks per calf recovered from the treated cattle than from untreated cattle. In addition, all treated females weighed less and produced lower weight egg masses than those from untreated cattle. Control with moxidectin (90.3%) was lower than with either ivermectin (98.9%) or eprinomectin (99.7%). The mean female and egg mass weight of the ivermectin and eprinomectin-treated groups was also less than that of the moxidectin treatment. A single application treatment against either 18- or 20-d-old adult ticks indicated that both moxidectin and ivermectin were less effective against 20-d-old ticks that were nearer to completing their parasitic development on the animal. In contrast, eprinomectin was the only endectocide tested that was equally effective against both 18- and 20-d-old ticks. JF - Journal of medical entomology AU - Davey, Ronald B AU - George, John E AD - Cattle Fever Tick Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA. ronald.b.davey@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - September 2002 SP - 763 EP - 769 VL - 39 IS - 5 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Lactones KW - Macrolides KW - milbemycin KW - 51570-36-6 KW - Ivermectin KW - 70288-86-7 KW - eprinomectin KW - 75KP30FD8O KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Female KW - Ivermectin -- analogs & derivatives KW - Tick Infestations -- veterinary KW - Tick Infestations -- prevention & control KW - Tick Control -- methods KW - Cattle Diseases -- parasitology KW - Ticks KW - Cattle Diseases -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72124251?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+macrocyclic+lactone+endectocides+against+Boophilus+microplus+%28Acari%3A+Ixodidae%29+infested+cattle+using+different+pour-on+application+treatment+regimes.&rft.au=Davey%2C+Ronald+B%3BGeorge%2C+John+E&rft.aulast=Davey&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=763&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-03 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Resistance of domestic cats to a US sheep scrapie agent by intracerebral route. AN - 72121162; 12296404 AB - Feline spongiform encephalopathy (FSE) is thought to have resulted from consumption of food contaminated with bovine spongiform encephalopathy and the latter is believed to result from the consumption of food contaminated with scrapie. However, no direct experimental documentation exists to indicate that the scrapie agent is capable of amplifying in cats, and, therefore, crossing the species barrier. During 1979, 6 cats ranging in age from 3.5 to 18 months were intracerebrally inoculated with sheep scrapie (inoculum G-639-PP) and were observed for an extended period. Inoculated cats did not develop neurologic disease, and microscopic lesions of spongiform encephalopathy were not evident. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot techniques failed to detect the abnormal form of prion protein (PrP(res)). These results indicate that the sheep scrapie agent (G-639-PP) used in this study was not capable of amplifying in cats and therefore was unable to cross the species barrier to produce FSE. JF - Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc AU - Hamir, Amir N AU - Clark, Wilber W AU - Sutton, Diane L AU - Miller, Janice M AU - Stack, Mick J AU - Chaplin, Melanie J AU - Jenny, Allen L AD - National Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Ames, IA 50010, USA. Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - September 2002 SP - 444 EP - 445 VL - 14 IS - 5 SN - 1040-6387, 1040-6387 KW - PrPSc Proteins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Sheep, Domestic KW - Animals KW - Blotting, Western KW - Cats KW - Species Specificity KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Male KW - Female KW - Injections, Intraventricular KW - Prion Diseases -- veterinary KW - PrPSc Proteins -- pharmacology KW - Cat Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Sheep Diseases -- transmission KW - PrPSc Proteins -- administration & dosage KW - Prion Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Prion Diseases -- transmission KW - Cat Diseases -- transmission UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72121162?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+veterinary+diagnostic+investigation+%3A+official+publication+of+the+American+Association+of+Veterinary+Laboratory+Diagnosticians%2C+Inc&rft.atitle=Resistance+of+domestic+cats+to+a+US+sheep+scrapie+agent+by+intracerebral+route.&rft.au=Hamir%2C+Amir+N%3BClark%2C+Wilber+W%3BSutton%2C+Diane+L%3BMiller%2C+Janice+M%3BStack%2C+Mick+J%3BChaplin%2C+Melanie+J%3BJenny%2C+Allen+L&rft.aulast=Hamir&rft.aufirst=Amir&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=444&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+veterinary+diagnostic+investigation+%3A+official+publication+of+the+American+Association+of+Veterinary+Laboratory+Diagnosticians%2C+Inc&rft.issn=10406387&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-28 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection and quantitation of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157, O111, and O26 in beef and bovine feces by real-time polymerase chain reaction. AN - 72099544; 12233845 AB - Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 and certain non-O157 EHEC serotypes (such as O26:H11, O26: NM, O11:H8, and O111:NM) have emerged as significant causes of human disease throughout the world. Important virulence attributes of EHEC are the intimin protein (encoded by the eae gene) and Shiga toxins 1 and 2 (encoded by the stx1 and stx2 genes, respectively). Two sets of real-time polymerase chain reaction (R-PCR) assays were developed for the simultaneous detection and quantitation of EHEC through the monitoring of the presence of the eae and stx genes, and these assays were evaluated. In the eaeR-PCR assay, three sets of primers and TaqMan probes were designed for the amplification and real-time detection of a portion of the eae gene specific to the EHEC O26, O111, and O157 serotypes. In the stxR-PCR assay, two sets of primers and TaqMan probes were used to amplify and detect the stx1 and stx2 genes. DNA prepared from 67 bacterial strains carrying known virulence markers was tested to determine the specificities of the two assays. In the eaeR-PCR assay, eaeO157- and eaeO111-specific primer-probe sets identified only EHEC O157 and O111 strains, respectively. The eaeO26-specific primer-probe set identified all EHEC 026 isolates and some Shiga toxin-negative serotypes of enteropathogenic E. coli and rabbit diarrheagenic E. coli. The stxR-PCR assay was able to identify only those strains carrying either or both of the Shiga toxin-encoding genes. The detection range of both R-PCR assays was linear over DNA concentrations corresponding to 10(3) to 10(8) CFU/ml of an EHEC strain. Both assays were able to detect and quantify very low levels (1 to 10 CFU/g of food or feces) of EHEC in feces and ground beef enriched for 16 h in a modified Trypticase soy broth. In conclusion, eae- and stx-based R-PCR assays are reliable and sensitive methods for the rapid screening and specific and quantitative detection of important serotypes of EHEC in cattle and in foods of bovine origin. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Sharma, Vijay K AD - National Animal Disease Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA. vsharma@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - September 2002 SP - 1371 EP - 1380 VL - 65 IS - 9 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Adhesins, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins KW - Bacterial Toxins KW - Carrier Proteins KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - Escherichia coli Proteins KW - eaeA protein, E coli KW - 147094-99-3 KW - Shiga Toxin KW - 75757-64-1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Food Microbiology KW - Humans KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Time Factors KW - Feces -- microbiology KW - Bacterial Toxins -- genetics KW - Escherichia coli -- isolation & purification KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- isolation & purification KW - Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins -- genetics KW - Escherichia coli -- genetics KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72099544?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Detection+and+quantitation+of+enterohemorrhagic+Escherichia+coli+O157%2C+O111%2C+and+O26+in+beef+and+bovine+feces+by+real-time+polymerase+chain+reaction.&rft.au=Sharma%2C+Vijay+K&rft.aulast=Sharma&rft.aufirst=Vijay&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1371&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-12 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Derivatization reactions of carbamate pesticides in supercritical carbon dioxide. AN - 72050532; 12207247 AB - Supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (SC-CO(2)) has been used to dissolve derivatizing agents (e.g. heptafluorobutyric anhydride, HFBA, and pyridine), which also act as a modifier in the fluid phase, for simultaneous extraction and derivatization of carbamates from the sample matrix. The derivatized carbamate pesticides (carbaryl, 3-hydroxycarbofuran, carbofuran, aldicarb, methiocarb) were then analyzed by GC-ECD or GC-MS with excellent sensitivity. Extraction and conversion of the carbamates was complete, as indicated by HPLC with post-column hydrolysis and o-phthalaldehyde derivatization then fluorescence detection. GC-MS (ion trap) was also used to confirm the formation of the carbamate derivatives. Compared with the same HFBA reaction in an organic solvent the derivatization reaction time was considerably shorter in SC-CO(2.) The described approach, combining both extraction and derivatization, simplifies the analysis of carbamate pesticides and eliminates the use of organic solvents associated with the derivatization step. JF - Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry AU - King, Jerry W AU - Zhang, Zhouyao AD - New Crops and Processing Technology, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service/USDA, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. kingjw@lanl.gov Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - September 2002 SP - 88 EP - 92 VL - 374 IS - 1 SN - 1618-2642, 1618-2642 KW - Carbamates KW - 0 KW - Pesticides KW - Carbon Dioxide KW - 142M471B3J KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Pesticides -- chemistry KW - Carbamates -- chemistry KW - Carbon Dioxide -- chemistry KW - Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72050532?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+and+bioanalytical+chemistry&rft.atitle=Derivatization+reactions+of+carbamate+pesticides+in+supercritical+carbon+dioxide.&rft.au=King%2C+Jerry+W%3BZhang%2C+Zhouyao&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=374&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=88&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+and+bioanalytical+chemistry&rft.issn=16182642&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-26 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quorum sensing and production of autoinducer-2 in Campylobacter spp., Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in foods. AN - 72036906; 12200329 AB - Autoinducer molecules are utilized by gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria to regulate density-dependent gene expression by a mechanism known as quorum sensing. PCR and DNA sequencing results showed that Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli possessed luxS, which is responsible for autoinducer-2 (AI-2) production. Using a Vibrio harveyi luminescence assay, the production of AI-2 was observed in milk, chicken broth, and brucella broth by C. coli, C. jejuni, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 under different conditions. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Cloak, Orla M AU - Solow, Barbara T AU - Briggs, Connie E AU - Chen, Chin-Yi AU - Fratamico, Pina M AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - September 2002 SP - 4666 EP - 4671 VL - 68 IS - 9 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - Escherichia coli Proteins KW - Lactones KW - N-octanoylhomoserine lactone KW - QseA protein, E coli KW - Trans-Activators KW - Homoserine KW - 6KA95X0IVO KW - Carbon-Sulfur Lyases KW - EC 4.4.- KW - LuxS protein, Bacteria KW - EC 4.4.1.21 KW - Index Medicus KW - Environment KW - Animals KW - Bacterial Proteins -- genetics KW - Biological Assay KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Gene Amplification KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Chickens KW - Milk -- metabolism KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Food Contamination KW - Malus KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Campylobacter -- metabolism KW - Food Microbiology KW - Homoserine -- metabolism KW - Homoserine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- metabolism KW - Salmonella enterica -- metabolism KW - Lactones -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72036906?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Quorum+sensing+and+production+of+autoinducer-2+in+Campylobacter+spp.%2C+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7%2C+and+Salmonella+enterica+serovar+Typhimurium+in+foods.&rft.au=Cloak%2C+Orla+M%3BSolow%2C+Barbara+T%3BBriggs%2C+Connie+E%3BChen%2C+Chin-Yi%3BFratamico%2C+Pina+M&rft.aulast=Cloak&rft.aufirst=Orla&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=4666&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-11 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Dec 21;96(26):15196-201 [10611361] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1999 Aug;65(8):3458-63 [10427034] Infect Immun. 2000 Sep;68(9):4839-49 [10948095] J Bacteriol. 2001 May;183(9):2918-28 [11292813] Structure. 2001 Jun;9(6):527-37 [11435117] Mol Microbiol. 2001 Jul;41(2):463-76 [11489131] J Bacteriol. 1970 Oct;104(1):313-22 [5473898] Microbiol Rev. 1979 Dec;43(4):496-518 [396467] Cell. 1983 Mar;32(3):773-81 [6831560] J Biol Chem. 1989 Dec 25;264(36):21670-6 [2600086] Mol Microbiol. 1993 Aug;9(4):773-86 [8231809] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Dec 19;92(26):12055-9 [8618843] Mol Microbiol. 1996 Apr;20(1):127-36 [8861211] J Bacteriol. 1997 Jun;179(12):4043-5 [9190823] J Bacteriol. 1997 Sep;179(17):5271-81 [9286976] Science. 1998 Apr 10;280(5361):295-8 [9535661] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Jun 9;95(12):7046-50 [9618536] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Feb 16;96(4):1639-44 [9990077] Mol Microbiol. 1999 Jan;31(2):585-95 [10027975] Infect Immun. 2000 Jun;68(6):3193-9 [10816463] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Foodborne illness--old problem, new relevance. AN - 72029994; 12192231 JF - Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) AU - Lasky, Tamar AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC 20250, USA. Tamar.Lasky@fsis.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - September 2002 SP - 593 EP - 598 VL - 13 IS - 5 SN - 1044-3983, 1044-3983 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Gastrointestinal Diseases -- microbiology KW - Food Contamination KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Gastrointestinal Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Food Microbiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- etiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72029994?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Epidemiology+%28Cambridge%2C+Mass.%29&rft.atitle=Foodborne+illness--old+problem%2C+new+relevance.&rft.au=Lasky%2C+Tamar&rft.aulast=Lasky&rft.aufirst=Tamar&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=593&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Epidemiology+%28Cambridge%2C+Mass.%29&rft.issn=10443983&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-01 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phytotoxicity and volatile constituents from leaves of Callicarpa japonica Thunb. AN - 71993614; 12165300 AB - The essential oil from the leaves of Callicarpa japonica was analyzed by GC-MS, and 84 compounds were identified. The main constituents of the essential oil were spathulenol (18.1%), germacrene B (13.0%), bicyclogermacrene (11.0%), globulol (3.3%), viridiflorol (2.6%), alpha-guaiene (2.3%), and gamma-elemene (2.0%). The essential oil constituents of C. japonica were significantly different from those found in our previous work on Callicarpa americana. The oil of C. japonica was selectively phytotoxic to bentgrass compared to lettuce seeds, with 80-100% growth reduction observed at 0.3 mg/ml. Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. JF - Phytochemistry AU - Kobaisy, Mozaina AU - Tellez, Mario R AU - Dayan, Franck E AU - Duke, Stephen O AD - Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Box 8048, University, MS 38677, USA. mkobaisy@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - September 2002 SP - 37 EP - 40 VL - 61 IS - 1 SN - 0031-9422, 0031-9422 KW - Herbicides KW - 0 KW - Oils, Volatile KW - Index Medicus KW - Oils, Volatile -- isolation & purification KW - Agrostis -- growth & development KW - Oils, Volatile -- pharmacology KW - Lettuce -- growth & development KW - Oils, Volatile -- chemistry KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Volatilization KW - Seeds -- growth & development KW - Lettuce -- drug effects KW - Seeds -- drug effects KW - Agrostis -- drug effects KW - Herbicides -- pharmacology KW - Verbenaceae -- chemistry KW - Herbicides -- chemistry KW - Plant Leaves -- chemistry KW - Herbicides -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71993614?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytochemistry&rft.atitle=Phytotoxicity+and+volatile+constituents+from+leaves+of+Callicarpa+japonica+Thunb.&rft.au=Kobaisy%2C+Mozaina%3BTellez%2C+Mario+R%3BDayan%2C+Franck+E%3BDuke%2C+Stephen+O&rft.aulast=Kobaisy&rft.aufirst=Mozaina&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytochemistry&rft.issn=00319422&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-11 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Composition of the essential oil of Lepidium meyenii (Walp). AN - 71981172; 12169308 AB - The essential oil profile of maca (Lepidium meyenii) obtained from Lima, Peru, was examined. Steam distillates of the aerial parts of L. meyenii were continuously extracted with pentane and the pentane extracts analyzed by GC/MS. Retention indices and mass spectral data were used to identify 53 oil components. Phenyl acetonitrile (85.9%), benzaldehyde (3.1%), and 3-methoxyphenylacetonitrile (2.1%) were the major components of the steam distilled oil. The oil of L. meyenii was tested for phytotoxic, cyanobactericidal, and antitermite activity. The oil was selectively toxic towards the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria perornata compared to the green alga Selenastrum capricornutum, with complete growth inhibition at 100 microg/ml. Mortality of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus, was numerically, but not significantly, higher when held on filter paper treated with maca oil. At 1% (w/w), maca oil also appeared to act as a feeding deterrent to termites. Several minor components of the essential oil of maca including 3-methoxyphenylacetonitrile and benzylthiocyanate were significantly active against the Formosan termite. This is the first report on the essential oil composition of L. meyenii. JF - Phytochemistry AU - Tellez, Mario R AU - Khan, Ikhlas A AU - Kobaisy, Mozaina AU - Schrader, Kevin K AU - Dayan, Franck E AU - Osbrink, Weste AD - Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Box 8048, University, MS 38677, USA. matallez@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - September 2002 SP - 149 EP - 155 VL - 61 IS - 2 SN - 0031-9422, 0031-9422 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Oils, Volatile KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cyanobacteria -- drug effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- pharmacology KW - Chlorophyta -- growth & development KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- chemistry KW - Chlorophyta -- drug effects KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Insecticides -- chemistry KW - Insecticides -- isolation & purification KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- isolation & purification KW - Time Factors KW - Isoptera -- drug effects KW - Insecticides -- pharmacology KW - Oils, Volatile -- isolation & purification KW - Brassicaceae -- chemistry KW - Oils, Volatile -- pharmacology KW - Oils, Volatile -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71981172?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytochemistry&rft.atitle=Composition+of+the+essential+oil+of+Lepidium+meyenii+%28Walp%29.&rft.au=Tellez%2C+Mario+R%3BKhan%2C+Ikhlas+A%3BKobaisy%2C+Mozaina%3BSchrader%2C+Kevin+K%3BDayan%2C+Franck+E%3BOsbrink%2C+Weste&rft.aulast=Tellez&rft.aufirst=Mario&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytochemistry&rft.issn=00319422&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-11 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Logging Options to Minimize Soil Disturbance in the Northern Lake States AN - 19733859; 7519551 AB - Forest harvesting is likely to have greater impacts on site productivity than any other activity during the rotation. We determined effects of commercial, winter-logging of four aspen-dominated stands on site disturbance and development of regeneration on clay soils in western Upper Michigan. A large skidder caused deep rutting on 20% of a site in a thinning that removed 7.8 m super(2) ha super(-1) (34 ft super(2) ac super(-1)) of basal area, and on 38% of a clearcut site. After the first growing season, 45% of the clearcut had no aspen regeneration, and 82% had less than the recommended minimum of 15,000 (15 k) suckers ha super(-1)(6 k ac super(-1)). Options that can be utilized to minimize logging impacts include: (1) excluding riparian areas and poorly drained inclusions from cutting units; (2) dry season harvesting; (3) plowing snow from (or packing the snow on) skid trails and landings, permitting them to freeze; (4) felling with delayed skidding until trails and landings have frozen; and (5) application of best management practices (BMP) recommendations such as progressive (back-to-front) harvesting. Each of these should have minimal effects on logging costs and may be economically advantageous. As an interim guide, a minimum of 7.5 cm (3.0 in.) of soil frost is recommended for small equipment and 15 cm (6.0 in.) for large equipment. BMP guides could be effective in communicating management objectives to foresters, sale administrators, contractors, and operators, increasing their awareness of (and sensitivity toward) soil disturbance and thus, contribute to sustaining future productivity. JF - Northern Journal of Applied Forestry AU - Stone, D M AD - USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station, Grand Rapids, MN, 55744, USA Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - Sep 2002 SP - 115 EP - 121 VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0742-6348, 0742-6348 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Soil KW - plowing KW - Lakes KW - regeneration KW - thinning KW - Snow KW - harvesting KW - frost KW - logging KW - Clear cutting KW - Forestry KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19733859?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northern+Journal+of+Applied+Forestry&rft.atitle=Logging+Options+to+Minimize+Soil+Disturbance+in+the+Northern+Lake+States&rft.au=Stone%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northern+Journal+of+Applied+Forestry&rft.issn=07426348&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Lakes; plowing; thinning; regeneration; Snow; harvesting; frost; logging; Forestry; Clear cutting ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence Of Anuran Prey On The Condition And Distribution Of Rana muscosa In The Sierra Nevada AN - 18928490; 5660046 AB - Mountain yellow-legged frogs (Rana muscosa) at high elevations of the Sierra Nevada must obtain enough food during summer to survive 7-9 winter months when their aquatic habitats are frozen and food is presumably unavailable. Adults of R. muscosa prey on a variety of organisms, including aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates and anuran larvae. To determine if anuran larvae influence the condition, distribution, and survival of adults of R. muscosa, we assessed body condition (variation from the expected mass for given length) and distribution of R. muscosa in relation to abundance and distribution of larval Hyla regilla, Bufo canorus, and Bufo boreas. Using three years of mark-recapture data, we found that abundance of larval H. regilla in a water body was positively correlated with the condition of R. muscosa. Moreover, R. muscosa had higher relative mass (W r ) values in areas with other anuran larvae than in areas with no other amphibian species. High W r values significantly increased the probability of recapturing frogs in following years. Using surveys of over 1700 lakes and ponds in the John Muir Wilderness and Kings Canyon National Park, we also found that the presence of larval H. regilla or Bufo in a water body was a significant indicator of the presence of adults of R. muscosa after accounting for significant habitat and isolation variables. These findings taken together suggest that some adults of R. muscosa actively seek out water bodies with other anuran species during the critical summer months and that the anuran larvae provide a nutritious food source that increases the body condition and, therefore, survival of the frogs. JF - Herpetologica AU - Pope, K L AU - Matthews, K R AD - USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station, P.O. Box 245, Berkeley, CA 94701, USA, kpope@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - September 2002 SP - 354 EP - 363 PB - The Herpetologists' League VL - 58 IS - 3 SN - 0018-0831, 0018-0831 KW - Mountain yellow-legged frog KW - Western toad KW - Yosemite toad KW - overwintering KW - summer KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Diets KW - Food organisms KW - Bufo canorus KW - Body conditions KW - Ecological distribution KW - Larvae KW - USA, California, John Muir Wilderness KW - Survival KW - USA, Sierra Nevada Mts. KW - Freshwater KW - High-altitude environments KW - Rana muscosa KW - Mountains KW - USA KW - Condition factor KW - Feeding behaviour KW - Hyla regilla KW - USA, California, Kings Canyon Natl. Park KW - Bufo boreas KW - Q1 08321:General KW - Q1 08425:Nutrition and feeding habits KW - D 04669:Amphibians UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18928490?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Herpetologica&rft.atitle=Influence+Of+Anuran+Prey+On+The+Condition+And+Distribution+Of+Rana+muscosa+In+The+Sierra+Nevada&rft.au=Pope%2C+K+L%3BMatthews%2C+K+R&rft.aulast=Pope&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=354&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Herpetologica&rft.issn=00180831&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0018-0831%282002%29058%280354%3AIOAPOT%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mountains; Diets; Food organisms; Condition factor; Body conditions; Feeding behaviour; Ecological distribution; Larvae; Survival; High-altitude environments; Bufo canorus; Hyla regilla; Bufo boreas; Rana muscosa; USA; USA, California, John Muir Wilderness; USA, Sierra Nevada Mts.; USA, California, Kings Canyon Natl. Park; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0018-0831(2002)058(0354:IOAPOT)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Avian Community Response To Southern Pine Ecosystem Restoration For Red-Cockaded Woodpeckers AN - 18795770; 5660484 AB - The effects of Red-cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis) management on nontarget birds is not widely known. Intensive management for pine specialists such as the Red-cockaded Woodpecker may negatively impact both Nearctic-Neotropical and Temperate Zone migrants associated with hardwood vegetation. To evaluate possible positive and negative associations, we surveyed avian communities from 1995-1997 using point counts within managed Red-cockaded Woodpecker cavity tree clusters and mature forest control sites in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) and loblolly (P. taeda)-shortleaf (P. echinata) pine habitats. In general, sites managed for Red-cockaded Woodpeckers supported more diverse and numerous bird populations than mature forest control sites. During the breeding season in loblolly-shortleaf and longleaf pine habitats, respectively, species richness was 47% and 23% greater, avian abundance was 57% and 65% greater, and bird species diversity was 25% and 21% greater within managed Red-cockaded Woodpecker cluster sites than within control sites. During winter, species richness and avian abundance each were 52% higher within managed Red-cockaded Woodpecker cluster sites than control sites in loblolly-shortleaf pine habitat. JF - Wilson Bulletin AU - Conner, R N AU - Shackelford, CE AU - Schaefer, R R AU - Saenz, D AU - Rudolph, D C AD - Wildlife Habitat and Silviculture Lab. (in cooperation with the Arthur Temple College of Forestry, Stephen F. Austin State Univ.), Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Nacogdoches, TX 75965-3556, USA, c_connerrn@titan.sfasu.edu Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - Sep 2002 SP - 324 EP - 332 PB - The Wilson Ornithological Society VL - 114 IS - 3 SN - 0043-5643, 0043-5643 KW - Aves KW - Loblolly pine KW - Longleaf pine KW - Red-cockaded woodpecker KW - Shortleaf pine KW - avifauna KW - birds KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18795770?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Avian+Community+Response+To+Southern+Pine+Ecosystem+Restoration+For+Red-Cockaded+Woodpeckers&rft.au=Conner%2C+R+N%3BShackelford%2C+CE%3BSchaefer%2C+R+R%3BSaenz%2C+D%3BRudolph%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Conner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=324&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.issn=00435643&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0043-5643%282002%29114%280324%3AACRTSP%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0043-5643(2002)114(0324:ACRTSP)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Are Pileated Woodpeckers Attracted To Red-Cockaded Woodpecker Cavity Trees? AN - 18795363; 5660480 AB - Pileated Woodpeckers (Dryocopus pileatus) cause damage to Red-cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis) cavity trees in the form of cavity enlargement or other excavations on the surface of the pine tree. However, it is not known whether Pileated Woodpeckers excavate more frequently on Red-cockaded Woodpecker cavity trees than on noncavity trees or how stand structure is related to the frequency of Pileated Woodpecker excavation. Also, it is unclear whether the cavity itself provides the stimulus to Pileated Woodpeckers to excavate or whether the presence of Red-cockaded Woodpeckers and their activities are attracting them. We surveyed all of the Red-cockaded Woodpecker cavity trees (n = 202) and 110 control trees in the loblolly (Pinus taeda)-shortleaf (P. echinata) pine habitat on the Angelina National Forest for recent Pileated Woodpecker excavation and found that approximately 7.4% of all cavity trees were damaged while no control trees showed any evidence of Pileated Woodpecker damage. The rate of Pileated Woodpecker excavation was negatively associated with hardwood midstory height and density. Pileated Woodpeckers appeared to focus most of their excavations on Red-cockaded Woodpeckers cavity entrances. We suggest that Pileated Woodpeckers may be attracted to Red-cockaded Woodpecker cavity trees, especially the cavity, and that midstory removal used to improve Red-cockaded Woodpecker habitat may increase the incidence of damage to the cavity trees by Pileated Woodpeckers in the current fragmented landscape. JF - Wilson Bulletin AU - Saenz, D AU - Conner, R N AU - McCormick, J R AD - Wildlife Habitat and Silviculture Lab., Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA, c_saenzd@titan.sfasu.edu Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - Sep 2002 SP - 291 EP - 296 PB - The Wilson Ornithological Society VL - 114 IS - 3 SN - 0043-5643, 0043-5643 KW - Pileated woodpecker KW - Red-cockaded woodpecker KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25506:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18795363?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Are+Pileated+Woodpeckers+Attracted+To+Red-Cockaded+Woodpecker+Cavity+Trees%3F&rft.au=Saenz%2C+D%3BConner%2C+R+N%3BMcCormick%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Saenz&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=291&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.issn=00435643&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0043-5643%282002%29114%280291%3AAPWATR%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0043-5643(2002)114(0291:APWATR)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The antiapoptotic protein Bcl-x sub(L) prevents the cytotoxic effect of Bax, but not Bax-induced formation of reactive oxygen species, in Kluyveromyces lactis AN - 18718355; 5606224 AB - The murine proapoptotic protein Bax was expressed in Kluyveromyces lactis to investigate its effect on cell survival and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Bax expression decreased the number of cells capable of growing and forming colonies, and it increased the number of cells producing ROS, as detected by both dihydrorhodamine 123 fluorescence and the intracellular content of SH groups. Mutation in the beta -subunit of F sub(1)-ATPase, or mitochondrial deficiency resulting from deletion of mtDNA ( rho super(0) mutant), increased the sensitivity to Bax, indicating that Bax cytotoxicity does not require mitochondrial respiratory-chain functions. The antiapoptotic protein Bcl-x sub(L), when co-expressed with Bax, localized to the mitochondria and prevented Bax cytotoxicity. However, this co-expression did not prevent the production of ROS. These data suggest that in K. lactis cells expressing Bax, ROS are not the sine qua non of cell death and that the antiapoptotic function of Bcl-x sub(L) is not limited to its antioxidant property. JF - Microbiology AU - Poliakova, D AU - Sokolikova, B AU - Kolarov, J AU - Sabova, L AD - Cancer Research Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Vlarska 7, 833 91 Bratislava, Slovakia, kolarov@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - Sep 2002 SP - 2789 EP - 2795 VL - 148 IS - 9 SN - 1350-0872, 1350-0872 KW - Bax protein KW - Bcl-x protein KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Genetics Abstracts KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18718355?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbiology&rft.atitle=The+antiapoptotic+protein+Bcl-x+sub%28L%29+prevents+the+cytotoxic+effect+of+Bax%2C+but+not+Bax-induced+formation+of+reactive+oxygen+species%2C+in+Kluyveromyces+lactis&rft.au=Poliakova%2C+D%3BSokolikova%2C+B%3BKolarov%2C+J%3BSabova%2C+L&rft.aulast=Poliakova&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=148&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2789&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbiology&rft.issn=13500872&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydrolysis of wheat starch and its effect on the Falling Number procedure: Mathematical model AN - 18708795; 5591452 AB - A population balance model was developed for wheat starch hydrolysis to simulate the performance parameters of a viscosity-based device, known as the Falling Number instrument. The instrument is widely used as an indirect means to gauge the level of preharvest sprout activity in cereal grains such as wheat and barley. The model consists of three competing kinetics: starch gelatinization, enzymatic hydrolysis, and enzyme thermal deactivation. Using established principles of starch rheology and fluid mechanics, the model simulates the velocity profiles of the falling stirrer, starch gel viscosity, and the Falling Number readings at various levels of alpha -amylase. Model predictions for the velocity of the stirrer at any time during the downward fall, as well as the prediction of the total time needed for the fall, defined as the Falling Number, were in fair agreement with experimental measurements. There was better agreement between the modeled viscosity and the final viscosity of the starch gel as measured by a precision rheometer than there was with the measured Falling Number. JF - Biotechnology and Bioengineering AU - Chang, S-Y AU - Delwiche AU - Wang, N S AD - USDA-ARS, Instrumentation and Sensing Laboratory, Building 303, BARC-East, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, delwiche@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - Sep 2002 SP - 768 EP - 775 VL - 79 IS - 7 SN - 0006-3592, 0006-3592 KW - Wheat KW - starch KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - W4 330:Biopolymers & Food Biotechnology KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18708795?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+and+Bioengineering&rft.atitle=Hydrolysis+of+wheat+starch+and+its+effect+on+the+Falling+Number+procedure%3A+Mathematical+model&rft.au=Chang%2C+S-Y%3BDelwiche%3BWang%2C+N+S&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=S-Y&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=768&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+and+Bioengineering&rft.issn=00063592&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbit.10333 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.10333 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic diversity and relationships of Campylobacter species and subspecies AN - 18691724; 5583217 AB - The existence of tremendous genetic diversity within Campylobacter species has been well documented. To analyse the population structure of Campylobacter and determine whether or not a clonal population structure could be detected, genetic diversity was assessed within the genus Campylobacter by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis of 156 isolates representing 11 species and subspecies from disparate sources. Analyses of electrophoretic mobility of 11 enzymes revealed 109 electrophoretic types (ETs) and 118 ETs when nulls were counted as an allele. Cluster analysis placed most ETs into groups that correlated with species. With nulls counted as alleles, 19 ETs were identified among 33 isolates of Campylobacter lari, 31 ETs among 34 isolates of Campylobacter coli and 43 ETs among 59 isolates of Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni. Nine C. jejuni subsp. jejuni isolates, confirmed as this species by DNA-DNA hybridization, were hippuricase-negative. Reported linkage analyses were done with nulls ignored. Scores for mean genetic diversity (H) were high for the total population (mean H = 0.802). Allelic mismatch-frequency distributions and allelic tracing pointed to possible genetic exchange between subpopulations. C. lari appears to be a panmictic species. Some pairs of species shared multiple alleles of certain loci, possibly indicating genetic exchange between species. Of the species tested, C. jejuni appeared to be the most active in sharing alleles. However, there was evidence of variable involvement in recombination by the different loci. Linkage analysis of loci in C. jejuni and C. coli revealed a clonal framework, with some loci tightly linked to each other. The loci appeared to occur in linkage groups or islands. Campylobacter may have a clonal framework with other portions of the genome involved in frequent recombination. Population genetic structure among Campylobacter is inconclusive and it remains to be seen if pathogenic types can be identified. JF - International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology AU - Meinersmann, R J AU - Patton, C M AU - Evins, G M AU - Kaye, W I AU - Fields, P I AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Russell Research Center, PO Box 5677, Athens, GA 30604, USA Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - Sep 2002 SP - 1789 EP - 1797 VL - 52 IS - 5 SN - 1466-5026, 1466-5026 KW - Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Genetics Abstracts KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18691724?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Systematic+and+Evolutionary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Genetic+diversity+and+relationships+of+Campylobacter+species+and+subspecies&rft.au=Meinersmann%2C+R+J%3BPatton%2C+C+M%3BEvins%2C+G+M%3BKaye%2C+W+I%3BFields%2C+P+I&rft.aulast=Meinersmann&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1789&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Systematic+and+Evolutionary+Microbiology&rft.issn=14665026&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reflectance characteristics and remote sensing of a riparian zone in South Texas AN - 18686488; 5585215 AB - This paper presents data on utilizing remote sensing technology for characterizing a riparian zone in southern Texas. Radiometric ground reflectance measurements, color-infrared aerial photography, and computer image processing techniques were conducted for this study. Reflectance measurements were made on 8 dominant vegetation types, soil, and water. Spectral measurements were made in the visible green (0.52-0.60 mu m), visible red (0.63-0.69 mu m), and near-infrared (0.76-0.90 mu m) wavelengths. Reflectance values differed significantly (P = 0.05) among the vegetation, soil, and water parameters at all 3 wavelengths. Differences in reflectance among the vegetation cover types were attributed to variable foliage coloration and vegetative density. A color-infrared photograph of the study area showed that many of the ecological surface types could be readily distinguished. An unsupervised computer classification of the photograph identified 8 ground classes. An accuracy assessment performed on the classification showed an overall accuracy of 88%. JF - Southwestern Naturalist AU - Everitt, J H AU - Yang, C AU - Escobar, DE AU - Lonard, R I AU - Davis, M R AD - USDA-ARS, Integrated Farming and Natural Resources Research, 2413 E. Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA, jeveritt@weslaco.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - Sep 2002 SP - 433 EP - 439 VL - 47 IS - 3 SN - 0038-4909, 0038-4909 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18686488?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southwestern+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Reflectance+characteristics+and+remote+sensing+of+a+riparian+zone+in+South+Texas&rft.au=Everitt%2C+J+H%3BYang%2C+C%3BEscobar%2C+DE%3BLonard%2C+R+I%3BDavis%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Everitt&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=433&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southwestern+Naturalist&rft.issn=00384909&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Insect Production from Temporary and Perennially Flowing Headwater Streams in Western Oregon AN - 18679091; 5574658 AB - To evaluate the contribution of headwater streams to the forest ecosystem of the Pacific Northwest, we used emergence traps to examine the effect of stream flow (perennial vs. dry-season temporary) on emergent aquatic insect fauna at three sites in the conifer forests of western Oregon. Total density and biomass of aquatic insects were higher in temporary streams than in perennial streams. Taxonomic richness was consistently higher in perennial streams. The number of Chironomidae exceeded those of all other taxa during the spring, but the chironomids were largely replaced by Mycetophilidae as the most abundant taxon during the summer, especially in temporary streams. Trichoptera and Ephemeroptera emerged in higher numbers from perennial than from temporary streams. These results are consistent with our hypothesis that the absence of vertebrate predators (fish and giant salamanders) allows the populations of arthropods in temporary streams to flourish, serving as: (1) a potential source of colonization and (2) an important role in the terrestrial food web as an abundant food source for terrestrial insectivores. JF - Journal of Freshwater Ecology AU - Progar, R A AU - Moldenke, A R AD - Forest Health Protection, USDA Forest Service, 1249 S. Vinnell Way, Suite 200, Boise, ID 83709, USA Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - Sep 2002 SP - 391 EP - 407 VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 0270-5060, 0270-5060 KW - Caddisflies KW - Fungus gnats KW - Mayflies KW - Midges KW - perennial streams KW - temporary streams KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Mycetophilidae KW - Chironomidae KW - Freshwater KW - Population dynamics KW - Streams KW - Ecological succession KW - Lotic environment KW - Ephemeroptera KW - USA, Oregon KW - Aquatic insects KW - Trichoptera KW - Abiotic factors KW - Rivers KW - Biomass KW - Stream flow KW - Dominant species KW - Community composition KW - Population structure KW - Emergence KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05210:Aquatic entomology KW - Q1 08422:Environmental effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18679091?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Freshwater+Ecology&rft.atitle=Insect+Production+from+Temporary+and+Perennially+Flowing+Headwater+Streams+in+Western+Oregon&rft.au=Progar%2C+R+A%3BMoldenke%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Progar&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=391&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Freshwater+Ecology&rft.issn=02705060&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Dominant species; Community composition; Lotic environment; Ecological succession; Population structure; Biomass; Population dynamics; Emergence; Aquatic insects; Stream flow; Abiotic factors; Streams; Mycetophilidae; Chironomidae; Ephemeroptera; Trichoptera; USA, Oregon; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic Analysis of the Role of Trichothecene and Fumonisin Mycotoxins in the Virulence of Fusarium AN - 18624950; 5536238 AB - The phytotoxicity of the Fusarium trichothecene and fumonisin mycotoxins has led to speculation that both toxins are involved in plant pathogenesis. This subject has been addressed by examining virulence of trichothecene and fumonisin-nonproducing mutants of Fusarium in field tests. Mutants were generated by transformation-mediated disruption of genes encoding enzymes that catalyze early steps in the biosynthesis of each toxin. Two economically important species of Fusarium were selected for these studies: the trichothecene-producing species Fusarium graminearum, which causes wheat head blight and maize ear rot, and the fumonisin-producing species F. verticillioides, which causes maize ear rot. Trichothecene-non-producing mutants of F. graminearum caused less disease than the wild-type strain from which they were derived on both wheat and maize, although differences in virulence on maize were not observed under hot and dry environmental conditions. Genetic analyses of the mutants demonstrated that the reduced virulence on wheat was caused by the loss of trichothecene production rather than by a non-target mutation induced by the gene disruption procedure. Although the analyses of virulence of fumonisin-non-producing mutants of F. verticillioides are not complete, to date, the mutants have been as virulent on maize ears as their wild-type progenitor strains. The finding that trichothecene production contributes to the virulence of F. graminearum suggests that it may be possible to generate plants that are resistant to this fungus by increasing their resistance to trichothecenes. As a result, several researchers are trying to identify trichothecene resistance genes and transfer them to crop species. JF - European Journal of Plant Pathology AU - Proctor, R AU - Desjardins, A AU - McCormick, S AU - Plattner, R AU - Alexander, N AU - Brown, D AD - National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA, proctorh@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - Sep 2002 SP - 691 EP - 698 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 108 IS - 7 SN - 0929-1873, 0929-1873 KW - trichothecenes KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18624950?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Genetic+Analysis+of+the+Role+of+Trichothecene+and+Fumonisin+Mycotoxins+in+the+Virulence+of+Fusarium&rft.au=Proctor%2C+R%3BDesjardins%2C+A%3BMcCormick%2C+S%3BPlattner%2C+R%3BAlexander%2C+N%3BBrown%2C+D&rft.aulast=Proctor&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=691&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=European+Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=09291873&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil carbon dioxide fluxes in northern semiarid grasslands AN - 18622027; 5515925 AB - The high indigenous soil organic carbon content, root biomass, and microbial populations in prairie soils provide a source of carbon dioxide (CO sub(2)) that is important in the carbon budget of grasslands. Soil chambers were used to measure soil CO sub(2) flux from a grazed mixed-grass prairie (GP), nongrazed mixed-grass prairie (NGP), and grazed western wheatgrass (WWG) [Pascopyrum smithii (Rybd) Loeve] grasslands in the Northern Great Plains, USA. Objectives were to quantify soil CO sub(2) fluxes for each site and to determine the contribution of soil temperature, soil water content, and air temperature to soil CO sub(2) flux. Soil CO sub(2) fluxes were measured on each site about every 21 d at 13:00 h during the 25 April-27 October growing period from 1996 to 2000 for NGP and GP and from 1996 to 1998 for WWG. Dormant period fluxes were measured on the GP from 28 October to 26 April from 1999 to 2001. In addition, five sequential daytime measurements were made on each site for 3 days each year. Fluxes were low in the spring and autumn and peaked concurrent with biomass in late June to mid-July. Maximum fluxes for these dissimilar managed grasslands averaged 5.8 g CO sub(2)-C m super(-2) d super(-1) for NGP, 6.9 g CO sub(2)-C m super(-2) d super(-1) for GP, and 6.1 g CO sub(2)-C m super(-2) d super(-1) for WWG. Soil fluxes measured during the dormant period decreased to near zero during the months of December, January, and February and then increased rapidly in March as soil temperatures increased. Daily soil flux during the growing period averaged 3.5 g CO sub(2)-C m super(-2) d super(-1) for NGP, 4.3 g CO sub(2)-C m super(-2) d super(-1) for GP, and 4.0 g CO sub(2)-C m super(-2) d super(-1) for WWG. Dormant period fluxes for the GP averaged 0.5 g CO sub(2)-C m super(-2) d super(-1). Regression analysis indicated that soil temperature accounted for 65%, soil water content 5%, and air temperature 3% of flux variability. Growing period soil CO sub(2) flux over years averaged 728 g CO sub(2)-C m super(-2) and dormant period CO sub(2) flux averaged 86 g CO sub(2)-C m super(-2). A predictive relationship describing the response of soil CO sub(2) flux to changes in soil temperature was developed using the minimum, maximum, and optimum soil temperatures for soil CO sub(2) flux. The model provides an estimate of the important dormant period soil flux component in annual ecosystem carbon budgets. JF - Soil Biology and Biochemistry AU - Frank, AB AU - Liebig, MA AU - Hanson, J D AD - USDA--Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, P.O. Box 459, Mandan, ND 58554, USA, franka@mandan.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - Sep 2002 SP - 1235 EP - 1241 VL - 34 IS - 9 SN - 0038-0717, 0038-0717 KW - carbon dioxide KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04600:Soil UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18622027?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corporate+Social+-+Responsibility+and+Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Corporate+Social+Performance+and+Stakeholder+Dialogue+Management&rft.au=Agudo-Valiente%2C+Jos%C3%A9+M%3BGarc%C3%A9s-Ayerbe%2C+Concepci%C3%B3n%3BSalvador-Figueras%2C+Manuel&rft.aulast=Agudo-Valiente&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9&rft.date=2015-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Corporate+Social+-+Responsibility+and+Environmental+Management&rft.issn=15353958&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Physiologic specialization of Puccinia triticina on wheat in the United States in 2000 AN - 18619049; 5513327 AB - Collections of Puccinia triticina were obtained from rust infected wheat leaves by cooperators throughout the United States and from surveys of wheat fields and nurseries in the Great Plains, Ohio Valley, Gulf Coast, and Atlantic Coast States in order to determine the virulence of the wheat leaf rust fungus in 2000. Single uredinial isolates (1,120 in total) were derived from the wheat leaf rust collections and tested for virulence phenotype on 16 lines of Thatcher wheat that are near-isogenic for leaf rust resistance genes. In the United States in 2000, 54 virulence phenotypes of P. triticina were found. Virulence phenotypes MBDS and MCDS, which are virulent to resistance gene Lr17, were the first and third most common phenotypes in the United States and were found in the Great Plains and the Ohio Valley regions. MCRK, which is virulent to Lr26, was the second most common phenotype and was found primarily in the Southeast, Ohio Valley, and Northeast regions. In the northern area of the Great Plains, phenotypes with virulence to Lr16 increased in frequency from 1998 and 1999. The Southeast and Great Plains regions had different predominant virulence phenotypes, which indicates that populations of P. triticina in those areas are not closely connected. The northern and southern areas of the Great Plains region had the same predominant virulence phenotypes, indicating movement of virulence phenotypes of P. triticina within this region. JF - Plant Disease AU - Long, D L AU - Kolmer, JA AU - Leonard, K J AU - Hushes, ME AD - Cereal Disease Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, 1551 Lindig St., St. Paul 55108, USA, jkolmer@cdl.umn.edu Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - Sep 2002 SP - 981 EP - 986 VL - 86 IS - 9 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Wheat KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18619049?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Physiologic+specialization+of+Puccinia+triticina+on+wheat+in+the+United+States+in+2000&rft.au=Long%2C+D+L%3BKolmer%2C+JA%3BLeonard%2C+K+J%3BHushes%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Long&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=981&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Organic Acids and Temperature on Survival of Shigella flexneri in Broth at pH 4 AN - 18616792; 5492679 AB - The survival of bacterial pathogens in acidified foods depends not only on the hydrogen ion concentration, but also on the type of acid and the storage temperature. Shigella flexneri is a foodborne pathogen that is acid tolerant. The survival of S. flexneri 5348 in brain heart infusion broth supplemented with 0.04 M acetic, citric, lactic, malic, or tartaric acid and adjusted to pH 4 with HCl or NaOH was studied. The control medium was brain heart infusion broth adjusted to pH 4 with HCl. Stationary-phase cells were inoculated into media at initial populations of 6 to 7 log sub(10) CFU/ml and incubated at 4, 19, 28, and 37 degree C. A two-phase linear inactivation model was applied to plate count data to derive lag times (t sub(L)) and slopes of the curves, from which D-values and time required for a 4-log sub(10) decrease in population (T sub(4D)) were calculated. In all cases, survival increased with decreasing temperature. For each acid, t sub(L), the D-value, and T sub(4D) increased with decreasing temperature. All acids inhibited S. flexneri to some extent but to differing degrees as follows: lactic acid, acetic acid > citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid > HCl. The T sub(4D) values for the control medium and for media containing acetic, citric, lactic, malic, and tartaric acids were 64, 47, 50, 34, 58, and 52 h, respectively, at 37 degree C and 2,607, 1,498, 1,905, 1,346, 1,726, and 2,134 h, respectively, at 4 degree C. The results of this study indicate that organic acids may aid in the inactivation of Shigella. However, these data also suggest that foods stored at or below room temperature containing low levels (<1%) of acids could cause illness if contaminated with Shigella. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Zaika, L L AD - Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - Sep 2002 SP - 1417 EP - 1421 VL - 65 IS - 9 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - acetic acid KW - citric acid KW - lactic acid KW - malic acid KW - tartaric acid KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01066:Antibacterial & bactericidal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18616792?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Organic+Acids+and+Temperature+on+Survival+of+Shigella+flexneri+in+Broth+at+pH+4&rft.au=Zaika%2C+L+L&rft.aulast=Zaika&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1417&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A new pathovar, Pseudomonas syringae pv. alisalensis pv. nov., proposed for the causal agent of bacterial blight of broccoli and broccoli raab AN - 18615193; 5513329 AB - The etiology of three foliar bacterial diseases of crucifers and the relationships between their causal agents were evaluated. Data from LOPAT, carbon utilization tests, and fatty acid analysis indicated that bacterial blights of broccoli and broccoli raab, and leaf spot of broccolini, were caused by strains of Pseudomonas syringae. Data from phage sensitivity, ice nucleation, single carbon source utilization, Polymerase chain reaction using BOXA1R primer (BOX-PCR), and host range analyses were identical for the pathogen causing leaf spot of broccolini and P. syringae pv. maculicola. The broccoli raab and broccoli pathogens infected broccoli raab, all crucifers tested, tomato, and three monocots (California brome, oat, and common timothy). None of the other pathogens tested (P. syringae pv. maculicola, P. syringae pv. tomato, or P. syringae pv. coronafaciens) caused disease on broccoli raab or on both crucifers and monocots. Data from phage sensitivity, ice nucleation, single carbon source utilization, BOX-PCR, and host range analyses were identical for the pathogens from broccoli raab and broccoli, but were different from other pathovars tested, and supported the hypothesis that a new pathovar of P. syringae pv. alisalensis pv. nov. caused a leaf blight on broccoli and broccoli raab. JF - Plant Disease AU - Cintas, NA AU - Koike, ST AU - Bull, C T AD - USDA, ARS, PWA, 1636 E. Alisal Ave., Salinas, CA 93905, USA, cbull@pw.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - Sep 2002 SP - 992 EP - 998 VL - 86 IS - 9 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01028:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18615193?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=A+new+pathovar%2C+Pseudomonas+syringae+pv.+alisalensis+pv.+nov.%2C+proposed+for+the+causal+agent+of+bacterial+blight+of+broccoli+and+broccoli+raab&rft.au=Cintas%2C+NA%3BKoike%2C+ST%3BBull%2C+C+T&rft.aulast=Cintas&rft.aufirst=NA&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=992&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Irradiation Temperature Influences Product Quality Factors of Frozen Vegetables and Radiation Sensitivity of Inoculated Listeria monocytogenes AN - 18614589; 5492677 AB - Four frozen vegetables (broccoli, corn, lima beans, and peas) were gamma irradiated at subfreezing temperatures ranging from -5 to -20 degree C to determine (i) the radiation sensitivity of an inoculated outbreak strain of Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 49594), (ii) the effect of changing irradiation conditions (i.e., temperature) on that sensitivity, and (iii) the effect of the recommended radiation dose on the texture and color of irradiated frozen vegetables. The amounts of radiation necessary to reduce the bacterial population by 90% (D sub(10)-values) for L. monocytogenes differed significantly among vegetables at each irradiation temperature. D sub(10) increased significantly with decreasing temperature for all vegetables, with each vegetable showing a different response pattern. At an irradiation temperature of -5 degree C, D sub(10) ranged from 0.505 kGy for broccoli to 0.613 kGy for corn. At -20 degree C, D sub(10) ranged from 0.767 kGy for lima beans to 0.916 kGy for peas. At -20 degree C, radiation doses sufficient to achieve a 5-log sub(10) kill (3.9 to 4.6 kGy) caused significant softening of peas and broccoli stems but not of corn or lima beans. Lower doses of comparable antimicrobial efficacy delivered at -5 degree C (2.5 to 3.1 kGy) did not cause significant changes in texture in any vegetable. Color varied significantly among the dose-temperature combinations only for broccoli florets; this variation did not demonstrate a clear pattern of quality changes in response to irradiation. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Niemira, BA AU - Fan, Xuetong AU - Sommers, CH AD - Food Safety Intervention Technologies Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - Sep 2002 SP - 1406 EP - 1410 VL - 65 IS - 9 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18614589?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Cleaner+Production&rft.atitle=Commitment+to+Corporate+social+responsibility+measured+through+global+reporting+initiative+reporting%3A+factors+affecting+the+behavior+of+companies&rft.au=Fernandez-Feijoo%2C+Belen%3BRomero%2C+Silvia%3BRuiz%2C+Silvia&rft.aulast=Fernandez-Feijoo&rft.aufirst=Belen&rft.date=2014-10-15&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=&rft.spage=244&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Cleaner+Production&rft.issn=09596526&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jclepro.2014.06.034 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lygus hesperus feeding and salivary gland extracts induce volatile emissions in plants AN - 18614274; 5526654 AB - Induction of plant volatiles by leaf-chewing caterpillars is well documented. However, there is much less information about volatile induction by insects with different feeding habits. We studied the induction of plant volatiles by a piercing-sucking insect, the western tarnished plant bug Lygus hesperus Knight. Adults of both genders and nymphs of Lygus induced the local emission of a blend of volatiles from both cotton and maize. Feeding by Lygus also induced the systemic emission of volatiles that was similar but less complex than the blend emitted at the site of feeding. Infestation by mated, mature adult females (>4 days old), but not by nymphs or mature males, caused detectable emission of alpha -pinene, myrcene, and (E)- beta -caryophyllene, compounds that are stored in the glands of cotton tissue. This indicated that damage to glands in the petiole and leaf by the female ovipositor, rather than feeding, contributed significantly to the emission of these volatiles. Girdling the plant stem to disrupt phloem transport markedly decreased the movement of super(14)C-labeled photosynthetic products to the apex of the plant, and this treatment also markedly reduced the amount of systemically induced volatiles caused by Lygus feeding. Lygus salivary gland extracts were capable of inducing emission of the same volatile blend as measured for plants infested by feeding insects or treated with volicitin, an elicitor isolated from caterpillar regurgitant. The results indicate that L. hesperus is capable of inducing the emission of plant volatiles and that induction is caused by an elicitor that is contained in the insect salivary gland. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Rodriguez-Saona, C AU - Crafts-Brandner, S J AU - Williams, L III AU - Pare, P W AD - USDA-ARS Western Cotton Research Lab. Phoenix, Arizona 85040, USA, scraftsbrandner@wcrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - Sep 2002 SP - 1733 EP - 1747 VL - 28 IS - 9 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Hemiptera KW - Seed bugs KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18614274?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Lygus+hesperus+feeding+and+salivary+gland+extracts+induce+volatile+emissions+in+plants&rft.au=Rodriguez-Saona%2C+C%3BCrafts-Brandner%2C+S+J%3BWilliams%2C+L+III%3BPare%2C+P+W&rft.aulast=Rodriguez-Saona&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1733&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential response of selected peanut (Arachis hypogaea) genotypes to mechanical inoculation by Tomato spotted wilt virus AN - 18613613; 5513517 AB - Screening of peanut germ plasm for resistance to Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) has been largely inefficient due to the lack of a screening technique based on mechanical transmission of the virus under controlled environmental conditions. We have studied the reaction of three peanut cultivars (Georgia Green, Georgia Runner, C-99R) and one breeding line (C11-2-39) using a highly efficient mechanical inoculation procedure. The disease response was studied at two temperature regimes, 25 to 30 degree C (low temperature) and 30 to 37 degree C (high temperature). Based on percent transmission, symptomatology, distribution of TSWV, and relative levels of TSWV nucleocapsid (N) protein, Georgia Runner and Georgia Green were found to be susceptible, whereas C-99R and C11-2-39 were resistant. Of the four genotypes tested, C11-2-39 had the highest level of resistance to TSWV. The results correlated with the field performance of the genotypes except in the case of Georgia Green, which could not be distinguished from TSWV-susceptible Georgia Runner. Exposure of the inoculated plants to higher temperature (30 to 37 degree C) resulted in a better resistant response as reflected by reduced systemic infection, localized symptom expression, restricted viral movement, and reduced levels of TSWV antigen. To our knowledge, this is the first report of differential response of peanut genotypes to TSWV using mechanical inoculation. The four peanut genotypes should be useful as reference standards for the initial screening and identification of sources of TSWV resistance in peanut germ plasm. JF - Plant Disease AU - Mandal, B AU - Pappu, H R AU - Culbreath, A K AU - Holbrook, C C AU - Gorbet, D W AU - Todd, J W AD - Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, GA 31793, USA, hanu.r.pappu@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - Sep 2002 SP - 939 EP - 944 VL - 86 IS - 9 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - nucleocapsid protein KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - V 22182:Susceptibility & virus multiplication KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18613613?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Differential+response+of+selected+peanut+%28Arachis+hypogaea%29+genotypes+to+mechanical+inoculation+by+Tomato+spotted+wilt+virus&rft.au=Mandal%2C+B%3BPappu%2C+H+R%3BCulbreath%2C+A+K%3BHolbrook%2C+C+C%3BGorbet%2C+D+W%3BTodd%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Mandal&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=939&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enantiospecific antennal response of bark beetles to spiroacetal (E)-conophthorin AN - 18612836; 5526662 AB - Optically pure synthetic enantiomers of (E)-conophthorin [(E)-7-methyl-1,6-dioxaspiro[4.5]decane], one of the volatiles affecting coniferophagous bark beetles, were tested on antennae of Ips typographus, I. duplicatus, I. subelongatus, Dendroctonus micans, and five Scolytus spp. by using combined gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD). EAD dose-responses indicated that all three Ips species perceived only the naturally occurring and quantitatively dominant (5S,7S)-enantiomer, while its antipode, (5R,7R)-(E)-conophthroin was antennally inactive. Response thresholds for the Ips species were estimated as between 0.1 ng and 1 ng, or lower. The antennal responses of the Ips species caused by 100 ng of the (5R,7R)-enantiomer might be due to 1% impurity-(the active (5S,7S)-enantiomer) in the (5R,7R)-sample. At the 50-ng level, D. micans and five angiosperm Scolytus species (S. intracatus, S. mali, S. ratzeburgi, S. rugulosus, and S. scolytus) responded strongly to the (5S,7S)-enantiomer, while the (5R,7R)-enantiomer was antennally inactive. Currently updated knowledge on the natural occurrence, and electrophysiological and behavioral activity of (E)-conophthorin is summarized. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Zhang, Q-H AU - Tolasch, T AU - Schlyter, F AU - Francke, W AD - USDA-ARS Chemicals Affecting Insect Behavior. Laboratory, BARC-West, B-007, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA, zhangq@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - Sep 2002 SP - 1839 EP - 1852 VL - 28 IS - 9 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - (E)-conophthorin KW - Bark beetles KW - Coleoptera KW - conophthorin KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Chemoreception Abstracts KW - Z 05167:Behavior KW - D 04659:Insects KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18612836?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Enantiospecific+antennal+response+of+bark+beetles+to+spiroacetal+%28E%29-conophthorin&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Q-H%3BTolasch%2C+T%3BSchlyter%2C+F%3BFrancke%2C+W&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Q-H&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1839&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of optical sorting to detect wheat kernels infected with Tilletia indica AN - 18612819; 5513332 AB - Wheat infected with Tilletia indica is subject to international regulation by 78 countries, and U.S. economic losses could exceed $1 billion if T. indica was found throughout major wheat-producing regions and caused wheat exports to be halted. Samples are currently manually inspected for the presence of kernels with Karnal bunt as part of routine survey methods. This visual inspection of all seed in a sample can result in harvest delays due to long inspection times and missed kernels due to inspector fatigue. A high-speed sorter was tested to determine if infected kernels could be rapidly removed from 1,800-g wheat samples. When the sorter removed about 8% or more of the sample, the reject portion contained 100% of the bunted kernels. Concentrating the bunted kernels in a smaller sample size will reduce sample inspection time and should reduce inspection errors. One high-speed sorter can process up to 8,800 kg/h; thus, bunted kernels can be rapidly removed from samples or large lots. Each sample was sorted in less than 1 min. This technology provides the wheat industry with a tool to rapidly inspect samples to aid in regulating Karnal bunt, and to remove bunted grains from seed wheat and wheat destined for food or feed use. JF - Plant Disease AU - Dowell, F E AU - Boratynski, T N AU - Ykema, R E AU - Dowdy, A K AU - Staten, R T AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Grain Marketing and Production Research Center, Manhattan, KS 66503, USA, fdowell@gmprc.ksu.edu Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - Sep 2002 SP - 1011 EP - 1013 VL - 86 IS - 9 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Wheat KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18612819?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Use+of+optical+sorting+to+detect+wheat+kernels+infected+with+Tilletia+indica&rft.au=Dowell%2C+F+E%3BBoratynski%2C+T+N%3BYkema%2C+R+E%3BDowdy%2C+A+K%3BStaten%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Dowell&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1011&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Suspending Lettuce Type Influences Recoverability and Radiation Sensitivity of Escherichia coli O157:H7 AN - 18609453; 5492675 AB - An outbreak strain of Escherichia coli O157:H7 was inoculated onto closely related but structurally distinct types of lettuce (Lactuca sativa): Boston (butterhead lettuce), iceberg (crisphead lettuce), and green leaf and red leaf (colored variants of looseleaf lettuce). The E. coli O157:H7 was inoculated either onto the surface of cut leaf pieces or into a homogenized leaf suspension. Samples were gamma irradiated, and the radiation sensitivity of the inoculated bacteria was expressed as a D-value (the amount of ionizing radiation necessary to reduce the bacterial population by 90% [kGy]). The recovery of bacteria from nonirradiated leaf pieces was also measured. When inoculated onto the leaf surface, E. coli O157:H7 had significantly stronger radiation sensitivity on red leaf lettuce (D = 0.119 plus or minus 0.004 [standard error]) and green leaf lettuce (D = 0.123 plus or minus 0.003) than on iceberg lettuce (D = 0.136 plus or minus 0.004) or Boston lettuce (D = 0.140 plus or minus 0.003). When E. coli O157:H7 was inoculated into a homogenized leaf suspension, its sensitivity was significantly stronger on iceberg lettuce (D = 0.092 plus or minus 0.002) than on green leaf lettuce (D = 0.326 plus or minus 0.012), Boston lettuce (D = 0.331 plus or minus 0.009), or red leaf lettuce (D = 0.339 plus or minus 0.010), with a threefold difference. Significantly fewer bacteria were recovered from the surface of iceberg lettuce than from the surfaces of the other types of lettuce examined. Following radiation doses of up to 0.5 kGy, the texture (maximum shear strength) of lettuce leaves was measured along the midrib and along the leaf edge for each type of lettuce. There was no meaningful change in texture for any type of lettuce for either leaf section examined at any dose up to 0.5 kGy. These data show (i) that relatively subtle differences between lettuce types can significantly influence the radiation sensitivity of associated pathogenic bacteria and (ii) that doses of up to 0.5 kGy do not soften lettuce leaves. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Niemira, BA AU - Sommers, CH AU - Fan, Xuetong AD - Food Safety Intervention Technologies Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - Sep 2002 SP - 1388 EP - 1393 VL - 65 IS - 9 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Lettuce KW - food-borne diseases KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18609453?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Organisation+and+Human+Behaviour&rft.atitle=Correlates+of+Organizational+Culture+and+Social+Responsibility%3A+An+Empirical+Study+of+College+Teachers&rft.au=Pandu%2C+A%3BKamaraj%2C+S&rft.aulast=Pandu&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2016-04-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Organisation+and+Human+Behaviour&rft.issn=22773274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An economic analysis of predator removal approaches for protecting marine turtle nests at Hobe Sound National Wildlife Refuge AN - 18603538; 5510944 AB - Hobe Sound National Wildlife Refuge (HSNWR) on Florida's east coast provides undisturbed nesting habitat for three species of threatened or endangered marine turtles. Predation by raccoons and armadillos poses the greatest risk to turtle nests, and predator control has been identified as the most important management tool for enhancing nesting productivity. Recently, estimates of the number of nests that would have been lost in the 2000 nesting and incubation season were made using the results from four control approaches. These approaches were, in order of descending complexity: (1) refuge control enhanced by a one person-month contract with federal control specialists, with that control optimized using a passive tracking methodology for monitoring predators; (2) refuge control enhanced by a one person-month contract with federal control specialists, without predator monitoring; (3) refuge control, but no contract with specialists; (4) no control. In that analysis, approach 1 resulted in the fewest turtles lost to predation. In this paper, we perform a benefit-cost analysis to determine if operational efficacy translates into economic efficiency. Approach 1 had by far the best benefit-cost ratio for loggerhead turtles, but approach 2 was best for Atlantic green and leatherback turtles. However, almost 90% of the turtles nesting at HSNWR are loggerhead, and this area is vital to loggerhead survival. Thus, approach 1 also had by far the best benefit-cost ratio over all turtle species, saving approximately $1.7 million over approach 2, $2.6 million over approach 3 and $8.4 million over approach 4. Given these results, one must ask how can we afford not to control predators, and furthermore, how can we not afford to take the minimal extra steps to maximize control efficacy. JF - Ecological Economics AU - Engeman, R M AU - Shwiff, SA AU - Constantin, B AU - Stahl, M AU - Smith, H T AD - National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Ave., Fort Collins, CO 80521-2154, USA, richard.m.engeman@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - Sep 2002 SP - 469 EP - 478 VL - 42 IS - 3 SN - 0921-8009, 0921-8009 KW - Green sea turtle KW - Green turtle KW - Leatherback KW - Leatherback sea turtle KW - Loggerhead KW - Loggerhead sea turtle KW - Marine turtles KW - Modern sea turtles KW - Raccoon KW - Sea turtles KW - Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - USA, Florida KW - Predation KW - Aquatic reptiles KW - Caretta caretta KW - Predators KW - Cheloniidae KW - Nests KW - Costs KW - Procyon lotor KW - Ecosystem management KW - Nature reserves KW - Armadillo KW - Dermochelys coriacea KW - Marine KW - ASW, USA, Florida, Hobe Sound Natl. Wildlife Refuge KW - Beaches KW - Refuges KW - Rare species KW - Breeding sites KW - Chelonia mydas KW - Marine parks KW - Nature conservation KW - Endangered species KW - Sanctuaries KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - D 04670:Reptiles KW - Q1 08121:Law, policy, economics and social sciences KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18603538?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Economics&rft.atitle=An+economic+analysis+of+predator+removal+approaches+for+protecting+marine+turtle+nests+at+Hobe+Sound+National+Wildlife+Refuge&rft.au=Engeman%2C+R+M%3BShwiff%2C+SA%3BConstantin%2C+B%3BStahl%2C+M%3BSmith%2C+H+T&rft.aulast=Engeman&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=469&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Economics&rft.issn=09218009&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Costs; Beaches; Refuges; Breeding sites; Aquatic reptiles; Nature conservation; Ecosystem management; Marine parks; Predators; Rare species; Sanctuaries; Nests; Predation; Endangered species; Nature reserves; Chelonia mydas; Procyon lotor; Caretta caretta; Dermochelys coriacea; Cheloniidae; Armadillo; ASW, USA, Florida, Hobe Sound Natl. Wildlife Refuge; USA, Florida; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Population changes in Phytophthora infestans in Taiwan associated with the appearance of resistance to metalaxyl AN - 18594425; 5460702 AB - In recent years, late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont) De Bary, has increased in severity in many parts of the world, and this has been associated with migrations which have introduced new, arguably more aggressive, populations of the pathogen. In Taiwan, late blight has been endemic on outdoor tomato crops grown in the highlands since the early 1900s, but recent epidemics have been more damaging. To ascertain the present status of the Taiwanese population of P infestans, 139 isolates of the pathogen collected and maintained by the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (AVRDC) were characterized using mating type, metalaxyl sensitivity, allozyme genotype, mitochondrial haplotype and RFLP fingerprinting. Up to 1997, all isolates were found to belong to the old clonal lineage of P infestans (US-1 and variants), but in isolates from 1998 a new genotype appeared, and by 2000 this had apparently completely displaced the old population. This new genotype was an A1 mating type and has the dilocus allozyme genotype 100/100/111, 100/100 for the loci coding for glucose-6-phosphate isomerase and peptidase, respectively. These characters, together with RG57 fingerprinting, indicated that these isolates belonged to the US-11 clonal lineage, a minority (11%) being a previously unreported variant of US-11. Whereas metalaxyl-resistant isolates were not detected in the old population, 96% of the new genotypes proved resistant, with the remainder being intermediate in sensitivity. It may be inferred from this sudden, marked change in the characteristics of the Taiwanese P infestans that a new population of the pathogen was introduced around 1997-98 and that this may well have already been metalaxyl-resistant when it arrived, although a role for in situ selection cannot be excluded. JF - Pest Management Science AU - Deahl, K L AU - Cooke, L R AU - Black, L L AU - Wang, Tien Chen AU - Perez, F M AU - Moravec, B C AU - Quinn, M AU - Jones, R W AD - USDA, ARS, PSI, Vegetable Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, DeahlK@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - Sep 2002 SP - 951 EP - 958 VL - 58 IS - 9 SN - 1526-498X, 1526-498X KW - metalaxyl KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01064:Microbial resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18594425?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pest+Management+Science&rft.atitle=Population+changes+in+Phytophthora+infestans+in+Taiwan+associated+with+the+appearance+of+resistance+to+metalaxyl&rft.au=Deahl%2C+K+L%3BCooke%2C+L+R%3BBlack%2C+L+L%3BWang%2C+Tien+Chen%3BPerez%2C+F+M%3BMoravec%2C+B+C%3BQuinn%2C+M%3BJones%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Deahl&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=951&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pest+Management+Science&rft.issn=1526498X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fps.559 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.559 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predicting pesticide volatilization from soils AN - 18545895; 5490937 AB - Due to concerns about public health and environmental contamination, there has been great interest in improving our understanding of the processes and mechanisms that affect pesticide emissions from fields. For many situations, predicting pesticide volatilization has been limited to simple situations that often neglect important environmental conditions such as changes in ambient temperature and /or the effect of micrometeorological conditions. Recent research has shown that changes in ambient temperature can strongly affect methyl bromide (Me Br) volatilization under field conditions. Little research has been conducted that couples atmospheric processes to the volatilization of pesticides from soils. A field study was conducted to measure the volatilization of methyl bromide from a 3.5 ha field. Four methods were used to obtain the volatilization rate as a function of time. A one-dimensional numerical model was developed and used to simulate the fate and transport of methyl bromide from the fumigated field. The numerical simulation simultaneously solves water, heat, and solute transport equations including chemical transport in the vapor phase. Three volatilization boundary conditions were used to assess their accuracy in predicting the volatilization rates. The first two boundary conditions follow stagnant boundary layer theory and use no atmospheric information. For these boundary conditions, one assumes isothermal conditions and the other assumes temperature-dependent conditions. The third boundary condition couples soil and atmospheric processes and was found to provide an accurate and credible simulation of the instantaneous volatilization rates compared to a stagnant boundary layer condition. For some information such as cumulative emissions, the simulations for each boundary condition provided similar results. This indicates that simplified methods may be appropriate for obtaining certain information. JF - Environmetrics AU - Yates AU - Wang, D AU - Papiernik, S K AU - Gan, J AD - USDA-ARS, George E. Brown, Jr. Salinity Laboratory, 450 W. Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA 92507, USA, syates@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - Sep 2002 SP - 569 EP - 578 VL - 13 IS - 5-6 SN - 1180-4009, 1180-4009 KW - methyl bromide KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - W4 220:Environmental Modeling KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18545895?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmetrics&rft.atitle=Predicting+pesticide+volatilization+from+soils&rft.au=Yates%3BWang%2C+D%3BPapiernik%2C+S+K%3BGan%2C+J&rft.aulast=Yates&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=5-6&rft.spage=569&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmetrics&rft.issn=11804009&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fenv.542 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/env.542 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Accumulation of lignin residues in organic matter fractions of lowland rice soils: A pyrolysis-GC-MS study AN - 18535077; 5494489 AB - In tropical Asia, multiple annual cropping of lowland rice and the associated submerged soil conditions have been linked to long-term changes in nitrogen (N) cycling and the chemical nature of soil organic matter. To identify changes in organic matter properties, two humic acid fractions and whole soil samples were obtained from field treatments of lowland rice that varied in cropping intensity, fertilizer management, and location. These samples were methylated and analyzed by pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. With compounds expressed in relative abundance, whole soil was enriched in nonmethoxybenzene compounds and heterocyclic N compounds compared with extracted humic acids. The young mobile humic acid (MHA) fraction had a wide diversity of methoxybenzenes that are associated with lignin residues. The more recalcitrant calcium humate (CaHA) fraction had characteristics intermediate between whole soil and MHA. Under intensified cropping and increased soil submergence, lignin residues increased in relative abundance in all three fractions. Heterocyclic N compounds decreased with intensified cropping, consistent with previous analysis by super(15)N nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Their parent compounds may be primarily naturally occurring heterocyclic N compounds. For whole soil, and especially the MHA, submergence effects were accentuated in treatments with high fertilizer rates, trends that may be related to the balance between input rates and degradation rates of crop residues. The ratio of myristic acid: stearic acid varied with soil submergence, fertilizer rate, and type of fraction in patterns following the abundance of methoxybenzenes. In general, responses of the MHA and CaHA to field treatments were representative of whole soil. JF - Soil Science AU - Olk, D C AU - Dancel, M C AU - Moscoso, E AU - Jimenez, R R AU - Dayrit, F M AD - National Soil Tilth Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 2150 Pammel Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USA, olk@nstl.gov Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - Sep 2002 SP - 590 EP - 606 VL - 167 IS - 9 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - lignin KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18535077?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Accumulation+of+lignin+residues+in+organic+matter+fractions+of+lowland+rice+soils%3A+A+pyrolysis-GC-MS+study&rft.au=Olk%2C+D+C%3BDancel%2C+M+C%3BMoscoso%2C+E%3BJimenez%2C+R+R%3BDayrit%2C+F+M&rft.aulast=Olk&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=167&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=590&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Established T sub(H1) Granulomatous Responses Induced by Active Mycobacterium avium Infection Switch to T sub(H2) Following Challenge with Schistosoma mansoni AN - 18500950; 5465826 AB - Mycobacterium avium established a systemic infection with granulomatous inflammation in mice. Mice chronically infected with M. avium and subsequently co-infected with Schistosoma mansoni developed additional, but morphologically distinct, hepatic granulomas. Schistosome eggs were not deposited in the spleen, and splenic granulomas in co-infected mice contained mycobacteria. In complete contrast to the T sub(H1) cytokine pattern observed with granuloma lymphocytes from M. avium-infected mice, granuloma lymphocytes from co-infected mice stimulated with PPD elaborated IL-4, but not IFN- gamma . Furthermore, mycobacterial granulomas in concurrently infected mice contained large numbers of eosinophils, a feature never seen in granulomas of M. avium-infected mice. Serum IgG1 and IgE levels in concurrently infected mice were significantly higher, but IgG2a levels significantly lower, than those in M. avium-infected mice, further evidence that the T sub(H1) component induced by M. avium is modulated subsequent to co-infection with S. mansoni. The dominance of the T sub(H2) response observed in this model could have clinical implications in areas where parasites and mycobacteria co-exist. JF - Clinical Immunology AU - Sacco, R E AU - Hagen, M AU - Sandor, M AU - Weinstock, J V AU - Lynch, R G AD - Respiratory Diseases Unit, National Animal Disease Center, 2300 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, USA, rsacco@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - Sep 2002 SP - 274 EP - 281 VL - 104 IS - 3 SN - 1521-6616, 1521-6616 KW - mice KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms KW - F 06804:Helminths KW - F 06756:Function UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18500950?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Immunology&rft.atitle=Established+T+sub%28H1%29+Granulomatous+Responses+Induced+by+Active+Mycobacterium+avium+Infection+Switch+to+T+sub%28H2%29+Following+Challenge+with+Schistosoma+mansoni&rft.au=Sacco%2C+R+E%3BHagen%2C+M%3BSandor%2C+M%3BWeinstock%2C+J+V%3BLynch%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Sacco&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=274&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Immunology&rft.issn=15216616&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fclim.2002.5263 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/clim.2002.5263 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Temperature and Host on Development of Brachycaudus schwartzi (Homoptera: Aphididae) AN - 18497148; 5459892 AB - Populations of Brachycaudus schwartzi (Boerner) were found on peach and nectarine (Prunus persica Siebold & Zuccarini) trees in Parlier, CA, in summer 2000. To determine if this aphid could be a pest of P. persica , a nine-variety host range test was conducted using a no-choice arena and temperature-dependent development studies of the aphid at 15, 20, 22.5, 25, 27.5, 30, and 32.5 'C. Nectarine variety Mayfire (rm = 0.286) and Queencrest peach (rm = 0.283) were found to be the best hosts followed by Mayglo nectarine (rm = 0.253). Mayfire was, therefore, selected as the host plant for the colony and for the temperature development studies. Detached shoot terminals of Mayfire were maintained on Hoagland's solution and placed in small cages in growth chambers. One adult aphid was introduced onto each flush and development of aphid offspring was monitored daily. The shortest developmental time from first instar to adult aphid was 6.9 d at 25 'C and the longest was 19.9 d at 15 'C. Adult longevity was 38.5 d at 15 'C and the highest offspring per female was 46.4 nymphs per female at 20 'C. The intrinsic rate of increase (rm) rose sharply from 15 'C (0.109 nymphs/[male ]/d) to a maximum at 25 'C (rm = 0.286), and then fell sharply at 27.5 'C with high mortality at 30 'C and above. The lower threshold for development was 10.04 'C. Overall, the data indicate that B. schwartzi does better at cooler temperatures and that early season peach or nectarine varieties may be susceptible to damage by this aphid. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Satar, S AU - Yokomi, R AD - Cukurova University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Balcali 01030 Adana, Turkey, ryokomi@fresno.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - Sep 2002 SP - 597 EP - 602 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 95 IS - 5 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Aphids KW - Homoptera KW - Hymenoptera KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18497148?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Temperature+and+Host+on+Development+of+Brachycaudus+schwartzi+%28Homoptera%3A+Aphididae%29&rft.au=Satar%2C+S%3BYokomi%2C+R&rft.aulast=Satar&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=597&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0013-8746%282002%29095%280597%3AEOTAHO%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0013-8746&volume=95&page=597 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0013-8746(2002)095(0597:EOTAHO)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Markers polymorphic among malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars of a narrow gene pool associated with key QTLs AN - 18481008; 5452191 AB - Barley used for malting is a fine-tuned organism, and it requires breeding within narrow gene pools for realistic cultivar enhancement. Significant phenotypic advance within such narrow gene pools has been achieved and the necessary genetic variability for breeding progress has been documented, but it was not well understood. This study was conducted to further characterize detectable genetic variability present within a select set of four closely related malting barley cultivars using three types of molecular markers: RFLP, PCR-RAPD and AFLP. The markers that identified polymorphism among the select malting cultivars tended to link with each other and to map in chromosomal regions associated with quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for agronomic and malting quality traits that differed among the four cultivars. Although RFLPs identified the least amount of polymorphism, the differences detected by the RFLPs best fit the chronology of the cultivars. These results indicate that a large amount of the genetic variability necessary for cultivar improvement may have originally been present in the breeding gene pool, but does not rule out de novo variation. Study of the populations from crosses within this narrow germplasm is needed to further elucidate the basis of the phenotypic variability found among these select barley cultivars. JF - Theoretical and Applied Genetics AU - Hoffman, D AU - Dahleen, L AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Small Grains Germplasm Research Facility, 1991 S 2700 W, Aberdeen, Idaho 83210, USA, dhoffman@uidaho.edu Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - Sep 2002 SP - 544 EP - 554 PB - Springer-Verlag, [URL:http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00122/bibs/2105 004/21050544.htm] VL - 105 IS - 4 SN - 0040-5752, 0040-5752 KW - Barley KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - G 07358:Monocotyledons (crops) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 310:Agricultural Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18481008?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Theoretical+and+Applied+Genetics&rft.atitle=Markers+polymorphic+among+malting+barley+%28Hordeum+vulgare+L.%29+cultivars+of+a+narrow+gene+pool+associated+with+key+QTLs&rft.au=Hoffman%2C+D%3BDahleen%2C+L&rft.aulast=Hoffman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=544&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Theoretical+and+Applied+Genetics&rft.issn=00405752&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00122-002-0954-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00122-002-0954-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of decomposing Pacific salmon carcasses on macroinvertebrate growth and standing stock in southeastern Alaska streams AN - 18480455; 5448896 AB - We compared macroinvertebrate growth rates and standing stock in the absence and presence of meat from Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) carcasses in microcosm and natural stream rearing experiments in southeastern Alaska. In microcosm experiments, the presence of salmon meat increased growth rates and standing stock for the shredder Zapada cinctipes and the collector Psychoglypha subborealis, but not the predator Rhyacophila sp., or the scraper Cinygmula sp. In natural stream experiments, the presence of salmon meat increased the growth rate and standing stock of P. subborealis, but increased only the growth rate of Z. cinctipes. Macroinvertebrate responses to inputs of salmon-derived organic material can vary by species, which may reflect their feeding ecology. Macroinvertebrate taxa belonging to the collector functional-feeding group are likely to be important in transferring the effects of spawning salmon to the rest of the food web in southeastern Alaska streams. JF - Journal of the North American Benthological Society AU - Chaloner, D T AU - Wipfli AD - Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 1133 N. Western Ave., Wenatchee, Washington 98801 USA, chaloner.1@nd.edu Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - Sep 2002 SP - 430 EP - 442 VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 0887-3593, 0887-3593 KW - Caddisflies KW - Mayflies KW - Stoneflies KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Freshwater KW - D 04310:Freshwater KW - Q1 01425:Nutrition and feeding habits KW - Z 05210:Aquatic entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18480455?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+North+American+Benthological+Society&rft.atitle=Influence+of+decomposing+Pacific+salmon+carcasses+on+macroinvertebrate+growth+and+standing+stock+in+southeastern+Alaska+streams&rft.au=Chaloner%2C+D+T%3BWipfli&rft.aulast=Chaloner&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=430&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+North+American+Benthological+Society&rft.issn=08873593&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparing the two paradigms for fixed-area sampling in large-scale inventories AN - 18450699; 5424312 AB - The majority of large-scale forest inventories use some form of fixed-area sampling. In recent books and scientific publications, the estimators for these surveys have been derived using two different paradigms. The first, which will be referred to as the tessellated plane paradigm, relies on the assumption that the area is divided into equal area contiguous blocks which constitutes an area sampling frame. These blocks can be formed using the pixels of a satellite image. Inference for this paradigm is drawn by considering the distribution of the finite number of possible estimates derived from the area frame. The other approach will be referred to as the continuous plane paradigm, which assumes random positioning of the sample plots. Inference for this paradigm can be drawn without relying on an area frame. The necessary assumptions for using either paradigm are compared when current forestry techniques, such as the use of open cluster plots and satellite imagery, are used. The tessellated population paradigm requires many more assumptions, some of which may be difficult to justify. Estimators of both forest area and basal area under these paradigms are contrasted and the strengths and weaknesses of both are compared. The primary advantage of the tessellated population paradigm is that more strata can be used to reduce the variance of the estimators. Both paradigms appear to be reasonable alternatives until some of the practical problems of forest inventories are considered. Examples include the difficulty associated with measuring plots that partially cover water and adjusting for changes in remote sensing technologies over time. In these situations, the tessellated population paradigm may be more difficult to implement because of the difficulty in estimating changes over time and properly accounting for linear and fragmented strata, such as rivers and lakes. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Williams AU - Eriksson, M AD - Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 2150 A Center Drive, Suite 361, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA, mswilliams@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/09/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Sep 01 SP - 135 EP - 148 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 168 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18450699?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Comparing+the+two+paradigms+for+fixed-area+sampling+in+large-scale+inventories&rft.au=Williams%3BEriksson%2C+M&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=168&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Foliar disease in fresh-market tomato grown in differing bed strategies and fungicide spray programs AN - 16146584; 5513323 AB - A 3-year field study in central Maryland evaluated foliar disease in fresh-market tomato grown using combinations of four bed strategies and three fungicide programs. Bed strategies included uncovered beds with or without a composted dairy manure amendment or beds covered with black polyethylene or hairy vetch mulch. Fungicide programs included no fungicide, weekly fungicide, or fungicide applications scheduled according to the TOMCAST disease predictor. In plots with hairy vetch-covered beds, early blight caused by Alternaria solani, Septoria leaf spot caused by Septoria lycopersici, and defoliation were lower versus uncovered beds each year. Early blight and defoliation were lower in beds covered with vetch versus polyethylene mulch in 2 of 3 years. Disease severity, defoliation, and marketable yield were similar for the weekly and TOMCAST fungicide programs, with 40 to 50% fewer sprays using TOMCAST. Marketable yield was similar among bed strategies except for higher yields in covered versus uncovered and unamended beds in a relatively wet year and lower yields in vetch versus polyethylene beds in a dry year. JF - Plant Disease AU - Mills, D J AU - Coffman, C B AU - Teasdale, J R AU - Everts, K L AU - Abdul-Baki, A A AU - Lydon, J AU - Anderson, J D AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, ccoffman@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - Sep 2002 SP - 955 EP - 959 VL - 86 IS - 9 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Plant diseases KW - Yield KW - Septoria lycopersici KW - Blight KW - Leafspot KW - Fungicides KW - Alternaria solani KW - Composting KW - USA, Maryland KW - A 01031:Antifungal & fungicidal agents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16146584?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Foliar+disease+in+fresh-market+tomato+grown+in+differing+bed+strategies+and+fungicide+spray+programs&rft.au=Mills%2C+D+J%3BCoffman%2C+C+B%3BTeasdale%2C+J+R%3BEverts%2C+K+L%3BAbdul-Baki%2C+A+A%3BLydon%2C+J%3BAnderson%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Mills&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=955&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Yield; Plant diseases; Leafspot; Blight; Fungicides; Composting; Septoria lycopersici; Alternaria solani; USA, Maryland ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of calliandra-Napier grass contour hedges to control erosion in central Kenya AN - 16144234; 5494647 AB - Contour hedgerow systems consisting of various combinations of tree and grass species can be used on sloping lands to minimize erosion, restore fertility, and improve crop productivity, but there is need to evaluate the effectiveness of each system for its suitability at any locality as effective erosion control. The objectives of this study were to determine the amount of soil conserved by contour calliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus)-Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) hedgerows, and then develop a support practice P-subfactor for conservation planning in central Kenya. As a benefit beyond soil conservation, biomass yield and N and P retention by the hedgerows were determined. Cumulative data for five cropping seasons from 1997 to 1999 indicated that the contour hedges on 20% slope conserved more soil (168 Mg ha super(-1)) than on the 40% slope (146 Mg ha super(-1)) compared to the control plots. For both slopes, this was equivalent to a 0.7 P-subfactor for use by the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model in predicting soil erosion. The N and P losses between the hedges and control were statistically significant only on the 20% slope (P = 0.05). Combined biomass yield from the calliandra-Napier grass hedges were 12 and 9 Mg ha super(-1) per year and 40% slopes, respectively. This soil conservation technology may be used by small-scale farmers that use mixed farming systems in the highlands of central Kenya and similar ecoregions as a step towards sustainable farming. JF - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment AU - Angima, S D AU - Stott, DE AU - O'Neill, M K AU - Ong, C K AU - Weesies, G A AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1196, USA, destott@purdue.edu Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - Sep 2002 SP - 15 EP - 23 VL - 91 IS - 1-3 SN - 0167-8809, 0167-8809 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Fertility KW - Ecosystems KW - Trees KW - Grasses KW - hedgerows KW - Sustainable development KW - Watershed Management KW - crop production KW - Soil erosion KW - Crops KW - Models KW - Kenya KW - Erosion Control KW - Planning KW - Erosion control KW - Hedgerows KW - Data processing KW - Pennisetum purpureum KW - agriculture KW - Biomass KW - Soil Conservation KW - Agricultural Practices KW - Conservation KW - Soil conservation KW - Soil Erosion KW - Benefits KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16144234?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Use+of+calliandra-Napier+grass+contour+hedges+to+control+erosion+in+central+Kenya&rft.au=Angima%2C+S+D%3BStott%2C+DE%3BO%27Neill%2C+M+K%3BOng%2C+C+K%3BWeesies%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Angima&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01678809&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hedgerows; Data processing; Grasses; Soil conservation; Soil erosion; Biomass; Models; Erosion control; Fertility; Ecosystems; Trees; hedgerows; agriculture; Sustainable development; crop production; Conservation; Erosion Control; Soil Conservation; Planning; Agricultural Practices; Watershed Management; Soil Erosion; Benefits; Crops; Pennisetum purpureum; Kenya ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Impact of Urbanization on Water and Sediment Chemistry of Ephemeral Forest Pools AN - 16144136; 5574669 AB - We compared the water and sediment composition of two ephemeral pools located in forested settings in a developed suburban area with two similar pools located in extensive forest in Massachusetts. We also compared the macroinvertebrate communities. The sediments of the forest pools were 100% organic material, while those of the urban pools were predominantly silt. The sediments of the urban pools were contaminated with elevated levels of barium, chromium, and lead. The water of the urban pools had higher pH, conductivity, and alkalinity and less dissolved oxygen than did the forest pools. Both urban and forest pool macroinvertebrate communities were dominated by Oligochaeta and Chironomidae, and while we expected to find differences in the macroinvertebrate communities, no commonly used metric or index clearly indicated differences. More extensive surveys of urban and reference pools may lead to the development of invertebrate biomonitoring protocols for ephemeral forest pools. JF - Journal of Freshwater Ecology AU - Brooks, R T AU - Miller, S D AU - Newsted, J AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, University of Massachusetts, 201 Holdsworth Natural Resources Center, Amherst, MA 01003, USA Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - Sep 2002 SP - 485 EP - 490 VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 0270-5060, 0270-5060 KW - Diptera KW - Midges KW - Oligochaetes KW - macroinvertebrates KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Water Pollution KW - Feasibility KW - Chironomidae KW - Chemistry KW - Urbanization KW - Heavy metals KW - Temporary ponds KW - Ecological distribution KW - Anthropogenic factors KW - Forests KW - Macroinvertebrates KW - Invertebrates KW - Water quality KW - Lead KW - Ponds KW - Oligochaeta KW - Pollution indicators KW - Aquatic insects KW - Bioindicators KW - Sediment pollution KW - USA, Massachusetts KW - Pollution detection KW - Chromium KW - Freshwater environments KW - Water Quality KW - Silt KW - Macrofauna KW - Sediments KW - Dominant species KW - Community composition KW - Sediment properties KW - Freshwater organisms KW - Zoobenthos KW - Indicator species KW - D 04803:Pollution effects KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Z 05210:Aquatic entomology KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16144136?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=preprint&rft.jtitle=IDEAS+Working+Paper+Series+from+RePEc&rft.atitle=Political+Marketing%3A+A+Conceptual+framework&rft.au=Menon%2C+Sudha+Venu&rft.aulast=Menon&rft.aufirst=Sudha&rft.date=2008-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IDEAS+Working+Paper+Series+from+RePEc&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sediment pollution; Feasibility; Pollution detection; Urbanization; Heavy metals; Ecological distribution; Temporary ponds; Anthropogenic factors; Silt; Forests; Dominant species; Community composition; Sediment properties; Freshwater organisms; Zoobenthos; Aquatic insects; Pollution indicators; Indicator species; Macrofauna; Water quality; Sediments; Ponds; Chemistry; Freshwater environments; Bioindicators; Water Pollution; Chromium; Water Quality; Invertebrates; Macroinvertebrates; Lead; Chironomidae; Oligochaeta; USA, Massachusetts ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination of commercial corn (Zea mays) hybrids in Mississippi. AN - 72022555; 12188638 AB - Resistance to mycotoxin contamination was compared in field samples harvested from 45 commercial corn (maize) hybrids and 5 single-cross aflatoxin-resistant germplasm lines in years with high and moderate heat stress. In high heat stress, mycotoxin levels were (4.34 +/- 0.32) x 10(3) microg/kg [(0.95-10.5 x 10(3) microg/kg] aflatoxins and 11.2 +/- 1.2 mg/kg (0-35 mg/kg) fumonisins in commercial hybrids and 370 +/- 88 microg/kg (140-609 microg/kg) aflatoxins and 4.0 +/- 1.3 mg/kg (1.7-7.8 mg/kg) fumonisins in aflatoxin-resistant germplasm lines. Deoxynivalenol was detected (one-fourth of the samples, 0-1.5 mg/kg), but not zearalenone. In moderate heat stress, mycotoxin levels were 6.2 +/- 1.6 microg/kg (0-30.4 microg/kg) aflatoxins and 2.5 +/- 0.2 mg/kg (0.5-4.8 mg/kg) fumonisins in commercial hybrids and 1.6 +/- 0.7 microg/kg (0-7 microg/kg) aflatoxins and 1.2 +/- 0.2 mg/kg (0.5-3.0 mg/kg) fumonisins in aflatoxin-resistant germplasm lines. The results are consistent with heat stress playing an important role in the susceptibility of corn to both aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination, with significant reductions of both aflatoxins and fumonisins in aflatoxin-resistant germplasm lines. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Abbas, Hamed K AU - Williams, W Paul AU - Windham, Gary L AU - Pringle, Horace C AU - Xie, Weiping AU - Shier, W Thomas AD - Crop Genetics and Production Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Stoneville, Mississippi 38766, USA. habbas@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/08/28/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Aug 28 SP - 5246 EP - 5254 VL - 50 IS - 18 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Carboxylic Acids KW - Fumonisins KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Aflatoxin B1 KW - 9N2N2Y55MH KW - Index Medicus KW - Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Mississippi KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Aspergillus -- metabolism KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Aflatoxins -- analysis KW - Zea mays -- microbiology KW - Hybridization, Genetic KW - Zea mays -- chemistry KW - Food Contamination KW - Carboxylic Acids -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72022555?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Aflatoxin+and+fumonisin+contamination+of+commercial+corn+%28Zea+mays%29+hybrids+in+Mississippi.&rft.au=Abbas%2C+Hamed+K%3BWilliams%2C+W+Paul%3BWindham%2C+Gary+L%3BPringle%2C+Horace+C%3BXie%2C+Weiping%3BShier%2C+W+Thomas&rft.aulast=Abbas&rft.aufirst=Hamed&rft.date=2002-08-28&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=5246&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-01 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Flax-retting by polygalacturonase-containing enzyme mixtures and effects on fiber properties AN - 18476288; 5445515 AB - Enzyme-retting of flax was accomplished via individual treatment with four polygalacturonase (PGase) containing solutions of various fungal sources and the resulting fibers were characterized. The retting solutions were equilibrated to contain 2.19 U of PGase activity as determined via a dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) reducing sugar assay. As compared with the buffer control, treatment with the various enzyme solutions increased the yield of fine fibers. Treatment with Aspergillus niger PGase resulted in a 62% increase in fine fiber yield as compared with the buffer control and fiber strength did not statistically differ (P less than or equal to 0.05) between these treatments. Retting via PGases of Rhizopus origin produced the weakest fibers. These results illustrate that the crude PGases differ in their ability to ret flax and that under the defined experimental conditions the A. niger PGase is a better retting agent. Light microscopy demonstrated the ability of all enzymes to separate fiber from shive and epidermal tissues. Enzyme profiles of the solutions were determined via viscometric assays. Pectinolytic activity was the predominant activity of all enzymes tested. Activity against carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was a minor component of all solutions except A. niger PGase for which no activity was detected. JF - Journal of Biotechnology AU - Evans, J D AU - Akin, DE AU - Foulk, JA AD - Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30604, USA, deakin@qaru.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/08/28/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Aug 28 SP - 223 EP - 231 VL - 97 IS - 3 SN - 0168-1656, 0168-1656 KW - Flax KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18476288?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Flax-retting+by+polygalacturonase-containing+enzyme+mixtures+and+effects+on+fiber+properties&rft.au=Evans%2C+J+D%3BAkin%2C+DE%3BFoulk%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-08-28&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01681656&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response of liver and heart trace elements in rats to the interaction between dietary zinc and iron AN - 815539434; 13855757 AB - An analysis of the interaction between dietary iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) was performed by using data from Sprague-Dawley rats in a 5 4 fully crossed factorially arranged experiment. The concentrations of 9 trace elements from the liver and 10 from the heart were determined and subjected to diverse statistical analyses and were classified by their response to the interaction between dietary Fe and Zn. The interaction was studied by using analysis of variance (ANOVA), discriminant analysis, and logistic regression to determine the direction of interaction; that is, did dietary Fe affect dietary Zn or did dietary Zn affect dietary Fe? The use of discriminant analysis allowed for using multiple parameters (rather than a single parameter) to determine possible interactions between Fe and Zn. Thus, two main levels of interaction were studied: the separate response of each tissue mineral and the response of some grouped minerals. The responses studied were the effect of dietary Zn on tissue trace element parameters, the effect of dietary Fe on the parameters, the effect of dietary Zn on combined (grouped) parameters, and the effect of dietary Fe on combined parameters. As determined by ANOVA, only three individual trace elements--liver Fe, Cu, and Mo--were significantly affected by the interaction between Fe and Zn. However, a broader interaction between Fe and Zn is revealed when groups of, rather than single, trace elements are studied. For example, an interaction between dietary Fe and Zn affects the weighted linear combination of heart Ca, Cu, K, Mg, Mn, P, and Zn. This article presents the hypothesis that grouped parameters may be useful as status indicators. The complete dataset can be found at http://www.gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov/fezn. JF - Biological Trace Element Research AU - Zaslavsky, Boris AU - Uthus, Eric O AD - USDA, ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, P.O. Box 9034, 58202-9034, Grand Forks, ND Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 165 EP - 183 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 88 IS - 2 SN - 0163-4984, 0163-4984 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Heart KW - Data processing KW - Zinc KW - Liver KW - Statistical analysis KW - Iron KW - Minerals KW - Manganese KW - Trace elements KW - X 24360:Metals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/815539434?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+Trace+Element+Research&rft.atitle=Response+of+liver+and+heart+trace+elements+in+rats+to+the+interaction+between+dietary+zinc+and+iron&rft.au=Zaslavsky%2C+Boris%3BUthus%2C+Eric+O&rft.aulast=Zaslavsky&rft.aufirst=Boris&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+Trace+Element+Research&rft.issn=01634984&rft_id=info:doi/10.1385%2FBTER%3A88%3A2%3A165 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Heart; Data processing; Zinc; Statistical analysis; Liver; Manganese; Minerals; Iron; Trace elements DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/BTER:88:2:165 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - What about upwind buffer zones for aerial applications? AN - 72150654; 12363183 AB - Buffer zones are areas set adjacent to areas sprayed with pesticides in which spray drift can deposit without consequence. It has been suggested that buffer zones should totally surround areas to be sprayed. We reviewed the scientific literature and employed a recently developed mechanistic model of spray drift to assess the magnitude of upwind spray drift and the consequent need for upwind buffer zones. Neither the scientific literature nor the AgDRIFT model support the need for upwind buffer zones for typical aerial spray applications. JF - Journal of agricultural safety and health AU - Kirk, L W AU - Teske, M E AU - Thistle, H W AD - Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, College Station, Texas 77845-4966, USA. i-kirk@tamu.edu Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 333 EP - 336 VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 1074-7583, 1074-7583 KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Pesticides KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Pesticides -- chemistry KW - Pesticides -- analysis KW - Agriculture KW - Air Movements KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72150654?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+safety+and+health&rft.atitle=What+about+upwind+buffer+zones+for+aerial+applications%3F&rft.au=Kirk%2C+L+W%3BTeske%2C+M+E%3BThistle%2C+H+W&rft.aulast=Kirk&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=333&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+safety+and+health&rft.issn=10747583&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-22 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of neem seed extract on feeding, growth, survival, and reproduction of Diaprepes abbreviatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). AN - 72068532; 12216804 AB - A commercially available neem seed extract, Neemix 4.5, containing 4.5% azadirachtin (AZA), was assessed for biological activity against the root weevil Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.), an important exotic insect pest of Florida citrus. Laboratory bioassays against neonatal and 3-wk-old larvae fed sliced carrot treated with Neemix produced dose-dependent larval mortality and reduced fresh weights among survivors of treatments. The weight response was greater than the mortality response for both larval age groups. Neonates treated with 45 mg/liter AZA weighed 60% less than those in the control after 4 wk. Three-week-old larvae treated with 45 mg/ liter AZA weighed 30% less than those in the control after 5 wk. When neonates were exposed to insect diet incorporated with Neemix, reductions in larval survival and weight were observed at concentrations as low as 4.8 mg/liter AZA after 6 wk. Larval growth was inhibited by >97% with 42.9 mg/liter AZA in the diet. A soil drench containing 30 mg/liter AZA reduced the survival and weight gain of neonates added to potted citrus and provided protection to the roots in a greenhouse experiment. A concentration of 90 mg/liter AZA was required to provide protection of citrus roots against 4-wk-old larvae. Reproductive effects were observed when adult weevils were fed foliage treated with Neemix. The numbers of larvae hatching per egg mass were reduced by 27% and 68% at 30 and 90 mg/liter AZA, respectively. These results suggest that Neemix should be further evaluated for use in integrated pest management (IPM) programs of citrus. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Weathersbee, A A AU - Tang, Y Q AD - aweathersbee@ushrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 661 EP - 667 VL - 95 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Limonins KW - Plant Extracts KW - Triterpenes KW - azadirachtin KW - O4U1SAF85H KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Seeds KW - Larva KW - Biological Assay KW - Reproduction KW - Beetles -- physiology KW - Beetles -- growth & development KW - Triterpenes -- pharmacology KW - Insecticides -- pharmacology KW - Feeding Behavior -- drug effects KW - Beetles -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72068532?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+neem+seed+extract+on+feeding%2C+growth%2C+survival%2C+and+reproduction+of+Diaprepes+abbreviatus+%28Coleoptera%3A+Curculionidae%29.&rft.au=Weathersbee%2C+A+A%3BTang%2C+Y+Q&rft.aulast=Weathersbee&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=661&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-22 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of gamma radiation on viability of Encephalitozoon spores. AN - 72035154; 12197142 AB - Spores of Encephalitozoon cuniculi, E. hellem, and E. intestinalis harvested from cultured mammalian cells were suspended in deionized water, exposed to gamma irradiation at doses of 0-3.0 kGy, and then tested for infectivity by inoculating spores into monolayer cultures of Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells. The cultures were examined for developing microsporidia 4 days later. As the dosage level of radiation increased, corresponding decreases were observed in the number of developing microsporidia for all 3 species. For E. cuniculi and E. intestinalis, 100% inhibition of development was observed after exposure to 1.5 and 2.0 kGy, respectively. Although development of E. hellem was greatly inhibited (97.6% inhibition) after exposure to 3.0 kGy, complete inhibition was not obtained. These findings provide a baseline for investigating the dose levels required to render food products safe when kept under varying temperature, moisture, and other storage conditions. JF - The Journal of parasitology AU - Li, X AU - Trout, J M AU - Jenkins, M C AU - Palmer, R AU - Fayer, R AD - Animal Waste Pathogen Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, USA. Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 812 EP - 813 VL - 88 IS - 4 SN - 0022-3395, 0022-3395 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Cell Line -- radiation effects KW - Gamma Rays KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Encephalitozoon -- radiation effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72035154?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+parasitology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+gamma+radiation+on+viability+of+Encephalitozoon+spores.&rft.au=Li%2C+X%3BTrout%2C+J+M%3BJenkins%2C+M+C%3BPalmer%2C+R%3BFayer%2C+R&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=812&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+parasitology&rft.issn=00223395&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Group effects on insecticide toxicity in workers of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. AN - 72021811; 12192900 AB - Coptotermes formosanus workers were treated topically with insecticide and subsequently held individually or in groups to examine possible effects on insecticide toxicity. Chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin and chlordane toxicities were 1.4-, 1.5-, and 1.3-fold greater, respectively, among workers held in groups compared with those held individually after insecticide treatment. Experiments were conducted to examine how enhanced toxicity occurred among termites held in groups after topical insecticide treatment. When workers were treated topically with chlordane and immediately placed with untreated workers, significantly greater numbers of untreated workers were killed compared with controls at all ratios examined (insecticide-treated:untreated). These data indicated that workers treated topically with insecticide were capable of somehow transferring a lethal dose of insecticide to untreated workers confined in the vial. Chlordane was recovered from untreated workers which had been confined with chlordane-treated workers; significantly higher quantities of chlordane were recovered from dead workers exposed to chlordane-treated workers compared with surviving workers exposed to chlordane-treated workers. Possible mechanisms of insecticide transfer from insecticide-treated to untreated termites are discussed. JF - Pest management science AU - Valles, Steven M AU - Woodson, W David AD - Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, 1600 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA. svalles@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 769 EP - 774 VL - 58 IS - 8 SN - 1526-498X, 1526-498X KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Pyrethrins KW - Chlordan KW - 12789-03-6 KW - cypermethrin KW - 1TR49121NP KW - Chlorpyrifos KW - JCS58I644W KW - Index Medicus KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Social Behavior KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Pyrethrins -- administration & dosage KW - Insecticides -- toxicity KW - Chlordan -- toxicity KW - Chlorpyrifos -- administration & dosage KW - Chlorpyrifos -- toxicity KW - Pyrethrins -- toxicity KW - Isoptera -- metabolism KW - Insecticides -- administration & dosage KW - Chlordan -- administration & dosage KW - Isoptera -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72021811?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pest+management+science&rft.atitle=Group+effects+on+insecticide+toxicity+in+workers+of+the+Formosan+subterranean+termite%2C+Coptotermes+formosanus+Shiraki.&rft.au=Valles%2C+Steven+M%3BWoodson%2C+W+David&rft.aulast=Valles&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=769&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pest+management+science&rft.issn=1526498X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-12 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aerosolized essential oils and individual natural product compounds as brown treesnake repellents. AN - 72020943; 12192901 AB - Chemical irritants useful as repellents for brown treesnakes (Boiga irregularis) were identified. Exposure to various compounds produced a range of intensities for locomotory behavior in snakes. Essential oils comprised of 10 g liter-1 solutions of cedarwood, cinnamon, sage, juniper berry, lavender and rosemary each were potent snake irritants. Brown treesnakes exposed to a 2-s burst of aerosol of these oils exhibited prolonged, violent undirected locomotory behavior. In contrast, exposure to a 10 g liter-1 concentration of ginger oil aerosol caused snakes to locomote, but in a deliberate, directed manner. We also tested specific compounds, all derivative of food and flavor ingredients. 10 g liter-1 solutions delivered as aerosols of m-anisaldehyde, trans-anethole, cineole, cinnamaldehyde, citral, ethyl phenylacetate, eugenol, geranyl acetate or methyl salicylate all acted as potent irritants for brown treesnakes. The individual ingredients were classified using cluster analysis into groups that promoted different levels of response by snakes. This study is the first to systematically investigate the irritant potential of natural products for snakes. These data will be useful in the development of practical pest management tools for snakes. JF - Pest management science AU - Clark, Larry AU - Shivik, John AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 La Porte Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA. Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 775 EP - 783 VL - 58 IS - 8 SN - 1526-498X, 1526-498X KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Biological Factors KW - Irritants KW - Oils, Volatile KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Guam KW - Motor Activity -- drug effects KW - Biological Factors -- pharmacology KW - Irritants -- pharmacology KW - Oils, Volatile -- pharmacology KW - Aerosols -- pharmacology KW - Snakes KW - Pest Control, Biological UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72020943?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pest+management+science&rft.atitle=Aerosolized+essential+oils+and+individual+natural+product+compounds+as+brown+treesnake+repellents.&rft.au=Clark%2C+Larry%3BShivik%2C+John&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=775&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pest+management+science&rft.issn=1526498X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-12 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Household tobacco smoke exposure is negatively associated with premenopausal bone mass. AN - 72005357; 12181626 AB - Subjects exposed to environmental tobacco smoke have been found to be at increased risk for several health problems. Whether exposure to passive tobacco smoke is associated with reduced bone mineral density (BMD) is unknown. In order to examine this, we measured BMD in 154 healthy premenopausal women (age range 40-45 years). BMD of the total hip, femoral neck, lumbar spine and total body was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Data were collected on exposure to household tobacco smoke from age 10 years to the present as well as on other lifestyle factors related to bone mass. We found that 67.5% of the subjects had a history of household tobacco smoke exposure. Subjects exposed to household tobacco smoke had a mean adjusted BMD that was significantly lower at the total hip ( p = 0.021) and femoral neck ( p = 0.018) compared with subjects who were not exposed. In addition, duration of household tobacco smoke exposure was negatively associated with BMD at the total hip ( p = 0.010), femoral neck ( p = 0.004), lumbar spine ( p = 0.037) and total body ( p = 0.031). Subjects exposed to household tobacco smoke for 15 years or more had mean adjusted BMD that was 4% lower at the total body, and more than 8% lower at the total hip, femoral neck and lumbar spine, compared with subjects who were not exposed. In conclusion, household tobacco smoke exposure during adolescence and young adulthood was found to be negatively associated with BMD at the total hip and femoral neck, and duration of exposure was negatively associated with BMD at the total hip, femoral neck, lumbar spine and total body in premenopausal women. JF - Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA AU - Blum, M AU - Harris, S S AU - Must, A AU - Phillips, S M AU - Rand, W M AU - Dawson-Hughes, B AD - Calcium and Metabolic Bone Laboratory, Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA. mblum@hnrc.tufts.edu Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 663 EP - 668 VL - 13 IS - 8 SN - 0937-941X, 0937-941X KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Humans KW - Chi-Square Distribution KW - Adult KW - Femur Neck -- physiology KW - Absorptiometry, Photon -- methods KW - Premenopause -- physiology KW - Middle Aged KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Female KW - Lumbar Vertebrae -- physiology KW - Bone Density -- drug effects KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72005357?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Osteoporosis+international+%3A+a+journal+established+as+result+of+cooperation+between+the+European+Foundation+for+Osteoporosis+and+the+National+Osteoporosis+Foundation+of+the+USA&rft.atitle=Household+tobacco+smoke+exposure+is+negatively+associated+with+premenopausal+bone+mass.&rft.au=Blum%2C+M%3BHarris%2C+S+S%3BMust%2C+A%3BPhillips%2C+S+M%3BRand%2C+W+M%3BDawson-Hughes%2C+B&rft.aulast=Blum&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=663&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Osteoporosis+international+%3A+a+journal+established+as+result+of+cooperation+between+the+European+Foundation+for+Osteoporosis+and+the+National+Osteoporosis+Foundation+of+the+USA&rft.issn=0937941X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-04 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of phytotoxicity and mammalian cytotoxicity of nontrichothecene mycotoxins. AN - 71994834; 12182537 AB - The phytotoxicity and mammalian cytotoxicity of four nontrichothecene mycotoxins (apicidin, sambutoxin, wortmannin, HC-toxin) were compared. Phytotoxicity was evaluated in terms of electrolyte leakage, growth inhibition, and reduction in chlorophyll content. Based on the parameters evaluated, the relative order of phytotoxicity to duckweed (Lemna pausicostata L.) was wortmannin > HC-toxin > apicidin >> sambutoxin. A 48-hr exposure to 10 microM wortmannin, HC-toxin or apicidin caused electrolyte leakage from duckweed. The IC50 values for growth inhibition and chlorophyll reduction for wortmannin, HC-toxin, and apicidin were 0.2 and 2.6 microM, 15.4 and 12.6 microM, and 27.7 and 45.3 microM, respectively. Based on the parameters measured, a 72-hr exposure to 100 microM sambutoxin was not toxic to duckweed. Kudzu (Pueraria lobata L.) leaf disc assays revealed a similar trend in relative toxicities, but higher mycotoxin concentrations were required to elicit phytotoxic effects compared to duckweed. All four mycotoxins were cytotoxic to four mammalian cell cultures. However, in contrast to plants, wortmannin was the least toxic (IC50 = 10 to 20 microM) and sambutoxin exhibited a high level of toxicity (IC50 = 0.5 to 1 microM). JF - Journal of natural toxins AU - Abbas, Hamed K AU - Shier, W T AU - Gronwald, John W AU - Lee, Y W AD - USDA-ARS, SWSRU, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA. habbas@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 173 EP - 186 VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 1058-8108, 1058-8108 KW - Electrolytes KW - 0 KW - Mycotoxins KW - Chlorophyll KW - 1406-65-1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mammals KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Cell Culture Techniques KW - Chlorophyll -- analysis KW - Araceae -- physiology KW - Pueraria -- physiology KW - Araceae -- chemistry KW - Pueraria -- chemistry KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71994834?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+natural+toxins&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+phytotoxicity+and+mammalian+cytotoxicity+of+nontrichothecene+mycotoxins.&rft.au=Abbas%2C+Hamed+K%3BShier%2C+W+T%3BGronwald%2C+John+W%3BLee%2C+Y+W&rft.aulast=Abbas&rft.aufirst=Hamed&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+natural+toxins&rft.issn=10588108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-10 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antimutagenic potential of homoisoflavonoids from Muscari racemosum. AN - 71940946; 12127240 AB - The potential antimutagenic effect of the plant extract of Muscari racemosum bulbs, rich on 3-benzylidene-4-chromanones, was evaluated on three genetic model organisms. The mixture of three homoisoflavonoids was applied together with diagnostic mutagens in the Ames assay on four bacterial strains Salmonella typhimurium TA97, TA98, TA100, TA102, in the toxicity and mutagenicity/antimutagenicity assay on the yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae D7, and in the simultaneous phytotoxicity and clastogenicity/anticlastogenicity assay on Vicia sativa (L.). The extract exerted antimutagenic and anticlastogenic effects due to the presence of homoisoflavonoids, which may be included in the group of natural antimutagens. This genotoxicological study suggests that homoisoflavonoids from M. racemosum (L.) owing to antimutagenic and anticlastogenic properties are of great pharmacological importance, and might be beneficial for prevention of cancer. JF - Journal of ethnopharmacology AU - Miadoková, Eva AU - Masterová, Irena AU - Vlcková, Viera AU - Dúhová, Viola AU - Tóth, Jaroslav AD - Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia. miadokova@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 381 EP - 386 VL - 81 IS - 3 SN - 0378-8741, 0378-8741 KW - Antimutagenic Agents KW - 0 KW - Isoflavones KW - Plant Extracts KW - Index Medicus KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- genetics KW - Molecular Structure KW - Plant Structures KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Vicia sativa -- genetics KW - Vicia sativa -- drug effects KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- drug effects KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- genetics KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- drug effects KW - Plant Extracts -- pharmacology KW - Antimutagenic Agents -- pharmacology KW - Liliaceae -- chemistry KW - Isoflavones -- pharmacology KW - Isoflavones -- chemistry KW - Antimutagenic Agents -- chemistry KW - Plant Extracts -- chemistry KW - Plant Extracts -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71940946?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+ethnopharmacology&rft.atitle=Antimutagenic+potential+of+homoisoflavonoids+from+Muscari+racemosum.&rft.au=Miadokov%C3%A1%2C+Eva%3BMasterov%C3%A1%2C+Irena%3BVlckov%C3%A1%2C+Viera%3BD%C3%BAhov%C3%A1%2C+Viola%3BT%C3%B3th%2C+Jaroslav&rft.aulast=Miadokov%C3%A1&rft.aufirst=Eva&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=381&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+ethnopharmacology&rft.issn=03788741&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-11 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inactivation of a cytochrome P-450 is a determinant of trichothecene diversity in Fusarium species. AN - 71923340; 12135578 AB - Species of the genus Fusarium produce a great diversity of agriculturally important trichothecene toxins that differ from each other in their pattern of oxygenation and esterification. T-2 toxin, produced by Fusarium sporotrichioides, and nivalenol (NIV), produced by some strains of F. graminearum, contain an oxygen at the C-4 position. Deoxynivalenol (DON), produced by other strains of F. graminearum, lacks a C-4 oxygen. NIV and DON are identical except for this difference, whereas T-2 differs from these trichothecenes at three other carbon positions. Sequence and Northern analyses of the F. sporotrichioides genomic region upstream of the previously described core trichothecene gene cluster have extended the cluster by two genes: TRI13 and TRI14. TRI13 shares significant similarity with the cytochrome P-450 class of enzymes, but TRI14 does not share similarity with any previously characterized proteins. Gene disruption and fermentation studies in F. sporotrichioides indicate that TRI13 is required for the addition of the C-4 oxygen of T-2 toxin, but that TRI14 is not required for trichothecene biosynthesis. PCR and sequence analyses indicate that the TRI13 homolog is functional in NIV-producing strains of F. graminearum but nonfunctional in DON-producing strains of the fungus. These genetic observations are consistent with chemical observations that biosynthesis of T-2 toxin and NIV requires a C-4 hydroxylase while biosynthesis of DON does not. JF - Fungal genetics and biology : FG & B AU - Brown, Daren W AU - McCormick, Susan P AU - Alexander, Nancy J AU - Proctor, Robert H AU - Desjardins, Anne E AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, USDA/ARS, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA. browndw@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 224 EP - 233 VL - 36 IS - 3 SN - 1087-1845, 1087-1845 KW - Codon, Initiator KW - 0 KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors KW - DNA, Fungal KW - DNA, Intergenic KW - Trichothecenes KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - T-2 Toxin KW - I3FL5NM3MO KW - Index Medicus KW - DNA, Fungal -- analysis KW - Phylogeny KW - Protein Biosynthesis KW - Genes, Fungal KW - T-2 Toxin -- biosynthesis KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - DNA, Intergenic -- genetics KW - Sequence Analysis, DNA KW - T-2 Toxin -- genetics KW - Multigene Family -- genetics KW - Base Sequence KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - DNA, Fungal -- genetics KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- genetics KW - Fusarium -- classification KW - Trichothecenes -- chemistry KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- metabolism KW - Trichothecenes -- genetics KW - Trichothecenes -- biosynthesis KW - Fusarium -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71923340?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fungal+genetics+and+biology+%3A+FG+%26+B&rft.atitle=Inactivation+of+a+cytochrome+P-450+is+a+determinant+of+trichothecene+diversity+in+Fusarium+species.&rft.au=Brown%2C+Daren+W%3BMcCormick%2C+Susan+P%3BAlexander%2C+Nancy+J%3BProctor%2C+Robert+H%3BDesjardins%2C+Anne+E&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Daren&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=224&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fungal+genetics+and+biology+%3A+FG+%26+B&rft.issn=10871845&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-09 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AY057843; GENBANK; AY057842; AF359360; AY057844; AY057841; AF359361 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of phenolic acid composition of alkali-extracted plants and soils AN - 52063347; 2002-069078 AB - Phenolic acids (PAs) released from plant residues have been implicated as important components in a variety of soil processes. To evaluate the role of plant PAs in soil processes, a quantitative alkaline extraction, solid-phase purification, and gas chromatographic protocol was developed for identification of the composition and concentration of plant and soil PAs. Water-soluble or EDTA-exchangeable PAs were not detected in soil. Alkaline hydrolysis (1 M NaOH) at ambient temperatures was required to extract ester-linked phenolics and alkaline hydrolysis (4 M NaOH) with heat extracted ether-linked PAs present in plant and soil material. Purification of NaOH-extracted PAs by polymeric solid-phase extraction with gas chromatographic flame ionization and mass spectral analysis of nonderivatized extracts resulted in a highly reproducible and accurate method for the saponifiable PAs. The method quantified plant and soil PAs as ethanone (acetylbenzene), benzaldehyde, and benzoic- and cinnamic-acid derivatives. The majority of soil PAs was identified as modified cinnamic acids originating from vascular plant tissue. Comparison of the described method with a standard acid digestion (12 M H (sub 2) SO (sub 4) ) and gravimetric determination of lignin in plant residues found that interferences formed by strong acid digestion of plant residues such as soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] or clover (Trifolium pratense L.) containing higher carbohydrate and protein contents resulted in an overestimation of plant lignin content when measured by the acid digestion-gravimetric method. Since the majority of soil PAs originate from vascular plants and are not microbial in origin, the composition of ester-linked PAs in soils may be an important indicator of the quantity of plant residue C present in soils under different management systems. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Martens, Dean A Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 1240 EP - 1248 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 66 IS - 4 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - United States KW - phenolic acids KW - cinnamic acid KW - benzoic acid KW - Pocahontas County Iowa KW - benzaldehyde KW - gas chromatograms KW - mass spectra KW - Iowa KW - EDTA KW - carboxylic acids KW - spectra KW - geochemistry KW - soils KW - chemical extraction KW - prairies KW - agriculture KW - purification KW - organic compounds KW - organic acids KW - biogenic processes KW - identification KW - Kelso Prairie KW - ethanone KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52063347?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Identification+of+phenolic+acid+composition+of+alkali-extracted+plants+and+soils&rft.au=Martens%2C+Dean+A&rft.aulast=Martens&rft.aufirst=Dean&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1240&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.scijournals.org/ http://soil.scijournals.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 37 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Accessed on August 7, 2002 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; benzaldehyde; benzoic acid; biogenic processes; carboxylic acids; chemical extraction; cinnamic acid; EDTA; ethanone; gas chromatograms; geochemistry; identification; Iowa; Kelso Prairie; mass spectra; organic acids; organic compounds; phenolic acids; Pocahontas County Iowa; prairies; purification; soils; spectra; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Defining phases of bedload transport using piecewise regression AN - 51981029; 2003-041586 AB - Differences in the transport rate and size of bedload exist for varying levels of flow in coarse-grained channels. For gravel-bed rivers, at least two phases of bedload transport, with notably differing qualities, have been described in the literature. Phase I consists primarily of sand and small gravel moving at relatively low rates over a stable channel surface. Transport rates during Phase II are considerably greater than Phase I and more coarse grains are moved, including material from both the channel surface and subsurface. Transition from Phase I to Phase II indicates initiation and transport of grains comprising the coarse surface layer common in steep mountain channels. While the existence of different phases of transport is generally acknowledged, the threshold between them is often poorly defined. We present the results of the application of a piecewise regression analysis to data on bedload transport collected at 12 gravel-bed channels in Colorado and Wyoming, USA. The piecewise regression recognizes the existence of different linear relationships over different ranges of discharge. The inflection, where the fitted functions intersect, is interpreted as the point of transition from Phase I to Phase II transport; this is termed breakpoint. A comparison of grain sizes moved during the two phases shows that coarse gravel is rarely trapped in the samplers during Phase I transport, indicating negligible movement of grains in this size range. Gravel larger than about D (sub 16) of the channel surface is more consistently trapped during Phase II transport. The persistence of coarse gravel in bedload samples provides good evidence that conditions suitable for coarse grain transport have been reached, even though the size of the sediment approaches the size limits of the sampler (76 mm in all cases). A relative breakpoint (R (sub br) ) was defined by the ratio between the discharge at the breakpoint and the 1.5-year flow (a surrogate for bankfull discharge) expressed as a percentage. The median value of R (sub br) was about 80 percent, suggesting that Phase II begins at about 80 percent of the bankfull discharge, though the observed values of R (sub br) ranged from about 60 to 100 percent. Variation in this value appears to be independent of drainage area, median grain size, sorting of bed materials, and channel gradient, at least for the range of parameters measured in 12 gravel-bed channels. JF - Earth Surface Processes and Landforms AU - Ryan, Sandra E AU - Porth, Laurie S AU - Troendle, C A Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 971 EP - 990 PB - Wiley & Sons, Chichester VL - 27 IS - 9 SN - 0197-9337, 0197-9337 KW - United States KW - subalpine environment KW - terrestrial environment KW - stream transport KW - Fraser Experimental Forest KW - Saint Louis Creek KW - piecewise regression analysis KW - Fool Creek KW - coarse-grained materials KW - gravel-bed streams KW - sediments KW - drainage basins KW - East Saint Louis Creek KW - granulometry KW - bedload KW - North America KW - boulders KW - sediment transport KW - clastic sediments KW - variance analysis KW - statistical analysis KW - channels KW - U. S. Rocky Mountains KW - Medicine Bow National Forest KW - least-squares analysis KW - geometry KW - cobbles KW - Wyoming KW - fluvial features KW - streams KW - geomorphology KW - Colorado KW - Rocky Mountains KW - regression analysis KW - breakpoints KW - generalized additive models KW - 23:Geomorphology KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51981029?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.atitle=Defining+phases+of+bedload+transport+using+piecewise+regression&rft.au=Ryan%2C+Sandra+E%3BPorth%2C+Laurie+S%3BTroendle%2C+C+A&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=Sandra&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=971&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.issn=01979337&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fesp.387 L2 - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/117935722/grouphome/home.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, United Kingdom N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 61 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ESPRDT N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bedload; boulders; breakpoints; channels; clastic sediments; coarse-grained materials; cobbles; Colorado; drainage basins; East Saint Louis Creek; fluvial features; Fool Creek; Fraser Experimental Forest; generalized additive models; geometry; geomorphology; granulometry; gravel-bed streams; least-squares analysis; Medicine Bow National Forest; North America; piecewise regression analysis; regression analysis; Rocky Mountains; Saint Louis Creek; sediment transport; sediments; statistical analysis; stream transport; streams; subalpine environment; terrestrial environment; U. S. Rocky Mountains; United States; variance analysis; Wyoming DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.387 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of agricultural activities on the mineralogy of soil clays AN - 51861751; 2004-021180 JF - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta AU - Fialips, C I AU - Righi, D AU - Potter, K N AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 232 PB - Pergamon, Oxford VL - 66 IS - 15A SN - 0016-7037, 0016-7037 KW - United States KW - silicates KW - X-ray diffraction data KW - clay mineralogy KW - Vertisols KW - beidellite KW - infrared spectra KW - FTIR spectra KW - mica group KW - carbon KW - spectra KW - ion exchange KW - organic carbon KW - geochemistry KW - montmorillonite KW - soils KW - experimental studies KW - sequestration KW - prairies KW - agriculture KW - smectite KW - Texas KW - kaolinite KW - clay minerals KW - Temple Texas KW - Bell County Texas KW - sheet silicates KW - mixed-layer minerals KW - land use KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51861751?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geochimica+et+Cosmochimica+Acta&rft.atitle=Effect+of+agricultural+activities+on+the+mineralogy+of+soil+clays&rft.au=Fialips%2C+C+I%3BRighi%2C+D%3BPotter%2C+K+N%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Fialips&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=15A&rft.spage=232&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geochimica+et+Cosmochimica+Acta&rft.issn=00167037&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00167037 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual V. M. Goldschmidt conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 1 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GCACAK N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; beidellite; Bell County Texas; carbon; clay mineralogy; clay minerals; experimental studies; FTIR spectra; geochemistry; infrared spectra; ion exchange; kaolinite; land use; mica group; mixed-layer minerals; montmorillonite; organic carbon; prairies; sequestration; sheet silicates; silicates; smectite; soils; spectra; Temple Texas; Texas; United States; Vertisols; X-ray diffraction data ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship of Soil Test Phosphorus and Sampling Depth to Runoff Phosphorus in Calcareous and Noncalcareous Soils AN - 19927142; 5491615 AB - A study was initiated to investigate the relationship between soil test P and depth of soil sampling with runoff losses of dissolved molybdate reactive phosphorus (DMRP). Rainfall simulations were conducted on two noncalcareous soils, a Windthorst sandy loam (fine, mixed, thermic Udic Paleustalf) and a Blanket clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Pachic Argiustoll), and two calcareous soils, a Purves clay (clayey, smectitic, thermic Lithic Calciustoll) and a Houston Black clay (fine, smectitic, thermic Udic Haplustert). Soil (0- to 2.5-, 0- to 5-, and 0- to 15-cm depths) and runoff samples were collected from each of the four soils in permanent pasture exhibiting a wide range in soil test P levels (as determined by Mehlich III and distilled water extraction) due to prior manure applications. Simulated rain was used to produce runoff, which was collected for 30 min. Good regression equations were derived relating soil test P level to runoff DMRP for all four soil types, as indicated by relatively high r super(2) values (0.715 to 0.961, 0- to 5-cm depth). Differences were observed for the depth of sampling, with the most consistent results observed with the 0- to 5-cm sampling depth. Runoff DMRP losses as a function of the concentration of P in soil were lower in calcareous soils (maximum of 0.74 mg L super(-1)) compared with noncalcareous soils (maximum of 1.73 mg L super(-1)). The results indicate that a soil test for environmental P could be developed, but it would require establishing different soil test P level criteria for different soils or classes of soils. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Torbert, HA AU - Daniel, T C AU - Lemunyon, J L AU - Jones, R M AD - USDA-ARS National Soil Dynamics Laboratory, 411 S. Donahue Dr., Auburn, AL 36832-5806, USA, atorbert@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 1380 EP - 1387 VL - 31 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Regression Analysis KW - Soil Chemistry KW - Manure KW - Pollution (Nonpoint sources) KW - Rainfall KW - Phosphorus KW - Soil science KW - Pasture KW - Soil KW - soil depth KW - sandy soils KW - Distribution (Mathematical) KW - Regression analysis KW - Soil (types of) KW - distilled water KW - Sampling KW - USA, Texas, Houston KW - Data Collections KW - soil types KW - Animal wastes KW - Clay KW - Nonpoint Pollution Sources KW - Vertical Distribution KW - Simulation KW - Data collections KW - calcareous soils KW - loam KW - Soil Types KW - Soil Tests KW - Runoff KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19927142?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Relationship+of+Soil+Test+Phosphorus+and+Sampling+Depth+to+Runoff+Phosphorus+in+Calcareous+and+Noncalcareous+Soils&rft.au=Torbert%2C+HA%3BDaniel%2C+T+C%3BLemunyon%2C+J+L%3BJones%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Torbert&rft.aufirst=HA&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1380&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soil types; Clay; Animal wastes; Manure; Rainfall; Phosphorus; Simulation; Pasture; Soil; sandy soils; calcareous soils; soil depth; loam; distilled water; Distribution (Mathematical); Pollution (Nonpoint sources); Regression analysis; Soil (types of); Data collections; Sampling; Soil science; Runoff; Regression Analysis; Soil Chemistry; Vertical Distribution; Soil Types; Nonpoint Pollution Sources; Soil Tests; Data Collections; USA, Texas, Houston ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stormwater Runoff Treatment Systems Utilizing Wet Ponds and Created Wetlands AN - 19807859; 5469805 AB - Cities and towns that have surface water as the source for their water supply systems typically have a greater potential for pollution of these supplies then if they had ground water sources. Generally surface water pollution can be categorized to either come from a point source or a nonpoint source. The origin of point sources typically can be identified. Significant point sources are often eliminated from a water supply or are treated before reaching the water supply. Nonpoint sources can be much more difficult to identify and eliminate from a water supply. The concentrations of nonpoint sources can be relatively low compared to point sources. However, the volume of runoff associated with nonpoint sources can be large resulting in significant mass loading. The larger volumes associated with nonpoint sources make it difficult to treat with conventional point source treatment systems. JF - Land and Water AU - Baumert, D J AD - USDA-NRCS Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 54 EP - 59 VL - 46 IS - 4 SN - 0192-9453, 0192-9453 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Surface water KW - Nonpoint pollution KW - Water supplies KW - Ponds KW - Water pollution control KW - Water quality control KW - Water treatment KW - Stormwater runoff KW - towns KW - Stormwater management KW - Wetlands KW - Groundwater KW - Urban areas KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - AQ 00004:Water Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19807859?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Land+and+Water&rft.atitle=Stormwater+Runoff+Treatment+Systems+Utilizing+Wet+Ponds+and+Created+Wetlands&rft.au=Baumert%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Baumert&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=54&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Land+and+Water&rft.issn=01929453&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Stormwater runoff; Surface water; towns; Wetlands; Groundwater; Nonpoint pollution; Water supplies; Ponds; Urban areas; Water quality control; Water pollution control; Water treatment; Stormwater management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DIETARY OVERLAP BETWEEN WOLVES AND COYOTES IN NORTHWESTERN MONTANA AN - 19338520; 8696889 AB - We studied effects of recolonizing wolves (Canis lupus) in the North Fork of the Flathead area of northwestern Montana on the diets of coyotes (C. latrans) from 1994 to 1997. Wolf and coyote diets differed in frequency of occurrence of prey species during 3 of the 4 summers and winters (P 45 kg) prey species and coyotes, small (<2 kg) prey (P < 0.001). Wolves selected a larger proportion of adults (P < 0.001), whereas coyotes selected a larger proportion of juveniles (P < 0.001) during summer. We believe that differential use of food resources facilitates coexistence of wolves and coyotes in the North Fork of the Flathead area. JF - Journal of Mammalogy AU - Arjo, Wendy M AU - Pletscher, Daniel H AU - Ream, Robert R AD - National Wildlife Research Center, 9730-B Lathrop Industrial Drive, Olympia, WA 98512 (WMA), wendy.m.arjo@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 754 EP - 766 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. VL - 83 IS - 3 SN - 0022-2372, 0022-2372 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - food habits KW - coexistence KW - coyote KW - Montana KW - partitioning KW - recolonization KW - wolf KW - Odocoileus virginianus KW - Diets KW - Cervus elaphus KW - Coexistence KW - Canis lupus KW - Prey KW - Y 25150:General/Miscellaneous KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19338520?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Dissipation+of+the+defoliant+tribufos+in+cotton-producing+soils.&rft.au=Potter%2C+Thomas+L%3BReddy%2C+Krishna+N%3BMillhollen%2C+Eddie+P%3BBednarz%2C+Craig+W%3BBosch%2C+David+D%3BTruman%2C+Clint+C%3BStrickland%2C+Timothy&rft.aulast=Potter&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2002-06-19&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=3795&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; Coexistence; Prey; Odocoileus virginianus; Cervus elaphus; Canis lupus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2002)083<0754:DOBWAC>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evolution of a landslide-induced sediment wave in the Navarro River, California AN - 18926160; 5567161 AB - A streamside landslide delivered 60 000 m super(3) of mixed-size sediment to the Navarro River, a sinuous gravel-bed channel (drainage area = 535 km super(2)), at the end of the annual high-runoff period in spring 1995. The deposit formed a 9-m-high dam that partially breached within several hours, but recessional flows entrained little material until the following high-runoff season. The landslide afforded the opportunity to measure the evolution of a sediment wave from its inception to near-obliteration and, particularly, to test relative tendencies for translation and dispersion of a sediment wave in a natural gravel-bed channel. This study represents a simple case: The wave originated from a single input, the preexisting channel was relatively uniform, and resistant banks prevented adjustments in width. We surveyed channel topography over a 1.5-4.5 km reach centered on the landslide dam each year from 1995 to 1999, and we sampled bed material downstream of the dam in 1995 and 1997. Landslide material was coarser than ambient bed material, but all sizes were mobilized by subsequent peak flows. Abrasion of weathered and fractured graywacke sandstone landslide material was roughly an order of magnitude greater than the ambient river gravel. The sediment wave dispersed and mostly disappeared within a few years with no measurable translation. Sediment filled the reservoir created by the eroding landslide dam until throughput of bed load was restored in 1998. The stationary wave crest eroded until in 1999 it was <1 m higher than the preslide elevation. As the wave profile flattened, its detectable leading edge extended downstream from 620 m in 1995 to similar to 1600 m in 1997. Downstream advance of the wave was associated with coarsening of bed material. The sediment wave created a longitudinal disturbance in sediment transport. By using the dam as a reference datum of zero bed-load transport, we computed longitudinal variations in annual bed-load and suspended-sediment transport rates in 100 m increments downstream of the dam. These longitudinal variations were controlled by scour and fill of the bed and by abrasion of bed-load particles. Bed-load transport rates in the first and second years after the landslide increased in the landslide vicinity and then decreased downstream as sediment deposited behind the advancing leading edge of the wave. The location of peak bed-load transport rate advanced from the first year (400 m) to the second (800 m). We used a physically based, one-dimensional model (Cui et al., 2002b) to hindcast annual changes in transversely averaged bed elevation over the study reach. Agreement between measured and predicted bed elevations was very good. This result supports our conclusion that, once emplaced, sediment waves in gravel-bed rivers tend to disperse, with little or no translation. JF - Bulletin of the Geological Society of America AU - Sutherland, D G AU - Ball, M H AU - Hilton, S J AU - Lisle, TE AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 1700 Bayview Drive, Arcata, California 95521, USA, dsutherl@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 1036 EP - 1048 VL - 114 IS - 8 SN - 0016-7606, 0016-7606 KW - Sediment waves KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Rivers KW - Gravel KW - Gravel waves KW - Sandstone KW - Freshwater KW - USA, California, Navarro R. KW - Mass movement KW - Sediment movement KW - Landslides KW - Wave crests KW - Bed load KW - Sedimentary structures KW - Sediment transport KW - Sediment load KW - Scour and fill KW - Runoff KW - River beds KW - Q2 09283:Soil mechanics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18926160?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Evolution+of+a+landslide-induced+sediment+wave+in+the+Navarro+River%2C+California&rft.au=Sutherland%2C+D+G%3BBall%2C+M+H%3BHilton%2C+S+J%3BLisle%2C+TE&rft.aulast=Sutherland&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1036&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+the+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167606&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Gravel waves; Gravel; Sandstone; Mass movement; Sediment movement; Landslides; Wave crests; Bed load; Sedimentary structures; Sediment transport; Sediment load; Scour and fill; Runoff; River beds; USA, California, Navarro R.; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Scour Below an Overfall: Part I. Investigation AN - 18918471; 5559905 AB - Scour below an overfall contributes to headcut instability and gully advance. Thirteen large-scale scour tests were conducted by performing an overfall in a compacted cohesive soil bed. Horizontally compacted soil layers were placed using typical embankment construction methods. Water flowing over a horizontal approach was allowed to plunge over an overfall and impinge on the compacted soil bed. Different combinations of soil moisture and soil density were examined for two similar tailwater or backwater conditions. For a constant flow rate, the vertical scour was measured downstream of the gully overfall, and typical erosion behavior is discussed. The rate of vertical scour was observed as the plunge pool deepened. The vertical scour rate increased as the moisture content at the time of compaction decreased. The scour rate was also observed to decrease as the dry density of the fill material increased. For the soil conditions tested, the vertical scour rate increased as the unconfined compressive strength increased. The stress-strain modulus and the vertical scour rate also displayed a direct relationship. The layered soil placement methods, typical of embankment construction, can have an influence on the observed vertical scour rates. These field-scale erosion tests were conducted to enhance our understanding of scour processes. This scour investigation focuses on the test description, observed results, and fundamental relationships, while a companion article addresses prediction methods. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Robinson, K M AU - Hanson, G J AU - Cook, K R AD - USDA-NRCS Watershed Science Institute, 401 Oberlin Rd., Suite 245, Raleigh, N.C. 27605, USA, kerry.robinson@ftw.nrcs.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 949 EP - 956 VL - 45 IS - 4 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Testing Procedures KW - Tailwater KW - Gully Erosion KW - Backwater KW - Compacted Soils KW - Embankments KW - Cohesive Soils KW - Spillways KW - Pools KW - Compressive Strength KW - ANW, Atlantic, The Gully KW - Flow Rates KW - Soil Density KW - Scour KW - Moisture Content KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18918471?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Scour+Below+an+Overfall%3A+Part+I.+Investigation&rft.au=Robinson%2C+K+M%3BHanson%2C+G+J%3BCook%2C+K+R&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=949&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Testing Procedures; Tailwater; Gully Erosion; Compacted Soils; Backwater; Embankments; Cohesive Soils; Spillways; Pools; Compressive Strength; Flow Rates; Scour; Soil Density; Moisture Content; ANW, Atlantic, The Gully ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Scour Below an Overfall: Part II. Prediction AN - 18917471; 5559906 AB - The impinging jet is the driving mechanism causing scour below grade-control structures, dam spillways, gullies, pipe outlets, etc. The objectives of this study were to: (1) utilize a previously developed excess stress parameter approach, with small modifications, for the free overfall jet; (2) develop similar excess stress parameter approaches for the submerged circular jet; (3) determine and compare excess stress parameters for both overfall and submerged circular jet scour test results; and (4) compare erodibility results for each experimental system. Large-scale overfall tests were conducted in an outdoor flume 1.8-m wide and 29-m long with 2.4-m walls. Small-scale submerged circular jet tests were conducted in the laboratory on sample from the large-scale overfall tests. The scour tests were conducted on a cohesive soil, prepared at various average compaction moisture contents (12% to 16%) and densities (1.66 to 1.80 Mg/m super(3)). Critical stress ranged from 0 to 9 Pa, and the detachment coefficient ranged from 0.1 to 42 cm super(3)/N-s. Comparisons of the excess stress parameters determined from the overfall tests and circular jet tests were of the same order of magnitude. The results indicated that the laboratory sample tests can be used to indicate trends in the variation of erodibility with compaction moisture content but can only make crude estimates of the actual scour. In order to improve predictive capabilities, more laboratory sample tests need to be conducted to determine the large-scale flume test variability, or small-scale in-situ tests in the impingement zone need to be conducted. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Hanson, G J AU - Robinson, K M AU - Cook, K R AD - USDA-NRCS Watershed Science Institute, 401 Oberlin Rd., Suite 245, Raleigh, N.C. 27605, USA, kerry.robinson@ftw.nrcs.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 957 EP - 964 VL - 45 IS - 4 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Testing Procedures KW - Erosion KW - Outlets KW - Gully Erosion KW - Flumes KW - Dams KW - Cohesive Soils KW - Spillways KW - Scour KW - Moisture Content KW - Compaction KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18917471?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Scour+Below+an+Overfall%3A+Part+II.+Prediction&rft.au=Hanson%2C+G+J%3BRobinson%2C+K+M%3BCook%2C+K+R&rft.aulast=Hanson&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=957&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Testing Procedures; Outlets; Erosion; Gully Erosion; Flumes; Dams; Cohesive Soils; Spillways; Scour; Moisture Content; Compaction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A riffle stability index to evaluate sediment loading to streams AN - 18909057; 5467476 AB - Riffles in moderately entrenched stream reaches with gradients of 2 percent to 4 percent that have received excessive sediment from upstream have a distinctly different and higher proportion of smaller mobile particles than riffles in systems that are in dynamic equilibrium. The mobile fraction on the riffle can be estimated by comparing the relative abundance of various particle sizes present on the riffle with the dominant large particles on an adjacent bar. Riffle particles smaller than the dominant large particles on the bar are interpreted as mobile. The mobile percentile of particles on the riffle is termed "Riffle Stability Index" (RSI) and provides a useful estimate of the degree of increased sediment supply to riffles in mountain streams. The RSI addresses situations in which increases in gravel bedload from headwaters activities is depositing material on riffles and filling pools, and it reflects qualitative differences between reference and managed watersheds. The RSI correlates well with other measures of stream channel physical condition, such as V* and the results of fish habitat surveys. Thus, it can be used as an indicator of stream reach and watershed condition and also of aquatic habitat quality. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Kappesser, G B AD - USDA Forest Service, George Washington and Jefferson National Forests, 5162 Valley Pointe Parkway, Roanoke, VA 24019, USA, gkappesser@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 1069 EP - 1082 VL - 38 IS - 4 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation KW - Q2 02264:Sediments and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18909057?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=A+riffle+stability+index+to+evaluate+sediment+loading+to+streams&rft.au=Kappesser%2C+G+B&rft.aulast=Kappesser&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1069&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Campylobacter coli Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis Genotypic Diversity Among Sows and Piglets in a Farrowing Barn AN - 18814983; 5681257 AB - Genotypes of Campylobacter coli isolates from feces of three sows and rectal swabs of 17 piglets were examined by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). All of the animals originated from a single farrowing barn of a farrow-to-finish swine operation. Five Campylobacter colonies were picked from a single agar plate for each sample after broth enrichment and growth on Campy-Cefex agar. Genotypes were examined by PFGE after genomic DNA digestion with SmaI and SacII restriction endonucleases. Twenty SmaI genotypes and 12 SacII genotypes were detected among 99 Campylobacter coli isolates. There was no pattern of shared genotypes between sows and their respective piglets, nor between littermates. Results indicate that a high number of Campylobacter genotypes may coexist in related pigs from a single housing facility. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Hume, ME AU - Droleskey, R E AU - Sheffield, CL AU - Harvey, R B AD - USDA, ARS, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 128 EP - 132 PB - Springer-Verlag, Life Science Journals VL - 45 IS - 2 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - pigs KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02862:Infection KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18814983?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Campylobacter+coli+Pulsed+Field+Gel+Electrophoresis+Genotypic+Diversity+Among+Sows+and+Piglets+in+a+Farrowing+Barn&rft.au=Hume%2C+ME%3BDroleskey%2C+R+E%3BSheffield%2C+CL%3BHarvey%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Hume&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=128&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00284-001-0096-3 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00284-001-0096-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interspecific competition and coexistence between ants and land hermit crabs on small Bahamian islands AN - 18655671; 5542869 AB - Numerous studies have demonstrated the existence of intra- and interspecific competition among ants, but few have investigated direct competitive interactions between ants and other taxa. In this paper, I present the first evidence of direct competitive interactions between ants and crabs. Evidence of competition for food between ants and the land hermit crab, Coenobita clypeatus (Herbst), was derived from observations and experiments in an archipelago of small islands in the central Exumas, Bahamas. Correlational evidence of competition for food based on occurrences at baits was found between ants and hermit crabs in multiple years. Observations at baits over time revealed species turnover occurred due to aggressive interactions. C. clypeatus discovered food items rapidly, but lost control of food over time, particularly to the ant Brachymyrmex obscurior Forel, which took longer to find food items but recruited large numbers of workers that drove off hermit crabs. A second ant species, Dorymyrmex pyramicus Roger, discovered baits quickly but did not recruit to baits in large numbers, and was not a superior competitor to either C. clypeatus or B. obscurior. Competition between ants and land hermit crabs was not intense enough to cause complementary distributions, and mechanisms of coexistence apparently include temporal variation in foraging activity and complementary foraging strategies when ants and crabs are active at the same time. Because of the widespread distributions and generalist scavenger diets of many ants and crabs, such competitive interactions are likely to be a common facet of many tropical and subtropical insular and coastal communities. JF - Acta Oecologica AU - Morrison, L W AD - Section of Evolution and Ecology, Division of Biological Sciences, Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA, lmorrison@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 223 EP - 229 VL - 23 IS - 4 SN - 1146-609X, 1146-609X KW - Ants KW - Land hermit KW - Land hermit crab KW - ant KW - semi-terrestrial hermit crab KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Oceanic islands KW - Coenobita clypeatus KW - Formicidae KW - Food availability KW - Dorymyrmex pyramicus KW - ASW, Caribbean Sea, Bahamas, Exuma Cays KW - Bahamas KW - Coastal zone KW - Islands KW - Interspecific relationships KW - Aggressive behaviour KW - Tropical environment KW - Brachymyrmex obscurior KW - Competition KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - Q1 08483:Species interactions: general KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04665:Crustaceans UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18655671?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Oecologica&rft.atitle=Interspecific+competition+and+coexistence+between+ants+and+land+hermit+crabs+on+small+Bahamian+islands&rft.au=Morrison%2C+L+W&rft.aulast=Morrison&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Acta+Oecologica&rft.issn=1146609X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1146-609X%2802%2901136-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oceanic islands; Coastal zone; Interspecific relationships; Aggressive behaviour; Food availability; Competition; Islands; Tropical environment; Dorymyrmex pyramicus; Coenobita clypeatus; Formicidae; Brachymyrmex obscurior; Bahamas; ASW, Caribbean Sea, Bahamas, Exuma Cays DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1146-609X(02)01136-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of the USDA Poa pratensis collection using RAPD markers and agronomic descriptors AN - 18625807; 5531344 AB - Characterization of germplasm collections is critical to assess collection diversity and enhance utilization. A Poa pratensis L. germplasm collection of 228 accessions representing 26 countries, along with 17 commercial check cultivars, was characterized using 86 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and 17 agronomic descriptors. The Dice similarity coefficient used for RAPD data ranged from 0.56 to 0.95 and average Euclidean distance used for agronomic data ranged from 0.28 to 2.52. No two accessions had a similarity of one or a distance of zero, showing there were no duplicate entries. Cluster analysis of RAPD data using the unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages (UPGMA) revealed 11 accessions with particularly low similarity values. These were subsequently found to be misidentified Poa species (one each of P. alpina, P. compressa, P. glauca, P. urssulensis and seven P. trivialis). For RAPD data, 62% of the entries were in one large cluster with 46 additional clusters containing one to 13 accessions. For agronomic data, 89% of the entries were in four main clusters. This clustering pattern for RAPD and agronomic data suggested unique genotypes were generally under represented in the collection. The agronomic-based clusters showed some broad separation by accession origin, but in general, origin did not correspond closely with the clustering pattern. The correlation between the RAPD and agronomic-based distance matrices, excluding misidentified accessions, was highly significant (P<0.01) (n = 234, r = -0.14). However, the correlation represented a relatively small fraction of the total variation, indicating that both molecular and agronomic characterizations were needed to assess overall diversity. JF - Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution AU - Johnson, R C AU - Johnston, W J AU - Golob, C T AU - Nelson, M C AU - Soreng, R J AD - USDA, Western Regional Plant Introduction Station, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6402, USA, rcjohnson@wsu.edu Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 349 EP - 361 VL - 49 IS - 4 SN - 0925-9864, 0925-9864 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - G 07356:Monocotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 310:Agricultural Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18625807?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genetic+Resources+and+Crop+Evolution&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+the+USDA+Poa+pratensis+collection+using+RAPD+markers+and+agronomic+descriptors&rft.au=Johnson%2C+R+C%3BJohnston%2C+W+J%3BGolob%2C+C+T%3BNelson%2C+M+C%3BSoreng%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=417&rft.issue=6892&rft.spage=915&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature&rft.issn=00280836&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Purine metabolizing capability of Enterobacter agglomerans affects volatiles production and attractiveness to Mexican fruit fly AN - 18621776; 5525785 AB - We investigated two strains of Enterobacter agglomerans that differ in their ability to metabolize uric acid for (1) attractiveness to sugar-fed Mexican fruit flies, and (2) production of volatile chemicals that may be responsible for the attractiveness. The two strains were cultured on a medium that contained uric acid as the primary nitrogen source to simulate bird feces, a natural substrate for this bacterium. Active cultures of both strains were more attractive than uninoculated uric acid medium to both sexes of sugar-fed flies in wind-tunnel bioassays. The uricase(+) strain was more attractive than the uricase(-) strain to males and to females <9 days old, but not to older females. Volatiles found by solid-phase microextraction in greater amounts in headspace above active cultures of both strains than above uninoculated medium were ammonia, dimethyldisulfide, 3-methylbutanol, 2-phenylethanol, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, and trimethylpyrazine. The uricase(+) strain produced more ammonia, dimethyldisulfide, and trimethylpyrazine than the uricase(-) strain. An additional chemical, 3-hydroxybutanone, appears to be produced exclusively by the uricase(+) strain. The uricase(-) strain produced more 2-phenylethanol than the uricase(+) strain. Differences in volatiles are consistent with the generally greater attractiveness of the uricase(+) strain compared with the uricase(-) strain as ammonia, 3-hydroxybutanone, and trimethylpyrazine have been demonstrated attractive to sugar-fed Mexican fruit flies. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Robacker, D C AU - Lauzon, C R AD - Crop Quality and Fruit Insects Research, ARS, USDA 2413 E. Highway 83, Building 200, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA, drobacker@weslaco.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 1549 EP - 1563 VL - 28 IS - 8 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Diptera KW - Fruit flies KW - Mexican fruit fly KW - Tephritidae KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02910:Miscellaneous topics KW - Z 05167:Behavior KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18621776?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Purine+metabolizing+capability+of+Enterobacter+agglomerans+affects+volatiles+production+and+attractiveness+to+Mexican+fruit+fly&rft.au=Robacker%2C+D+C%3BLauzon%2C+C+R&rft.aulast=Robacker&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1549&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Incidence, aggressiveness and In Planta interactions of Botrytis cinerea and other filamentous fungi quiescent in grape berries and dormant buds in Central Washington State AN - 18619477; 5513429 AB - Recovery of quiescent filamentous fungi from non-symptomatic grape berries and dormant buds demonstrated dominance of Alternaria, Aureobasidium, Cladosporium, Ulocladium and other dematiaceous hyphomycetes. Up to 78% of berries contained fungi prior to harvest. Botrytis cinerea was recovered from 0.2 to 0.5% of surface-disinfested berries just subsequent to fruit set, and 1.6-4.8% of surface-disinfested, over-wintered dormant buds. In laboratory inoculations of mature grape berries with strains of Alternaria, Aureobasidium, Cladosporium, Ulocladium and Botrytis, only the latter was aggressive in rotting berry fruits. Inoculations with B. cinerea alone and in combination with strains of Alternaria, Aureobasidium, Cladosporium and Ulocladium recovered from grape demonstrated that prior occupation of wound sites by the latter fungi resulted in reduced lesion size compared to inoculation with B. cinerea alone. JF - Journal of Phytopathology AU - Dugan, F M AU - Lupien, S L AU - Grove, G G AD - USDA-ARS Western Regional Plant Introduction Station, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6402, USA, fdugan@mail.wsu.edu Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 375 EP - 381 VL - 150 IS - 7 SN - 0931-1785, 0931-1785 KW - aggressiveness KW - filamentous fungi KW - grapes KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01027:Fruit trees UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18619477?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Incidence%2C+aggressiveness+and+In+Planta+interactions+of+Botrytis+cinerea+and+other+filamentous+fungi+quiescent+in+grape+berries+and+dormant+buds+in+Central+Washington+State&rft.au=Dugan%2C+F+M%3BLupien%2C+S+L%3BGrove%2C+G+G&rft.aulast=Dugan&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=150&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=375&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Phytopathology&rft.issn=09311785&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Kairomone strains of Euclytia flava (Townsend), a parasitoid of stink bugs AN - 18619114; 5525786 AB - Tachinid flies commonly use the pheromones and allomones of stink bugs (Pentatomidae) as host-finding kairomones. Pheromone-baited traps for predaceous (Podisus spp.) and phytophagous (Euschistus spp.) pentatomids were used to obtain tachinid parasitoids in order to study the semiochemical relationships between these parasitic flies and their stink bug hosts. Gas chromatography-electroantennogram detector (GC-EAD) experiments and field tests were conducted to determine if pheromone strains of the tachinids, Euclytia flava and Hemyda aurata, occur in nature and to determine if the EAD-active compound, (E)-2-octenal (a common allomone compound of Heteroptera), affects attraction of tachinid parasitoids to synthetic Podisus pheromones. Addition of (E)-2-octenal to Podisus spp. synthetic pheromones in field traps tended to suppress attraction of the bugs, whereas (E)-2-octenal decreased, did not affect, or increased pheromonal attraction of tachinid parasitoids depending on the host species pheromone being tested and the habitat type in which the traps were deployed. Evidence from GC-EAD experiments of E. flava associated with different stink bug hosts suggested that kairomone-strains of this tachinid parasitoid coexist naturally. The significance of cryptic kairomone strains of parasitoids for classical biological control is discussed, and the mechanisms whereby parasitoids evolve kairomonally mediated host-shifts is considered. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Aldrich, J R AU - Zhang, A AD - USDA-ARS Chemicals Affecting Insect Behavior Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, aldrichj@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 1565 EP - 1582 VL - 28 IS - 8 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - 2-Octenal KW - Diptera KW - Stink bugs KW - Tachinid flies KW - True bugs KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects KW - R 18008:Pheromones & other infochemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18619114?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Kairomone+strains+of+Euclytia+flava+%28Townsend%29%2C+a+parasitoid+of+stink+bugs&rft.au=Aldrich%2C+J+R%3BZhang%2C+A&rft.aulast=Aldrich&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1565&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of earthworm (Eisenia fetida) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) straw additions on selected properties of petroleum-contaminated soils AN - 18609303; 5513457 AB - Current bioremediation techniques for petroleum-contaminated soils are designed to remove contaminants as quickly and efficiently as possible, but not necessarily with postremediation soil biological quality as a primary objective. To test a simple postbioremediation technique, we added earthworms (Eisenia fetida) or wheat (Triticum aestivum) straw to petroleum land-farm soil and measured biological quality of the soil as responses in plant growth, soil respiration, and oil and grease (O&G) and total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentrations. Results indicated that plant growth was greater in earthworm-treated land-farm soil. Furthermore, addition of wheat straw resulted in greater total respiration in all soils tested (land-farm soil, noncontaminated reference soil, and a 1:1 mixture of land-farm and reference soils). We observed a 30% increase in soil respiration in straw-amended oily soil, whereas respiration increased by 246% in straw-amended reference soil. Much of the difference between oily and reference soils was attributable to higher basal respiration rates of nonamended oily soil compared to nonamended reference soil. Addition of earthworms resulted in greater total respiration of all soil and straw treatments except two (the land-farm and the 1:1 mixture soil treatments without straw). Straw and earthworm treatments did not affect O&G or TPH concentrations. Nevertheless, our findings that earthworm additions improved plant growth and that straw additions enhanced microbial activity in land-farm soil suggest that these treatments may be compatible with plant-based remediation techniques currently under evaluation in field trials, and could reduce the time required to restore soil ecosystem function. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Callaham, MA Jr AU - Stewart, A J AU - Alarcon, C AU - McMillen, S J AD - USDA Forest Service, 233 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 USA, mcallaham@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 1658 EP - 1663 VL - 21 IS - 8 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Wheat KW - microbial activity KW - remediation KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18609303?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Effects+of+earthworm+%28Eisenia+fetida%29+and+wheat+%28Triticum+aestivum%29+straw+additions+on+selected+properties+of+petroleum-contaminated+soils&rft.au=Callaham%2C+MA+Jr%3BStewart%2C+A+J%3BAlarcon%2C+C%3BMcMillen%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Callaham&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1658&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fungi Associated with the Stalk Rot Complex of Pearl Millet AN - 18602194; 5451569 AB - Stalk rot is frequently observed in maturing, rust-infected pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum). Fungi were isolated from internal stalk tissue, and their association with node discoloration and rust infection at different stages of plant maturity was determined to gain a greater understanding of stalk rot etiology. In 1995, stalk rot was observed in a breeding population of pearl millet. Stalks of 10 rust-infected plants were collected on each of three dates during grain fill. Frequency of symptomatic, discolored nodes was higher in the later sampling dates. Stalk sections from 119 discolored nodes were surface sterilized and plated onto agar media. Fungi most frequently isolated from symptomatic nodes were Bipolaris setariae (isolated from 47% of discolored nodes), Fusarium semitectum (28.6%), and F. moniliforme sensu lato (23.5%). Isolation frequency of these fungi differed (P < 0.05) with sampling date. In 1996 and 1997, the hybrid HGM 100 was evaluated at two dates of planting in each year. Ten stalks were sampled at each of four growth stages: panicle emergence, stigma emergence, milk, and hard dough. A total of 140 stalks was assessed for rust severity and for internal stalk discoloration at the nodes. The frequency of discolored nodes increased with plant maturation and was correlated (P < 0.01) with severity of rust infection. All nodes were plated on an agar medium, and a total of 1,512 isolates from 30 fungal genera or species were isolated from the 1,540 nodes of the sampled stalks. F. moniliforme was isolated most frequently (isolated from 23.5% of all nodes). Frequency of isolation of F. moniliforme from nodes within stalks increased with advancing maturity in the earlier dates of planting, but was not correlated with rust infection. B. setariae (isolated from 9.2% of all nodes) was more frequently isolated from plants at the dough stage in three plantings, and was correlated (P < 0.01) with rust severity. Trends in the frequency of isolation of other fungi were inconsistent between planting dates or among growth stages. Frequency of isolation of F. semitectum (isolated from 11.0% of all nodes) and Alternaria spp. (6.9% of all nodes) was correlated (P < 0.05) with rust severity. Frequency of isolation of Curvularia spp. (isolated from 7.0% of all nodes) was negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with rust severity. Isolation of Alternaria spp. and B. setariae was more frequently associated with node discoloration than was isolation of the other fungi. Stalk rot of pearl millet is the result of a complex of several fungi whose incidence was influenced by rust infection, plant maturation, and environmental factors associated with differences among years and dates of planting. JF - Plant Disease AU - Wilson, J P AD - USDA-ARS Crop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit, University of Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, GA 31793, USA, jwilson@tifton.cpes.peachnet.edu Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 833 EP - 839 VL - 86 IS - 8 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18602194?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Fungi+Associated+with+the+Stalk+Rot+Complex+of+Pearl+Millet&rft.au=Wilson%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=833&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The cost of soil erosion to downstream navigation AN - 18567781; 5460912 AB - The objective of this work is to estimate how changes in soil conservation affect costs to downstream navigation. Models are developed to account for the hydrology and the subsequent flow of sediment within the conterminous states. The hydrologic models, along with detailed data on the location and costs of dredged harbors and shipping channels, provide an avenue for approximating erosion's impact on navigation costs. Results indicate that a ton of eroded soil in some areas imposes no costs to navigation, while costs reach $5 per ton in other areas. Costs vary significantly across relatively small geographic areas because some watersheds affect no downstream shipping channels or harbors, while others affect major shipping areas and can have high sediment disposal costs. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Hansen, L T AU - Breneman, V E AU - Davison, C W AU - Dicken, C W AD - Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 205 EP - 212 VL - 57 IS - 4 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation KW - Q2 02264:Sediments and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18567781?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=The+cost+of+soil+erosion+to+downstream+navigation&rft.au=Hansen%2C+L+T%3BBreneman%2C+V+E%3BDavison%2C+C+W%3BDicken%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Contribution of fitness and activity to childhood obesity among hispanic siblings AN - 18508823; 5474492 AB - To determine the relative contribution of the environment and genetics to childhood obesity, obese Hispanic children and their biological siblings are being phenotyped in the Viva La Familia study. Herewithin, the contribution of activity and fitness to childhood obesity is tested in 351 Hispanic children. Families are ascertained on an obese child with BMI>95 super(th) percentile and percent fat mass>85 super(th) percentile. Body composition is measured by DXA. Fitness is assessed by a VO sub(2)peak test on a treadmill. Activity is monitored for 3-d using a Mini-Mitter Actiwatch. Adjusted for age, sex, and FFM, VO sub(2)peak was significantly lower in obese than nonobese boys. Activity counts did not differ by obesity status. Obese children spent slightly more time in sedentary activities and less time in light activities than their nonobese siblings, while the time spent in moderate and vigorous activities did not differ by obesity status. Conclusion: Physical activity and fitness were not necessarily lower in obese children compared with their nonobese siblings. JF - International Journal of Obesity AU - Butte, N AU - Ellis, K AU - Bacino, C AU - Puyau, M AU - Adolph, A AU - Vohra, F AU - Cole, S AU - Martin, L AU - Comuzzie, A Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 1 PB - Nature Publishing Group, Brunel Road Houndmills Basingstoke Hampshire RG21 6XS UK, [URL:http://www.naturesj.com/ijo/] VL - 26 KW - Physical Education Index KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18508823?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Obesity&rft.atitle=Contribution+of+fitness+and+activity+to+childhood+obesity+among+hispanic+siblings&rft.au=Butte%2C+N%3BEllis%2C+K%3BBacino%2C+C%3BPuyau%2C+M%3BAdolph%2C+A%3BVohra%2C+F%3BCole%2C+S%3BMartin%2C+L%3BComuzzie%2C+A&rft.aulast=Butte&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Obesity&rft.issn=03070565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Integrating landscape assessment and hydrologic modeling for land cover change analysis AN - 18504536; 5467463 AB - Significant land cover changes have occurred in the watersheds that contribute runoff to the upper San Pedro River in Sonora, Mexico, and southeast Arizona. These changes, observed using a series of remotely sensed images taken in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, have been implicated in the alteration of the basin hydrologic response. The Cannonsville subwatershed, located in the Catskill/Delaware watershed complex that delivers water to New York City, provides a contrast in land cover change. In this region, the Cannonsville watershed condition has improved over a comparable time period. A landscape assessment tool using a geographic information system (GIS) has been developed that automates the parameterization of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and KINEmatic Runoff and EROSion (KINEROS) hydrologic models. The Automated Geospatial Watershed Assessment (AGWA) tool was used to prepare parameter input files for the Upper San Pedro Basin, a subwatershed within the San Pedro undergoing significant changes, and the Cannonsville watershed using historical land cover data. Runoff and sediment yield were simulated using these models. In the Cannonsville watershed, land cover change had a beneficial impact on modeled watershed response due to the transition from agriculture to forest land cover. Simulation results for the San Pedro indicate that increasing urban and agricultural areas and the simultaneous invasion of woody plants and decline of grasslands resulted in increased annual and event runoff volumes, flashier flood response, and decreased water quality due to sediment loading. These results demonstrate the usefulness of integrating remote sensing and distributed hydrologic models through the use of GIS for assessing watershed condition and the relative impacts of land cover transitions on hydrologic response. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Miller, S N AU - Kepner, W G AU - Mehaffey, M H AU - Hernandez, M AU - Miller, R C AU - Goodrich, D C AU - Devonald, K K AU - Heggem, D T AU - Miller, W P AD - USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA, smiller@tucson.ars.ag.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 915 EP - 930 VL - 38 IS - 4 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Mexico, Sonora, San Pedro R. KW - USA, Arizona, San Pedro R. KW - USA, New York KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 2060:Effects on water of human nonwater activities KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18504536?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Integrating+landscape+assessment+and+hydrologic+modeling+for+land+cover+change+analysis&rft.au=Miller%2C+S+N%3BKepner%2C+W+G%3BMehaffey%2C+M+H%3BHernandez%2C+M%3BMiller%2C+R+C%3BGoodrich%2C+D+C%3BDevonald%2C+K+K%3BHeggem%2C+D+T%3BMiller%2C+W+P&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=915&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pear Transformed with a Lytic Peptide Gene for Disease Control Affects Nontarget Organism, Pear Psylla (Homoptera: Psyllidae) AN - 18491104; 5459969 AB - The biology and behavior of pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster, on a transgenic clone of 'Bartlett' pear, Pyrus communis L., containing a synthetic antimicrobial gene, D5C1 , was compared with that of a nontransgenic parental clone to determine whether there were any nontarget effects. The gene construct also contained the marker gene nptII (aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase II) that encodes for antibiotic resistance to identify transformed plants. The purpose of the original transformation was to enhance pear resistance to the bacterial disease fireblight caused by Erwinia amylovora (Burr.) Winslow et al. The biology and behavior of pear psylla on a transgenic clone were compared with a nontransgenic parental pear clone in short- (~,7-d) and long-term (32-d) studies. Short-term studies indicated pear psylla adults preferred to settle and oviposit, and nymphs fed more and developed slightly faster, on transgenic pear compared with nontransgenic pear. In contrast, a long-term study on psylla colony development showed considerably fewer eggs, nymphs, and adults were produced on transgenic pear. Although adults reared on transgenic pear did not have weight affected, females produced fewer eggs and nymphal hatch was significantly reduced on the transgenic pear clone. Our results suggest that pear psylla biology and behavior are initially enhanced on this transgenic pear clone. However, chronic exposure of psylla populations to transformed pear plants that express the nptII marker and lytic peptide genes had detrimental effects on pear psylla reproductive biology. Field studies would be required to determine the specific effects of each gene on pear psylla biology and behavior and whether these effects would be expressed under natural conditions. The four-fold reduction in psylla population levels that resulted on this disease resistant transgenic pear line would be an added benefit to a pear integrated pest management (IPM) program. Overall, this study demonstrates that genetically altering plants to control one particular organism can have unintentional yet beneficial effects against other nontarget pest organisms in agricultural crops. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Puterka, G J AU - Bocchetti, C AU - Dang, P AU - Bell, R L AU - Scorza, R Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 797 EP - 802 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 95 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Homoptera KW - Jumping plantlice KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 310:Agricultural Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18491104?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Pear+Transformed+with+a+Lytic+Peptide+Gene+for+Disease+Control+Affects+Nontarget+Organism%2C+Pear+Psylla+%28Homoptera%3A+Psyllidae%29&rft.au=Puterka%2C+G+J%3BBocchetti%2C+C%3BDang%2C+P%3BBell%2C+R+L%3BScorza%2C+R&rft.aulast=Puterka&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=797&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-0493%282002%29095%280797%3APTWALP%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0022-0493&volume=95&page=797 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-0493(2002)095(0797:PTWALP)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conservation of Predatory Arthropods in Cotton: Role of Action Thresholds for Bemisia Tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) AN - 18490412; 5459953 AB - Studies were conducted in 1994 and 1995 to examine the effects of a range of action thresholds for managing Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) Biotype B (=B. argentifolii Bellows & Perring) with insecticides in cotton on populations of arthropod predators in Imperial Valley, CA, and Maricopa, AZ. Application of insecticides significantly reduced population densities of spiders, Geocoris punctipes (Say), G. pallens (Staal), Orius tristicolor (White), Nabis alternatus Parshley, Zelus renardii Kolenati, Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville, Spanogonicus albofasciatus (Reuter), Drapetis sp., and Chrysoperla carnea Stephens in one or both years and sites compared with untreated controls. Use of higher B. tabaci thresholds conserved some species and groups relative to lower thresholds. Stepwise regression analyses indicated that reductions in predator populations were generally influenced more strongly by the timing of the first insecticide application than by the total number of sprays necessary to maintain suppression of the pest below any given action threshold. A predation index, which weights the importance of each predator species based on their known frequency of predation on B. tabaci and another key pest, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), was developed and analyzed. Patterns were similar to results based on changes in abundance alone, but the index generally revealed less severe effects of insecticides on overall predator function. The current action threshold for conventional insecticidal control of B. tabaci in Arizona and southern California is five adults per leaf. Results here suggest that predator conservation may be enhanced by raising the initial threshold to delay the first application or initially using more selective materials such as insect growth regulators. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Naranjo, SE AU - Ellsworth, P C AU - Chu, C C AU - Henneberry, T J AD - Western Cotton Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 4135 East Broadway Road, Phoenix, AZ 85040, snaranjo@wcrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 682 EP - 691 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 95 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Treehoppers KW - Whiteflies KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18490412?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Conservation+of+Predatory+Arthropods+in+Cotton%3A+Role+of+Action+Thresholds+for+Bemisia+Tabaci+%28Homoptera%3A+Aleyrodidae%29&rft.au=Naranjo%2C+SE%3BEllsworth%2C+P+C%3BChu%2C+C+C%3BHenneberry%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Naranjo&rft.aufirst=SE&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=682&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-0493%282002%29095%280682%3ACOPAIC%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0022-0493&volume=95&page=682 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-0493(2002)095(0682:COPAIC)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interactions Between Myxobacteria, Plant Pathogenic Fungi, and Biocontrol Agents AN - 18488219; 5451577 AB - Myxobacteria are soil dwelling gram-negative gliding bacteria that form fruiting bodies containing myxospores. Although myxobacteria produce a wide range of antibiotics and lytic enzymes that assist in their ability to prey on other microorganisms, their role in agriculture has received little attention. Myxococcus spp. were isolated from soils in organic and conventionally managed strawberry production and transplant fields in the absence of soil fumigation. Fumigation with methyl bromide and chloropicrin virtually eliminated these organisms from soil. However, soil fumigation had no effect on the frequency of isolation of Myxococcus spp. from strawberry roots. Six Myxococcus spp. were tested in vitro against eight soilborne plant pathogenic fungi (Cylindrocarpon spp., Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. apii, Phytophthora capsici, Pythium ultimum, Rhizoctonia spp., Sclerotinia minor, Verticillium albo-atrum, and V. dahliae) and against two fungal biological control agents (Gliocladium virens and Trichoderma viride). Phytophthora capsici, Pythium ultimum, Rhizoctonia spp., S. minor, and T. viride were completely inhibited by all of the Myxococcus spp. tested. F. oxysporum f. sp. apii was the least sensitive to the myxobacteria, and no inhibition occurred with some Myxococcus spp. Inhibition of the other fungi tested was variable. Myxococcus coralloides inhibited nearly all the fungi tested. The ability of bacterial biological control agents to produce antibiotics and other secondary metabolites determined whether or not they were lysed by myxobacteria. Secondary metabolite production regulated by gacS protected Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CHA0 from lysis by myxobacteria. More specifically, phenazine antibiotics produced by Pseudomonas aureofaciens strain 30-84 protected it from lysis. JF - Plant Disease AU - Bull, C T AU - Shetty, K G AU - Subbarao, K V AD - USDA-ARS, 1636 E. Alisal St., Salinas, CA 93905, USA, cbull@pw.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 889 EP - 896 VL - 86 IS - 8 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01067:Antifungal & fungicidal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18488219?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Interactions+Between+Myxobacteria%2C+Plant+Pathogenic+Fungi%2C+and+Biocontrol+Agents&rft.au=Bull%2C+C+T%3BShetty%2C+K+G%3BSubbarao%2C+K+V&rft.aulast=Bull&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=889&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of Pearl Millet Grain Hybrids for Resistance to Meloidogyne spp. and Leaf Blight Caused by Pyricularia grisea AN - 18487840; 5451580 AB - Pearl millet, Pennisetum glaucum, has potential as a grain crop in the southeastern United States. Our objectives were to (i) determine the resistance and/or tolerance of pearl millet hybrids to Meloidogyne incognita race 3 and M. arenaria race 1; (ii) compare reproduction of Meloidogyne spp. on pearl millet and corn; and (iii) determine the disease severity of leaf blight caused primarily by Pyricularia grisea. In a field naturally infested with M. incognita, experimental pearl millet hybrids with inbreds 114 and 117 as the pollinators had fewer numbers of second-stage juveniles and more severe leaf blight than did HGM-100, a nematode-susceptible hybrid; hybrids with inbred 115 as the pollinator were similar to HGM-100 in both nematode numbers and foliar disease severity. Grain yields in pearl millet were greater in plots treated with 1,3-dichloropropene than in control plots and were negatively correlated with leaf blight severity. In a greenhouse experiment, both M. incognita and M. arenaria produced fewer eggs on pearl millet hybrids with pollinators 114, 117, 101, 102, and 103 than on hybrid HGM-100. Reproduction of M. incognita was less on the resistant pearl millet hybrids than on corn. Because both M. incognita and P. grisea can reduce grain yield of pearl millet, hybrids developed for the southeastern United States should be resistant to both pathogens. JF - Plant Disease AU - Timper, P AU - Wilson, J P AU - Johnson, A W AU - Hanna, W W AD - USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, P.O. Box 748, Tifton, GA 31793, USA, ptimper@tifton.cpes.peachnet.edu Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 909 EP - 914 VL - 86 IS - 8 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - 1,3-Dichloropropene KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18487840?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+Pearl+Millet+Grain+Hybrids+for+Resistance+to+Meloidogyne+spp.+and+Leaf+Blight+Caused+by+Pyricularia+grisea&rft.au=Timper%2C+P%3BWilson%2C+J+P%3BJohnson%2C+A+W%3BHanna%2C+W+W&rft.aulast=Timper&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=909&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential Resistance to Botryosphaeria ribis Among Cercis Taxa AN - 18486847; 5451575 AB - The redbud (Cercis sp.) is a popular ornamental small tree or shrub, valued commercially for its early spring bloom and adaptability to diverse environmental conditions. Despite these characteristics, large-scale production of redbud has been limited, due in part to their susceptibility to a fungal canker caused by Botryosphaeria ribis. We screened 711 plants in 11 Cercis taxa for response to inoculation with B. ribis. The taxa native to North America, C. canadensis and C. occidentalis, were more susceptible than Asian species. A logistic regression of the number of symptomatic plants 10 weeks postinoculation with taxa and size (stem diameter) as independent variables explained 41% of the variation. Sixteen percent was attributable to taxon effects and 36% was attributable to taxon-independent size effects. Size and taxon effects were not completely orthogonal, and taxa with larger mean stem diameters generally had higher percentages of symptomless plants. A high level of unexplained variation (59%) was found, and is likely due to intraspecific variation among seed lots. Comparisons of 11 seed lots of C. canadensis revealed significantly different proportions of diseased plants ranging from 52 to 92% after 10 weeks, but all plants eventually became diseased. JF - Plant Disease AU - Pooler, M R AU - Jacobs, KA AU - Kramer, M AD - USDA/ARS/US National Arboretum, 3501 New York Ave., NE, Washington, DC 20002, USA, mpooler@ars-grin.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 880 EP - 882 VL - 86 IS - 8 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01028:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18486847?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Differential+Resistance+to+Botryosphaeria+ribis+Among+Cercis+Taxa&rft.au=Pooler%2C+M+R%3BJacobs%2C+KA%3BKramer%2C+M&rft.aulast=Pooler&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=880&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Expression of NEP1 by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli After Gene Replacement and Overexpression Using Polyethylene Glycol-Mediated Transformation AN - 18484839; 5451585 AB - The necrosis inducing extracellular protein Nep1 is produced by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli in liquid culture. NEP1, the Nep1 protein structural gene, was disrupted in F. oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli isolate EN-4 by gene replacement using polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated transformation. NEP1 disruption was verified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Southern blot, and northern blot analysis. NEP1-disrupted transformants failed to produce Nep1 in liquid culture. NEP1 disruption did not affect the pathogenicity of isolate EN-4 toward Erythroxylum coca. Transformation of isolate EN-4 with construct pPB-FO11-45 carrying NEP1 between the trpC promoter and terminator resulted in increased production of Nep1 in potato dextrose broth plus 1% casamino acids or Czapek-Dox broth plus 1% casamino acids but not in potato dextrose broth alone. Transformation of EN-4 with construct pPB-FO11-45 was verified by PCR and Southern blot analysis. Overexpression of NEP1 was confirmed by northern blot and Tricine-sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis. NEP1-overexpressing transformant 15 produced 64 to 128 times as much Nep1 as EN-4 wild type when grown in shake cultures. Transformants overexpressing Nep1 in liquid culture were no more or less pathogenic toward E. coca than wild-type isolates. Nep1 was not detected in E. coca seedlings infected with NEP1-overexpressing transformants or with EN-4 wild type. In large-scale fermentations of NEP1-overexpressing transformant 15, the amount of secreted protein including Nep1 was 15.1 times that of the wild-type EN-4, providing a ready source of Nep1 for future study. JF - Phytopathology AU - Bailey, BA AU - Apel-Birkhold, P C AU - Luster, D G AD - USDA-ARS, Alternate Crops and Systems Laboratory, Bldg. 001, Rm. 342, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, baileyb@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 833 EP - 841 VL - 92 IS - 8 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - NEP1 gene KW - Nep1 protein KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18484839?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Expression+of+NEP1+by+Fusarium+oxysporum+f.+sp.+erythroxyli+After+Gene+Replacement+and+Overexpression+Using+Polyethylene+Glycol-Mediated+Transformation&rft.au=Bailey%2C+BA%3BApel-Birkhold%2C+P+C%3BLuster%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=833&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutation of rpiA in Enterobacter cloacae Decreases Seed and Root Colonization and Biocontrol of Damping-Off Caused by Pythium ultimum on Cucumber AN - 18477911; 5451912 AB - Strains of Enterobacter cloacae show promise as biocontrol agents for Pythium ultimum-induced damping-off on cucumber and other crops. E. cloacae A145 is a mini-Tn5 Km transposon mutant of strain 501R3 that was significantly reduced in suppression of damping-off on cucumber caused by P. ultimum. Strain A145 was deficient in colonization of cucumber, sunflower, and wheat seeds and significantly reduced in colonization of corn and cowpea seeds relative to strain 501R3. Populations of strain A145 were also significantly lower than those of strain 501R3 at all sampling times in cucumber, wheat, and sunflower rhizosphere. Populations of strain A145 were not detectable in any rhizosphere after 42 days, while populations of strain 501R3 remained at substantial levels throughout all experiments. Molecular characterization of strain A145 indicated mini-Tn5 Km was inserted in a region of the E. cloacae genome with a high degree of DNA and amino acid sequence similarity to rpiA, which encodes ribose-5-phosphate isomerase. In Escherichia coli, RpiA catalyzes the interconversion of ribose-5-phosphate and ribulose-5-phosphate and is a key enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway. Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase activity in cell lysates from strain A145 was approximately 3.5% of that from strain 501R3. In addition, strain A145 was a ribose auxotroph, as expected for an rpiA mutant. Introduction of a 1.0-kb DNA fragment containing only the rpiA homologue into strain A145 restored ribose phosphate isomerase activity, prototrophy, seedling colonization, and disease suppression to levels similar to those associated with strain 501R3. Experiments reported here indicate a key role for rpiA and possibly the pentose phosphate pathway in suppression of damping-off and colonization of subterranean portions of plants by E. cloacae. JF - Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions AU - Lohrke, S M AU - Dery, P D AU - Li, Wei AU - Reedy, R AU - Kobayashi, D Y AU - Roberts, D P AD - Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Building 001, Room 140, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, robertsd@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 817 EP - 825 VL - 15 IS - 8 SN - 0894-0282, 0894-0282 KW - ribose-5-phosphate KW - rpiA gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Genetics Abstracts KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18477911?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Plant-Microbe+Interactions&rft.atitle=Mutation+of+rpiA+in+Enterobacter+cloacae+Decreases+Seed+and+Root+Colonization+and+Biocontrol+of+Damping-Off+Caused+by+Pythium+ultimum+on+Cucumber&rft.au=Lohrke%2C+S+M%3BDery%2C+P+D%3BLi%2C+Wei%3BReedy%2C+R%3BKobayashi%2C+D+Y%3BRoberts%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=Lohrke&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=817&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Plant-Microbe+Interactions&rft.issn=08940282&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a coupled enzyme assay for the measurement of alternanase activity AN - 18476372; 5445530 AB - Alternanase, an endoglucanase that hydrolyzes the bacterial exopolysaccharide alternan, will also hydrolyze the trisaccharide, panose, to produce glucose and a disaccharide that can be formed into a novel, cyclic tetrasaccharide. The glucose can then be selectively and quantitatively measured by enzyme-based reaction which forms the basis of a coupled enzyme assay to quantitate alternanase activity. By this method a preparation of alternanase purified by affinity chromatography on immobilized isomaltose had a maximum reaction rate (V sub(max)) of 0.75 mu mol glucose min super(-1) and a K sub(m) of 34 mM for panose. Two competitive inhibitors of alternanase activity were also evaluated using this coupled enzyme assay: isomaltose had a K sub(i) of 94 mM while the cyclic tetrasaccharide had a K sub(i) of 66 mM. JF - Biotechnology Letters AU - Ahlgren, JA AU - Cote, G L AD - Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA, cotegl@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/08/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Aug 01 SP - 1277 EP - 1280 VL - 24 IS - 15 SN - 0141-5492, 0141-5492 KW - alternanase KW - isomaltose KW - panose KW - trisaccharides KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W2 32210:Immobilization KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 320:Cell Culture & Batch Fermentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18476372?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+coupled+enzyme+assay+for+the+measurement+of+alternanase+activity&rft.au=Ahlgren%2C+JA%3BCote%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Ahlgren&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=1277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.issn=01415492&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Carbon Dioxide Enrichment on Leaf Chemistry and Reproduction by Twospotted Spider Mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) on White Clover AN - 18462526; 5439341 AB - Plant growth and yield responses to carbon dioxide (CO2) enrichment are well established. Much less is known of the response of arthropod pests to CO2 enrichment. Reproductive response of twospotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae Koch) on white clover (Trifolium repens L.) to a range of CO2 concentrations was measured. The CO2 treatments were applied for 24 h d-1 at -395, 484, 570, 657, and 748 kLL-1 on the 14 d before and 26-27 d after infestation with mites. Eggs, larvae, nymphs, and adult mites were removed from leaves and counted 27-29 d after infestation. Leaf area and weight were measured, and leaves were analyzed to measure structural and nonstructural carbohydrates, N, amino acids and digestibility. Carbon dioxide enrichment caused linear increases in plant growth and foliar nonstructural carbohydrates, but caused linear decreases in foliar N. Carbon dioxide enrichment significantly increased the rate of mite reproduction on both clover clones. Correlations between mite population increase were significantly positive for foliar nonstructural carbohydrates and significantly negative for foliar N. Concentrations of ambient CO2 expected in the 21st century may increase the risk of mite population damage on some plant species. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Heagle, A S AU - Burns, J C AU - Fisher, D S AU - Miller, JE AD - Air Quality-Plant Growth and Development Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 3908 Inwood Road, Raleigh, NC 27603, asheagle@unity.ncsu.edu Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 594 EP - 601 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 31 IS - 4 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Acari KW - Spider mites KW - White clover KW - elevated carbon dioxide KW - Entomology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - Y 25422:Invertebrates (excluding insects) KW - D 04660:Arachnids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18462526?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Carbon+Dioxide+Enrichment+on+Leaf+Chemistry+and+Reproduction+by+Twospotted+Spider+Mites+%28Acari%3A+Tetranychidae%29+on+White+Clover&rft.au=Heagle%2C+A+S%3BBurns%2C+J+C%3BFisher%2C+D+S%3BMiller%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Heagle&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=469&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0013-8746%282002%29095%280469%3ADAPOPA%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2002)031(0594:EOCDEO)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predictive model for growth of Clostridium perfringens during cooling of cooked cured chicken AN - 18455713; 5429992 AB - Estimates of the growth kinetics of Clostridium perfringens from spores at temperatures applicable to the cooling of cooked cured chicken products are presented. A model for predicting relative growth of C. perfringens from spores during cooling of cured chicken is derived using a nonlinear mixed effects analysis of the data. This statistical procedure has not been used in the predictive microbiology literature that has been written for microbiologists. However, recently software systems have been including this statistical procedure. The primary growth curves, based on the stages of cell development, identify two parameters: (1) germination, outgrowth, and lag (GOL) time, or lag phase time; and (2) exponential growth rate, egr. The mixed effects model does not consider GOL and egr as constants, but as random variables that would, in all likelihood, differ for different cooling events with the same temperature. As such, it is estimated that the egr, for a given temperature, has a CV of approximately 19%. The model obtained by the mixed effects model is compared to the one obtained by the more traditional two-stage approach. The estimated parameters from the derived models are virtually the same. The model predicts, for example, a geometric mean relative growth of about 9.4 with an upper 95% confidence limit of 21.3 when cooling the product from 51 degree C to 12 degree C in 8 h, assuming log linear decline in temperature with time. C. perfringens growth from spores was not observed at a temperature of 12 degree C for up to 3 weeks. Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. JF - Food Microbiology AU - Juneja, V K AU - Marks, H M AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Food Safety Research Unit, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, 19038, USA Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 313 EP - 327 PB - Academic Press VL - 19 IS - 4 SN - 0740-0020, 0740-0020 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18455713?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Predictive+model+for+growth+of+Clostridium+perfringens+during+cooling+of+cooked+cured+chicken&rft.au=Juneja%2C+V+K%3BMarks%2C+H+M&rft.aulast=Juneja&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=07400020&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Ffmic.2002.0486 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/fmic.2002.0486 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nesting Biology Of Tapaculos (Rhinocryptidae) In Fragmented South-temperate Rainforests Of Chile AN - 18451361; 5419291 AB - We studied the effect of forest fragmentation on the nesting biology and reproductive success of three species of tapaculos (Rhinocryptidae) in relation to forest size, edge effects, and disturbance from livestock or logging over a 6-year period (1993-1999) in Chilean temperate rainforest. Overall, Mayfield nest success (n = 360) among the three species ranged from 64% to 85%, and predation accounted for 64% of nest losses. Considering all types of losses, nest mortality was similar in fragmented and unfragmented forest, but predation was higher in fragmented forest. Successful nest sites of the Chucao Tapaculo (Sclerochilus rubecula; the species with the largest sample size) were nearer forest edges, better concealed, closer to the ground, and had longer entrance tunnels, on average, than depredated nests. Reuse of nest sites by chucaos was more common in forest fragments with livestock or logging than in undisturbed forests, but reuse was independent of forest size. Success of second broods was lower in reused nest sites than in new nest sites. Nestling growth in fragmented forest and forest with livestock or logging activity was similar to that in unfragmented and undisturbed forest. Clutch size was typically two, but birds nesting at low densities in forest fragments often laid three-egg clutches following a nest failure. In addition to negative effects of forest fragmentation during nesting (greater use of less-successful nest sites, higher nest predation), there was an indication that early juvenile survival was lower in forest fragments.Original Abstract: Durante seis anos (1993-1999) estudiamos los efectos de la fragmentacion de bosques templados del sur de Chile sobre la biologia y exito reproductivo de tres especies de tapaculos (Rhynocriptidae) en relacion al tamano del fragmento boscoso, efectos de borde, y perturbacion por ganado domestico y tala de arboles. En general, el exito de nidificacion (n = 360) estimado por el metodo Mayfield para las tres especies vario entre 64% y 85%. La depredacion explico un 64% de las perdidas de nidos. Tomando en cuenta todas las causas de mortalidad, la perdida de nidos fue equivalente en bosques fragmentados y continuos, pero la depredacion fue mayor en bosques fragmentados. Los sitios de nidificacion exitosa de Sclerochilus rubecula (chucao; la especie con el mayor numero de muestras) se encontraron, en promedio, mas cerca de los bordes, mejor ocultos, mas cerca del suelo y con tuneles de entrada mas largos que los nidos depredados. La reutilizacion de nidos por parte de los chucaos fue mas comun en los fragmentos perturbados por tala de arboles o pisoteo de ganado que en bosques no perturbados, pero fue independiente del tamano del fragmento. El exito de la segunda nidada fue menor en nidos re-utilizados que en nidos nuevos. El crecimiento de los juveniles en los nidos ubicados en bosques fragmentados y perturbados fue similar al del observado en los bosques continuos no perturbados. El numero de crias de los chucaos fue tipicamente dos, pero las aves que anidaron en fragmentos boscosos, donde la densidad local era baja, frecuentemente pusieron tres huevos por nido luego de un intento de nidificacion fallido. Ademas de los efectos negativos de la fragmentacion del bosque durante el periodo de nidificacion (i.e., mayor uso de sitios de nidificacion inseguros, mayor depredacion de nidos), la sobrevivencia temprana de los juveniles seria menor en fragmentos boscosos. JF - Condor AU - De Santo, TL AU - Willson, M F AU - Sieving, KE AU - Armesto, J J AD - Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 2770 Sherwood Lane, Suite 2A, Juneau AK 99801-8545, damore@gci.net Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 482 EP - 495 PB - Cooper Ornithological Society VL - 104 IS - 3 SN - 0010-5422, 0010-5422 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25426:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18451361?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Condor&rft.atitle=Nesting+Biology+Of+Tapaculos+%28Rhinocryptidae%29+In+Fragmented+South-temperate+Rainforests+Of+Chile&rft.au=De+Santo%2C+TL%3BWillson%2C+M+F%3BSieving%2C+KE%3BArmesto%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=De+Santo&rft.aufirst=TL&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=482&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Condor&rft.issn=00105422&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0010-5422%282002%29104%280482%3ANBOTRI%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0010-5422(2002)104(0482:NBOTRI)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - American White Pelican Soaring Flight Times And Altitudes Relative To Changes In Thermal Depth And Intensity AN - 18447973; 5419313 AB - We compared American White Pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) soaring flight times and altitudes to model-produced estimates of thermal depth and intensity. These data showed that pelican soaring flight was confined to the thermal layer, and that the vertical extent of the soaring flight envelope increased with increases in thermal depth. Pelicans soaring cross-country between foraging and breeding sites flew mainly within the middle of the thermal layer, regardless of its depth. In contrast, pelicans engaged in wandering flight near foraging sites typically confined their flight to the lower thermal layer. Pelicans soaring cross-country likely flew higher in the thermal layer to maximize cross-country soaring performance, while pelicans soaring locally presumably flew lower because additional altitude was unneeded for gliding short distances. An analysis of pelican flight times relative to model-produced estimates of thermal intensity suggested that pelicans began soaring as soon as sufficiently strong thermals developed daily.Original Abstract: Comparamos el tiempo y la intensidad del vuelo planeado del pelicano Pelecanus erythrorhynchos con estimaciones modeladas de la profundidad e intensidad de las corrientes termicas. Estos datos mostraron que el planeo de los pelicanos estuvo confinado a la capa termica y que la extension vertical del area de planeo incremento con incrementos en la profundidad de la corriente termica. Los pelicanos que planearon a campo traviesa entre los sitios de alimentacion y cria volaron principalmente en el medio de la capa termica, independientemente de su profundidad. En contraste, los pelicanos que vagaron cerca de los sitios de alimentacion tipicamente restringieron sus vuelos a la parte inferior de la capa termica. Los pelicanos que planearon a campo traviesa probablemente volaron mas alto en la capa termica para maximizar el desempeno del planeo, mientras que los que planearon a nivel local presumiblemente volaron mas bajo porque no necesitaron mayor altitud para planear por distancias cortas. Un analisis del tiempo de vuelo de los pelicanos con relacion a las estimaciones modeladas de intensidad de las corrientes termicas sugirio que los pelicanos comenzaron a planear diariamente tan pronto como aparecieron corrientes termicas suficientemente fuertes. JF - Condor AU - Shannon, H D AU - Young, G S AU - Yates, MA AU - Fuller, M R AU - Seegar, W S AD - Department of Meteorology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, hshannon@oce.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 679 EP - 683 PB - Cooper Ornithological Society VL - 104 IS - 3 SN - 0010-5422, 0010-5422 KW - American white pelican KW - thermals KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Marine KW - Brackish KW - Freshwater KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Q1 01423:Behaviour KW - Q1 01361:General KW - Y 25656:Birds KW - Q1 01421:Migrations and rhythms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18447973?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Condor&rft.atitle=American+White+Pelican+Soaring+Flight+Times+And+Altitudes+Relative+To+Changes+In+Thermal+Depth+And+Intensity&rft.au=Shannon%2C+H+D%3BYoung%2C+G+S%3BYates%2C+MA%3BFuller%2C+M+R%3BSeegar%2C+W+S&rft.aulast=Shannon&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=679&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Condor&rft.issn=00105422&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0010-5422%282002%29104%280679%3AAWPSFT%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Freshwater; Brackish; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0010-5422(2002)104(0679:AWPSFT)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microsatellite variation in the reintroduced Pennsylvania elk herd AN - 18446157; 5423440 AB - Relocation programs have restored elk (Cervus elaphus ) to portions of its vast historical range. We examine the consequences of these relocation programs by assessing variation at 10 microsatellite loci in three elk herds, a source herd (Yellowstone National Park), a large herd reintroduced from Yellowstone (Custer State Park) and a bottlenecked herd reintroduced from both Yellowstone and Custer (the Pennsylvania herd). Observed single locus heterozygosities ranged from 0.000 to 0.739. Multi-locus heterozygosities ranged from 0.222 to 0.589. Although significant differences were detected among all three herds, the Yellowstone National Park and Custer State Park herds possessed similar levels of variation and heterozygosity, and the genetic distance between these two herds was small. The Pennsylvania herd, on the other hand, experienced a 61.5% decrease in heterozygosity relative to its source herds, possessed no unique and few rare alleles, and the genetic distances between the Pennsylvania herd and its sources were large. Simulations were performed to identify bottleneck scenarios in agreement with levels of variation in the Pennsylvania herd. Our data confirm that the rate of population growth post-relocation may have important genetic consequences and indicate that theoretical predictions regarding the maintenance of genetic variation during relocation events must be viewed with caution when small numbers of a polygynous species are released. JF - Molecular Ecology AU - Williams, CL AU - Serfass, T L AU - Cogan, R AU - Rhodes, O E AD - Department of Forestry & Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, Christen.L.Williams@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 1299 EP - 1310 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 11 IS - 8 SN - 0962-1083, 0962-1083 KW - Red Deer KW - Wapiti KW - Ecology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - G 07409:Ruminantia (nondomestic and camelids) KW - G 07270:Ecological genetics KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18446157?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Fitness+of+Salmonella+enterica+serovar+Thompson+in+the+Cilantro+Phyllosphere&rft.au=Brandl%2C+M+T%3BMandrell%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Brandl&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=3614&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.68.7.3588-3596.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294X.2002.01546.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Infectivity of beetle spiroplasmas for new host species AN - 18446138; 5428533 AB - Five beetle spiroplasmas, the Colorado potato beetle spiroplasma (CPBS, strain LD-1), the Cantharis carolinus spiroplasma (CCBS, strain CC-1), the Ellychnia corrusca firefly spiroplasma (FS, strain EC-1), the Diabrotica undecimpunctata corn rootworm spiroplasma (CRS, strain DU-1), and the Spiroplasma floricola fall flower spiroplasma (FFS), all associated with beetles, were fed to beetles (Maladera matrida and Carpophilus humeralis) and mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens). CPBS and CCBS were also injected into M. matrida. Attempts to recover spiroplasmas from regurgitates and hemolymph were conducted 1-10 days after their introduction. After day 1, orally administered spiroplasmas could not be recovered from M. matrida beetles; however, at 2-5 days, four out of five spiroplasmas were recovered from adult C. humeralis. Injected spiroplasmas survived in the hemolymph of M. matrida beetles for a relatively long period (at least 22 days). All five spiroplasmas were recovered from mosquitoes 1 day post feeding, but only two (CCBS and CRS) survived for five or more days. The results show short and variable persistence in orally challenged non-host insects, with general failure to pass the gut barrier. Such evidence should be considered when attempting to use these microbes in biocontrol programs. JF - BioControl AU - Klein, M AU - Braverman, Y AU - Chizov-Ginzburg, A AU - Gol'berg, A AU - Blumberg, D AU - Khanbegyan, Y AU - Hackett, K J AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA, kjh@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 427 EP - 433 VL - 47 IS - 4 SN - 1386-6141, 1386-6141 KW - Coleoptera KW - Mosquitoes KW - Northern house mosquito KW - Yellow fever mosquito KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18446138?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Metabolic+engineering+of+Saccharomyces+cerevisiae+for+production+of+novel+lipid+compounds&rft.au=Dyer%2C+J%3BChapital%2C+D%3BKuan%2C+J%3BMullen%2C+R%3BPepperman%2C+A&rft.aulast=Dyer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=224&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00253-002-0997-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Value of Coarse-Scale Soil Moisture Observations for Regional Surface Energy Balance Modeling AN - 18442182; 5419773 AB - Using high-resolution (1 km) hydrologic modeling of the 575 000-km2 Red-Arkansas River basin, the impact of spatially aggregating soil moisture imagery up to the footprint scale (32-64 km) of spaceborne microwave radiometers on regional-scale prediction of surface energy fluxes is examined. While errors in surface energy fluxes associated with the aggregation of soil moisture are potentially large (>50 W m-2), relatively simple representations of subfootprint-scale variability are capable of substantially reducing the impact of soil moisture aggregation on land surface model energy flux predictions. This suggests that even crude representations of subgrid soil moisture statistics obtained from statistical downscaling procedures can aid regional-scale surface energy flux prediction. One possible soil moisture downscaling procedure, based on an assumption of spatial scaling (i.e., a power-law relationship between statistical moments and scale), is demonstrated to improve TOPmodel-based Land-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme (TOPLATS) prediction of grid-scale surface energy fluxes derived from coarse-resolution soil moisture imagery. JF - Journal of Hydrometeorology AU - Crow, W T AU - Wood, E F AD - Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, ARS/USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, wcrow@hydrolab.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 467 EP - 482 PB - American Meteorological Society VL - 3 IS - 4 SN - 1525-755X, 1525-755X KW - USA, Arkansas R. KW - USA, Red R. KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 0810:General KW - M2 551.579:Hydrometeorology (551.579) KW - M2 556.14:Infiltration/Soil Moisture (556.14) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18442182?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrometeorology&rft.atitle=The+Value+of+Coarse-Scale+Soil+Moisture+Observations+for+Regional+Surface+Energy+Balance+Modeling&rft.au=Crow%2C+W+T%3BWood%2C+E+F&rft.aulast=Crow&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=467&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrometeorology&rft.issn=1525755X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F1525-7541%282002%29003%280467%3ATVOCSS%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/1525-7541(2002)003(0467:TVOCSS)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Breeding crops for enhanced micronutrient content AN - 17680356; 5536124 AB - Micronutrient malnutrition (e.g. Fe, Zn and vitamin A deficiencies) now afflicts over 40% of the world's population and is increasing especially in many developing nations. Green revolution cropping systems may have inadvertently contributed to the growth in micronutrient deficiencies in resource-poor populations. Current interventions to eliminate these deficiencies that rely on supplementation and food fortification programs do not reach all those affected and have not proven to be sustainable. Sustainable solutions can only be developed through agricultural system approaches. One agricultural approach is to enrich major staple food crops (e.g. rice, wheat, maize, beans and cassava) in micronutrients through plant breeding strategies. Available research has demonstrated that micronutrient enrichment traits are available within the genomes of these major staple crops that could allow for substantial increases in Fe, Zn and provitamin A carotenoids without negatively impacting yield. Furthermore, micronutrient-dense seeds can increase crop yields when sowed to micronutrient-poor soils. The enrichment traits appear to be stable across various soil types and climatic environments. Further research is required to determine if increasing levels of micronutrients in staple foods can significantly improve the nutritional status of people suffering from micronutrient deficiencies. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Welch, R M AU - Graham, R D AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. Plant, Soil and Nutrition Laboratory, Tower Road, Ithaca, New York, 14853 USA., RMW1@CORNELL.EDU Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 205 EP - 214 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 245 IS - 1 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17680356?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Breeding+crops+for+enhanced+micronutrient+content&rft.au=Welch%2C+R+M%3BGraham%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Welch&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=245&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Does Prescribed Burning Have a Place in Regenerating Uneven-Aged Loblolly-Shortleaf Pine Stands? AN - 17302817; 6107324 AB - Before the 1981 growing season, a study was installed in southeastern Arkansas to examine the effects of three dormant-season burn intervals (low, moderate, and high frequency) and an unburned treatment on natural regeneration in uneven-aged stands of loblolly and shortleaf pines (Pinus taeda and P. echinata, respectively). Merchantable pine basal areas were maintained by harvesting on a 5 or 6 yr cutting cycle. When the study began, hardwoods greater than 1 in. dbh were injected with herbicide on all plots. During the next 19 yr, there were eight high frequency, four moderate frequency, and three low frequency prescribed burns. In 1991, the unburned plots received a single, broadcast-herbicide treatment. Single-tree selection harvests were conducted in 1982, 1987, 1992, and 1997. Through 1999 (19 yr), herbicides applied at 10 yr intervals were more effective than dormant-season burns for enhancing the growth of submerchantable pines. Although recurring winter burns tended to stop the progression of both pines and hardwoods from seedling to sapling size classes, the data suggest that properly timed dormant-season burns might be used to secure natural pine regeneration in selection management. JF - Southern Journal of Applied Forestry AU - Cain, MD AU - Shelton, M G AD - Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 3516 Monticello, AR, 71656-3516, USA, mcain@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 117 EP - 123 VL - 26 IS - 3 SN - 0148-4419, 0148-4419 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17302817?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southern+Journal+of+Applied+Forestry&rft.atitle=Does+Prescribed+Burning+Have+a+Place+in+Regenerating+Uneven-Aged+Loblolly-Shortleaf+Pine+Stands%3F&rft.au=Cain%2C+MD%3BShelton%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Cain&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southern+Journal+of+Applied+Forestry&rft.issn=01484419&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Patterns of Streamwater Acidity in Lye Brook Wilderness, Vermont, USA AN - 16169266; 5854052 AB - Under the United States Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977, a class I designation safeguards wilderness areas from the negative effects of new sources of air pollution. We monitored streamwater chemistry in the class I Lye Brook Wilderness in southwestern Vermont from May 1994 through August 1995. Stream samples were collected biweekly at nine sampling locations throughout the wilderness and were analyzed for major cations and anions, dissolved organic carbon, pH, and acid-neutralizing capacity. Eight of nine sites sampled had mean annual acid neutralizing capacity values below zero. During the study period, decreases in streamwater acid neutralizing capacity values were caused primarily by SO sub(4) super(2m). At some sites, however, NO sub(3) super(m) and naturally occurring, weak organic acids were seasonally important. During high discharge, the low pH and high concentrations of inorganic monomeric Al were at levels that are toxic to acid-sensitive aquatic species. Watershed mass balances were calculated to determine annual gains or losses for measured ions. These budgets indicate that S inputs and outputs were nearly equal, there was a net loss of base cations, and a net gain in N. How long these watersheds can continue to assimilate additional N inputs is unknown. JF - Environmental Management AU - Campbell, J L AU - Eagar, C AU - McDowell, W H AD - Northeastern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 234 EP - 248 PB - Springer-Verlag, Life Science Journals VL - 30 IS - 2 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Sulfates KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Anions KW - Water sampling KW - Organic acids KW - Pollution dispersion KW - Pollution effects KW - Freshwater KW - Watersheds KW - Streams KW - Environmental factors KW - Sulphur compounds KW - Environmental Policy KW - Sampling KW - Dissolved organic carbon KW - Acidity KW - Air Pollution KW - Clean Air Act Amendments KW - Organic Acids KW - Nitrates KW - Organic Carbon KW - USA, Vermont, Lye Brook Wilderness KW - Hydrogen Ion Concentration KW - Air pollution KW - Cations KW - River water KW - Acids KW - Aluminium KW - Wilderness KW - Capacity KW - Nitrogen compounds KW - USA, Vermont KW - Wilderness Areas KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16169266?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Patterns+of+Streamwater+Acidity+in+Lye+Brook+Wilderness%2C+Vermont%2C+USA&rft.au=Campbell%2C+J+L%3BEagar%2C+C%3BMcDowell%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=234&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-001-0067-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution monitoring; Anions; Organic acids; Pollution dispersion; Pollution effects; Watersheds; Environmental factors; Sulphur compounds; Air pollution; River water; Cations; Aluminium; Dissolved organic carbon; Nitrogen compounds; Acidity; Sulfates; Clean Air Act Amendments; Nitrates; Water sampling; Wilderness; Streams; Air Pollution; Organic Acids; Organic Carbon; Hydrogen Ion Concentration; Acids; Environmental Policy; Capacity; Sampling; Wilderness Areas; USA, Vermont, Lye Brook Wilderness; USA, Vermont; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-001-0067-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Control of Sediment Export from the Forest Road Prism AN - 16153186; 5559913 AB - The effectiveness of four road turn-out ditch treatments (vegetation, rip-rap, sediment fences, and settling basins) in reducing sediment export to the forest floor was evaluated. These four runoff control methods are commonly prescribed to control forest road runoff and sediments. The study utilized runoff samplers, runoff diversion walls, sediment filter bags, and erosion stakes to evaluate runoff concentration reductions through the treatments and sediment export downslope of the treatments. Settling basin, sediment fence, and vegetation treatments had no significant differences in runoff concentration reductions, which averaged more than 40%. The rip-rap was significantly less effective at reducing runoff concentration than were either the vegetation or sediment fence. The sediment basins were very effective during smaller storm events, but not during the largest storms, when they overflowed. The sediment basin exported the least amount of smaller-sized sediment that is likely to be delivered to stream systems. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Grace, JM III AD - USDA Forest Service, G.W. Andrews Forestry Sciences Lab, Southern Research Station, SRS-4703, 520 Devall Drive, Auburn, AL 36830, USA, jmgrace@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 1127 EP - 1132 VL - 45 IS - 4 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Roads KW - Settling Basins KW - Erosion Control KW - Storm Runoff KW - Vegetation KW - Forests KW - Highway Effects KW - Runoff KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16153186?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Control+of+Sediment+Export+from+the+Forest+Road+Prism&rft.au=Grace%2C+JM+III&rft.aulast=Grace&rft.aufirst=JM&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Settling Basins; Roads; Storm Runoff; Erosion Control; Forests; Vegetation; Highway Effects; Runoff ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trapped Mulch Increases Sediment Removal by Vegetative Filter Strips: A Flume Study AN - 16148909; 5559903 AB - Vegetative filter strips and crop residues are effective methods of soil erosion control on agricultural land. When crop residues become detached and move downslope in runoff, their on-site soil erosion protective effect is largely lost. When a filter strip traps residues, the filter strip's erosion control effectiveness may be increased. Few investigations have been conducted concerning this subject. In this study, we investigated the impact of upslope-detached and transported surface mulches on the sediment-trapping capability of simulated filter strips. Results showed that mulches (pine needles) added in random orientation floated parallel to the direction of flow and then turned perpendicular to the flow when they accumulated in front of a filter strip. The width of the resulting mulch barrier depended on the amount and length of the needles supplied to the flow. Shorter needles resulted in denser mulch barriers. A mulch barrier did not greatly affect the flow depth and velocity inside a filter strip, but it retarded the flow and caused a hydraulic jump upstream from the filter strip. Sediment-trapping efficiency was increased by 10% to 60% compared with the same flow, slope, and filter strip conditions without mulch. Increases in sediment trapping were most significant in long-duration tests with low-density filter strips or high slope steepness. The backwater formed by a mulch barrier increased the effective length of a filter strip, and more than 60% of sediment deposition took place in the area up-slope of the filter strip. The physical strength of the upslope edge of the filter strip that supported the mulch barrier determined long-duration functionality. Observed interactions of crop residue mulches and filter strips suggest that combining residue management systems with vegetative buffer strips containing an upslope edge of strong vegetation offer potential synergies for increased conservation effectiveness. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Jin, C-X AU - Dabney, S M AU - Roemkens, MJM AD - USDA-ARS National Sedimentation Laboratory, Oxford, MS 38655-1157, USA, mromkens@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 929 EP - 939 VL - 45 IS - 4 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Filters KW - Testing Procedures KW - Mulches KW - Barriers KW - Erosion Control KW - Soil Conservation KW - Deposition KW - Cultivated Lands KW - Soil Erosion KW - Trapping KW - Runoff KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16148909?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Trapped+Mulch+Increases+Sediment+Removal+by+Vegetative+Filter+Strips%3A+A+Flume+Study&rft.au=Jin%2C+C-X%3BDabney%2C+S+M%3BRoemkens%2C+MJM&rft.aulast=Jin&rft.aufirst=C-X&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=929&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Testing Procedures; Filters; Mulches; Barriers; Erosion Control; Soil Conservation; Deposition; Cultivated Lands; Soil Erosion; Trapping; Runoff ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing a Policy Grab Bag: Federal Water Policy Reform AN - 1038614171; 17020573 AB - This article examines the economic impacts of policy alternatives for addressing allocative inefficiencies among agricultural, urban, and environmental uses of federal water. The Central Valley Project Improvement Act, composed of multiple incentive-based and command-and-control policies, forms the context for this analysis. Estimated multi-output agricultural revenue functions and urban water demand functions are incorporated into a nonlinear programming model designed to predict changes in water use, returns to agriculture, and urban consumer surplus. Results suggest that analysis that does not explicitly model policy instruments implemented at sub-optimal levels and, as part of a package of reforms, could over- or underestimate the costs, benefits, and effectiveness of each policy instrument. JF - American Journal of Agricultural Economics AU - Weinberg, Marca AD - Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 541 EP - 556 PB - Oxford University Press, Oxford Journals, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP United Kingdom VL - 84 IS - 3 SN - 0002-9092, 0002-9092 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Economics KW - ENA 05:ENAironmental Design & Urban Ecology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1038614171?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Agricultural+Economics&rft.atitle=Assessing+a+Policy+Grab+Bag%3A+Federal+Water+Policy+Reform&rft.au=Weinberg%2C+Marca&rft.aulast=Weinberg&rft.aufirst=Marca&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=541&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Agricultural+Economics&rft.issn=00029092&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2F1467-8276.00318 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Economics DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8276.00318 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Health of forests and grasslands could be slipping away under your feet! AN - 39661173; 3695326 AU - Keely, J Y1 - 2002/07/31/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39661173?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Health+of+forests+and+grasslands+could+be+slipping+away+under+your+feet%21&rft.au=Keely%2C+J&rft.aulast=Keely&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-07-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: River Management Society, P.O. Box 9048, Missoula, MT 59807, USA; phone: 406-459-0514; email: rms@river-management.org; URL: www.river-management.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Multidisciplinary weed management on the middle fork and main salmon wild and scenic rivers: Gardening for wilderness values AN - 39661123; 3695319 AU - Hagedorn, L AU - Bernhardt, B AU - Carlson, J Y1 - 2002/07/31/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39661123?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Multidisciplinary+weed+management+on+the+middle+fork+and+main+salmon+wild+and+scenic+rivers%3A+Gardening+for+wilderness+values&rft.au=Hagedorn%2C+L%3BBernhardt%2C+B%3BCarlson%2C+J&rft.aulast=Hagedorn&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-07-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: River Management Society, P.O. Box 9048, Missoula, MT 59807, USA; phone: 406-459-0514; email: rms@river-management.org; URL: www.river-management.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Grand canyon to grand station: A history of grand canyon recreation AN - 39661054; 3695313 AU - Brown, M Y1 - 2002/07/31/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39661054?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Grand+canyon+to+grand+station%3A+A+history+of+grand+canyon+recreation&rft.au=Brown%2C+M&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-07-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: River Management Society, P.O. Box 9048, Missoula, MT 59807, USA; phone: 406-459-0514; email: rms@river-management.org; URL: www.river-management.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - River patrol programs: A field perspective from river rangers AN - 39594811; 3695320 AU - Miller, B Y1 - 2002/07/31/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39594811?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=River+patrol+programs%3A+A+field+perspective+from+river+rangers&rft.au=Miller%2C+B&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-07-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: River Management Society, P.O. Box 9048, Missoula, MT 59807, USA; phone: 406-459-0514; email: rms@river-management.org; URL: www.river-management.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - River protection strategies of the U.S. forest service AN - 39594777; 3695318 AU - Glasser, S Y1 - 2002/07/31/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39594777?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=River+protection+strategies+of+the+U.S.+forest+service&rft.au=Glasser%2C+S&rft.aulast=Glasser&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-07-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: River Management Society, P.O. Box 9048, Missoula, MT 59807, USA; phone: 406-459-0514; email: rms@river-management.org; URL: www.river-management.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Applications of a human thermal comfort model AN - 39587661; 3684434 AU - Heisler, G M AU - Wang, Y Y1 - 2002/07/31/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39587661?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Applications+of+a+human+thermal+comfort+model&rft.au=Heisler%2C+G+M%3BWang%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Heisler&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-07-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St., Boston, MA 02108-3693, USA; URL: www.ams.org. Paper No. 7.2 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Conundrum of securing water quantities on federal lands AN - 39554028; 3695341 AU - Collette, M Y1 - 2002/07/31/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39554028?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.atitle=Processes+and+forms+of+an+unstable+alluvial+system+with+resistant%2C+cohesive+streambeds&rft.au=Simon%2C+A%3BThomas%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=699&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.issn=01979337&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fesp.347 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: River Management Society, P.O. Box 9048, Missoula, MT 59807, USA; phone: 406-459-0514; email: rms@river-management.org; URL: www.river-management.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Protecting wild and scenic rivers from the harmful effects of water resources projects under section 7 of the act AN - 39540234; 3695349 AU - Horning, P AU - Diedrich, J Y1 - 2002/07/31/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39540234?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Protecting+wild+and+scenic+rivers+from+the+harmful+effects+of+water+resources+projects+under+section+7+of+the+act&rft.au=Horning%2C+P%3BDiedrich%2C+J&rft.aulast=Horning&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-07-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: River Management Society, P.O. Box 9048, Missoula, MT 59807, USA; phone: 406-459-0514; email: rms@river-management.org; URL: www.river-management.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Ecological impacts from whitewater releases - Beneficial, adverse, or non-detectable? AN - 39526095; 3695355 AU - Norman, S Y1 - 2002/07/31/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39526095?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Ecological+impacts+from+whitewater+releases+-+Beneficial%2C+adverse%2C+or+non-detectable%3F&rft.au=Norman%2C+S&rft.aulast=Norman&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-07-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: River Management Society, P.O. Box 9048, Missoula, MT 59807, USA; phone: 406-459-0514; email: rms@river-management.org; URL: www.river-management.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Space-time measurement of soil water and simulation of coupled overland/subsurface flow in undulating terrain AN - 39522089; 3682640 AU - Green, T R AU - Salas, J D AU - Ruan, H Y1 - 2002/07/31/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39522089?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Space-time+measurement+of+soil+water+and+simulation+of+coupled+overland%2Fsubsurface+flow+in+undulating+terrain&rft.au=Green%2C+T+R%3BSalas%2C+J+D%3BRuan%2C+H&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-07-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Colorado State University, Civil Engineering Dept., Fort Collins, CO 80523-1372, USA; URL: hydrologydays.colostate.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mechanism of N-terminal autoinhibition in the Arabidopsis Ca(2+)/H(+) antiporter CAX1. AN - 71901854; 12006570 AB - Regulation of Ca(2+)/H(+) antiporters may be an important function in determining the duration and amplitude of cytosolic Ca(2+) oscillations. Previously the Arabidopsis Ca(2+)/H(+) transporter, CAX1 (cation exchanger 1), was identified by its ability to suppress yeast mutants defective in vacuolar Ca(2+) transport. Recently, a 36-amino acid N-terminal regulatory region on CAX1 has been identified that inhibits CAX1-mediated Ca(2+)/H(+) antiport. Here we show that a synthetic peptide designed against the CAX1 36 amino acids inhibited Ca(2+)/H(+) transport mediated by an N-terminal-truncated CAX1 but did not inhibit Ca(2+) transport by other Ca(2+)/H(+) antiporters. Ca(2+)/H(+) antiport activity measured from vacuolar-enriched membranes of Arabidopsis root was also inhibited by the CAX1 peptide. Through analyzing CAX chimeric constructs the region of interaction of the N-terminal regulatory region was mapped to include 7 amino acids (residues 56-62) within CAX1. The CAX1 N-terminal regulatory region was shown to physically interact with this 7-amino acid region by yeast two-hybrid analysis. Mutagenesis of amino acids within the N-terminal regulatory region implicated several residues as being essential for regulation. These findings describe a unique mode of antiporter autoinhibition and demonstrate the first detailed mechanisms for the regulation of a Ca(2+)/H(+) antiporter from any organism. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Pittman, Jon K AU - Shigaki, Toshiro AU - Cheng, Ning-Hui AU - Hirschi, Kendal D AD - Plant Physiology Group, United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. Y1 - 2002/07/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 19 SP - 26452 EP - 26459 VL - 277 IS - 29 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - Antiporters KW - 0 KW - Calcium-Binding Proteins KW - Cation Transport Proteins KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins KW - calcium-hydrogen antiporters KW - Threonine KW - 2ZD004190S KW - Serine KW - 452VLY9402 KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- metabolism KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Calcium -- metabolism KW - Protein Structure, Secondary KW - Threonine -- metabolism KW - Peptide Mapping KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Arabidopsis KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Serine -- metabolism KW - Amino Acid Substitution KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Antiporters -- metabolism KW - Calcium-Binding Proteins -- physiology KW - Calcium-Binding Proteins -- metabolism KW - Antiporters -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71901854?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=Mechanism+of+N-terminal+autoinhibition+in+the+Arabidopsis+Ca%282%2B%29%2FH%28%2B%29+antiporter+CAX1.&rft.au=Pittman%2C+Jon+K%3BShigaki%2C+Toshiro%3BCheng%2C+Ning-Hui%3BHirschi%2C+Kendal+D&rft.aulast=Pittman&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft.date=2002-07-19&rft.volume=277&rft.issue=29&rft.spage=26452&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-06 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular and functional characterization of a second copy of the aflatoxin regulatory gene, aflR-2, from Aspergillus parasiticus. AN - 71850544; 12084578 AB - The genes required for the synthesis of aflatoxin (AF) in Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus have been shown to be clustered on a chromosome in these fungi. Transcription of most of these genes is dependent upon the activity of the aflR gene, also present on the gene cluster, which encodes a zinc binuclear cluster DNA-binding protein. While many strains of A. parasiticus have only one copy of aflR (aflR-1), many others contain a second copy of this gene (aflR-2) which resides on a duplicated region of the aflatoxin gene cluster. Targeted disruption of aflR-1 generated a number of non-aflatoxin producing transformants of A. parasiticus SU-1 which still harbored a wild-type aflR-2 gene. Southern and Northern hybridization analyses and ELISA assays demonstrated that aflR-1 had been successfully inactivated in strain AFS10. DNA sequence analysis showed that aflR-2 was capable of encoding a deduced 47 kDa protein. Northern and RT-PCR analysis of RNA from a toxin producing strain indicated that aflR-2 was transcribed at extremely low levels compared to aflR-1. RT-PCR analysis of RNA from AFS10 demonstrated that mRNAs of aflatoxin pathway genes were not processed to their mature forms. Functional analysis of aflr-2 protein in a yeast system showed that it was not activating transcription. JF - Biochimica et biophysica acta AU - Cary, Jeffrey W AU - Dyer, John M AU - Ehrlich, Kenneth C AU - Wright, Maureen S AU - Liang, Shun-Hsin AU - Linz, John E AD - Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70124, USA. jcary@nola.srrc.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/07/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 19 SP - 316 EP - 323 VL - 1576 IS - 3 SN - 0006-3002, 0006-3002 KW - AFLR protein, Aspergillus KW - 0 KW - AFLR-2 protein, Aspergillus parasiticus KW - Aflatoxins KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - Fungal Proteins KW - Transcription Factors KW - Index Medicus KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- genetics KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- metabolism KW - Sequence Alignment KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Genes, Regulator KW - Fungal Proteins -- chemistry KW - Genes, Fungal -- genetics KW - Fungal Proteins -- metabolism KW - Aspergillus -- genetics KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- chemistry KW - Aflatoxins -- genetics KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- genetics KW - Aspergillus -- metabolism KW - Fungal Proteins -- genetics KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71850544?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochimica+et+biophysica+acta&rft.atitle=Molecular+and+functional+characterization+of+a+second+copy+of+the+aflatoxin+regulatory+gene%2C+aflR-2%2C+from+Aspergillus+parasiticus.&rft.au=Cary%2C+Jeffrey+W%3BDyer%2C+John+M%3BEhrlich%2C+Kenneth+C%3BWright%2C+Maureen+S%3BLiang%2C+Shun-Hsin%3BLinz%2C+John+E&rft.aulast=Cary&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft.date=2002-07-19&rft.volume=1576&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=316&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochimica+et+biophysica+acta&rft.issn=00063002&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-29 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AF110766; GENBANK N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of a riparian wetland on nitrate and herbicides exported from an agricultural field. AN - 71888519; 12105980 AB - Agrochemicals are a major source of nonpoint pollution. Forested corridors along stream channels (riparian zones) are thought to be potential sites for removal of agricultural contaminants from ground and surface waters. First-order riparian wetlands are reputed to be especially effective at groundwater remediation. The study site is a fairly typical (for eastern Maryland) small, first-order stream in an agricultural watershed. Preferential flow supplies most of the stream water within the riparian headwater wetland. This upstream area also contains the highest average stream N and pesticide loads in the entire first-order riparian system. Zones of active groundwater emergence onto the surface display high concentrations of nitrate throughout the soil profile and in the exfiltrating water, whereas inactive areas (where there is no visible upwelling) show rapid attenuation of nitrate with decreasing depths. Atrazine degradation products appear to penetrate more readily through the most active upwelling zones, and there is a correlation between zones of high nitrate and high atrazine metabolite levels. Deethylatrazine/atrazine ratios (DAR) seem to indicate that stream flow is dominated by ground water and that much of the ground water may have reached the stream via preferential flow. Remediative processes appear to be very complex, heterogeneous, and variable in these systems, so additional research is needed before effective formulation and application of riparian zone initiatives and guidelines can be accomplished. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Angier, Jonathan T AU - McCarty, Gregory W AU - Rice, Clifford P AU - Bialek, Krystyna AD - Environmental Quality Laboratory, Building 007, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA. angierj@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/07/17/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 17 SP - 4424 EP - 4429 VL - 50 IS - 15 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Agrochemicals KW - 0 KW - Herbicides KW - Nitrates KW - Water Pollutants KW - Atrazine KW - QJA9M5H4IM KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Atrazine -- analysis KW - Maryland KW - Agriculture KW - Water Pollutants -- analysis KW - Herbicides -- analysis KW - Agrochemicals -- analysis KW - Nitrates -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71888519?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Influence+of+a+riparian+wetland+on+nitrate+and+herbicides+exported+from+an+agricultural+field.&rft.au=Angier%2C+Jonathan+T%3BMcCarty%2C+Gregory+W%3BRice%2C+Clifford+P%3BBialek%2C+Krystyna&rft.aulast=Angier&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.date=2002-07-17&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=4424&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-20 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Agrochemical and nutrient impacts on estuaries and other aquatic systems. AN - 71888408; 12105974 AB - This paper summarizes the "Agrochemical and Nutrient Impacts on Estuaries" symposium held at the 220th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society. The focus of the symposium was to highlight ongoing research efforts to understand estuarine function and pollutant fate in these important ecosystems. Expanding urbanization and agricultural activity can result in increased particulate and chemical loads, resulting in decreased light penetration and degraded aquatic habitats. Legislative and regulatory protections, such as the Clean Water Act and Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs), are considered here. Measurement of nutrient and pesticide loads and their ecotoxicological impacts are explored, as well as potential mitigation practices. The complexity and high visibility of estuarine ecosystem health will require continued examination to develop more effective agricultural and land management strategies and sound science-based regulations. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Hapeman, Cathleen J AU - Dionigi, Christopher P AU - Zimba, Paul V AU - McConnell, Laura L AD - Environmental Quality Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA. hapemanc@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/07/17/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 17 SP - 4382 EP - 4384 VL - 50 IS - 15 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Agrochemicals KW - 0 KW - Pesticides KW - Water Pollutants KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Water Pollution, Chemical -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Fishes KW - Pesticides -- toxicity KW - Water Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Ecosystem KW - Agrochemicals -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71888408?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Response+of+white-footed+mice+%28Peromyscus+leucopus%29+to+coarse+woody+debris+and+microsite+use+in+southern+Appalachian+treefall+gaps&rft.au=Greenberg%2C+CH&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=CH&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=164&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-20 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ancestral polymorphism and adaptive evolution in the trichothecene mycotoxin gene cluster of phytopathogenic Fusarium. AN - 71893479; 12080147 AB - Filamentous fungi within the Fusarium graminearum species complex (Fg complex) are the primary etiological agents of Fusarium head blight (scab) of wheat and barley. Scab is an economically devastating plant disease that greatly limits grain yield and quality. In addition, scabby grain is often contaminated with trichothecene mycotoxins that act as virulence factors on some hosts, and pose a serious threat to animal health and food safety. Strain-specific differences in trichothecene metabolite profiles (chemotypes) are not well correlated with the Fg complex phylogeny based on genealogical concordance at six single-copy nuclear genes. To examine the basis for this discord between species and toxin evolution, a 19-kb region of the trichothecene gene cluster was sequenced in 39 strains chosen to represent the global genetic diversity of species in the Fg complex and four related species of Fusarium. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that polymorphism within these virulence-associated genes is transspecific and appears to have been maintained by balancing selection acting on chemotype differences that originated in the ancestor of this important group of plant pathogens. Chemotype-specific differences in selective constraint and evidence of adaptive evolution within trichothecene genes are also reported. JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America AU - Ward, Todd J AU - Bielawski, Joseph P AU - Kistler, H Corby AU - Sullivan, Eileen AU - O'Donnell, Kerry AD - Microbial Genomics and Bioprocessing Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. wardtj@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/07/09/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 09 SP - 9278 EP - 9283 VL - 99 IS - 14 SN - 0027-8424, 0027-8424 KW - DNA, Fungal KW - 0 KW - Trichothecenes KW - Index Medicus KW - Phylogeny KW - Polymorphism, Genetic KW - Gene Silencing KW - Recombination, Genetic KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - DNA, Fungal -- genetics KW - Genes, Fungal KW - Multigene Family KW - Trichothecenes -- genetics KW - Fusarium -- genetics KW - Evolution, Molecular UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71893479?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=Ancestral+polymorphism+and+adaptive+evolution+in+the+trichothecene+mycotoxin+gene+cluster+of+phytopathogenic+Fusarium.&rft.au=Ward%2C+Todd+J%3BBielawski%2C+Joseph+P%3BKistler%2C+H+Corby%3BSullivan%2C+Eileen%3BO%27Donnell%2C+Kerry&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=Todd&rft.date=2002-07-09&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=9278&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.issn=00278424&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-08 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AY102605; GENBANK; AY102598; AY102597; AY102579; AY102599; AY102576; AY102575; AY102578; AY102577; AY102572; AY102590; AY102571; AY102592; AY102574; AY102573; AY102591; AY102594; AY102593; AY102596; AY102570; AY102595; AY102589; AY102588; AY102569; AY102587; AY102568; AY102586; AY102567; AY102602; AY102581; AY102601; AY102580; AY102604; AY102603; AY102585; AY102584; AY102600; AY102583; AY102582 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Genetics. 2000 May;155(1):431-49 [10790415] J Theor Biol. 2000 May 7;204(1):83-101 [10772850] Bioinformatics. 2000 Jun;16(6):562-3 [10980155] Fungal Genet Biol. 2001 Mar;32(2):121-33 [11352533] Mol Biol Evol. 2001 Aug;18(8):1425-34 [11470833] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2001 Nov;67(11):5294-302 [11679358] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Dec 4;98(25):14512-7 [11734650] Genetics. 2002 Apr;160(4):1451-60 [11973300] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002 May;68(5):2148-54 [11976083] Mol Biol Evol. 2002 Jun;19(6):908-17 [12032247] J Biochem. 1973 Aug;74(2):285-96 [4586675] Nature. 1988 Sep 8;335(6186):167-70 [3412472] Genetics. 1990 Apr;124(4):967-78 [2323559] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Dec;87(24):9732-5 [2263623] Mol Biol Evol. 1995 Sep;12(5):823-33 [7476128] Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 1995 Jul-Aug;8(4):593-601 [8589414] Comput Appl Biosci. 1997 Oct;13(5):555-6 [9367129] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998 Jan;64(1):221-5 [9435078] J Biol Chem. 1998 Jan 16;273(3):1654-61 [9430709] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Oct 13;95(21):12398-403 [9770498] Proc Biol Sci. 2000 Feb 22;267(1441):379-84 [10722220] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Jul 5;97(14):7905-10 [10869425] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of storage on some volatile aroma compounds in fresh-cut cantaloupe melon. AN - 71852215; 12083880 AB - Changes in volatile aroma constituents of fresh-cut cantaloupe melon with storage were determined by headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The compounds isolated from the fruit immediately after cutting were predominantly aliphatic and aromatic esters. Storage of fruit at 4 degrees C caused a considerable decrease in concentration of esters and synthesis of the terpenoid compounds beta-ionone and geranylacetone over a period of 24 h. This change in the volatile profile with storage is consistent with that of a stress-induced defense response in the cut fruit as an adaptation process to tissue exposure and cell disruption. The same effect occurred in fruit stored at 22 degrees C and in those treated with sodium azide and ascorbic acid prior to storage. Fruit treated with ascorbic acid and sodium azide had higher concentrations of beta-ionone and geranylacetone and retained these compounds better with storage time. The reduction of esters appears to be an important early reaction step in the loss of freshness during storage of fresh-cut cantaloupe. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Lamikanra, Olusola AU - Richard, Olga A AD - Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, Louisiana 70124, USA. sola@srrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/07/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 03 SP - 4043 EP - 4047 VL - 50 IS - 14 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Esters KW - 0 KW - Norisoprenoids KW - Terpenes KW - Sodium Azide KW - 968JJ8C9DV KW - geranylacetone KW - 9B7RY79U9Z KW - beta-ionone KW - A7NRR1HLH6 KW - Ascorbic Acid KW - PQ6CK8PD0R KW - Index Medicus KW - Sodium Azide -- pharmacology KW - Esters -- analysis KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Terpenes -- analysis KW - Food Handling KW - Volatilization KW - Cold Temperature KW - Ascorbic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Cucumis -- chemistry KW - Odorants KW - Fruit -- chemistry KW - Food Preservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71852215?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Effect+of+storage+on+some+volatile+aroma+compounds+in+fresh-cut+cantaloupe+melon.&rft.au=Lamikanra%2C+Olusola%3BRichard%2C+Olga+A&rft.aulast=Lamikanra&rft.aufirst=Olusola&rft.date=2002-07-03&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=4043&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-19 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Volatilization of trifluralin, atrazine, metolachlor, chlorpyrifos, alpha-endosulfan, and beta-endosulfan from freshly tilled soil. AN - 71848831; 12083875 AB - The volatile and soil loss profiles of six agricultural pesticides were measured for 20 days following treatment to freshly tilled soil at the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center. The volatile fluxes were determined using the Theoretical Profile Shape (TPS) method. Polyurethane foam plugs were used to collect the gas-phase levels of the pesticides at the TPS-defined critical height above a treated field. Surface-soil (0-8 cm) samples were collected on each day of air sampling. The order of the volatile flux losses was trifluralin > alpha-endosulfan > chlorpyrifos > metolachlor > atrazine > beta-endosulfan. The magnitude of the losses ranged from 14.1% of nominal applied amounts of trifluralin to 2.5% of beta-endosulfan. The daily loss profiles were typical of those observed by others for volatile flux of pesticides from moist soil. Even though heavy rains occurred from the first to third day after treatment, the majority of the losses took place within 4 days of treatment, that is, 59% of the total applied atrazine and metolachlor and >78% of the other pesticides. Soil losses generally followed pseudo-first-order kinetics; however, leaching due to heavy rainfall caused significant errors in these results. The portion of soil losses that were accounted for by the volatile fluxes was ordered as follows: alpha-endosulfan, 34.5%; trifluralin, 26.5%; chlorpyrifos, 23.3%; beta-endosulfan, 14.5%; metolachlor, 12.4%; and atrazine, 7.5%. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Rice, Clifford P AU - Nochetto, Cristina B AU - Zara, Pedro AD - Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA. ricec@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/07/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 03 SP - 4009 EP - 4017 VL - 50 IS - 14 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Acetamides KW - 0 KW - Agrochemicals KW - Herbicides KW - Insecticides KW - Soil KW - Trifluralin KW - C8BX46QL7K KW - Chlorpyrifos KW - JCS58I644W KW - Endosulfan KW - OKA6A6ZD4K KW - Atrazine KW - QJA9M5H4IM KW - metolachlor KW - X0I01K05X2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Atrazine -- chemistry KW - Trifluralin -- chemistry KW - Chlorpyrifos -- chemistry KW - Endosulfan -- chemistry KW - Acetamides -- chemistry KW - Volatilization KW - Insecticides -- chemistry KW - Herbicides -- chemistry KW - Soil -- analysis KW - Agrochemicals -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71848831?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Volatilization+of+trifluralin%2C+atrazine%2C+metolachlor%2C+chlorpyrifos%2C+alpha-endosulfan%2C+and+beta-endosulfan+from+freshly+tilled+soil.&rft.au=Rice%2C+Clifford+P%3BNochetto%2C+Cristina+B%3BZara%2C+Pedro&rft.aulast=Rice&rft.aufirst=Clifford&rft.date=2002-07-03&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=4009&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-19 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phyllosilicate sol-gel immobilized lipases for the formation of partial acylglycerides AN - 18482777; 5447219 AB - Lipase PS-30 (Pseudomonas cepacia) and Lipase F (Rhizopus oryzae), immobilized within a phyllosilicate sol-gel matrix, catalyzed the esterification of glycerol with short, medium and long-chain fatty acids to produce mono (MAG), di (DAG) and tri (TAG) acylglycerols. The results from the above esterification reactions were compared to reactions using a commercially available immobilized lipase, Lipozyme IM-60. Time course studies showed that free Lipase PS-30 or Lipase F enhanced esterification reactions with the use of silica-supported glycerol. In contrast, immobilized Lipase PS-30-catalyzed reactions occurred at the same conversion rate when using either free or silica-supported glycerol. For immobilized Lipase F and Lipozyme IM-60 reactions, the use of silica-supported glycerol favored the production of DAG and TAG over MAG. All three immobilized lipases could be reused for acylglycerol production. JF - Biotechnology Letters AU - Hsu, An-Fei AU - Jones, K AU - Foglia, T A AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, ahsu@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2002/07/02/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 02 SP - 1161 EP - 1165 VL - 24 IS - 14 SN - 0141-5492, 0141-5492 KW - acylglycerides KW - acylglycerols KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W2 32210:Immobilization KW - W2 32350:Carbohydrates KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18482777?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.atitle=Phyllosilicate+sol-gel+immobilized+lipases+for+the+formation+of+partial+acylglycerides&rft.au=Hsu%2C+An-Fei%3BJones%2C+K%3BFoglia%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Hsu&rft.aufirst=An-Fei&rft.date=2002-07-02&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=1161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.issn=01415492&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for production of novel lipid compounds AN - 899160666; 15667664 AB - The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been modified successfully for production of numerous metabolites and therapeutic proteins through metabolic engineering, but has not been utilized to date for the production of lipid-derived compounds. We developed a lipid metabolic engineering strategy in S. cerevisiae based upon culturing techniques that are typically employed for studies of peroxisomal biogenesis; cells were grown in media containing fatty acids as a sole carbon source, which promotes peroxisomal proliferation and induction of enzymes associated with fatty acid beta -oxidation. Our results indicate that growth of yeast on fatty acids such as oleate results in extensive uptake of these fatty acids from the media and a subsequent increase in total cellular lipid content from 2% to 15% dry cell weight. We also show that co-expression of plant fatty acid desaturases 2 and 3 (FAD2 and FAD3), using a fatty acid-inducible peroxisomal gene promoter, coupled the processes of fatty acid uptake with the induction of a new metabolic pathway leading from oleic acid (18:1) to linolenic acid (18:3). Finally, we show that cultivation of yeast cells in the presence of triacylglycerols and exogenously supplied lipase promotes extensive incorporation of triglyceride fatty acids into yeast cells. Collectively, these results provide a framework for bioconversion of low-cost oils into value-added lipid products. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Dyer, J AU - Chapital, D AU - Kuan, J AU - Mullen, R AU - Pepperman, A AD - USDA-ARS Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA, jdyer@nola.srrc.usda.gov PY - 2002 SP - 224 EP - 230 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 59 IS - 2-3 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Linolenic acid KW - Oils KW - Enzymes KW - metabolic engineering KW - Metabolites KW - Carbon sources KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae KW - Lipid metabolism KW - Triacylglycerol lipase KW - Promoters KW - Triglycerides KW - bioconversion KW - Fatty acids KW - Metabolic pathways KW - Cell proliferation KW - desaturase KW - Oleic acid KW - Media (culture) KW - A 01360:Plant Diseases KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture KW - K 03310:Genetics & Taxonomy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/899160666?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Metabolic+engineering+of+Saccharomyces+cerevisiae+for+production+of+novel+lipid+compounds&rft.au=Dyer%2C+J%3BChapital%2C+D%3BKuan%2C+J%3BMullen%2C+R%3BPepperman%2C+A&rft.aulast=Dyer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=224&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00253-002-0997-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-01-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Linolenic acid; Oils; metabolic engineering; Enzymes; Metabolites; Carbon sources; Lipid metabolism; Promoters; Triacylglycerol lipase; Triglycerides; bioconversion; Metabolic pathways; Fatty acids; desaturase; Cell proliferation; Oleic acid; Media (culture); Saccharomyces cerevisiae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-002-0997-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stunted growth and mortality associated with sodium deficiency. AN - 72112000; 12243544 AB - We investigated reports of stunted growth and high mortality occurring among young poultry in 38 small privately owned flocks in Vermont and New Hampshire. Tests for infectious agents including avian influenza and Newcastle disease viruses were negative, as were toxicologic tests for mycotoxins, heavy metals, pesticides, and monensin in feed samples. Analysis of 6 samples of implicated feed revealed 330-870 ppm of sodium (median level 350 ppm), whereas the recommended minimum level for chick feed is 1200-2000 ppm. A case-control study included 38 affected and 23 unaffected flocks. Statistical analysis showed that affected flocks were 29 times more likely to have consumed a particular brand of poultry feed (odds ratio = 29.2, 95% confidence interval = 3.2-675.8) but did not show any association between clinical signs and hatchery, location of chick purchase, chick purchase date, or years of producer experience. JF - Avian diseases AU - Brady, Robert C AU - Trock, Susan C AU - Jones, Carroll J AU - Ross, P Frank AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Sutton, MA 01590, USA. PY - 2002 SP - 740 EP - 744 VL - 46 IS - 3 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Sodium KW - 9NEZ333N27 KW - Index Medicus KW - Nutritional Requirements KW - Animals KW - Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena KW - Odds Ratio KW - New Hampshire -- epidemiology KW - Food Analysis KW - Vermont -- epidemiology KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Growth Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Growth Disorders -- veterinary KW - Animal Feed -- adverse effects KW - Sodium -- deficiency KW - Poultry Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Nutrition Disorders -- mortality KW - Chickens KW - Nutrition Disorders -- etiology KW - Poultry Diseases -- mortality KW - Animal Feed -- analysis KW - Growth Disorders -- mortality KW - Poultry Diseases -- etiology KW - Growth Disorders -- etiology KW - Nutrition Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Nutrition Disorders -- veterinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72112000?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+diseases&rft.atitle=Stunted+growth+and+mortality+associated+with+sodium+deficiency.&rft.au=Brady%2C+Robert+C%3BTrock%2C+Susan+C%3BJones%2C+Carroll+J%3BRoss%2C+P+Frank&rft.aulast=Brady&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=740&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioactivation of the fungal phytotoxin 2,5-anhydro-D-glucitol by glycolytic enzymes is an essential component of its mechanism of action. AN - 72106772; 12240991 AB - An isolate of Fusarium solani, NRRL 18883, produces the natural phytotoxin 2,5-anhydro-D-glucitol (AhG). This fungal metabolite inhibited the growth of roots (150 of 1.6 mM), but it did not have any in vitro inhibitory activity. The mechanism of action of AhG requires enzymatic phosphorylation by plant glycolytic kinases to yield AhG-1,6-bisphosphate (AhG-1,6-bisP), an inhibitor of Fru-1,6-bisP aldolase. AhG-1,6-bisP had an I50 value of 570 microM on aldolase activity, and it competed with Fru-1,6-bisP for the catalytic site on the enzyme, with a Ki value of 103 microm. The hydroxyl group on the anomeric carbon of Fru-1,6-bisP is required for the formation of an essential covalent bond to zeta amino functionality of lysine 225. The absence of this hydroxyl group on AhG-1,6-bisP prevents the normal catalytic function of aldolase. Nonetheless, modeling of the binding of AhG-1,6-bisP to the catalytic pocket shows that the inhibitor interacts with the amino acid residues of the binding site in a manner similar to that of Fru-1,6-bisP. The ability of F. solani to produce a fructose analog that is bioactivated by enzymes of the host plant in order to inhibit a major metabolic pathway illustrates the intricate biochemical processes involved in plant-pathogen interactions. JF - Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung. C, Journal of biosciences AU - Dayan, Franck E AU - Rimando, Agnes M AU - Tellez, Mario R AU - Scheffler, Brian E AU - Roy, Thibaut AU - Abbas, Hamed K AU - Duke, Stephen O AD - USDA-ARS Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, University, MS 38677, USA. fdayan@ars.usda.gov PY - 2002 SP - 645 EP - 653 VL - 57 IS - 7-8 SN - 0939-5075, 0939-5075 KW - 2,5-anhydroglucitol KW - 0 KW - Mycotoxins KW - Deoxyglucose KW - 9G2MP84A8W KW - Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase KW - EC 4.1.2.13 KW - Index Medicus KW - Spinacia oleracea -- enzymology KW - Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Plant Roots -- drug effects KW - Phosphorylation KW - Biotransformation KW - Kinetics KW - Plant Roots -- growth & development KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Plants -- enzymology KW - Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase -- chemistry KW - Protein Conformation KW - Binding Sites KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Deoxyglucose -- analogs & derivatives KW - Glycolysis KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity KW - Deoxyglucose -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72106772?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+fur+Naturforschung.+C%2C+Journal+of+biosciences&rft.atitle=Bioactivation+of+the+fungal+phytotoxin+2%2C5-anhydro-D-glucitol+by+glycolytic+enzymes+is+an+essential+component+of+its+mechanism+of+action.&rft.au=Dayan%2C+Franck+E%3BRimando%2C+Agnes+M%3BTellez%2C+Mario+R%3BScheffler%2C+Brian+E%3BRoy%2C+Thibaut%3BAbbas%2C+Hamed+K%3BDuke%2C+Stephen+O&rft.aulast=Dayan&rft.aufirst=Franck&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=7-8&rft.spage=645&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Zeitschrift+fur+Naturforschung.+C%2C+Journal+of+biosciences&rft.issn=09395075&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-21 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mineral deficiency and the use of the FETAX bioassay to study environmental teratogens. AN - 72057762; 12210540 AB - The Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay: Xenopus (FETAX) bioassay has been employed extensively to screen compounds for teratogenic activity. Recent laboratory studies have indicated that low potassium concentrations retard Xenopus laevis development. The effects of varying concentrations of minerals on Xenopus laevis embryo length and development were examined to determine the utility of the FETAX bioassay in the study of environmental teratogens. Water samples collected from 18 wetlands in Minnesota and North Dakota correlated with low mineral levels, causing delayed embryonic development in the FETAX bioassay. When the concentration of sodium or potassium was or =2 ppm, extension of the FETAX bioassay to 120 h allowed organogenesis to proceed through stage 46, as required for scoring in accordance with ASTM guidelines for the FETAX bioassay. In those cases in which the concentration of sodium and/or potassium were <2 ppm, the embryos could not develop to stage 46 within 120 h and the FETAX bioassay was not suitable for detecting teratogenic activity. Published in 2002 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. JF - Journal of applied toxicology : JAT AU - Garber, Eric A E AD - USDA-ARS, Biosciences Research Laboratory, 1605 Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, ND 58105, USA. garbere@hotmail.com PY - 2002 SP - 237 EP - 240 VL - 22 IS - 4 SN - 0260-437X, 0260-437X KW - Minerals KW - 0 KW - Teratogens KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Sodium KW - 9NEZ333N27 KW - Potassium KW - RWP5GA015D KW - Index Medicus KW - Embryonic Development KW - Animals KW - Minnesota KW - Drug Interactions KW - Endpoint Determination KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Sodium -- deficiency KW - Sodium -- pharmacology KW - Xenopus laevis KW - North Dakota KW - Fresh Water -- analysis KW - Potassium Deficiency KW - Toxicity Tests KW - Potassium -- pharmacology KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- toxicity KW - Embryo, Nonmammalian -- abnormalities KW - Teratogens -- toxicity KW - Minerals -- pharmacology KW - Embryo, Nonmammalian -- drug effects KW - Minerals -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72057762?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+applied+toxicology+%3A+JAT&rft.atitle=Mineral+deficiency+and+the+use+of+the+FETAX+bioassay+to+study+environmental+teratogens.&rft.au=Garber%2C+Eric+A+E&rft.aulast=Garber&rft.aufirst=Eric+A&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+applied+toxicology+%3A+JAT&rft.issn=0260437X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-13 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simultaneous quantitation of Aspergillus flavus/A. parasiticus and aflatoxins in peanuts. AN - 71990242; 12180687 AB - A method was developed for simultaneous quantitation of Aspergillus flavus/A. parasiticus and aflatoxins in peanuts. Peanut samples were ground with an equal weight of water in a vertical cutter mixer to produce a slurry. Separate subsamples were taken for dilution-plating to determine total colony forming units (CFU)/g of A. flavus/A. parasiticus and for liquid chromatographic analysis to determine aflatoxin concentrations. Dry-grinding peanuts for homogenization of aflatoxins produced high temperatures that killed most of the A. flavus/A. parasiticus propagules. Addition of water to produce a slurry kept the temperature from rising above levels that killed the fungi. A 7 min grind time provided optimal homogenization for both the fungi and aflatoxins, so long as the temperature of the slurry did not exceed 45 degrees C. In the analysis of 60 shelled peanut samples, total aflatoxin concentrations ranged from 0 to 10,000 ng/g and total A. flavus/A. parasiticus ranged from 1.4 x 10(3) to 3.2 x 10(6) CFU/g. Regression analysis showed a significant positive correlation (p < 0.0001) between the quantities of A. flavus/A. parasiticus and aflatoxin (R2 = 0.82). JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Dorner, Joe W AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Peanut Research Laboratory, Dawson, GA 31742, USA. jdorner@nprl.usda.gov PY - 2002 SP - 911 EP - 916 VL - 85 IS - 4 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Index Medicus KW - Colony Count, Microbial -- methods KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Chemistry Techniques, Analytical KW - Temperature KW - Aspergillus flavus -- isolation & purification KW - Aflatoxins -- analysis KW - Arachis -- chemistry KW - Food Microbiology KW - Arachis -- microbiology KW - Aspergillus -- isolation & purification KW - Food Contamination -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71990242?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Simultaneous+quantitation+of+Aspergillus+flavus%2FA.+parasiticus+and+aflatoxins+in+peanuts.&rft.au=Dorner%2C+Joe+W&rft.aulast=Dorner&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=911&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-07 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of dietary supplementation with vitamin D metabolites in an experimental model of turkey osteomyelitis complex. AN - 71989228; 12162356 AB - Supplementation with vitamin D3 was previously shown to protect Escherichia coli challenged birds that underwent two dexamethasone (DEX) treatments at 5 and 12 wk of age in an experimental model of turkey osteomyelitis complex (TOC). The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of dietary supplementation with 10 microg of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D)/ kg feed or 99 microg of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25D)/kg feed on disease resistance in the same model. Birds were fed the supplemented diets continuously and ad libitum. Seven hundred twenty turkey poults were placed into 24 floor pens in a 3 x 2 x 2 design (three vitamin D treatments, two DEX treatments, two E. coli treatments, with two replicate pens per treatment). At 5 wk of age, half of the birds were treated with DEX, and half of the DEX-treated birds and half of the nontreated birds were challenged with E. coli. All mortalities and lame birds were necropsied. At 9 wk, all of the DEX- or E. coli-treated birds were given another series of DEX injections; 2 wk later 10 birds per pen were necropsied. At 12 wk, survivors of the previous challenges were given a third DEX treatment, and all birds were necropsied 2 wk later. After the first series of DEX injections, mortality was increased in the 25D-supplemented birds that were given the DEX treatment and the E. coli challenge. After the second series of DEX injections, the main effect mean BW was significantly lower in birds given 1,25D as compared to controls and 25D-supplemented birds. Mortality was higher in 1,25D-supplemented birds that were challenged with E. coli at 5 wk and treated with DEX at 9 wk as compared to 25D-supplemented birds. The 1,25D-treated birds that were treated with DEX at 5 and 9 wk and challenged with E. coli at 5 wk had higher mortality and air sacculitis scores as compared to controls and 25D-treated birds. The main effect mean mortality was significantly higher in birds given 1,25D as compared to controls and 25D-treated birds. The percentage of birds with TOC lesions was decreased from 27% to 0 by 25D and 1,25D in the groups given two DEX treatments and E. coli challenge. After the third DEX treatment, BW of 1,25D-suppplemented birds was decreased, and mortality and air sacculitis scores were increased. Bone strength was generally increased by supplementation with 1,25D, whereas 25D supplementation increased bone strength only in birds challenged at 5 wk and treated with DEX at Weeks 9 and 12. In this study, supplementation with vitamin D metabolites decreased TOC incidence in E. coli-challenged birds given two DEX treatments. However, toxic effects were observed in most supplemented DEX-treated birds and may be attributed to an additive effect of DEX treatment, E. coli septicemia, and vitamin D supplementation. JF - Poultry science AU - Huff, G R AU - Huff, W E AU - Balog, J M AU - Rath, N C AU - Xie, H AU - Horst, R L AD - Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA. grhuff@uark.edu Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - July 2002 SP - 958 EP - 965 VL - 81 IS - 7 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Glucocorticoids KW - 0 KW - Dexamethasone KW - 7S5I7G3JQL KW - Calcitriol KW - FXC9231JVH KW - Calcifediol KW - P6YZ13C99Q KW - Index Medicus KW - Body Weight KW - Animals KW - Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena KW - Escherichia coli Infections KW - Glucocorticoids -- administration & dosage KW - Dexamethasone -- administration & dosage KW - Dietary Supplements KW - Male KW - Poultry Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Osteomyelitis -- prevention & control KW - Osteomyelitis -- etiology KW - Turkeys KW - Osteomyelitis -- veterinary KW - Poultry Diseases -- etiology KW - Calcitriol -- administration & dosage KW - Calcifediol -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71989228?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Effect+of+dietary+supplementation+with+vitamin+D+metabolites+in+an+experimental+model+of+turkey+osteomyelitis+complex.&rft.au=Huff%2C+G+R%3BHuff%2C+W+E%3BBalog%2C+J+M%3BRath%2C+N+C%3BXie%2C+H%3BHorst%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Huff&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=958&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-24 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A case report of sporadic ovine listerial menigoencephalitis in Iowa with an overview of livestock and human cases. AN - 71970882; 12152811 AB - A case of ovine listeriosis was examined in a flock of sheep. The index case was a male lamb, which was part of a flock of 85 sheep located in central Iowa. Because the sheep were raised on a premise where soybean sprouts were also cultivated for the organic foods market, the potential of a public health concern was addressed. To identify the source of contaminations, clinical and environmental samples were cultured for Listeria monocytogenes. Isolates were serotyped and analyzed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Listeria monocytogenes (serotype 1) was recovered from the brain of a male lamb with clinical signs of listerial encephalitis. Isolates of serotypes 1 and 4 were also cultured from feces of clinically healthy lambs, compost piles, and soybean cleanings. By PFGE, the clinical isolate was distinctly different from the other isolates. Environmental isolates were identified as L. monocytogenes serotypes 1 and 4. However, by PFGE, none matched the profile of the single clinical isolate. Thus, the ultimate source of contamination is unknown. JF - Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc AU - Wesley, Irene V AU - Larson, David J AU - Harmon, Karen M AU - Luchansky, John B AU - Schwartz, Ann Ramos AD - Pre-Harvest Food Safety and Enteric Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA 50010, USA. Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - July 2002 SP - 314 EP - 321 VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 1040-6387, 1040-6387 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Animals KW - Public Health KW - Sheep KW - Humans KW - Feces -- virology KW - Serotyping KW - Brain -- virology KW - Iowa KW - Male KW - Meningitis, Listeria -- veterinary KW - Meningitis, Listeria -- pathology KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- pathogenicity KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- isolation & purification KW - Meningitis, Listeria -- transmission KW - Sheep Diseases -- transmission KW - Sheep Diseases -- microbiology KW - Food Contamination KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71970882?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+veterinary+diagnostic+investigation+%3A+official+publication+of+the+American+Association+of+Veterinary+Laboratory+Diagnosticians%2C+Inc&rft.atitle=A+case+report+of+sporadic+ovine+listerial+menigoencephalitis+in+Iowa+with+an+overview+of+livestock+and+human+cases.&rft.au=Wesley%2C+Irene+V%3BLarson%2C+David+J%3BHarmon%2C+Karen+M%3BLuchansky%2C+John+B%3BSchwartz%2C+Ann+Ramos&rft.aulast=Wesley&rft.aufirst=Irene&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=314&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+veterinary+diagnostic+investigation+%3A+official+publication+of+the+American+Association+of+Veterinary+Laboratory+Diagnosticians%2C+Inc&rft.issn=10406387&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-29 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modification of the food and agriculture organization larval packet test to measure amitraz-susceptibility against ixodidae. AN - 71957720; 12144297 AB - Modifications of exposure time, substrate, and formulation were made to the Food and Agriculture Organization Larval Packet Test (LPT) to determine a combination suitable for measuring the susceptibility of Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) to amitraz. Exposure time influenced the slope of the dose-response when paper was used as a substrate for amitraz. However, time did not influence the dose-response slope when nylon fabric was used as an amitraz substrate. Formulated amitraz produced results with less deviation from the log-probit model than technical amitraz. The combination of formulated amitraz and nylon fabric as a substrate for amitraz produced results that best fit the log-probit model. The modified FAO procedure (formulated amitraz/nylon substrate combination) was used to assay a Brazilian strain of B. microplus and a Panamanian strain of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille). Resistance ratios (95% CI) of 26.3 (25.7-26.9) and 7.3 (5.5-9.9) were calculated for the B. microplus and R. sanguineus strains, respectively. A discriminating dose of 0.03% amitraz was determined for B. microplus. This technique will help to locate amitraz resistant tick populations, provide data for improved control practices, and aid in the discovery of resistance mechanisms through synergist studies and verification of molecular techniques. JF - Journal of medical entomology AU - Miller, Robert J AU - Davey, Ronald B AU - George, John E AD - USDA-ARS Knipling-Bushland US Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, Kerrville, TX 78028, USA. robert.miller@ndvecc.navy.mil Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - July 2002 SP - 645 EP - 651 VL - 39 IS - 4 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Toluidines KW - amitraz KW - 33IAH5017S KW - Index Medicus KW - Biological Assay -- methods KW - Animals KW - Insecticide Resistance KW - Larva KW - United Nations KW - Toluidines -- pharmacology KW - Insecticides -- pharmacology KW - Ixodidae -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71957720?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.atitle=Modification+of+the+food+and+agriculture+organization+larval+packet+test+to+measure+amitraz-susceptibility+against+ixodidae.&rft.au=Miller%2C+Robert+J%3BDavey%2C+Ronald+B%3BGeorge%2C+John+E&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=645&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-27 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Calcium oxalate crystal morphology mutants from Medicago truncatula. AN - 71889896; 12111218 AB - Plants accumulate crystals of calcium oxalate in a variety of shapes and sizes. The mechanism(s) through which a plant defines the morphology of its crystals remains unknown. To gain insight into the mechanisms regulating crystal shapes, we conducted a mutant screen to identify the genetic determinants. This is the first reported mutant screen dedicated to the identification of crystal morphology mutants. A single leaf was harvested from individual Medicago truncatula L. plants that had been chemically mutagenized. Each leaf was visually inspected, using crossed-polarized light microscopy, for alterations in crystal shape and size. Seven different crystal morphology defective ( cmd) mutants were identified. Six cmd mutants were recessive and one dominant. Genetic analysis of the six recessive mutants suggested that each mutant was affected at a different locus. Each cmd mutant represents a new locus different than any previously identified. The plant phenotype of the cmd mutants appeared similar to that of the wild type in overall growth and development. This observation, coupled with the finding that several of the mutants had drastically altered the amount of calcium they partition into the oxalate crystal, questions current hypotheses regarding crystal function. Comparisons between the mutant crystals and those present in other legumes indicated the likelihood that simple point mutations contributed to the evolution of the variations in prismatic crystal shapes commonly observed in these plants today. The availability of cmd mutants provides the opportunity to investigate aspects of crystal shape and size that have been recalcitrant to previous approaches. JF - Planta AU - McConn, Michele M AU - Nakata, Paul A AD - USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-2600, USA. Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - July 2002 SP - 380 EP - 386 VL - 215 IS - 3 SN - 0032-0935, 0032-0935 KW - Calcium Oxalate KW - 2612HC57YE KW - Index Medicus KW - Plant Leaves -- ultrastructure KW - Plant Leaves -- physiology KW - Crosses, Genetic KW - Mutagenesis KW - Microscopy, Electron, Scanning KW - Calcium Oxalate -- chemistry KW - Calcium Oxalate -- metabolism KW - Medicago -- genetics KW - Medicago -- chemistry KW - Medicago -- ultrastructure KW - Calcium Oxalate -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71889896?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Planta&rft.atitle=Calcium+oxalate+crystal+morphology+mutants+from+Medicago+truncatula.&rft.au=McConn%2C+Michele+M%3BNakata%2C+Paul+A&rft.aulast=McConn&rft.aufirst=Michele&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=215&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=380&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Planta&rft.issn=00320935&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-10 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental Security: Metaphor for the Millennium AN - 60676044; 200505455 AB - Examines environmental security & human security & their roles during the 20th century & into the 21st. Issues of environmental security, wars, & uneasy peace are interwoven, & the case of forest ecosystem health & composition illuminates the relationship between environment & human security. Conclusions are drawn concerning the potential of contemporary regional environmental efforts. L. Collins Leigh JF - Seton Hall Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations AU - Klubnikin, Kheryn AU - Causey, Douglas AD - USDA Forest Service Research & Development, Washington, DC Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - July 2002 SP - 104 EP - 133 VL - 3 IS - 2 SN - 1538-6589, 1538-6589 KW - Security KW - War KW - Environmental Degradation KW - Environmental Protection KW - Peace KW - Twentieth Century KW - Forestry KW - article KW - 9063: international relations; international relations UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60676044?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awpsa&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Seton+Hall+Journal+of+Diplomacy+and+International+Relations&rft.atitle=Environmental+Security%3A+Metaphor+for+the+Millennium&rft.au=Klubnikin%2C+Kheryn%3BCausey%2C+Douglas&rft.aulast=Klubnikin&rft.aufirst=Kheryn&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=104&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Seton+Hall+Journal+of+Diplomacy+and+International+Relations&rft.issn=15386589&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Worldwide Political Science Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Twentieth Century; Environmental Degradation; Forestry; Environmental Protection; Security; War; Peace ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering AN - 52038402; 2003-004984 JF - Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering AU - Hanson, Gregory J AU - Simon, Andrew AU - Briaud, J L AU - Ting, F C K AU - Chen, H C AU - Cao, Y AU - Han, S W AU - Kwak, K W Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - July 2002 SP - 627 EP - 628 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, NY VL - 128 IS - 7 SN - 1090-0241, 1090-0241 KW - soils KW - scour KW - methods KW - critical review KW - soil mechanics KW - physical properties KW - erosion KW - jet tests KW - mechanical properties KW - instruments KW - measurement KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52038402?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geotechnical+and+Geoenvironmental+Engineering&rft.atitle=Journal+of+Geotechnical+and+Geoenvironmental+Engineering&rft.au=Hanson%2C+Gregory+J%3BSimon%2C+Andrew%3BBriaud%2C+J+L%3BTing%2C+F+C+K%3BChen%2C+H+C%3BCao%2C+Y%3BHan%2C+S+W%3BKwak%2C+K+W&rft.aulast=Hanson&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=865&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://scitation.aip.org/gto LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 7 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - SuppNotes - For reference to original see Briaud, J. L., et al., Jour. Geotech. Geoenvir. Engin., Vol. 127, p. 105-113, 2001 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JGENDZ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - critical review; erosion; instruments; jet tests; measurement; mechanical properties; methods; physical properties; scour; soil mechanics; soils ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Small Commercial Banks and the Federal Home Loan Bank System AN - 21097922; 11224618 AB - Increased competition within the financial services industry has raised concerns about the ability of small banks to adequately fund local rural development. To address these concerns, the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 broadened small-bank access to Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) financing. Statistical analyses indicate that the following factors were significantly associated with the decisions of small banks headquartered in nonmetropolitan counties to obtain FHLB membership: bank size, affiliation with a bank holding company, exposure to interest rate risk, loan portfolio quality, liquidity pressure, dividend rates on FHLB stock, and binding membership requirements related to residential real estate-related assets. Many, but not all, of these factors were also significantly associated with the membership decisions of small banks headquartered in metropolitan counties. The decisions of both nonmetropolitan and metropolitan banks to use FHLB funding is significantly related to interest rate risk exposure, liquidity pressure, and net interest margins. Neither population trend nor rural county type variables are consistently significant in explaining either which small banks join FHLBs or which member banks borrow from FHLBs. JF - International Regional Science Review AU - Collender, Robert N AU - Frizell, Julie A AD - Rural Business and Development Policy Branch, Food and Rural Economics Division, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 279 EP - 303 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 25 IS - 3 SN - 0160-0176, 0160-0176 KW - Risk Abstracts KW - loans KW - financing KW - funds KW - rural development KW - Reviews KW - portfolios KW - service industries KW - interest rates KW - competition KW - Rural areas KW - R2 23070:Economics, organization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21097922?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Regional+Science+Review&rft.atitle=Small+Commercial+Banks+and+the+Federal+Home+Loan+Bank+System&rft.au=Collender%2C+Robert+N%3BFrizell%2C+Julie+A&rft.aulast=Collender&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Regional+Science+Review&rft.issn=01600176&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F016176025003004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - loans; financing; rural development; funds; Reviews; portfolios; service industries; Rural areas; competition; interest rates DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016176025003004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Herbicide effects of essential oils AN - 20218399; 5974346 AB - Laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the herbicidal effect of plant-derived oils and to identify the active ingredient in an oil with herbicide activity. Twenty-five different oils were applied to detached leaves of dandelion in the laboratory. Essential oils (1%, v/v) from red thyme, summer savory, cinnamon, and clove were the most phytotoxic and caused electrolyte leakage resulting in cell death. Each of these essential oils in aqueous concentrations from 5 to 10% (v/v) plus two adjuvants (nonionic surfactant and paraffinic oil blend at 0.2% [v/v]) were applied to shoots of common lambsquarters, common ragweed, and johnsongrass in the greenhouse; shoot death occurred within 1 h to 1 d after application. Essential oil of cinnamon had high herbicidal activity, and eugenol (2-methoxy-4-[2-propenyl]phenol) was determined to be this oil's major component (84%, v/v). Dandelion leaf disk and whole-plant assays verified that eugenol was the active ingredient in the essential oil of cinnamon. Essential oils are extracted from plants and thus may be useful as 'natural product herbicidesa for organic farming systems. Nomenclature: Cinnamon, Cinnamomum zeylanicum; clove, Syzgium aromaticum; red thyme, Thymus vulgaris; summer savory, Satureja hortensis; common lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L. CHEAL; common ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. AMBEL; dandelion, Taraxacum officinale Weber in Wiggers TAROF; johnsongrass, Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. SORHA. JF - Weed Science AU - Tworkoski, T AD - Appalachian Fruit Research Station, USDA, ARS, 45 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, ttworkos@afrs.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 425 EP - 431 PB - Weed Science Society of America VL - 50 IS - 4 SN - 0043-1745, 0043-1745 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Satureja hortensis KW - Ambrosia artemisiifolia KW - Sustainable development KW - Taraxacum officinale KW - Oil KW - Eugenia KW - greenhouses KW - shoots KW - essential oils KW - Thymus vulgaris KW - Chenopodium album KW - Cinnamomum zeylanicum KW - Mortality KW - Leakage KW - Laboratory testing KW - Sorghum halepense KW - Thymus KW - electrolytes KW - Herbicides KW - Organic farming KW - summer KW - Phytotoxicity KW - weeds KW - Surfactants KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20218399?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Science&rft.atitle=Herbicide+effects+of+essential+oils&rft.au=Tworkoski%2C+T&rft.aulast=Tworkoski&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=425&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Science&rft.issn=00431745&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0043-1745%282002%290502.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0043-1745&volume=50&page=425 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Thymus; Eugenia; Cinnamomum zeylanicum; Taraxacum officinale; Sorghum halepense; Ambrosia artemisiifolia; Chenopodium album; Satureja hortensis; Thymus vulgaris; Oil; essential oils; shoots; summer; Mortality; Herbicides; greenhouses; Organic farming; weeds; electrolytes; Surfactants; Leakage; Laboratory testing; Phytotoxicity; Sustainable development DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0043-1745(2002)050<0425:HEOEO>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Role of Population Projections in Environmental Management AN - 19937074; 5854033 AB - California and other regions in the United States are becoming more populated and ethnically diverse, and thus, ecological impacts on the wildland-urban interface are a significant policy concern. In a socioeconomic assessment focused on the geographic regions surrounding four national forests in southern California, population projections are being formulated to assist in the update of forest plans. In southern California, the projected trend of explosive population growth combined with increased ethnic and racial diversity indicates four challenges for environmental management. First, patterns of recreation use on wildlands are likely to change, and management of these areas will have to address new needs. Second, as land-management agencies face changing constituencies, new methods of soliciting public involvement from ethnic and racial groups will be necessary. Third, growth in the region is likely to encroach upon wildland areas, affecting water, air, open space, and endangered species. Fourth, in order to address all these concerns in a climate of declining budgets, resource management agencies need to strengthen collaborative relationships with other agencies in the region. How environmental managers approach these changes has widespread implications for the ecological sustainability of forests in southern California. JF - Environmental Management AU - Struglia, R AU - Winter, P L AD - Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 4955 Canyon Crest Drive, Riverside, California 92507, USA Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 13 EP - 23 PB - Springer-Verlag, Life Science Journals VL - 30 IS - 1 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Population estimates KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Human Population KW - Resource management KW - Recreation sites KW - Population growth KW - Socioeconomics KW - Forests KW - Government policy KW - Sustainable development KW - Population dynamics KW - Environmental policy KW - environmental policy KW - Land use KW - Human impact KW - Socio-economic aspects KW - Recreation KW - Regional planning KW - USA, California KW - Environment management KW - USA, California, South KW - D 04700:Management KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - M1 130:Population Research and Methodology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19937074?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=The+Role+of+Population+Projections+in+Environmental+Management&rft.au=Struglia%2C+R%3BWinter%2C+P+L&rft.aulast=Struglia&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-001-0068-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Resource management; Recreation sites; Population growth; Sustainable development; Government policy; Forests; Population dynamics; Environmental policy; Land use; Human impact; Socio-economic aspects; Recreation; Environment management; Socioeconomics; Regional planning; environmental policy; USA, California; USA, California, South DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-001-0068-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental challenges associated with needed increases in global nitrogen fixation AN - 19645168; 5541243 AB - Human-induced input of fixed nitrogen (N) into the earth biosphere, primarily through combustion of fossil fuels, crop biological N-fixation and N-fertilizer use, has provided many human benefits. These benefits have not come, however, without significant cost. According to data compiled by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, synthetic N fertilizer input into global agricultural systems increased from by approximately 430% ( similar to 19 to similar to 82 Tg N) from 1965 to 1998. During this period, global grain production, human population and global fossil fuel consumption increased about 250%, 190% and 240%, respectively. Although fuel consumption increased faster than population growth globally, land used to produce grain decreased from 0.2 to 0.12 ha/person over this 30-yr period. Grain production, however, increased 16%/person. Agricultural production increase has come through the use of new crop varieties which respond to increased N-fertilization, pesticide use, irrigation and mechanization. Even though agricultural production has increased dramatically, fertilizer N use efficiency remains relatively low. Globally fertilizer N use efficiency was approximately 50% in 1996. Since fertilizer N is not used efficiently in most parts of the world, N use in excess of crop potential utilization leads to losses to the environment through volatilization and leaching. These N losses result in N fertilization of pristine terrestrial and aquatic systems through NH sub(x) and NO sub(y)deposition and contribute to global greenhouse gases through N sub(2)O production and local elevated ozone concentrations due to NO sub(x) emission. Inefficient use of N and energy is exacerbated by the global inequity of use distribution. Some areas don't have enough while others use too much. Additionally, dietary patterns of food consumption which tend to be more inefficient, i.e. cereal-based diets compared to animal-based diets, are changing in global terms. The resulting increasing inefficiencies in N utilization in food production and in energy use lead to large-scale input of N into down wind and down stream terrestrial and aquatic systems. Increasing N-use-efficiency remains a clear goal by which to maintain food production while decreasing excessive N use and unwanted distribution in the environment. JF - Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems AU - Mosier, A R AD - USDA/ARS, P.O. Box E, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA, amosier@lamar.colostate.edu Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 101 EP - 116 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 63 IS - 2-3 SN - 1385-1314, 1385-1314 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Diets KW - Leaching KW - Fossil fuels KW - Agricultural production KW - Irrigation KW - agriculture KW - Energy consumption KW - Agrochemicals KW - Aquatic environment KW - Crops KW - Combustion KW - Fertilizers KW - fertilization KW - Wind energy KW - Nitrogen fixation KW - population growth KW - Pesticides KW - mechanization KW - United Nations KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19645168?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrient+Cycling+in+Agroecosystems&rft.atitle=Environmental+challenges+associated+with+needed+increases+in+global+nitrogen+fixation&rft.au=Mosier%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Mosier&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrient+Cycling+in+Agroecosystems&rft.issn=13851314&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; Leaching; Fossil fuels; Agricultural production; Irrigation; agriculture; Energy consumption; Agrochemicals; Crops; Aquatic environment; Combustion; Fertilizers; fertilization; Nitrogen fixation; Wind energy; population growth; Pesticides; mechanization; United Nations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - GROWING RICE GRAIN WITH CONTROLLED CADMIUM CONCENTRATIONS AN - 19307616; 8502228 AB - Two solution studies were conducted a) to investigate the uptake of zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) by rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) and interaction between these elements, and b) to determine experimental conditions for growing rice grain with desired Cd concentration for an animal feeding study. In both studies, free metal activities of cadmium and cationic microelements were buffered by an excess of chelating agents. The first study was a factorial design with two Zn levels (1.0 and 3.89 A is a subset of M) and four Cd levels (0.81, 1.44, 2.56 and 4.55 A is a subset of M) in the solution. In the second study, rice was grown in two solutions of different micro- and macro-element compositions and three Cd levels (0.,0.5, and 2.0 A is a subset of M). In the first study, solution Zn concentration of 3.89 A is a subset of M and corresponding free metal activity (pZn2+) of 6.00 was toxic to young rice plants. With time, Zn concentrations in rice plants decreased while Cd concentrations increased. Toxic concentration of Cd in roots (about 100 mg kg-1) associated with a 20% reduction in the root dry matter occurred at the free Cd2+ activities in the solution (pCd2+) in the range of 10.25-9.75. Sufficient Zn level in plants slightly stimulated Cd transfer from roots to shoots as opposed to barely sufficient or slightly deficient Zn concentration in shoots. However, the better Zn status in plants clearly diminished severity of Cd toxicity symptoms in shoots. The use of nutrient solutions adapted for rice growth allowed the rice grown in the second experiment to produce grain under controlled conditions. Cadmium in the brown rice grain was 0.1 to 0.8 mg kg-1, covering the range needed for feeding experiments relevant to rice Cd risk to humans. Composition of the nutrient solutions, in addition to solution Cd level, had a significant effect on Cd concentration in grain. Correlation of grain Cd concentration with solution Cd2+ activity was much stronger than with total solution Cd. Results of both experiments supported hypothesis that Cd uptake and transport within rice plants is an active process. JF - Journal of Plant Nutrition AU - Kukier, Urszula AU - Chaney, Rufus L AD - USDA-ARS, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Beltsville, MD, U.S.A. Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - July 2002 SP - 1793 EP - 1820 PB - Taylor & Francis, 11 New Fetter Lane London EC4P 4EE UK, [mailto:info@tandf.co.uk] VL - 25 IS - 8 SN - 0190-4167, 0190-4167 KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Metals KW - Symptoms KW - Heavy metals KW - Oryza sativa KW - dry matter KW - Pollution effects KW - Roots KW - Toxicity KW - Cations KW - Zinc KW - shoots KW - Uptake KW - Feeding experiments KW - Cadmium KW - plant nutrition KW - Q1 08482:Ecosystems and energetics KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19307616?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Plant+Nutrition&rft.atitle=GROWING+RICE+GRAIN+WITH+CONTROLLED+CADMIUM+CONCENTRATIONS&rft.au=Kukier%2C+Urszula%3BChaney%2C+Rufus+L&rft.aulast=Kukier&rft.aufirst=Urszula&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1793&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Plant+Nutrition&rft.issn=01904167&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FPLN-120006058 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Symptoms; Cations; Heavy metals; Roots; Feeding experiments; Uptake; Pollution effects; Cadmium; Toxicity; Metals; Zinc; shoots; dry matter; plant nutrition; Oryza sativa DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/PLN-120006058 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation of Campylobacter spp. from Semen Samples of Commercial Broiler Breeder Roosters AN - 19288236; 5655822 AB - Pooled semen samples from 12 groups of mature commercial broiler breeder roosters were analyzed for the presence of Campylobacter. Each of the 12 groups was comprised of eight individuals and was sampled weekly for five consecutive weeks. Once a day, roosters were allowed to have a restricted amount of feed after the semen samples were collected by abdominal massage. This feeding schedule reduced the amount of fecal contamination in and around the vent as well as in the semen sample. For replications 1, 2, and 3, the numbers of Campylobacter-positive groups were 8, 5, and 5, respectively, out of 12. For replications 4 and 5, 6 of 8 and 6 of 11 groups were positive, respectively. Only two groups were positive for Campylobacter at all sampling times, two groups were negative each time, and eight groups produced variable results. Also, fecal droppings, external swabs of the genitalia, and semen samples were taken from individual roosters between 49 to 65 wk of age. Of the total 275 semen samples collected, 9.47% contained naturally occurring Campylobacter, whereas 9.6% of 114 fecal droppings and 7.9% of the 114 genital swabs were positive. Levels of the organism present in the fecal samples ranged from 1.0 to 4.2 log colony-forming units (CFU)/g with an average of 2.9 log CFU/g feces. For semen, the levels ranged from as low as enrichment recovery only to as high as 3.1 log CFU/ml of semen with an average of 1.2 log CFU/ml. For swabs of genitalia, the levels of Campylobacter were so low that recovery was achieved only through enrichment. These data suggest that rooster semen may serve as a vehicle for transmission of Campylobacter to the reproductive tract of the hen and subsequently to the fertile egg.Original Abstract: Nota de investigacion -Aislamiento de Campylobacter spp a partir de muestras de semen de machos reproductores de engorde comerciales. capital sigma e analizaron muestras de semen combinadas obtenidas de 12 grupos de machos reproductores de engorde adultos para la presencia de Campylobacter. Cada uno de los 12 grupos tenia 8 aves, de las cuales se tomaron muestras semanales durante un periodo de 5 semanas. Las aves fueron alimentadas una vez por dia con cantidades restringidas de alimento, despues de haberse tomado la muestra de semen mediante masaje abdominal. Este regimen alimenticio disminuyo la contaminacion fecal alrededor de la cloaca y en las muestras de semen obtenidas. En las replicas experimentales 1, 2 y 3, el numero de muestras positivas a la presencia de Campylobacter fue 8, 5 y 5 de 12, respectivamente. En las replicas experimentales 4 y 5, el numero de muestras positivas fue 8 y 6 de 11, respectivamente. Solo dos de los grupos fueron positivos a la presencia de Campylobacter en todas las muestras tomadas en el periodo de 5 semanas, dos de los grupos fueron resultaron en todas las muestras tomadas, mientras que los ocho grupos restantes produjeron negativos variados. Tambien se tomaron muestras de heces, hisopos de genitales externos y semen, a partir de gallos entre las 49 y 65 semanas de edad. De un total de 275 muestras de semen tomadas, 9.47% fueron positivas a la presencia de Campylobacter, mientras que un 9.6% de las 144 muestras de heces y 7.9% de 114 hisopos de genitales externos fueron positivos a la presencia del microorganismo. Los niveles de la bacteria en las muestras de heces variaron de un 1.0 a 4.2 logaritmos de unidades formadoras de colonia (UFC) por gramo de muestra, para un promedio de 2.9 logaritmos de UFC por gramo. En las muestras de semen lo niveles variaron desde recuperacion del microorganismo mediante cultivo de enriquecimiento solamente hasta 3.1 logaritmos de UFC por mililitro de muestra, para un promedio de 1.2 logaritmos de UFC por mililitro. En los hisopos de genitales los niveles de Campylobacter fueron tan bajos que el aislamiento del microorganismo solo fue posible mediante enriquecimiento del cultivo. Estos datos sugieren que el semen de los gallos puede servir como vehiculo para la transmision del Campylobacter al tracto reproductor de las gallinas y, subsecuentemente, a los huevos fertiles. double prime bbreviation: CFU = colony-forming units JF - Avian Diseases AU - Cox, NA AU - Stern, N J AU - Wilson, J L AU - Musgrove, M T AU - Buhr, R J AU - Hiett, K L AD - Poultry Microbiological Safety Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Research Center, Athens, GA 30605 Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 717 EP - 720 PB - American Association of Avian Pathologists VL - 46 IS - 3 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Feeding KW - Age KW - Data processing KW - Contamination KW - Replication KW - Colony-forming cells KW - Campylobacter KW - Semen KW - Genitalia KW - Sampling KW - Feces KW - J 02410:Animal Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19288236?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Isolation+of+Campylobacter+spp.+from+Semen+Samples+of+Commercial+Broiler+Breeder+Roosters&rft.au=Cox%2C+NA%3BStern%2C+N+J%3BWilson%2C+J+L%3BMusgrove%2C+M+T%3BBuhr%2C+R+J%3BHiett%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=NA&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=717&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0005-2086%282002%29046%280717%3AIOCSFS%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Feeding; Age; Data processing; Contamination; Replication; Colony-forming cells; Genitalia; Semen; Sampling; Feces; Campylobacter DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0005-2086(2002)046(0717:IOCSFS)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of a New Source of Campylobacter Contamination in Poultry: Transmission from Breeder Hens to Broiler Chickens AN - 19288176; 5655798 AB - Campylobacter jejuni, a foodborne pathogen closely associated with market poultry, is considered to be the most frequent agent of human gastroenteritis in the United States. The pathways involved in the contamination of poultry flocks, vertical transmission and /or horizontal transmission, are unclear. In this study, Campylobacter isolates from two independent commercial broiler breeder flocks, as well as from their respective progeny, were characterized and compared by Pst I ribotype analysis and by DNA sequence analysis of the short variable region (SVR) of the fla A gene (fla A SVR). Campylobacter isolates originating from one set of breeder hens and the feces from their respective progeny demonstrated identical ribotype patterns as well as identical fla A SVR DNA sequences, thereby suggesting that these isolates were clonal in origin. Ribotype analysis of Campylobacter isolates from the second set of breeder hens and processed carcasses from their offspring resulted in two patterns. Sequence analysis placed these isolates into two closely related groups and one distant group, similar to the ribotype analysis. These results demonstrate that Campylobacter isolates from commercial broiler breeder flocks and from the respective broiler progeny may be of clonal origin and that breeder hens can serve as a source for Campylobacter contamination in poultry flocks.Original Abstract: Identificacion de una nueva fuente de contaminacion por Campylobacter en avicultura: Transmision de las gallinas reproductoras a los pollos de engorde. eta l Campylobacter jejuni es un patogeno contaminante de los alimentos muy relacionado con la avicultura comercial y es considerado como la causa mas frecuente de gastroenteritis en humanos dentro de los Estados Unidos. Los mecanismos involucrados en la contaminacion de parvadas avicolas, sea por transmision vertical u horizontal, no han sido completamente aclarados. En este estudio, aislamientos de Campylobacter de dos parvadas de reproductoras pesadas indenpendientes entre si, asi como de sus progenies, se caracterizaron y comparararon por analisis de ribotipos PstI y por analisis de las secuencias de DNA de una region variable corta del gen flaA (flaA SVR). Los aislamientos de Campylobacter originados de un grupo de gallinas reproductoras y las excretas de su respectiva progenie demostraron patrones de ribotipos y secuencias de flaA SVR identicos, sugiriendo por lo tanto, que estos aislamientos comparten el mismo origen clonal. El analisis de ribotipos de los aislamientos de Campylobacter de un segundo grupo de reproductoras y las canales procesadas de su progenie mostraron dos patrones. Mediante analisis de secuencias estos aislamientos fueron clasificados en dos grupos cercanamente relacionados y otro mas distante pero similar por analisis de ribotipos. Estos resultados demuestran que los aislamientos de Campylobacter de reproductoras comerciales y de su respectiva progenie pueden compartir el mismo origen clonal y que las gallinas reproductoras pueden servir como fuente de contaminacion por Campylobacter en parvadas avicolas. double prime bbreviation: SVR = short variable region JF - Avian Diseases AU - Cox, NA AU - Stern, N J AU - Hiett, K L AU - Berrang, ME AD - Poultry Microbiological Safety Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Russell Research Center, 950 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605 Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 535 EP - 541 PB - American Association of Avian Pathologists VL - 46 IS - 3 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Fecal coliforms KW - Poultry KW - poultry KW - Contamination KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Food KW - Pathogens KW - Disease transmission KW - USA KW - Carcasses KW - Campylobacter jejuni KW - gastroenteritis KW - DNA KW - Progeny KW - Feces KW - Gastroenteritis KW - offspring KW - Variable region KW - J 02410:Animal Diseases KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19288176?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Identification+of+a+New+Source+of+Campylobacter+Contamination+in+Poultry%3A+Transmission+from+Breeder+Hens+to+Broiler+Chickens&rft.au=Cox%2C+NA%3BStern%2C+N+J%3BHiett%2C+K+L%3BBerrang%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=NA&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=535&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0005-2086%282002%29046%280535%3AIOANSO%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Poultry; Carcasses; Contamination; Food; Nucleotide sequence; Progeny; Pathogens; Gastroenteritis; Feces; Disease transmission; Variable region; Fecal coliforms; poultry; gastroenteritis; DNA; offspring; Campylobacter jejuni; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0005-2086(2002)046(0535:IOANSO)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characteristics of Salmonella enteritidis Contamination in Eggs After Oral, Aerosol, and Intravenous Inoculation of Laying Hens AN - 19285593; 5655810 AB - Experimental infection models are useful tools for understanding how Salmonella enteritidis is deposited in eggs and for testing potential strategies to control eggborne transmission of disease to humans. Oral inoculation of laying hens is presumed to provide the closest simulation of naturally occurring infections, but alternatives such as intravenous or aerosol inoculation have sometimes been recommended as options to induce higher incidences of egg contamination. The present study compared the frequency, level, and location of S. enteritidis deposition in egg contents after experimental inoculation by three different routes. In two replicate trials, specific-pathogen-free laying hens were infected with an S. enteritidis culture mixture prepared to optimize invasive behavior. Groups of hens received either an oral dose of 109 S. enteritidis, an aerosol dose of 109 S. enteritidis, or an intravenous dose of 105-107 S. enteritidis. Oral inoculation led to the highest incidence of fecal shedding of S. enteritidis, whereas intravenous inoculation produced the highest specific antibody titers. Eggs laid during the first 21 days postinoculation were cultured to detect and enumerate S. enteritidis in the yolk and albumen. No significant differences were observed among the three inoculation routes in the frequencies of isolation of S. enteritidis from either yolk or albumen. For all three routes of administration, S. enteritidis was recovered more often from yolk (at frequencies ranging from 4% to 7%) than from albumen (0 to 2%). Over 73% of contaminated eggs harbored fewer than 1 colony-forming unit (CFU) of S. enteritidis per milliliter, and only 3% of such eggs contained more than 100 CFUs/ml. Significantly higher levels of S. enteritidis contaminants were associated with intravenous inoculation than with the other routes. No advantage of using aerosol or intravenous administration of S. enteritidis as an alternative to oral inoculation for inducing the production of contaminated eggs was evident in this study.Original Abstract: Caracteristicas de la contaminacion por Salmonela enteriditis en huevos, despues de la inoculacion de gallinas ponedoras por las vias oral, intravenosa y aerosol. Lambda os modelos de infecciones experimentales son herramientas utiles para entender como la Salmonela enteriditis es transmitida a los huevos y para ensayar estrategias potenciales de control de la transmision del patogeno a humanos a traves de los alimentos. Se presume que la inoculacion por via oral en gallinas ponedoras proporciona el sistema mas cercano a la infeccion natural, pero otras vias de inoculacion, tales como la intravenosa o respiratoria mediante la aplicacion de aerosoles, han sido recomendadas como rutas opcionales con el fin de inducir una mayor incidencia de contaminacion en los huevos. En este trabajo se compararon la frecuencia, niveles y localizacion de la infeccion por S. enteriditis en huevos despues de la inoculacion experimental del microorganismo por tres vias diferentes. En dos experimentos repetidos se inocularon gallinas ponedoras libres de patogenos especificos con un cultivo mixto de S. enteriditis, preparado con el fin optimizar la capacidad invasiva del microorganismo. Se inocularon diferentes grupos de gallinas con una dosis oral de 109 celulas bacterianas, o una aplicacion por aerosol de una dosis de 109 celulas bacterianas, o una dosis de 105-107 celulas bacterianas por via intravenosa. La inoculacion oral produjo la mayor incidencia de diseminacion fecal del microorganismo, mientras que la inoculacion intravenosa produjo los niveles mas altos de anticuerpos especificos. Los huevos puestos durante los primeros 21 dias despues de la inoculacion fueron examinados para detectar y enumerar los niveles de S. enteriditis en la yema y albumina de los mismos. No se observaron diferencias significativas entre las frecuencias de aislamiento de la S. enteriditis en la yema y albumina de los huevos obtenidos de las aves en los grupos inoculados por las diferentes vias usadas en este estudio. En todos los grupos experimentales la incidencia de aislamiento del microorganismo fue mayor a partir de las yemas (4% a 7%), que a partir de la albumina (0 a 2%) de los huevos examinados. Mas del 73% de los huevos contaminados presentaron menos de una unidad formadora de colonias (UFC) por mililitro de material, y solo un 3% de los mismos presento mas de 100 UFC por mililitro. Niveles significativamente mas altos de contaminacion por el microorganismo se presentaron en los animales inoculados por la via intravenosa. En este estudio no se encontraron ventajas en el uso de las tecnicas de inoculacion mediante aerosoles o inoculacion intravenosa de la S. enteriditis en comparacion con la inoculacion por via oral, para la produccion de huevos contaminados por la bacteria. double prime bbreviations: BG = brilliant green; CFU = colony-forming unit; ELISA = enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; RV = Rappaport-Vassiliadis; TS = tryptone soya JF - Avian Diseases AU - Gast, R K AU - Guard-Petter, J AU - Holt, P S AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605 Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 629 EP - 635 PB - American Association of Avian Pathologists VL - 46 IS - 3 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Experimental infection KW - Aerosols KW - Intravenous administration KW - Contamination KW - Inoculation route KW - Salmonella enteritidis KW - Eggs KW - Models KW - Yolk KW - Disease transmission KW - Antibodies KW - Albumen KW - Colony-forming cells KW - Inoculation KW - Contaminants KW - J 02410:Animal Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19285593?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Characteristics+of+Salmonella+enteritidis+Contamination+in+Eggs+After+Oral%2C+Aerosol%2C+and+Intravenous+Inoculation+of+Laying+Hens&rft.au=Gast%2C+R+K%3BGuard-Petter%2C+J%3BHolt%2C+P+S&rft.aulast=Gast&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=629&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0005-2086%282002%29046%280629%3ACOSECI%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Intravenous administration; Aerosols; Experimental infection; Contamination; Inoculation route; Eggs; Disease transmission; Yolk; Models; Albumen; Antibodies; Colony-forming cells; Inoculation; Contaminants; Salmonella enteritidis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0005-2086(2002)046(0629:COSECI)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Processes and forms of an unstable alluvial system with resistant, cohesive streambeds AN - 18908673; 5444971 AB - As a response to channelization projects undertaken near the turn of the 20th century and in the late 1960s, upstream reaches and tributaries of the Yalobusha River, Mississippi, USA, have been rejuvenated by upstream-migrating knick-points. Sediment and woody vegetation delivered to the channels by mass failure of streambanks has been transported downstream to form a large sediment/debris plug where the downstream end of the channelized reach joins an unmodified sinuous reach. Classification within a model of channel evolution and analysis of thalweg elevations and channel slopes indicates that downstream reaches have equilibrated but that upstream reaches are actively degrading. The beds of degrading reaches are characterized by firm, cohesive clays of two formations of Palaeocene age. The erodibility of these clay beds was determined with a jet-test device and related to critical shear stresses and erosion rates. Repeated surveys indicated that knickpoint migration rates in these clays varied from 0 times 7 to 12 m a super(-1), and that these rates and migration processes are highly dependent upon the bed substrate. Resistant clay beds of the Porters Creek Clay formation have restricted advancement of knickpoints in certain reaches and have caused a shift in channel adjustment processes towards bank failures and channel widening. Channel bank material accounts for at least 85 per cent of the material derived from the channel boundaries of the Yalobusha River system. Strategies to reduce downstream flooding problems while preventing upstream erosion and land loss are being contemplated by action agencies. One such proposal involves removal of the sediment/debris plug. Bank stability analyses that account for pore-water and confining pressures have been conducted for a range of hydrologic conditions to aid in predicting future channel response. If the sediment/debris plug is removed to improve downstream drainage, care should be taken to provide sufficient time for drainage of groundwater from the channel banks so as not to induce accelerated bank failures. JF - Earth Surface Processes and Landforms AU - Simon, A AU - Thomas, R E AD - c/o A. Simon, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Sedimentation Laboratory, PO Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655, USA, asimon@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - July 2002 SP - 699 EP - 718 VL - 27 IS - 7 SN - 0197-9337, 0197-9337 KW - Bank failures KW - USA, Mississippi, Yalobusha R. KW - knick-points KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Sediment Erosion KW - Flood control KW - Fluvial morphology KW - Mass Wasting KW - Channeling KW - Freshwater KW - Drainage Patterns KW - Streams KW - River engineering KW - Clays KW - Channels KW - Erosion KW - River banks KW - Fluvial sedimentation KW - Ground water KW - Fluvial transport KW - Geology KW - Sediment transport KW - River basin management KW - Erosion control KW - Cohesive sediments KW - River beds KW - Q2 09321:General KW - Q2 09264:Sediments and sedimentation KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - Q2 09171:Dynamics of lakes and rivers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18908673?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.atitle=Processes+and+forms+of+an+unstable+alluvial+system+with+resistant%2C+cohesive+streambeds&rft.au=Simon%2C+A%3BThomas%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=699&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.issn=01979337&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fesp.347 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fluvial morphology; Flood control; River engineering; Clays; Channels; Erosion; River banks; Fluvial sedimentation; Fluvial transport; Ground water; Sediment transport; River basin management; River beds; Cohesive sediments; Erosion control; Sediment Erosion; Mass Wasting; Channeling; Geology; Drainage Patterns; Streams; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.347 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multiscale habitat relationships of stream amphibians in the Klamath-Siskiyou Region of California and Oregon AN - 18837443; 5489817 AB - Regional amphibian distribution patterns can vary greatly depending on species and the spatial scale of inquiry (e.g., landscape to microenvironment). These differences appear to be related both to habitat selection among species as well as availability of suitable habitats across scales. We sampled amphibians in 39 .second- and third-order streams in the conifer-hardwood forests of northwestern California and southwestern Oregon, USA (the Klamath-Siskiyou Region) during 1984 and 1985. We concurrently measured spatial, structural, compositional, and climatic attributes of the forest and stream environment--attributes representing landscape, macroenvironment, and microenvironment scales--to determine key habitat relationships. We captured 7 species, 97% of which were larval and paedomorphic Pacific giant salamanders (Dicamptodon tenebrosus) and larval and adult tailed frogs (Ascaphus truei). Streams in late seral forests supported both the highest diversity of amphibians and the highest densities of A. truei. Overall, A. truei distribution was patchy in occurrence, while D. tenebrosus distribution was widespread throughout the region at all scales. The incidence of A. truei was assessable at the landscape, macroenvironment, and microenvironment scales; however, variation in density was most predictable at the microenvironment scale. Changes in density of D. tenebrosus were detected only at the microenvironment scale. Tree size class and plant species composition variables distinguishing younger from older, more structurally complex forests, and forest microclimates and in-stream attributes best determined the presence and density for both life stages of A. truei. However, only in-stream conditions were good predictors of D. tenebrosus density. A. truei occupied a narrower range of habitat conditions than D. tenebrosus, exhibiting an ecological dependence on lotic and riparian environments found more reliably in late seral forests. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Welsh, HH Jr AU - Lind, A J AD - USDA Forest Service, Redwood Sciences Laboratory, 1700 Bayview Drive, Arcata, CA 95521, USA, hwelshCOfs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 581 EP - 602 PB - Wildlife Society VL - 66 IS - 3 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - Tailed frog KW - USA, Klamath-Siskiyou Region KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Rivers KW - Wildlife management KW - Amphibiotic species KW - Landscape KW - Abundance KW - Population density KW - Forests KW - Biodiversity KW - USA, Oregon, Siskiyou Mts. KW - Dicamptodon tenebrosus KW - Freshwater KW - Habitat selection KW - Streams KW - Distribution records KW - USA, California, Klamath Basin KW - Species diversity KW - Microenvironments KW - Wetlands KW - USA, California KW - USA, Oregon KW - Ascaphus truei KW - Scaling KW - D 04700:Management KW - Q1 08322:Geographical distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18837443?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Multiscale+habitat+relationships+of+stream+amphibians+in+the+Klamath-Siskiyou+Region+of+California+and+Oregon&rft.au=Welsh%2C+HH+Jr%3BLind%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Welsh&rft.aufirst=HH&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=581&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Distribution records; Amphibiotic species; Abundance; Biodiversity; Wetlands; Habitat selection; Wildlife management; Species diversity; Landscape; Population density; Microenvironments; Forests; Scaling; Streams; Dicamptodon tenebrosus; Ascaphus truei; USA, California, Klamath Basin; USA, Oregon, Siskiyou Mts.; USA, California; USA, Oregon; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Probability of detecting marbled murrelets at sea: Effects of single versus paired observers AN - 18836962; 5490217 AB - Density estimates for marbled murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus) are obtained from at-sea surveys, but survey methods vary among regions. We compared the performance of a single observer with that of an observer operating in a paired-observer team in detecting marbled murrelets during marine surveys in the San Juan Islands, Washington, USA. Performance was measured against an independent observer (IO) who selected a sample of birds; we used this sample to determine the proportion detected by the observer(s). To represent probability of success, we used a function that was the product of a half-normal detection function modified to incorporate scale covariates and a logistic function to represent detection probability on the line, g(0). We used Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) to select the set of covariates (murrelet group size and behavior, observer, wave height, cloud cover, and the number of primary observers) that best explained variability in g(0) and scale (effect of distance on detection probability). Single observers detected 80% of 274 targets, and paired observers detected 84% of 343 targets selected by the IO. Detection probability was affected by observer, murrelet behavior, and group size; wave height influenced the effect of distance on detection probability. Estimates of detection probability on the line [g(0) ] ranged from 0.78 to 0.95 with a single observer; average estimates from paired observers were similarly biased (0.84 to 0.93), but less variable. Options for surveying include retaining single- or paired-observer surveys and accepting bias and variability from g(0) < 1, attempting to reduce bias by using 2 or more observers in a different configuration with a different search pattern, or using an independent observer to remove bias. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Mack, DE AU - Raphael, M G AU - Laake, J L AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3625 93rd Avenue SW, Olympia, WA 98512, USA, devans02@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 865 EP - 873 PB - Wildlife Society VL - 66 IS - 3 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - Marbled murrelet KW - observer bias KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Brachyramphus marmoratus KW - Marine KW - Marine birds KW - Population characteristics KW - Abundance KW - Statistical analysis KW - Surveys KW - Mathematical analysis KW - USA, Washington KW - Distribution records KW - INE, USA, Washington, San Juan Archipelago KW - Monitoring KW - Observation methods KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - Q1 08362:Geographical distribution KW - Q1 08182:Methods and instruments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18836962?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Probability+of+detecting+marbled+murrelets+at+sea%3A+Effects+of+single+versus+paired+observers&rft.au=Mack%2C+DE%3BRaphael%2C+M+G%3BLaake%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Mack&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=865&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine birds; Distribution records; Population characteristics; Abundance; Statistical analysis; Surveys; Mathematical analysis; Monitoring; Observation methods; Brachyramphus marmoratus; USA, Washington; INE, USA, Washington, San Juan Archipelago; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cavity-nester habitat development in artificially made Douglas-fir snags AN - 18624374; 5489823 AB - Standing dead trees, or snags, are a source of foraging habitat and nesting cavities for wildlife. We evaluated the efficacy of creating Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) snags (by girdling, silvicide treatment, and topping) and their influence on deterioration rate by describing bark beetle activity, fungal colonization, and use by cavity nesters. To compare the development of artificial with natural fungal infection, we inoculated snags with Fomitopsis pinicola, Fomitopsis cajanderi, Phellinus pini, and Phlebiopsis gigantea. Silvicide-treated and fully topped trees took just over 1 year to die; girdled trees took slightly over 2 years to die. Trees topped at mid-crown that died took almost 3 years. Top breakage began 4 years after treatment. Neither snag-creation methods nor artificial inoculation directly affected bark beetle (Dendroctonus spp., Ips spp.) activity or the presence of externally visible fungal fruiting bodies 4 years after treatment. Native decay fungi, particularly Trichaptum abietinum and Cryptoporus volvatus, extensively colonized snag sapwood. Snag-creation method and artificial inoculation did not appreciably affect woodpecker activity after 4 years. Rather, length of time the snag had been dead had the most influence on bird use. All snags except the living mid-crown topped trees provided foraging habitat and may be a suitable condition for cavity-nest excavation. Pileated woodpeckers (Dryocopus pileatus), hairy woodpeckers (Picoides villosus), and other species excavated and de-barked the created snags during foraging, and possibly during nesting activity. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Brandeis, T J AU - Newton, M AU - Filip, G M AU - Cole, E C AD - International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service, PO. Box 25000, San Juan, PR 00928, USA, tbrandeis@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 625 EP - 633 PB - Wildlife Society VL - 66 IS - 3 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - Douglas spruce KW - Douglas-fir KW - Hairy woodpecker KW - Pileated woodpecker KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18624374?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Cavity-nester+habitat+development+in+artificially+made+Douglas-fir+snags&rft.au=Brandeis%2C+T+J%3BNewton%2C+M%3BFilip%2C+G+M%3BCole%2C+E+C&rft.aulast=Brandeis&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=625&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship of Cell Surface Charge and Hydrophobicity to Strength of Attachment of Bacteria to Cantaloupe Rind AN - 18612564; 5509890 AB - The cantaloupe melon has been associated with outbreaks of Salmonella infections. It is suspected that bacterial surface charge and hydrophobicity may affect bacterial attachment and complicate bacterial detachment from cantaloupe surfaces. The surface charge and hydrophobicity of strains of Salmonella, Escherichia coli (O157:H7 and non-O157:H7), and Listeria monocytogenes were determined by electrostatic and hydrophobic interaction chromatography, respectively. Initial bacterial attachment to cantaloupe surfaces and the ability of bacteria to resist removal by washing with water were compared with surface charge and hydrophobicity. Whole cantaloupes were submerged in inocula containing individual strains or in cocktails containing Salmonella, E. coli, and L. monocytogenes, either as a mixture of strains containing all three genera or as a mixture of strains belonging to a single genus, for 10 min. Inoculated cantaloupes were dried for 1 h in a biosafety cabinet and then stored for up to 7 days at 4 degree C. Inoculated melons were washed with water, and bacteria still attached to the melon surface, as well as those in the wash water, were enumerated. Initial bacterial attachment was highest for individual strains of E. coli and lowest for L. monocytogenes, but Salmonella exhibited the strongest attachment on days 0, 3, and 7. When mixed-genus cocktails were used, the relative degrees of attachment of the three genera ware altered. The attachment of Salmonella strains was the strongest, but the attachment of E. coli was more extensive than that of L. monocytogenes on days 0, 3, and 7. There was a linear correlation between bacterial cell surface hydrophobicity (r super(2) = 0.767), negative charge (r super(2) = 0.738), and positive charge (r super(2) = 0.724) and the strength of bacterial attachment to cantaloupe surfaces. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Ukuku, DO AU - Fett, W F AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 1093 EP - 1099 VL - 65 IS - 7 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18612564?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Relationship+of+Cell+Surface+Charge+and+Hydrophobicity+to+Strength+of+Attachment+of+Bacteria+to+Cantaloupe+Rind&rft.au=Ukuku%2C+DO%3BFett%2C+W+F&rft.aulast=Ukuku&rft.aufirst=DO&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1093&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using a land cover classification based on satellite imagery to improve the precision of forest inventory area estimates AN - 18582400; 5410404 AB - Estimates of forest area were obtained for the states of Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota, and Missouri in the United States using stratified analyses and observations from forest inventory plots measured in federal fiscal year 1999. Strata were created by aggregating the land cover classes of the National Land Cover Data (NLCD), and strata weights were calculated as proportions of strata pixel counts. The analyses focused on improving the precision of unbiased forest area estimates and included evaluation of the correspondence between forest/nonforest aggregations of the NLCD classes and observed attributes of forest inventory plots, evaluation of the utility of the NLCD as a stratification tool, and estimation of the effects on precision of image registration and plot location errors. The results indicate that the combination of NLCD-based stratification of inventory plots and stratified analyses increases the precision of forest area estimates and that the estimates are only slightly adversely affected by image registration and plot location errors. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - McRoberts, R E AU - Wendt, D G AU - Nelson, MD AU - Hansen, M H AD - Forest Inventory and Analysis, North Central Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 1992 Folwell Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA, rmcroberts@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 36 EP - 44 VL - 81 IS - 1 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - Forests KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Land classification KW - Inventories KW - Remote sensing KW - USA, Midwest KW - Cover KW - D 04125:Temperate forests KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18582400?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=Using+a+land+cover+classification+based+on+satellite+imagery+to+improve+the+precision+of+forest+inventory+area+estimates&rft.au=McRoberts%2C+R+E%3BWendt%2C+D+G%3BNelson%2C+MD%3BHansen%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=McRoberts&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=36&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Midwest; Cover; Land classification; Inventories; Remote sensing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New Group 16SrIII Phytoplasma Lineages in Lithuania Exhibit rRNA Interoperon Sequence Heterogeneity AN - 18581109; 5442958 AB - Previously undescribed phytoplasmas were detected in diseased plants of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) exhibiting virescence of flowers, thistle (Cirsium arvense) exhibiting symptoms of white leaf, and a Gaillardia sp. exhibiting symptoms of stunting and phyllody in Lithuania. On the basis of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of 16S rDNA amplified in PCR, the dandelion virescence (DanVir), cirsium whiteleaf (CirWL), and gaillardia phyllody (GaiPh) phytoplasmas were classified in phylogenetic group 16SrIII (X-disease phytoplasma group), new subgroups III-P and III-R and subgroup III-B, respectively. RFLP and nucleotide sequence analyses revealed 16S rRNA interoperon sequence heterogeneity in the two rRNA operons, rrnA and rrnB, of both DanVir and CirWL. Results from phylogenetic analysis based on nucleotide sequences of 16S rDNA were consistent with recognition of the two new subgroups as representatives of distinct new lineages within the group 16SrIII phytoplasma subclade. The branching order of rrnA and rrnB sequences in the phylogenetic tree supported this interpretation and indicated recent common ancestry of the two rRNA operons in each of the phytoplasmas exhibiting interoperon heterogeneity. JF - European Journal of Plant Pathology AU - Jomantiene, R AU - Davis, R AU - Valiunas, D AU - Alminaite, A AD - Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, davisr@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 507 EP - 517 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 108 IS - 6 SN - 0929-1873, 0929-1873 KW - Canada thistle KW - nucleotide sequence KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01028:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18581109?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=New+Group+16SrIII+Phytoplasma+Lineages+in+Lithuania+Exhibit+rRNA+Interoperon+Sequence+Heterogeneity&rft.au=Jomantiene%2C+R%3BDavis%2C+R%3BValiunas%2C+D%3BAlminaite%2C+A&rft.aulast=Jomantiene&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=507&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=European+Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=09291873&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of bovine mammary gland EST and functional annotation of the Bos taurus gene index AN - 18544576; 5508614 AB - Functional genomic studies of the mammary gland require an appropriate collection of cDNA sequences to assess gene expression patterns from the different developmental and operational states of underlying cell types. To better capture the range of gene expression, a normalized cDNA library was constructed from pooled bovine mammary tissues, and 23,202 expressed sequence tags (EST) were produced and deposited into GenBank. Assembly of these EST with sequences in the Bos taurus Gene Index (BtGI) helped to form 5751 of the current 23,883 tentative consensus (TC) sequences. The majority (87%) of these 5751 assemblies contained only one to three mammary-derived EST. In contrast, 18% of the mammary EST assembled with TC sequences corresponding to 12 genes. These results suggest library normalization was only partially effective, because the reduction in EST for genes abundantly transcribed during lactation could be attributed to pooling. For better assessment of novel content in the mammary library and to add to existing annotation of all bovine sequence elements, gene ontology assignments, and comparative sequence analyses against human genome sequence, human and rodent gene indices, and an index of orthologous alignments of genes across eukaryotes (TOGA) were performed, and results were added to existing BtGI annotation. Over 35,000 of the bovine elements significantly matched human genome sequence, and the positions of some alignments (3%) were unique relative to those using human expressed sequences. Because 3445 TC sequences had no significant match with any data set, mammary-derived cDNA clones representing 23 of these elements were analyzed further for expression and novelty. Only one clone met criteria suggesting the corresponding gene was a divergent ortholog or expressed sequence unique to cattle. These results demonstrate that bovine sequence expression data serve as a resource for characterizing mammalian transcriptomes and identifying those genes potentially unique to ruminants. JF - Mammalian Genome AU - Sonstegard, T S AU - Capuco, A V AU - White, J AU - Van Tassell, CP AU - Connor, EE AU - Cho, J AU - Sultana, R AU - Shade, L AU - Wray, JE AU - Wells, K D AU - Quackenbush, J AD - USDA, ARS, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA, tads@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 373 EP - 379 VL - 13 IS - 7 SN - 0938-8990, 0938-8990 KW - Domesticated cattle KW - True cattle KW - expressed sequence tags KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - G 07413:Domestic animals (cattle) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 350:Bioinformatics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18544576?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mammalian+Genome&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+bovine+mammary+gland+EST+and+functional+annotation+of+the+Bos+taurus+gene+index&rft.au=Sonstegard%2C+T+S%3BCapuco%2C+A+V%3BWhite%2C+J%3BVan+Tassell%2C+CP%3BConnor%2C+EE%3BCho%2C+J%3BSultana%2C+R%3BShade%2C+L%3BWray%2C+JE%3BWells%2C+K+D%3BQuackenbush%2C+J&rft.aulast=Sonstegard&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=373&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mammalian+Genome&rft.issn=09388990&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00335-001-2145-4 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00335-001-2145-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using field topographic descriptors to estimate soil water retention AN - 18500523; 5463117 AB - In field-, watershed-, and regional-scale projects, soil water retention is often estimated from soil textural classes shown in soil maps. The textural classes are relatively broad, often only the dominating textural class is shown, cartographers routinely use error-prone field judgments of soil texture, and soil texture is known to vary along slopes and to depend on the land surface shape. We, therefore, hypothesized that including topographic information in water retention estimation would increase accuracy. To test this hypothesis, we extracted data on 216 soil pedons for soils of moderate and large extent from the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) soil characterization database. Textural classes, genetic horizon numbers, slopes, position on the slope classes, and land surface shape classes were the field descriptors that we used to estimate water retention at -33 and -1500 kPa potentials for each horizon in each pedon. Because our input variables were both categorical and continuous, regression trees were used for subdividing the samples into the smallest number of the most homogeneous groups, which we tentatively called topotextural groups (TTG). The jackknife cross-validation was used to prune the regression trees to prevent overparameterization. Ten or fewer TTGs were defined for both the -33 and the -1500 kPa retention. The TTGs were different for the two matric potential levels. Using topographic variables and soil horizon seemed to be the most accurate way to make up for errors made in field determination of texture. For the A horizon, the topotextural grouping resulted in estimates that were more accurate than those using laboratory textures only. Although most of the topographic variables in this work are categorical, those variables seemed to be useful for improving estimates of water retention. JF - Soil Science AU - Rawls, W J AU - Pachepsky, YA AD - Animal Waste Pathogen Laboratory, USDA-REE-ARS-BA-ANRI-AWPL, Bldg. 173, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, ypachepsky@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 423 EP - 435 VL - 167 IS - 7 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18500523?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Using+field+topographic+descriptors+to+estimate+soil+water+retention&rft.au=Rawls%2C+W+J%3BPachepsky%2C+YA&rft.aulast=Rawls&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=167&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=423&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The bacteriocins of ruminal bacteria and their potential as an alternative to antibiotics AN - 18482281; 5444353 AB - Beef cattle have been fed ionophores and other antibiotics for more than 20 years to decrease ruminal fermentation losses (e.g methane and ammonia) and increase feed efficiency, and these improvements have been explained by an inhibition of Gram-positive ruminal bacteria. Ionophores are not used to treat human disease, but there has been an increased perception that antibiotics should not be used as feed additives. Some bacteria produce small peptides (bacteriocins) that inhibit Gram-positive bacteria. In vitro experiments indicated that the bacteriocin, nisin, and the ionophore, monensin, had similar effects on ruminal fermentation. However, preliminary results indicated that mixed ruminal bacteria degraded nisin, and the ruminal bacterium, Streptococcus bovis, became highly nisin-resistant. A variety of ruminal bacteria produce bacteriocins, and bacteriocin production has, in some cases, been correlated with changes in ruminal ecology. Some ruminai bacteriocins are as potent as nisin in vitro, and resistance can be circumvented. Based on these results, ruminal bacteriocins may provide an alternative to antibiotics in cattle rations. JF - Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Russell, J B AU - Mantovani, H C AD - Agricultural Research Service, USDA and Wing Hall Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA, Jbr8@cornell.edu Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 347 EP - 355 VL - 4 IS - 4 SN - 1464-1801, 1464-1801 KW - cattle KW - monensin KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02793:Antibiotics: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18482281?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Molecular+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=The+bacteriocins+of+ruminal+bacteria+and+their+potential+as+an+alternative+to+antibiotics&rft.au=Russell%2C+J+B%3BMantovani%2C+H+C&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=347&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Molecular+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=14641801&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Screening Oryza Species Plants for Rice Sheath Blight Resistance AN - 18481630; 5451682 AB - Rice wild relatives, Oryza species, are one possible source of sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani) resistance genes. However, Oryza spp. cannot be screened in the field as is done for cultivated rice (O. sativa) because the plant canopy does not favor disease development and many plants drop mature seed. Thus, a growth chamber-greenhouse method of screening Oryza spp. and their early generation progeny is needed. Primary-secondary and ratoon tillers of rice cultivars-germplasm which ranged from moderately resistant to very susceptible were evaluated first for sheath blight susceptibility. Plants were inoculated by placing R. solani-colonized toothpicks at the leaf collar, then incubating plants in a growth chamber. After 7 days, plants were visually rated for sheath blight severity, and the lesion length of each leaf was measured. Ranking of cultivar-germplasm susceptibility by visual rating of primary-secondary tillers corresponded to the ranking from field ratings. Visual ratings correlated best with combined lesion length of the second and third leaves. For ratoon tillers, visual ratings correlated best with second-leaf lesion length. Next, this method was used with ratoon tillers to evaluate sheath blight susceptibility of 21 Oryza spp. accessions and F sub(1) progeny from crosses between 17 accessions and cultivated rice. This method proved useful on a limited scale for screening germplasm that could not be evaluated under field conditions. JF - Plant Disease AU - Eizenga, G C AU - Lee, F N AU - Rutger, J N AD - Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, USDA-ARS, Stuttgart, AR 72160, USA, geizenga@spa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 808 EP - 812 VL - 86 IS - 7 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Rice KW - plants KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Freshwater KW - Q3 01587:Diseases of Cultured Organisms KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General KW - Q1 01587:Diseases of Cultured Organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18481630?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Screening+Oryza+Species+Plants+for+Rice+Sheath+Blight+Resistance&rft.au=Eizenga%2C+G+C%3BLee%2C+F+N%3BRutger%2C+J+N&rft.aulast=Eizenga&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=808&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determinants of plant species richness on small Bahamian islands AN - 18474504; 5445158 AB - Aim I investigated the determinants of plant species richness in two archipelagos, comparing the predictive power of different explanatory variables. I evaluated both conventional variables and alternative variables not commonly used in such analyses. I also investigated the effect of island location in relation to neighbouring landmasses on plant species richness and the predictive ability of regression models. Location Archipelagos of small islands in the central Exumas and near the north-east coast of Andros, Bahamas. Methods I surveyed plant species richness and obtained measures of seven predictor variables: total island area, the ratio of perimeter to total area, vegetated area, the ratio of vegetated area to total area, distance to the nearest large island, elevation and protection from surrounding islands. All seven predictor variables were evaluated as determinants of plant species richness in simple and stepwise multiple linear regressions. Analyses were conducted for each archipelago overall, and then separately for three categories of islands in the Exumas. Total area, elevation, and distance were evaluated as predictors of vegetation incidence in simple and stepwise multiple logistic regressions for both archipelagos. Results Some expression of insular area was always the best single predictor of plant species richness in the linear regressions. Total area was a relatively poor predictor compared with other expressions of insular area. Distance, elevation, and protection explained relatively little of the overall variation in plant species number, although all variables were selected as significant in some models. A greater amount of variation in plant species richness was explained by the linear regression models in the Exumas (69.0%) compared with Andros (60.9%). Different variables were entered into the models for the three categories of islands in the Exumas, and adjusted coefficients of multiple determination ranged from 68.9% to 85.7%. In the logistic regressions, the model including total area and distance yielded almost 90% correct classification of vegetation incidence in the Exumas; no significant variables were selected for Andros. A group of exposed, outer islands supported many fewer species than more sheltered islands, on the basis of total island area or elevation. Main conclusions The three variables commonly used in studies of determinants of insular species richness - total island area, distance, and elevation - were relatively poor predictors in most analyses. Alternative expressions of insular area - indicative of disturbance or shape in combination with area - were usually better predictors than total area and may more realistically reflect habitable area. Alternative predictors explained similar amounts of variation in plant species richness compared with commonly used predictors, and combinations of all variables into a single stepwise model resulted in increased predictive power. The predictive power of the models tended to be higher for groups of islands that were more sheltered by neighbouring islands. Exposed islands, although separated by relatively small distances from nearby protected islands, may be impacted by storms much more severely and possess many fewer species. The location of small islands relative to large landmasses, as well as their geological histories, should be taken into account in such analyses. JF - Journal of Biogeography AU - Morrison, L W AD - Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, PO Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA, lmorrison@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 931 EP - 941 VL - 29 IS - 7 SN - 0305-0270, 0305-0270 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04625:Plants - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18474504?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biogeography&rft.atitle=Determinants+of+plant+species+richness+on+small+Bahamian+islands&rft.au=Morrison%2C+L+W&rft.aulast=Morrison&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=7-8&rft.spage=645&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Zeitschrift+fur+Naturforschung.+C%2C+Journal+of+biosciences&rft.issn=09395075&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diversity and Phenology of Predatory Arthropods Overwintering in Cardboard Bands Placed in Pear and Apple Orchards of Central Washington State AN - 18464715; 5439165 AB - Overwintering shelters composed of cardboard bands were placed on pear and apple trees located in central Washington state to monitor overwintering by predatory arthropods and by two pest taxa. A subset of bands was sampled at regular intervals between late summer and mid-December to determine when taxa began to enter bands. The remaining bands were left undisturbed until collection in mid-December to determine the numbers and types of arthropods overwintering on tree trunks in these orchards. More than 8,000 predatory arthropods were collected from bands left undisturbed until mid-December, dominated numerically by Acari (Phytoseiidae) [Galendromus occidentalis (Nesbitt), Typhlodromus spp.], Araneae, and Neuroptera (Hemerobiidae, Chrysopidae). Predatory mite numbers were higher in bands placed in apple orchards than bands placed in pear orchards. The Araneae were particularly diverse, including >3,000 spiders representing nine families. Less abundant were Heteroptera, including a mirid [Deraeocoris brevis (Uhler)] and three species of Anthocoridae [Anthocoris spp., Orius tristicolor (White)]. Coleoptera included Coccinellidae, dominated by Stethorus picipes Casey, and unidentified Staphylinidae and Carabidae. The bands that were collected at regular intervals to monitor phenology provided >15,000 predatory arthropods, dominated numerically by spiders, Dermaptera [Forficula auricularia (F.)], lacewings, and predatory mites. Some well-defined phenological patterns were apparent for some taxa. Brown lacewing adults (Hemerobius ) began appearing in bands in late October, coinciding with leaf fall in orchards. Cocooned larvae of green lacewings (Chrysopa nigricornis Burmeister), conversely, were most abundant in bands in September, which was well before leaf fall. Predatory mites began to appear in bands in late September before onset of leaf fall. Patterns for predatory Heteroptera were less clear, but results showed that D. brevis and O. tristicolor were active in the orchards well into the period of leaf fall. Two pest taxa, spider mites (Tetranychus spp.) and pear psylla [Cacopsylla pyricola (Foerster)], were also monitored. Spider mites entered bands beginning in September and finished movement at the beginning of leaf fall, similar to patterns shown by Phytoseiidae. Pear psylla moved into bands very late in the season (November and December). Our results suggest that postharvest applications of chemicals, as made by some growers, would occur before most predatory taxa have entered overwintering quarters. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Horton AU - Broers, DA AU - Hinojosa, T AU - Lewis, T M AU - Miliczky, E R AU - Lewis, R R Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 469 EP - 480 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 95 IS - 4 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Minute pirate bugs KW - Spiders KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04660:Arachnids KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18464715?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Diversity+and+Phenology+of+Predatory+Arthropods+Overwintering+in+Cardboard+Bands+Placed+in+Pear+and+Apple+Orchards+of+Central+Washington+State&rft.au=Horton%3BBroers%2C+DA%3BHinojosa%2C+T%3BLewis%2C+T+M%3BMiliczky%2C+E+R%3BLewis%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=469&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0013-8746%282002%29095%280469%3ADAPOPA%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0013-8746&volume=95&page=469 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0013-8746(2002)095(0469:DAPOPA)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fitness of Salmonella enterica serovar Thompson in the Cilantro Phyllosphere AN - 18454747; 5430459 AB - The epiphytic fitness of Salmonella enterica was assessed on cilantro plants by using a strain of S. enterica serovar Thompson that was linked to an outbreak resulting from cilantro. Salmonella serovar Thompson had the ability to colonize the surface of cilantro leaves, where it was detected by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) at high densities on the veins and in natural lesions. The population sizes of two common colonizers of plant surfaces, Pantoea agglomerans and Pseudomonas chlororaphis, were 10-fold higher than that of the human pathogen on cilantro incubated at 22 degree C. However, Salmonella serovar Thompson achieved significantly higher population levels and accounted for a higher proportion of the total culturable bacterial flora on cilantro leaves when the plants were incubated at warm temperatures, such as 30 degree C, after inoculation, indicating that the higher growth rates exhibited by Salmonella serovar Thompson at warm temperatures may increase the competitiveness of this organism in the phyllosphere. The tolerance of Salmonella serovar Thompson to dry conditions on plants at 60% relative humidity was at least equal to that of P. agglomerans and P. chlororaphis. Moreover, after exposure to low humidity on cilantro, Salmonella serovar Thompson recovered under high humidity to achieve its maximum population size in the cilantro phyllosphere. Visualization by CLSM of green fluorescent protein-tagged Salmonella serovar Thompson and dsRed- tagged P. agglomerans inoculated onto cilantro revealed that the human pathogen and the bacterial epiphyte formed large heterogeneous aggregates on the leaf surface. Our studies support the hypothesis that preharvest contamination of crops by S. enterica plays a role in outbreaks linked to fresh fruits and vegetables. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Brandl, M T AU - Mandrell, R E AD - USDA/ARS, WRRC, Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710., mbrandl@pw.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 3614 EP - 3621 VL - 68 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18454747?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Fitness+of+Salmonella+enterica+serovar+Thompson+in+the+Cilantro+Phyllosphere&rft.au=Brandl%2C+M+T%3BMandrell%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Brandl&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=3614&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.68.7.3588-3596.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.7.3588-3596.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential Ability of Genotypes of 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol-Producing Pseudomonas fluorescens Strains To Colonize the Roots of Pea Plants AN - 18453587; 5430451 AB - Indigenous populations of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG)-producing fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. that occur naturally in suppressive soils are an enormous resource for improving biological control of plant diseases. Over 300 isolates of 2,4-DAPG-producing fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. were isolated from the rhizosphere of pea plants grown in soils that had undergone pea or wheat monoculture and were suppressive to Fusarium wilt or take-all, respectively. Representatives of seven genotypes, A, D, E, L, O, P, and Q, were isolated from both soils and identified by whole-cell repetitive sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) with the BOXA1R primer, increasing by three (O, P, and Q) the number of genotypes identified previously among a worldwide collection of 2,4- DAPG producers. Fourteen isolates representing eight different genotypes were tested for their ability to colonize the rhizosphere of pea plants. Population densities of strains belonging to genotypes D and P were significantly greater than the densities of other genotypes and remained above log 6.0 CFU (g of root) super(-1) over the entire 15-week experiment. Genetic profiles generated by rep-PCR or restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the 2,4-DAPG biosynthetic gene phlD were predictive of the rhizosphere competence of the introduced 2,4-DAPG-producing strains. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Landa, B B AU - Mavrodi, O V AU - Raaijmakers, J M AU - Gardener, BBM AU - Thomashow, L S AU - Weller, D M AD - USDA-ARS, Department of Plant Pathology, P.O. Box 646430, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6430., wellerd@mail.wsu.edu Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 3226 EP - 3237 VL - 68 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol KW - phlD gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01055:Other soil treatments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18453587?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Differential+Ability+of+Genotypes+of+2%2C4-Diacetylphloroglucinol-Producing+Pseudomonas+fluorescens+Strains+To+Colonize+the+Roots+of+Pea+Plants&rft.au=Landa%2C+B+B%3BMavrodi%2C+O+V%3BRaaijmakers%2C+J+M%3BGardener%2C+BBM%3BThomashow%2C+L+S%3BWeller%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Landa&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=3226&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.68.7.3639-3643.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.7.3639-3643.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of habitat-selection rules using an individual-based model AN - 18445870; 5418877 AB - Despite their promise for simulating natural complexity, individual-based models (IBMs) are rarely used for ecological research or resource management. Few IBMs have been shown to reproduce realistic patterns of behavior by individual organisms. To test our IBM of stream salmonids and draw conclusions about foraging theory, we analyzed the IBM's ability to reproduce six patterns of habitat selection by real trout in simulations contrasting three alternative habitat-selection objectives: maximizing current growth rate, current survival probability, or "expected maturity" (EM). EM is the product of (1) predicted survival of starvation and other mortality risks over a future time horizon, and (2) the fraction of reproductive size attained over the time horizon. Minimizing the ratio of mortality risk to growth rate was not tested as a habitat-selection rule because it produces nonsensical results when any habitat yields negative growth rates. The IBM simulates habitat selection in response to spatial and temporal variation in mortality risks and food availability as fish compete for food. The model fish move each daily time step to maximize their habitat-selection objective with no other restrictions (e.g., territoriality) imposed. Simulations with habitat selected to maximize growth reproduced three of the six habitat-selection patterns; maximizing survival reproduced two patterns; and maximizing EM reproduced all six patterns. Two patterns (shifts in habitat with changes in temperature and food availability) were not reproduced by the objectives that consider only current growth and risk but were explained by the EM objective that considers how future starvation risk depends on current energy reserves and energy intake. In 75-d simulations, population-level survival and biomass accumulation were highest for fish moving to maximize EM. These results support the basic assumptions of state-based dynamic-modeling approaches to habitat selection. Our IBM appears successful because it avoids restrictive assumptions, incorporates competition for food, assumes salmonids make good habitat-selection decisions at a daily time step, and uses a habitat objective (EM) that provides reasonable trade-offs between growth and mortality risks. JF - Ecology AU - Railsback, S F AU - Harvey, B C AD - Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Redwood Sciences Laboratory, 1700 Bayview Drive, Arcata, California 95521, USA Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 1817 EP - 1830 PB - Ecological Society of America VL - 83 IS - 7 SN - 0012-9658, 0012-9658 KW - Salmonids KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Freshwater KW - Q1 01341:General KW - Q1 01423:Behaviour KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - D 04668:Fish UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18445870?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+habitat-selection+rules+using+an+individual-based+model&rft.au=Railsback%2C+S+F%3BHarvey%2C+B+C&rft.aulast=Railsback&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1817&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecology&rft.issn=00129658&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response of white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) to coarse woody debris and microsite use in southern Appalachian treefall gaps AN - 18443931; 5422831 AB - The influence of treefall gaps and coarse woody debris (CWD) on white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) abundance was tested experimentally during 1996-1999 in a southern Appalachian hardwood forest. I compared the relative abundance and body size of P. leucopus among unsalvaged gaps that were created by wind disturbance and retained high CWD levels, salvage logged gaps where fallen and damaged tree boles had been removed, and closed-canopy controls. I also tested the relative use by mice of four microsite types: CWD, pits, woody brush, and open ground. One-hundred and forty-one P. leucopus were captured 310 times during the study. There were no differences in capture success, body size, or sex ratio among treatments before or after salvage logging, but abundance varied among years. Capture success was higher at traps set adjacent to CWD (P0.05) and in pits (P0.10) than at traps set under brush or on open ground. In the southern Appalachians, windthrow-created canopy gaps and associated microsites do not affect habitat use by P. leucopus at a landscape level (as measured by relative abundance among treatments), but CWD influences the microdistribution of P. leucopus where it is present. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Greenberg, CH AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Bent Creek Experimental Forest, 1577 Brevard Road, Asheville, NC 28806, USA Y1 - 2002/07/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 01 SP - 57 EP - 66 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 164 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - White-footed mouse KW - debris KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18443931?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Response+of+white-footed+mice+%28Peromyscus+leucopus%29+to+coarse+woody+debris+and+microsite+use+in+southern+Appalachian+treefall+gaps&rft.au=Greenberg%2C+CH&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=CH&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=164&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - So the Rain Stays in the Plain: Crop Sequence CD Helps Farmers Fight Drought AN - 17411288; 6539430 AB - It snowed a little on March 5 in Minot, North Dakota, close to the Canadian border. Farmers there were glad to see the snow because they know that when it melts it will provide precious water to the Northern Plains area, which is drier than usual this year. While the situation doesn't seem as dire as it does for the eastern United States, it's still one that farmers kept in mind this past winter as they planned their spring planting. JF - Agricultural Research AU - Comis, D AD - ARS, krupinsj@mandam.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 VL - 50 IS - 7 SN - 0002-161X, 0002-161X KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Farms KW - USA, North Dakota KW - Snow KW - Water Shortage KW - Rain KW - Drought KW - Crops KW - SW 0820:Snow, ice and frost UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17411288?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Research&rft.atitle=So+the+Rain+Stays+in+the+Plain%3A+Crop+Sequence+CD+Helps+Farmers+Fight+Drought&rft.au=Comis%2C+D&rft.aulast=Comis&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Research&rft.issn=0002161X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Farms; Snow; Water Shortage; Drought; Rain; Crops; USA, North Dakota ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mushrooms, Trees, and Money: Value Estimates of Commercial Mushrooms and Timber in the Pacific Northwest AN - 17276796; 5854043 AB - Wild edible mushrooms are harvested in the forests of the Pacific Northwest, where both trees and mushrooms grow in the same landscape. Although there has been some discussion about the value of trees and mushrooms individually, little information exists about the joint production of, and value for, these two forest products. Through four case studies, the information needed to determine production and value for three wild mushroom species in different forests of the Pacific Northwest is described, and present values for several different forest management scenarios are presented. The values for timber and for mushrooms are site- and species-specific. On the Olympic Peninsula in Washington, timber is highly valued and chanterelles are a low-value product by weight; timber has a soil expectation value (SEV) 12 to 200 times higher than chanterelles. In south-central Oregon, timber and American matsutake mushrooms have the potential to have about the same SEV. In eastern Oregon, timber is worth 20 to 110 times as much as the morels that grow in the forest. Production economics is concerned with choices about how much and what to produce with what resources. The choices are influenced by changes in technical and economic circumstances. Through our description and analysis of the necessary definitions and assumptions to assess value in joint production of timber and wild mushrooms, we found that values are sensitive to assumptions about changes in forest management, yields for mushrooms and trees, and costs. JF - Environmental Management AU - Alexander, S J AU - Pilz, D AU - Weber, N S AU - Brown, E AU - Rockwell, V A AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 129 EP - 141 PB - Springer-Verlag, Life Science Journals VL - 30 IS - 1 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - matsutake KW - timber KW - Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Costs KW - USA, Washington KW - Forest management KW - Yield KW - Trees KW - Economics KW - Landscape KW - Forests KW - USA, Oregon KW - Basidiocarps KW - D 04700:Management KW - K 03097:Food microbiology & fermentation KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - A 01046:Deterioration & treatment of timber UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17276796?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Mushrooms%2C+Trees%2C+and+Money%3A+Value+Estimates+of+Commercial+Mushrooms+and+Timber+in+the+Pacific+Northwest&rft.au=Alexander%2C+S+J%3BPilz%2C+D%3BWeber%2C+N+S%3BBrown%2C+E%3BRockwell%2C+V+A&rft.aulast=Alexander&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-002-2610-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Costs; Forest management; Yield; Trees; Landscape; Economics; Forests; Basidiocarps; USA, Washington; USA, Oregon DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-002-2610-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Association between cedar decline and hillslope stability in mountainous regions of southeast Alaska AN - 16139248; 5427269 AB - Old-growth forests experiencing widespread decline of yellow-cedar (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis) in southeast Alaska have a 3.8-fold increase in the frequency of landslides. We report here on an investigation of the cause of this increased slope instability. Time since death of cedar was assessed using surveys around landslide sites. Root decay on dead trees was used to estimate the decline in the apparent soil strength provided by roots. Changes in soil hydrology were measured with 120 piezometers located in areas of healthy cedar, healthy spruce/hemlock, and sites with cedar decline. Relative influences on slope stability by changes in soil moisture and root strength were evaluated with a simple stability model. At most sites, soil depth is <0.7 m, and the loss of root strength has an important and possibly dominant influence on slope instability. In soils deeper than 1 m, changes in pore pressure have a proportionately larger influence on slope stability. Landslides appear most likely when cedar decline reaches snag class IV (approximately 50 years after tree death), when most of the cedar root strength is lost and root strength from secondary growth has yet to develop. JF - Geomorphology AU - Johnson, A C AU - Wilcock, P AD - USDA, Forest Service, PNW Research Station, 2770 Sherwood Lane, Suite 2a, 99801 Juneau, AK, USA, ajohnson03@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/07/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 01 SP - 129 EP - 142 VL - 46 IS - 1-2 SN - 0169-555X, 0169-555X KW - USA, Alaska KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Landslides KW - Geomorphology KW - Trees KW - Vegetation KW - Forests KW - Hydrology KW - Slope Stability KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16139248?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geomorphology&rft.atitle=Association+between+cedar+decline+and+hillslope+stability+in+mountainous+regions+of+southeast+Alaska&rft.au=Johnson%2C+A+C%3BWilcock%2C+P&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geomorphology&rft.issn=0169555X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Landslides; Geomorphology; Trees; Hydrology; Forests; Vegetation; Slope Stability ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Financial and ecological indicators of reduced impact logging performance in the eastern Amazon AN - 19923509; 5422772 AB - Reduced impact logging (RIL) systems are currently being promoted in Brazil and other tropical countries in response to domestic and international concern over the ecological and economic sustainability of harvesting natural tropical forests. RIL systems are necessary, but not sufficient, for sustainable forest management because they reduce damage to the forest ecosystem during the initial forest entry. If conditions were identified where RIL costs were clearly less than conventional logging (CL) costs, then a strong incentive for RIL adoption would exist. In this paper, a comparison of costs and revenues was made for typical RIL and CL operations in the eastern Amazon. An economic engineering approach was used to estimate standardized productivity and cost parameters. Detailed data on productivity, harvest volume, wasted wood and damage to the residual stand were collected from operational scale harvest blocks. Productivity and cost data were also collected using surveys of forest products firms. The major conclusion of the study was that RIL was less costly, and more profitable, than CL under the conditions observed at the eastern Amazon study site. Full cost accounting methods were introduced to capture the direct and indirect costs associated with wasted wood. The impact of wasted wood on effective stumpage price provided the largest gain to RIL. Large gains attributable to RIL technology were also observed in skidding and log deck productivity. In addition, investment in RIL yielded an 'environmental dividend' in terms of reduced damage to trees in the residual stand and reduction of the amount of ground area disturbed by heavy machinery. Developing institutions that can monetize the value of the environmental dividend remains a major challenge in the promotion of sustainable forest management in the tropics. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Holmes, T P AU - Blate, G M AU - Zweede, J C AU - Pereira, R Jr AU - Barreto, P AU - Boltz, F AU - Bauch, R AD - Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 12254, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA, tholmes@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/06/28/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 28 SP - 93 EP - 110 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 163 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Amazonia KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Human Population KW - Logging KW - Brazil KW - Brazil, Amazonia KW - Economics KW - Sustainable development KW - Forest practices KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - D 04700:Management KW - M1 320:Environmental & Natural Resource Development KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19923509?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Financial+and+ecological+indicators+of+reduced+impact+logging+performance+in+the+eastern+Amazon&rft.au=Holmes%2C+T+P%3BBlate%2C+G+M%3BZweede%2C+J+C%3BPereira%2C+R+Jr%3BBarreto%2C+P%3BBoltz%2C+F%3BBauch%2C+R&rft.aulast=Holmes&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-06-28&rft.volume=163&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=93&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Logging; Economics; Sustainable development; Forest practices; Ecosystem disturbance; Brazil; Brazil, Amazonia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cotton yield and applied water relationships under drip irrigation AN - 18370856; 5354568 AB - Different irrigation scheduling methods and amounts of water ranging from deficit to excessive amounts were used in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) irrigation studies from 1988 to 1999, at Lubbock, TX. Irrigation scheduling treatments based on canopy temperature (T sub(c)) were emphasized in each year. Surface drip irrigation and recommended production practices for the area were used. The objective was to use the 12-year database to estimate the effect of irrigation and growing season temperature on cotton yield. Yields in the irrigation studies were then compared with those for the northwest Texas production region. An irrigation input of 58 cm or total water application of 74 cm was estimated to produce maximum lint yield. Sources of the total water supply for the maximum yielding treatments for each year averaged 74% from irrigation and 26% from rain. Lint yield response to irrigation up to the point of maximum yield was approximated as 11.4 kg ha super(-1) cm super(-1) of irrigation between the limits of 5 and 54 cm with lint yields ranging from 855 to 1630 kg ha super(-1). The intra-year maximum lint yield treatments were not limited by water input, and their inter-year range of 300 kg ha super(-1) was not correlated with the quantity of irrigation. The maximum lint yields were linearly related to monthly and seasonal heat units (HU) with significant regressions for July ( P=0.15 ), August ( P=0.07 ), and from May to September ( P=0.01 ). The fluctuation of maximum yearly lint yields and the response to HU in the irrigation studies were similar to the average yields in the surrounding production region. The rate of lint yield increase with HU was slightly higher in the irrigation studies than in the surrounding production area and was attributed to minimal water stress. Managing irrigation based on real-time measurements of T sub(c) produced maximum cotton yields without applying excessive irrigation. JF - Agricultural Water Management AU - Wanjura, D F AU - Upchurch AU - Mahan, J R AU - Burke, J J AD - USDA-ARS, Plant Stress and Water Conservation Research Laboratory, 3810 4th Street, 79415 Lubbock, TX USA Y1 - 2002/06/28/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 28 SP - 217 EP - 237 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 55 IS - 3 SN - 0378-3774, 0378-3774 KW - USA, Texas KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18370856?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.atitle=Cotton+yield+and+applied+water+relationships+under+drip+irrigation&rft.au=Wanjura%2C+D+F%3BUpchurch%3BMahan%2C+J+R%3BBurke%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Wanjura&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-06-28&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.issn=03783774&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Caffeine as a repellent for slugs and snails. AN - 71858188; 12087394 JF - Nature AU - Hollingsworth, Robert G AU - Armstrong, John W AU - Campbell, Earl AD - US Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, PO Box 4459, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA. rholling@pbarc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/06/27/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 27 SP - 915 EP - 916 VL - 417 IS - 6892 SN - 0028-0836, 0028-0836 KW - Neurotoxins KW - 0 KW - Pesticides KW - Caffeine KW - 3G6A5W338E KW - Index Medicus KW - Plant Leaves -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Survival Rate KW - Myocardial Contraction -- drug effects KW - Action Potentials -- drug effects KW - Plant Leaves -- parasitology KW - Pesticides -- toxicity KW - Brassica -- parasitology KW - Snails -- drug effects KW - Caffeine -- administration & dosage KW - Caffeine -- toxicity KW - Neurotoxins -- administration & dosage KW - Snails -- physiology KW - Pest Control -- methods KW - Neurotoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71858188?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Caffeine+as+a+repellent+for+slugs+and+snails.&rft.au=Hollingsworth%2C+Robert+G%3BArmstrong%2C+John+W%3BCampbell%2C+Earl&rft.aulast=Hollingsworth&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2002-06-27&rft.volume=417&rft.issue=6892&rft.spage=915&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature&rft.issn=00280836&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-19 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Nature. 2003 Aug 7;424(6949):613 [12904758] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ubiquitination capabilities in response to neocarzinostatin and H(2)O(2) stress in cell lines from patients with ataxia-telangiectasia. AN - 71849286; 12080467 AB - The human genetic disorder ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is due to lack of functional ATM, a protein kinase which is involved in cellular responses to DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) and possibly other oxidative stresses, as well as in regulation of several fundamental cellular functions. Studies regarding responses in A-T cells to the induction of DSBs utilize ionizing radiation or radiomimetic chemicals, such as neocarzinostatin (NCS), which induce DNA DSBs. This critical DNA lesion activates many defense systems, such as the cell cycle checkpoints. The cell cycle is also regulated through a timed and coordinated degradation of regulatory proteins via the ubiquitin pathway. Our recent studies indicate that the ubiquitin pathway is influenced by the cellular redox status and that it is the major cellular pathway for removal of oxidized proteins. Accordingly, we hypothesized that the absence of a functional ATM protein might involve perturbations to the ubiquitin pathway as well. We show here that upon treatment with NCS, there was a transient 50-70% increase in endogenous ubiquitin conjugates in A-T and wt lymphoblastoid cells. Ubiquitin conjugation capabilities per se and levels of substrates for conjugation were also similarly enhanced in wt and A-T cells upon NCS treatment. We also compared the ubiquitination response in A-T and wt cells using H(2)O(2) as the stress, in view of preexisting evidence of the effects of H(2)O(2) on ubiquitination capabilities in other types of cells. As with NCS treatment, there was an approximately 45% increase in endogenous ubiquitin conjugates by 2-4 h after exposure to H(2)O(2). Both cell types showed a rapid 50-150% increase in de novo formed 125I-ubiquitin conjugates. As compared with wt cells, unexposed A-T cells had higher endogenous levels of conjugates and enhanced conjugation capability. However, A-T cells mounted a more muted ubiquitination response to the stress. The enhanced ubiquitin conjugation in unstressed A-T cells and attenuated ability of these cells to respond to stress are consistent with the A-T cells being under oxidative stress and with their having an 'aged' phenotype. The indication that ubiquitin conjugate levels and ubiquitin conjugation capabilities are enhanced upon oxidative stress without significant changes in GSSG/GSH ratios indicates that assays of ubiquitination provide a sensitive measure of cellular stress. The data also add support to the impression that potentiated ubiquitination response to mild oxidative stress is a generalizable phenomenon. JF - Oncogene AU - Taylor, Allen AU - Shang, Fu AU - Nowell, Thomas AU - Galanty, Yaron AU - Shiloh, Yosef AD - JM USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, 711 Washington Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA. ataylor@hnrc.tufts.edu Y1 - 2002/06/27/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 27 SP - 4363 EP - 4373 VL - 21 IS - 28 SN - 0950-9232, 0950-9232 KW - Antibiotics, Antineoplastic KW - 0 KW - Cell Cycle Proteins KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - Oxidants KW - Tumor Suppressor Proteins KW - Ubiquitins KW - Zinostatin KW - 9014-02-2 KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases KW - EC 2.3.2.27 KW - ATM protein, human KW - EC 2.7.11.1 KW - Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins KW - Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases KW - Ligases KW - EC 6.- KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - Index Medicus KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases -- metabolism KW - Oxidants -- pharmacology KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Humans KW - Glutathione -- metabolism KW - Oxidative Stress -- drug effects KW - DNA Damage -- drug effects KW - Ubiquitins -- metabolism KW - Antibiotics, Antineoplastic -- pharmacology KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- pharmacology KW - Ataxia Telangiectasia -- metabolism KW - Ligases -- metabolism KW - Lymphocytes -- metabolism KW - Ataxia Telangiectasia -- pathology KW - Zinostatin -- pharmacology KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71849286?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Influence+of+a+riparian+wetland+on+nitrate+and+herbicides+exported+from+an+agricultural+field.&rft.au=Angier%2C+Jonathan+T%3BMcCarty%2C+Gregory+W%3BRice%2C+Clifford+P%3BBialek%2C+Krystyna&rft.aulast=Angier&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.date=2002-07-17&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=4424&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-18 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development and validation of a tertiary simulation model for predicting the potential growth of Salmonella typhimurium on cooked chicken. AN - 71789687; 12051474 AB - The growth of Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC 14028) on the surface of autoclaved ground chicken breast and thigh burgers incubated at constant temperatures from 8 to 48 degrees C in 2 degrees C increments was investigated and modeled. Growth curves at each temperature were fit to a two-phase linear primary model to determine lag time (lambda) and specific growth rate (mu). Growth of S. typhimurium on breast and thigh meat was not different. Consequently, secondary models that predicted lag time and specific growth rate as a function of temperature were developed with the combined data for breast and thigh meat. Five secondary models for lag time and three secondary models for specific growth rate were compared. A new version of the hyperbola model and a cardinal temperature model were selected as the best secondary models for lag time and specific growth rate, respectively. The secondary models were combined in a computer spreadsheet to create a tertiary simulation model that predicted the potential growth (log10) increase) of S. typhimurium on cooked chicken as a function of time and temperature. Probability distributions and simulation were used in the tertiary model to model the secondary model parameters and the times and temperatures of abuse. The outputs of the tertiary model were validated (prediction bias of -4% for lambda and 1% for mu and prediction accuracy of 10% for lambda and 8% for mu) and integrated with a previously developed risk assessment model for Salmonella. JF - International journal of food microbiology AU - Oscar, Thomas P AD - Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA. toscar@mail.umes.edu Y1 - 2002/06/25/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 25 SP - 177 EP - 190 VL - 76 IS - 3 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Food Microbiology KW - Computer Simulation KW - Meat Products KW - Temperature KW - Food Handling KW - Time Factors KW - Models, Biological KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71789687?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+food+microbiology&rft.atitle=Development+and+validation+of+a+tertiary+simulation+model+for+predicting+the+potential+growth+of+Salmonella+typhimurium+on+cooked+chicken.&rft.au=Oscar%2C+Thomas+P&rft.aulast=Oscar&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2002-06-25&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+food+microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-05 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of anthraquinone in technical material, formulations, and lettuce by high performance liquid chromatography. AN - 71807321; 12059136 AB - Foraging on lettuce seeds and seedlings by horned larks (Eremophila alpestris) causes millions of dollars in losses to the California lettuce crop annually. Anthraquinone (AQ; 9,10-anthracenedione) has been shown to deter pest birds from consuming the seeds and seedlings of several plant species and was evaluated as a repellent to horned larks when applied to lettuce seedlings. A set of analytical methods using simple liquid extraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis were developed for the quantitation of AQ as technical material, as an active ingredient in a commercial formulation, and as a residue in lettuce plants. The methods were easy, reliable, and repeatable. AQ recoveries from control formulation fortified to concentrations of either 24 or 600 mg g(-)(1) were 99 (+/-1.2%) and 98% (+/-1.2%), respectively, with a control formulation method limit of detection (MLOD) of 0.50 mg g(-)(1). Control lettuce tissues from three growth stages were AQ-fortified to concentrations of 0.50 and 500 microg g(-)(1). The resulting AQ recoveries for the two fortification levels were 99 (+/-8.5) and 89% (+/-1.5%) for 11 day old seedlings, 95 (+/-2.6%) and 86% (2.1%) for 16 day old plants, and 92 (+/-1.4%) and 93% (+/-1.1%) for adult head lettuce cover leaves, respectively. The MLODs for the same three lettuce tissues were 0.055, 0.058, and 0.077 microg g(-)(1), respectively. These methods were used to quantify AQ residues from field-grown, treated lettuce and associated fortified quality control samples. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Mauldin, Richard E AU - Primus, Thomas M AU - Volz, Stephanie A AU - Kimball, Bruce A AU - Johnston, John J AU - Cummings, John L AU - York, Darryl L AD - Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, National Wildlife Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, 4101 Laporte Avenue, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521-2154, USA. richard.e.mauldin@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/06/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 19 SP - 3632 EP - 3636 VL - 50 IS - 13 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Anthraquinones KW - 0 KW - Pesticide Residues KW - Plant Extracts KW - Solutions KW - 9,10-anthraquinone KW - 030MS0JBDO KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Linear Models KW - Quality Control KW - Plant Extracts -- analysis KW - Anthraquinones -- analysis KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- methods KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis KW - Lettuce -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71807321?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=Mechanism+of+N-terminal+autoinhibition+in+the+Arabidopsis+Ca%282%2B%29%2FH%28%2B%29+antiporter+CAX1.&rft.au=Pittman%2C+Jon+K%3BShigaki%2C+Toshiro%3BCheng%2C+Ning-Hui%3BHirschi%2C+Kendal+D&rft.aulast=Pittman&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft.date=2002-07-19&rft.volume=277&rft.issue=29&rft.spage=26452&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-24 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dissipation of the defoliant tribufos in cotton-producing soils. AN - 71806668; 12059162 AB - Soil dissipation of the cotton defoliant tribufos was measured in laboratory incubations and on 0.2-ha research plots. Computed 50% dissipation time (DT(50)) using nonlinear and linear kinetic models ranged from 1 to 19 days. Data indicated that exchangeable soil aluminum inhibited tribufos-degrading soil organisms. Nevertheless, measured DT(50) values were 40 to 700 times less than the aerobic soil half-life (t(1/2)) values used in recent tribufos risk assessments. DT(50) values suggest that risk estimates were overstated. However, edge-of-field runoff concentrations measured on research plots exceeded invertebrate LOECs, thus some aquatic risk is indicated. Field data also suggested that volatilization may be a significant soil dissipation pathway. From this result, we conclude that volatilization should be included in simulation models used for pesticide registration. This will likely improve the accuracy of model outputs for products such as tribufos. Potential volatilization losses indicate a need to evaluate the atmospheric behavior of tribufos. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Potter, Thomas L AU - Reddy, Krishna N AU - Millhollen, Eddie P AU - Bednarz, Craig W AU - Bosch, David D AU - Truman, Clint C AU - Strickland, Timothy AD - Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Tifton, Georgia, USA. tpotter@tifton.cpes.peachnet.edu Y1 - 2002/06/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 19 SP - 3795 EP - 3802 VL - 50 IS - 13 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Agrochemicals KW - 0 KW - Defoliants, Chemical KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Organothiophosphates KW - Soil KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - butyl phosphorotrithioate KW - 78-48-8 KW - Aluminum KW - CPD4NFA903 KW - Index Medicus KW - Water -- analysis KW - Agrochemicals -- analysis KW - Kinetics KW - Aluminum -- pharmacology KW - Volatilization KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis KW - Agrochemicals -- chemistry KW - Agrochemicals -- metabolism KW - Defoliants, Chemical -- analysis KW - Gossypium -- growth & development KW - Defoliants, Chemical -- chemistry KW - Soil -- analysis KW - Organothiophosphates -- chemistry KW - Organothiophosphates -- metabolism KW - Organothiophosphates -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71806668?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Dissipation+of+the+defoliant+tribufos+in+cotton-producing+soils.&rft.au=Potter%2C+Thomas+L%3BReddy%2C+Krishna+N%3BMillhollen%2C+Eddie+P%3BBednarz%2C+Craig+W%3BBosch%2C+David+D%3BTruman%2C+Clint+C%3BStrickland%2C+Timothy&rft.aulast=Potter&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2002-06-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-24 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Operational snowmelt runoff forecasting in the Spanish Pyrenees using the snowmelt runoff model AN - 18583441; 5412128 AB - The snowmelt runoff model (SRM) is used to simulate and forecast the daily discharge of several basins of the Spanish Pyrenees. We describe a method for snow mapping using NOAA-AVHRR data and a procedure to estimate retrospectively the accumulated snow water equivalent volume with the SRM. A linear combination of NOAA channels 1 and 2 is used to obtain a snow cover image in which the product is the percentage of the snow-covered area in each pixel. Real-time snowmelt forecasts are generated with the SRM using area snow cover as an input variable. Even in basins with a total absence of historical discharge and meteorological data, the SRM provides an estimation of the daily snowmelt discharge. By integrating the forecasted streamflow over the recession streamflow, snowmelt volume is obtained as a function of time. This function converges asymptotically to the net stored volume of water equivalent of the snowpack. Plotting this integral as a function of time, it is possible to estimate for each basin both the melted snow water equivalent (SWE) and the SWE remaining in storage at any point in the snowmelt season Spanish hydropower companies are using results from the SRM to improve water resource management. JF - Hydrological Processes AU - Gomez-Landesa, E AU - Rango, A AD - USDA-ARS Hydrology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA, elandesa@nmsu.edu Y1 - 2002/06/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 15 SP - 1583 EP - 1591 VL - 16 IS - 8 SN - 0885-6087, 0885-6087 KW - Spain, Pyrenees Mts. KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Freshwater KW - Q2 02171:Dynamics of lakes and rivers KW - SW 0820:Snow, ice and frost UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18583441?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Health+of+forests+and+grasslands+could+be+slipping+away+under+your+feet%21&rft.au=Keely%2C+J&rft.aulast=Keely&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-07-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1022 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Plant species dominance at a grassland-shrubland ecotone: an individual-based gap dynamics model of herbaceous and woody species AN - 18444824; 5418397 AB - Transition zones or ecotones between biomes are predicted to be particularly sensitive areas to directional changes in climate. However, for many ecotones, there is little understanding of the key processes that allow dominant species from adjacent biomes to coexist at transition zones and how differences in these processes affect species responses to changes in environmental conditions. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between plant life history traits and patterns in dominance and composition at a grassland-shrubland transition zone in order to predict shifts in dominance with directional changes in climate. It was hypothesized that differences in life history traits allow species from adjacent biomes to coexist at this transition zone, and that these dominance patterns are dynamic through time as a result of species-specific responses to changes in climate. A mixed lifeform individual plant-based gap dynamics model (ECOTONE) was developed to examine consequences of differences in recruitment, resource acquisition, and mortality to patterns in species dominance and composition under a variety of soils and climatic conditions. This model is unique because it represents interactions among multiple potential dominant species that include congeneric species of one lifeform as well as herbaceous and woody lifeforms across multiple spatial scales. Similar to other gap models, ECOTONE simulates the recruitment, growth, and mortality of individual plants on a small plot through time at an annual timestep. ECOTONE differs from other gap models in the degree of detail involved in determining successful recruitment by each species and in the simulation of belowground resources. Individual plant root distributions and resource availability by depth are dynamic. Soil water content is simulated on a daily timestep and nitrogen is simulated monthly. Multiple spatial scales can be simulated using a grid of plots connected by seed dispersal. ECOTONE was parameterized for two soil types at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge (SEV), a site located within the transition zone between two major biomes in North America. Shortgrass steppe communities are dominated by the perennial grass Bouteloua gracilis (blue grama) and Chihuahuan desert communities are dominated by the perennial grass Bouteloua eriopoda (black grama) or the shrub Larrea tridentata (creosotebush). Experiments were conducted to provide key parameters related to recruitment and growth that were supplemented with information from the literature for remaining parameters. Model output was verified using field estimates of cover and biomass for the three dominant species as well as other groups of species. Simulation analyses were conducted under current climate and for a directional change in climate. Nitrogen was assumed constant for all runs to allow a focus on water availability constraints as affected by climate. Under current climatic conditions, simulated biomass on sandy loam soils was dominated by B. eriopoda with smaller biomass of B. gracilis and other species groups. By contrast, simulated biomass on a loamy sand soil was codominated by B. eriopoda and L. tridentata with very small biomass attributed to other species groups. Under a GFDL climate change scenario of increased year-round temperatures and increased summer precipitation, vegetation patterns shifted to a clear dominance of biomass by B. eriopoda on both soil types. These results show that temporal partitioning of soil water is important to codominance by the two Bouteloua species, and that spatial and temporal partitioning of soil water is important for grass-shrub interactions. The results also suggest that global climate change may provide a mechanism for the recovery of B. eriopoda following shrub invasion in the Southwestern U.S. Thus, an individual-based modeling approach is capable of representing complex interactions among herbaceous and woody species as well as between congeneric species with different life history traits at a biome transition zone. This modeling approach is useful in improving our understanding of key processes driving these vegetation dynamics as well in predicting shifts in dominance as environmental conditions change in the future. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Peters, DPC AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Jornada Experimental Range, Box 30003, NMSU, Las Cruces, NM 88003-0003, USA, debpeter@nmsu.edu Y1 - 2002/06/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 15 SP - 5 EP - 32 VL - 152 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18444824?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=Plant+species+dominance+at+a+grassland-shrubland+ecotone%3A+an+individual-based+gap+dynamics+model+of+herbaceous+and+woody+species&rft.au=Peters%2C+DPC&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=DPC&rft.date=2002-06-15&rft.volume=152&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Liquid chromatographic method development for determination of fungicide epoxiconazole enantiomers by achiral and chiral column switching technique in water and soil. AN - 71943262; 12141539 AB - High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in both chiral isocratic and achiral-chiral column switching mode was employed for optimization of separation conditions, separation and determination of fungicide epoxiconazole in real samples. Two enantiomers of commercially available triazole fungicide epoxiconazole (BAS 480 F), first registered in 1993, were resolved for the first time on a microcrystalline cellulose triacetate (MCTA). A low-cost home-packed chiral column (150x3 mm, 15-25 microm, MCTA, Merck) enabled baseline enantiomeric resolution of two enantiomers of the fungicide epoxiconazole produced commercially. The effects of concentration of organic modifiers (methanol, ethanol) in mobile phase, flow-rate and temperature were studied. The isocratic chiral HPLC method allows determination of the enantiomers in tap and surface water within the range 1-1000 mg/l by direct injection (20 microl) of the sample. Using the achiral (C18)-chiral (MCTA) column-switching technique and 1-ml sample volume, injection of 0.050 mg/l of epoxiconazole enantiomers can be conveniently determined by UV detection at 230 nm. The same method applied to methanolic soil extracts allows determination of 0.2 mg/kg of epoxiconazole enantiomers in addition to the other 10 commonly used pesticides in fortified soils. JF - Journal of chromatography. A AU - Hutta, M AU - Rybár, I AU - Chalányová, M AD - Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic. hutta@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2002/06/14/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 14 SP - 143 EP - 152 VL - 959 IS - 1-2 SN - 0021-9673, 0021-9673 KW - Epoxy Compounds KW - 0 KW - Fungicides, Industrial KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Triazoles KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - epoxiconazole KW - 133855-98-8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Stereoisomerism KW - Reference Standards KW - Calibration KW - Epoxy Compounds -- analysis KW - Triazoles -- analysis KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- analysis KW - Fungicides, Industrial -- analysis KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- methods KW - Soil Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71943262?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+A&rft.atitle=Liquid+chromatographic+method+development+for+determination+of+fungicide+epoxiconazole+enantiomers+by+achiral+and+chiral+column+switching+technique+in+water+and+soil.&rft.au=Hutta%2C+M%3BRyb%C3%A1r%2C+I%3BChal%C3%A1nyov%C3%A1%2C+M&rft.aulast=Hutta&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-06-14&rft.volume=959&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+A&rft.issn=00219673&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-08 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Promoter elements in the aflatoxin pathway polyketide synthase gene. AN - 71715258; 12031498 AB - PksA catalyzes the formation of the polyketide backbone necessary for aflatoxin biosynthesis. Based on reporter assays and sequence comparisons of the nor1-pksA intergenic region in different aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus species, cis-acting elements for the aflatoxin pathway-specific regulatory protein, AflR, and the global-acting regulatory proteins BrlA and PacC are involved in pksA promoter activity. JF - Biochimica et biophysica acta AU - Ehrlich, Kenneth C AU - Montalbano, Beverly G AU - Cary, Jeffrey W AU - Cotty, Peter J AD - Southern Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 19687, 1100 R.E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70179, USA. erlich@nola.srrc.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/06/07/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 07 SP - 171 EP - 175 VL - 1576 IS - 1-2 SN - 0006-3002, 0006-3002 KW - AFLR protein, Aspergillus KW - 0 KW - Aflatoxins KW - BRLA protein, Emericella nidulans KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - Fungal Proteins KW - Multienzyme Complexes KW - Nuclear Proteins KW - PacC protein, Aspergillus KW - Transcription Factors KW - Index Medicus KW - Fungal Proteins -- metabolism KW - Base Sequence KW - Nuclear Proteins -- genetics KW - Transcription Factors -- metabolism KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- genetics KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- metabolism KW - Binding Sites KW - Aflatoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Multienzyme Complexes -- metabolism KW - Promoter Regions, Genetic KW - Aspergillus -- genetics KW - Aspergillus -- enzymology KW - Aspergillus -- metabolism KW - Multienzyme Complexes -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71715258?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochimica+et+biophysica+acta&rft.atitle=Promoter+elements+in+the+aflatoxin+pathway+polyketide+synthase+gene.&rft.au=Ehrlich%2C+Kenneth+C%3BMontalbano%2C+Beverly+G%3BCary%2C+Jeffrey+W%3BCotty%2C+Peter+J&rft.aulast=Ehrlich&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.date=2002-06-07&rft.volume=1576&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochimica+et+biophysica+acta&rft.issn=00063002&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-20 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cancer chemopreventive and antioxidant activities of pterostilbene, a naturally occurring analogue of resveratrol. AN - 71722067; 12033810 AB - Pterostilbene, a natural methoxylated analogue of resveratrol, was evaluated for antioxidative potential. The peroxyl-radical scavenging activity of pterostilbene was the same as that of resveratrol, having total reactive antioxidant potentials of 237 +/- 58 and 253 +/- 53 microM, respectively. Both compounds were found to be more effective than Trolox as free radical scavengers. Using a plant system, pterostilbene also was shown to be as effective as resveratrol in inhibiting electrolyte leakage caused by herbicide-induced oxidative damage, and both compounds had the same activity as alpha-tocopherol. Pterostilbene showed moderate inhibition (IC50 = 19.8 microM) of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1, and was weakly active (IC50 = 83.9 microM) against COX-2, whereas resveratrol strongly inhibited both isoforms of the enzyme with IC50 values of approximately 1 microM. Using a mouse mammary organ culture model, carcinogen-induced preneoplastic lesions were, similarly to resveratrol, significantly inhibited by pterostilbene (ED50 = 4.8 microM), suggesting antioxidant activity plays an important role in this process. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Rimando, Agnes M AU - Cuendet, Muriel AU - Desmarchelier, Cristian AU - Mehta, Rajendra G AU - Pezzuto, John M AU - Duke, Stephen O AD - Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 8048, University, Mississippi 38677, USA. arimando@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/06/05/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 05 SP - 3453 EP - 3457 VL - 50 IS - 12 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents KW - 0 KW - Antioxidants KW - Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors KW - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors KW - Isoenzymes KW - Peroxides KW - Phenols KW - Stilbenes KW - Singlet Oxygen KW - 17778-80-2 KW - pterostilbene KW - 26R60S6A5I KW - perhydroxyl radical KW - 3170-83-0 KW - Cyclooxygenase 1 KW - EC 1.14.99.1 KW - Cyclooxygenase 2 KW - Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases KW - resveratrol KW - Q369O8926L KW - Index Medicus KW - Isoenzymes -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Cucumis -- chemistry KW - Peroxides -- chemistry KW - Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental -- prevention & control KW - Organ Culture Techniques KW - Singlet Oxygen -- chemistry KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Antioxidants -- pharmacology KW - Stilbenes -- pharmacology KW - Phenols -- pharmacology KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71722067?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Cancer+chemopreventive+and+antioxidant+activities+of+pterostilbene%2C+a+naturally+occurring+analogue+of+resveratrol.&rft.au=Rimando%2C+Agnes+M%3BCuendet%2C+Muriel%3BDesmarchelier%2C+Cristian%3BMehta%2C+Rajendra+G%3BPezzuto%2C+John+M%3BDuke%2C+Stephen+O&rft.aulast=Rimando&rft.aufirst=Agnes&rft.date=2002-06-05&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=3453&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-12 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Polymerase chain reaction detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and Mycobacterium avium organisms in formalin-fixed tissues from culture-negative ruminants AN - 18416805; 5403804 AB - In the US eradication program for bovine tuberculosis, a definitive diagnosis depends on the isolation of Mycobacterium bovis. However, in some cases bacterial culture is unsuccessful, even though the tissue is considered suspicious by histopathology because granulomatous lesions and acid-fast organisms are present. The purpose of this study was to determine if polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests on formalin-fixed tissue would successfully identify the organisms observed in suspect lesions from culture-negative animals. Diagnostic laboratory records were used to select paraffin blocks of tissue from 102 ruminants that had suspect microscopic lesions but no bacterial isolation. Sections from these blocks were examined with PCR primers for IS6110 to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infection, or with 16S ribosomal RNA and IS900 primers for detection of Mycobacterium avium. The PCR tests successfully identified a mycobacterial infection in 58 of 102 tissues, including 41 M. tuberculosis complex and 17 M. avium (11 subspecies paratuberculosis). These results demonstrate that PCR testing of formalin-fixed tissue, in combination with bacterial culture, may increase the effectiveness of laboratory diagnostic efforts to detect and identify the most common mycobacterial diseases of ruminants. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Miller, J M AU - Jenny, AL AU - Payeur, J B AD - United States Department of Agriculture, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA, jmiller@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/06/05/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 05 SP - 15 EP - 23 VL - 87 IS - 1 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - cattle KW - detection KW - formalin-fixed tissues KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18416805?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Polymerase+chain+reaction+detection+of+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+complex+and+Mycobacterium+avium+organisms+in+formalin-fixed+tissues+from+culture-negative+ruminants&rft.au=Miller%2C+J+M%3BJenny%2C+AL%3BPayeur%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-06-05&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Vegetation's role in catchment and riparian function AN - 39626687; 3671917 AU - Winward, A Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39626687?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Conundrum+of+securing+water+quantities+on+federal+lands&rft.au=Collette%2C+M&rft.aulast=Collette&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-07-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Altered precipitation regimes in tallgrass prairie: Biomass response AN - 39624074; 3671772 AU - Derner, J D AU - Hickman, K R AU - Polley, H W AU - Johnson, H B AU - Tischler, C R Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39624074?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Altered+precipitation+regimes+in+tallgrass+prairie%3A+Biomass+response&rft.au=Derner%2C+J+D%3BHickman%2C+K+R%3BPolley%2C+H+W%3BJohnson%2C+H+B%3BTischler%2C+C+R&rft.aulast=Derner&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Forage grasses released by the bismarck plant materials center and partners AN - 39624007; 3671766 AU - Tober, DA AU - Printz, J L Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39624007?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Forage+grasses+released+by+the+bismarck+plant+materials+center+and+partners&rft.au=Tober%2C+DA%3BPrintz%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Tober&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - System dimensions: Extent of vegetation classes, land use, and fragmentation AN - 39554265; 3671981 AU - Mitchell, J Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39554265?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=System+dimensions%3A+Extent+of+vegetation+classes%2C+land+use%2C+and+fragmentation&rft.au=Mitchell%2C+J&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Using state and transition models to predict and mitigate the impacts of global change: Biological invasions AN - 39554210; 3671937 AU - Brown, J Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39554210?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Using+state+and+transition+models+to+predict+and+mitigate+the+impacts+of+global+change%3A+Biological+invasions&rft.au=Brown%2C+J&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Stream channel and hydrology considerations in grazing management AN - 39554119; 3671916 AU - Staats, J Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39554119?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Stream+channel+and+hydrology+considerations+in+grazing+management&rft.au=Staats%2C+J&rft.aulast=Staats&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Infra range - An oracle-based tabular and spatial rangeland application AN - 39551493; 3671813 AU - Herman, D J AU - Suazo, R Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39551493?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Infra+range+-+An+oracle-based+tabular+and+spatial+rangeland+application&rft.au=Herman%2C+D+J%3BSuazo%2C+R&rft.aulast=Herman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; 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Paper No. 34 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Addressing watershed impairments following natural disasters - Managing user conflicts AN - 39526295; 3671501 AU - Hinton, MJ Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39526295?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Addressing+watershed+impairments+following+natural+disasters+-+Managing+user+conflicts&rft.au=Hinton%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Hinton&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: North American Lake Management Society, P.O. 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fax: 412 442-4328; URL: www.benthos.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Biological control of big sagebrush by two aphid species AN - 39522835; 3671824 AU - Murray, JE AU - Scott, J M Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39522835?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Biological+control+of+big+sagebrush+by+two+aphid+species&rft.au=Murray%2C+JE%3BScott%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; 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Box 5443, 4513 Vernon Blvd., Suite 100, Madison, WI 53705-0443, USA N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Demand for forest resources and the role of hybridization in meeting pulp, fiber, and energy needs from both stand and landscape perspectives AN - 39520701; 3674184 AU - Riemenschneider, D Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39520701?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Demand+for+forest+resources+and+the+role+of+hybridization+in+meeting+pulp%2C+fiber%2C+and+energy+needs+from+both+stand+and+landscape+perspectives&rft.au=Riemenschneider%2C+D&rft.aulast=Riemenschneider&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Association of Southeastern Biologists, Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA; fax: 828-262-2127; URL: www.asb.appstate.edu/63rdmeeting.htm. Paper No. 180 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - New opportunities in Vigna AN - 39512615; 3682378 AU - Fery, R L Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39512615?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=New+opportunities+in+Vigna&rft.au=Fery%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Fery&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Association for the Advancement of Industrial Crops, c/o U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory, 4331 E. Broadway Road, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA; URL: www.aaic.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Silva-pastoral savanna research AN - 39511306; 3671934 AU - Straight, R Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39511306?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Silva-pastoral+savanna+research&rft.au=Straight%2C+R&rft.aulast=Straight&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Federal and state programs to offset costs of savanna restoration AN - 39509885; 3671932 AU - Schroeppel, B Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39509885?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Federal+and+state+programs+to+offset+costs+of+savanna+restoration&rft.au=Schroeppel%2C+B&rft.aulast=Schroeppel&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; 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phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Soil, vegetation correlation, what is it, & how does it work? AN - 39508129; 3671898 AU - Wolfe, RHC AU - Blake, E Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39508129?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Soil%2C+vegetation+correlation%2C+what+is+it%2C+%26amp%3B+how+does+it+work%3F&rft.au=Wolfe%2C+RHC%3BBlake%2C+E&rft.aulast=Wolfe&rft.aufirst=RHC&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Investigations of potential ways to improve leafy spurge control by livestock AN - 39508043; 3671890 AU - Kronberg, S L AU - Grove, A V AU - Faller, T C AU - Sedivec, K K Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39508043?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Investigations+of+potential+ways+to+improve+leafy+spurge+control+by+livestock&rft.au=Kronberg%2C+S+L%3BGrove%2C+A+V%3BFaller%2C+T+C%3BSedivec%2C+K+K&rft.aulast=Kronberg&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Transfer of marine-derived nitrogen and phosphorus from stream to riparian forest via hyporheic flows AN - 39505847; 3677555 AU - Edwards, R T AU - O"Keefe, TC Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39505847?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Transfer+of+marine-derived+nitrogen+and+phosphorus+from+stream+to+riparian+forest+via+hyporheic+flows&rft.au=Edwards%2C+R+T%3BO%22Keefe%2C+TC&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: North American Benthological Society, 400 Waterfront Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15222, USA; fax: 412 442-4328; URL: www.benthos.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Initial bigfoot project assessment of MODIS-derived-surfaces related to the global carbon cycle AN - 39505569; 3675091 AU - Cohen, W Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39505569?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Initial+bigfoot+project+assessment+of+MODIS-derived-surfaces+related+to+the+global+carbon+cycle&rft.au=Cohen%2C+W&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Society for Photogammetry and Remote Sensing, URL: www.isprs.org. Paper No. TS-34.1 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Influence of channel morphology on hyporheic zones in mountain streams AN - 39505388; 3677484 AU - Wondzell, S M AU - Kasahara, T Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39505388?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+safety+and+health&rft.atitle=What+about+upwind+buffer+zones+for+aerial+applications%3F&rft.au=Kirk%2C+L+W%3BTeske%2C+M+E%3BThistle%2C+H+W&rft.aulast=Kirk&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=333&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+safety+and+health&rft.issn=10747583&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: North American Benthological Society, 400 Waterfront Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15222, USA; fax: 412 442-4328; URL: www.benthos.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Carbon and nitrogen distribution along hydrologic-redox potential gradients in two riparian meadows, Northeast Oregon AN - 39503167; 3677088 AU - Dwire, KA AU - Brookshire, E J AU - Kauffman, J B Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39503167?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Carbon+and+nitrogen+distribution+along+hydrologic-redox+potential+gradients+in+two+riparian+meadows%2C+Northeast+Oregon&rft.au=Dwire%2C+KA%3BBrookshire%2C+E+J%3BKauffman%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Dwire&rft.aufirst=KA&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: North American Benthological Society, 400 Waterfront Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15222, USA; fax: 412 442-4328; URL: www.benthos.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Spatial variability in the production of herbaceous biomass by a southern tallgrass prairie in Oklahoma AN - 39499633; 3671783 AU - Northup, B K Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39499633?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Spatial+variability+in+the+production+of+herbaceous+biomass+by+a+southern+tallgrass+prairie+in+Oklahoma&rft.au=Northup%2C+B+K&rft.aulast=Northup&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Florida grazing issues working group - A public/private partnership: Highlights of the grazing leases workshop AN - 39499542; 3671758 AU - Healy, B S AU - Jolley, JA Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39499542?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Florida+grazing+issues+working+group+-+A+public%2Fprivate+partnership%3A+Highlights+of+the+grazing+leases+workshop&rft.au=Healy%2C+B+S%3BJolley%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Healy&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - PLANTS: A database for plant information on the world wide web AN - 39499490; 3671750 AU - Henson, J F AU - Harward, K Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39499490?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=PLANTS%3A+A+database+for+plant+information+on+the+world+wide+web&rft.au=Henson%2C+J+F%3BHarward%2C+K&rft.aulast=Henson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Using population viability analysis (PVA) to evaluate livestock management strategies on a threatened orchid AN - 39499347; 3671995 AU - Sieg, CH AU - King, R M AU - Miller, P S Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39499347?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Using+population+viability+analysis+%28PVA%29+to+evaluate+livestock+management+strategies+on+a+threatened+orchid&rft.au=Sieg%2C+CH%3BKing%2C+R+M%3BMiller%2C+P+S&rft.aulast=Sieg&rft.aufirst=CH&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Oilseeds AN - 39498685; 3682352 AU - Gesch, R Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39498685?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Oilseeds&rft.au=Gesch%2C+R&rft.aulast=Gesch&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Association for the Advancement of Industrial Crops, c/o U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory, 4331 E. Broadway Road, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA; URL: www.aaic.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Use of satellite telemetry in Alaska for improving reindeer range management AN - 39497146; 3671814 AU - Swanson, J D AU - Sonnen, K L AU - Finstad, G L Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39497146?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Use+of+satellite+telemetry+in+Alaska+for+improving+reindeer+range+management&rft.au=Swanson%2C+J+D%3BSonnen%2C+K+L%3BFinstad%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Swanson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Wear tolerance evaluation of vegetation for erosion control AN - 39497026; 3671771 AU - Bruckerhoff, S B Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39497026?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Wear+tolerance+evaluation+of+vegetation+for+erosion+control&rft.au=Bruckerhoff%2C+S+B&rft.aulast=Bruckerhoff&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Intraspecific variability in thermal response of primed and nonprimed seeds of bottlebrush squirreltail AN - 39496972; 3671767 AU - Hardegree, S P AU - Jones, T A AU - Van Vactor, SS Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39496972?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Intraspecific+variability+in+thermal+response+of+primed+and+nonprimed+seeds+of+bottlebrush+squirreltail&rft.au=Hardegree%2C+S+P%3BJones%2C+T+A%3BVan+Vactor%2C+SS&rft.aulast=Hardegree&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Contrasting responses of invasive annual and native perennial grasses to soil nitrogen form and availability: Seedling establishment and growth AN - 39496924; 3671754 AU - Monaco, T A AU - Johnson, DA AU - Norton, J M AU - Jones, T A AU - Connors, K J Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39496924?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Contrasting+responses+of+invasive+annual+and+native+perennial+grasses+to+soil+nitrogen+form+and+availability%3A+Seedling+establishment+and+growth&rft.au=Monaco%2C+T+A%3BJohnson%2C+DA%3BNorton%2C+J+M%3BJones%2C+T+A%3BConnors%2C+K+J&rft.aulast=Monaco&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evaluation and interpretation of soil biological data and plant communities for selected sites in Nevada AN - 39496872; 3671752 AU - Franks, C D AU - Samson-Liebig, SE AU - Goings, KA Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39496872?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evaluation+and+interpretation+of+soil+biological+data+and+plant+communities+for+selected+sites+in+Nevada&rft.au=Franks%2C+C+D%3BSamson-Liebig%2C+SE%3BGoings%2C+KA&rft.aulast=Franks&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-0493%282002%29095%280682%3ACOPAIC%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Don't give up on seeding antelope bitterbrush AN - 39496596; 3671708 AU - Clements, C D AU - Young, JA Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39496596?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Don%27t+give+up+on+seeding+antelope+bitterbrush&rft.au=Clements%2C+C+D%3BYoung%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Clements&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; 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Broadway Road, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA; URL: www.aaic.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Influence of stream size and riparian composition on terrestrial prey for rainbow trout AN - 39489939; 3677356 AU - Johnson, S L AU - Li, J L AU - Li, H W AU - Frady, CH AU - Brookshire, J Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39489939?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Influence+of+stream+size+and+riparian+composition+on+terrestrial+prey+for+rainbow+trout&rft.au=Johnson%2C+S+L%3BLi%2C+J+L%3BLi%2C+H+W%3BFrady%2C+CH%3BBrookshire%2C+J&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: North American Benthological Society, 400 Waterfront Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15222, USA; fax: 412 442-4328; URL: www.benthos.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Synthesis and physical properties of cuphea oleic estolides AN - 39485068; 3682455 AU - Cermak, S C Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39485068?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Synthesis+and+physical+properties+of+cuphea+oleic+estolides&rft.au=Cermak%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Cermak&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Association for the Advancement of Industrial Crops, c/o U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory, 4331 E. Broadway Road, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA; URL: www.aaic.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Cotton fiber/seed coat structure analyzed by mid-IR microspectroscopy AN - 39464340; 3673501 AU - Himmelsbach, D AU - Akin, DE AU - Hardin, I AU - Kim, J Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39464340?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Cotton+fiber%2Fseed+coat+structure+analyzed+by+mid-IR+microspectroscopy&rft.au=Himmelsbach%2C+D%3BAkin%2C+DE%3BHardin%2C+I%3BKim%2C+J&rft.aulast=Himmelsbach&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: University of Georgia, Dept. of Textiles, Merchandising and Interiors, Baldwin Hall, Athens, GA 30602-1619, USA; URL: guallart.dac.uga.edu/JEA N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Growth of eastern gamagrass at two levels of carbon dioxide and three temperatures AN - 39463386; 3674093 AU - Ritchie, J C AU - Gitz, DC III AU - Krizek, D T AU - Reddy, V R Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39463386?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Growth+of+eastern+gamagrass+at+two+levels+of+carbon+dioxide+and+three+temperatures&rft.au=Ritchie%2C+J+C%3BGitz%2C+DC+III%3BKrizek%2C+D+T%3BReddy%2C+V+R&rft.aulast=Ritchie&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Association of Southeastern Biologists, Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA; fax: 828-262-2127; URL: www.asb.appstate.edu/63rdmeeting.htm. Paper No. 89 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Regrowth after harvest of one- and two-year-old guayule plants AN - 39463184; 3682470 AU - Coffelt, T A Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39463184?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Regrowth+after+harvest+of+one-+and+two-year-old+guayule+plants&rft.au=Coffelt%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Coffelt&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Association for the Advancement of Industrial Crops, c/o U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory, 4331 E. Broadway Road, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA; URL: www.aaic.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Growth and development responses of cuphea of temperature AN - 39463134; 3682457 AU - Gesch, R Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39463134?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Growth+and+development+responses+of+cuphea+of+temperature&rft.au=Gesch%2C+R&rft.aulast=Gesch&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Association for the Advancement of Industrial Crops, c/o U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory, 4331 E. Broadway Road, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA; URL: www.aaic.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Comparative quality testing of allergenic (Hevea brasiliensis), hypoallergenic (Parthenium argentatum, Gray) and nonallergenic (synthetic) latex materials AN - 39462117; 3682471 AU - Cornish, K Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39462117?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Comparative+quality+testing+of+allergenic+%28Hevea+brasiliensis%29%2C+hypoallergenic+%28Parthenium+argentatum%2C+Gray%29+and+nonallergenic+%28synthetic%29+latex+materials&rft.au=Cornish%2C+K&rft.aulast=Cornish&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Association for the Advancement of Industrial Crops, c/o U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory, 4331 E. Broadway Road, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA; URL: www.aaic.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Rooting characteristics and water requirements of cuphea AN - 39461991; 3682456 AU - Sharratt, B Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39461991?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Rooting+characteristics+and+water+requirements+of+cuphea&rft.au=Sharratt%2C+B&rft.aulast=Sharratt&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Association for the Advancement of Industrial Crops, c/o U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory, 4331 E. Broadway Road, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA; URL: www.aaic.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of wildfire on Sonoran desert plant communities AN - 39460685; 3671897 AU - Alford, E J AU - Brock, J R Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39460685?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effects+of+wildfire+on+Sonoran+desert+plant+communities&rft.au=Alford%2C+E+J%3BBrock%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Alford&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Rates of spread of invasive plants AN - 39460620; 3671891 AU - Skinner, K M AU - Rice, P AU - Smith, L Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39460620?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Rates+of+spread+of+invasive+plants&rft.au=Skinner%2C+K+M%3BRice%2C+P%3BSmith%2C+L&rft.aulast=Skinner&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Coordinated resource management can be a success AN - 39459962; 3671714 AU - Madril, R D Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39459962?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Coordinated+resource+management+can+be+a+success&rft.au=Madril%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Madril&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Fruit polyphenolics and brain aging AN - 39457627; 3678705 AU - Denisova, N AU - Bielinski, D AU - Shukitt-Hale, B AU - Gordon, M AU - Morgan, D AU - Diamond, D AU - Arendash, G AU - Joseph, JA Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39457627?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Fruit+polyphenolics+and+brain+aging&rft.au=Denisova%2C+N%3BBielinski%2C+D%3BShukitt-Hale%2C+B%3BGordon%2C+M%3BMorgan%2C+D%3BDiamond%2C+D%3BArendash%2C+G%3BJoseph%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Denisova&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1DX, UK; URL: www.elsevier.nl. Paper No. S6.4 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Rangeland technology and equipment council (RTEC)-past, present and future AN - 39455195; 3671874 AU - Lambert, S AU - Pellant, M Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39455195?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Rangeland+technology+and+equipment+council+%28RTEC%29-past%2C+present+and+future&rft.au=Lambert%2C+S%3BPellant%2C+M&rft.aulast=Lambert&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Vegetation survey on Umnak Island, located in Alaska's Aleutian Island chain AN - 39454381; 3671780 AU - Sonnen, K L AU - Swanson, J D Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39454381?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Vegetation+survey+on+Umnak+Island%2C+located+in+Alaska%27s+Aleutian+Island+chain&rft.au=Sonnen%2C+K+L%3BSwanson%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Sonnen&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evapotranspiration in northern semiarid grasslands AN - 39451513; 3671993 AU - Frank, AB AU - Karn, J F Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39451513?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evapotranspiration+in+northern+semiarid+grasslands&rft.au=Frank%2C+AB%3BKarn%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Frank&rft.aufirst=AB&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Germination of seeds of squirreltail AN - 39451484; 3671992 AU - Young, JA AU - Clements, C D Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39451484?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Germination+of+seeds+of+squirreltail&rft.au=Young%2C+JA%3BClements%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Understanding the effects of livestock grazing on aquatic and riparian habitat: Why long-term monitoring is necessary AN - 39451448; 3671922 AU - Kershner, J Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39451448?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Understanding+the+effects+of+livestock+grazing+on+aquatic+and+riparian+habitat%3A+Why+long-term+monitoring+is+necessary&rft.au=Kershner%2C+J&rft.aulast=Kershner&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Estimates of Alaska fish processing waste stream components AN - 39450304; 3676513 AU - Bechtel, P J AU - Crapo, CA Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39450304?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Estimates+of+Alaska+fish+processing+waste+stream+components&rft.au=Bechtel%2C+P+J%3BCrapo%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Bechtel&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: PFT 2002, Food Science & Technology Department, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; phone: 530-752-2507; fax: 530-752-4759 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Rangeland and steer responses to grazing in the southern plains AN - 39449414; 3671809 AU - Sims, P L AU - Gillen, R L Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39449414?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Rangeland+and+steer+responses+to+grazing+in+the+southern+plains&rft.au=Sims%2C+P+L%3BGillen%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Sims&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Gem weather simulation model AN - 39449311; 3671778 AU - Hanson, CL Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39449311?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Gem+weather+simulation+model&rft.au=Hanson%2C+CL&rft.aulast=Hanson&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Four state collection of big bluestem AN - 39449236; 3671762 AU - Henry, J Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39449236?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Four+state+collection+of+big+bluestem&rft.au=Henry%2C+J&rft.aulast=Henry&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Salmon carcasses vs. fertilizer: Stream food web responses to organic and inorganic nutrient enrichment in Alaska AN - 39445824; 3677442 AU - Hudson, J P AU - Wipfli AU - Mitchell, N L AU - Caouette, J P AU - Heintz, R A AU - Chaloner, D T AU - Graham, B S AU - Crenshaw, CL AU - Lessard, J L AU - Lamberti, G A Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39445824?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Salmon+carcasses+vs.+fertilizer%3A+Stream+food+web+responses+to+organic+and+inorganic+nutrient+enrichment+in+Alaska&rft.au=Hudson%2C+J+P%3BWipfli%3BMitchell%2C+N+L%3BCaouette%2C+J+P%3BHeintz%2C+R+A%3BChaloner%2C+D+T%3BGraham%2C+B+S%3BCrenshaw%2C+CL%3BLessard%2C+J+L%3BLamberti%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Hudson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: North American Benthological Society, 400 Waterfront Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15222, USA; fax: 412 442-4328; URL: www.benthos.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of purified tridermi reesei cellulase on the supramolecular structure of cotton cellulose AN - 39433321; 3673492 AU - Bertoniere, N AU - Howley, P AU - Rouselle, MA AU - Pere, J AU - Burchert, J Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39433321?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+purified+tridermi+reesei+cellulase+on+the+supramolecular+structure+of+cotton+cellulose&rft.au=Bertoniere%2C+N%3BHowley%2C+P%3BRouselle%2C+MA%3BPere%2C+J%3BBurchert%2C+J&rft.aulast=Bertoniere&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: University of Georgia, Dept. of Textiles, Merchandising and Interiors, Baldwin Hall, Athens, GA 30602-1619, USA; URL: guallart.dac.uga.edu/JEA N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Building ecological site descriptions in the northern plains region: A team approach AN - 39427699; 3671756 AU - Saunders, J AU - Boltz, S Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39427699?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Building+ecological+site+descriptions+in+the+northern+plains+region%3A+A+team+approach&rft.au=Saunders%2C+J%3BBoltz%2C+S&rft.aulast=Saunders&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Synthesis of poly(hydroxyalkanoates) by Escherichia coli expressing mutated and chimeric PHA synthase genes AN - 18569368; 5420510 AB - Pseudomonas resinovorans phaC1 sub(Pre) and phaC2 sub(Pre) genes coding for poly(hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA) synthases were cloned by PCR and expressed in E. coli LS1298 (fadB). Repeat-unit composition analysis showed that beta -hydroxydecanoate (67-75 mol%) and beta -hydroxyoctanoate (25-33 mol%) are the major monomers of the PHA produced in cells grown on decanoate. Sequence analysis showed that the gene products of phaC1 sub(Pre) and phaC2 sub(Pre) had 61% identical (75% positive) amino-acid sequence matches, and both sequences contained a conserved alpha / beta -hydrolase fold in the carboxy-terminal portion of the proteins. Switching the alpha / beta -hydrolase folds of phaC1 sub(Pre) and phaC2 sub(Pre) yielded chimeric pha7 and pha8 genes that afforded PHA synthesis in E. coli LS1298. The repeat-unit compositions of PHA in cells containing pha7 and pha8 were similar to those found in transformants containing the parental genes. Deletion mutants of phaC1 sub(Pre) and phaC2 sub(Pre) that resulted in potential translational fusions also supported PHA synthesis with similar repeat-unit compositions. Chimeric genes obtained from the switching of fragments containing the alpha / beta -hydrolase folds of phaC1 sub(Pre) and Ralstonia eutropha phbC did not direct the synthesis of PHA in transformed cells. JF - Biotechnology Letters AU - Solaiman, DKY AU - Ashby, R D AU - Foglia, T A AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, dsolaiman@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2002/06/02/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 02 SP - 1011 EP - 1016 VL - 24 IS - 12 SN - 0141-5492, 0141-5492 KW - Polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase KW - pha7 gene KW - pha8 gene KW - phaC1 gene KW - phaC2 gene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01002:Acids, amino acids, peptides & proteins KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - J 02729:Organic acids KW - W2 32360:Organic acids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18569368?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.atitle=Synthesis+of+poly%28hydroxyalkanoates%29+by+Escherichia+coli+expressing+mutated+and+chimeric+PHA+synthase+genes&rft.au=Solaiman%2C+DKY%3BAshby%2C+R+D%3BFoglia%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Solaiman&rft.aufirst=DKY&rft.date=2002-06-02&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1011&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.issn=01415492&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Engineered polyamine accumulation in tomato enhances phytonutrient content, juice quality, and vine life AN - 877593254; 13744559 AB - Polyamines, ubiquitous organic aliphatic cations, have been implicated in a myriad of physiological and developmental processes in many organisms, but their in vivo functions remain to be determined. We expressed a yeast S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase gene (ySAMdc; Spe2) fused with a ripening-inducible E8 promoter to specifically increase levels of the polyamines spermidine and spermine in tomato fruit during ripening. Independent transgenic plants and their segregating lines were evaluated after cultivation in the greenhouse and in the field for five successive generations. The enhanced expression of the ySAMdc gene resulted in increased conversion of putrescine into higher polyamines and thus to ripening-specific accumulation of spermidine and spermine. This led to an increase in lycopene, prolonged vine life, and enhanced fruit juice quality. Lycopene levels in cultivated tomatoes are generally low, and increasing them in the fruit enhances its nutrient value. Furthermore, the rates of ethylene production in the transgenic tomato fruit were consistently higher than those in the nontransgenic control fruit. These data show that polyamine and ethylene biosynthesis pathways can act simultaneously in ripening tomato fruit. Taken together, these results provide the first direct evidence for a physiological role of polyamines and demonstrate an approach to improving nutritional quality, juice quality, and vine life of tomato fruit. JF - Nature Biotechnology AU - Mehta, Roshni A AU - Cassol, Tatiana AU - Li, Ning AU - Ali, Nasreen AU - Handa, Avtar K AU - Mattoo, Autar K AD - [1] USDA-ARS Vegetable Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Building 010A, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350. [2] These authors contributed equally to this work. Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 613 EP - 618 PB - Nature Publishing Group, The Macmillan Building London N1 9XW United Kingdom VL - 20 IS - 6 SN - 1087-0156, 1087-0156 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Fruits KW - Spermine KW - Data processing KW - Vines KW - Nutrients KW - Transgenic plants KW - Greenhouses KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - Ripening KW - Fruit juices KW - Promoters KW - Putrescine KW - Spermidine KW - Cations KW - polyamines KW - lycopene KW - Ethylene KW - S-Adenosylmethionine KW - X 24320:Food Additives & Contaminants KW - W 30935:Food Biotechnology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/877593254?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Engineered+polyamine+accumulation+in+tomato+enhances+phytonutrient+content%2C+juice+quality%2C+and+vine+life&rft.au=Mehta%2C+Roshni+A%3BCassol%2C+Tatiana%3BLi%2C+Ning%3BAli%2C+Nasreen%3BHanda%2C+Avtar+K%3BMattoo%2C+Autar+K&rft.aulast=Mehta&rft.aufirst=Roshni&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=613&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature+Biotechnology&rft.issn=10870156&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fnbt0602-613 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-10-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fruits; Spermine; Data processing; Nutrients; Vines; Transgenic plants; Greenhouses; Ripening; Promoters; Fruit juices; Putrescine; Cations; Spermidine; polyamines; lycopene; Ethylene; S-Adenosylmethionine; Lycopersicon esculentum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0602-613 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selective pharmacological inhibitors reveal the role of Syk tyrosine kinase, phospholipase C, phosphatidylinositol-3'-kinase, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in Fc receptor-mediated signaling of chicken heterophil degranulation. AN - 72017882; 12188037 AB - Fc receptors of avian heterophils play a primary role in the elimination of bacterial pathogens in poultry. The cross-linking of Fc receptors with IgG-bacteria complexes results in the secretion of toxic oxygen metabolites and anti-bacterial granules. We have been investigating the upstream signaling events that precede degranulation following crosslinkage of Fc receptors on heterophils. Previously when using the non-selective pharmacological inhibitors genistein, chelerythrine, verapamil, and pertussis toxin, we found no significant inhibitory effects on Fc-mediated heterophil degranulation. In the present studies, we used more selective pharmacological inhibitors to investigate the roles of protein tyrosine kinases, phospholipase C (PLC), phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase, and the family of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) on Fc-mediated heterophil degranulation. Inhibitors of the receptor-linked tyrosine kinases (the tryphostins AG 1478 and AG 1296) had no attenuating effects on the Fc receptor-mediated degranulation of chicken heterophils. Likewise, PP2, a selective inhibitor of the Src family of protein tyrosine kinases, had no inhibitory effects on degranulation. However, piceatannol, a selective inhibitor of Syk tyrosine kinase, significantly attenuated the effect of Fc receptor-mediated degranulation. Additionally, Fc-mediated degranulation was significantly attenuated by SB 203580, an inhibitor of p38 MAPK, but not by PD98059, an inhibitor of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). An inhibitor of phospholipase C, U73122 and LY294002, an inhibitor of phosphoinositol-3 kinase significantly decreased heterophil degranulation. These results suggest that the Fc receptors on chicken heterophils, like their counterparts on mammalian neutrophils, have no intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity, but probably mediate downstream events through activation of tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAM). Activation of the Syk tyrosine kinase stimulates downstream phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, phospholipase C, and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase as signaling pathways that regulate Fc-receptor-mediated degranulation of chicken heterophils. Engaging Fc receptors on chicken heterophils activates a Syk-->PLC-->PI3-K-->p38 MAPK signal transduction pathway that induces degranulation. JF - International immunopharmacology AU - Kogut, Michael AU - Lowry, Virginia K AU - Farnell, Morgan AD - USDA-ARS, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, TX 77845, USA. kogut@ffsru.tamu.edu Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 963 EP - 973 VL - 2 IS - 7 SN - 1567-5769, 1567-5769 KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Enzyme Precursors KW - Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins KW - Receptors, Fc KW - Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases KW - EC 2.7.1.- KW - Protein-Tyrosine Kinases KW - EC 2.7.10.1 KW - Syk Kinase KW - EC 2.7.10.2 KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases KW - EC 2.7.11.24 KW - p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases KW - Type C Phospholipases KW - EC 3.1.4.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - MAP Kinase Signaling System -- drug effects KW - Type C Phospholipases -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Enzyme Precursors -- physiology KW - Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases -- physiology KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases -- physiology KW - Type C Phospholipases -- physiology KW - Protein-Tyrosine Kinases -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Chickens KW - Enzyme Precursors -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Protein-Tyrosine Kinases -- physiology KW - Signal Transduction -- physiology KW - Receptors, Fc -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Receptors, Fc -- physiology KW - Cell Degranulation -- physiology KW - Granulocytes -- enzymology KW - Signal Transduction -- drug effects KW - Granulocytes -- drug effects KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Cell Degranulation -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72017882?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+immunopharmacology&rft.atitle=Selective+pharmacological+inhibitors+reveal+the+role+of+Syk+tyrosine+kinase%2C+phospholipase+C%2C+phosphatidylinositol-3%27-kinase%2C+and+p38+mitogen-activated+protein+kinase+in+Fc+receptor-mediated+signaling+of+chicken+heterophil+degranulation.&rft.au=Kogut%2C+Michael%3BLowry%2C+Virginia+K%3BFarnell%2C+Morgan&rft.aulast=Kogut&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=963&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+immunopharmacology&rft.issn=15675769&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-15 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of various models of propane-powered mosquito traps. AN - 71932860; 12125861 AB - Large cage and field studies were conducted to determine the efficacy of various models of propane-powered mosquito traps. These traps utilized counterflow technology in conjunction with catalytic combustion to produce attractants (carbon dioxide, water vapor, and heat) and a thermoelectric generator that converted excess heat into electricity for stand-alone operation. The cage studies showed that large numbers of Aedes aegypti and Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus were captured and that each progressive model resulted in increased trapping efficiency. In several field studies against natural populations of mosquitoes two different propane traps were compared against two other trap systems, the professional (PRO) and counterflow geometry (CFG) traps. In these studies the propane traps consistently caught more mosquitoes than the PRO trap and significantly fewer mosquitoes than the CFG traps. The difference in collection size between the CFG and propane traps was due mostly to Anopheles crucians. In spring 1997 the CFG trap captured 3.6X more An. crucians than the Portable Propane (PP) model and in spring 1998 it captured 6.3X more An. crucians than the Mosquito Magnet Beta-1 (MMB-1) trap. Both the PP and MMB-1 captured slightly more Culex spp. than the CFG trap. JF - Journal of vector ecology : journal of the Society for Vector Ecology AU - Kline, Daniel L AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA. Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 1 EP - 7 VL - 27 IS - 1 SN - 1081-1710, 1081-1710 KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Carbon Dioxide KW - 142M471B3J KW - Propane KW - T75W9911L6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Hot Temperature KW - Animals KW - Equipment Design KW - Population Dynamics KW - Culicidae KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71932860?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+vector+ecology+%3A+journal+of+the+Society+for+Vector+Ecology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+various+models+of+propane-powered+mosquito+traps.&rft.au=Kline%2C+Daniel+L&rft.aulast=Kline&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+vector+ecology+%3A+journal+of+the+Society+for+Vector+Ecology&rft.issn=10811710&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-24 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enumeration and identification of yeasts associated with commercial poultry processing and spoilage of refrigerated broiler carcasses. AN - 71866584; 12092734 AB - Yeasts associated with broiler carcasses taken from various stages of commercial poultry processing operations and broiler carcasses stored at refrigerated temperatures were enumerated and identified. Whole carcass rinses were performed to recover yeasts from carcasses taken from a processing facility and processed carcasses stored at 4 degrees C for up to 14 days. Yeasts in the carcass rinsates were enumerated on acidified potato dextrose agar and identified with the MIDI Sherlock Microbial Identification System. Dendrograms of fatty acid profiles of yeast were prepared to determine the degree of relatedness of the yeast isolates. Findings indicated that as the carcasses are moved through the processing line, significant decreases in the number of yeasts associated with broiler carcasses usually occur, and the composition of the yeast flora of the carcasses is altered. Significant (P < 0.05) increases in the yeast population of the carcasses generally occur during storage at 4 degrees C, however. Furthermore, it was determined that the same strain of yeast may be recovered from different carcasses at different points in the processing line and that the same strain of yeast may be isolated from carcasses processed on different days in the same processing facility. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Hinton, Arthur AU - Cason, J A AU - Ingram, Kimberly D AD - Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA. ahinton@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 993 EP - 998 VL - 65 IS - 6 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Phylogeny KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Temperature KW - Food Contamination KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Food-Processing Industry KW - Time Factors KW - Yeasts -- isolation & purification KW - Yeasts -- growth & development KW - Yeasts -- classification KW - Poultry -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71866584?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Enumeration+and+identification+of+yeasts+associated+with+commercial+poultry+processing+and+spoilage+of+refrigerated+broiler+carcasses.&rft.au=Hinton%2C+Arthur%3BCason%2C+J+A%3BIngram%2C+Kimberly+D&rft.aulast=Hinton&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=993&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-18 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Testing for Salmonella in raw meat and poultry products collected at federally inspected establishments in the United States, 1998 through 2000. AN - 71864268; 12092726 AB - The Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) issued Pathogen Reduction; Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) Systems; Final Rule (the PR/HACCP rule) on 25 July 1996. To verify that industry PR/HACCP systems are effective in controlling the contamination of raw meat and poultry products with human disease-causing bacteria, this rule sets product-specific Salmonella performance standards that must be met by slaughter establishments and establishments producing raw ground products. These performance standards are based on the prevalence of Salmonella as determined from the FSIS's nationwide microbial baseline studies and are expressed in terms of the maximum number of Salmonella-positive samples that are allowed in a given sample set. From 26 January 1998 through 31 December 2000, federal inspectors collected 98,204 samples and 1,502 completed sample sets for Salmonella analysis from large, small, and very small establishments that produced at least one of seven raw meat and poultry products: broilers, market hogs, cows and bulls, steers and heifers, ground beef, ground chicken, and ground turkey. Salmonella prevalence in most of the product categories was lower after the implementation of PR/HACCP than in pre-PR/HACCP baseline studies and surveys conducted by the FSIS. The results of 3 years of testing at establishments of all sizes combined show that >80% of the sample sets met the following Salmonella prevalence performance standards: 20.0% for broilers, 8.7% for market hogs, 2.7% for cows and bulls, 1.0% for steers and heifers, 7.5% for ground beef, 44.6% for ground chicken, and 49.9% for ground turkey. The decreased Salmonella prevalences may partly reflect industry improvements, such as improved process control, incorporation of antimicrobial interventions, and increased microbial-process control monitoring, in conjunction with PR/HACCP implementation. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Rose, Bonnie E AU - Hill, Walter E AU - Umholtz, Robert AU - Ransom, Gerri M AU - James, William O AD - Microbiology Branch, Office of Public Health and Science, Food Safety and Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. 20250-3700, USA. bonnie.rose@fsis.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 937 EP - 947 VL - 65 IS - 6 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Swine KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- microbiology KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Cattle KW - Food Microbiology KW - Turkeys KW - Male KW - Female KW - Proportional Hazards Models KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Meat Products -- microbiology KW - Food Inspection -- standards KW - Food Inspection -- methods KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - Poultry Products -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71864268?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Testing+for+Salmonella+in+raw+meat+and+poultry+products+collected+at+federally+inspected+establishments+in+the+United+States%2C+1998+through+2000.&rft.au=Rose%2C+Bonnie+E%3BHill%2C+Walter+E%3BUmholtz%2C+Robert%3BRansom%2C+Gerri+M%3BJames%2C+William+O&rft.aulast=Rose&rft.aufirst=Bonnie&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=937&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-18 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Serotyping and ribotyping of Salmonella using restriction enzyme PvuII. AN - 71861295; 12092713 AB - The subtyping and identification of bacterial pathogens throughout food processing and production chains is useful to the new hazard analysis critical control point-based food safety plans. Traditional manual serotyping remains the primary means of subtyping Salmonella isolates. Molecular biology techniques, however, offer the promise of more rapid and sensitive subtyping of Salmonella. This study evaluates the potential of restriction enzyme PvuII, followed by probing with the rRNA operon from Escherichia coli, to generate serotype-specific DNA fingerprints. A total of 32 identified serotypes were found with an overall agreement in 208 of the 259 (80%) isolates tested between U.S. Department of Agriculture serotype identification and riboprint serotype identification. Many of the isolates that did not correlate were serotype identified as Salmonella Montevideo, which indicates that for this serotype, there are multiple ribotypes. When Salmonella Montevideo isolates were not included, the ribotype identification agreed with serotyping in 207 of the 231 (90%) isolates. The primary outcome of any ribotyping procedure is to give distinct ribotype patterns. This extensive poultry epidemiological study demonstrates that, in addition to ribotype patterns, the identification of isolates to known serotypes provides the investigator with additional information that can be more useful than traditional epidemiology and isolate identification studies. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Bailey, J S AU - Fedorka-Cray, P J AU - Stern, N J AU - Craven, S E AU - Cox, N A AU - Cosby, D E AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Athens, Georgia 30604-5677, USA. jsbailey@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 1005 EP - 1007 VL - 65 IS - 6 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - RNA, Ribosomal KW - 0 KW - CAGCTG-specific type II deoxyribonucleases KW - EC 3.1.21.4 KW - Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Time Factors KW - Ribotyping -- methods KW - RNA, Ribosomal -- analysis KW - Poultry -- microbiology KW - Salmonella -- classification KW - Serotyping -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71861295?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Serotyping+and+ribotyping+of+Salmonella+using+restriction+enzyme+PvuII.&rft.au=Bailey%2C+J+S%3BFedorka-Cray%2C+P+J%3BStern%2C+N+J%3BCraven%2C+S+E%3BCox%2C+N+A%3BCosby%2C+D+E&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1005&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-18 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Technical note: epimerization of ergopeptine alkaloids in organic and aqueous solvents. AN - 71859623; 12078743 AB - Purified ergopeptine alkaloids are often used in studies related to tall fescue toxicosis without regard to epimerization that occurs when ergopeptines are solvated. The objectives of this study were to measure the rates of alpha-ergocryptine epimerization to alpha-ergocryptinine at room temperature and at -40 degrees C, and to measure the rate of ergovaline epimerization to ergovalinine at 37 degrees C. Alpha-ergocryptine tartrate was stable (< 0.5% epimerization) in protic or aprotic solvents when stored at -40 degrees C for 20 to 52 d. At room temperature, alpha-ergocryptine epimerization in chloroform did not occur; epimerization was modest in acetone and acetonitrile (< 5%) but was substantial in methanol (78% by 38 d) and in a 70:30 water methanol mix (47% by 42 d). Ergovaline epimerization to ergovalinine occurred at 37 degrees C in 0.1 M phosphate buffers (pH 3, 7.5, and 9) in 9% aqueous solutions of fetal bovine serum (FBS), and in water, methanol, and acetonitrile. The degree of epimerization at 37 degrees C was solvent-dependent. Epimerization rates with respect to time were roughly linear in phosphate buffer (pH 3 only), water, methanol, and acetonitrile; epimerization rates resembled first-order kinetics in phosphate buffers (pH 7.5 and 9) and in the presence of FBS (pH 3, 7.5 and in Dulbecco's culture media). Epimerization equilibria (48 to 63% ergovaline) were reached within approximately 1 to 19 h. Results from this study indicate that researchers conducting studies with purified ergopeptines should carefully control the storage conditions of solvated ergopeptines and measure isomeric composition under the actual experimental conditions used in experiments. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Smith, D J AU - Shappell, N W AD - USDA ARS, Biosciences Research Laboratory, Fargo, ND 58105-5674, USA. smithd@fargo.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 1616 EP - 1622 VL - 80 IS - 6 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Ergolines KW - 0 KW - Ergot Alkaloids KW - Ergotamines KW - Solvents KW - ergovaline KW - 2873-38-3 KW - ergocryptine KW - 511-09-1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Temperature KW - Poaceae -- chemistry KW - Isomerism KW - Ergotamines -- chemistry KW - Ergot Alkaloids -- chemistry KW - Ergot Alkaloids -- toxicity KW - Animal Feed -- analysis KW - Ergolines -- chemistry KW - Ergot Alkaloids -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71859623?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Technical+note%3A+epimerization+of+ergopeptine+alkaloids+in+organic+and+aqueous+solvents.&rft.au=Smith%2C+D+J%3BShappell%2C+N+W&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1616&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-08 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) history and conceptual overview. AN - 71858581; 12088233 AB - The concept of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) is a system that enables the production of safe meat and poultry products through the thorough analysis of production processes, identification of all hazards that are likely to occur in the production establishment, the identification of critical points in the process at which these hazards may be introduced into product and therefore should be controlled, the establishment of critical limits for control at those points, the verification of these prescribed steps, and the methods by which the processing establishment and the regulatory authority can monitor how well process control through the HACCP plan is working. The history of the development of HACCP is reviewed, and examples of practical applications of HACCP are described. JF - Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis AU - Hulebak, Karen L AU - Schlosser, Wayne AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Office of Public Health and Science, Washington, DC, USA. Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 547 EP - 552 VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Meat KW - Animals KW - Poultry KW - Cattle KW - United States Department of Agriculture KW - Risk Assessment KW - Proportional Hazards Models KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71858581?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=Hazard+analysis+and+critical+control+point+%28HACCP%29+history+and+conceptual+overview.&rft.au=Hulebak%2C+Karen+L%3BSchlosser%2C+Wayne&rft.aulast=Hulebak&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=547&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-06 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and other insect associated resistance in the maize inbred Tex6. AN - 71847307; 12076011 AB - A 2-yr field and laboratory study investigated insect resistance of the maize, Zea mays L., inbred Tex6, which has previously demonstrated resistance to Aspergillus ear rot and aflatoxin production, relative to susceptible inbred B73. Field studies indicated significantly greater resistance to insect feeding of V4-V8 growth stage Tex6 plants compared with B73 plants in both years, primarily to flea beetles (Chaetonema spp.). Field studies of natural (1999) and artificial (2000) infestations of corn earworms, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), indicated much lower levels of kernel damage at milk stage (approximately three-fold) and smaller surviving larvae (approximately three-fold) in Tex6 compared with B73 ears. At harvest similar trends in reduction of numbers of damaged kernels per ear, as well as incidence and numbers of kernels per ear symptomatically infected by Fusarium spp. were noted. Laboratory studies indicated little difference in mortality or survivor weight of caterpillars or sap beetle adults caged with milk stage kernels of the two inbreds. However, assays with silks indicated significantly greater mortality of H. zea in both 1999 and 2000, and European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) in 1999 (only year tested) when fed Tex6 silks compared with B73 silks. Pollinated Tex6 silks were generally darker colored and more toxic than unpollinated silks. Thus, it is possible that commercially usable inbreds with resistance to insects, which also contribute to the mycotoxin problem through vectoring and damage, could be produced using Tex6 as a source. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Dowd, Patrick F AU - White, Donald C AD - Crop BioProtection Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. dowdpf@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 628 EP - 634 VL - 95 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Pest Control, Biological -- methods KW - Zea mays KW - Moths UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71847307?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Corn+earworm%2C+Helicoverpa+zea+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+and+other+insect+associated+resistance+in+the+maize+inbred+Tex6.&rft.au=Dowd%2C+Patrick+F%3BWhite%2C+Donald+C&rft.aulast=Dowd&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=628&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-26 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sodium chlorate supplementation reduces E. coli O157:H7 populations in cattle. AN - 71846443; 12078750 AB - Cattle are a natural reservoir of the food-borne pathogen Escherichia coli O157:H7. Therefore, strategies that reduce E. coli O157:H7 prior to slaughter will reduce human exposures to this virulent pathogen. When bacteria that can anaerobically respire on nitrate (e.g., E. coli) are exposed to chlorate, they die because the intracellular enzyme nitrate reductase converts nitrate to nitrite, but also co-metabolically reduces chlorate to cytotoxic chlorite. Because chlorate is bactericidal only against nitrate reductase-positive bacteria, it has been suggested that chlorate supplementation be used as a strategy to reduce E. coli O157:H7 populations in cattle prior to harvest. Cattle (n = 8) were fed a feedlot-style high-grain diet experimentally infected with three strains of E. coli O157:H7. Cattle were given access to drinking water supplemented with 2.5 mM KNO3 and 100 mM NaCl (controls; n = 4) or 2.5 mM KNO3 and 100 mM NaClO3 (chlorate-treated; n = 4). Sodium chlorate treatment for 24 h reduced the population of all E. coli O157:H7 strains approximately two logs (10(4) to 10(2)) in the rumen and three logs (10(6) to 10(3)) in the feces. Chlorate treatment reduced total coliforms and generic E. coli from 106 to 10(4) in the rumen and by two logs throughout the rest of the gastrointestinal tract (ileum, cecum, colon, and rectum). Chlorate treatment reduced E. coli O157:H7 counts throughout the intestinal tract but did not alter total culturable anaerobic bacterial counts or the ruminal fermentation pattern. Therefore, it appears that chlorate supplementation is a viable potential strategy to reduce E. coli O157:H7 populations in cattle prior to harvest. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Callaway, T R AU - Anderson, R C AU - Genovese, K J AU - Poole, T L AU - Anderson, T J AU - Byrd, J A AU - Kubena, L F AU - Nisbet, D J AD - Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, College Station, TX 77845, USA. callaway@ffsru.tamu.edu Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 1683 EP - 1689 VL - 80 IS - 6 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Chlorates KW - 0 KW - Herbicides KW - sodium chlorate KW - T95DR77GMR KW - Index Medicus KW - Feces -- microbiology KW - Rumen -- microbiology KW - Disease Reservoirs -- veterinary KW - Animals KW - Random Allocation KW - Digestive System -- microbiology KW - Colony Count, Microbial -- veterinary KW - Female KW - Herbicides -- pharmacology KW - Cattle -- microbiology KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- drug effects KW - Chlorates -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71846443?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Sodium+chlorate+supplementation+reduces+E.+coli+O157%3AH7+populations+in+cattle.&rft.au=Callaway%2C+T+R%3BAnderson%2C+R+C%3BGenovese%2C+K+J%3BPoole%2C+T+L%3BAnderson%2C+T+J%3BByrd%2C+J+A%3BKubena%2C+L+F%3BNisbet%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Callaway&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1683&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-08 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An NADH:quinone oxidoreductase active during biodegradation by the brown-rot basidiomycete Gloeophyllum trabeum. AN - 71763253; 12039722 AB - The brown-rot basidiomycete Gloeophyllum trabeum uses a quinone redox cycle to generate extracellular Fenton reagent, a key component of the biodegradative system expressed by this highly destructive wood decay fungus. The hitherto uncharacterized quinone reductase that drives this cycle is a potential target for inhibitors of wood decay. We have identified the major quinone reductase expressed by G. trabeum under conditions that elicit high levels of quinone redox cycling. The enzyme comprises two identical 22-kDa subunits, each with one molecule of flavin mononucleotide. It is specific for NADH as the reductant and uses the quinones produced by G. trabeum (2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone and 4,5-dimethoxy-1,2-benzoquinone) as electron acceptors. The affinity of the reductase for these quinones is so high that precise kinetic parameters were not obtainable, but it is clear that k(cat)/K(m) for the quinones is greater than 10(8) M(-1) s(-1). The reductase is encoded by a gene with substantial similarity to NAD(P)H:quinone reductase genes from other fungi. The G. trabeum quinone reductase may function in quinone detoxification, a role often proposed for these enzymes, but we hypothesize that the fungus has recruited it to drive extracellular oxyradical production. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Jensen Jr, Kenneth A AU - Ryan, Zachary C AU - Vanden Wymelenberg, Amber AU - Cullen, Daniel AU - Hammel, Kenneth E AD - Institute for Microbial and Biochemical Technology, USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA. Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 2699 EP - 2703 VL - 68 IS - 6 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Quinone Reductases KW - EC 1.6.99.- KW - NADH dehydrogenase (quinone) KW - EC 1.6.99.5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sequence Analysis, Protein KW - Kinetics KW - Subcellular Fractions KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Polyporaceae -- enzymology KW - Quinone Reductases -- isolation & purification KW - Plant Diseases -- microbiology KW - Quinone Reductases -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71763253?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=An+NADH%3Aquinone+oxidoreductase+active+during+biodegradation+by+the+brown-rot+basidiomycete+Gloeophyllum+trabeum.&rft.au=Jensen+Jr%2C+Kenneth+A%3BRyan%2C+Zachary+C%3BVanden+Wymelenberg%2C+Amber%3BCullen%2C+Daniel%3BHammel%2C+Kenneth+E&rft.aulast=Jensen+Jr&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2699&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-22 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2000 Jan;66(1):170-5 [10618219] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2000 Jun;66(6):2479-83 [10831427] Plant J. 2001 Feb;25(4):375-87 [11260494] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2001 Jun;67(6):2705-11 [11375184] Med Mycol. 1999 Apr;37(2):115-21 [10361267] Arch Biochem Biophys. 1996 Jul 1;331(1):31-40 [8660680] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Sep 1;95(18):10373-7 [9724710] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1999 Feb;65(2):415-21 [9925562] FEBS Lett. 1999 Mar 5;446(1):49-54 [10100613] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2001 Aug;67(8):3636-44 [11472941] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Persistence and reversibility of the elevation in free sphingoid bases induced by fumonisin inhibition of ceramide synthase. AN - 71688638; 12011476 AB - These studies determined (1) the time course for sphingoid base elevation in the small intestines, liver, and kidney of mice following a single 25 mg/kg body weight (bw) oral dose (high dose) of fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)), (2) the minimum threshold dose of FB(1) that would prolong the elevated sphingoid base concentration in kidney following the single high dose, and (3) the importance of the balance between the rate of sphingoid base biosynthesis and degradation in the persistence of sphingoid base accumulation. Following the high dose of FB(1), there was an increase in sphinganine in intestinal cells and liver that peaked at 4 to 12 h and declined to near the control level by 48 h. In kidney, sphinganine peaked at 6-12 h but remained elevated until 72 h, approaching control levels at 96-120 h. Oral administration of 0.03 mg FB(1)/kg bw (low dose) for 5 days had no effect on the sphingoid bases in kidney. However, following an initial high dose, daily administration of the low dose prolonged the elevation in kidney sphinganine compared to mice receiving a single high dose. Thus, a single exposure to a high dose of FB(1) followed by daily exposure at low levels will prolong the elevation of sphinganine in kidney. In cultured renal cells FB(1) was rapidly eliminated, but elevated sphinganine was persistent. This persistence in renal cells was rapidly reversed in the presence of the serine palmitoyltransferase inhibitor (ISP-1), indicating that the persistence was due to differences in the rates of sphinganine biosynthesis and degradation. The in vivo persistence in kidney may be due to similar differences. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Enongene, E N AU - Sharma, R P AU - Bhandari, N AU - Miller, J D AU - Meredith, F I AU - Voss, K A AU - Riley, R T AD - Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, R. B. Russell Research Center, USDA/ARS, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30604-5677, USA. Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 173 EP - 181 VL - 67 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Carboxylic Acids KW - 0 KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Oxidoreductases KW - EC 1.- KW - dihydroceramide desaturase KW - EC 1.3.1.- KW - Acyltransferases KW - EC 2.3.- KW - Serine C-Palmitoyltransferase KW - EC 2.3.1.50 KW - Sphingosine KW - NGZ37HRE42 KW - thermozymocidin KW - YRM4E8R9ST KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated -- pharmacology KW - Kidney -- metabolism KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Intestine, Small -- metabolism KW - Kidney -- drug effects KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - LLC-PK1 Cells -- metabolism KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Intestine, Small -- drug effects KW - Acyltransferases -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Male KW - LLC-PK1 Cells -- drug effects KW - Mycotoxins -- administration & dosage KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- administration & dosage KW - Carboxylic Acids -- administration & dosage KW - Sphingosine -- metabolism KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- toxicity KW - Oxidoreductases -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Sphingosine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity KW - Carboxylic Acids -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71688638?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Persistence+and+reversibility+of+the+elevation+in+free+sphingoid+bases+induced+by+fumonisin+inhibition+of+ceramide+synthase.&rft.au=Enongene%2C+E+N%3BSharma%2C+R+P%3BBhandari%2C+N%3BMiller%2C+J+D%3BMeredith%2C+F+I%3BVoss%2C+K+A%3BRiley%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Enongene&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-10 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A potential biodegradable rubber--Viscoelastic properties of a soybean oil-based composite AN - 21320787; 12035325 AB - Scientists are more and more interested in biodegradable materials owing to their environmental advantage. We investigated viscoelastic properties of a newly developed biomaterial made from epoxidized soybean oil (ESO). ESO cross-linked by triethylene glycol diamine exhibited viscoelastic solid properties. The storage modulus (G') was 2X10 Pa over four frequency decades. The phase angles were 14--18°. Stress relaxation measurements showed that there was no relaxation up to 500 s. From the plateau modulus we estimated that the M.W. of this cross-linked soybean oil was on the order of 10. The composites of cross-linked ESO with three different fibers had 50 times higher elasticity (G') than those without fiber. Phase shifts were the same as those of cross-linked oil without fibers, but the linear range of rheological properties was much narrower than that of the material without fibers. All these results indicated that this new biopolymer made from soybean oil exhibited strong viscoelastic solid properties similar to synthetic rubbers. These rheological properties implied that this biomaterial has high potential to replace some of the synthetic rubber and/or plastics. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Xu, Jingyuan AU - Liu, Zengshe AU - Erhan, Sevim Z AU - Carriere, Craig J AD - Cereal Products and Food Science Research, NCAUR, ARS, USDA, 1815 N. University St., 60604 Peoria, IL, xuj@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 593 EP - 596 PB - American Oil Chemists' Society Press, 1608 Broadmoor Dr Champaign IL 61826-3489 USA VL - 79 IS - 6 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Oil KW - Fibers KW - Biomaterials KW - Biopolymers KW - Rubber KW - Stress KW - triethylene glycol KW - Plastics KW - viscoelasticity KW - Phase shift KW - Soybeans KW - W 30920:Tissue Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21320787?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=A+potential+biodegradable+rubber--Viscoelastic+properties+of+a+soybean+oil-based+composite&rft.au=Xu%2C+Jingyuan%3BLiu%2C+Zengshe%3BErhan%2C+Sevim+Z%3BCarriere%2C+Craig+J&rft.aulast=Xu&rft.aufirst=Jingyuan&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=593&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11746-002-0528-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oil; Fibers; Biopolymers; Biomaterials; Stress; Rubber; triethylene glycol; Plastics; Phase shift; viscoelasticity; Soybeans DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-002-0528-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simulating grass productivity on diverse range sites in Texas AN - 20671935; 5429295 AB - Simulation models addressing soil erosion and water quality issues on range sites should realistically simulate grass dry matter yields across a wide diversity of soils and climate regimes. This study was designed to evaluate the ability of the ALMANAC (Agricultural Land Management Alternatives with Numerical Assessment Criteria) model to simulate annual range grass biomass production under diverse climatic conditions and soils in Texas. The objective was to compare range grass production at rangeland ecological sites, as reported in the U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service ((USDA NRCS) soil surveys, with production simulated by ALMANAC using the most common grasses for each site. The model was run with 60 years of daily weather data on 20 different soils from a diverse set of sites in Texas. The weather data was from seven sites. Model inputs included parameters for the soil series, grass species characteristics, and locally measured climate data. After allowing 10 years for the model to equilibrate, means for simulated production for the sites for the next 50 years were similar to reported means. Simulated production in high rainfall years and low rainfall years were also similar to reported values. The soils, climate, and grass parameter data sets developed here can be useful starting points for deriving data for additional range sites, giving model users examples of realistic input data. The model shows promise as a tool for realistically simulating grass production on a diverse group of soils and in diverse climatic conditions. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Kiniry, J R AU - Sanchez, H AU - Greenwade, J AU - Seidensticker, E AU - Bell, J R AU - Pringle, F AU - Peacock, G Jr AU - Rives, J AD - USDA NRCS in Temple, TX, USA Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 144 EP - 150 VL - 57 IS - 3 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - USA, Texas KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Meteorological Data Collection KW - water quality KW - Geographical distribution KW - Resource management KW - Grasses KW - Rainfall KW - Water conservation KW - Climatic changes KW - dry matter KW - climatic conditions KW - Soil erosion KW - Water quality KW - Soil KW - Erosion Control KW - Weather KW - Mathematical models KW - Resource conservation KW - agriculture KW - Simulation KW - Vegetation Effects KW - agricultural land KW - Model Studies KW - Grasslands KW - Rangelands KW - Soil Conservation KW - Comparison Studies KW - Natural resources KW - soil surveys KW - Conservation KW - Soil Erosion KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20671935?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Simulating+grass+productivity+on+diverse+range+sites+in+Texas&rft.au=Kiniry%2C+J+R%3BSanchez%2C+H%3BGreenwade%2C+J%3BSeidensticker%2C+E%3BBell%2C+J+R%3BPringle%2C+F%3BPeacock%2C+G+Jr%3BRives%2C+J&rft.aulast=Kiniry&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=144&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Resource management; Geographical distribution; Mathematical models; Resource conservation; Water conservation; Climatic changes; Soil erosion; Water quality; Weather; water quality; Grasses; Rainfall; agriculture; dry matter; Simulation; climatic conditions; agricultural land; Soil; Rangelands; Natural resources; soil surveys; Conservation; Meteorological Data Collection; Grasslands; Erosion Control; Comparison Studies; Soil Conservation; Vegetation Effects; Soil Erosion; Model Studies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of hypericins and hyperforin in Hypericum perforatum L. in response to biotic and chemical elicitors AN - 20097040; 5465396 AB - Hypericum perforatum L. produces hyperforins, a family of antimicrobial acylphloroglucinols; and hypericins, a family of phototoxic anthraquinones exhibiting anti-microbial, anti-viral, and anti-herbivore properties in vitro. To determine whether these secondary metabolites are part of the specific plant defense systems that are mediated by methyl jasmonate or salicylic acid, we used meristem cultures to assess the effects of exposure to exogenous application of these chemical elicitors. Levels of hypericins in plant tissue increased in response to both elicitor treatments; total hypericin levels increased as much as 3.3 times control levels when treated with 200 mu methyl jasmonate for 14 days. Increased hyperforin concentrations were detected when plantlets were treated with 1 m salicylic acid or 50 mu methyl jasmonate. For assessing responses to a biotic elicitor, greenhouse-grown plant materials were inoculated with the plant pathogen, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Levels of hypericins increased twice as much as the control when inoculated with 1 x 10 super(4) spores per ml; higher doses of spores overwhelmed the plant defenses. The elevation of hypericins and hyperforin in response to chemical and biotic elicitors suggests that these secondary metabolites are components in the inducible plant defense responses of H. perforatum. Copyright Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. JF - Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology AU - Sirvent, T AU - Gibson, D AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Plant Protection Research Unit, U.S. Plant, Soil, and Nutrition Laboratory, Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14583, U.S.A. Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 311 EP - 320 PB - Academic Press VL - 60 IS - 6 SN - 0885-5765, 0885-5765 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Meristems KW - anthraquinone KW - Hypericin KW - Methyl jasmonate KW - Pathogens KW - Salicylic acid KW - Antimicrobial agents KW - Hypericum perforatum KW - Plantlets KW - Colletotrichum gloeosporioides KW - Antiviral agents KW - Secondary metabolites KW - Spores KW - A 01360:Plant Diseases KW - V 22340:Antiviral Agents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20097040?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physiological+and+Molecular+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Induction+of+hypericins+and+hyperforin+in+Hypericum+perforatum+L.+in+response+to+biotic+and+chemical+elicitors&rft.au=Sirvent%2C+T%3BGibson%2C+D&rft.aulast=Sirvent&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=311&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Physiological+and+Molecular+Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=08855765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fpmpp.2002.0410 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Plantlets; Meristems; Antiviral agents; anthraquinone; Methyl jasmonate; Hypericin; Secondary metabolites; Pathogens; Spores; Salicylic acid; Antimicrobial agents; Hypericum perforatum; Colletotrichum gloeosporioides DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/pmpp.2002.0410 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Riparian zone impact on phosphorus movement to a Coastal Plain black water stream AN - 19936616; 5429293 AB - Riparian zones are an important conservation practice because they can decrease the entry of sediments and nutrients into sensitive aquatic ecosystems. We evaluated the effectiveness of a Coastal Plain riparian zone in decreasing the movement of phosphorus (P) into a black water stream from an overloaded swine manure spray field. Soil P concentrations (Mehlich 3 P, M3P; and total P, TP) were measured in a spray field, grass strip, mid-riparian, and stream edge continuum. Dissolved P (DP) was measured in ground water wells located in the spray field, grass strip, and stream edge and in in-stream grab samples. The spray field and grass strip areas had high soil M3P concentrations. Low M3P concentrations were detected in soils in the mid-riparian and stream edge areas, indicating effective retention of P by the grass strip area. Elevated DP concentrations were detected in the spray field and grass strip wells, while stream edge wells were low. The riparian zone contributed to decreased DP concentrations between the grass strip and stream edge wells. Furthermore, stream grab samples were consistently low in DP concentrations. We conclude that a riparian zone can effectively limit the movement of P-enriched sediments and prevent DP-enriched ground water from entering a local stream, even in a heavily loaded situation. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Novak, J M AU - Hunt, P G AU - Stone, K C AU - Watts, D W AU - Johnson, M H AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Coastal Plains Research Center (CPRC) in Florence, SC, USA Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 127 EP - 133 VL - 57 IS - 3 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agricultural Runoff KW - Manure KW - Path of Pollutants KW - Grasses KW - Coastal Waters KW - Water conservation KW - Phosphorus KW - Streams KW - Soil KW - Riparian Land KW - Riparian environments KW - plains KW - Animal wastes KW - Riparian zone KW - Sprays KW - Grabs KW - Nonpoint Pollution Sources KW - Sediments KW - nutrients KW - Coastal zone KW - Spray KW - Conservation KW - Water wells KW - Groundwater KW - aquatic ecosystems KW - Q2 09264:Sediments and sedimentation KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19936616?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Riparian+zone+impact+on+phosphorus+movement+to+a+Coastal+Plain+black+water+stream&rft.au=Novak%2C+J+M%3BHunt%2C+P+G%3BStone%2C+K+C%3BWatts%2C+D+W%3BJohnson%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Novak&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coastal zone; Manure; Riparian zone; Water conservation; Spray; Grabs; Phosphorus; Animal wastes; Grasses; Sprays; Streams; Sediments; Soil; nutrients; Riparian environments; Water wells; Conservation; plains; aquatic ecosystems; Groundwater; Agricultural Runoff; Path of Pollutants; Coastal Waters; Riparian Land; Nonpoint Pollution Sources ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A biogeochemistry-based dynamic vegetation model and its application along a moisture gradient in the continental United States AN - 19767855; 5673296 AB - We develop and evaluate a large-scale dynamic vegetation model, TEM-LPJ, which considers interactions among water, light and nitrogen in simulating ecosystem function and structure. We parameterized the model for three plant functional types (PFTs): a temperate deciduous forest, a temperate coniferous forest, and a temperate C3 grassland. Model parameters were determined using data from forest stands at the Harvard Forest in Massachusetts. Applications of the model reasonably simulated stand development over 120 yr for Populus tremuloides in Wisconsin and for Pinus elliottii in Florida. Our evaluation of tree-grass interactions simulated by the model indicated that competition for light led to dominance by the deciduous forest PFT in moist regions of eastern United States and that water competition led to dominance by the grass PFT in dry regions of the central United States. Along a moisture transect at 41.5 degree N in the eastern United States, simulations by TEM-LPJ reproduced the composition of potential temperate deciduous forest, temperate savanna, and C3 grassland located along the transect. double prime bbreviations: DGVM = Dynamic global vegetation models; LPJ = Lund-Potsdam-Jena; TEM = Terrestrial Ecosystem Model; VEMAP = Vegetation Ecosystem Modeling and Analysis Project; WBM = Water Balance Model. JF - Journal of Vegetation Science AU - Pan, Y AU - McGuire, AD AU - Melillo, J M AU - Kicklighter, D W AU - Sitch, S AU - Prentice, I C AD - USDA Forest Service, 11 Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073, USA, ypan@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 369 EP - 382 PB - International Association of Vegetation Science VL - 13 IS - 3 SN - 1100-9233, 1100-9233 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Water balance KW - Grasslands KW - Data processing KW - Pinus elliottii KW - Structure-function relationships KW - Vegetation KW - Competition KW - Populus tremuloides KW - Nitrogen KW - Dominance KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19767855?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Vegetation+Science&rft.atitle=A+biogeochemistry-based+dynamic+vegetation+model+and+its+application+along+a+moisture+gradient+in+the+continental+United+States&rft.au=Pan%2C+Y%3BMcGuire%2C+AD%3BMelillo%2C+J+M%3BKicklighter%2C+D+W%3BSitch%2C+S%3BPrentice%2C+I+C&rft.aulast=Pan&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=369&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Vegetation+Science&rft.issn=11009233&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F1100-9233%282002%29013%280369%3AABBDVM%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=1100-9233&volume=13&page=369 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus elliottii; Populus tremuloides; Vegetation; Dominance; Grasslands; Competition; Structure-function relationships; Nitrogen; Data processing; Water balance DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/1100-9233(2002)013(0369:ABBDVM)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - MODULATION OF ADIPOCYTE DETERMINATION AND DIFFERENTIATION-DEPENDENT FACTOR 1 BY SELECTED POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS AN - 19335248; 8696204 AB - The transcription factor, sterol regulatory binding protein 1c (also called adipocyte determination and differentiation-dependent factor 1), stimulates transcription of the messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs) for lipid synthesis enzymes. Hepatic ADD1 transcripts are reduced by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The ADD1 transcripts are expressed to a considerable extent in porcine adipocytes. Consequently, it was of interest to examine the effects of several PUFAs on ADD1 in a tissue wherein several long-chain fatty acids (FAs) increase adipocyte differentiation. The effects of arachidonic acid (C20:4), docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6), and cis 9, trans 11-conjugated linoleic acid (9,11-CLA) on differentiating preadipocyte ADD1 mRNA and protein and on preadipocyte differentiation were determined. Porcine stromal-vascular cells were plated in serum-containing medium and differentiated in serum-free medium containing insulin, hydrocortisone, and transferrin plus or minus an individual FA. After 24-h differentiation plus or minus FA, plates were stained with Oil Red O as an indicator of differentiation or total RNA was extracted or a nuclear fraction was isolated for protein measurement. Addition of C20:4 or 9,11-CLA increased the number of Oil Red O-stained cells or the Oil Red O-stained material, whereas C22:6 did not. Addition of C20:4, C22:6, or 9,11-CLA decreased the concentration of the mRNA and protein for ADD1. Thus, although all three FAs decreased the ADD1 mRNA and protein concentrations, C20:4 and 9,11-CLA increased differentiation, measured by Oil Red O staining, whereas C22:6 did not. The data suggest that the regulation of differentiation and mRNAs by individual FAs may involve distinct mechanisms. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal AU - Ding, Shih-Torng AU - McNeel, Ronald L AU - Mersmann, Harry J AD - USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030-2600 (S.-T. D., R. L. M., H. J. M.) and Department of Animal Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC (S.-T. D.), mersmann@bcm.tmc.edu Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 352 EP - 357 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. VL - 38 IS - 6 SN - 1071-2690, 1071-2690 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - adipocyte differentiation KW - conjugated linoleic acid KW - polyunsaturated fatty acids KW - lipoprotein lipase KW - porcine KW - ADD1 KW - PPARγ C/EBP alpha KW - Hydrocortisone KW - Data processing KW - Lipids KW - Preadipocytes KW - Arachidonic acid KW - Enzymes KW - Transcription KW - Insulin KW - Oil KW - Differentiation KW - Docosahexaenoic acid KW - serum-free medium KW - Transferrin KW - Fas antigen KW - Sterols KW - Adipocytes KW - Transcription factors KW - Fatty acids KW - Liver KW - CD95 antigen KW - Polyunsaturated fatty acids KW - Linoleic acid KW - W 30925:Genetic Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19335248?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.atitle=MODULATION+OF+ADIPOCYTE+DETERMINATION+AND+DIFFERENTIATION-DEPENDENT+FACTOR+1+BY+SELECTED+POLYUNSATURATED+FATTY+ACIDS&rft.au=Ding%2C+Shih-Torng%3BMcNeel%2C+Ronald+L%3BMersmann%2C+Harry+J&rft.aulast=Ding&rft.aufirst=Shih-Torng&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=352&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.issn=10712690&rft_id=info:doi/10.1290%2F1071-2690%282002%290382.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Data processing; Hydrocortisone; Lipids; Preadipocytes; Transcription; Enzymes; Arachidonic acid; Insulin; Oil; Differentiation; Transferrin; serum-free medium; Docosahexaenoic acid; Sterols; Fas antigen; Transcription factors; Adipocytes; Liver; Fatty acids; Polyunsaturated fatty acids; CD95 antigen; Linoleic acid DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1290/1071-2690(2002)038<0352:MOADAD>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - O sub(3) uptake and drought stress effects on carbon acquisition of ponderosa pine in natural stands AN - 18927357; 5523860 AB - The effect of O sub(3) exposure or uptake on carbon acquisition (net assimilation (A) or gross photosynthesis (P sub(g))), with and without drought stress, is reported here in 40-yr-old-ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) trees. Maximum daily gas exchange was measured monthly for 12 trees at four sites differing in pollutant exposure over two growing seasons with above- and below-average annual precipitation. Gas exchange measures were estimated between sampling periods using a generalized additive regression model. Both A and P sub(g) generally declined with cumulative O sub(3) exposure or uptake at all sites. As a response variable, P sub(g) was slightly more sensitive than A to cumulative O sub(3) exposure. As a metric, O sub(3) uptake vs exposure permitted slightly better statistical resolution of seasonal response between sites. The effect of late summer drought stress was statistically significant only at the moderate pollution site, and combined synergistically with O sub(3) exposure or uptake to reduce P sub(g). The general additive model allows the user to define a deleterious level of cumulative O sub(3) exposure or uptake, and to quantitatively assess biological response. JF - New Phytologist AU - Grulke, N E AU - Preisler, H K AU - Rose, C AU - Kirsch, J AU - Balduman, L AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 4955 Canyon Crest Drive, Riverside, CA 92507, USA, ngrulke@deltanet.com Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 621 EP - 631 VL - 154 IS - 3 SN - 0028-646X, 0028-646X KW - Ponderosa Pine KW - ozone KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Gas exchange KW - Photosynthesis KW - Pinus ponderosa KW - Carbon cycle KW - Assimilation KW - Droughts KW - D 04635:Conifers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18927357?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Phytologist&rft.atitle=O+sub%283%29+uptake+and+drought+stress+effects+on+carbon+acquisition+of+ponderosa+pine+in+natural+stands&rft.au=Grulke%2C+N+E%3BPreisler%2C+H+K%3BRose%2C+C%3BKirsch%2C+J%3BBalduman%2C+L&rft.aulast=Grulke&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=154&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=621&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+Phytologist&rft.issn=0028646X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1469-8137.2002.00403.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gas exchange; Photosynthesis; Assimilation; Carbon cycle; Droughts; Pinus ponderosa DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00403.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of Escherichia coli serogroups and human virulence factors in faeces of urban Canada geese (Branta canadensis) AN - 18924501; 5534999 AB - This was the first study to exhaustively characterize the prevalence of Escherichia coli sero-groups in any wildlife species. Faecal samples from Canada geese (Branta canadensis) were collected over a single year in Fort Collins, Colorado, USA. The overall prevalence for E. coli ranged from 2% during the coldest time of the year to 94% during the warmest months of the year. During the time of year when nonmigratory geese dominated the local goose population (March-July) the prevalence of enterotoxogenic (ETEC) forms of E. coli was 13.0%. The prevalence of enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) forms was 6.0%, while prevalence for enteroinvasive (EIEC) and enteroagglomerative (EAEC) forms was 4.6 and 1.3%, respectively, during the same period. We also examined all samples positive for E. coli for genes coding for virulence factors, including: SLT-I, SLT-II, eae, hly-A, K1, LT, STa, STb, CNF1, and CNF2. Three isolates were positive for human virulence factors, representing a 2% prevalence for faeces containing potential human toxins. Genes for STa were isolated from ETEC strains O-8 and O-167, while the gene for K1 was isolated from an O-8 (ETEC) serogroup. These data will prove useful in focusing attention on the risks that increasing populations of urban Canada geese pose to public health. JF - International Journal of Environmental Health Research AU - Kullas, H AU - Coles, M AU - Rhyan, J AU - Clark, L AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Health Inspection Service, National Wildlife Research Centre, 4101 La Porte Ave., Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 153 EP - 162 VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 0960-3123, 0960-3123 KW - Canada goose KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Human diseases KW - Pathogenic bacteria KW - Abundance KW - Toxicity KW - Strains KW - Public health KW - Faecal pellets KW - Virulence KW - Serological studies KW - USA, Colorado, Fort Collins KW - Genes KW - Branta canadensis KW - Escherichia coli KW - Aquatic birds KW - Q1 08205:Genetics and evolution KW - Q1 08361:General KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18924501?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Environmental+Health+Research&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+Escherichia+coli+serogroups+and+human+virulence+factors+in+faeces+of+urban+Canada+geese+%28Branta+canadensis%29&rft.au=Kullas%2C+H%3BColes%2C+M%3BRhyan%2C+J%3BClark%2C+L&rft.aulast=Kullas&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Environmental+Health+Research&rft.issn=09603123&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F09603120220129319 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Virulence; Faecal pellets; Human diseases; Serological studies; Genes; Pathogenic bacteria; Abundance; Toxicity; Strains; Aquatic birds; Public health; Branta canadensis; Escherichia coli; USA, Colorado, Fort Collins DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09603120220129319 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydraulic redistribution of soil water by neotropical savanna trees AN - 18913217; 5427071 AB - The magnitude and direction of water transport by the roots of eight dominant Brazilian savanna (Cerrado) woody species were determined with a heat pulse system that allowed bidirectional measurements of sap flow. The patterns of sap flow observed during the dry season in species with dimorphic root systems were consistent with the occurrence of hydraulic redistribution of soil water, the movement of water from moist to drier regions of the soil profile via plant roots. In these species, shallow roots exhibited positive sap flow (from the soil into the plant) during the day and negative sap flow (from the plant into the soil) during the night. Sap flow in the taproots was positive throughout the 24-h period. Diel fluctuations in soil water potential, with maximum values occurring at night, provided evidence for partial rewetting of upper soil layers by water released from shallow roots. In other species, shallow roots exhibited negative sap flow during both the day and night, indicating that hydraulic redistribution was occurring continuously. A third sap flow pattern was observed at the end of the dry season after a heavy rainfall event when sap flow became negative in the taproot, and positive in the small roots, indicating movement of water from upper soil layers into shallow roots, and then into taproots and deeper soil layers. Experimental manipulations employed to evaluate the response of hydraulic redistribution to changes in plant and environmental conditions included watering the soil surface above shallow roots, decreasing transpiration by covering the plant and cutting roots where probes were inserted. Natural and manipulated patterns of sap flow in roots and stems were consistent with passive movement of water toward competing sinks in the soil and plant. Because dry shallow soil layers were often a stronger sink than the shoot, we suggest that the presence of a dimorphic root system in deciduous species may play a role in facilitating leaf expansion near the end of the dry season when the soil surrounding shallow lateral roots is still dry. JF - Tree Physiology AU - Scholz, F G AU - Bucci, S J AU - Goldstein, G AU - Meinzer, F C AU - Franco, A C AD - USDA Forest Service, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA, fmeinzer@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 603 EP - 612 VL - 22 IS - 9 SN - 0829-318X, 0829-318X KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water Transport KW - Soil Water Potential KW - Sinks KW - Soil Properties KW - Soil Water KW - Transpiration KW - Flow Pattern KW - Hydraulic Properties KW - Soil Surfaces KW - Soil Profile KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18913217?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tree+Physiology&rft.atitle=Hydraulic+redistribution+of+soil+water+by+neotropical+savanna+trees&rft.au=Scholz%2C+F+G%3BBucci%2C+S+J%3BGoldstein%2C+G%3BMeinzer%2C+F+C%3BFranco%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Scholz&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=603&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tree+Physiology&rft.issn=0829318X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil Water Potential; Water Transport; Sinks; Soil Water; Soil Properties; Transpiration; Flow Pattern; Soil Profile; Soil Surfaces; Hydraulic Properties ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Red-Cockaded Woodpecker Foraging Behavior In Relation To Midstory Vegetation AN - 18625062; 5536573 AB - Red-cockaded Woodpeckers (Picoides borealis) nest and forage in pine-dominated forests. Research indicates that substantial hardwood midstory encroachment is detrimental to Red-cockaded Woodpecker populations, although the exact mechanisms are unknown. We examined foraging behavior in relation to midstory between August 1989 and February 1990. Red-cockaded Woodpeckers foraged at greater heights in areas of taller and denser midstory in the loblolly-shortleaf pine (Pinus taeda and P. echinata, respectively) habitat, but not in longleaf pine (P. palustris) habitat with less-developed midstory vegetation than typical of loblolly-shortleaf pine habitat. In addition, Red-cockaded Woodpeckers concentrated foraging activities in or adjacent to forest stands or openings with reduced midstory vegetation. Overall, Red-cockaded Woodpeckers foraged disproportionately at heights and sites that minimized their exposure to dense midstory conditions. These results suggest that ecosystem management, preferably using prescribed fire, that reduces midstory vegetation will improve foraging habitat for Red-cockaded Woodpeckers. JF - Wilson Bulletin AU - Rudolph, D C AU - Conner, R N AU - Schaefer, R R AD - Wildlife Habitat and Silviculture Lab. and the Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA, crudolph01@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 235 EP - 242 PB - The Wilson Ornithological Society VL - 114 IS - 2 SN - 0043-5643, 0043-5643 KW - Red-cockaded woodpecker KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25496:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18625062?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Red-Cockaded+Woodpecker+Foraging+Behavior+In+Relation+To+Midstory+Vegetation&rft.au=Rudolph%2C+D+C%3BConner%2C+R+N%3BSchaefer%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Rudolph&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.issn=00435643&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0043-5643%282002%29114%280235%3ARCWFBI%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0043-5643(2002)114(0235:RCWFBI)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The study of detachment and deposition on a hillslope using a magnetic tracer AN - 18611586; 5492063 AB - Soil erosion by water involves the processes of detachment, transport and deposition of soil materials by the erosive forces of raindrops and surface flow of water. The redistribution of sediment within a field-sized area is important in estimating the effect of erosion and deposition on productivity, in helping the conservation planner to target efforts to reduce erosion, and to evaluate erosion models. The objective of this study was to use a magnetic tracer, with size and density similar to soil aggregates, to study detachment and deposition on a hillslope. Two interconnected plots were established on a hillslope. Two rainfall intensities (35 and 70 mm h super(-1)) combined with two different inflow rates (4 and 10 1 min super(-1)) were applied to the upper of the two plots. No rain or water was applied to the lower plot, which was used to study the deposition of eroded sediments from the upper plot. A 5% concentration of magnetic tracer was placed in the upper plot and mixed to depth of 3 cm. From this initial condition, areas of tracer detachment and deposition were identified using a magnetic sensor. Areas of detachment were associated with a decrease in magnetic signal, while areas of deposition were associated with an increase in the magnetic signal. In the lower plot, deposition of tracer correlated well with the magnetic susceptibility readings. Results indicated that the tracer was effective for identifying areas of net detachment and deposition, however, the tracer to soil ratio did not remain constant for all treatments. For this reason, a wider range of sizes and densities of the tracer should be tested if the method is to be useful to quantify erosion rates. JF - Catena AU - Ventura, E AU - Nearing, MA AU - Amore, E AU - Norton, L D AD - USDA-ARS-National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory, 1196 Soil Building, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1196, USA Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 149 EP - 161 VL - 48 IS - 3 SN - 0341-8162, 0341-8162 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Sediment Transport KW - Tracers KW - Erosion KW - Slopes KW - Rainfall Intensity KW - Sediments KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18611586?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Catena&rft.atitle=The+study+of+detachment+and+deposition+on+a+hillslope+using+a+magnetic+tracer&rft.au=Ventura%2C+E%3BNearing%2C+MA%3BAmore%2C+E%3BNorton%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Ventura&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Catena&rft.issn=03418162&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0341-8162%2802%2900003-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sediment Transport; Tracers; Erosion; Slopes; Rainfall Intensity; Sediments DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0341-8162(02)00003-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Behavior of Listeria monocytogenes Inoculated on Cantaloupe Surfaces and Efficacy of Washing Treatments To Reduce Transfer from Rind to Fresh-Cut Pieces AN - 18606736; 5509866 AB - Attachment and survival of Listeria monocytogenes on external surfaces (rind) of inoculated cantaloupe, resistance of the surviving bacteria to chlorine or hydrogen peroxide treatments, transfer of the pathogen from unsanitized and sanitized rinds to fresh-cut tissues during cutting and growth, and survival of L. monocytogenes on fresh-cut pieces of cantaloupe were investigated. Surface treatment with 70% ethanol to reduce the native microflora on treated melon, followed by immersion in a four-strain cocktail of L. monocytogenes (10 super(8) CFU/ml) for 10 min, deposited 4.2 log sub(10) CFU/cm super(2) and 3.5 log sub(10) CFU/cm super(2) of L. monocytogenes on treated and untreated cantaloupe rinds, respectively. L. monocytogenes survived on the treated or untreated cantaloupe rinds for up to 15 days during storage at 4 and 20 degree C, but populations declined by approximately 1 to 2 log sub(10) CFU/cm super(2). Fresh-cut pieces prepared from inoculated whole cantaloupes stored at 4 degree C for 24 h after inoculation were positive for L. monocytogenes. Washing inoculated whole cantaloupes in solutions containing 1,000 ppm of chlorine or 5% hydrogen peroxide for 2 min at 1 to 15 days of storage at 4 degree C after inoculation resulted in a 2.0- to 3.5-log reduction in L. monocytogenes on the melon surface. Fresh-cut pieces prepared from the sanitized melons were negative for L. monocytogenes. After direct inoculation onto fresh-cut pieces, L. monocytogenes survived, but did not grow, during 15 days of storage at 4 degree C. Growth was evident by 4 h of storage at 8 and 20 degree C. It is concluded that sanitizing with chlorine or hydrogen peroxide has the potential to reduce or eliminate the transfer of L. monocytogenes on melon surfaces to fresh-cut pieces during cutting. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Ukuku, DO AU - Fett, W AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 924 EP - 930 VL - 65 IS - 6 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - ethanol KW - hydrogen peroxide KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18606736?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Behavior+of+Listeria+monocytogenes+Inoculated+on+Cantaloupe+Surfaces+and+Efficacy+of+Washing+Treatments+To+Reduce+Transfer+from+Rind+to+Fresh-Cut+Pieces&rft.au=Ukuku%2C+DO%3BFett%2C+W&rft.aulast=Ukuku&rft.aufirst=DO&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=924&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production, purification and properties of xylanase from a newly isolated Fusarium proliferatum AN - 18602145; 5459258 AB - Fusarium proliferatum (NRRL 26517), was isolated by screening soil samples surrounding decaying corn and wood using corn fibre xylan as carbon source. The extracellular xylanase from this fungal strain was purified 975-fold to homogeneity from the culture supernatant by ammonium sulphate treatment, DEAE Bio-Gel A column chromatography, octyl-Sepharose column chromatography and Bio-gel A-0.5 m gel filtration. The purified xylanase (specific activity 591 U mg super(-1) protein) was a monomeric glycoprotein with a molecular weight (MW) of 22 400 as determined by SDS-PAGE. The optimum pH and temperature for the action of the enzyme were at 5.0-5.5 and 55 degree C, respectively. The purified xylanase was fully stable at pH 5.0-7.5 and temperature up to 55 degree C. It hydrolyzed a variety of xylan substrates mainly to xylobiose and higher short-chain xylooligosaccharides. No xylose was formed. The enzyme did not require metal ions for activity and stability. JF - Process Biochemistry AU - Saha, B C AD - Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604, USA, sahabc@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 1279 EP - 1284 VL - 37 IS - 11 SN - 0032-9592, 0032-9592 KW - ammonium sulfate KW - characterization KW - production KW - purification KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - K 03020:Fungi KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18602145?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Process+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Production%2C+purification+and+properties+of+xylanase+from+a+newly+isolated+Fusarium+proliferatum&rft.au=Saha%2C+B+C&rft.aulast=Saha&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Process+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00329592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution and abundance of the Rio Grande sucker in the Carson and Santa Fe National Forests, New Mexico AN - 18468880; 5435263 AB - Rio Grande sucker (Catostomus plebeius) was once common in the Rio Grande basin; however, its current status in New Mexico is unknown. We surveyed 20 streams for Rio Grande sucker in the Carson and Santa Fe National Forests in northern New Mexico. Rio Grande sucker were found in 3 streams on the Carson National Forest. In 2 of these streams Rio Grande sucker co-occurred with white sucker (Catostomus commersoni). On the Santa Fe National Forest, Rio Grande sucker occupied 11 streams in the Jemez River drainage and 2 streams in the Chama River drainage. Rio Grande sucker co-occurred with white sucker in 1 of the 2 streams draining into the Chama River drainage. The abundance of Rio Grande sucker was inversely proportional to stream gradient. JF - Southwestern Naturalist AU - Calamusso, B AU - Rinne, J N AU - Turner, PR AD - United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, The Southwest Forest Science Complex, Flagstaff, AZ 86701, USA, RCalamus@nmsu.edu Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 182 EP - 186 VL - 47 IS - 2 SN - 0038-4909, 0038-4909 KW - Rio grande sucker KW - White sucker KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Freshwater KW - Q1 01604:Stock assessment and management KW - D 04668:Fish UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18468880?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southwestern+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Distribution+and+abundance+of+the+Rio+Grande+sucker+in+the+Carson+and+Santa+Fe+National+Forests%2C+New+Mexico&rft.au=Calamusso%2C+B%3BRinne%2C+J+N%3BTurner%2C+PR&rft.aulast=Calamusso&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=182&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southwestern+Naturalist&rft.issn=00384909&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fusarium Tri8 Encodes a Trichothecene C-3 Esterase AN - 18455192; 5430288 AB - Mutant strains of Fusarium graminearum Z3639 produced by disruption of Tri8 were altered in their ability to biosynthesize 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol and instead accumulated 3,15-diacetyldeoxynivalenol, 7,8-dihydroxycalonectrin, and calonectrin. Fusarium sporotrichioides NRRL3299 Tri8 mutant strains accumulated 3-acetyl T-2 toxin, 3-acetyl neosolaniol, and 3,4,15-triacetoxyscirpenol rather than T-2 toxin, neosolaniol, and 4,15-diacetoxyscirpenol. The accumulation of these C-3-acetylated compounds suggests that Tri8 encodes an esterase responsible for deacetylation at C-3. This gene function was confirmed by cell-free enzyme assays and feeding experiments with yeast expressing Tri8. Previous studies have shown that Tri101 encodes a C-3 transacetylase that acts as a self-protection or resistance factor during biosynthesis and that the presence of a free C-3 hydroxyl group is a key component of Fusarium trichothecene phytotoxicity. Since Tri8 encodes the esterase that removes the C-3 protecting group, it may be considered a toxicity factor. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - McCormick, S P AU - Alexander, N J AD - USDA/ARS/NCAUR, 1815 N. University, Peoria, IL 61604., mccormsp@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 2959 EP - 2964 VL - 68 IS - 6 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol KW - 3,15-diacetyldeoxynivalenol KW - 7,8-dihydroxycalonectrin KW - Tri8 gene KW - Trichothecene C-3 esterase KW - calonectrin KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - K 03020:Fungi KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18455192?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Fusarium+Tri8+Encodes+a+Trichothecene+C-3+Esterase&rft.au=McCormick%2C+S+P%3BAlexander%2C+N+J&rft.aulast=McCormick&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2959&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.68.6.2959-2964.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.6.2959-2964.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sedimentation disrupts natural regeneration of Zannichellia palustris in Fall River, California AN - 18442567; 5420521 AB - Aquatic plants growing in flowing waters frequently inhabit dynamic substrates, subject to erosion or sediment deposition. Rooted macrophytes have disappeared from the upper portions of Fall River, CA where from 0.6 to 1.2 m of sandy sediments have accumulated. We assessed the abundance of Zannichellia palustris L. seeds in the seed bank, and performed experiments to determine the effect of sediment accumulation on germination and emergence of Z. palustris seedlings. In 1996 and 1997, sediment cores were collected from the upper 15 km of Fall River. Cores were placed in a greenhouse and germination monitored for the next 30-40 days. Viable germinating Z. palustris seeds were present in 67% of the cores collected in 1996. Z. palustris seed density was 1219 seeds m super(-2) on average and ranged from 0 to 5920 seeds m super(-2). Seed abundance did not differ between the upper (11 cm) of cores collected in 1996 or 1997. We conducted four experiments in which Z. palustris seeds and natural sediments containing Z. palustris seeds were buried at various depths under sand. Burial by more than 2 cm of sand inhibited germination and emergence. The implication is that significant sediment accumulation may disrupt natural annual regeneration of Z. palustris from seeds, although a viable seed bank is maintained for several years. JF - Aquatic Botany AU - Spencer, D F AU - Ksander, G G AD - USDA-ARS, Exotic & Invasive Weeds Research Unit, Robbins Hall, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA, dfspencer@ucdavis.edu Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 137 EP - 147 VL - 73 IS - 2 SN - 0304-3770, 0304-3770 KW - USA, California, Fall R. KW - Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18442567?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Botany&rft.atitle=Sedimentation+disrupts+natural+regeneration+of+Zannichellia+palustris+in+Fall+River%2C+California&rft.au=Spencer%2C+D+F%3BKsander%2C+G+G&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Botany&rft.issn=03043770&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Use of Soil Solarization for the Management of Soilborne Plant Pathogens in Strawberry and Red Raspberry Production AN - 18427720; 5409811 AB - Root rot caused by Phytophthora fragariae var. fragariae and P. fragariae var. rubi are major concerns in strawberry and raspberry production in the Pacific Northwest. Of lesser importance is black root rot of strawberry, caused by a complex of fungi and nematodes. Soil solarization was evaluated in 1997 in a strawberry planting and in 1998 in a raspberry planting for: (i) enhancing plant health and growth, and (ii) reducing population densities of root-destroying pathogens. Plots were solarized from mid-July to mid-September. Maximum and mean soil temperatures in solarized plots recorded at 10 cm depth were 48 and 33 degree C in the strawberry plots and 46 and 29 degree C in the raspberry plots. These temperatures were 7 to 17 degree C higher than temperatures recorded in nonsolarized plots. Soil collected after solarization was assayed by growing bait plants, cv. Totem strawberry or cv. Qualicum raspberry, at 15 degree C for 6 weeks in saturated soil to promote infections. Root health and plant growth were evaluated after 6 weeks. Solarization significantly reduced (P < 0.05) root necrosis and increased root weight of bait plants compared to plants grown in soil from nonsolarized plots. Infection of strawberry roots by P. fragariae, Pythium, Rhizoctonia, and Cylindrocarpon spp. was reduced (P < 0.05) by solarization in sampled soil. Disease was reduced in cv. Hood strawberries and Qualicum and Skeena red raspberries planted in solarized field plots. In the second growing season, total number and number of healthy primocanes of Qualicum plants were greater (P < 0.05) in solarized plots compared to nonsolarized plots. Solarization combined with applications of mefenoxam was no more effective in controlling diseases than solarization alone, but better than mefenoxam alone. Skeena plants responded similarly, but the differences were not significant. Red raspberry plants growing in solarized soil yielded more fruit than plants growing in nonsolarized soil in the third year after solarization. Solarization has potential as a component in an integrated pest management program of root diseases in raspberry and strawberry production, particularly within the first 2 years following planting. JF - Plant Disease AU - Pinkerton, J N AU - Ivors, K L AU - Reeser, P W AU - Bristow, PR AU - Windom, GE AD - USDA-ARS, HCRL, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA, pinkertj@bcc.orst.edu Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 645 EP - 651 VL - 86 IS - 6 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - raspberries KW - solarization KW - strawberries KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01055:Other soil treatments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18427720?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=The+Use+of+Soil+Solarization+for+the+Management+of+Soilborne+Plant+Pathogens+in+Strawberry+and+Red+Raspberry+Production&rft.au=Pinkerton%2C+J+N%3BIvors%2C+K+L%3BReeser%2C+P+W%3BBristow%2C+PR%3BWindom%2C+GE&rft.aulast=Pinkerton&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=645&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological Control Agents for Fire Blight of Apple Compared Under Conditions Limiting Natural Dispersal AN - 18425796; 5409810 AB - The efficacy of Pantoea agglomerans strain E325 for control of fire blight of apple was determined in comparative field trials involving other bacterial antagonists. Concurrently, the importance of the natural dispersal of bacteria as a complicating factor was assessed. Tests were performed under two sets of conditions, those that allowed for the dispersal of bacteria via honeybee activity and those that minimized it through the use of translucent polyethylene enclosures around single trees. The enclosures also raised daytime temperatures and allowed for controlled wetting, two factors important to the development of blossom blight. Single-antagonist treatments with strain E325, Pseudomonas fluorescens strain A506, and P. agglomerans strain C9-1 were applied to open blossoms on each of 10 enclosed trees and 10 nonenclosed trees. During bloom, suspensions of antagonists (10 super(8) CFU/ml) were applied twice with a brush, and a suspension of Erwinia amylovora (10 super(7) CFU/ml) was subsequently applied once using the same method. Two days after inoculation with the pathogen, trees were misted to simulate precipitation. Flower-to-flower spread of antagonistic bacteria was less frequent on trees surrounded by plastic enclosures than on nonenclosed trees. The range and statistical separation of means for population size of E. amylovora and disease incidence among treatments were greater for enclosed trees than for nonenclosed trees. Based on these results, the natural spread of antagonists being compared may mask differences in their efficacy as biocontrol agents. Such distortions and resulting misinterpretations could be lessened by separating treatments widely in large orchard blocks and by monitoring microbial populations. Strain E325 from fresh or lyophilized cultures was consistently more effective than standard antagonists in suppressing E. amylovora and reducing disease incidence. To fully assess its potential use for fire blight, larger-scale trials under various conditions will be necessary. JF - Plant Disease AU - Pusey, P L AD - USDA-ARS, Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, 1104 N. Western Ave., Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA, pusey@tfrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 639 EP - 644 VL - 86 IS - 6 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18425796?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Biological+Control+Agents+for+Fire+Blight+of+Apple+Compared+Under+Conditions+Limiting+Natural+Dispersal&rft.au=Pusey%2C+P+L&rft.aulast=Pusey&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=639&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Role of Weed Hosts and Tobacco Thrips, Frankliniella fusca, in the Epidemiology of Tomato spotted wilt virus AN - 18425744; 5409798 AB - Wild plant species were systematically sampled to characterize reproduction of thrips, the vector of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), and natural sources TSWV infection. Thrips populations were monitored on 28 common perennial, biennial, and annual plant species over two noncrop seasons at six field locations across North Carolina. Sonchus asper, Stellaria media, and Taraxacum officianale consistently supported the largest populations of immature TSWV vector species. The tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca, was the most abundant TSWV vector species collected, comprising over 95% of vector species in each survey season. Perennial plant species (i.e., Plantago rugelii and Taraxacum officianale) were often only locally abundant, and many annual species (Cerastium vulgatum, Sonchus asper, and Stellaria media) were more widely distributed. Perennial species, including P. rugelii and Rumex crispus, remained TSWV infected for 2 years in a small-plot field test. Where these perennial species are locally abundant, they may serve as important and long-lasting TSWV inoculum sources. In random surveys across 12 locations in North Carolina, TSWV infection was documented by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 35 of 72 (49%) common perennial (N = 10), biennial (N = 4), and annual (N = 21) plant species across 18 plant families. Estimated rates of TSWV infection were highest in Cerastium vulgatum (4.2%), Lactuca scariola (1.3%), Molluga verticillata (4.3%), Plantago rugelii (3.4%), Ranunculus sardous (3.6%), Sonchus asper (5.1%), Stellaria media (1.4%), and Taraxacum officianale (5.8%). Nine plant species were determined to be new host recordings for TSWV infection, including Cardamine hirsuta, Eupatorium capillifolium, Geranium carolinianum, Gnaphalium purpureum, Linaria canadense, Molluga verticillata, Pyrrhopappus carolinianus, Raphanus raphanistrum, and Triodanis perfoliata. Our findings document the relative potential of a number of common annual, biennial, and perennial plant species to act as important reproductive sites for F. fusca and as acquisition sources of TSWV for spread to susceptible crops. JF - Plant Disease AU - Groves, R L AU - Walgenbach, J F AU - Moyer, J W AU - Kennedy, G G AD - USDA-ARS, Plant Protection Research Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA, Russell.Groves@maine.edu Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 573 EP - 582 VL - 86 IS - 6 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Common thrips KW - Thysanoptera KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - A 01028:Others KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - V 22186:Transmission UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18425744?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=The+Role+of+Weed+Hosts+and+Tobacco+Thrips%2C+Frankliniella+fusca%2C+in+the+Epidemiology+of+Tomato+spotted+wilt+virus&rft.au=Groves%2C+R+L%3BWalgenbach%2C+J+F%3BMoyer%2C+J+W%3BKennedy%2C+G+G&rft.aulast=Groves&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=573&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of Thelohania solenopsae (Microsporidia: Thelohaniidae) on Polygyne Colonies of Red Imported Fire Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) AN - 18413944; 5400531 AB - Three studies were conducted to assess the effects of the entomopathogen Thelohania solenopsae on polygynous, red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, colonies. A total of 57 of 122 queens (46.7%) from nine, field-collected, polygyne, S. invicta colonies, was infected with T. solenopsae. Infection rate of queens for each colony ranged from 25 to 75%. Laboratory colonies of polygyne S. invicta , with three to 12 queens, were inoculated and infected with T. solenopsae. Brood levels in all infected colonies declined to 0 after 26-52 wk. Brood did not reappear in any of the colonies after 3-11 wk, even though in two of the eight infected colonies, five fertile queens that were uninfected were recovered. Thus, polygyne, S. invicta colonies infected with T. solenopsae , which were confined and isolated under laboratory conditions, did not recover. Field plots that contained polygynous S. invicta colonies, which were infected with T. solenopsae , were monitored over a 2-yr period. Infection rates increased during the study and reached a maximum of 93%. Fire ant nest density and colony sizes fluctuated over time, with maximum reduction of 63% per plot. In general, fire ant reductions were attributed to smaller colony sizes. T. solenopsae infections in polygynous S. invicta can result in a slow colony decline and death. Under field conditions, the prolonged colony death may mask the impact of T. solenopsae by allowing for concurrent reinfestations. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Oi, D H AU - Williams, D F Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 558 EP - 562 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 95 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Ants KW - Hymenoptera KW - Red imported fire ant KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - K 03091:Protozoa: animal KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18413944?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Impact+of+Thelohania+solenopsae+%28Microsporidia%3A+Thelohaniidae%29+on+Polygyne+Colonies+of+Red+Imported+Fire+Ants+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Formicidae%29&rft.au=Oi%2C+D+H%3BWilliams%2C+D+F&rft.aulast=Oi&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=558&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-0493%282002%29095%280558%3AIOTSMT%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0022-0493&volume=95&page=558 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-0493(2002)095(0558:IOTSMT)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Temperature on the Life Cycle of Lydella jalisco (Diptera: Tachinidae), a Parasitoid of Eoreuma loftini (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) AN - 18412461; 5400860 AB - The effect of temperature on development, survival, and adult longevity of Lydella jalisco Woodley (Diptera: Tachinidae), a parasitoid of the Mexican rice borer, Eoreuma loftini (Dyar) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), was studied under laboratory conditions. Development times of L. jalisco larvae and pupae decreased with temperatures in the range 15-35 'C. However, survival was greater at cooler temperatures similar to those encountered in the parasitoid's native habitat; percentage of adult emergence was 62.5% at 20 'C compared with 9.5% at 35 'C. The lower temperature threshold for development of larvae was 14.5 'C, whereas for pupae it was 13.8 'C. Adult lifespan was also affected by high temperatures. Adult parasitoids lived 20 to 25 d at temperatures in the range 15-25 'C, whereas they lived 4 to 6 d at 35-40 'C. For <10 consecutive hours, temperatures exceeding 30 'C prevail in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas during the months of May through September when populations of E. loftini reach an economic threshold. Therefore, the potential efficacy of L. jalisco as a biological control agent of E. loftini in south Texas should be examined closely because mated females of L. jalisco require 7-14 d for maximum egg fertilization and embryonic development. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Lauziere, I AU - Setamou, M AU - Legaspi, J AU - Jones, W AD - USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Plant Protection Laboratory, Moore Air Base, Bldg. S-6017, Route 3, Box 1008, Edinburg, TX, 78539 (Isabelle, Lauziere@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 432 EP - 437 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 31 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Diptera KW - Lepidoptera KW - Pyralid moths KW - Tachinid flies KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18412461?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Temperature+on+the+Life+Cycle+of+Lydella+jalisco+%28Diptera%3A+Tachinidae%29%2C+a+Parasitoid+of+Eoreuma+loftini+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Pyralidae%29&rft.au=Lauziere%2C+I%3BSetamou%2C+M%3BLegaspi%2C+J%3BJones%2C+W&rft.aulast=Lauziere&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=432&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282002%29031%280432%3AEOTOTL%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2002)031(0432:EOTOTL)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Segmented Filamentous Bacteria Interact with Intraepithelial Mononuclear Cells AN - 18309450; 5370723 AB - Segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) are found in multiple species and play an important role in the development of mucosal immunity. The mechanism by which the bacteria interact with the immune system has not been well defined. We provide morphologic evidence of direct interaction between SFB and intraepithelial mononuclear cells. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Meyerholz, D K AU - Stabel, T J AU - Cheville, N F AD - NADC, 2300 Dayton Ave., Ames, IA 50010., tstabel@nadc.ars.usda.gov. Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 3277 EP - 3280 VL - 70 IS - 6 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Filamentous bacteria KW - Host-pathogen interactions KW - Mucosa KW - Immune response KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18309450?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Segmented+Filamentous+Bacteria+Interact+with+Intraepithelial+Mononuclear+Cells&rft.au=Meyerholz%2C+D+K%3BStabel%2C+T+J%3BCheville%2C+N+F&rft.aulast=Meyerholz&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=3277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FIAI.70.6.3277-3280.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Filamentous bacteria; Immune response; Host-pathogen interactions; Mucosa DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.70.6.3277-3280.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mycosporine-Like Amino Acid Intercalibration Effort Using Replicate Samples AN - 17922536; 5866603 AB - The measurement of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) has several inherent problems, including the lack of commercial standards for identification and quantification. This symposium provided the opportunity to coordinate analyses with six laboratories actively involved in MAA research. Two samples were provided to each laboratory and included freeze-dried nori (Porphyra sp.) and a freeze-dried (filtered) sample of the cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa Kuetzing. Each laboratory provided extraction methodologies, chromatograms of the identified peaks, as well as estimates of the concentration of each analyte. All laboratories were able to identify major chromatographic components of the samples (Porphyra: shinorine, porphyra, mycosporine 2-glycine, asterina, palythine; Microcystis: shinorine, porphyra). Sequential cold (4 degree C for 18 h) and hot (45 degree C for 2 h) extractions of the same sample resulted in differing analyte recovery. Several currently unidentified compounds were observed in freshwater samples. JF - Journal of Phycology AU - Zimba, P V AU - Boue, S AD - USDA/ARS, P.O. Box 38, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 41 VL - 38 IS - S1 SN - 0022-3646, 0022-3646 KW - Mycosporine-like amino acid KW - Mycosporine-like amino acids KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Temperature effects KW - Marine KW - Amino acids KW - Brackish KW - Calibration KW - Separation processes KW - Microcystis aeruginosa KW - Freshwater KW - Defence mechanisms KW - Standardization KW - Ultraviolet radiation KW - Analytical techniques KW - Porphyra KW - Defense mechanisms KW - Chemical extraction KW - Cyanophyta KW - Q1 08226:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - O 1010:Viruses, Bacteria, Protists, Fungi and Plants KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - Q4 27420:Other KW - K 03024:Algae UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17922536?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Phycology&rft.atitle=Mycosporine-Like+Amino+Acid+Intercalibration+Effort+Using+Replicate+Samples&rft.au=Zimba%2C+P+V%3BBoue%2C+S&rft.aulast=Zimba&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=S1&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Phycology&rft.issn=00223646&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1529-8817.38.s1.11.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Standardization; Amino acids; Analytical techniques; Ultraviolet radiation; Calibration; Separation processes; Defence mechanisms; Chemical extraction; Defense mechanisms; Porphyra; Microcystis aeruginosa; Cyanophyta; Freshwater; Brackish; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1529-8817.38.s1.11.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mycosporines: Detection Methodologies and Assessment AN - 17920692; 5866595 AB - Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are found in a variety of prokaryotic and eucaryotic algae, as well as higher plants, fungi, and animals. These compounds function as a photoprotective sunscreen to prevent ultra-violet light damage. MAAs may thus be one of the competitive advantages that facilitated development of ozone (by oxytrophs), and thereby may be a competitive advantage for the proliferation of cyanobacteria and other harmful algal species. Numerous difficulties exist with assessment of MAAs, including identification of the compounds, conversion of isomers during HPLC preparation as a result of pH shifts, as well as the ecological implications of the presence, concentration, and forms of these compounds. This symposium will provide opportunities for intercalibration of laboratories involved in MAA analyses, suggestions regarding standardization of extraction protocols, as well as results from field- and laboratory-based studies. JF - Journal of Phycology AU - Zimba, P V AU - Wulff, A AD - USDA/ARS, P.O. Box 38, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 41 VL - 38 IS - S1 SN - 0022-3646, 0022-3646 KW - Mycosporine-like amino acids KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Amino acids KW - Extraction KW - Man-induced effects KW - Defence mechanisms KW - Concentration KW - Light effects KW - Standardization KW - U.V. radiation KW - Ultraviolet radiation KW - Detection KW - Analytical techniques KW - Chemical extraction KW - Cyanophyta KW - pH effects KW - Chemical analysis KW - Ozone KW - Q1 08226:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - O 1010:Viruses, Bacteria, Protists, Fungi and Plants KW - Q4 27420:Other KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes KW - K 03024:Algae UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17920692?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Phycology&rft.atitle=Mycosporines%3A+Detection+Methodologies+and+Assessment&rft.au=Zimba%2C+P+V%3BWulff%2C+A&rft.aulast=Zimba&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=S1&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Phycology&rft.issn=00223646&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1529-8817.38.s1.10.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Standardization; Amino acids; Analytical techniques; Detection; Ultraviolet radiation; Man-induced effects; Chemical extraction; Defence mechanisms; Chemical analysis; pH effects; Ozone; U.V. radiation; Extraction; Concentration; Light effects; Cyanophyta DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1529-8817.38.s1.10.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phosphatase Expression by Chlorella vulgaris (Chlorophyceae) is Mediated by Internal Phosphorus Levels and External pH AN - 17918298; 5866522 AB - Phosphorus has been implicated as one of the causative agents of the eutrophication of lacustrine, estuarine and coastal waters. One of the major inputs of phosphorus into these waters comes from agricultural nonpoint sources in the form of dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP). In order to better understand how DOP may directly impact the microalgal community structure, it is necessary to understand the physiology of DOP uptake and utilization. To this end, cultures of Chlorella vulgaris were grown in custom photobioreactors in acid (pH 5.5) and alkaline (pH 7.5) media under phosphate replete and starved conditions in order to determine the types and triggers of phosphatase expression by this organism. Analysis of differential phosphatase expression during phosphate stress indicates that cultures of C. vulgaris grown under alkaline conditions derepressibly express two alkaline phosphatases, while cultures grown under acid conditions weakly express only one alkaline phosphatase. Analysis of internal and external phosphorus levels, whole-cell phosphatase activity and in-gel activity of protein extracts indicate that alkaline phosphatase expression is further mediated by internal, as opposed to external, phosphorus levels. JF - Journal of Phycology AU - Evens, T J AU - Koenig, R AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 7 EP - 8 VL - 38 IS - S1 SN - 0022-3646, 0022-3646 KW - phosphatase KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Bioremediation KW - Chlorophyta KW - Eutrophication KW - Agricultural pollution KW - Phosphorus KW - Enzymes KW - Freshwater KW - Coastal waters KW - Environmental factors KW - Chlorella vulgaris KW - Community structure KW - Bioreactors KW - Water pollution treatment KW - Uptake KW - Expression KW - Enzymatic activity KW - pH effects KW - Dissolved organic phosphorus KW - Q1 08226:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - K 03019:Algae KW - Q5 08522:Protective measures and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17918298?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Phycology&rft.atitle=Phosphatase+Expression+by+Chlorella+vulgaris+%28Chlorophyceae%29+is+Mediated+by+Internal+Phosphorus+Levels+and+External+pH&rft.au=Evens%2C+T+J%3BKoenig%2C+R&rft.aulast=Evens&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=S1&rft.spage=7&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Phycology&rft.issn=00223646&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1529-8817.38.s1.20.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bioremediation; Water pollution treatment; Agricultural pollution; Phosphorus; Enzymes; Uptake; Enzymatic activity; pH effects; Environmental factors; Dissolved organic phosphorus; Eutrophication; Community structure; Bioreactors; Expression; Coastal waters; Chlorophyta; Chlorella vulgaris; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1529-8817.38.s1.20.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methane emissions from swine lagoons in Southeastern US AN - 16153129; 5449259 AB - Concentrated animal production can have a significant effect on the atomospheric environment. Methane (CH sub(4)) emissions from two swine waste holding lagoons were determined periodically in 1997 and 1998. Emission rates from the lagoons were measured under ambient conditions with little disturbance to the natural environment. One farm (NC10) used a periodic 'flush' to remove wastes (8 h cycle). The second farm (NC20) used a 'pull-plug' system with a 1 week cycle time. In general, flux rates followed a diurnal pattern with greater fluxes during the day when both temperature and windspeed were greatest. Methane emissions from the lagoons were related to windspeed, effluent temperature and volatile solid loading into the system. Average emissions from NC10 ranged from 20 to 115 kg CH sub(4) ha super(-1) per day. Greatest emissions were during the spring period when the sludge depth was deepest. Emissions from NC20 were much less (5.3-10.7 kg CH sub(4) ha super(-1) per day) due primarily to fewer number of animals and type of manure handling system. Emissions followed a diurnal pattern with greatest emissions during the day when effluent temperature was greatest. The average flux for the year from the two lagoons were 62 and 8 kg CH sub(4) ha super(-1) per day which corresponded to 6.0 and 1.6 kg CH sub(4) per animal per year, respectively. JF - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment AU - Sharpe, R R AU - Harper, LA AU - Byers, F M AD - J. Phil Cambell Sr. Natural Resource Conservation Center, USDA-ARS, 1420 Experiment Station Road, Watkinsville, GA 30677, USA, rsharpe@arches.uga.edu Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 17 EP - 24 VL - 90 IS - 1 SN - 0167-8809, 0167-8809 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Diurnal variations KW - Methane KW - Animal wastes KW - Manure KW - Farms KW - Sludges KW - Pollution dispersion KW - Temperature KW - Wastes KW - Methane emission from animals KW - USA, Southeast KW - Effluents KW - Lagoons KW - Livestock KW - Air pollution KW - Methane trends KW - Volatiles KW - Emission measurements KW - Methane fluctuations KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - M2 551.510.3/.4:Physical Properties/Composition (551.510.3/.4) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16153129?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Methane+emissions+from+swine+lagoons+in+Southeastern+US&rft.au=Sharpe%2C+R+R%3BHarper%2C+LA%3BByers%2C+F+M&rft.aulast=Sharpe&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01678809&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Methane; Farms; Volatiles; Sludges; Wastes; Effluents; Lagoons; Methane trends; Methane emission from animals; Methane fluctuations; Air pollution; Diurnal variations; Manure; Animal wastes; Pollution dispersion; Emission measurements; Temperature; Livestock; USA, Southeast ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Prescribed Fire on Shinnery Oak ( Quercus havardii) Plant Communities in Western Oklahoma AN - 16149453; 5399854 AB - Changes in structural and compositional attributes of shinnery oak (Quercus havardii Rydb.) plant communities have occurred in the twentieth century. These changes may in part relate to altered fire regimes. Our objective was to document effects of prescribed fire in fall (October), winter (February), and spring (April) on plant composition. Three study sites were located in western Oklahoma; each contained 12, 60 x 30-m plots that were designated, within site, to be seasonally burned, annually burned, or left unburned. Growing season canopy cover for herbaceous and woody species was estimated in 1997-1998 (post-treatment). At one year post-fire, burning in any season reduced shrub cover, and spring burns reduced cover most. Winter and annual fires increased cover of rhizomatous tallgrasses, whereas burning in any season decreased little bluestem cover. Perennial forbs increased with fall and winter fire. Shrub stem density increased with fire in any season. Communities returned rapidly to pre-burn composition with increasing time since fire. Fire effects on herbaceous vegetation appear to be manifested through increases in bare ground and reduction of overstory shrub dominance. Prescribed fire can be used as a tool in restoration efforts to increase or maintain within and between community plant diversity. Our data suggest that some plant species may require or benefit from fire in specific seasons. Additional research is needed to determine the long-term effects of repeated fire over time. JF - Restoration Ecology AU - Boyd, C S AU - Bidwell, T G AD - USDA-ARS, Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, HC 71, 4.51 Hwy. 205, Burns, OR 97720, U.S.A. Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 324 EP - 333 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 10 IS - 2 SN - 1061-2971, 1061-2971 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Oklahoma KW - Quercus havardii KW - Fires KW - Vegetation changes KW - Plant communities KW - Environmental restoration KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16149453?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Restoration+Ecology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Prescribed+Fire+on+Shinnery+Oak+%28+Quercus+havardii%29+Plant+Communities+in+Western+Oklahoma&rft.au=Boyd%2C+C+S%3BBidwell%2C+T+G&rft.aulast=Boyd&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=324&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Restoration+Ecology&rft.issn=10612971&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1526-100X.2002.01021.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fires; Vegetation changes; Plant communities; Environmental restoration; Quercus havardii; USA, Oklahoma DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100X.2002.01021.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Restoring fire as an ecological process in shortgrass prairie ecosystems: initial effects of prescribed burning during the dormant and growing seasons AN - 16148896; 5407870 AB - Prior to Anglo-European settlement, fire was a major ecological process influencing the structure, composition and productivity of shortgrass prairie ecosystems on the Great Plains. However during the past 125 years, the frequency and extent of grassland fire has dramatically declined as a result of the systematic heavy grazing by large herds of domestic cattle and sheep which reduced the available levels of fine fuel and organized fire suppression efforts that succeeded in altering the natural fire regime. The greatly diminished role of recurrent fire in these ecosystems is thought to be responsible for ecologically adverse shifts in the composition, structure and diversity of these grasslands, leading specifically to the rise of ruderal species and invasion by less fire-tolerant species. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ecological effects of fire season and frequency on the shortgrass prairie and to determine the means by which prescribed fire can best be restored in this ecosystem to provide the greatest benefit for numerous resource values. Plant cover, diversity, biomass and nutrient status, litter cover and soil chemistry were measured prior to and following fire treatments on a buffalograss-blue grama shortgrass prairie in northeastern New Mexico. Dormant-season fire was followed by increases in grass cover, forb cover, species richness and concentrations of foliar P, K, Ca, Mg and Mn. Growing-season fire produced declines in the cover of buffalograss, graminoids and forbs and increases in litter cover and levels of foliar P, K, Ca and Mn. Although no changes in soil chemistry were observed, both fire treatments caused decreases in herbaceous production, with standing biomass resulting from growing-season fire similar to [puncsp]600 kg/ha and dormant-season fire similar to 1200 kg/ha, compared with controls similar to 1800 kg/ha. The initial findings of this long-term experiment suggest that dormant-season burning may be the preferable method for restoring fire in shortgrass prairie ecosystems where fire has been excluded for a prolonged time period. Copyright Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. JF - Journal of Environmental Management AU - Brockway, D AU - Gatewood, R AU - Paris, R AD - Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 520 Devall Drive, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA, dbrockway@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 135 EP - 152 PB - Academic Press VL - 65 IS - 2 SN - 0301-4797, 0301-4797 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Fires KW - Prairies KW - USA, New Mexico KW - Environmental restoration KW - Burning KW - D 04115:Temperate grasslands UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16148896?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Restoring+fire+as+an+ecological+process+in+shortgrass+prairie+ecosystems%3A+initial+effects+of+prescribed+burning+during+the+dormant+and+growing+seasons&rft.au=Brockway%2C+D%3BGatewood%2C+R%3BParis%2C+R&rft.aulast=Brockway&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Management&rft.issn=03014797&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fjema.2002.0540 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prairies; Fires; Environmental restoration; Burning; USA, New Mexico DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jema.2002.0540 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-term changes in chemical features of waters of seven Ethiopian rift-valley lakes AN - 16143619; 5536079 AB - Chemical and chlorophyll a concentrations of seven Ethiopian rift-valley lakes were studied during 1990-2000. Results were compared with studies made between 1960 and 1990 in an attempt to detect long-term changes. Three different trends are apparent in the salinities (and the correlates conductivity, alkalinity, sodium concentration) of these lakes over the last 40 years: three lakes (lakes Zwai, Shalla and Abaya) have maintained their salinity levels from the 1960s, two lakes (lakes Langano and Awassa) have become more dilute, and the salinity levels of Lake Chamo and the soda lake Abijata have increased. Concentrations of silicate decreased in almost all the lakes whereas soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) increased in most lakes. Chlorophyll a concentrations were higher in the recent samples from all lakes except two, which in conjunction with results from SRP and silicate analyses suggest eutrophication in four out of the seven lakes studied. The study relates salinization in lakes with closed drainage to increased human activities in their catchments, intensified by changes in climate during the last three decades in sub-Saharan Africa. JF - Hydrobiologia AU - Zinabu, G M AU - Kebede-Westhead, E AU - Desta, Z AD - Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, U.S.A., westheae@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 81 EP - 91 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 477 IS - 1 SN - 0018-8158, 0018-8158 KW - Ethiopia, Abaya L. KW - Ethiopia, Abijata L. KW - Ethiopia, Awassa L. KW - Ethiopia, Chamo L. KW - Ethiopia, Langano L. KW - Ethiopia, Shalla L. KW - Ethiopia, Zwai L. KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Chlorophylls KW - Chlorophyll KW - Eutrophication KW - Climatic changes KW - Phosphorus KW - Phytoplankton KW - Man-induced effects KW - Freshwater KW - Chemical Properties KW - Water quality KW - Silicates KW - Time dependent KW - Salinity KW - Lakes KW - Chlorophyll A KW - Rift valleys KW - Algae KW - Temporal Distribution KW - Data Collections KW - Water Quality KW - Salinization KW - Data collections KW - Sodium KW - Pigment (Photosynthetic) KW - Long-term changes KW - Chemical properties KW - Q1 08461:Plankton KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q2 09184:Composition of water KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16143619?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrobiologia&rft.atitle=Long-term+changes+in+chemical+features+of+waters+of+seven+Ethiopian+rift-valley+lakes&rft.au=Zinabu%2C+G+M%3BKebede-Westhead%2C+E%3BDesta%2C+Z&rft.aulast=Zinabu&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=477&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrobiologia&rft.issn=00188158&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chlorophylls; Eutrophication; Climatic changes; Phosphorus; Man-induced effects; Phytoplankton; Data collections; Water quality; Silicates; Sodium; Lakes; Salinity; Long-term changes; Chemical properties; Rift valleys; Chlorophyll; Time dependent; Pigment (Photosynthetic); Water Quality; Data Collections; Chlorophyll A; Salinization; Chemical Properties; Temporal Distribution; Algae; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparing three geophysical tools for locating sand blows in alluvial soils of southeast Missouri AN - 16136167; 5429299 AB - The level, moderately fine and fine-textured, poorly and very poorly drained alluvial soils of the southern Mississippi River Valley are well suited to rice production. However, in many areas, small inclusions of more rapidly permeable, coarse-textured soils occur as sand blows. Because of their more rapid permeability, these included soils are considered marginal for rice production. In this study, an EM38 meter, a GEM300 sensor, and a Veris 3100 soil EC mapping system were compared and used to assess clay content and to locate sand blows in southeastern Missouri. All three tools produced similar gross spatial patterns of apparent conductivity that corresponded to mapped soil delineations and changes in clay content. However, spatial patterns of apparent conductivity are more intricate than major soil patterns and indicate soil map unit inclusions. Moderate correlations (r = 0.39 to 0.71) were found between apparent conductivity and average clay content of the 0 to 25 cm layer. Correlations improved (r = 0.63 to 0.90) as the clay content was averaged over the 0 to 75 cm and the 0 to 100 cm depth intervals. As spatial patterns reflect differences in clay content, these tools can be used to help locate small, included areas of coarse-textured soils that might otherwise be overlooked. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Doolittle, JA AU - Indorante, S J AU - Potter, D K AU - Hefner, S G AU - McCauley, WM AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, National Soil Survey Center in Newtown Square, PA, USA Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 175 EP - 182 VL - 57 IS - 3 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - USA, Mississippi R. KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Rivers KW - Rice KW - Water conservation KW - Correlations KW - Dust transport KW - Clays KW - Sand transport KW - Alluvial Soils KW - USA, Mississippi R. Valley KW - USA, Missouri KW - Geophysics KW - Soil Properties KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - M2 551.555:Specific Locations (551.555) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16136167?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Comparing+three+geophysical+tools+for+locating+sand+blows+in+alluvial+soils+of+southeast+Missouri&rft.au=Doolittle%2C+JA%3BIndorante%2C+S+J%3BPotter%2C+D+K%3BHefner%2C+S+G%3BMcCauley%2C+WM&rft.aulast=Doolittle&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Sand transport; Water conservation; Dust transport; Correlations; Alluvial Soils; Rice; Soil Properties; Geophysics; Clays; USA, Mississippi R. Valley; USA, Missouri ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of soybean meal replacement by cottonseed meal and iron supplementation on growth, immune response and resistance of Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) to Edwardsiella ictaluri challenge AN - 18310130; 5370308 AB - Three basal diets containing 0%, 27.5% and 55.0% solvent-extracted cottonseed meal (CSM) as replacements of 0%, 50% and 100% of solvent-extracted soybean meal (SBM) on an equal nitrogen basis were each supplemented with three levels of iron (40, 336 and 671 mg/kg) from ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (3 x 3 factorial experiment). Each diet was fed to juvenile channel catfish in triplicate aquaria twice daily to apparent satiation for 10 weeks for subsequent determination of growth response, hematology, specific and non-specific immune response, and mortality following Edwardsiella ictaluri challenge. Fish fed diets containing 27.5% CSM as a replacement of 50% of SBM had improved weight gain (WG) and feed efficiency ratio (FER). Total replacement of SBM by 55.0% CSM decreased WG, feed intake (FI) and FER. Total cell count (TCC), red blood cell count (RBC), hematocrit (Ht) and hemoglobin (Hb) were not affected by dietary levels of CSM. Iron supplementation significantly affected TCC and RBC and maximum values of these parameters were obtained at 336 mg of iron/kg diet. However, Ht and Hb were not affected by increasing levels of supplemental iron. Values for TCC, RBC and Hb were significantly affected by the interaction between dietary levels of CSM and iron. For fish fed the diet containing 0% CSM (SBM-based diets), these parameters increased linearly with increasing dietary levels of iron. When CSM levels were increased to 27.5% or higher, 336 mg supplemental iron was sufficient for maximum hematological values. Macrophage chemotaxis in the presence of exoantigen was significantly higher for fish fed diets containing 55.0% CSM as compared to those fed the lower CSM diets. Agglutinating antibody titers were also significantly higher for fish fed diets containing CSM, but the values did not differ for those fed the 27.5% or 55.0% CSM diets. Dietary levels of iron, and interactions between dietary levels of iron and CSM had no effect on macrophage chemotaxis and antibody titers. Cumulative mortality at 15 days post-challenge was significantly higher for fish fed the SBM-based diet (0% CSM) at 54.4% as compared to 35.0% and 21.6% for those fed the 27.5% and 55.0% CSM diets, respectively. No differences were observed among mortality of fish fed the CSM-containing diets. Dietary levels of iron supplementation, and the interactions between dietary levels of iron and CSM had no effect on post-challenged mortality of fish. JF - Aquaculture AU - Barros, M M AU - Lim, C AU - Klesius, PH AD - Aquatic Animal Health Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, MSA, P.O. Box 952, 36831-0952 Auburn, AL USA Y1 - 2002/05/24/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 May 24 SP - 263 EP - 279 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 207 IS - 3-4 SN - 0044-8486, 0044-8486 KW - Channel catfish KW - Graceful catfish KW - cottonseed meal KW - soybean KW - soybean meal KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Growth rate KW - Macrophages KW - Animal nutrition KW - Diets KW - Parasites KW - Mortality KW - Edwardsiella ictaluri KW - Immunity KW - Disease resistance KW - Parasite resistance KW - Nutrition KW - Glycine max KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - Haematology KW - Feed composition KW - Micropus KW - Feeding experiments KW - Proteins KW - Immune response KW - Iron KW - J 02862:Infection KW - Q1 08587:Diseases of Cultured Organisms KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q3 08587:Diseases of Cultured Organisms KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18310130?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquaculture&rft.atitle=Effect+of+soybean+meal+replacement+by+cottonseed+meal+and+iron+supplementation+on+growth%2C+immune+response+and+resistance+of+Channel+Catfish+%28Ictalurus+punctatus%29+to+Edwardsiella+ictaluri+challenge&rft.au=Barros%2C+M+M%3BLim%2C+C%3BKlesius%2C+PH&rft.aulast=Barros&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-05-24&rft.volume=207&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquaculture&rft.issn=00448486&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; Animal nutrition; Macrophages; Growth rate; Mortality; Parasites; Disease resistance; Immunity; Parasite resistance; Feed composition; Haematology; Proteins; Feeding experiments; Iron; Immune response; Nutrition; Edwardsiella ictaluri; Micropus; Ictalurus punctatus; Glycine max ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating historical range and variation of landscape patch dynamics: limitations of the simulation approach AN - 18433325; 5405241 AB - Landscape patterns in the northwestern United States are mostly shaped by the interaction of fire and succession, and conversely, vegetation patterns influence fire dynamics and plant colonization processes. Historical landscape pattern dynamics can be used by resource managers to assess current landscape conditions and develop target spatial characteristics for management activities. The historical range and variability (HRV) of landscape pattern can be quantified from simulated chronosequences of landscape vegetation maps and can be used to (1) describe temporal variation in patch statistics, (2) develop limits of acceptable change, and (3) design landscape treatment guidelines for ecosystem management. Although this simulation approach has many advantages, the limitations of this method have not been explored in detail. To demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of this approach, we performed several simulation experiments using the spatially explicit, multiple pathway model a LANDscape Succession Model (LANDSUM) to quantify the range and variability in six class and landscape pattern metrics for four landscapes in the northwestern United States. First, we applied the model to spatially nested landscapes to evaluate the effect of landscape size on the HRV pattern metrics. Next, we averaged the HRV pattern metrics across maps generated from simulation time spans of 100, 500, and 1000 years and intervals 5, 10, 25 and 50 years to assess optimal output generation parameters. We then altered the elevation data layer to evaluate effect of topography on pattern metrics, and cut various shapes (circle, rectangle, square) from a landscape to examine landscape shape and orientation influences. Then, we altered the input vegetation maps to assess the influence of initial conditions on landscape metrics output. Finally, a sensitivity analysis of input fire probabilities and transition times was performed. Results indicate landscapes should be quite large to realistically simulation fire pattern. Landscape shape, and orientation are critically important to quantifying patch metrics. Simulation output need only be stored every 20-50 years but landscapes should be simulated for long time periods ( greater than or equal to 1000 years). All landscapes are unique so conclusions generated here may not be entirely applicable to all western US landscapes. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Keane, R E AU - Parsons, R A AU - Hessburg, P F AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory, P.O. Box 8089 Missoula, MT 59807, USA, rkeane@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/05/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 May 15 SP - 29 EP - 49 VL - 151 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18433325?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=Estimating+historical+range+and+variation+of+landscape+patch+dynamics%3A+limitations+of+the+simulation+approach&rft.au=Keane%2C+R+E%3BParsons%2C+R+A%3BHessburg%2C+P+F&rft.aulast=Keane&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-05-15&rft.volume=151&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid, non-destructive selection of peanuts for high aflatoxin content by soaking and tandem mass spectrometry. AN - 71638646; 11982442 AB - Peanut lots are subject to aflatoxin levels high enough to cause concern to health agencies and trade channels. A possible solution would be to mechanically sort out high aflatoxin nuts from the process stream. Only highly contaminated nuts would need to be removed. However, there exists at present no sorting mechanism which meets commercial needs of adequate reduction and product preservation. To build such a sorter requires knowledge of the properties that can be used for sorting. The first step in the design is to select on the order of one hundred undamaged contaminated nuts which can be compared with noncontaminated ones. Because contaminated nuts are rare, a very large number of nuts needs to be examined nondestructively. We present a method to rapidly carry out such a selection. The method is based on dipping nuts into extraction fluid and examining the resulting fluid by tandem MS without preliminary cleanup. This method has been applied to examine over 65,000 nuts, yielding approximately 120 nuts, each containing more than 250-43000 ng/g aflatoxin (depending on process stream). JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Schatzki, Thomas F AU - Haddon, William F AD - Western Regional Research Center, Pacific West Area, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California 94710, USA. tom@pw.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/05/08/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 May 08 SP - 3062 EP - 3069 VL - 50 IS - 10 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Solutions KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Handling KW - Aflatoxins -- analysis KW - Arachis -- chemistry KW - Food Contamination KW - Mass Spectrometry -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71638646?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Rapid%2C+non-destructive+selection+of+peanuts+for+high+aflatoxin+content+by+soaking+and+tandem+mass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Schatzki%2C+Thomas+F%3BHaddon%2C+William+F&rft.aulast=Schatzki&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2002-05-08&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3062&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-06-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of a Monoclonal Antibody-Based Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Determination of Ractopamine in Incurred Samples from Food Animals AN - 18627514; 5538100 AB - A monoclonal antibody-based ractopamine immunoassay has been applied to incurred samples from sheep and cattle. Results obtained by immunoassay were compared with those from high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Three sets of sample extracts containing primarily unmetabolized ractopamine were analyzed. Correlation of HPLC with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for beef liver samples gave an r super(2) = 0.98 despite rather low ractopamine concentrations (range 1.1-13.4 ng/mL, n = 6). Ractopamine concentrations in cow urine samples treated by solid phase extraction, to remove ractopamine metabolites, also showed a high correlation between the HPLC and the ELISA results (r super(2) = 0.95, range 1.0-275 ng/mL, n = 61). In contrast, HPLC and ELISA analyses of ractopamine in sheep urine were not well-correlated (r super(2) = 0.58, range 0.85-51 ng/mL, n = 34). When ractopamine conjugates in urine samples were hydrolyzed with hydrolytic enzymes, ELISA and HPLC methods were highly correlated [r super(2) = 0.94 for sheep (range 123-10 554 ppb, n = 60) and an r super(2) = 0.98 for cattle (range 14-8159 ppb, n = 62)]. Tissues contained only minute amounts of ractopamine, and after 7-day withdrawal periods, less than 1 ppb of free ractopamine was detected. Ractopamine was rapidly metabolized in both cattle and sheep. The difference in ractopamine concentration of urine samples before and after hydrolysis indicated that only 1-5% of ractopamine was excreted unmetabolized. Results from this study indicate that the monoclonal antibody-based ELISA could be useful for a sensitive, quantitative, or qualitative ractopamine screening assay. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Shelver, W L AU - Smith, D J AD - Biosciences Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 5674 University Station, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, USA Y1 - 2002/05/08/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 May 08 SP - 2742 EP - 2747 VL - 50 IS - 10 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Ractopamine KW - cattle KW - sheep KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32240:Immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18627514?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Application+of+a+Monoclonal+Antibody-Based+Enzyme-Linked+Immunosorbent+Assay+for+the+Determination+of+Ractopamine+in+Incurred+Samples+from+Food+Animals&rft.au=Shelver%2C+W+L%3BSmith%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Shelver&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2002-05-08&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2742&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fjf011372%2B LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf011372+ ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variation among Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains relative to their growth, survival, thermal inactivation, and toxin production in broth AN - 18337260; 5388553 AB - To estimate the potential outcomes of food processing on the fate of foodborne pathogens, variations in microbial parameters such as growth rate, survival time, thermal inactivation time, and toxin production must be known. Previous microbial studies using single strains or cocktails provide error estimates for the uncertainty of the experimental and statistical procedures, but not for variations among strains. In this study, the behavior of 17 strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7 were followed when placed in synthetic media that permitted growth, survival, or thermal inactivation. The parameter values were not rejected as being normal, lognormal, gamma, or Weibull distributions. The ratio of the standard deviation to mean (normal distribution) for the exponential growth rate was 0.16 and for the lag phase duration, it was 0.38. The ratios of times to achieve a 4 - log sub(10) reduction at two survival conditions were 0.39 and 0.46; ratios of thermal D values at 55 and 60 degree C were 0.42 and 0.33, respectively. The ratio of the negative log sub(10) of toxin production was 0.24. These distributions are larger than the coefficient of variations observed for experimental errors in single strain and cocktail experiments. This indicates the limitations in precision that predictions of future population numbers can have when the potential presence of all strains needs to be considered. This variation among strains is applicable whether predictions are made by traditional subjective and point estimates or by using models and risk assessments. JF - International Journal of Food Microbiology AU - Whiting, R C AU - Golden, M H AD - Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, richard.whiting@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/05/05/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 May 05 SP - 127 EP - 133 VL - 75 IS - 1-2 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Temperature effects KW - Risk assessment KW - Growth rate KW - Toxins KW - Food-borne diseases KW - Escherichia coli KW - J 02721:Cell cycle, morphology and motility KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18337260?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Variation+among+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+strains+relative+to+their+growth%2C+survival%2C+thermal+inactivation%2C+and+toxin+production+in+broth&rft.au=Whiting%2C+R+C%3BGolden%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Whiting&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-05-05&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Food-borne diseases; Growth rate; Toxins; Risk assessment; Temperature effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rainfall concentration under olive trees AN - 18578093; 5320078 AB - To determine the existence of rainfall concentration beneath olive trees, throughfall and stemflow was measured in three olive trees during 12 rainfall events, using 36 rain gauges per tree and a stemflow collection system. Data from different rainfall events were aggregated to assess the spatial correlation in throughfall. Only one out of the three trees showed a clear spatial dependency structure.Rainfall concentration under the tree canopy, as a consequence of rainfall redistribution of throughfall, was relatively unimportant with few and sparse locations showing a percentage of throughfall with respect to rainfall in open area >100% and none above 125%. Throughfall showed a consistent storm to storm pattern in spatial distribution among high rainfall events, and non-consistent patterns among low rainfall events. Stemflow was found to be the most important mechanism of canopy induced flux concentration, in events where rainfall depth was large enough to saturate the olive canopy. Stemflow was estimated to infiltrate in a radial area up to 0.5 m from the tree trunk, depending on tree characteristics and rainfall intensity. The area surrounding the tree trunk appears to be the most relevant area for potential research dealing with the influence of concentrated canopy induced water fluxes on the transport of chemicals to deeper layers within the soil. JF - Agricultural Water Management AU - Gomez, JA AU - Vanderlinden, K AU - Giraldez, J V AU - Fereres, E AD - National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS-MWA, 1196 Soil Building, 47906 West Lafayette, IN USA Y1 - 2002/05/02/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 May 02 SP - 53 EP - 70 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 55 IS - 1 SN - 0378-3774, 0378-3774 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 0815:Precipitation KW - M2 551.577:General Precipitation (551.577) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18578093?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.atitle=Rainfall+concentration+under+olive+trees&rft.au=Gomez%2C+JA%3BVanderlinden%2C+K%3BGiraldez%2C+J+V%3BFereres%2C+E&rft.aulast=Gomez&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2002-05-02&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.issn=03783774&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal water balance of an Ozark hillslope AN - 1665488899; 5320079 AB - Analysis of field water balance components provides information necessary to minimize the risk of offsite movement of contaminants from crop production practices or animal manure applications. The objective of this study was to determine the timing and amount of surface runoff and drainage from the root zone for a hillslope in the Ozark Highlands of US. A 0.4 ha watershed with slopes of 8-20% having tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) cover was established in northwestern Arkansas (35 degree 56'W, 93 degree 51'N). Continuous measurements of water balance parameters were made from June 1997 to August 1998. Soil water drainage was estimated as the residual of weekly water balance calculations. Runoff occurred in response to three precipitation events in the winter of 1998 and totaled 30.6 mm of water or 2.6% of the 1185 mm of precipitation that fell at the site during the study period. Storms of comparable or greater intensity during other seasons failed to produce runoff, a result that was likely due to dry soil conditions and taller grass canopy. Drainage through the root zone totaled 117 mm and occurred primarily during an 83-day interval in the winter of 1998. The water balance was dominated by evaporation, which accounted for 91% (1080 mm) of the precipitation. Tall fescue was capable of sustaining relatively high evaporation rates between infrequent summer rains thereby dewatering the soil profile, which was not replenished until winter. Delaying spring animal manure applications in the Ozarks until evaporation has increased and the soil profile has begun to dry would decrease the risk of offsite transport of potential contaminants contained in the manure. JF - Agricultural Water Management AU - Sauer, T J AU - Moore, P A AU - Ham, J M AU - Bland, W L AU - Prueger, J H AU - West, C P AD - USDA-ARS, Fayetteville, AR USA Y1 - 2002/05/02/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 May 02 SP - 71 EP - 82 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 55 IS - 1 SN - 0378-3774, 0378-3774 KW - USA, Arkansas KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Manure KW - Evaporation KW - Water balance components KW - Drainage KW - Hydrologic Budget KW - Soil Water KW - Precipitation KW - Watersheds KW - Storms KW - Forages KW - Water balance KW - Evaporation rates KW - Water management KW - Water balance calculations KW - Surface runoff KW - Seasonal variability KW - Runoff KW - M2 556.5:Surface Water Hydrology (556.5) KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1665488899?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.atitle=Seasonal+water+balance+of+an+Ozark+hillslope&rft.au=Sauer%2C+T+J%3BMoore%2C+P+A%3BHam%2C+J+M%3BBland%2C+W+L%3BPrueger%2C+J+H%3BWest%2C+C+P&rft.aulast=Sauer&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-05-02&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.issn=03783774&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water balance; Evaporation rates; Water balance components; Water management; Evaporation; Drainage; Water balance calculations; Surface runoff; Seasonal variability; Precipitation; Storms; Manure; Hydrologic Budget; Soil Water; Watersheds; Runoff; Forages ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cleanup procedure for determination of aflatoxins in major agricultural commodities by liquid chromatography. AN - 71858571; 12083256 AB - A simple, fast, reliable, and inexpensive chemical cleanup procedure was developed for quantitation of aflatoxins in major important agricultural commodities by liquid chromatography (LC). Aflatoxins were extracted from a ground sample with methanol-water (80 + 20, v/v), and after a single cleanup step on a minicolumn packed with basic aluminum oxide, they were quantitated by LC equipped with a C18 column, photochemical reactor, and fluorescence detector. Water-methanol-1-butanol (1,400 + 720 + 25, v/v/v) served as the mobile phase. Recoveries of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 from peanuts spiked at 5.0, 2.5, 7.5, and 2.5 microg/kg were 87.2 +/- 2.3, 82.0 +/- 0.8, 80.0 +/- 1.8, and 80.4 +/- 2.8%, respectively. Similar recoveries, precision, and accuracy were achieved for corn, cottonseed, almonds, Brazil nuts, pistachios, and walnuts. The quantitation limit for aflatoxin B1 was 1 microg/kg. The minimal cost of the minicolumn allows for substantial savings compared with available commercial aflatoxin cleanup devices. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Sobolev, Victor S AU - Dorner, Joe W AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, National Peanut Research Laboratory, Dawson, GA 31742, USA. vsobolev@nprl.usda.gov PY - 2002 SP - 642 EP - 645 VL - 85 IS - 3 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Aflatoxins -- analysis KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Food Contamination UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71858571?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Cleanup+procedure+for+determination+of+aflatoxins+in+major+agricultural+commodities+by+liquid+chromatography.&rft.au=Sobolev%2C+Victor+S%3BDorner%2C+Joe+W&rft.aulast=Sobolev&rft.aufirst=Victor&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=642&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-12 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation of light filth from ground oregano and ground marjoram: a modification using isopropanol as a defatting agent: in-house study. AN - 71855306; 12083260 AB - A procedural modification of the AOAC Official Method for extracting light filth from ground oregano and ground marjoram was tested in an intralaboratory study. The modified method specifies isopropanol defatting, 975.49A(a), rather than chloroform-isopropanol defatting, 975.49A(b), followed by direct flotation as directed in AOAC Official Method, 975.49B(b). The modified method provided comparable results in less time while also providing safety, health, and financial benefits. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Wheeler, Mark AU - Bennett, Barbara AU - Marks, Harry AD - US Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, OPPDE, Washington, DC 20205, USA. mark.wheeler@usda.gov PY - 2002 SP - 676 EP - 681 VL - 85 IS - 3 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Index Medicus KW - Hair KW - Condiments -- analysis KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Origanum UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71855306?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Isolation+of+light+filth+from+ground+oregano+and+ground+marjoram%3A+a+modification+using+isopropanol+as+a+defatting+agent%3A+in-house+study.&rft.au=Wheeler%2C+Mark%3BBennett%2C+Barbara%3BMarks%2C+Harry&rft.aulast=Wheeler&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=676&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-12 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Moving toward a plant-based diet: are iron and zinc at risk? AN - 71743204; 12030275 AB - With reduced intake of meat and increased intake of phytate-containing legumes and whole grains, movement toward plant-based diets reduces dietary iron and zinc absorption. Although vegetarians have lower iron stores, adverse health effects of lower iron and zinc absorption have not been demonstrated with varied, plant-based diets consumed in developed countries. Improved assessment methods and monitoring are needed to detect and prevent possible iron and zinc deficiency with plant-based diets. JF - Nutrition reviews AU - Hunt, Janet R AD - USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, ND 58202, USA. Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 127 EP - 134 VL - 60 IS - 5 Pt 1 SN - 0029-6643, 0029-6643 KW - Iron, Dietary KW - 0 KW - Phytic Acid KW - 7IGF0S7R8I KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Zinc KW - J41CSQ7QDS KW - Index Medicus KW - Phytic Acid -- adverse effects KW - Humans KW - Fabaceae KW - Diet, Vegetarian -- adverse effects KW - Intestinal Absorption KW - Iron -- deficiency KW - Biological Availability KW - Zinc -- administration & dosage KW - Zinc -- pharmacokinetics KW - Iron, Dietary -- pharmacokinetics KW - Iron, Dietary -- administration & dosage KW - Zinc -- deficiency UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71743204?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+reviews&rft.atitle=Moving+toward+a+plant-based+diet%3A+are+iron+and+zinc+at+risk%3F&rft.au=Hunt%2C+Janet+R&rft.aulast=Hunt&rft.aufirst=Janet&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=5+Pt+1&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrition+reviews&rft.issn=00296643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-06 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reduction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. on laboratory-inoculated mung bean seed by chlorine treatmentt. AN - 71719038; 12030299 AB - Three U.S. outbreaks of foodborne illness due to consumption of contaminated raw mung bean sprouts occurred in the past 2 years and were caused by Salmonella Enteritidis. The original source of the pathogens is thought to have been the seed. The aim of this study was to determine whether treatment with aqueous chlorine would eliminate the pathogens from mung bean seed inoculated in the laboratory with four-strain cocktails of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. Treatments (for 5, 10, or 15 min) with buffered (500 mM potassium phosphate, pH 6.8) or unbuffered solutions containing 0.3 or 3.0% (wt/vol) Ca(OCl)2 were tested. In order to mimic common commercial practice, seed was rinsed before and after treatment with sterile tap water. Treatment for 15 min with buffer (500 mM potassium phosphate, pH 6.8) or sterile water in combination with the seed rinses resulted in maximum reductions of approximately 3 log10 CFU/g. The largest reductions (4 to 5 log10 CFU/g) for the chlorine treatments in combination with the rinses were obtained after treatment with buffered 3.0% (wt/vol) Ca(OCl)2 for 15 min. Treatment of mung bean seed for 15 min with unbuffered or buffered 3.0% (wt/vol) Ca(OCl)2 did not adversely affect germination. Even though treatments with 3% (wt/vol) Ca(OCl)2 in combination with the water rinses were effective in greatly reducing the populations of both bacterial pathogens, these treatments did not result in the elimination of the pathogens from laboratory-inoculated seed. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Fett, William F AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. wfett@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 848 EP - 852 VL - 65 IS - 5 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Chlorine KW - 4R7X1O2820 KW - Index Medicus KW - Seeds KW - Germination -- drug effects KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- pharmacology KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Food Preservation KW - Salmonella -- drug effects KW - Salmonella -- growth & development KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- drug effects KW - Fabaceae -- microbiology KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- growth & development KW - Chlorine -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71719038?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Reduction+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+and+Salmonella+spp.+on+laboratory-inoculated+mung+bean+seed+by+chlorine+treatmentt.&rft.au=Fett%2C+William+F&rft.aulast=Fett&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=848&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-30 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Serotype tracking of Salmonella through integrated broiler chicken operations. AN - 71717784; 12030282 AB - The widespread presence of Salmonella in all phases of broiler chicken production and processing is well documented. However, little information is available to indicate the identity and movement of specific serotypes of Salmonella through the different phases of an integrated operation. In this study, samples were collected from the breeder farm, from the hatchery, from the previous grow-out flock, from the flock during grow-out, and from carcasses after processing. Salmonella were recovered from 6, 98, 24, 60, and 7% of the samples, respectively, in the first trial and from 7, 98, 26, 22, and 36% of the samples, respectively, in the second trial. Seven different serotypes were identified in the first trial, and 12 different serotypes were identified in the second trial. For both trials there was poor correlation between the serotypes found in the breeder farms and those found in the hatchery. This finding and the fact that similar serotypes were found in the hatchery in both trials suggests that there was an endemic population of Salmonella in the hatchery. An association between the serotypes found in the hatchery and those found on the final processed carcasses was observed in both trials. This study confirms that a successful intervention program for broiler production operations must be multifaceted, with one component being disinfection in the hatchery. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Bailey, J S AU - Cox, N A AU - Craven, S E AU - Cosby, D E AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Athens, Georgia 30604, USA. jsbailey@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 742 EP - 745 VL - 65 IS - 5 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Food Contamination KW - Serotyping KW - Food-Processing Industry KW - Prevalence KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- microbiology KW - Poultry Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- prevention & control KW - Disinfection -- methods KW - Poultry Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Poultry Diseases -- microbiology KW - Chickens -- microbiology KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - Salmonella -- classification KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71717784?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Serotype+tracking+of+Salmonella+through+integrated+broiler+chicken+operations.&rft.au=Bailey%2C+J+S%3BCox%2C+N+A%3BCraven%2C+S+E%3BCosby%2C+D+E&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=742&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-30 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tissue residues of ractopamine and urinary excretion of ractopamine and metabolites in animals treated for 7 days with dietary ractopamine. AN - 71696631; 12019611 AB - Ractopamine HCl is a beta-adrenergic leanness-enhancing agent recently approved for use in swine. Depletion of ractopamine in tissues, and elimination of ractopamine and its metabolites in urine, is of interest for the detection of off-label use. The objectives of this study were to measure the residues of ractopamine in livers and kidneys of cattle (n = 6), sheep (n = 6), and ducks (n = 9) after treatment with dietary ractopamine for seven (sheep, ducks) or eight (cattle) consecutive days and to measure the depletion of ractopamine from urine of cattle and sheep. Two cattle and sheep and three ducks were each slaughtered with withdrawal periods of 0, 3, and 7 d. Urine samples were collected daily from cattle and sheep. Tissue ractopamine concentrations were determined using the regulatory method (FDA approved) for ractopamine in swine tissues. Ractopamine residues in urine samples were measured before and after hydrolysis of conjugates. Analysis was performed with HPLC using fluorescence detection after liquid- (hydrolyzed samples) and(or) solid-phase extraction. No residues were detected in duck tissues. Liver residues in sheep averaged 24.0 and 2.6 ppb after 0- and 3-d withdrawal periods, respectively. Sheep liver residues after a 7-d withdrawal period were less than the limit of quantification (2.5 ppb). Sheep kidney residues were 65.1 and undetectable at 0- and at 3- and 7-d, withdrawal periods, respectively. Cattle liver residues were 9.3, 2.5, and undetectable after 0-, 3-, and 7-d withdrawal periods, respectively; kidney residues were 97.5, 3.4, and undetectable at the same respective withdrawal periods. Concentrations of parent ractopamine in sheep urine were 9.8+/-3.3 ppb on withdrawal d 0 and were below the LOQ (5 ppb) beyond the 2-d withdrawal period. After the hydrolysis of conjugates, ractopamine concentrations were 5,272+/-1,361 ppb on withdrawal d 0 and 178+/-78 ppb on withdrawal d 7. Ractopamine concentrations in cattle urine ranged from 164+/-61.7 ng/mL (withdrawal d 0) to below the LOQ (50 ppb) on withdrawal d 4. After the hydrolysis of conjugates in cattle urine, ractopamine concentrations were 4,129+/-2,351 ppb (withdrawal d 0) to below the LOQ (withdrawal d 6). These data indicate that after the hydrolysis of conjugates, ractopamine should be detectable in urine of sheep as long as 7 d after the last exposure to ractopamine and as long as 5 d after withdrawal in cattle. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Smith, D J AU - Shelver, W L AD - USDA-ARS, Biosciences Research Laboratory, Fargo, ND 58105-5674, USA. smithd@fargo.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 1240 EP - 1249 VL - 80 IS - 5 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Adrenergic beta-Agonists KW - 0 KW - Phenethylamines KW - ractopamine KW - 57370OZ3P1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Animals KW - Kidney -- metabolism KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- veterinary KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Species Specificity KW - Male KW - Female KW - Phenethylamines -- pharmacokinetics KW - Cattle -- urine KW - Phenethylamines -- administration & dosage KW - Sheep -- urine KW - Cattle -- metabolism KW - Ducks -- metabolism KW - Sheep -- metabolism KW - Phenethylamines -- urine KW - Adrenergic beta-Agonists -- pharmacokinetics KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Adrenergic beta-Agonists -- administration & dosage KW - Adrenergic beta-Agonists -- urine KW - Phenethylamines -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71696631?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Tissue+residues+of+ractopamine+and+urinary+excretion+of+ractopamine+and+metabolites+in+animals+treated+for+7+days+with+dietary+ractopamine.&rft.au=Smith%2C+D+J%3BShelver%2C+W+L&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1240&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-02 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cryptosporidium muris-like infection in stomach of cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). AN - 71686858; 12014500 AB - Abstract. Protozoa were present in routine sections of the gastric fundus of 15 cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) that were being studied in three toxicity studies with novel immunosuppressive agents. Upon detailed light microscopic and ultrastructural evaluation, all stages of parasite development (trophozoites, schizonts, gamonts, and oocysts) were seen and they structurally resembled Cryptosporidium muris, which normally is found in stomachs of rodents. Cryptosporidia were primarily present in the upper one third of fundic glands that were often concurrently colonized by a Helicobacter heilmannii-like organism; however, no clear correlation was found between bacterial burden and the number of protozoa. The primarily mononuclear cellular infiltrate appeared to coincide with the presence of protozoa only in a few animals. Changes in mucous epithelial cells mainly occurred in animals that were part of a 39-week study. Mucous epithelial cells in affected glands contained an increased amount of mucus composed of predominantly acid mucosubstances compared to the normally present neutral mucosubstances. C. muris-like protozoa are newly recognized etiologies for opportunistic infections in the stomach of immunocompromized nonhuman primates. This is the first report of C. muris-like parasite in stomachs of monkeys. JF - Veterinary pathology AU - Dubey, J P AU - Markovits, J E AU - Killary, K A AD - Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA. jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 363 EP - 371 VL - 39 IS - 3 SN - 0300-9858, 0300-9858 KW - Index Medicus KW - Microscopy, Electron, Scanning -- veterinary KW - Animals KW - Gastric Fundus -- ultrastructure KW - Immunocompromised Host KW - Gastric Fundus -- pathology KW - Gastric Fundus -- parasitology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Stomach Diseases -- veterinary KW - Stomach Diseases -- parasitology KW - Macaca fascicularis KW - Stomach Diseases -- pathology KW - Cryptosporidiosis -- parasitology KW - Cryptosporidiosis -- veterinary KW - Cryptosporidium -- ultrastructure KW - Monkey Diseases -- parasitology KW - Cryptosporidiosis -- pathology KW - Monkey Diseases -- pathology KW - Cryptosporidium -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71686858?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+pathology&rft.atitle=Cryptosporidium+muris-like+infection+in+stomach+of+cynomolgus+monkeys+%28Macaca+fascicularis%29.&rft.au=Dubey%2C+J+P%3BMarkovits%2C+J+E%3BKillary%2C+K+A&rft.aulast=Dubey&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=363&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+pathology&rft.issn=03009858&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-22 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Promising new technology for managing diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) in cabbage with pheromone. AN - 71683218; 12009198 AB - Experiments were conducted in plantings of cabbage in spring 1999 and 2000 to evaluate a novel, new matrix system for delivering sex pheromone to suppress sexual communication by diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.). The liquid, viscous, slow-release formulation contained a combination of diamondback moth pheromone, a blend of Z-11-hexadecenyl acetate, 27%:Z-11-hexadecen-1-ol, 1%:Z-11-tetradecen-1-ol, 9%:Z-11-hexadecenal, 63%, and the insecticide permethrin (0.16% and 6% w/w of total formulated material, respectively). Field trapping experiments showed that the lure-toxicant combination was highly attractive to male moths for at least four weeks using as little as a 0.05 g droplet of formulated material per trap; and the permethrin insecticide had no apparent influence on response of moths to lure baited traps. Small field plots of cabbage were treated with the lure-toxicant-matrix combination using droplets of 0.44 and 0.05 g each applied to cabbage in a grid pattern at densities ranging from 990 to 4396 droplets/ha to evaluate the potential for disrupting sexual communication of diamondback moth. There was no significant difference in the level of suppression of sexual communication of diamondback moth, as measured by captures of males in pheromone-baited traps located in the treated plots, versus moths captured in untreated control plots, among the treatments regardless of droplet size (0.05 or 0.44 g) or number of droplets applied per ha. Plots treated with the smallest droplet size (0.05 g) and with the fewest number of droplets per ha (990) suppressed captures of male diamondback moths > 90% for up to 3 weeks post treatment. Although laboratory assays showed that the lure-toxicant combination was 100% effective at killing the diamondback moth, the mode of action in the field trials was not determined. The results indicate that the liquid, viscous, slow release formulation containing diamondback moth pheromone could be used to effectively suppress sexual communication of this pest in cabbage and other crucifers, although as many as three applications probably would be required for suppression over an entire growing season. JF - Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B, Pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes AU - Mitchell, Everett R AD - Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Gainesville, Florida 32609, USA. emitchell@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 277 EP - 290 VL - 37 IS - 3 SN - 0360-1234, 0360-1234 KW - Pheromones KW - 0 KW - Sex Attractants KW - Index Medicus KW - Sex Attractants -- toxicity KW - Animals KW - Sex Factors KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Population Density KW - Sex Attractants -- physiology KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Female KW - Behavior, Animal KW - Moths -- drug effects KW - Brassica -- chemistry KW - Pest Control, Biological -- methods KW - Pheromones -- physiology KW - Pheromones -- toxicity KW - Crops, Agricultural KW - Moths -- physiology KW - Sexual Behavior -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71683218?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+science+and+health.+Part.+B%2C+Pesticides%2C+food+contaminants%2C+and+agricultural+wastes&rft.atitle=Promising+new+technology+for+managing+diamondback+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Plutellidae%29+in+cabbage+with+pheromone.&rft.au=Mitchell%2C+Everett+R&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=Everett&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+science+and+health.+Part.+B%2C+Pesticides%2C+food+contaminants%2C+and+agricultural+wastes&rft.issn=03601234&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-08 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dietary copper affects azoxymethane-induced intestinal tumor formation and protein kinase C isozyme protein and mRNA expression in colon of rats. AN - 71638318; 11983831 AB - Previous studies have show that changes in protein kinase C (PKC) isoform expression may be related to increased susceptibility of copper-deficient rats to aberrant crypt formation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether dietary copper would affect azoxymethane-induced intestinal tumor formation and PKC isozyme expression in normal colonic mucosa and tumor samples. Eighty weanling Fischer-344 rats were randomly assigned to diets that contained either 0.8 or 5.3 microg Cu/g diet. After 24 and 31 d of diet consumption, 30 rats/diet were administered azoxymethane (15 mg/kg i.p.) and 10 rats/diet were administered saline. Rats continued to consume their respective diets for an additional 38 wk. Rats injected with azoxymethane and fed the low copper diet had a significantly (P < 0.0001) greater small intestinal and total tumor incidence compared with rats fed adequate dietary copper. However, dietary copper did not affect colon tumor incidence. Low dietary copper significantly (P < 0.004) decreased PKC alpha protein expression in normal but not in tumor tissue. In contrast, low dietary copper did not affect PKC delta or zeta protein expression in either the normal or tumor tissue. PKC alpha and delta protein and mRNA expression were lower in tumor tissue than in normal tissue. These results along with previous observations suggest that dietary copper-mediated changes in PKC alpha, delta and zeta protein expression are not as important for colon tumor promotion/progression as they are for tumor initiation. JF - The Journal of nutrition AU - Davis, Cindy D AU - Johnson, W Thomas AD - Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9034, USA. cdavis@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 1018 EP - 1025 VL - 132 IS - 5 SN - 0022-3166, 0022-3166 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Isoenzymes KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Copper KW - 789U1901C5 KW - Protein Kinase C KW - EC 2.7.11.13 KW - Azoxymethane KW - MO0N1J0SEN KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Azoxymethane -- toxicity KW - Random Allocation KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic -- drug effects KW - RNA, Messenger -- analysis KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Protein Kinase C -- metabolism KW - Colon -- pathology KW - Colon -- enzymology KW - Protein Kinase C -- genetics KW - Copper -- administration & dosage KW - Colon -- drug effects KW - Colonic Neoplasms -- prevention & control KW - Colonic Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Isoenzymes -- genetics KW - Isoenzymes -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71638318?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.atitle=Dietary+copper+affects+azoxymethane-induced+intestinal+tumor+formation+and+protein+kinase+C+isozyme+protein+and+mRNA+expression+in+colon+of+rats.&rft.au=Davis%2C+Cindy+D%3BJohnson%2C+W+Thomas&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Cindy&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=132&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1018&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.issn=00223166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-30 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ochratoxin production by the Aspergillus ochraceus group and Aspergillus alliaceus. AN - 71630312; 11976104 AB - Ochratoxin A is a toxic and carcinogenic fungal secondary metabolite; its presence in foods is increasingly regulated. Various fungi are known to produce ochratoxins, but it is not known which species produce ochratoxins consistently and which species cause ochratoxin contamination of various crops. We isolated fungi in the Aspergillus ochraceus group (section Circumdati) and Aspergillus alliaceus from tree nut orchards, nuts, and figs in California. A total of 72 isolates were grown in potato dextrose broth and yeast extract-sucrose broth for 10 days at 30 degrees C and tested for production of ochratoxin A in vitro by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Among isolates from California figs, tree nuts, and orchards, A. ochraceus and Aspergillus melleus were the most common species. No field isolates of A. ochraceus or A. melleus produced ochratoxin A above the level of detection (0.01 microg/ml). All A. alliaceus isolates produced ochratoxin A, up to 30 microg/ml. We examined 50,000 figs for fungal infections and measured ochratoxin content in figs with visible fungal colonies. Pooled figs infected with A. alliaceus contained ochratoxin A, figs infected with the A. ochraceus group had little or none, and figs infected with Penicillium had none. These results suggest that the little-known species A. alliaceus is an important ochratoxin-producing fungus in California and that it may be responsible for the ochratoxin contamination occasionally observed in figs. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Bayman, Paul AU - Baker, James L AU - Doster, Mark A AU - Michailides, Themis J AU - Mahoney, Noreen E AD - Plant Mycotoxin Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Albany, California 94710, USA. pbayman@upracd.upr.clu.edu Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 2326 EP - 2329 VL - 68 IS - 5 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Culture Media KW - 0 KW - Ochratoxins KW - ochratoxin A KW - 1779SX6LUY KW - Index Medicus KW - Ochratoxins -- metabolism KW - Fruit -- microbiology KW - Ficus -- microbiology KW - Nuts -- microbiology KW - Aspergillus ochraceus -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71630312?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Ochratoxin+production+by+the+Aspergillus+ochraceus+group+and+Aspergillus+alliaceus.&rft.au=Bayman%2C+Paul%3BBaker%2C+James+L%3BDoster%2C+Mark+A%3BMichailides%2C+Themis+J%3BMahoney%2C+Noreen+E&rft.aulast=Bayman&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=2326&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-12 N1 - Date created - 2002-04-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Can J Microbiol. 2000 Jul;46(7):593-9 [10932351] J Food Prot. 1999 Jun;62(6):650-6 [10382655] J Agric Food Chem. 2000 Aug;48(8):3616-9 [10956159] Med Mycol. 2000;38 Suppl 1:17-22 [11204142] Nature. 1965 Mar 13;205(976):1112-3 [5833211] Appl Microbiol. 1970 Mar;19(3):542-4 [5440175] Mycologia. 1972 May-Jun;64(3):539-50 [5029640] Can J Microbiol. 1972 May;18(5):631-6 [5032809] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1979 May;37(5):959-64 [485140] Mycopathologia. 1985 Jun;90(3):181-6 [4033738] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Feb;53(2):266-9 [3566267] J AOAC Int. 1993 Jul-Aug;76(4):842-6 [8374329] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1994 Jul;60(7):2650-2 [8074536] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1996 Dec;62(12):4461-4 [8953717] Mycopathologia. 1996;134(3):171-6 [8981783] Fungal Genet Biol. 2000 Jun;30(1):71-80 [10955909] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Concurrent pregnancy retards mammary involution: effects on apoptosis and proliferation of the mammary epithelium after forced weaning of mice. AN - 71613499; 11967212 AB - The effect of pregnancy on postweaning mammary gland involution was investigated in mice. On the third day after forced weaning at Lactation Day 10, the apoptotic index was 56% lower in mammary tissue of mice that were pregnant at the time of weaning than in nonpregnant mice. Conversely, the bromodeoxyuridine-labeling index was increased sevenfold in pregnant mice compared to nonpregnant controls (3.5% vs. 0.5%, respectively). Structure of mammary alveoli was largely maintained in postweaning pregnant mice. The effect of pregnancy on three specific mammary epithelial cell survival pathways was also examined. First, pregnancy blocked the loss of Stat5a phosphorylation during involution. Significantly, loss of Stat5a phosphorylation during involution was not correlated with loss of Stat5a nuclear localization. Second, pregnancy maintained nuclear-localized progesterone receptor during lactation. Third, pregnancy was associated with increased expression of bfl-1 during involution but had little effect on the expression of other bcl-2 family members. The data indicate that pregnancy inhibits mammary cell apoptosis after weaning while permitting proliferation of the mammary epithelium, and they support the hypothesis that Stat5a and progesterone-signaling pathways act in concert to mediate this effect. JF - Biology of reproduction AU - Capuco, Anthony V AU - Li, Minglin AU - Long, Ezhou AU - Ren, Shuxun AU - Hruska, Kathleen S AU - Schorr, Kristel AU - Furth, Priscilla A AD - Gene Evaluation and Mapping Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. acapuco@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 1471 EP - 1476 VL - 66 IS - 5 SN - 0006-3363, 0006-3363 KW - Antimetabolites KW - 0 KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - Milk Proteins KW - Receptors, Progesterone KW - STAT5 Transcription Factor KW - Stat5a protein, mouse KW - Trans-Activators KW - Progesterone KW - 4G7DS2Q64Y KW - Prolactin KW - 9002-62-4 KW - Bromodeoxyuridine KW - G34N38R2N1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Trans-Activators -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Cell Division -- physiology KW - Nuclease Protection Assays KW - Weaning KW - Mice KW - Pregnancy KW - Progesterone -- physiology KW - Blotting, Western KW - Epithelium -- growth & development KW - Receptors, Progesterone -- physiology KW - Prolactin -- physiology KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Female KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- metabolism KW - Mammary Glands, Animal -- physiology KW - Mammary Glands, Animal -- chemistry KW - Apoptosis -- physiology KW - Pregnancy, Animal -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71613499?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biology+of+reproduction&rft.atitle=Concurrent+pregnancy+retards+mammary+involution%3A+effects+on+apoptosis+and+proliferation+of+the+mammary+epithelium+after+forced+weaning+of+mice.&rft.au=Capuco%2C+Anthony+V%3BLi%2C+Minglin%3BLong%2C+Ezhou%3BRen%2C+Shuxun%3BHruska%2C+Kathleen+S%3BSchorr%2C+Kristel%3BFurth%2C+Priscilla+A&rft.aulast=Capuco&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1471&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biology+of+reproduction&rft.issn=00063363&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-10 N1 - Date created - 2002-04-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The influence of thermal, hydrologic and snow deformation mechanisms on snow water equivalent pressure sensor accuracy AN - 51863798; 2004-030090 AB - A five-year field study was conducted to determine the mechanisms that cause snow water equivalent (SWE) pressure sensor measurement errors. We monitored a 3-m snow pillow and installed three prototype electronic SWE sensors to examine how SWE errors occur. We measured heat flux in the sensors and the soil, snow temperature, soil moisture content, and soil thermal conductivity. The SWE of snow cores were used to assess the accuracy of the sensors. Results indicate that SWE measurement errors occur when the snow/SWE sensor and/or the snow/soil interfaces are at the melting temperature of snow. SWE over measurement errors occur when the sensor heat flux is less than the surrounding soil. SWE under measurement errors occur when the heat flux through the sensor is greater than through the soil. The most severe errors occur during the transition from winter to spring when the snow cover first reaches an isothermal condition producing a maximum difference in snowmelt rate between the snow/SWE sensor and snow/soil interfaces. SWE measurement errors are minimized when the sensor is designed to match the thermal properties of the surrounding soil, allow water to flow through the sensor, or to diffuse heat into the adjacent soil. JF - Proceedings of the Western Snow Conference AU - Johnson, Jerome B AU - Schaefer, Garry L Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 110 EP - 121 PB - Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO VL - 70 SN - 0161-0589, 0161-0589 KW - United States KW - snow cover KW - thermal conductivity KW - snow water equivalent KW - snow deformation KW - moisture KW - Boise Idaho KW - freezing KW - temperature KW - errors KW - heat flow KW - snow KW - climate effects KW - water content KW - snow-soil interface KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - Idaho KW - heat flux KW - thermal properties KW - thawing KW - measurement KW - Reynolds Mountain KW - Ada County Idaho KW - infiltration KW - accuracy KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51863798?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Western+Snow+Conference&rft.atitle=The+influence+of+thermal%2C+hydrologic+and+snow+deformation+mechanisms+on+snow+water+equivalent+pressure+sensor+accuracy&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Jerome+B%3BSchaefer%2C+Garry+L&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Jerome&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=&rft.spage=110&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Western+Snow+Conference&rft.issn=01610589&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.westernsnowconference.org/biblio LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 70th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 14 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2013-06-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - accuracy; Ada County Idaho; Boise Idaho; climate effects; errors; freezing; heat flow; heat flux; hydrology; Idaho; infiltration; measurement; moisture; Reynolds Mountain; snow; snow cover; snow deformation; snow water equivalent; snow-soil interface; soils; temperature; thawing; thermal conductivity; thermal properties; United States; water content ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil moisture data collection and water supply forecasting; the sequel AN - 51863493; 2004-030094 JF - Proceedings of the Western Snow Conference AU - Julander, Randall P Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 144 EP - 148 PB - Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO VL - 70 SN - 0161-0589, 0161-0589 KW - United States KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - water supply KW - snow cover KW - snowmelt KW - snow water equivalent KW - moisture KW - Wasatch Front KW - water management KW - snowpack KW - errors KW - saturation KW - infiltration KW - snow KW - runoff KW - water content KW - Utah KW - northern Utah KW - meltwater KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51863493?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Western+Snow+Conference&rft.atitle=Soil+moisture+data+collection+and+water+supply+forecasting%3B+the+sequel&rft.au=Julander%2C+Randall+P&rft.aulast=Julander&rft.aufirst=Randall&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=&rft.spage=144&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Western+Snow+Conference&rft.issn=01610589&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.westernsnowconference.org/biblio LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 70th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 5 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2013-06-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - errors; hydrology; infiltration; meltwater; moisture; northern Utah; runoff; saturation; snow; snow cover; snow water equivalent; snowmelt; snowpack; soils; United States; Utah; Wasatch Front; water content; water management; water supply ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methods for Maintaining Insect Cell Cultures AN - 19691715; 8695939 AB - Insect cell cultures are now commonly used in insect physiology, developmental biology, pathology, and molecular biology. As the field has advanced from methods development to a standard procedure, so has the diversity of scientists using the technique. This paper describes methods that are effective for maintaining various insect cell lines. The procedures are differentiated between loosely or non-attached cell strains, attached cell strains, and strongly adherent cell strains. JF - Journal of Insect Science (Tucson) AU - Lynn, Dwight E AD - USDA/ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, BARC-West, Bldg. 011A, Rm. 214, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350 USA., lynnd@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - Library of the University of Arizona, 1510 East University VL - 2 IS - 9 SN - 1536-2442, 1536-2442 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - subculture procedures KW - tissue culture KW - cell lines KW - trypsinization KW - suspension KW - attachment KW - Insect cells KW - Cell culture KW - Adherent cells KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture KW - Z 05330:Reproduction and Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19691715?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Insect+Science+%28Tucson%29&rft.atitle=Methods+for+Maintaining+Insect+Cell+Cultures&rft.au=Lynn%2C+Dwight+E&rft.aulast=Lynn&rft.aufirst=Dwight&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Insect+Science+%28Tucson%29&rft.issn=15362442&rft_id=info:doi/10.1672%2F1536-2442%282002%290022.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Insect cells; Cell culture; Adherent cells DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1672/1536-2442(2002)002[0001:MFMICC]2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - REPRODUCTION IN CAPTIVE WILD-CAUGHT COYOTES (CANIS LATRANS) AN - 19337385; 8696863 AB - We assessed reproductive patterns of coyotes (Canis latrans) from a 12-year data set involving 24 pairs of captive animals acquired from Latah County, Idaho. None of the females had placental scars (fetal implantation sites) at 1 year of age, but over 80% had placental scars by 2 years of age. The fraction with placental scars remained at 80-90% through age 9 years and then declined to <40% by age 12 years. Similarly, mean number of placental scars per female rose rapidly through 2-3 years of age, remained stable until age 8 years, and then progressively declined to a very low level by age 12 years. Numbers of pups observed were typically smaller than numbers of placental scars, with fewer placental scars represented by pups among younger females than older females. JF - Journal of Mammalogy AU - Green, Jeffrey S AU - Knowlton, Frederick F AU - Pitt, William C AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, United States Sheep Experiment Station, Dubois, ID 83423 (JSG), knowlton@cc.usu.edu Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 501 EP - 506 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. VL - 83 IS - 2 SN - 0022-2372, 0022-2372 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Canis latrans KW - placental scars KW - serial productivity KW - captive KW - coyote KW - reproduction KW - senescence KW - Age KW - Data processing KW - Placenta KW - Reproduction KW - Fetuses KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19337385?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.atitle=REPRODUCTION+IN+CAPTIVE+WILD-CAUGHT+COYOTES+%28CANIS+LATRANS%29&rft.au=Green%2C+Jeffrey+S%3BKnowlton%2C+Frederick+F%3BPitt%2C+William+C&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=501&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.issn=00222372&rft_id=info:doi/10.1644%2F1545-1542%282002%290832.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Age; Data processing; Placenta; Reproduction; Fetuses; Canis latrans DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2002)083<0501:RICWCC>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Effect of NaCl on Survival of Shigella flexneri in Broth as Affected by Temperature and pH AN - 18607455; 5509410 AB - Shigella, a major foodborne pathogen, survives well in salt-containing environments. However, systematic data are scarce. We studied the behavior of Shigella flexneri 5348 in brain heart infusion broth (pH 4 to 6) containing 0.5 to 8% NaCl. Stationary-phase cells were inoculated into sterile media at initial concentrations of 6 to 7 log sub(10) CFU/ml and incubated at 12 to 37 degree C. Bacterial population sizes were determined periodically by plate counts. Survivor curves were derived from plate count data by using a two-phase linear model to determine lag times and slopes of the curves, from which decimal reduction times (D-values) and times to a 4-log sub(10) inactivation (T sub(4D)) were calculated. In media of pH 6, the bacteria grew in the presence of less than or equal to 6% NaCl at 19 and 37 degree C and in the presence of less than or equal to 7% NaCl at 28 degree C. In media of pH 5, growth was observed in the presence of less than or equal to 2, less than or equal to 4, less than or equal to 4, and 0.5% NaCl at 37, 28, 19, and 12 degree C, respectively. Growth did not occur and bacterial populations gradually declined in media of pH 4. While NaCl had a major effect on growth, bacterial survival was affected to a lesser extent. Lag times decreased with increasing NaCl levels; however, the effect on D-values and T sub(4D) values was less pronounced. The average T sub(4D) values for media of pH 4 containing 0.5 to 6% NaCl were 4, 13, 23, and 61 days at 37, 28, 19, and 12 degree C, respectively. These results show that S. flexneri is salt tolerant and suggest that salty foods may serve as vehicles for infection with this bacterium. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Zaika, L L AD - Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 774 EP - 779 VL - 65 IS - 5 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18607455?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=The+Effect+of+NaCl+on+Survival+of+Shigella+flexneri+in+Broth+as+Affected+by+Temperature+and+pH&rft.au=Zaika%2C+L+L&rft.aulast=Zaika&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=774&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vegetation and climate characteristics of arid and semi-arid grasslands in North America and their biome transition zone AN - 18580452; 5407833 AB - The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship among species richness, functional group composition, and climate for three sites representing the shortgrass steppe, the Chihuahuan desert grasslands and their biome transition zone. We found that perennial species richness increased as the climate became more favorable for plant growth. The biome transition zone was more similar to the Chihuahuan desert grassland site in most climate and vegetation characteristics, partly because of the shorter biogeographic distance between the two sites. This study clarified the ecological position of the biome transition zone site with respect to the adjacent biomes. Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. JF - Journal of Arid Environments AU - Hochstrasser, T AU - Kroeel-Dulay, G AU - Peters, D P AU - Gosz, J R AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Jornada Experimental Range, MSC 3JER, NMSU, Las Cruces, NM, U.S.A. Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 55 EP - 78 PB - Academic Press VL - 51 IS - 1 SN - 0140-1963, 0140-1963 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Climate and vegetation KW - Grasslands KW - North America KW - USA KW - Climate and ecosystems KW - Vegetation type KW - Semiarid environments KW - Arid environments KW - Climatic conditions KW - D 04115:Temperate grasslands KW - M2 551.586:Biometeorology and Bioclimatology (551.586) KW - M2 551.585.55:Steppe climate (551.585.55) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18580452?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Arid+Environments&rft.atitle=Vegetation+and+climate+characteristics+of+arid+and+semi-arid+grasslands+in+North+America+and+their+biome+transition+zone&rft.au=Hochstrasser%2C+T%3BKroeel-Dulay%2C+G%3BPeters%2C+D+P%3BGosz%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Hochstrasser&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Arid+Environments&rft.issn=01401963&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fjare.2001.0929 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - North America; USA; Grasslands; Arid environments; Semiarid environments; Climatic conditions; Vegetation type; Climate and vegetation; Climate and ecosystems DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jare.2001.0929 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dietary Magnesium Depletion Affects Metabolic Responses during Submaximal Exercise in Postmenopausal Women AN - 18499252; 5462750 AB - Magnesium is an essential mineral that is required for optimal biological function including energy metabolism. Although national nutritional surveys indicate that usual magnesium intakes do not meet recommendations, particularly among older women, diet-induced magnesium depletion is considered rare among humans without concurrent illness. We examined the effects of dietary magnesium restriction on biochemical measures of magnesium nutriture and physiologic responses during submaximal exercise in 10 postmenopausal women, 45-71 y old, not receiving hormone replacement therapy. The women consumed diets containing conventional foods with varying magnesium content totaling 112 mg/8.4 MJ (2000 kcal) supplemented with 200 mg magnesium daily for 35d (control), then 112 mg/8.4 MJ for 93d (depletion) followed by 112 mg/8.4 MJ supplemented with 200 mg magnesium/d for 49d (repletion) in a depletion-repletion experiment. RBC magnesium concentration (P < 0.05), magnesium retention (P < 0.05) and skeletal muscle magnesium concentration (P < 0.05) decreased when dietary magnesium was restricted. Peak oxygen uptake, total and cumulative net oxygen uptake determined by using indirect calorimetry and peak heart rate increased (P < 0.05) during standardized submaximal work with restricted compared with adequate dietary magnesium. These findings indicate that dietary magnesium depletion can be induced in otherwise healthy women; it results in increased energy needs and adversely affects cardiovascular function during submaximal work. This may also explain previous observations of increased energy cost during standardized exercise in physically active men and women considered to have reduced magnesium nutriture. JF - Journal of Nutrition AU - Lukaski, H C AU - Nielsen, F H AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA, hlukaski@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 930 EP - 935 VL - 132 IS - 5 SN - 0022-3166, 0022-3166 KW - Physical Education Index KW - PE 090:Sports Medicine & Exercise Sport Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18499252?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Dietary+Magnesium+Depletion+Affects+Metabolic+Responses+during+Submaximal+Exercise+in+Postmenopausal+Women&rft.au=Lukaski%2C+H+C%3BNielsen%2C+F+H&rft.aulast=Lukaski&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=132&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=930&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Nutrition&rft.issn=00223166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Programs for monitoring antimicrobial resistance AN - 18480133; 5451534 AB - Use of antimicrobials has increased in both human and veterinary medicine and the emergence of resistance to antimicrobials has become a global problem. This is due, in part, to the widespread availability of antimicrobials and the efficacy they impart in control of certain infectious diseases. Antimicrobial resistance (AR) can diminish the effectiveness or render an antimicrobic ineffective as a therapeutic. Although use may result in bacteria (both food borne and commensal) that are resistant, the exact fate of these populations in terms of persistence and transmission has been difficult to determine. Use patterns in veterinary medicine (therapeutic vs. subtherapeutic use) and agriculture further complicates the picture. Additionally, while transmission of resistant bacteria from animals to humans occurs, it has been difficult to assess the extent to which this occurs and the impact transmission has on actually disseminating resistant populations among humans. National and international meetings have been held addressing these issues. However, experts have been unable to reach unanimous agreement regarding the impact of AR in agriculture and its impact on human health. Consequently, there is a critical need to define the extent of AR in food animal production as well as the factors favoring the development or acquisition of AR and in particular, to develop rapid means to detect AR in the field. Interwoven in this scenario is the observation that bacterial virulence may also be enhanced in more resistant bacteria. It is unknown whether a relationship between the two exists making an assessment of the role resistance plays in the pathogenesis of disease critical to understanding bacterial/drug interactions. Additionally, while many mechanisms of resistance have been well described, as resistance attributes are identified it becomes necessary to assess whether resistance is due to known or novel mechanisms in order to develop the means to interrupt its development. JF - Animal Biotechnology AU - Fedorka-Cray, P J AU - Englen, MD AU - Gray, J T AU - Hudson, C AU - Headrick, M L AD - USDA-ARS-Russell Research Center, Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, Athens, GA, USA, pcray@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 43 EP - 55 VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 1049-5398, 1049-5398 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01064:Microbial resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18480133?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Animal+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Programs+for+monitoring+antimicrobial+resistance&rft.au=Fedorka-Cray%2C+P+J%3BEnglen%2C+MD%3BGray%2C+J+T%3BHudson%2C+C%3BHeadrick%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Fedorka-Cray&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Animal+Biotechnology&rft.issn=10495398&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FABIO-120005769 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/ABIO-120005769 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of Seed Size on Exploitation by the Rice Weevil, Sitophilus oryzae AN - 18476428; 5443598 AB - Oviposition decisions and their fitness consequences for the seed parasite Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) were investigated. Female S. oryzae lay eggs inside seeds such as wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.)]. Because larvae develop to adult within a single seed, the resources available are determined by the behavior of the female parent and characteristics of the seed in which the egg was deposited. Females were demonstrated to lay more eggs in kernels greater than or equal to 20 mg. Females initiated the chewing of oviposition holes in shriveled kernels but were less likely to oviposit in them. Progeny size increased with increasing seed size, but the probability of an adult emerging was not affected. Females accepted large kernels more quickly than small kernels and this contributed to increased oviposition in large kernels. The increase in the number of eggs per kernel appears to result from an increase in number of visits resulting in oviposition rather than an increase in the number of eggs laid during a visit. JF - Journal of Insect Behavior AU - Campbell, J F AD - USDA ARS, Grain Marketing and Production Research Center, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA, campbell@usgmrl.ksu.edu Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 429 EP - 446 VL - 15 IS - 3 SN - 0892-7553, 0892-7553 KW - Coleoptera KW - Weevils KW - seed size KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25423:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18476428?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.atitle=Influence+of+Seed+Size+on+Exploitation+by+the+Rice+Weevil%2C+Sitophilus+oryzae&rft.au=Campbell%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=429&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.issn=08927553&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measures of Bacillus thuringiensis persistence in the corn whorl AN - 18474843; 5446257 AB - Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner is not toxic to humans and a treated field can be entered immediately. Therefore, viable B. thuringiensis spores remaining on the plant, live larvae on the plant, and insecticidal activity of the crystal toxin can be measured over time. When B. thuringiensis is applied to corn as a spray or granular formulation, ultraviolet light and rainfall destroy much of the insecticidal activity of the bacterium (Behle et al., 1997). Longevity of B. thuringiensis has been measured when applied with over the row equipment (Lynch et al., 1980), but not when placed directly into the corn whorl. The objectives of these studies were to determine the the longevity of B. thuringiensis spores applied directly into the corn whorl,determine the reliability of the number of live larvae in the whorl to predict centimeters of tunnelling, and determine the insecticidal activity of the B. thuringiensis crystal toxin within the whorl of the corn plant. JF - Journal of Invertebrate Pathology AU - Lewis, L AU - Bruck, D AU - Gunnarson, R AD - USDA-ARS, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Genetics Laboratory, Insectary Building, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 69 EP - 71 PB - Academic Press VL - 80 IS - 1 SN - 0022-2011, 0022-2011 KW - Insecta KW - crystal toxin KW - maize KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - A 01023:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18474843?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.atitle=Measures+of+Bacillus+thuringiensis+persistence+in+the+corn+whorl&rft.au=Lewis%2C+L%3BBruck%2C+D%3BGunnarson%2C+R&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.issn=00222011&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0022-2011%2802%2900041-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2011(02)00041-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative activity of baculoviruses against the codling moth Cydia pomonella and three other tortricid pests of tree fruit AN - 18474792; 5446256 AB - The granulovirus of Cydia pomonella (L.) (CpGV) offers potential for selective control of codling moth. Two major limitations of CpGV are its narrow host range and lack of persistence in the orchard agroecosystem. The nucleopolyhedroviruses of the alfalfa looper Autographa californica (Speyer) (AcMNPV) and those of the celery looper Anagrapha falcifera (Kirby) (AfMNPV) have broad host ranges. Comparative assays of CpGV,Ac MNPV, and AfMNPV against codling moth neonate larvae revealed a 54-93-fold greater susceptibility of codling moth to the granulovirus than to the two nucleopolyhedroviruses based on the LC sub(50) values for each virus. The LC sub(50)s forCp GV, AfMNPV, and AcMNPV were 32.7 capsules/ mm super(2),1.77 x 10 super(3) occlusion bodies (OBs)/ mm super(2), and3.05 x 10 super(3) OBs/mm super(2) , respectively. The LT sub(50) determined forAf MNPV using an approximate LC sub(95) of the virus against neonate larvae was 3.6 days. Histological examination of tissues in moribund codling moth larvae that had been treated with AfMNPV revealed the presence of nonoccluded and unenveloped virus rods in midgut tissue. Neither OBs nor signs of infection were detected in other tissues. The activity ofAf MNPV was also evaluated in three other tortricid apple pests (obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris); Pandemis leafroller, Pandemis pyrusana Kearfott; and the oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta (Busck)). Codling and Oriental fruit moths were significantly more susceptible to AfMNPV than were the two leafroller species. [copy ] 2002 Elsevier Science (USA) JF - Journal of Invertebrate Pathology AU - Lacey, L AU - Vail, P AU - Hoffmann, D AD - Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 5230 Konnowac Pass Road, Wapato, WA 98951, USA Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 64 EP - 68 PB - Academic Press VL - 80 IS - 1 SN - 0022-2011, 0022-2011 KW - Alfalfa looper KW - Celery looper KW - Leaf rollers KW - Lepidoptera KW - Noctuid moths KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18474792?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.atitle=Comparative+activity+of+baculoviruses+against+the+codling+moth+Cydia+pomonella+and+three+other+tortricid+pests+of+tree+fruit&rft.au=Lacey%2C+L%3BVail%2C+P%3BHoffmann%2C+D&rft.aulast=Lacey&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=64&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.issn=00222011&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0022-2011%2802%2900036-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2011(02)00036-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Attraction of Mexican Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) to Grapefruit: Enhancement by Mechanical Wounding of and Experience with Grapefruit AN - 18472498; 5443596 AB - Wild strain, mated, female Mexican fruit flies, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), with no prior experience with fruit (naive), were not attracted to grapefruit, a preferred cultivated host, in wind tunnel experiments. Naive, mated laboratory strain females were attracted. Prior experience with grapefruit increased attraction of both laboratory and wild strains. More females were attracted to fruit with peel damage than to undamaged fruit, indicating that fruit odor mediated attraction. More naive than experienced females attempted to oviposit on the sides of the wind tunnel. Experienced laboratory males, but not wild males or naive males, were attracted to grapefruit. Attraction and oviposition behavior of laboratory flies was greater than that of wild flies. JF - Journal of Insect Behavior AU - Robacker, D C AU - Fraser, I AD - USDA, ARS, Kika de la Garza SARC, 2413 East Highway 83, Building 200, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA, drobacker@weslaco.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 399 EP - 414 VL - 15 IS - 3 SN - 0892-7553, 0892-7553 KW - Diptera KW - Fruit flies KW - Mexican fruit fly KW - grapefruit KW - Ecology Abstracts; Chemoreception Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18472498?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.atitle=Attraction+of+Mexican+Fruit+Flies+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29+to+Grapefruit%3A+Enhancement+by+Mechanical+Wounding+of+and+Experience+with+Grapefruit&rft.au=Robacker%2C+D+C%3BFraser%2C+I&rft.aulast=Robacker&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=399&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.issn=08927553&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Salmonella enterica Infections in Market Swine with and without Transport and Holding AN - 18457255; 5430204 AB - The objective of this study was to compare, by using identical sample types, the Salmonella enterica prevalences and serovar diversities between pigs necropsied on the farm and those necropsied at the abattoir after transport and holding. We necropsied 567 market weight pigs (>70 kg) from six herds. Pigs were alternately assigned to be necropsied on the farm or at the abattoir. One-half of the group was sent in clean, disinfected trailers to slaughter at a commercial abattoir. After transport (mean distance, 169 km) and 2 to 3 h of holding in antemortem pens, these pigs were necropsied. The 50 pigs remaining on the farm were necropsied the following day. The same sample types and amounts were collected for S. enterica culture at both locations. Results show a sevenfold-higher (P < 0.001) S. enterica isolation rate from pigs necropsied at the abattoir (39.9%; 114 of 286) than from those necropsied on the farm (5.3%; 15 of 281). This difference was also observed for each individual herd. All sample types showed a significantly higher prevalence when comparing abattoir to on-farm collection, respectively: lymph nodes, 9.15 versus 3.6%; cecal contents, 13.6 versus 1.8%; 1 g of fecal matter, 25.2 versus 0.7%. Recovery of additional serovars at the abattoir suggests the pigs are receiving S. enterica from extra-farm sources. This study demonstrates that rapid infection during transport, and particularly during holding, is a major reason for increased S. enterica prevalence in swine. This finding identifies the holding pen as an important S. enterica control point in the pork production chain. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Hurd, H S AU - McKean, J D AU - Griffith, R W AU - Wesley, I V AU - Rostagno, M H AD - USDA, ARS, National Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010., shurd@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 2376 EP - 2381 VL - 68 IS - 5 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - infection KW - pigs KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02862:Infection KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18457255?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Salmonella+enterica+Infections+in+Market+Swine+with+and+without+Transport+and+Holding&rft.au=Hurd%2C+H+S%3BMcKean%2C+J+D%3BGriffith%2C+R+W%3BWesley%2C+I+V%3BRostagno%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Hurd&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=2376&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.68.5.2376-2381.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.5.2376-2381.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tissue disposition, excretion and metabolism of 2,2",4,4",5-pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-99) in the male Sprague-Dawley rat AN - 18449913; 5428309 AB - 1. A disposition, metabolism and excretion study of orally administered 2,2",4,4",5-pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-99) was conducted in the conventional and bile duct-cannulated male rat. 2. In the conventional rat, >50% of the radiolabelled dose was retained at 72 h, and lipophilic tissues were the preferred sites for disposition, i.e. adipose tissue, adrenals, gastrointestinal tract and skin. 3. Urinary excretion of BDE-99 was very low (<1% of dose), and glucuronidation of phenolic metabolites was suggested. 4. Biliary excretion of BDE-99 was slightly greater than observed in urine, i.e. 3.6% at 72h. 5. Over 43% of the dose in the conventional male rat and 86% in the bile duct-cannulated rat was excreted in the faeces, mainly as the unmetabolized parent compound. 6. Metabolites in bile and faeces were not conjugated. Mono- and di-hydroxylated pentabromodiphenyl ether metabolites were characterized by mass spectrometry. Two thiol metabolites were characterized in the bile. Oxidative debromination was also observed in the faecal metabolites. 7. Tissue BDE-99 was readily extractable, except for in the liver. The tissue super(14)C was not associated with lipids and was mainly the unmetabolized parent compound. 8. Total thyroxine (T4) plasma levels were elevated at 3 and 6 days, and returned to control levels by day 12. JF - Xenobiotica AU - Hakk, H AU - Larsen, G AU - Klasson-Wehler, E AD - USDA, ARS, Biosciences Research Laboratory, PO Box 5674, Fargo, ND 58105-5647 USA Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 369 EP - 382 VL - 32 IS - 5 SN - 0049-8254, 0049-8254 KW - 2,2',4,4',5-Pentabromodiphenyl ether KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24153:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18449913?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Xenobiotica&rft.atitle=Tissue+disposition%2C+excretion+and+metabolism+of+2%2C2%22%2C4%2C4%22%2C5-pentabromodiphenyl+ether+%28BDE-99%29+in+the+male+Sprague-Dawley+rat&rft.au=Hakk%2C+H%3BLarsen%2C+G%3BKlasson-Wehler%2C+E&rft.aulast=Hakk&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=369&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Xenobiotica&rft.issn=00498254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantifying the mechanical and hydrologic effects of riparian vegetation on streambank stability AN - 18438685; 5409482 AB - Riparian vegetation strips are widely used by river managers to increase streambank stability, among other purposes. However, though the effects of vegetation on bank stability are widely discussed they are rarely quantified, and generally underemphasize the importance of hydrologic processes, some of which may be detrimental. This paper presents results from an experiment in which the hydrologic and mechanical effects of four riparian tree species and two erosion-control grasses were quantified in relation to bank stability. Geotechnical and pore-water pressure data from streambank plots under three riparian covers (mature trees, clump grasses and bare/cropped turf grass) were used to drive the ARS bank stability model, and the resulting factor of safety (F sub(s)) was broken down into its constituent parts to assess the contribution (beneficial or detrimental) of individual hydrologic and mechanical effects (soil moisture modification, root reinforcement and surcharge). Tree roots were found to increase soil strength by 2-8 kPa depending on species, while grass roots contributed 6-18 kPa. Slope stability analysis based on data collected during bank failures in spring 2000 (following a very dry antecedent period) shows that the mechanical effects of the tree cover increased F sub(s) by 32 per cent, while the hydrologic effects increased F sub(s) by 71 per cent. For grasses the figures were 70 per cent for mechanical effects and a reduction of F sub(s) by 10 per cent for the hydrologic effects. However, analysis based on bank failures in spring 2001 (following a wetter than average antecedent period) showed the mechanical effects of the tree cover to increase F sub(s) by 46 per cent, while hydrologic effects added 29 per cent. For grasses the figures were 49 per cent and -15 per cent respectively. During several periods in spring 2001 the hydrologic effects of the tree cover reduced bank stability, though this was always offset by the stabilizing mechanical effects. The results demonstrate the importance of hydrologic processes in controlling streambank stability, and highlight the need to select riparian vegetation based on hydrologic as well as mechanical and ecological criteria. JF - Earth Surface Processes and Landforms AU - Simon, A AU - Collison, AJC AD - USDA-ARS National Sedimentation Laboratory, PO Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655, USA, asimon@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 527 EP - 546 VL - 27 IS - 5 SN - 0197-9337, 0197-9337 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18438685?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.atitle=Quantifying+the+mechanical+and+hydrologic+effects+of+riparian+vegetation+on+streambank+stability&rft.au=Simon%2C+A%3BCollison%2C+AJC&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=527&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.issn=01979337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Geomorphic Responses to Land Use Changes. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dynamics of a protective avian inflammatory response: the role of an IL-8-like cytokine in the recruitment of heterophils to the site of organ invasion by Salmonella enteritidis AN - 18436521; 5410361 AB - Increased resistance to Salmonella enteritidis (SE) organ infectivity in chickens can be conferred by the prophylactic administration of SE-immune lymphokines (ILK). Resistance is associated with an enhanced heterophilic accumulation within 4 h of ILK injection. In these studies, the role of IL-8 in ILK-mediated heterophil recruitment during SE infections in young chickens was investigated. Heterophil accumulation was enhanced 2-4 h after the i.p. injection of both ILK and SE (ILK/SE) when compared to the control chicks. An i.p. injection of a rabbit polyclonal anti-human IL-8 antibody significantly (P < 0.01) reduced the accumulation of heterophils in the peritoneum after the injection of ILK/SE. Injections of preimmune rabbit IgG had no effect on peritoneal heterophil numbers. Within 2 h of injection of ILK/SE, a ten-fold increase in heterophil chemotactic activity was found in the peritoneal lavage fluid from these chicks compared to the saline control chicks. Pretreatment, with the anti-IL-8 antibody, of the peritoneal lavage fluids collected from the ILK/SE-treated chicks dramatically reduced this heterophil chemotactic activity. Treatment of the lavage fluids from all groups with preimmune IgG had no effect on heterophil chemotaxis. Additionally, pretreatment of ILK with the anti-human IL-8 antibody had no effect on heterophil chemotaxis. The results from these experiments suggest that IL-8 is produced locally by the host in response to both the SE infection and the ILK. With these studies, it was established that IL-8 is a major chemotactic factor produced by the host, which aids in mediating the ILK/SE-induced recruitment of heterophils to the site of SE invasion. JF - Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases AU - Kogut, M H AD - USDA-ARS, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, 2881 F and B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA, kogut@ffsru.tamu.edu Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 159 EP - 172 VL - 25 IS - 3 SN - 0147-9571, 0147-9571 KW - chickens KW - heterophils KW - rabbits KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - F 067735:Interleukins KW - F 06772:Other cells (leukocytes, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, platelets) KW - J 02862:Infection KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - F 06735:Mediators UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18436521?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comparative+Immunology%2C+Microbiology+and+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Dynamics+of+a+protective+avian+inflammatory+response%3A+the+role+of+an+IL-8-like+cytokine+in+the+recruitment+of+heterophils+to+the+site+of+organ+invasion+by+Salmonella+enteritidis&rft.au=Kogut%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Kogut&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Comparative+Immunology%2C+Microbiology+and+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=01479571&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evidence for a sex pheromone in bark beetle parasitoid Roptrocerus xylophagorum AN - 18433653; 5405236 AB - Male Roptrocerus xylophagorum (Ratzeburg) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) exhibited courtship and mating behaviors including wing fanning, antennation, mounting, and copulation attempts when exposed to glass bulb decoys coated with a whole-body extract of females in hexane, acetone, or methanol. Activity of extract-treated decoys declined gradually over one week. Males responded much less strongly to freeze-killed female cadavers extracted with solvents than to unextracted cadavers; treatment of extracted cadavers with female extract restored male responses. The pheromone was found to be equally present over the surface of both the abdomen and head/thorax of females, and the origin of the pheromone could not be conclusively localized to any single body region. The activity of pheromone on females increased between day 1 and days 3-5 following eclosion; otherwise, pheromone activity was not significantly affected by either female age or mating. Males were arrested within the zone of a glass surface on which females had walked, suggesting that the pheromone might be substrate-borne. Recent exposure to females reduced male responsiveness, but responsiveness was fully restored after a few hours of male isolation from females. When hexane extracts of whole females were fractionated on silica gel, the pheromone's activity was largely recovered with the first, most nonpolar fraction. Female extracts and fractions were analyzed by coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Cuticular hydrocarbon alkanes were identified as the extract components whose concentrations correlated best with male responses. Evidence of the pheromone's long persistence, low volatility, low polarity, and presence over the insect's entire body surface further supported the hypothesis that the pheromone was composed of one or more cuticular hydrocarbons. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Sullivan, B T AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 2500 Shreveport Hwy, Pineville, Louisiana 71360, USA, briansullivan@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 1045 EP - 1064 VL - 28 IS - 5 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Males KW - Pteromalid wasps KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25423:Insects KW - Z 05175:Pheromones, repellents & attractants KW - R 18051:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18433653?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+a+sex+pheromone+in+bark+beetle+parasitoid+Roptrocerus+xylophagorum&rft.au=Sullivan%2C+B+T&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1045&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The geographic distribution of pubescence in the sea daisy, Borrichia aborescens, on Bahamian Islands AN - 18414698; 5400004 AB - Borrichia aborescens (L.) DC. is a salt-tolerant perennial herb that is common on small islands in the central Bahamas. Two morphotypes are present: one with densely pubescent leaves and one with glabrous leaves. I conducted surveys in three archipelagos to document the geographical distribution of pubescence in this species and to infer the underlying mechanisms. B. aborescens was also grown from seed in a greenhouse. The pubescent form of B. aborescens was relatively more abundant on small islands than on nearby large 'mainland' islands. In two of the three archipelagoes, pubescence increased with distance on small islands. The pubescent form was relatively more abundant on small islands exposed to the open ocean compared to small islands that were protected by mainland islands or reefs on all sides. On a large mainland island, the pubescent form decreased in relative abundance inland from the coast. B. aborescens cultivated in a greenhouse revealed the effect of a genetic factor on the expression of pubescence. The observed patterns of variation are consistent with a physiological explanation for the adaptive benefit of pubescence. Trichomes may prevent physical blockage of the stomata by accumulation of salt in areas near breaking waves and salt spray. JF - Global Ecology and Biogeography AU - Morrison, L W AD - Section of Evolution and Ecology, Division of Biological Sciences, and Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A., lmorrison@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 247 EP - 252 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 1466-822X, 1466-822X KW - leaf pubescence KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18414698?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Ecology+and+Biogeography&rft.atitle=The+geographic+distribution+of+pubescence+in+the+sea+daisy%2C+Borrichia+aborescens%2C+on+Bahamian+Islands&rft.au=Morrison%2C+L+W&rft.aulast=Morrison&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=247&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Ecology+and+Biogeography&rft.issn=1466822X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1466-822X.2002.00282.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1466-822X.2002.00282.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wolbachia Infection in the Coffee Berry Borer (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) AN - 18413830; 5400500 AB - A nested polymerase chain reaction protocol yielded positive detection of the maternally inherited cytoplasmic proteobacterium Wolbachia in total genomic DNA from coffee berry borers collected in Benin, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Honduras, India, Kenya, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Uganda. Wolbachia was not detected in specimens from Cameroon, the Dominican Republic, Indonesia, Jamaica, and Peru. Amplified bands from India and Brazil were cloned and sequenced. The 438-bp sequence clearly conformed to Wolbachia group B and was nearly identical to that of Ephestia kuehniella. The possible implications of Wolbachia infection in the coffee berry borer are discussed. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Vega, F E AU - Benavides, P AU - Stuart, JA AU - O'Neill, S L Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 374 EP - 378 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 95 IS - 3 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Bark beetles KW - Beetles KW - Coleoptera KW - cloning KW - infection KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02870:Invertebrate bacteriology KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18413830?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Wolbachia+Infection+in+the+Coffee+Berry+Borer+%28Coleoptera%3A+Scolytidae%29&rft.au=Vega%2C+F+E%3BBenavides%2C+P%3BStuart%2C+JA%3BO%27Neill%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Vega&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=374&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0013-8746%282002%29095%280374%3AWIITCB%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0013-8746&volume=95&page=374 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0013-8746(2002)095(0374:WIITCB)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tagetis as a biocontrol agent for Canada thistle AN - 18407442; 5400801 AB - Growth chamber and field experiments were conducted to assess the potential of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tagetis (Pst) as a biocontrol agent for Canada thistle. Silwet L-77, an organosilicone surfactant, was required to facilitate Pst penetration into Canada thistle leaves. Growth chamber experiments indicated that maximum Pst populations inside leaves were obtained with a Silwet L-77 concentration of 0.3% (v/v) or greater. High Pst populations (109 colony-forming units [cfu] per gram fresh weight) were found in leaves 48 h after treatment with 108 or 109 cfu ml-1 Pst plus Silwet L-77 (0.3%, v/v). In growth chamber experiments, foliar application of Pst (109 cfu ml-1) plus Silwet L-77 (0.3%, v/v) on 4- to 5-wk-old Canada thistle reduced shoot dry weight by 52% (measured 14 d after treatment) and chlorophyll content of emerging leaves by 92% (measured 10 d after treatment). In field trials conducted in 1999 and 2000, Pst (109 cfu ml-1) plus Silwet L-77 (0.3%, v/v) were applied at 700 L ha-1, and the method of application (paint gun, backpack sprayer, boom) and the number of applications (one or two separated by 14 d) were examined. Averaged over 2 yr, two applications with a backpack sprayer resulted in 67% disease incidence (apical chlorosis) of treated plants measured 4 wk after the initial treatment (WAIT). At the time of flower bud formation (8 WAIT), there was little or no disease incidence, 31% reduction in plant height, 81% reduction in number of flower buds, and 20% reduction in shoot survival during 1999 but no effect on survival in 2000. Nomenclature: Canada thistle, Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. CIRAR; soybean, Glycine max L. 'Lambert', 'Kato'. JF - Weed Science AU - Gronwald, J W AU - Plaisance, K L AU - Ide, DA AU - Wyse, D L AD - Plant Science Research Unit, USDA-ARS, St. Paul, MN 55108, gronw001@tc.umn.edu Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 397 EP - 404 PB - Weed Science Society of America VL - 50 IS - 3 SN - 0043-1745, 0043-1745 KW - Canada thistle KW - Silwet L-77 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01042:Antimicrobial & microbiocidal agents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18407442?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Science&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+Pseudomonas+syringae+pv.+tagetis+as+a+biocontrol+agent+for+Canada+thistle&rft.au=Gronwald%2C+J+W%3BPlaisance%2C+K+L%3BIde%2C+DA%3BWyse%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Gronwald&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=397&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Science&rft.issn=00431745&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0043-1745%282002%29050%280397%3AAOPSPT%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0043-1745(2002)050(0397:AOPSPT)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative analysis of gene expression by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection AN - 18401346; 5388828 AB - There has been a dramatic expansion of DNA sequence information compiled over the past several years for a variety of eukaryotic and prokaryotic genomes. Accompanying this increase in knowledge of genomic structure and organization has been a growing interest in studying the function of individual genes including regulation of their expression. A number of methods such as Northern blotting, ribonuclease protection assay, and hybridization arrays have been developed to analyze gene expression at the transcriptional (mRNA) level. Although quantitative estimates of mRNA transcripts can be obtained from each of these methods, oftentimes they lack sufficient sensitivity or the methodology is too costly or too labor-intensive to be applied to the analysis of a large number of samples. The most sensitive method for analyzing gene expression at the mRNA level involves the combination of reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). However, in order to provide accurate quantitative estimates of gene expression, a rapid and efficient method is required for separation and detection of the double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) products of RT-PCR. Recent advances in capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (CE/LIF) have made this method suitable for the automated analysis of large numbers of RT-PCR samples. An overview of the application of CE/LIF to quantitative analysis of gene expression by RT-PCR is presented along with selected protocols and examples. Both relative-quantitative (RQ) and quantitative-competitive (QC) approaches to RT-PCR are discussed in conjunction with the use of CE/LIF for rapid and accurate quantitative analysis of PCR products. JF - Molecular Biotechnology AU - Richards, M P AU - Poch, S M AD - United States Department of Agriculture; Agricultural Research Service, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Growth Biology Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Building 200, Room 206, BARC-East, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, USA, richards@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 19 EP - 38 VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 1073-6085, 1073-6085 KW - gene expression KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W3 33243:Molecular methods KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18401346?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Quantitative+analysis+of+gene+expression+by+reverse+transcription+polymerase+chain+reaction+and+capillary+electrophoresis+with+laser-induced+fluorescence+detection&rft.au=Richards%2C+M+P%3BPoch%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Richards&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Biotechnology&rft.issn=10736085&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The enrichment of a ruminal bacterium (Megasphaera elsdenii YJ-4) that produces the trans -10, cis -12 isomer of conjugated linoleic acid AN - 18391194; 5380869 AB - Aims: To isolate predominant ruminal bacteria that produce trans -10, cis -12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) from linoleic acid (LA). Methods and Results: Mixed bacteria from ruminal contents of a cow fed grain were enriched with DL-lactate and trypticase. They produced more trans -10, cis -12 CLA than those that were not enriched (7 vs 2 mu g mg protein super(-1) , P < 0.05). Enrichments had an abundance of large cocci that produced trans -10, cis -12 CLA from LA. Strain YJ-4 produced the most trans -10, cis -12 CLA (approx. 7 mu g mg protein super(-1) ) and 16S rDNA sequencing indicated that YJ-4 was a strain of Megasphaera elsdenii. Megasphaera elsdenii T81 produced approx. 4 mu g trans -10, cis -12 CLA mg protein super(-1) while strains B159, AW106 and JL1 produced < 0.5 mu g mg protein super(-1) . The trans -10, cis -12 CLA production of YJ-4 was first order with respect to cell concentration (0-800 mu g protein ml super(-1) ), but kinetics were not first order with respect to substrate concentration. Conclusions: Some M. elsdenii strains produce significant amounts of trans -10, cis -12 CLA. Significance and Impact of the Study: Trans- 10, cis -12 CLA appears to cause milk fat depression in cattle fed diets supplemented with grain and polyunsaturated fatty acids, but predominant ruminal bacteria that produced trans -10, cis -12 CLA from LA had not previously been isolated. JF - Journal of Applied Microbiology AU - Kim, Y AU - Liu, R AU - Rychlik, J AU - Russell, J AD - Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA, Department of Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Ithaca, NY, USA, jbr8@cornell.edu Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 976 EP - 982 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 92 IS - 5 SN - 1364-5072, 1364-5072 KW - trypticase KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02702:Transport, isolation, selection and enrichment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18391194?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=The+enrichment+of+a+ruminal+bacterium+%28Megasphaera+elsdenii+YJ-4%29+that+produces+the+trans+-10%2C+cis+-12+isomer+of+conjugated+linoleic+acid&rft.au=Kim%2C+Y%3BLiu%2C+R%3BRychlik%2C+J%3BRussell%2C+J&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=976&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=13645072&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2672.2002.01610.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2002.01610.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An Epidemic of Almond Witches'-broom in Lebanon: Classification and Phylogenetic Relationships of the Associated Phytoplasma AN - 18389086; 5377313 AB - An epidemic of almond witches'-broom has devastated almond production in Lebanon. Thousands of almond trees have died over the past 10 years due to the rapid spread of the disease. The symptoms, which include early flowering, stunted growth, leaf rosetting, dieback, off-season growth, proliferation of slender shoots, and witches'-brooms arising mainly from the main trunk and roots, resemble those caused by phytoplasmal infections. For the detection of the putative causal agent, nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using universal primers (P1/P7, R16mF2/R16mR1, and R16F2n/R16R2) commonly used for the specific diagnosis of plant pathogenic phytoplasmas. Phytoplasmas were readily detected from infected trees with witches'-broom symptoms collected from three major almond growing regions in Lebanon. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of PCR products amplified by the primer pair R16F2n/R16R2 revealed that the phytoplasma associated with infected almonds is similar to, but distinct from, members of the pigeon pea witches'-broom phytoplasma group (16SrIX). A new subgroup, 16SrIX-B, was designated. Sequencing of the amplified products of the phytoplasma 16S rRNA gene indicated that almond witches'-broom (AlmWB) phytoplasma is most closely related to members of the pigeon pea witches'-broom phytoplasma group (with sequence homology ranging from 98.4 to 99.0%). Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA sequences from AlmWB phytoplasma and from representative phytoplasmas from GenBank showed that the AlmWB phytoplasma represents a distinct lineage within the pigeon pea witches'-broom subclade. The same phytoplasma appears also to infect peach and nectarine seedlings. JF - Plant Disease AU - Abou-Jawdah, Y AU - Karakashian, A AU - Sobh, H AU - Martini, M AU - Lee, Ing-Ming AD - Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, leeim@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 477 EP - 484 VL - 86 IS - 5 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01028:Others KW - J 02880:Plant diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18389086?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=An+Epidemic+of+Almond+Witches%27-broom+in+Lebanon%3A+Classification+and+Phylogenetic+Relationships+of+the+Associated+Phytoplasma&rft.au=Abou-Jawdah%2C+Y%3BKarakashian%2C+A%3BSobh%2C+H%3BMartini%2C+M%3BLee%2C+Ing-Ming&rft.aulast=Abou-Jawdah&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=477&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Model for Probabilistic Assessment of Phytosanitary Risk Reduction Measures AN - 18387659; 5377323 AB - Ideally, a phytosanitary performance standard would be defined as a probabilistic tolerance. For treatments such as solid wood pasteurization, this could be operationalized by stating with a specific degree of confidence that the treatment failure rate for a sentinel pest should be less than a defined level (e.g., X% confidence that the wood heat treatment failure rate for pest Y does not exceed Z%). This article illustrates a probabilistic approach to developing a phytosanitary performance standard, using heat treatment of the wood-inhabiting fungus Postia placenta as an example. The uncertainty about the proportion of wood blocks in which P. placenta survives after treatment is characterized by the Beta distribution, subject to the biological constraint that survival should decrease monotonically with increased time and temperature. Monte Carlo simulation techniques are then used to generate a probabilistic response surface relating proportion survival to treatment time and temperature. This modeling approach relaxes the parametric assumptions associated with traditional statistical methods for fitting response surfaces and is more flexible than conventional methods, resulting in a better fit to the observed data. JF - Plant Disease AU - Powell, M R AD - United States Department of Agriculture Office of Risk Assessment and Cost Benefit Analysis, Washington, DC 20250, USA, mpowell@oce.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 552 EP - 557 VL - 86 IS - 5 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - phytosanitation KW - risk reduction KW - standards KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01110:Environmental KW - K 03100:Miscellaneous topics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18387659?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=A+Model+for+Probabilistic+Assessment+of+Phytosanitary+Risk+Reduction+Measures&rft.au=Powell%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Powell&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=552&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Export of invertebrates and detritus from fishless headwater streams in southeastern Alaska: implications for downstream salmonid production AN - 18330404; 5380403 AB - We examined the export of invertebrates (aquatic and terrestrial) and coarse organic detritus from forested headwaters to aquatic habitats downstream in the coastal mountains of southeast Alaska, U.S.A. Fifty-two small streams (mean discharge range: 1.2-3.6 L s super(-1) ), representing a geographic range throughout southeast Alaska, were sampled with 250- mu m nets either seasonally (April, July, September) or every 2 weeks throughout the year. Samples were used to assess the potential subsidy of energy from fishless headwaters to downstream systems containing fish.Invertebrates of aquatic and terrestrial origin were both captured, with aquatic taxa making up 65-92% of the total. Baetidae, Chironomidae and Ostracoda were most numerous of the aquatic taxa (34, 16 and 8%, respectively), although Coleoptera (mostly Amphizoidae) contributed the greatest biomass (30%). Mites (Acarina) were the most numerous terrestrial taxon, while terrestrial Coleoptera accounted for most of the terrestrial invertebrate biomass.Invertebrates and detritus were exported from headwaters throughout the year, averaging 163 mg invertebrate dry mass stream super(-1) day super(-1) and 10.4 g detritus stream super(-1) day super(-1) , respectively. The amount of export was highly variable among streams and seasons (5-6000 individuals stream super(-1) day super(-1) and <1-22 individuals m super(-3) water; <1-286 g detritus stream super(-1) day super(-1) and <0.1-1.7 g detritus m super(-3) water). Delivery of invertebrates from headwaters to habitats with fish was estimated at 0.44 g dry mass m super(-2) year super(-1) . We estimate that every kilometre of salmonid-bearing stream could receive enough energy (prey and detritus) from fishless headwaters to support 100-2000 young-of-the-year (YOY) salmonids. These results illustrate that headwaters are source areas of aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates and detritus, linking upland ecosystems with habitats lower in the catchment. JF - Freshwater Biology AU - Wipfli AU - Gregovich, D P AD - Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Juneau, AK, U.S.A., mwipfli@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 957 EP - 969 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 47 IS - 5 SN - 0046-5070, 0046-5070 KW - Salmonids KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Alaska KW - Macrofauna KW - Salmonidae KW - Streams KW - Detritus KW - D 04310:Freshwater KW - Z 05210:Aquatic entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18330404?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Freshwater+Biology&rft.atitle=Export+of+invertebrates+and+detritus+from+fishless+headwater+streams+in+southeastern+Alaska%3A+implications+for+downstream+salmonid+production&rft.au=Wipfli%3BGregovich%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=Wipfli&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=957&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Freshwater+Biology&rft.issn=00465070&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2427.2002.00826.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonidae; USA, Alaska; Macrofauna; Detritus; Streams DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00826.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vaccination of Pregnant Dams with Intimin sub(O157) Protects Suckling Piglets from Escherichia coli O157:H7 Infection AN - 18296514; 5352077 AB - Cattle are important reservoirs of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 that cause disease in humans. Both dairy and beef cattle are asymptomatically and sporadically infected with EHEC. Our long-term goal is to develop an effective vaccine to prevent cattle from becoming infected and transmitting EHEC O157:H7 to humans. We used passive immunization of neonatal piglets (as a surrogate model) to determine if antibodies against EHEC O157 adhesin (intimin sub(O157)) inhibit EHEC colonization. Pregnant swine (dams) with serum anti-intimin titers of <100 were vaccinated twice with purified intimin sub(O157) or sham-vaccinated with sterile buffer. Intimin sub(O157)-specific antibody titers in colostrum and serum of dams were increased after parenteral vaccination with intimin sub(O157). Neonatal piglets were allowed to suckle vaccinated or sham-vaccinated dams for up to 8 h before they were inoculated with 10 CFU of a Shiga toxin-negative (for humane reasons) strain of EHEC O157:H7. Piglets were necropsied at 2 to 10 days after inoculation, and intestinal samples were collected for determination of bacteriological counts and histopathological analysis. Piglets that ingested colostrum containing intimin sub(O157)-specific antibodies from vaccinated dams, but not those nursing sham-vaccinated dams, were protected from EHEC O157:H7 colonization and intestinal damage. These results establish intimin sub(O157) as a viable candidate for an EHEC O157:H7 antitransmission vaccine. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Dean-Nystrom, E A AU - Gansheroff, L J AU - Mills, M AU - Moon, H W AU - O'Brien, AD AD - USDA, ARS, National Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010-0070., enystrom@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 2414 EP - 2418 VL - 70 IS - 5 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - pigs KW - infection KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Colonization KW - Intestine KW - Escherichia coli KW - Vaccines KW - Pregnancy KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18296514?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Vaccination+of+Pregnant+Dams+with+Intimin+sub%28O157%29+Protects+Suckling+Piglets+from+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+Infection&rft.au=Dean-Nystrom%2C+E+A%3BGansheroff%2C+L+J%3BMills%2C+M%3BMoon%2C+H+W%3BO%27Brien%2C+AD&rft.aulast=Dean-Nystrom&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=2414&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FIAI.70.5.2414-2418.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Vaccines; Pregnancy; Intestine; Colonization DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.70.5.2414-2418.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Landscape-Scale Relationships Between Abundance Of Marbled Murrelets And Distribution Of Nesting Habitat AN - 17309711; 5972281 AB - We used radar to count numbers of Marbled Murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus) flying inland within 10 river drainages on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington, during 1998-2000. We tested whether the numbers of murrelets entering drainages could be predicted from the amount and spatial configuration of low-elevation, late-seral forest (potential murrelet nesting habitat) within drainages. The maximal number of murrelet radar targets was positively correlated with the amount of late-seral forest in each of the three years sampled; this relationship persisted in 1999 and 2000 when controlling for drainage size. Murrelet radar counts were not correlated with the combined amounts of harvested, developed, and agricultural lands in any year. Numbers of murrelets increased as the amount of core area of late-seral forest and proximity of patches increased, and decreased with increasing amounts of edge of late-seral patches. Numbers were not correlated with the percent of late-seral forest, patch density, patch size, road density, or the overall diversity of all habitat types within landscapes. Neither the maximal nor the mean number of inbound Marbled Murrelets differed among years; the effect of year was small relative to the effect of habitat on murrelet numbers. Our results suggest that changes in the amount or distribution of nesting habitat should result in detectable changes in murrelet numbers at the scale of individual drainages. Thus, the amount and distribution of nesting habitat may play a role in the regulation of Marbled Murrelet populations, supporting the contention that providing nesting habitat is an effective conservation and restoration technique for this species. Relaciones a Escala del Paisaje entre la Abundancia de Brachyramphus marmoratus y la Distribucion de Habitat de NidificacionOriginal Abstract: Durante 1998-2000 utilizamos radares para contar el numero de individuos de Brachyramphus marmoratus que volaron tierra adentro a lo largo de 10 cuencas de rios que desaguan en la Peninsula Olimpica, Washington, USA. Evaluamos si el numero de individuos de B. marmoratus que entran por las cuencas puede ser predicho por la cantidad y configuracion espacial de bosques de baja elevacion que se encuentran en estadios sucesionales tardios (potencial habitat de nidificacion para estas aves) en cada cuenca. En cada uno de los tres anos, el maximo numero de individuos de B. marmoratus detectados estuvo positivamente correlacionado con la cantidad de bosque sucesional tardio; luego de controlar por el area de las cuencas esta relacion persistio en 1999 y 2000. Durante todos los anos, los conteos de B. marmoratus mediante radares no se correlacionaron con la cantidad combinada de tierras cosechadas, desarrolladas y agricolas. El numero de individuos de B. marmoratus aumento con el area nucleo de bosque sucesional tardio y con el aumento de la proximidad entre parches, y decrecio con el aumento de la cantidad de borde en los parches sucesionales tardios. El numero de aves no se correlaciono con el porcentaje de bosque sucesional tardio, densidad y area de parches, densidad de calles, ni diversidad total de todos los tipos de habitats en el paisaje. Ni el numero maximo ni el promedio de individuos de B. marmoratus que volaron en direccion tierra adentro diferio entre anos; el efecto del ano fue pequeno en comparacion con el efecto del habitat o del numero de aves. Nuestros resultados sugieren que los cambios en la cantidad o distribucion de habitat para la nidificacion deberian resultar en cambios detectables en el numero de individuos de B. marmoratus a la escala individual de cada cuenca. Por lo tanto, la cantidad y distribucion de habitat para nidificacion puede jugar un papel importante en la regulacion de poblaciones de B. marmoratus, lo cual apoya la idea que proveer de habitat para nidificacion es una tecnica efectiva para la conservacion y restauracion de esta especie. JF - Condor AU - Raphael, M G AU - Mack, DE AU - Cooper, BA AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3625 93rd Avenue SW, Olympia, WA 98512-9193 Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 331 EP - 342 PB - Cooper Ornithological Society VL - 104 IS - 2 SN - 0010-5422, 0010-5422 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Q5 01523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - Y 25501:General KW - O 4090:Conservation and Environmental Protection KW - Q1 01442:Population dynamics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17309711?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Condor&rft.atitle=Landscape-Scale+Relationships+Between+Abundance+Of+Marbled+Murrelets+And+Distribution+Of+Nesting+Habitat&rft.au=Raphael%2C+M+G%3BMack%2C+DE%3BCooper%2C+BA&rft.aulast=Raphael&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=331&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Condor&rft.issn=00105422&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0010-5422%282002%291042.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0010-5422&volume=104&page=331 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0010-5422(2002)104<0331:LSRBAO>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Raindrop-induced and wind-driven soil particle transport AN - 16132390; 5382250 AB - A wind tunnel study under wind-driven rains was conducted to determine the combined effect of rain and wind on the rainsplash transport process. The rains driven by horizontal wind velocities of 6, 10 and 12 m s super(-1) were applied to three agricultural soils packed into a 20x55-cm soil pan placed at both windward and leeward slopes of 4.0 degree , 8.5 degree and 11.3 degree . Transport rates were measured by trapping the splashed particles at set distances in the upslope and downslope directions, respectively, for windward and leeward slopes. Rainsplash transport under wind-driven rains was adequately described (R super(2)=0.93) by relating the transport rate to the rain impact pressure and wind shear velocity by log-linear regression technique. Average trajectory of a raindrop-induced and wind-driven particle was also adequately predicted by the momentum loss per unit time per unit length of travel (u sub(*) super(2)/g). The travel distance is found to be three times greater than the path of a typical saltating sand grain. JF - Catena AU - Erpul, G AU - Norton, L D AU - Gabriels, D AD - USDA-ARS National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory, 1196 SOIL Bldg., Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1196, USA, erpul@purdue.edu Y1 - 2002/05/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 May 01 SP - 227 EP - 243 VL - 47 IS - 3 SN - 0341-8162, 0341-8162 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Sediment Transport KW - Wind transport KW - Regression techniques KW - Driving rain KW - Rainfall-runoff Relationships KW - Rainfall effects on soil KW - Soil Erosion KW - Soil particles KW - Wind KW - Wind tunnel experiments KW - M2 551.579:Hydrometeorology (551.579) KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation KW - M2 551.577:General Precipitation (551.577) KW - M2 551.556.4:Transport of foreign bodies (pollutants) by wind (wind erosion) (551.556.4) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16132390?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Catena&rft.atitle=Raindrop-induced+and+wind-driven+soil+particle+transport&rft.au=Erpul%2C+G%3BNorton%2C+L+D%3BGabriels%2C+D&rft.aulast=Erpul&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Catena&rft.issn=03418162&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Regression techniques; Wind transport; Driving rain; Rainfall effects on soil; Soil particles; Wind tunnel experiments; Sediment Transport; Rainfall-runoff Relationships; Soil Erosion; Wind ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regioselectivity of New Bacterial Lipases Determined by Hydrolysis of Triolein AN - 1448224321; 18620142 AB - The newly identified lipases of 67 bacterial strains, primarily Bacillus and Pseudomonas, from the ARS Culture Collection have been characterized on the basis of their positional specificity for triglycerides (triolein). Lipase was produced by growing the cultures in tryptone-glucose-yeast extract medium for 24 h at 30 degree C before addition of triglyceride. The lipase was allowed to act on the triglyceride for 3 days before analysis by thin-layer chromatography. Of the bacterial lipases tested, 55 displayed random specificity, 9 were 1,3-specific, and 3 showed no apparent lipase activity under these conditions. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Lanser, Alan C AU - Manthey, Linda K AU - Hou, Ching T AD - Microbial Genomics and Bioprocessing Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, ARS, USDA,, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604-3999, USA, US Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 336 EP - 340 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 44 IS - 5 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Culture collections KW - Triacylglycerol lipase KW - Bacillus KW - J 02330:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1448224321?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Regioselectivity+of+New+Bacterial+Lipases+Determined+by+Hydrolysis+of+Triolein&rft.au=Lanser%2C+Alan+C%3BManthey%2C+Linda+K%3BHou%2C+Ching+T&rft.aulast=Lanser&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=336&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00284-001-0019-3 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Triacylglycerol lipase; Bacillus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00284-001-0019-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterizing the Distribution of Macronutrient Intake among U.S. Adults: A Quantile Regression Approach AN - 1038614147; 17020567 AB - Since the risk of dietary inadequacy or excess is greater at the tails of the nutrient intake distributions than at the mean, marginal effects of explanatory variables estimated at the conditional mean using ordinary least squares may be of limited value in characterizing these distributions. Quantile regression is effective in this situation since it can estimate conditional functions at any part of the distribution. Quantile regression results suggest that age, education, and income have a larger influence at intake levels where the risk of excess is greater compared with intake levels where the risk of excess is lower. JF - American Journal of Agricultural Economics AU - Variyam, Jayachandran N AU - Blaylock, James AU - Smallwood, David AD - Economic Research Service, USDA Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 454 EP - 466 PB - Oxford University Press, Oxford Journals, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP United Kingdom VL - 84 IS - 2 SN - 0002-9092, 0002-9092 KW - Risk Abstracts KW - Age KW - Diets KW - USA KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1038614147?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Agricultural+Economics&rft.atitle=Characterizing+the+Distribution+of+Macronutrient+Intake+among+U.S.+Adults%3A+A+Quantile+Regression+Approach&rft.au=Variyam%2C+Jayachandran+N%3BBlaylock%2C+James%3BSmallwood%2C+David&rft.aulast=Variyam&rft.aufirst=Jayachandran&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=454&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Agricultural+Economics&rft.issn=00029092&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2F1467-8276.00310 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8276.00310 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Large-scale management experiments in the moist maritime forests of the Pacific Northwest AN - 18433786; 5418002 AB - Several large, integrated forest management experiments have been initiated in the Pacific Northwest this past decade, partially in response to contentious resource management debates. Their goal is to use alternative silviculture treatments to enhance wildlife habitat, biodiversity, or the conservation of aquatic resources in a manner that is socially acceptable. Seven of these large-scale multi-resource silvicultural experiments are examined and evaluated, in light of previous experience with large-scale experiments. All seven employ randomized block designs with replicated treatment units large and practical enough to be commercially operational (most treatment units are 13-20 ha). Because the large-scale context is designed into these experiments, results can be directly interpreted at the scale of management that produced the manipulation, eliminating a change-of-scale bias common in smaller management experiments. The considerable advantages of large, operational treatments are accompanied by their own problems, however. Because of the great expense ( similar to US$ 10 super(6)/block) and size (50-200 ha) of the experimental blocks, sample size is small (n < 7 blocks) on all but one experiment. This means that statistical power (the probability of correctly rejecting the null hypothesis) will be weak across blocks. With few replicates and high variability both within and among these large-scale treatments, investigators face the possibility that differences might only be detectable at untraditionally high significance levels. A second problem with large-scale experiments is pseudoreplication (lack of independence across replicates), which results in the strength of the experimental evidence being overstated. This is a concern for three of the experiments because their blocks are located in relatively small geographic areas. Meta-analysis (a joint hypothesis test across experiments) is proposed as an effective way to increase sample size--and, therefore, power--while accounting for the different degrees of variation across studies. Looking for commonality, all seven studies are examining the effect of alternative silvicultural on both wildlife habitat and biodiversity. A test of a common hypothesis about ecosystem management would greatly increase not only the power of the test but the return on investment from these rather expensive experiments. In addition to small sample sizes, large variability, and pseudoreplication, other problems common to large-scale experiments are evident. Forest growth experiments are inherently long-term because they are dominated by slow processes with strong transient dynamics. Investigators are faced with institutional and academic demands for short-term results that not only are publishable but also can justify the large investments. The realities of the timber-sale process delayed or eliminated several blocks on at least three of the experiments. Randomization becomes a serious concern for the forest manager, because a clearcut or heavy removal treatment could be assigned to a highly visible location that might be socially unacceptable. JF - Landscape and Urban Planning AU - Monserud, R A AD - Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 3890, Portland, OR 97208-3890, USA, rmonserud@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/04/30/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Apr 30 SP - 159 EP - 180 VL - 59 IS - 3 SN - 0169-2046, 0169-2046 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18433786?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.atitle=Large-scale+management+experiments+in+the+moist+maritime+forests+of+the+Pacific+Northwest&rft.au=Monserud%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Monserud&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-04-30&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.issn=01692046&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of extrusion temperature and dwell time on aflatoxin levels in cottonseed. AN - 71615179; 11958621 AB - Cottonseed is an economical source of protein and is commonly used in balancing livestock rations; however, its use is typically limited by protein, fat, gossypol, and aflatoxin contents. Whole cottonseed was extruded to determine if the temperature and dwell time (multiple stages of processing) associated with the process affected aflatoxin levels. The extrusion temperature study showed that aflatoxin levels were reduced by an additional 33% when the cottonseed was extruded at 160 degrees C as compared to 104 degrees C. Furthermore, the multiple-pass extrusion study indicated that aflatoxin levels were reduced by an additional 55% when the cottonseed was extruded four times as compared to one time. To estimate the aflatoxin reductions due to extrusion temperature and dwell time, the least mean fits obtained for the individual studies were combined. Total estimated reductions of 55% (three stages of processing at 104 degrees C), 50% (two stages of processing at 132 degrees C), and 47% (one stage of processing at 160 degrees C) were obtained from the combined equations. If the extreme conditions (four stages of processing at 160 degrees C) of the evaluation studies are applied to the combined temperature and processing equation, the resulting aflatoxin reduction would be 76%. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Buser, Michael D AU - Abbas, Hamed K AD - Cotton Ginning Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 111 Experiment Station Road, P.O. Box 256, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA. mbuser@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04/24/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Apr 24 SP - 2556 EP - 2559 VL - 50 IS - 9 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Cottonseed Oil KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Handling KW - Aflatoxins -- analysis KW - Animal Feed KW - Cottonseed Oil -- chemistry KW - Temperature KW - Food Contamination UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71615179?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Effects+of+extrusion+temperature+and+dwell+time+on+aflatoxin+levels+in+cottonseed.&rft.au=Buser%2C+Michael+D%3BAbbas%2C+Hamed+K&rft.aulast=Buser&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2002-04-24&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2556&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-23 N1 - Date created - 2002-04-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of environmental conditions on the permeability of high density polyethylene film to fumigant vapors. AN - 71653000; 11993884 AB - Soil fumigation in greenhouses or agricultural fields often includes tarping the soil surface with polyethylene (PE) films to contain the fumigant in the soil and reduce emissions to the atmosphere. Previous research has demonstrated that PE films are permeable to methyl bromide and other fumigant compounds. In these experiments, the effect of temperature, fumigant mixtures, condensed water, and field aging on the permeability of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) was determined. Mass transfer coefficients (h, a measure of permeability) of the fumigants methyl bromide, 1,3-dichloropropene, propargyl bromide, and chloropicrin across HDPE films were determined. In these studies, temperature and HDPE film type had the largest impact on the h of fumigant compounds across HDPE films. Other factors investigated, including fumigant mixtures, condensed water on the film, and field aging of UV-stabilized film, did not have a significant impact on h. The results of these experiments suggest that the permeability of an intact piece of an agricultural film will increase with increasing temperature but is relatively constant despite changes in other environmental conditions. JF - Environmental science & technology AU - Papiernik, Sharon K AU - Yates, Scott R AD - USDA-ARS, George E. Brown, Jr. Salinity Laboratory, Riverside, California 92507-4617, USA. spapiernik@ussl.ars.usdo.gov Y1 - 2002/04/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Apr 15 SP - 1833 EP - 1838 VL - 36 IS - 8 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Pesticides KW - 0 KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Polyethylene KW - 9002-88-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Permeability KW - Temperature KW - Volatilization KW - Time Factors KW - Pesticides -- chemistry KW - Polyethylene -- chemistry KW - Fumigation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71653000?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+science+%26+technology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+environmental+conditions+on+the+permeability+of+high+density+polyethylene+film+to+fumigant+vapors.&rft.au=Papiernik%2C+Sharon+K%3BYates%2C+Scott+R&rft.aulast=Papiernik&rft.aufirst=Sharon&rft.date=2002-04-15&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1833&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+science+%26+technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-04 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of partial cutting on stand structure and growth of western hemlock-Sitka spruce stands in southeast Alaska AN - 18299036; 5339943 AB - The effects of partial cutting on species composition, new and residual-tree cohorts, tree size distribution, and tree growth was evaluated on 73 plots in 18 stands throughout southeast Alaska. These partially cut stands were harvested 12-96 years ago, when 16-96% of the former stand basal area was removed. Partial cutting maintained stand structures similar to uncut old-growth stands, and the cutting had no significant effects on tree species composition. The establishment of new-tree cohorts was positively related to the proportion of basal-area cut. The current stand basal area, tree species composition, and stand growth were significantly related to trees left after harvest (p<0.001) . Trees that were 20-80 cm dbh at the time of cutting had the greatest tree-diameter and basal-area growth and contributed the most to stand growth. Diameter growth of Sitka spruce and western hemlock was similar, and the proportion of stand basal-area growth between species was consistent for different cutting intensities. Concerns about changing tree species composition, lack of spruce regeneration, and greatly reduced stand growth and vigor with partial cuts were largely unsubstantiated. Silvicultural systems based on partial cutting can provide rapidly growing trees for timber production while maintaining complex stand structures with mixtures of spruce and hemlock trees similar to old-growth stands. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Deal, R L AU - Tappeiner, J C AD - USDA Forest Service, PNW Research Station, 2770 Sherwood Lane, 99801 Juneau, AK USA Y1 - 2002/04/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Apr 15 SP - 173 EP - 186 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 159 IS - 3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Pacific hemlock KW - West coast hemlock KW - Western hemlock KW - Sitka spruce KW - Coast spruce KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Alaska KW - Forest management KW - Growth KW - Cutting KW - Stand structure KW - Species composition KW - Picea sitchensis KW - Tsuga heterophylla KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18299036?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+partial+cutting+on+stand+structure+and+growth+of+western+hemlock-Sitka+spruce+stands+in+southeast+Alaska&rft.au=Deal%2C+R+L%3BTappeiner%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Deal&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-04-15&rft.volume=159&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tsuga heterophylla; Picea sitchensis; USA, Alaska; Cutting; Stand structure; Growth; Species composition; Forest management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The influence of nutrient and water availability on carbohydrate storage in loblolly pine AN - 18293165; 5339950 AB - We quantified the effects of nutrient and water availability on monthly whole-tree carbohydrate budgets and determined allocation patterns of storage carbohydrates in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) to test site resource impacts on internal carbon (C) storage. A factorial combination of two nutrient and two irrigation treatments were imposed on a 7-year-old loblolly pine stand in the Sandhills of North Carolina. Monthly collections of foliage, branch, stem, bark, and root tissues were made and total non-structural carbohydrate analyses were performed on samples collected in years 3 and 4 after treatment initiation. Seasonal fluxes of carbohydrates reflected the hypothesized use and storage patterns. Starch concentrations peaked in the spring in all tissues measured; however, minimum concentrations in aboveground tissue occurred in late winter while minimum concentrations in below ground tissue occurred in late fall. Increased nutrient availability generally decreased starch concentrations in current year tissue, while increasing starch in 1-year-old woody tissue. Irrigation treatments did not significantly impact carbohydrate flux. The greatest capacity for starch storage was in below ground tissue, accounting for as much as 400 kg C/ha per year, and more than 65% of the total stored starch C pool. The absolute amount of C stored as starch was significantly increased with increased nutrient availability, however, its relative contribution to the total annual C budget was not changed. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Ludovici, KH AU - Allen, H L AU - Albaugh, T J AU - Dougherty, P M AD - USDA Forest Service, 3041 Cornwallis Road, 27709 Research Triangle Park, NC USA Y1 - 2002/04/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Apr 15 SP - 261 EP - 270 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 159 IS - 3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Loblolly pine KW - USA, North Carolina KW - Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - Pinus taeda KW - Nutrient availability KW - Pine Trees KW - Available Water KW - Nutrients KW - Carbohydrates KW - Forest Management KW - Water availability KW - D 04700:Management KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18293165?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=The+influence+of+nutrient+and+water+availability+on+carbohydrate+storage+in+loblolly+pine&rft.au=Ludovici%2C+KH%3BAllen%2C+H+L%3BAlbaugh%2C+T+J%3BDougherty%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Ludovici&rft.aufirst=KH&rft.date=2002-04-15&rft.volume=159&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Forest management; Nutrient availability; Carbohydrates; Water availability; Available Water; Pine Trees; Nutrients; Forest Management; Pinus taeda ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thermal Insulation Properties of Biodegradable, Cellulosic-Based Nonwoven Composites for Automotive Application AN - 746273664; 12603574 AB - Moldable, cellulosic-based nonwoven composites with excellent thermal insulation properties were fabricated from kenaf, jute, flax, and waste cotton using recycled polyester and substandard polypropylene. The composites of these fibers have excellent shape stability and high tensile and flexural properties coupled with economic and environmental benefits. Four different designs incorporating different cellulosic fibers, manufacturing techniques and various ratios of vegetable-synthetic fibers were manufactured on laboratory-scale equipment. A Steady-State Heat Flow meter was used for measurement of thermal conductivity and thermal transmittance of samples of composites. The data show that thermal insulation properties of the cellulosic-based nonwoven composites vary significantly, depending on the type of the cellulosic fibers, the ratio of cellulosic fibers to synthetic fibers, and the resulting density of the composite. JF - Journal of Industrial Textiles AU - Yachmenev, V G AU - Parikh, D V AU - Calamari, T A AD - Southern Regional Research Center USDA, New Orleans, LA, USA, yachmene@srrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 283 EP - 296 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 31 IS - 4 SN - 1528-0837, 1528-0837 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - nonwovens KW - kenaf KW - jute KW - flax KW - cotton KW - polyester KW - polypropylene KW - recycled fibers KW - thermal insulation KW - Fibers KW - polyesters KW - Data processing KW - Cotton KW - Heat KW - Textiles KW - Economics KW - Wastes KW - Biodegradability KW - W 30950:Waste Treatment & Pollution Clean-up UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/746273664?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Textiles&rft.atitle=Thermal+Insulation+Properties+of+Biodegradable%2C+Cellulosic-Based+Nonwoven+Composites+for+Automotive+Application&rft.au=Yachmenev%2C+V+G%3BParikh%2C+D+V%3BCalamari%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Yachmenev&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=283&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Textiles&rft.issn=15280837&rft_id=info:doi/10.1106%2F152808302029087 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 9 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fibers; polyesters; Cotton; Data processing; Textiles; Heat; Economics; Wastes; polypropylene; Biodegradability DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1106/152808302029087 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - CAY-I, a fungicidal saponin from Capsicum sp. fruit. AN - 71809151; 12058725 AB - Saponins are steroidal or terpenoid-based glycosides with surface active properties. A steroidal saponin, CAY-1, with a molecular weight of 1243.35 Da, was isolated and purified to homogeneity from commercially available dry, ground fruit of Capsicum frutescens. CAY-1 was shown to be a potent fungicide for the germinating conidia of Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. parasiticus and A. niger with species-dependent LD90 values between 3 and 20 microM. Activity against some Aspergillus species was affected by the test medium used. In vitro assays, CAY-1 was effective against Pneumocystis carinii (IC50): 9.5 microM) and Candida albicans (IC90: 6.2 microM). CAY-1 had no effect on the viability of the nongerminating conidia of the two filamentous fungi, P. carinii and C. albicans, nor on the conidial type of Fusarium oxysporum. It was ineffective against the bacteria Enterobacter agglomerans, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. CAY-1 was not cytotoxic to A 549 lung carcinoma cells or HeLa cells at effective fungicidal concentrations. The results indicate that CAY-1 is an effective fungicide for Aspergillus species, C. albicans and P. carinii at concentrations below the threshold for mammalian cell toxicity. JF - Medical mycology AU - De Lucca, A J AU - Bland, J M AU - Vigo, C B AU - Cushion, M AU - Selitrennikoff, C P AU - Peter, J AU - Walsh, T J AD - Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA. adelucca@commserver.srrc.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 131 EP - 137 VL - 40 IS - 2 SN - 1369-3786, 1369-3786 KW - Antifungal Agents KW - 0 KW - CAY-I KW - Saponins KW - Steroids KW - Index Medicus KW - HeLa Cells KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Microbial Sensitivity Tests KW - Aspergillus -- drug effects KW - Capsicum -- chemistry KW - Antifungal Agents -- pharmacology KW - Steroids -- isolation & purification KW - Steroids -- pharmacology KW - Saponins -- pharmacology KW - Bacteria -- drug effects KW - Saponins -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71809151?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medical+mycology&rft.atitle=CAY-I%2C+a+fungicidal+saponin+from+Capsicum+sp.+fruit.&rft.au=De+Lucca%2C+A+J%3BBland%2C+J+M%3BVigo%2C+C+B%3BCushion%2C+M%3BSelitrennikoff%2C+C+P%3BPeter%2C+J%3BWalsh%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=De+Lucca&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Medical+mycology&rft.issn=13693786&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-16 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Changes in ovarian function in mature beef cows grazing endophyte infected tall fescue. AN - 71737147; 12035982 AB - The objective was to examine follicular and luteal development and function in mature, lactating beef cows grazing endophyte free (E-) or endophyte infected (E+) tall fescue during the early postpartum period. Angus, Hereford, and Angus x Hereford cows were exposed to pasture for 37-39 days before synchronized estrus. Serum concentrations of prolactin were evaluated during the luteal phase before the synchronized estrus. Every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday for one estrous cycle ovaries were monitored by transrectal ultrasonography and blood was collected for determination of serum concentrations of progesterone and estradiol in cows that responded to synchronization. Signs of fescue toxicosis in E+ cows included decreased serum concentrations of prolactin (84.9+/-13.6 pg/ml versus 32.3+/-12.0 pg/ml; P 10 mm) follicles were similar (P > 0.05) between treatments, but number of class 2 (6-9 mm) follicles was reduced in E+ cows for most of the cycle (days 10 through 20; P 0.05) among treatment groups. Even though follicular dynamics (diameter of the largest follicle and number of class 2 follicles) were altered in cows grazing E+ tall fescue, follicular function was apparently not affected by ergot alkaloids. JF - Theriogenology AU - Burke, J M AU - Rorie, R W AD - Southern Plains Area-Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center, USDA-ARS, Booneville, AR 72927-9214, USA. jmburke@spa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Apr 01 SP - 1733 EP - 1742 VL - 57 IS - 6 SN - 0093-691X, 0093-691X KW - Progesterone KW - 4G7DS2Q64Y KW - Estradiol KW - 4TI98Z838E KW - Prolactin KW - 9002-62-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Body Weight KW - Estrous Cycle KW - Animals KW - Prolactin -- blood KW - Estradiol -- blood KW - Corpus Luteum -- anatomy & histology KW - Seasons KW - Weaning KW - Estrus Synchronization KW - Postpartum Period KW - Progesterone -- blood KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Cattle -- physiology KW - Food Microbiology KW - Acremonium KW - Poaceae -- microbiology KW - Ovary -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71737147?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Theriogenology&rft.atitle=Changes+in+ovarian+function+in+mature+beef+cows+grazing+endophyte+infected+tall+fescue.&rft.au=Burke%2C+J+M%3BRorie%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Burke&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1733&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Theriogenology&rft.issn=0093691X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-06-27 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution of locoweed toxin swainsonine in populations of Oxytropis lambertii. AN - 71721927; 12035920 AB - Oxytropis lambertii has been considered to be one of the major locoweeds responsible for livestock poisoning on rangelands, but there has been much confusion as to its taxonomic identity. The objective of this study was to conduct a field survey of several populations of each of the three varieties [var. lambertii Pursh; var higelovii A. Gray; var. articulata (E. Greene) Barneby] to document the presence or absence of the locoweed toxin, swainsonine. Swainsonine was found at detectable levels (>0.001% dry weight) in only five populations of var. higelovii in the southwest portion of its distribution in southern Utah, Arizona, and southwestern New Mexico, USA. No swainsonine was detected in populations in the northeast areas of its distribution (eastern Utah, Colorado, northeastern New Mexico, USA). The other varieties, articulata and lambertii, also did not contain swainsonine. It is suspected that a plant fungal endophyte may be responsible for the high variability in swainsonine content in populations of O. lambertii. JF - Journal of chemical ecology AU - Ralphs, M H AU - Welsh, S L AU - Gardner, D R AD - USDA/ARS Poisonous Plant Laboratory, Logan, Utah 84341, USA. mralphs@cc.usu.edu Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 701 EP - 707 VL - 28 IS - 4 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Plant Extracts KW - 0 KW - Swainsonine KW - RSY4RK37KQ KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Random Allocation KW - Plant Extracts -- isolation & purification KW - Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Chromatography, Thin Layer KW - Plant Extracts -- analysis KW - Swainsonine -- analysis KW - Plants, Toxic -- chemistry KW - Swainsonine -- isolation & purification KW - Fabaceae -- classification KW - Plants, Toxic -- metabolism KW - Fabaceae -- metabolism KW - Fabaceae -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71721927?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chemical+ecology&rft.atitle=Distribution+of+locoweed+toxin+swainsonine+in+populations+of+Oxytropis+lambertii.&rft.au=Ralphs%2C+M+H%3BWelsh%2C+S+L%3BGardner%2C+D+R&rft.aulast=Ralphs&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=701&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chemical+ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of virus concentration and ultraviolet irradiation on the activity of corn earworm and beet armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) nucleopolyhedroviruses. AN - 71703446; 12019996 AB - Laboratory studies were initiated to determine the relationship between virus concentration and radiation-caused inactivation of NPVs from Helicoverpa zea (HzSNPV) and Spodoptera exigua (SeMNPV). In the laboratory, a UV-B/UV-A system was used for inactivation studies. For both viruses inactivation was dependent upon both length of UV exposure and virus concentration. At all virus concentrations HzSNPV was more sensitive to UV than SeMNPV. In the field HzSNPV was used and virus persistence was significantly affected by virus concentration (i.e., inactivation was inversely related to virus concentration). JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Shapiro, Martin AU - Farrar, Robert R AU - Domek, John AU - Javaid, Iqbal AD - Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Henry A. Wallace Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. shapirom@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 243 EP - 249 VL - 95 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Index Medicus KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Animals KW - Ultraviolet Rays KW - Pest Control, Biological -- methods KW - Nucleopolyhedrovirus -- radiation effects KW - Spodoptera -- virology KW - Nucleopolyhedrovirus -- physiology KW - Moths -- virology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71703446?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+virus+concentration+and+ultraviolet+irradiation+on+the+activity+of+corn+earworm+and+beet+armyworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+nucleopolyhedroviruses.&rft.au=Shapiro%2C+Martin%3BFarrar%2C+Robert+R%3BDomek%2C+John%3BJavaid%2C+Iqbal&rft.aulast=Shapiro&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An overview of the Salmonella enteritidis risk assessment for shell eggs and egg products. AN - 71702392; 12022671 AB - This article summarizes a quantitative microbial risk assessment designed to characterize the public health impact of consumption of shell eggs and egg products contaminated with Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). This risk assessment's objectives were to: (1) establish the baseline risk of foodborne illness from SE, (2) identify and evaluate potential risk mitigation strategies, and (3) identify data gaps related to future research efforts. The risk assessment model has five modules. The Egg Production module estimates the number of eggs produced that are SE-contaminated. Shell Egg Processing, Egg Products Processing, and Preparation & Consumption modules estimate the increase or decrease in the numbers of SE organisms in eggs or egg products as they pass through storage, transportation, processing, and preparation. A Public Health Outcomes module then calculates the incidence of illnesses and four clinical outcomes, as well as the cases of reactive arthritis associated with SE infection following consumption. The baseline model estimates an average production of 2.3 million SE-contaminated shell eggs/year of the estimated 69 billion produced annually and predicts an average of 661,633, human illnesses per year from consumption of these eggs. The model estimates approximately 94% of these cases recover without medical care, 5% visit a physician, an additional 0.5% are hospitalized, and 0.05% result in death. The contribution of SE from commercially pasteurized egg products was estimated to be negligible. Five mitigation scenarios were selected for comparison of their individual and combined effects on the number of human illnesses. Results suggest that mitigation in only one segment of the farm-to-table continuum will be less effective than several applied in different segments. Key data gaps and areas for future research include the epidemiology of SE on farms, the bacteriology of SE in eggs, human behavior in food handling and preparation, and human responses to SE exposure. JF - Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis AU - Hope, B K AU - Baker, R AU - Edel, E D AU - Hogue, A T AU - Schlosser, W D AU - Whiting, R AU - McDowell, R M AU - Morales, R A AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Washington, DC, USA. hope.bruce@deq.state.or.us Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 203 EP - 218 VL - 22 IS - 2 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Public Health KW - Food Microbiology KW - Computer Simulation KW - Humans KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Software Design KW - Risk Assessment KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- etiology KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Eggs -- microbiology KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Salmonella enteritidis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71702392?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=An+overview+of+the+Salmonella+enteritidis+risk+assessment+for+shell+eggs+and+egg+products.&rft.au=Hope%2C+B+K%3BBaker%2C+R%3BEdel%2C+E+D%3BHogue%2C+A+T%3BSchlosser%2C+W+D%3BWhiting%2C+R%3BMcDowell%2C+R+M%3BMorales%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Hope&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=203&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-04 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of anion and cation inhibitors and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors upon the activity of the gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) nucleo-polyhedrovirus. AN - 71701802; 12019995 AB - Twenty chemicals that were reported to act as anion transport inhibitors, cation transport inhibitors, and inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase activity were tested at a 1% concentration (wt:wt) for their effects upon the biological activity of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV). Among the five anion transport inhibitors tested, flufenamic acid acted as a viral enhancer. None of the seven inhibitors of K+ enhanced viral activity and three (4-aminopyridine, diacetyl, and procaine) significantly reduced the activity of LdMNPV. All four Na+ transport inhibitors (abietic acid, amiloride, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, triamterene) acted as viral enhancers. Triamterene was the most active enhancer, as the LC50 was reduced by approximately 1,750-fold. Five carbonic anhydrase inhibitors were tested and four (acetazolamide, hydrochlorothiazide, methazolamide, sulfanilamide) enhanced the activity of LdMNPV. Acetazolamide (a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor), amiloride (a Na+ transport inhibitor), and flufenamic acid (an anion transport inhibitor) were tested singly and in different combinations. Every combination tested (acetazolamide/amiloride, acetazolamide/flufenamic acid, amiloride/flufenamic acid, acetazolamide/amiloride/flufenamic acid) significantly decreased the LC50 from 7.79 PIB/mm2 to a value as low as 0.008 PIB/mm2 (amiloride/flufenamic acid). JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Shapiro, Martin AD - Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, MD 20705, USA. shapirom@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 237 EP - 242 VL - 95 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Anions KW - 0 KW - Antiviral Agents KW - Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors KW - Cations KW - Ion Pumps KW - Potassium Channel Blockers KW - Sodium Channel Blockers KW - Flufenamic Acid KW - 60GCX7Y6BH KW - Amiloride KW - 7DZO8EB0Z3 KW - Acetazolamide KW - O3FX965V0I KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Sodium Channel Blockers -- pharmacology KW - Potassium Channel Blockers -- pharmacology KW - Acetazolamide -- pharmacology KW - Amiloride -- pharmacology KW - Flufenamic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Ion Pumps -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Antiviral Agents -- pharmacology KW - Nucleopolyhedrovirus -- physiology KW - Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Nucleopolyhedrovirus -- drug effects KW - Moths -- virology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71701802?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+anion+and+cation+inhibitors+and+carbonic+anhydrase+inhibitors+upon+the+activity+of+the+gypsy+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lymantriidae%29+nucleo-polyhedrovirus.&rft.au=Shapiro%2C+Martin&rft.aulast=Shapiro&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of antifungal agents on biological fitness of Lygus hesperus (Heteroptera: Miridae). AN - 71697410; 12019998 AB - Artificial diets have become important components of rearing systems for insects that are used for research purposes and in commercial production. Because the rearing conditions for insects also provide ideal settings for mold growth, antifungal additives are often used to reduce diet contamination. However, the antifungal agents must not only be effective in mold suppression, they must also be safe to the target insects of the rearing programs. The toxicity of five commonly used antifungal agents (benzoic acid, formalin, methyl paraben, propionic acid, and sorbic acid) was tested using diet bioassays on Lygus hesperus Knight, and the effect on biological fitness was measured. Biological fitness was defined as total number of survivors, mean biomass (dry weight) accumulated per cage over the total treatment period, egg production, time to adult emergence, and time to start of egg laying. Methyl paraben and formalin were found to have significant negative effects on these measurements of biological fitness. Challenge tests to determine the ability of the antifungal agents to suppress mold growth when inoculated into the diet medium are currently in progress. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Alverson, Janet AU - Cohen, Allen C AD - Biological Control and Mass Rearing Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Mississippi State 39762, USA. janalverson@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 256 EP - 260 VL - 95 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Antifungal Agents KW - 0 KW - Parabens KW - Propionates KW - Formaldehyde KW - 1HG84L3525 KW - Benzoic Acid KW - 8SKN0B0MIM KW - methylparaben KW - A2I8C7HI9T KW - propionic acid KW - JHU490RVYR KW - Sorbic Acid KW - X045WJ989B KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Oviposition -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Female KW - Formaldehyde -- pharmacology KW - Heteroptera -- drug effects KW - Antifungal Agents -- pharmacology KW - Heteroptera -- growth & development KW - Parabens -- pharmacology KW - Propionates -- pharmacology KW - Sorbic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Benzoic Acid -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71697410?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+antifungal+agents+on+biological+fitness+of+Lygus+hesperus+%28Heteroptera%3A+Miridae%29.&rft.au=Alverson%2C+Janet%3BCohen%2C+Allen+C&rft.aulast=Alverson&rft.aufirst=Janet&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=256&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Insecticide susceptibility and detoxication enzyme activities among Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki workers sampled from different locations in New Orleans. AN - 71625580; 11976062 AB - Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki worker termites were sampled from 20 locations in the City Park area of New Orleans, LA. The termites were subsequently assayed to determine their susceptibility to cypermethrin, chlordane and chlorpyrifos, and detoxication enzyme activity. Cypermethrin was most toxic against Formosan subterranean termite workers, chlorpyrifos exhibited intermediate toxicity and chlordane was least toxic. A comparison of insecticide susceptibility between the most and least tolerant colonies revealed 1.9-, 1.7- and 1.8-fold differences in susceptibility for cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos and chlordane, respectively. As with the bioassay data, although significant differences were noted, a great deal of overlap was observed among the colonies for total cytochrome P450 content (difference of 2.2-fold between high and low value) aldrin epoxidation (3.6-fold) and cytosolic esterase (3.9-fold) activity. No significant differences were observed among the colonies for methoxyresorufin O-demethylase or glutathione S-transferase activity. Conversely, microsomal esterase activity varied greatly; a 38-fold difference was observed between the most (Cf1776) and least (Cf1387) active colonies. However, no significant correlation was observed between insecticide susceptibility and microsomal esterase activity. In fact, no significant correlations were observed between any of the enzyme activities measured and insecticide susceptibility. These results are discussed in the context of insecticide selection and future control effectiveness. JF - Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP AU - Valles, Steven M AU - Woodson, W David AD - USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, 1600 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA. svalles@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 469 EP - 476 VL - 131 IS - 4 SN - 1532-0456, 1532-0456 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Pyrethrins KW - Chlordan KW - 12789-03-6 KW - cypermethrin KW - 1TR49121NP KW - Glutathione Transferase KW - EC 2.5.1.18 KW - Esterases KW - EC 3.1.- KW - Chlorpyrifos KW - JCS58I644W KW - Index Medicus KW - Chlordan -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Inactivation, Metabolic KW - Esterases -- metabolism KW - Glutathione Transferase -- metabolism KW - Biological Assay KW - Drug Resistance KW - Pyrethrins -- pharmacology KW - Chlorpyrifos -- pharmacology KW - Isoptera -- drug effects KW - Insecticides -- pharmacology KW - Isoptera -- enzymology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71625580?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comparative+biochemistry+and+physiology.+Toxicology+%26+pharmacology+%3A+CBP&rft.atitle=Insecticide+susceptibility+and+detoxication+enzyme+activities+among+Coptotermes+formosanus+Shiraki+workers+sampled+from+different+locations+in+New+Orleans.&rft.au=Valles%2C+Steven+M%3BWoodson%2C+W+David&rft.aulast=Valles&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=131&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=469&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Comparative+biochemistry+and+physiology.+Toxicology+%26+pharmacology+%3A+CBP&rft.issn=15320456&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-03 N1 - Date created - 2002-04-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An index technique to monitor broadcast calibration and bait pick up, plus rodent and avian sign under arid conditions. AN - 71619850; 11975187 AB - As part of product-performance and wildlife-hazards studies of 2% zinc phosphide (Zn3P2) steam-rolled-oat baits (11.2 kg ha-1) to reduce vole populations (Microtus spp) in alfalfa (Medicago sativa), we used randomly located, brushed-dirt plots (eight approximately 930-cm2 plots per 0.2-ha enclosure) to monitor bait-broadcast and -removal patterns, as well as to index vole and avian sign. Research was conducted in 18 x 0.2-ha enclosures containing 2.5-year-old stands of alfalfa; a 2-day pre-bait (placebo baits broadcast in all enclosures) period followed by a 14-day test-bait period (placebo and 2% Zn3P2 baits in nine enclosures each) characterized the bait exposures. Baits were broadcast manually by two certified pesticide applicators (CPAs) using Spyker Model-75 spreaders. Baits that fell onto plots were counted < 30 min later to assess the uniformity of bait distribution. The main statistical design was a 2 (placebo or Zn3P2 baits) x 3 (vole-only, vole-pheasant, vole-quail exposures) x 14 (days) factorial, with days considered repeated measurements. In the six vole-only enclosures, baits were removed from the brushed-dirt plots and replaced with four 0% or 2% Zn3P2 baits (one per 232.6-cm2 quadrant; 32 per enclosure); these 'placed' baits were then monitored daily for removal, while the surfaces of all plots were monitored daily for the presence:absence of animal/bird sign. Key results were: (a) 3.51 (+/- 2.66) and 3.39 (+/- 3.52) mean (+/- SD) baits were found on plots after pre-bait and test-bait broadcasts, respectively--less than the predicted 4.52 particles per 930-cm2 plot; (b) baits 'placed' on plots in placebo-baited enclosures were removed earlier than those in Zn3P2-baited enclosures--data in agreement with observed vole mortality; and (c) species x bait interactions occurred for both the vole- and pheasant-sign counts, but not quail-sign counts--data also indirectly confirming Zn3P2-induced mortality effects on voles and pheasants. This technique has utility for a variety of wildlife biology and chemical registration studies; although limited to arid conditions, the technique affords useful indices of broadcast calibration, bait pick-up, as well as target and non-target species mortality. JF - Pest management science AU - Sterner, Ray T AU - Ramey, Craig A AD - USDA/APHIS/WS, National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80521-2154, USA. ray.t.sterner@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 385 EP - 391 VL - 58 IS - 4 SN - 1526-498X, 1526-498X KW - Phosphines KW - 0 KW - Rodenticides KW - Zinc Compounds KW - zinc phosphide KW - 813396S1PC KW - Index Medicus KW - Rodent Control -- statistics & numerical data KW - Animals KW - Desert Climate KW - Arvicolinae -- physiology KW - Quail -- physiology KW - Rodent Control -- methods KW - Rodentia -- physiology KW - Animals, Wild -- physiology KW - Rodenticides -- toxicity KW - Zinc Compounds -- toxicity KW - Phosphines -- toxicity KW - Birds -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71619850?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pest+management+science&rft.atitle=An+index+technique+to+monitor+broadcast+calibration+and+bait+pick+up%2C+plus+rodent+and+avian+sign+under+arid+conditions.&rft.au=Sterner%2C+Ray+T%3BRamey%2C+Craig+A&rft.aulast=Sterner&rft.aufirst=Ray&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=385&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pest+management+science&rft.issn=1526498X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-28 N1 - Date created - 2002-04-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fluorescence polarization as a tool for the determination of deoxynivalenol in wheat. AN - 71613601; 11962698 AB - The mould Fusarium graminearum is found worldwide as a pathogen of cereal grains, in particular of wheat and maize, and it produces a mycotoxin known as deoxynivalenol (DON or vomitoxin). Each year, the presence of this compound and related trichothecenes causes substantial losses to agricultural productivity. Rapid methods for the measurement of the toxin in grains are required to monitor and divert effectively contaminated grain from the food supply. A fluorescence polarization (FP) immunoassay using a previously described monoclonal antibody for DON was developed. The assay was based on the competition of unlabeled DON from a sample with a fluorescently tagged DON, DON-fluorescein (DON-FL), for a DON-specific monoclonal antibody in solution. The FP of the tagged DON was increased upon binding with the antibody. In the presence of free toxin, less of the DON-FL was bound and the polarization signal was decreased. The assays were very simple to perform, requiring only mixing of an aqueous extract of wheat with the DON-FL and antibody. The sensitivity of the assay was strongly dependent upon the time between mixing of the sample with the tracer and measurement of the fluorescence polarization, with midpoints for the competition curves ranging from 0.03 microg ml(-1) with a 15-s incubation to >1 microg ml(-1) with a 12-min incubation. Samples of wheat naturally contaminated with DON were evaluated by FP and by an HPLC-UV method, with a good correlation (r2 = 0.97). Although the FP method tended to overestimate DON slightly in the wheat samples, by approxiamtely 20%, the assay was easy to use and very useful for the screening of wheat. JF - Food additives and contaminants AU - Maragos, C M AU - Jolley, M E AU - Nasir, M S AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. maragocm@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 400 EP - 407 VL - 19 IS - 4 SN - 0265-203X, 0265-203X KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - 0 KW - Trichothecenes KW - deoxynivalenol KW - JT37HYP23V KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay -- methods KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal -- immunology KW - Trichothecenes -- immunology KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Trichothecenes -- analysis KW - Triticum -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71613601?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.atitle=Fluorescence+polarization+as+a+tool+for+the+determination+of+deoxynivalenol+in+wheat.&rft.au=Maragos%2C+C+M%3BJolley%2C+M+E%3BNasir%2C+M+S&rft.aulast=Maragos&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=400&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.issn=0265203X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-09 N1 - Date created - 2002-04-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of STS and CAPS markers for identification of three tall larkspurs (Delphinium spp.). AN - 71610419; 11962619 AB - One cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) and nine sequence tagged site (STS) markers were developed for identifying tall larkspur (Delphinium spp.) plants in three species based on the DNA sequence of known species-specific RAPD markers. Four STS markers were used for identification of Delphinium occidentale, three STS markers for Delphinium barbeyi, and one CAPS and two STS markers for Delphinium glaucum. One hundred sixty-six individual plants collected at 19 locations in the western U.S.A. were tested using the STS and CAPS markers. Over 95% of the D. occidentale plants contained all four D. occidentale specific STS markers, whereas the remaining plants contained three of the four STS markers. Approximately 97% of D. barbeyi plants contained all three D. barbeyi specific STS markers, and the rest had two of the three STS markers. A small percentage of D. barbeyi plants contained one D. occidentale specific STS marker. Hybrid populations were characterized as having more D. occidentale specific than D. barbeyi specific STS markers, suggesting that the three hybrid populations are composed not of F1 hybrid plants of the parental species but of segregating offspring of different generations from original hybrids. This set of STS and CAPS markers for larkspur species should be useful in classification of unknown plant materials and the identification of hybrid populations. JF - Genome AU - Li, Xiaomei AU - Gardner, Dale R AU - Ralphs, Michael H AU - Wang, Richard R C AD - USDA-ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341, USA. Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 229 EP - 235 VL - 45 IS - 2 SN - 0831-2796, 0831-2796 KW - DNA, Plant KW - 0 KW - Genetic Markers KW - Index Medicus KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Crosses, Genetic KW - Sequence Analysis, DNA KW - Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique KW - Species Specificity KW - DNA, Plant -- analysis KW - Ranunculaceae -- genetics KW - Polymorphism, Genetic KW - Ranunculaceae -- growth & development KW - Sequence Tagged Sites KW - Ranunculaceae -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71610419?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genome&rft.atitle=Development+of+STS+and+CAPS+markers+for+identification+of+three+tall+larkspurs+%28Delphinium+spp.%29.&rft.au=Li%2C+Xiaomei%3BGardner%2C+Dale+R%3BRalphs%2C+Michael+H%3BWang%2C+Richard+R+C&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Xiaomei&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Genome&rft.issn=08312796&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-30 N1 - Date created - 2002-04-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of a partial duplication of the aflatoxin gene cluster in Aspergillus parasiticus ATCC 56775. AN - 71610287; 11956746 AB - A partial duplication of the complete aflatoxin gene cluster containing homologues of aflR-aflJ-adhA-estA-norA-ver1and omtB was identified from Aspergillus parasiticus ATCC 56775. The genes, verA-avnA-verB-avfA, between ver1 and omtB in the complete gene cluster, however, were not found. One-hybrid assays showed that the duplicated aflRgene ( aflR2) encoded a protein that could activate transcription just as that encoded by aflR1,the aflR gene in the complete gene cluster. Two-hybrid assays showed that AFLR2 also interacted with a putative coactivator, AFLJ1, at comparable levels to AFLR1. Deletion of aflR1 resulted in the loss of production of aflatoxin precursors, which suggested that aflR2could not completely replace the function of aflR1. Point mutations found in adhA2, pre-termination in ver1B and norA2,and a large deletion in omtB2 probably render these duplicated genes to become nonfunctional. A close examination of the history of isolates reported to have a partial duplication suggested that duplication of the aflatoxin cluster is not a prevalent event. JF - Applied microbiology and biotechnology AU - Chang, P-K AU - Yu, J AD - Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, 1100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, Louisiana 70124, USA. pkchang@srrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 632 EP - 636 VL - 58 IS - 5 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - DNA, Fungal KW - Index Medicus KW - DNA, Fungal -- analysis KW - Restriction Mapping KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Sequence Analysis, DNA KW - Gene Duplication KW - Aspergillus -- genetics KW - Genes, Fungal KW - Aflatoxins -- genetics KW - Multigene Family UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71610287?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+microbiology+and+biotechnology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+a+partial+duplication+of+the+aflatoxin+gene+cluster+in+Aspergillus+parasiticus+ATCC+56775.&rft.au=Chang%2C+P-K%3BYu%2C+J&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=P-K&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=632&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+microbiology+and+biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-09 N1 - Date created - 2002-04-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of calorie restriction on mortality kinetics in inbred strains of mice following 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene treatment. AN - 71535717; 11909880 AB - Calorie restriction (CR) has long been known to increase longevity and to delay the onset and to decrease the incidence of many age-related disease processes. The mechanism(s) by which these outcomes are attained is unidentified. This experiment was designed to examine whether differences existed in the extent to which various inbred strains of mice respond to CR. This work explored whether carcinogen-treated animals could be used to facilitate this aim by decreasing the time needed to observe differences in mortality kinetics between CR mice and ad libitum (AL) fed controls. Female mice from each of eight strains (A/J, BALB/c, C3H, C57BL/6, DBA/2J, FVB/J, NMRI, and 129/J) were given a single oral dose (65 mg/kg) of the carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and subsequently fed AL or calorically restricted. Following carcinogen treatment, the spectrum of lesions observed demonstrated genotypic variability, thereby complicating comparison among the inbred strains examined. However, in terms of the magnitude of alteration in mortality kinetics observed, a statistical analysis revealed that differences exist among the various strains of mice in their response. JF - The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences AU - Lipman, Ruth D AD - USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. lipman@mail.hrca.harvard.edu Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - B153 EP - B157 VL - 57 IS - 4 SN - 1079-5006, 1079-5006 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene KW - 57-97-6 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Genotype KW - Body Weight KW - Mortality KW - Animals KW - Kinetics KW - Mice KW - Species Specificity KW - Female KW - Carcinogens -- pharmacology KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene -- pharmacology KW - Longevity -- physiology KW - Longevity -- drug effects KW - Mice, Inbred Strains -- anatomy & histology KW - Mice, Inbred Strains -- physiology KW - Energy Intake UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71535717?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+journals+of+gerontology.+Series+A%2C+Biological+sciences+and+medical+sciences&rft.atitle=Effect+of+calorie+restriction+on+mortality+kinetics+in+inbred+strains+of+mice+following+7%2C12-dimethylbenz%5Ba%5Danthracene+treatment.&rft.au=Lipman%2C+Ruth+D&rft.aulast=Lipman&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=B153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+journals+of+gerontology.+Series+A%2C+Biological+sciences+and+medical+sciences&rft.issn=10795006&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-04-16 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A brominated-fluorene insect neuropeptide analog exhibits pyrokinin/PBAN-specific toxicity for adult females of the tobacco budworm moth. AN - 71530049; 11897401 AB - An analog of the insect pyrokinin/PBAN class of neuropeptides, which features a 2-amino7-bromofluorene attached to the carboxy-terminal bioactive core of the insect pyrokinin/PBAN class of neuropeptides (Phe-Thr-Pro-Arg-Leu-NH(2)), via a succinnic acid linker, was tested in adult H. virescens moths. This analog was found to induce pheromone production when injected into or applied topically to moths. Topical application of as much as 1 nmol of the analog to moths induced production of significant amounts of pheromone for only 1-2 h, whereas injection of 500 pmol induced pheromone production for up to 20 h. All insects died within 24 h after injection of 500 pmol of the analog. Mortality studies indicated that the LD(50) for the analog was 0.7 pmol when injected. A non-pyrokinin/PBAN peptide analog formed by attachment of 2-amino-7-bromofluorene to Ala-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-NH(2) (via the succinnic acid linker) did not induce mortality when injected at 1 nmol. Similarly no mortality was found when up to 2 nmol of an analog containing a non-brominated fluorene ring, formed by attachment of 9-fluoreneacetic acid to Phe-Thr-Pro-Arg-Leu-NH(2,) was injected into moths. The data indicated that both the bromine and active core of the pyrokinin neuropeptides (Phe-Thr-Pro-Arg-Leu-NH(2)) were critical for a specific toxic action and suggested that the brominated analog poisoned the moths by interacting with pyrokinin receptors. JF - Peptides AU - Teal, Peter E A AU - Nachman, Ronald J AD - Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, 1700 SW 23rd Dr., Gainesville, FL 32604, USA. pteal@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 801 EP - 806 VL - 23 IS - 4 SN - 0196-9781, 0196-9781 KW - Bromine Compounds KW - 0 KW - Insect Hormones KW - Insecticides KW - Neuropeptides KW - Sex Attractants KW - pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide, Helicoverpa zea KW - Index Medicus KW - Molecular Structure KW - Sex Attractants -- toxicity KW - Sex Attractants -- chemistry KW - Animals KW - Bromine Compounds -- chemistry KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Insecticides -- pharmacology KW - Female KW - Insect Hormones -- metabolism KW - Moths -- metabolism KW - Neuropeptides -- toxicity KW - Insect Hormones -- pharmacology KW - Neuropeptides -- chemistry KW - Insect Hormones -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71530049?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Peptides&rft.atitle=A+brominated-fluorene+insect+neuropeptide+analog+exhibits+pyrokinin%2FPBAN-specific+toxicity+for+adult+females+of+the+tobacco+budworm+moth.&rft.au=Teal%2C+Peter+E+A%3BNachman%2C+Ronald+J&rft.aulast=Teal&rft.aufirst=Peter+E&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=801&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Peptides&rft.issn=01969781&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-05 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stimulation of protein synthesis by both insulin and amino acids is unique to skeletal muscle in neonatal pigs. AN - 71497173; 11882508 AB - In neonatal pigs, the feeding-induced stimulation of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle, but not liver, can be reproduced by insulin infusion when essential amino acids and glucose are maintained at fasting levels. In the present study, 7- and 26-day-old pigs were studied during 1) fasting, 2) hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic-euaminoacidemic clamps, 3) euinsulinemic-euglycemic-hyperaminoacidemic clamps, and 4) hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic-hyperaminoacidemic clamps. Amino acids were clamped using a new amino acid mixture enriched in nonessential amino acids. Tissue protein synthesis was measured using a flooding dose of L-[4-(3)H]phenylalanine. In 7-day-old pigs, insulin infusion alone increased protein synthesis in various skeletal muscles (from +35 to +64%), with equivalent contribution of myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic proteins, as well as cardiac muscle (+50%), skin (+34%), and spleen (+26%). Amino acid infusion alone increased protein synthesis in skeletal muscles (from +28 to +50%), also with equivalent contribution of myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic proteins, as well as liver (+27%), pancreas (+28%), and kidney (+10%). An elevation of both insulin and amino acids did not have an additive effect. Similar qualitative results were obtained in 26-day-old pigs, but the magnitude of the stimulation of protein synthesis by insulin and/or amino acids was lower. The results suggest that, in the neonate, the stimulation of protein synthesis by feeding is mediated by either amino acids or insulin in most tissues; however, the feeding-induced stimulation of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle is uniquely regulated by both insulin and amino acids. JF - American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism AU - Davis, Teresa A AU - Fiorotto, Marta L AU - Burrin, Douglas G AU - Reeds, Peter J AU - Nguyen, Hanh V AU - Beckett, Philip R AU - Vann, Rhonda C AU - O'Connor, Pamela M J AD - United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Children's Nutrition Research Center, and Endocrinology and Metabolism Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. tdavis@bcm.tmc.edu Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - E880 EP - E890 VL - 282 IS - 4 SN - 0193-1849, 0193-1849 KW - Amino Acids KW - 0 KW - Blood Glucose KW - Insulin KW - Muscle Proteins KW - Tritium KW - 10028-17-8 KW - Phenylalanine KW - 47E5O17Y3R KW - Glucose KW - IY9XDZ35W2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Phenylalanine -- metabolism KW - Blood Glucose -- metabolism KW - Kinetics KW - Glucose Clamp Technique KW - Fasting KW - Glucose -- administration & dosage KW - Female KW - Amino Acids -- administration & dosage KW - Insulin -- blood KW - Insulin -- pharmacology KW - Insulin -- administration & dosage KW - Amino Acids -- pharmacology KW - Amino Acids -- blood KW - Animals, Newborn -- metabolism KW - Swine -- metabolism KW - Muscle, Skeletal -- metabolism KW - Muscle, Skeletal -- drug effects KW - Muscle Proteins -- biosynthesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71497173?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+physiology.+Endocrinology+and+metabolism&rft.atitle=Stimulation+of+protein+synthesis+by+both+insulin+and+amino+acids+is+unique+to+skeletal+muscle+in+neonatal+pigs.&rft.au=Davis%2C+Teresa+A%3BFiorotto%2C+Marta+L%3BBurrin%2C+Douglas+G%3BReeds%2C+Peter+J%3BNguyen%2C+Hanh+V%3BBeckett%2C+Philip+R%3BVann%2C+Rhonda+C%3BO%27Connor%2C+Pamela+M+J&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Teresa&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=282&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=E880&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+physiology.+Endocrinology+and+metabolism&rft.issn=01931849&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-04-08 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of biological measures by mid-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in soils within a landscape AN - 52117609; 2002-036979 JF - Soil Science AU - Mimmo, Tanja AU - Reeves, J B, III AU - McCarty, G W AU - Galletti, G Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 281 EP - 287 PB - Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore, MD VL - 167 IS - 4 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - soils KW - near-infrared spectra KW - chemical analysis KW - statistical analysis KW - mid-infrared diffuse reflectance spectra KW - enzymes KW - nitrogen KW - infrared spectra KW - MIDIR spectra KW - organic compounds KW - infrared spectroscopy KW - sampling KW - DRIFT spectra KW - carbon KW - soil surveys KW - surveys KW - applications KW - spectra KW - landscapes KW - spectroscopy KW - proteins KW - mid-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52117609?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Determination+of+biological+measures+by+mid-infrared+diffuse+reflectance+spectroscopy+in+soils+within+a+landscape&rft.au=Mimmo%2C+Tanja%3BReeves%2C+J+B%2C+III%3BMcCarty%2C+G+W%3BGalletti%2C+G&rft.aulast=Mimmo&rft.aufirst=Tanja&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=167&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.soilsci.com LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 27 N1 - PubXState - MD N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SOSCAK N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - applications; carbon; chemical analysis; DRIFT spectra; enzymes; infrared spectra; infrared spectroscopy; landscapes; mid-infrared diffuse reflectance spectra; mid-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy; MIDIR spectra; near-infrared spectra; nitrogen; organic compounds; proteins; sampling; soil surveys; soils; spectra; spectroscopy; statistical analysis; surveys ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biosynthetic pathway of diepoxy bicyclic FA from linoleic acid by Clavibacter sp. ALA2 AN - 21381537; 12035288 AB - The biosynthetic pathway of two bicyclic FA, 12∶ 17, 13∶ 17-diepoxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid (DEOA) and 7-hydroxy-12∶ 17, 13∶ 17-diepoxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid (hDEOA), by Clavibacter sp. ALA2 was investigated. When cultivated with linoleic acid as a substrate, the strain produced 12,13,17-trihydroxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid (THOA), DEOA, and hDEOA as well as other FA. To clarify the synthetic route to these bicyclic FA, the strain was cultivated with purified THOA as a starting substrate. THOA was consumed almost completely by the strain with sequential generation of DEOA and hDEOA. Moreover, the strain produced hDEOA when cultivated with purified DEOA. Therefore, it was confirmed that THOA was a precursor of these bicyclic FA and that hDEOA was generated from DEOA. Based on our previously reported result that linoleic acid is first converted to 12,13-dihydroxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid (DHOA) and the present results, the overall biosynthetic pathway for the diepoxy bicyclic FA from linoleic acid was postulated as: linoleic acid->DHOA->THOA->DEOA->hDEOA. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Iwasaki, Yugo AU - Brown, Wanda AU - Hou, Ching T AD - Microbial Genomics and Bioprocessing Research Unit, NCAUR, ARS, USDA, 1815 N. University, St., 61604-3999 Peoria, IL, houct@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 369 EP - 372 PB - American Oil Chemists' Society Press, 1608 Broadmoor Dr Champaign IL 61826-3489 USA VL - 79 IS - 4 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Oil KW - Linoleic acid KW - J 02490:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21381537?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Biosynthetic+pathway+of+diepoxy+bicyclic+FA+from+linoleic+acid+by+Clavibacter+sp.+ALA2&rft.au=Iwasaki%2C+Yugo%3BBrown%2C+Wanda%3BHou%2C+Ching+T&rft.aulast=Iwasaki&rft.aufirst=Yugo&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=369&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11746-002-0490-x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oil; Linoleic acid DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-002-0490-x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fate and Efficacy of Polyacrylamide Applied in Furrow Irrigation: Full-Advance and Continuous Treatments AN - 19939629; 5410502 AB - Polyacrylamide (PAM) is applied to 400 000 irrigated hectares annually in the USA to control irrigation-induced erosion, yet the fate of dissolved PAM applied in irrigation water is not well documented. We determined the fate of PAM added to furrow streams under two treatments: Initial-10, 10 mg L super(-1) PAM product applied only during the initial hours of the irrigation, and Cont-1, 1.0 mg L super(-1) PAM product applied continuously during the entire irrigation. The study measured PAM concentrations in 167-m-long PAM-treated furrow streams and along a 530-m tail ditch that received this runoff. Soil was Portneuf silt loam (coarse-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcid) with 1.5% slope. Samples were taken at three times during the irrigations, both during and after PAM application. Polyacrylamide was adsorbed to soil and removed from solution as the streams traversed the soil-lined channels. The removal rate increased with stream sediment concentration. Stream sediment concentrations were higher when PAM concentrations were 6 mg L super(-1) PAM a.i., stream sediment concentrations were minimal and PAM concentrations did not change down the furrow, though they decreased to undetectable levels within 0.5 h after application ceased. One percent of applied PAM was lost in tail-ditch runoff. This loss could have been eliminated by treating only the furrow advance or not treating the last two irrigations. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Lentz, R D AU - Sojka, R E AU - Mackey, B E AD - USDA-ARS, Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Lab., 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341, USA, lentz@nwisrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 661 EP - 670 VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - On-site Data Collections KW - Streams KW - Application Rates KW - Polymers (see also Polyelectrolytes) KW - Soil KW - Furrow Irrigation KW - Erosion Control KW - Irrigation (see also Land treatment) KW - inflow KW - Erosion control KW - Sediment pollution KW - Fate of Pollutants KW - Irrigation KW - silt KW - irrigation water KW - Channels KW - USA KW - Performance Evaluation KW - Erosion KW - loam KW - Water wells KW - Polymers KW - Pollution (Water) KW - Runoff KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19939629?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Fate+and+Efficacy+of+Polyacrylamide+Applied+in+Furrow+Irrigation%3A+Full-Advance+and+Continuous+Treatments&rft.au=Lentz%2C+R+D%3BSojka%2C+R+E%3BMackey%2C+B+E&rft.aulast=Lentz&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=661&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Channels; Soil; Sediment pollution; Erosion; loam; Irrigation; Water wells; inflow; silt; Streams; irrigation water; Irrigation (see also Land treatment); Pollution (Water); Runoff; Polymers (see also Polyelectrolytes); Erosion control; Performance Evaluation; Erosion Control; Furrow Irrigation; Fate of Pollutants; On-site Data Collections; Polymers; Application Rates; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Drinking Water Chlorination on Campylobacter spp. Colonization of Broilers AN - 19288086; 5536334 AB - SUMMARY.The main source for Campylobacter spp. transmission from the environment to broiler chickens is still unclear. One implicated reservoir for the organism has been untreated broiler drinking water. This study was conducted with broilers first using experimental conditions (isolation units) and second under commercial conditions. We compared the rate of intestinal colonization in chickens provided 2 to 5 parts per million (ppm) chlorinated drinking water in relation to the frequency of colonization in chickens given unsupplemented drinking water. No significant difference (P > 0.05) was detected in isolation frequency or level of Campylobacter spp. colonization in birds provided chlorinated drinking water and control birds provided water without supplemental chlorine. In the isolation unit experiments, 86.3% (69/80) of the control and 85.0% (68/80) of the treated birds were colonized at levels corresponding to an average of 105.2 and 105.1 log colony-forming units (cfu) Campylobacter spp./g of cecal contents, respectively. Additionally, two sets of paired 20,000 bird broiler houses, with and without chlorination (2-5 ppm chlorine), were monitored in a commercial field trial. Effectiveness of chlorination was judged by prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in fecal droppings (960 samples) taken from the flocks in treated and control houses. Birds from the control houses were 35.5% (175/493) Campylobacter spp. positive, while 45.8% (214/467) of the samples from the houses having chlorinated drinking water yielded the organism. Chlorination of flock drinking water at the levels tested in this study was not effective in decreasing colonization by Campylobacter spp. under commercial production practices presently used in the United States.Original Abstract: RESUMEN.Efecto de la adicion de cloro al agua de bebida sobre la colonizacion por Campylobacter en pollos de engorde.La fuente de transmision del Campylobacter desde el medio ambiente a los pollos de engorde no se ha determinado todavia. Se sospecha que uno de los reservorios para el microorganismo es el agua de bebida no tratada. El presente estudio se realizo primero en condiciones de laboratorio (unidades de aislamiento) y luego en condiciones de campo. Se comparo la frecuencia de la colonizacion intestinal en pollos que recibieron agua tratada con cloro con niveles de 2 a 5 partes por millon (ppm), con la de pollos que recibieron agua sin tratar. No se encontro una diferencia significativa (P > 0.05) en la frecuencia de aislamientos y los niveles de colonizacion por el Campylobacter entre los dos grupos. En las unidades de aislamiento, el 86.3% de las aves (69/80) en el grupo control, y el 85.0% de las aves (68/80) en el grupo tratado con el agua clorinada presentaron niveles de colonizacion promedios de 105.2 y 105.1 unidades formadoras de colonia del Campylobacter spp por gramo de contenido cecal, respectivamente. Adicionalmente, se estudio el efecto de la administracion de agua de bebida con y sin tratamiento con cloro (a niveles de 2 a 5 ppm) en galpones de crianza comerciales con capacidad para 20000 aves. La efectividad del tratamiento se determino mediante la evaluacion de los niveles de prevalencia del Campylobacter spp en las 960 muestras de heces tomadas de los galpones de las aves tratadas y los grupos control. Se aislo el Campylobacter en el 35.5% (175/493) de las muestras tomadas de los galpones de aves del grupo control, mientras que los niveles de aislamiento en las aves tratadas fue de un 45.8% (214 /467). Estos resultados indican que los niveles de tratamiento con cloro usados en este estudio no son efectivos para la disminucion de los niveles de colonizacion por parte del Campylobacter spp en las parvadas criadas bajo las practicas de produccion actuales en los Estados Unidos.Abbreviations: cfu = colony-forming units; IU = isolation unit; ppm = parts per million JF - Avian Diseases AU - Stern, N J AU - Robach, M C AU - Cox, NA AU - Musgrove, M T AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, Poultry Microbiological Safety Research Unit, 950 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30604-5677 Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 401 EP - 404 PB - American Association of Avian Pathologists VL - 46 IS - 2 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Colonization KW - Houses KW - Poultry KW - Colony-forming cells KW - Intestine KW - Campylobacter KW - Chlorine KW - Cecum KW - Chlorination KW - Isolation units KW - Drinking water KW - J 02410:Animal Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19288086?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Drinking+Water+Chlorination+on+Campylobacter+spp.+Colonization+of+Broilers&rft.au=Stern%2C+N+J%3BRobach%2C+M+C%3BCox%2C+NA%3BMusgrove%2C+M+T&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=401&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0005-2086%282002%29046%280401%3AEODWCO%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Colonization; Poultry; Houses; Colony-forming cells; Intestine; Cecum; Chlorine; Chlorination; Isolation units; Drinking water; Campylobacter DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0005-2086(2002)046(0401:EODWCO)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Effects of 6/85 Live Mycoplasma gallisepticum Vaccine in Commercial Layer Hens over a 43-Week Laying Cycle on Egg Production, Selected Egg Quality Parameters, and Egg Size Distribution When Challenged Before Beginning of Lay AN - 19287663; 5536337 AB - SUMMARY.In each of two trials, 80 commercial leghorn-type pullets were separated into two treatments with four replicates of 10 chickens in each treatment. Forty pullets were designated as controls and received no inoculation, whereas the remaining 40 pullets received the 6/85 vaccine strain of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) at 10 wk of age. Hen-day egg production, egg weight, eggshell strength, Haugh unit score, pimpling incidence, and blood/meat spot incidence were monitored and recorded weekly in each trial through an entire laying cycle of 43 wk. Further, eggs from all treatments were collected daily, Monday-Thursday, and individually weighed.No significant difference was observed between the treatments for 43-wk means for hen-day egg production, for any of the monitored egg or eggshell quality parameters, or for the number of extra large, large, medium, small, pee wee, or undergrade egg sizes. A significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) difference was observed for the number of jumbo-sized eggs between the two treatments.Results of this study suggest that vaccination of commercial layer chickens at 10 wk of age with 6/85 strain MG does not detrimentally impact egg production, egg size distribution, or ovary/oviduct function as evidenced by selected egg parameters monitored in this study.Original Abstract: RESUMEN.Efectos de la vacunacion con la cepa viva 6/85 del Mycoplasma gallisepticum sobre los niveles de produccion, parametros de calidad y tamano del huevo en aves durante un ciclo de postura de 43 semanas, desafiadas antes del inicio de la produccion.En dos estudios diferentes, 80 pollonas comerciales tipo leghorn fueron separadas en dos grupos de tratamiento con cuatro replicas de 10 aves por tratamiento. Cuarenta aves fueron usadas como grupo control no vacunadas, mientras que las 40 aves restantes fueron vacunadas con la cepa 6/85 del Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) a las 10 semanas de edad. Se tomaron semanalmente durante el ciclo de 43 semanas de postura los datos de produccion diaria de huevos por ave, peso de los huevos, calidad del cascaron, mediciones de unidades Haugh, incidencia de imperfecciones del cascaron y manchas de sangre. Los huevos en todos los tratamientos fueron recogidos diariamente de Lunes a Jueves y pesados en forma individual. No se observaron diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos durante las 43 semanas del estudio en los parametros observados, ni en el numero de huevos extra grandes, grandes, medianos, pequenos, enanos o huevos de desecho. Se encontro una diferencia significativa (P less than or equal to 0.05) en el numero de huevos tipo jumbo entre los dos tratamientos. Los resultados de este estudio indican que la vacunacion de gallinas ponedoras comerciales a las 10 semanas de edad con la cepa 6/85 de MG no incide en forma negativa en los parametros de produccion de huevos, distribucion de tamanos o funcion ovarica y del oviducto, tomando como evidencia los parametros observados en este estudio.Abbreviations: ESS = eggshell breaking strength; FA = fluorescent antibody; FMG = F strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum; HI = hemagglutination inhibition; MG = Mycoplasma gallisepticum; MS = Mycoplasma synoviae; NPIP = National Poultry Improvement Plan; SPA = serum plate agglutination JF - Avian Diseases AU - Branton, S L AU - Bearson, SMD AU - Bearson, B AU - Lott, B D AU - Maslin, W R AU - Collier, S D AU - Pharr, G T AU - Boykin, D L AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, South Central Poultry Research Laboratory, Mississippi State, MS 39762 Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 423 EP - 428 PB - American Association of Avian Pathologists VL - 46 IS - 2 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Age KW - Egg production KW - Vaccination KW - Egg shells KW - Meat KW - Blood KW - Oviduct KW - Inoculation KW - Vaccines KW - Ovaries KW - Mycoplasma gallisepticum KW - Size distribution KW - J 02350:Immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19287663?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=The+Effects+of+6%2F85+Live+Mycoplasma+gallisepticum+Vaccine+in+Commercial+Layer+Hens+over+a+43-Week+Laying+Cycle+on+Egg+Production%2C+Selected+Egg+Quality+Parameters%2C+and+Egg+Size+Distribution+When+Challenged+Before+Beginning+of+Lay&rft.au=Branton%2C+S+L%3BBearson%2C+SMD%3BBearson%2C+B%3BLott%2C+B+D%3BMaslin%2C+W+R%3BCollier%2C+S+D%3BPharr%2C+G+T%3BBoykin%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Branton&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=423&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0005-2086%282002%29046%280423%3ATEOLMG%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Meat; Egg shells; Blood; Age; Oviduct; Inoculation; Ovaries; Vaccines; Egg production; Vaccination; Size distribution; Mycoplasma gallisepticum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0005-2086(2002)046(0423:TEOLMG)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cecal Colonization of Chicks by Porcine Strains of Campylobacter coli AN - 19287063; 5536345 AB - SUMMARY.Ten genotypically distinct strains of Campylobacter coli were isolated from a swine production facility. These porcine isolates were then orally inoculated into day-of-hatch leghorn chicks and were excellent colonizers of the chick cecum. Campylobacter coli recovered from inoculated chickens were genotypically identical to the challenge strain. The absence of host specificity suggests a possible movement of strains among swine, field animals and birds, and poultry houses.Original Abstract: RESUMEN.Nota de Investigacion -Colonizacion cecal de pollos por cepas porcinas de Campylobacter coli.A partir de una granja de produccion porcina, se aislaron diez cepas de Campylobacter coli genotipicamente distintas. Estos aislados porcinos fueron inoculados oralmente en pollitos leghorn al dia de edad, encontrandose que todas las cepas colonizaron el ciego de los pollitos. El C. coli aislado de los pollitos inoculados fue genotipicamente identico a la cepa de desafio. La ausencia de especificidad de huesped sugiere un posible movimiento de cepas entre los porcinos, animales de campo y aves, lo mismo que entre las granjas avicolas.Abbreviations: CFU = colony-forming units; PCR = polymerase chain reaction JF - Avian Diseases AU - Ziprin, R L AU - Hume, ME AU - Young, C R AU - Harvey, R B AD - Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 2881 F & B Road, College Station, TX 77845 Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 473 EP - 477 PB - American Association of Avian Pathologists VL - 46 IS - 2 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Colonization KW - Host specificity KW - Houses KW - Poultry KW - Campylobacter coli KW - Cecum KW - J 02410:Animal Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19287063?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Cecal+Colonization+of+Chicks+by+Porcine+Strains+of+Campylobacter+coli&rft.au=Ziprin%2C+R+L%3BHume%2C+ME%3BYoung%2C+C+R%3BHarvey%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Ziprin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=473&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0005-2086%282002%29046%280473%3ACCOCBP%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Host specificity; Colonization; Poultry; Houses; Cecum; Campylobacter coli DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0005-2086(2002)046(0473:CCOCBP)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tomato Transcription Factors Pti4, Pti5, and Pti6 Activate Defense Responses When Expressed in Arabidopsis AN - 18710263; 5594079 AB - The Pti4, Pti5, and Pti6 proteins from tomato were identified based on their interaction with the product of the Pto disease resistance gene, a Ser-Thr protein kinase. They belong to the ethylene-response factor (ERF) family of plant-unique transcription factors and bind specifically to the GCC-box cis element present in the promoters of many pathogenesis-related (PR) genes. Here, we show that these tomato ERFs are localized to the nucleus and function in vivo as transcription activators that regulate the expression of GCC box-containing PR genes. Expression of Pti4, Pti5, or Pti6 in Arabidopsis activated the expression of the salicylic acid-regulated genes PR1 and PR2. Expression of jasmonic acid- and ethylene-regulated genes, such as PR3, PR4, PDF1.2, and Thi2.1, was affected differently by each of the three tomato ERFs, with Arabidopsis-Pti4 plants having very high levels of PDF1.2 transcripts. Exogenous application of salicylic acid to Arabidopsis-Pti4 plants suppressed the increased expression of PDF1.2 but further stimulated PR1 expression. Arabidopsis plants expressing Pti4 displayed increased resistance to the fungal pathogen Erysiphe orontii and increased tolerance to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato. These results indicate that Pti4, Pti5, and Pti6 activate the expression of a wide array of PR genes and play important and distinct roles in plant defense. JF - Plant Cell AU - Gu, Yong-Qiang AU - Wildermuth, M C AU - Chakravarthy, S AU - Loh, Ying-Tsu AU - Yang, Caimei AU - He, Xiaohua AU - Han, Yu AU - Martin, G B AD - USDA-ARS, WRRC, Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 817 EP - 831 VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 1040-4651, 1040-4651 KW - PDF1.2 gene KW - PR1 gene KW - Pti4 protein KW - Pti5 protein KW - Pti6 protein KW - jasmonic acid KW - tomato KW - Genetics Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - N 14930:Transcription factors KW - J 02890:Microbial symbiosis, antibiosis and predation KW - A 01030:General KW - G 07354:Dicotyledons (crops) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18710263?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Cell&rft.atitle=Tomato+Transcription+Factors+Pti4%2C+Pti5%2C+and+Pti6+Activate+Defense+Responses+When+Expressed+in+Arabidopsis&rft.au=Gu%2C+Yong-Qiang%3BWildermuth%2C+M+C%3BChakravarthy%2C+S%3BLoh%2C+Ying-Tsu%3BYang%2C+Caimei%3BHe%2C+Xiaohua%3BHan%2C+Yu%3BMartin%2C+G+B&rft.aulast=Gu&rft.aufirst=Yong-Qiang&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=817&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Cell&rft.issn=10404651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Experimental Infection of Turkeys with Avian Pneumovirus and Either Newcastle Disease Virus or Escherichia coli AN - 18631311; 5536336 AB - SUMMARY.Avian pneumoviruses (APVs) are RNA viruses responsible for upper respiratory disease in poultry. Experimental infections are typically less severe than those observed in field cases. Previous studies with APV and Escherichia coli suggest this discrepancy is due to secondary agents. Field observations indicate APV infections are more severe with concurrent infection by Newcastle disease virus (NDV). In the current study, we examined the role of lentogenic NDV in the APV disease process. Two-week-old commercial turkey poults were infected with the Colorado strain of APV. Three days later, these poults received an additional inoculation of either NDV or E. coli. Dual infection of APV with either NDV or E. coli resulted in increased morbidity rates, with poults receiving APV/NDV having the highest morbidity rates and displaying lesions of swollen infraorbital sinuses. These lesions were not present in the single APV, NDV, or E. coli groups. These results demonstrate that coinfection with APV and NDV can result in clinical signs and lesions similar to those in field outbreaks of APV.Original Abstract: RESUMEN.Infeccion experimental en pavos por pneumovirus aviar y el virus de la enfermedad de Newcastle o Escherichia coli.El pneumovirus aviar es un virus RNA responsable de una enfermedad respiratoria del tracto superior de las aves. Las infecciones experimentales son por lo general menos severas que las observadas en el campo. Estudios realizados con anterioridad con el pneumovirus aviar y Escherichia coli sugieren que las diferencias observadas pueden ser debidas a la presencia de agentes secundarios. Observaciones de campo indican que las infecciones por pneumovirus aviar son mas severas cuando se encuentran asociadas con el virus de la enfermedad de Newcastle. Se examino el papel del virus lentogenico de la enfermedad de Newcastle en el curso de la enfermedad ocasionada por el pneumovirus aviar. Se infectaron pavitos comerciales de 2 semanas de edad con la cepa Colorado del pneumovirus aviar y 3 dias despues, estos pavitos fueron inoculados con el virus de la enfermedad de Newcastle o con E. coli. Se observo un aumento en el indice de morbilidad en infecciones mixtas del pneumovirus aviar con el virus de la enfermedad de Newcastle o con E. coli. El mayor indice de morbilidad se observo en pavitos que recibieron el pneumovirus aviar y el virus de la enfermedad de Newcastle, presentando inflamacion de los senos infraorbitales. No se observo inflamacion de los senos infraorbitales en los grupos que recibieron unicamente el pneumovirus aviar, el virus de la enfermedad de Newcastle o el E. coli. Las infecciones mixtas del pneumovirus aviar y del virus de la enfermedad de Newcastle pueden resultar en signos clinicos y lesiones similares a las observadas en epidemias de pneumovirus aviar en el campo.Abbreviations: APV = avian pneumovirus; CFU = colony-forming units; CPE = cytopathic effect; DPI = days postinoculation; EID50 = 50% embryo infective dose; ELISA = enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; HA = hemagglutination; HI = hemagglutination inhibition; IBV = infectious bronchitis virus; Ig = immunoglobulin; i.n. = intranasal; NDV = Newcastle disease virus; OD = optical density; PBS = phosphate-buffered saline; PCR = polymerase chain reaction; RT = reverse transcriptase; TCID50 = 50% tissue culture infective dose; TRT = turkey rhinotracheitis JF - Avian Diseases AU - Turpin, E A AU - Perkins, LEL AU - Swayne, DE AD - Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA 30605 Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 412 EP - 422 PB - American Association of Avian Pathologists VL - 46 IS - 2 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - chickens KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - J 02862:Infection KW - V 22142:Symptomatology, pathology & etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18631311?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Experimental+Infection+of+Turkeys+with+Avian+Pneumovirus+and+Either+Newcastle+Disease+Virus+or+Escherichia+coli&rft.au=Turpin%2C+E+A%3BPerkins%2C+LEL%3BSwayne%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Turpin&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=412&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0005-2086%282002%29046%280412%3AEIOTWA%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0005-2086(2002)046(0412:EIOTWA)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Review: Campylobacter jejuni Infection during Pregnancy: Long-Term Consequences of Associated Bacteremia, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, and Reactive Arthritis AN - 18615705; 5532115 AB - Campylobacter jejuni infections are the main cause of foodborne gastroenteritis in the United States and other developed countries. Generally, C. jejuni infections are self-limiting and treatment is not necessary; however, infections caused by this organism can lead to potentially dangerous long-term consequences for some individuals. Bacteremia, Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS; an acute flaccid paralytic disease), and reactive arthritis (ReA) are the most serious of the long-term consequences of C. jejuni infections. During pregnancy, foodborne infections may be hazardous to both the woman and the fetus. C. jejuni- induced bacteremia during pregnancy may lead to intrauterine infection of the fetus, abortion, stillbirth, or early neonatal death. Infection of a newborn by the mother during the birth process or shortly after birth may lead to neonatal enteritis, bacteremia, and/or meningitis. C. jejuni enteritis is the inducing antecedent infection in approximately 30% of cases of GBS. Thus, pregnant women infected with C. jejuni may contract GBS. GBS during pregnancy does not affect fetal or infant development and does not increase spontaneous abortion or fetal death; however, it may induce spontaneous delivery during the third trimester in severe cases. Reactive arthritis occurs in approximately 2% of C. jejuni enteritis cases and leads to the impaired movement of various joints. Pregnant women with C. jejuni-induced reactive arthritis can be expected to deliver a normal infant. A pregnant patient with GBS or ReA may be unable to care for a newborn infant because of the physical impairment induced by these diseases. Since C. jejuni infections put both fetuses and pregnant women at risk, pregnant women must take special care in food handling and preparation to prevent such infections. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Smith, J L AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 696 EP - 708 VL - 65 IS - 4 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - man KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18615705?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Campylobacter+jejuni+Infection+during+Pregnancy%3A+Long-Term+Consequences+of+Associated+Bacteremia%2C+Guillain-Barre+Syndrome%2C+and+Reactive+Arthritis&rft.au=Smith%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=696&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using simulated emergent vegetation to alter stream flow direction within a straight experimental channel AN - 18563775; 5384919 AB - River restoration programs often use vegetation to enhance the biological functionality, recreational opportunities, and aesthetic beauty of degraded stream corridors. Yet, none has used vegetation for the purpose of inducing a straight channel to meander. A flume-based study was designed to alter the flow pattern within a straight, degraded stream corridor by using simulated emergent vegetation of varying density placed at key locations within the channel. Placement of vegetation zones was determined using an empirical relation for equilibrium meander wavelength based on the imposed flow rate. Surface flow velocities were quantified using particle image velocimetry. The study showed that (i) flow velocity can be markedly reduced within and near the vegetation zones, (ii) flow can be diverted toward the opposite bank, and (iii) vegetation density controlled the magnitude of these effects. JF - Geomorphology AU - Bennett, S J AU - Pirim, T AU - Barkdoll, B D AD - National Sedimentation Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655, USA, sjbennett@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Apr 01 SP - 115 EP - 126 VL - 44 IS - 1-2 SN - 0169-555X, 0169-555X KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation KW - Q2 02261:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18563775?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geomorphology&rft.atitle=Using+simulated+emergent+vegetation+to+alter+stream+flow+direction+within+a+straight+experimental+channel&rft.au=Bennett%2C+S+J%3BPirim%2C+T%3BBarkdoll%2C+B+D&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geomorphology&rft.issn=0169555X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Susceptibility of raccoons (Procyon lotor) to infection with Mycobacterium bovis AN - 18546603; 5508812 AB - Tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis infection is endemic in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in the northeastern portion of the lower Michigan peninsula (USA). Various wild carnivores and omnivores, including raccoons (Procyon lotor), are infected with M. bovis within the endemic area. To investigate the pathogenesis of tuberculosis in raccoons and the likelihood of M. bovis transmission from infected raccoons to other susceptible hosts, we experimentally inoculated raccoons with single oral doses of M. bovis (ranging from 30 to 1.7 X 10 super(5) colony forming units [CFU]), five daily oral doses of M. bovis (ranging from 10 to 1 X 10 super(5) CFU), or a single intravenous (IV) dose of 1 X 10 super(5) CFU of M. bovis, from November 1998 through December 2000. Granulomatous lesions consistent with tuberculosis, or tissue colonization with M. bovis, were seen in one of five raccoons in the single low oral dose group, one of five raccoons in the multiple low oral dose group, two of five raccoons in the multiple medium oral dose group, five of five raccoons in the multiple high oral dose group, and five of five raccoons in the IV inoculated group. In orally inoculated raccoons, lesions were most common in the tracheobronchial and mesenteric lymph nodes and lung. Excretion of M. bovis in saliva or nasal secretions was noted in all IV inoculated raccoons and two of five multiple low oral dose raccoons. Mycobacterium bovis was not isolated from urine or feces from any experimentally inoculated raccoons. The need for multiple large oral doses to establish infection, and the low number of orally inoculated raccoons that excreted M. bovis in nasal secretions or saliva, suggest that wide-spread tuberculosis among raccoons is unlikely. JF - Journal of Wildlife Diseases AU - Palmer, M V AU - Waters, W R AU - Whipple, D L AD - Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 2300 N. Dayton Avenue, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA, mpalmer@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 266 EP - 274 VL - 38 IS - 2 SN - 0090-3558, 0090-3558 KW - Raccoon KW - White-tailed deer KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18546603?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.atitle=Susceptibility+of+raccoons+%28Procyon+lotor%29+to+infection+with+Mycobacterium+bovis&rft.au=Palmer%2C+M+V%3BWaters%2C+W+R%3BWhipple%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=266&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.issn=00903558&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitric oxide production as an indication of Mycobacterium bovis infection in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) AN - 18545934; 5508821 AB - White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are reservoirs for Mycobacterium bovis in northeast Michigan, USA. Production of nitric oxide (NO) by activated macrophages is a potent mechanism of mycobacterial killing. The capacity of macrophages to produce NO, however, varies among mammalian species. The objective of this study was to determine if mononuclear cells from white-tailed deer produce nitrite as an indication of NO production and, if so, is NO produced in response to stimulation with M. bovis antigens. Supernatants were harvested from adherent peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures that had been stimulated with either Mannheimia haemolytica lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or media alone (i.e., no stimulation). Nitrite levels within M. haemolytica LPS-stimulated culture supernatants exceeded (P < 0.05) those detected within supernatants from non-stimulated cultures as well as those detected within supernatants from cultures receiving an inhibitor of NO synthase in addition to M. haemolytica LPS. In response to stimulation with M. bovis antigens, nitrite production by PBMC from M. bovis-infected deer exceeded (P < 0.05) the production by PBMC from non-infected deer. The response of PBMC from infected deer to M. bovis antigens exceeded (P < 0.05) the response of parallel cultures from the same deer receiving no stimulation. The response of PBMC from M. bovis-infected deer to M. avium antigens did not differ from that of PBMC from M. bovis-infected deer to no stimulation or from that of PBMC from non-infected deer to M. avium antigens. These findings indicate that adherent PBMC from white-tailed deer are capable of NO production and that mononuclear cells isolated from M. bovis-infected white-tailed deer produce NO in an antigen-specific recall response. JF - Journal of Wildlife Diseases AU - Waters, W R AU - Palmer, M V AU - Sacco, R E AU - Whipple, D L AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Unit, P.O. Box 70, Ames, Iowa 50010-0070, USA, rwaters@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 338 EP - 343 VL - 38 IS - 2 SN - 0090-3558, 0090-3558 KW - White-tailed deer KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18545934?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.atitle=Nitric+oxide+production+as+an+indication+of+Mycobacterium+bovis+infection+in+white-tailed+deer+%28Odocoileus+virginianus%29&rft.au=Waters%2C+W+R%3BPalmer%2C+M+V%3BSacco%2C+R+E%3BWhipple%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Waters&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=338&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.issn=00903558&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte subset proliferation and nitric oxide production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of captive elk (Cervus elaphus) AN - 18541209; 5508822 AB - Elk (Cervus elaphus) are reservoirs for Brucella abortus, Mycobacterium bovis, and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, each a serious pathogen of domestic livestock. An understanding of the basic immune responsiveness of elk would aid efforts to develop methods to diagnose and prevent these diseases of elk. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from captive elk were examined for phenotype, lymphocyte subset proliferative capacity, and ability to produce nitric oxide (NO) upon pokeweed mitogen (PWM) stimulation. Although gamma delta TCR super(+) cells represented a high percentage of the peripheral blood lymphocyte pool, these cells responded poorly to PWM stimulation. B cells (i.e., sIgM super(+) cells), conversely, were responsive to PWM stimulation. Addition of PWM to PBMC cultures also resulted in a significant production of nitrite, the stable oxidation product of NO. Similar to other ruminant species, the majority of elk peripheral blood sIgM super(+) cells co-expressed MHC class II and B-B4, a B cell lineage marker that varies in expression during B cell development. Findings from the present study provide basic information on several parameters of cellular immunity of elk. JF - Journal of Wildlife Diseases AU - Waters, W R AU - Sacco, R E AU - Fach, S J AU - Palmer, M V AU - Olsen, S C AU - Kreeger, T J AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Unit, P.O. Box 70, Ames, Iowa 50010-0070, USA, rwaters@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 344 EP - 351 VL - 38 IS - 2 SN - 0090-3558, 0090-3558 KW - Red Deer KW - pokeweed mitogen KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18541209?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+mitogen-stimulated+lymphocyte+subset+proliferation+and+nitric+oxide+production+by+peripheral+blood+mononuclear+cells+of+captive+elk+%28Cervus+elaphus%29&rft.au=Waters%2C+W+R%3BSacco%2C+R+E%3BFach%2C+S+J%3BPalmer%2C+M+V%3BOlsen%2C+S+C%3BKreeger%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Waters&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=344&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.issn=00903558&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spiders (Araneae) as potential predators of leaf roller larvae and egg masses (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Central Washington apple and pear orchards AN - 18508519; 5468225 AB - Eleven species of arboreal, hunting spiders, common in central Washington apple and pear orchards, were evaluated as potential predators of the tortricid leafrollers, Pandemis pyrusana Kearfott and Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), pests in Pacific Northwest orchards. All species fed on leafroller larvae established on apple and pear seedlings or branches during small cage tests. Cheiracanthium mildei L. Koch was the most effective predator in these tests, consuming 65% of larvae. C. mildei was also the most effective predator among six species used in tests where leafroller larvae were established on small, caged apple trees. Twelve species of arboreal, hunting spiders were tested as predators of C. rosaceana egg masses. C. mildei was the most effective egg mass predator and 35 of 112 individuals consumed part or all of an egg mass. In addition, Oxyopes scalaris Hentz and Cheiracanthium inclusum (Hentz) exhibited some feeding on eggs. JF - Pan-Pacific Entomologist AU - Miliczky, E R AU - Calkins, C O AD - Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture--Agricultural Research Service, 5230 Konnowac Pass Road, Wapato, Washington 98951, USA Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 140 EP - 150 PB - Pacific Coast Entomological Society VL - 78 IS - 2 SN - 0031-0603, 0031-0603 KW - Araneae KW - Leaf rollers KW - Lepidoptera KW - Spiders KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18508519?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pan-Pacific+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Spiders+%28Araneae%29+as+potential+predators+of+leaf+roller+larvae+and+egg+masses+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Tortricidae%29+in+Central+Washington+apple+and+pear+orchards&rft.au=Miliczky%2C+E+R%3BCalkins%2C+C+O&rft.aulast=Miliczky&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=140&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pan-Pacific+Entomologist&rft.issn=00310603&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Does the presence of Wyethia mollis affect growth of Pinus jeffreyi seedlings? AN - 18456813; 5420188 AB - Regeneration of Pinus jeffreyi in the Sierra Nevada is often limited on sites dominated by Wyethia mollis. Allelopathic chemicals and competition for soil moisture have been suggested as possible mechanisms for limiting regeneration. We tested the hypothesis that soil chemical and microbial properties from sites in different stages of succession influence seedling growth of Pinus jeffreyi. Soil was collected from an early-seral site dominated by Wyethia mollis, a mid-seral site dominated by the shrubs Arctostaphylos patula, Ceanothus prostratus, C. velutinus, and Purshia tridentata, and a late-seral site dominated by mature Pinus. These sites were compared for nutrient content, Pinus seedling growth capacity, and microbial population size. Soil (0-33 cm) from the early-seral site had the lowest C, microbial biomass, and fungal and bacterial populations. There were no consistent trends in soil nutrient content among sites. The early-seral site had the lowest soil Ca and Mg contents but also had a lower C/N ratio and more than twofold greater P content than either the mid- or late-seral site. Pinus seedling growth and foliar nutrient concentrations were compared at 3 harvest dates (220, 314, and 417 days after germination) in a greenhouse bioassay. The treatment design was a 3 x 2 factorial with soil from each of the 3 sites either with or without Pinus seedlings. Pots without seedlings were used as controls to assess the effects of seedlings on microbial biomass. Seedling growth in the early-seral soil was initially suppressed in comparison to growth in the mid-seral soil, but by the final harvest total seedling weight was similar between these 2 treatments. The most obvious treatment effect was a reduction in growth for seedlings planted in late-seral soil, probably due to a nutrient imbalance in the soil. Seedlings grown in late-seral soil had Fe and Al levels that were nearly twice those of seedlings grown in early- and mid-seral soils. Microbial biomass followed a temporal pattern similar to that found for seedling growth. Differences in microbial biomass between the early- and mid-seral soils, although initially large, were not detected by the final harvest. We interpret these results to indicate that allelopathy or soil nutrient deficiencies resulting from the presence of Wyethia are unlikely to be responsible for limited growth of Pinus seedlings in Wyethia-dominated stands. JF - Western North American Naturalist AU - Riegel, G M AU - Svejcar, T J AU - Busse, MD AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, Area Ecology Program, 1645 NE Highway 20, Bend, OR 97701, USA Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 141 EP - 150 VL - 62 IS - 2 SN - 1527-0904, 1527-0904 KW - Jeffrey PIne KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04635:Conifers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18456813?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Western+North+American+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Does+the+presence+of+Wyethia+mollis+affect+growth+of+Pinus+jeffreyi+seedlings%3F&rft.au=Riegel%2C+G+M%3BSvejcar%2C+T+J%3BBusse%2C+MD&rft.aulast=Riegel&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=141&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Western+North+American+Naturalist&rft.issn=15270904&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acetic acid production by Dekkera/Brettanomyces yeasts AN - 18423061; 5398130 AB - Yeast belonging to the genera Brettanomyces and Dekkera are noted for spoiling cellar and bottled wine through the production of haze, turbidity and acetic acid. However, I was unable to find information on the use of these yeasts for the expressed purpose of acetic acid production. Sixty yeast strains belonging to these, and several other genera, from the ARS Culture Collection, Peoria, IL, were screened for their ability to produce both ethanol and/or acetic acid. For ethanol production, the strains were grown anaerobically at 24 and 30 degree C in batch culture using glucose (100 g/l) as the carbon/energy source. For acetic acid production, the strains were grown aerobically in batch culture using either glucose (100 g/l) or ethanol (35 g/l) as the carbon/energy source. In the initial ethanol production screen, 19 strains produced at least 45 g ethanol/l. In the initial acetic acid screen, 28 of the yeast strains produced at least 5 g acetic acid/l from 100 g glucose/l, while 23 strains produced at least 5 g acetic acid/l from 35 g ethanol/l. JF - World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Freer, S N AD - Fermentation Biochemistry Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA, freersn@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 271 EP - 275 VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 0959-3993, 0959-3993 KW - acetic acid KW - ethanol KW - glucose KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - K 03097:Food microbiology & fermentation KW - A 01015:Fermentation & related processes KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 320:Cell Culture & Batch Fermentation KW - W2 32360:Organic acids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18423061?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Journal+of+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Acetic+acid+production+by+Dekkera%2FBrettanomyces+yeasts&rft.au=Freer%2C+S+N&rft.aulast=Freer&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=World+Journal+of+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=09593993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Does the availability of artificial cavities affect cavity excavation rates in Red-cockaded Woodpeckers? AN - 18414571; 5401006 AB - Rates of cavity excavation by Red-cockaded Woodpeckers (Picoides borealis) were examined from 1983 to 1999 on the Angelina National Forest in east Texas. We compared the rate of natural cavity excavation between 1983 and 1990 (before artificial cavities were available) with the rate of cavity excavation between 1992 and 1999, a period when artificial cavities were regularly installed within active woodpecker cavity-tree clusters. Our comparison was restricted to cavity-tree clusters in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) and loblolly (P. taeda)-shortleaf (P. echinata) pine habitats where woodpecker groups were present for the entire period between 1983 and 1999. Excavation rate of new cavities was significantly higher in longleaf pine habitat when artificial cavities were not available than during the subsequent period when artificial cavities were provided in all active cavity-tree clusters. In loblolly-shortleaf pine habitat, we did not detect a significant difference in the rate of new cavity excavation between the periods before and after the use of artificial cavities. We attribute the difference in results between habitats to a relative scarcity of cavities in loblolly-shortleaf pine sites due to a higher bark beetle-induced cavity tree mortality. JF - Journal of Field Ornithology AU - Conner, R N AU - Saenz, D AU - Rudolph, D C AU - Schaefer, R R AD - Wildlife Habitat and Silviculture Laboratory, Southern Research Station, U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Nacogdoches, Texas 75962 USA, c_connerrn@titan.sfasu.edu Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 125 EP - 129 PB - Association of Field Ornithologists VL - 73 IS - 2 SN - 0273-8570, 0273-8570 KW - Pines KW - Red-cockaded woodpecker KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25426:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18414571?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.atitle=Does+the+availability+of+artificial+cavities+affect+cavity+excavation+rates+in+Red-cockaded+Woodpeckers%3F&rft.au=Conner%2C+R+N%3BSaenz%2C+D%3BRudolph%2C+D+C%3BSchaefer%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Conner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=125&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.issn=02738570&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0273-8570%282002%29073%280125%3ADTAOAC%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0273-8570&volume=73&page=125 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0273-8570(2002)073(0125:DTAOAC)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - On-farm evaluation of Beauveria bassiana for control of Ostrinia nubilalis in Iowa, USA AN - 18411720; 5397498 AB - Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is a severe pest of corn in the major corn growing areas of the United States. The efficacy of a Beauveria bassiana application, for season-long suppression of O. nubilalis was evaluated in 1996 and 1997 at locations across Iowa. Beauveria bassiana, Mycotech 726 (Mycotech Corporation, Butte, MT) formulated on corn grit granules (14-20 mesh) at 2.2 x 10 super(9) conidia/g and applied with a hand-held applicator at the rate of 0.4 g/plant (8.8 x 10 super(8) conidia/plant). Applications were made when plants were in the V7 or R1 growth stage. The length of larval tunneling, percentage of plants not infested with O. nubilalis, percentage of plants with an endophyte, and yield from treated and control plots were determined. Whorl-stage application of B. bassiana in 1996 resulted in a significant reduction in centimeters of tunneling (46-55%) and the percentage plants not infested by O. nubilalis. In 1997, B. bassiana caused significant reductions in larval tunneling at all locations (20-53%); however, a significant increase in the percentage of plants not infested with O. nubilalis occurred at only one location. Treatment of plants with B. bassiana in 1997 did not significantly increase the percentage of plants with an endophyte; however, the trend, with the exception of one site, was for a greater percentage of endophytic plants in treated versus untreated plots. A whorl-stage application of a granular formulation of B. bassiana was most efficacious in reducing O. nubilalis larval damage. JF - BioControl AU - Lewis, L C AU - Bruck, D J AU - Gunnarson, R D AD - USDA-ARS, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Genetics Laboratory, c/o Insectary Building, Ames, Iowa, USA, leslewis@iastate.edu Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 167 EP - 176 VL - 47 IS - 2 SN - 1386-6141, 1386-6141 KW - European corn borer KW - Lepidoptera KW - maize KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - A 01030:General KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18411720?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BioControl&rft.atitle=On-farm+evaluation+of+Beauveria+bassiana+for+control+of+Ostrinia+nubilalis+in+Iowa%2C+USA&rft.au=Lewis%2C+L+C%3BBruck%2C+D+J%3BGunnarson%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=BioControl&rft.issn=13866141&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors associated with foliar disease of staked fresh market tomatoes grown under differing bed strategies AN - 18403545; 5388886 AB - The use of mulch or compost to reduce foliar disease in fresh market tomato could reduce fungicide use. Between 1997 and 1999, foliar disease was monitored in tomatoes grown in beds with bare soil, black polyethylene, composted dairy manure, or hairy vetch. Early blight was reduced in plots with vetch compared with bare soil or compost in all years and compared with polyethylene cover in 1 year. Early blight was reduced in plots with polyethylene versus compost and bare soil in 1 and 2 years, respectively. Septoria leaf spot was reduced in plots with vetch versus other bed strategies in 1998 and bare soil or compost in 1999. This disease was reduced in plots with polyethylene versus bare soil or compost in 1998 and 1999. Soil coverage of tomato leaflets and soil particle dispersal were reduced in plots with polyethylene or vetch versus bare soil or compost in both years that these variables were assessed. Sensor wetness duration was reduced in plots with polyethylene or vetch versus bare soil or compost in one of two years. These findings suggest that foliar disease reduction in mulch was associated with reduced splash dispersal and, in one year, reduced leaf wetness. JF - Plant Disease AU - Mills, D J AU - Coffman, C B AU - Teasdale, J R AU - Everts, K L AU - Anderson, J D AD - Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, Plant Sciences Institute, Henry A. Wallace-Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, ccoffman@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 356 EP - 361 VL - 86 IS - 4 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - polyethylene KW - tomato KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18403545?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Factors+associated+with+foliar+disease+of+staked+fresh+market+tomatoes+grown+under+differing+bed+strategies&rft.au=Mills%2C+D+J%3BCoffman%2C+C+B%3BTeasdale%2C+J+R%3BEverts%2C+K+L%3BAnderson%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Mills&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=356&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Canopy arthropod assemblages along a precipitation and latitudinal gradient among Douglas-fir Pseudotsuga menziesii forests in the Pacific Northwest of the United States AN - 18400785; 5386906 AB - Insects are particularly sensitive to environmental conditions and can serve as responsive indicators of changing climatic patterns and habitat conditions. However, changes in patterns of abundance over environmental gradients in forest ecosystems are poorly known. To examine landscape patterns of invertebrate assemblages, arboreal arthropods were collected during two seasons (spring and summer) by bagging branches from the lower, middle and upper canopy levels from six stands in nine second-growth (100-150 yr old) forests and old-growth (500 yr old) forests in Washington and Oregon. Detrended correspondence analysis and multi-response permutation procedure showed that the composition of the canopy assemblages varied significantly with latitude, precipitation and tree age. Indicator analysis was used to assess each taxon's importance in response to the environmental variables. Individual taxa showed associations with latitudinal and precipitation gradients, and between old-growth and mature Douglas-fir. These effects may be used to anticipate the impacts of climate change or land use scenarios on the spatial patterns of forest invertebrate assemblages. JF - Ecography AU - Progar, R A AU - Schowalter, T D AD - Forest Health Protection, USDA Forest Service, Boise Field Office, 1249 S. Vinnell Way, Suite 200, Boise, ID 83709, USA, rprogar@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 129 EP - 138 VL - 25 IS - 2 SN - 0906-7590, 0906-7590 KW - Douglas-fir KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18400785?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecography&rft.atitle=Canopy+arthropod+assemblages+along+a+precipitation+and+latitudinal+gradient+among+Douglas-fir+Pseudotsuga+menziesii+forests+in+the+Pacific+Northwest+of+the+United+States&rft.au=Progar%2C+R+A%3BSchowalter%2C+T+D&rft.aulast=Progar&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecography&rft.issn=09067590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interactions Among the Aphid Diuraphis noxia, the Entomopathogenic Fungus Paecilomyces fumosoroseus and the Coccinellid Hippodamia convergens AN - 18399944; 5388092 AB - Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Wize) Brown & Smith is under development as a mycoinsecticide for control of the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia Kurdjumov. Interactions with other natural enemies within the agro-ecosystem, such as the coccinellid Hippodamia convergens Guerin, require evaluation before its potential can be realized. In laboratory bioassays H. convergens adults were sprayed with suspensions of P. fumosoroseus conidia at different concentrations (including potential field rates) and mortality assessed. Although a proportion of coccinellids succumbed to infection (the greatest proportion was 22% when the ladybirds had suffered stress) it is unlikely that they would be at risk from infection as a direct result of a spray application unless there were prolonged periods of high humidity or the coccinellids were stressed. When provided with uninfected or P. fumosoroseus-infected D. noxia cadavers as prey, coccinellids consumed more uninfected aphids. The predators never consumed aphid cadavers from which the fungus was erupting or sporulating. Hippodamia convergens is, therefore, unlikely to be a significant intraguild predator of P. fumosoroseus. Predators contaminated with conidia of P. fumosoroseus using different methods (sprayed coccinellids, coccinellids foraging on sprayed aphids, and those foraging in the presence of sporulating D. noxia cadavers) were able to transfer conidia to healthy D. noxia populations and initiate infection in a proportion of those aphids. The proportion of aphids becoming infected was greatest when the coccinellids became contaminated when foraging amongst sporulating cadavers. Some coccinellids also succumbed to infection under these conditions. JF - Biocontrol Science and Technology AU - Pell, J K AU - Vandenberg, J D AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Plant, Soil and Nutrition Laboratory, Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA, judith.pell@bbsrc.ac.uk Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 217 EP - 224 VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 0958-3157, 0958-3157 KW - Aphids KW - Coleoptera KW - Homoptera KW - Ladybird beetles KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18399944?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Interactions+Among+the+Aphid+Diuraphis+noxia%2C+the+Entomopathogenic+Fungus+Paecilomyces+fumosoroseus+and+the+Coccinellid+Hippodamia+convergens&rft.au=Pell%2C+J+K%3BVandenberg%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Pell&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=09583157&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F09583150120124478 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09583150120124478 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interacting elevated CO sub(2) and tropospheric O sub(3) predisposes aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) to infection by rust (Melampsora medusae f. sp. tremuloidae ) AN - 18392677; 5380769 AB - We investigated the interaction of elevated CO sub(2) and/or (Ozone) O sub(3) on the occurrence and severity of aspen leaf rust (Melampsora medusae Thuem. f. sp. tremuloidae ) on trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.). Furthermore, we examined the role of changes in leaf surface properties induced by elevated CO sub(2) and/or O sub(3) in this host-pathogen interaction. Three- to five-fold increases in levels of rust infection index were found in 2 consecutive years following growing-season-long exposures with either O sub(3) alone or CO sub(2) + O sub(3) depending on aspen clone. Examination of leaf surface properties (wax appearance, wax amount, wax chemical composition, leaf surface and wettability) suggested significant effects by O sub(3) and CO sub(2) + O sub(3) . We conclude that elevated O sub(3) is altering aspen leaf surfaces in such a way that it is likely predisposing the plants to increased infection by aspen leaf rust. JF - Global Change Biology AU - Karnosky, D F AU - Percy, KE AU - Xiang, B AU - Callan, B AU - Noormets, A AU - Mankovska, B AU - Hopkin, A AU - Sober, J AU - Jones, W AU - Dickson, R E AU - Isebrands, J G AD - Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michigan 49931 USA, Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service-Atlantic Forestry Centre, PO Box 4000, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada, Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service-Pacific Forestry Centre, 506 West Burnside Road, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada, Forest Research Institute, T.G. Masarykova Street 2195, 960 92 Zvolen, Slovakia, Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service-Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen Street, PO Box 490, Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 5M7, Canada, **USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, Wisconsin 54501 USA, Karnosky@mtu.edu Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 329 EP - 338 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 8 IS - 4 SN - 1354-1013, 1354-1013 KW - Quaking aspen KW - infection KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18392677?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Change+Biology&rft.atitle=Interacting+elevated+CO+sub%282%29+and+tropospheric+O+sub%283%29+predisposes+aspen+%28Populus+tremuloides+Michx.%29+to+infection+by+rust+%28Melampsora+medusae+f.+sp.+tremuloidae+%29&rft.au=Karnosky%2C+D+F%3BPercy%2C+KE%3BXiang%2C+B%3BCallan%2C+B%3BNoormets%2C+A%3BMankovska%2C+B%3BHopkin%2C+A%3BSober%2C+J%3BJones%2C+W%3BDickson%2C+R+E%3BIsebrands%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Karnosky&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=329&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Change+Biology&rft.issn=13541013&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1354-1013.2002.00479.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1354-1013.2002.00479.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genome Scale Comparison of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis with Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium Reveals Potential Diagnostic Sequences AN - 18371065; 5348848 AB - The genetic similarity between Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and other mycobacterial species has confounded the development of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-specific diagnostic reagents. Random shotgun sequencing of the M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis genome in our laboratories has shown >98% sequence identity with Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium in some regions. However, an in silico comparison of the largest annotated M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis contigs, totaling 2,658,271 bp, with the unfinished M. avium subsp. avium genome has revealed 27 predicted M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis coding sequences that do not align with M. avium subsp. avium sequences. BLASTP analysis of the 27 predicted coding sequences (genes) shows that 24 do not match sequences in public sequence databases, such as GenBank. These novel sequences were examined by PCR amplification with genomic DNA from eight mycobacterial species and Ten independent isolates of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. From these analyses, 21 genes were found to be present in all M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates and absent from all other mycobacterial species tested. One region of the M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis genome contains a cluster of eight genes, arranged in tandem, that is absent in other mycobacterial species. This region spans 4.4 kb and is separated from other predicted coding regions by 1,408 bp upstream and 1,092 bp downstream. The gene upstream of this eight-gene cluster has strong similarity to mycobacteriophage integrase sequences. The GC content of this 4.4-kb region is 66%, which is similar to the rest of the genome, indicating that this region was not horizontally acquired recently. Southern hybridization analysis confirmed that this gene cluster is present only in M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Collectively, these studies suggest that a genomics approach will help in identifying novel M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis genes as candidate diagnostic sequences. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Bannantine, J P AU - Baechler, E AU - Zhang, Q AU - Li, L AU - Kapur, V AD - National Animal Disease Center, ARS-USDA, 2300 North Dayton Ave., Ames, IA 50010., jbannant@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 1303 EP - 1310 VL - 40 IS - 4 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - nucleotide sequence KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18371065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Genome+Scale+Comparison+of+Mycobacterium+avium+subsp.+paratuberculosis+with+Mycobacterium+avium+subsp.+avium+Reveals+Potential+Diagnostic+Sequences&rft.au=Bannantine%2C+J+P%3BBaechler%2C+E%3BZhang%2C+Q%3BLi%2C+L%3BKapur%2C+V&rft.aulast=Bannantine&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.40.4.1303-1310.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.4.1303-1310.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution of Aspergillus section Flavi among field soils from the four agroecological zones of the republic of Benin, West Africa AN - 18341463; 5388465 AB - Certain members of Aspergillus section Flavi produce carcinogenic and immunotoxic metabolites called aflatoxins. These fungi perennate in soils and infect maize grain in the field and in storage. The distribution of Aspergillus section Flavi across the four different agroecologies of Benin Republic was determined. The four agroecological zones range from humid equatorial tropics in the south to the dry savanna near the Sahara desert in the north. Soil samples collected in 1994 to 1996 from 44 different maize fields in Benin were assayed over 3 years (88 samples total) for fungi in Aspergillus section Flavi. All soils tested contained A. flavus. Isolates (1,454 total) were collected by dilution plate from the soils and existed in populations ranging from 200 CFU/g of soil. CFU counts did not differ from year to year or change significantly with cropping systems within a zone, but differed significantly among zones. Incidence of A. flavus strain isolations varied from south to north, with greater number of CFU of L strain isolates in southern latitudes and higher numbers of CFU of S strain isolates found in the north. The L strain isolates occurred in 81 of 88 samples, whereas S strain isolates were in only 41 of 88 soil samples. Of 96 L strain isolates tested, 44% produced aflatoxins. Only B toxins were produced, and toxigenic isolates averaged over 100 mu g of aflatoxin B sub(1) per 70 ml of fermentation medium ( approximately 1.4 ppm). All S strain isolates produced both B and G aflatoxins, averaging over 557 mu g of aflatoxin B sub(1) per 70 ml (8 ppm) and 197 mu g of aflatoxin G sub(1) per 70 ml of fermentation medium (2.8 ppm). A. parasiticus and A. tamarii were present in less than 10% of the fields and were not associated with any particular agroecological zone. JF - Plant Disease AU - Cardwell, K F AU - Cotty, P J AD - International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, B.P. 08-0932, Cotonou, Benin, and U.S. Department of Agriculture, ARS, SRRC, P.O. Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA, Kcardwell@srrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 434 EP - 439 VL - 86 IS - 4 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Soil KW - Geographical distribution KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - Benin KW - Aflatoxins KW - A 01047:General KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18341463?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Distribution+of+Aspergillus+section+Flavi+among+field+soils+from+the+four+agroecological+zones+of+the+republic+of+Benin%2C+West+Africa&rft.au=Cardwell%2C+K+F%3BCotty%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Cardwell&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=434&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus flavus; Benin; Soil; Geographical distribution; Aflatoxins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geo-referenced spatiotemporal analysis of the urban citrus canker epidemic in Florida AN - 18341140; 5388566 AB - Five areas in urban Miami were identified to study the spread of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri to determine if the practice of removing exposed citrus trees within 38.1 m of trees affected by citrus canker was adequate to curtail further bacterial spread. To accomplish this, 18,769 trees in dooryards were surveyed, geo-referenced by differential global positioning systems (GPS), and assayed for disease severity, age of infection, citrus cultivar, location of infection in tree, and canopy size. For each tree, the date the tree became infected was estimated and used to separate trees into contiguous 30-day categories. For each area studied, distance measurements between focal trees and newly infected trees were calculated for various temporal periods of 30, 60, 90, and 120 days in duration, corresponding to intervals of inspection survey. A visual basic application was used to calculate the distances between each newly diseased tree and all prior focal trees. The nearest distance was used because it was considered the most conservative estimate possible. It is therefore likely to be an underestimate of spread but is a good estimate of the minimum possible distances of spread. For the first four 30-day periods among the five study areas, calculated maximum distances of spread ranged from 12 to 3,474 m, indicating a broad continuum of distance for bacterial spread was possible. Disease increased during the first two-thirds of the time studied and reached an asymptote due to dry conditions in the final one-third of the duration of the study. Cross correlation analysis indicated that disease was best visualized 107 days following rainstorms with wind. Analysis of regional spatial point patterns was performed temporally for each 30-day period via a modified Ripley's K-function. Spatiotemporal analyses between periods over areas larger than previously examined were accomplished via spatiotemporal semivariogram analysis. These methods in combination demonstrated rapid increases in range of spatial dependency and range of spatiotemporal dependency for all study sites. This corresponded to rapid spread of disease across the regions studied in response to rainstorms with wind followed by a 'filling in' of disease on remaining noninfected susceptible trees through time by less intense rain events. A stochastic quadratization technique demonstrated that disease incidence and disease severity were not greatly affected by urban host density but were positively correlated to host susceptibility within local 0.25-km super(2) quadrats. JF - Phytopathology AU - Gottwald, T R AU - Sun, X AU - Riley, T AU - Graham, J H AU - Ferrandino, F AU - Taylor, EL AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ft. Pierce, FL 34945, USA, tgottwald@ushrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 361 EP - 377 VL - 92 IS - 4 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Canker KW - Disease spread KW - Plant diseases KW - Spatial distribution KW - USA, Florida KW - Temporal variations KW - Disease resistance KW - Xanthomonas axonopodis KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - A 01027:Fruit trees UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18341140?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Geo-referenced+spatiotemporal+analysis+of+the+urban+citrus+canker+epidemic+in+Florida&rft.au=Gottwald%2C+T+R%3BSun%2C+X%3BRiley%2C+T%3BGraham%2C+J+H%3BFerrandino%2C+F%3BTaylor%2C+EL&rft.aulast=Gottwald&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=361&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Xanthomonas axonopodis; USA, Florida; Plant diseases; Canker; Disease spread; Temporal variations; Spatial distribution; Disease resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors affecting germination of Puccinia jaceae var. solstitialis teliospores from yellow starthistle AN - 18337361; 5388564 AB - The rust fungus Puccinia jaceae var. solstitialis is a candidate for biological control of yellow starthistle (YST). Part of the risk assessment includes determining if safflower seedlings are susceptible to infection by teliospores of P. jaceae. A protocol for germination of P. jaceae teliospores is needed to verify that teliospores used in comparative studies are viable. The protocol developed from this research has two steps: first, priming teliospores on water agar at 4 degree C in the dark, and second, incubating them at warmer temperatures for 1 week in the presence of an exogenous stimulator. Priming longer than 4 weeks resulted in significantly greater germination than priming for shorter periods. Sources of effective stimulator included seeds and seedlings of YST or safflower. The greatest germination occurred during incubation at 18 degree C in the dark. Teliospore germination was reduced after incubation with a 12- or 14-h photoperiod. A low percentage (<20%) of teliospores of two isolates germinated after 44 and 96 weeks of dry storage at room temperature; samples of each isolate tested after that did not germinate. Data indicate teliospores of several isolates of P. jaceae are viable, and the protocol will be used to prepare teliospores of P. jaceae for comparative studies with P. carthami on safflower seedlings. JF - Phytopathology AU - Bruckart, W L AU - Eskandari, F AD - US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702, USA, wbruckart@fdwsr.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 355 EP - 360 VL - 92 IS - 4 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Temperature effects KW - Germination KW - Puccinia jaceae KW - Teliospores KW - A 01030:General KW - K 03006:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18337361?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Factors+affecting+germination+of+Puccinia+jaceae+var.+solstitialis+teliospores+from+yellow+starthistle&rft.au=Bruckart%2C+W+L%3BEskandari%2C+F&rft.aulast=Bruckart&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=355&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Puccinia jaceae; Teliospores; Germination; Temperature effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predator Abundance in Alfalfa Fields in Relation to Aphids, Within-Field Vegetation, and Landscape Matrix AN - 18315349; 5363437 AB - We used multiple regression modeling to investigate the numerical response by the predatory insects Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville, H. parenthesis (Say), and C. septempunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Chrysoaperla plorabunda (Fitch) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), and Nabis americoferus Carayon (Hemiptera: Nabidae) to aphids during 5 yr in three geographically separated alfalfa fields in eastern South Dakota. Regression models for abundance of adults of all species were significant. Regression models for immature H. convergens, H. parenthesis, and C. septempunctata were significant, but regression models for immature C. plorabunda and N. americoferus were not significant. Regression parameters differed among the three fields for most predator species, indicating that the numerical response was dependent on geographical location. To obtain insight into why the numerical response by predators differed among fields we determined how the abundance of predators in alfalfa fields was influenced by the landscape surrounding a field and the vegetation in it. Variables describing the complexity of the landscape surrounding alfalfa fields and the plant community in the fields entered into regression models for predator abundance and explained a greater proportion of the variance in predator abundance than aphid abundance did. We conclude that the structure of the landscape matrix plays an important role in determining the abundance of aphid predators in alfalfa fields, as does the plant community in a field. These effects can sometimes overshadow the direct numerical response by predators to aphids. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Elliott, N C AU - Kieckhefer, R W AU - Michels, GJ Jr AU - Giles, K L AD - USDA-ARS, Plant Science Research Laboratory, 1301 N. Western Street, Stillwater, OK 74075, USA, nelliott@pswcrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 253 EP - 260 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ladybird beetles KW - Green lacewings KW - Damsel bugs KW - Aphids KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Nabidae KW - Landscape KW - Abundance KW - Aphididae KW - Predators KW - Crops KW - Chrysopidae KW - Coccinellidae KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18315349?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Predator+Abundance+in+Alfalfa+Fields+in+Relation+to+Aphids%2C+Within-Field+Vegetation%2C+and+Landscape+Matrix&rft.au=Elliott%2C+N+C%3BKieckhefer%2C+R+W%3BMichels%2C+GJ+Jr%3BGiles%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=253&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coccinellidae; Chrysopidae; Nabidae; Aphididae; Predators; Abundance; Crops; Landscape ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Habitat Depth on Host Location by Five Species of Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae, Chalcididae) of House Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) in Three Types of Substrates AN - 18314790; 5364484 AB - Four species of pteromalid parasitoids [Muscidifurax raptor Girault & Sanders, Spalangia cameroni Perkins, Spalangia endius Walker, Spalangia gemina Boucek, and the chalcidid Dirhinus himalayanus (Masi)] were evaluated for their ability to locate house fly pupae at various depths in poultry manure (41% moisture), fly rearing medium (43% moisture), and sandy soil (4% moisture) from a dairy farm. Searching activity in manure was largely confined to the surface (M. raptor, D. himalayanus, and S. gemina) or to depths of up to 2 cm below the surface (S. endius, S. cameroni). S. cameroni was the most effective species at locating buried pupae in manure. All of the species searched over a wider range of habitat depths in fly rearing medium, although M. raptor and S. gemina tended to concentrate their searching activity relatively close to the surface of the substrate. Host attacks by these species at 6 cm were 30-40% lower than on the surface of the medium. S. endius searched uniformly at all depths in rearing medium and S. cameroni had highest rates of host attacks 1-2 cm below the surface of this substrate. The parasitoids displayed considerable fidelity to their search patterns regardless of whether or not they were given a choice of habitat depths in which they could find pupae. None of the parasitoids were effective at attacking fly pupae that were buried in sandy soil at any depth. The results suggest that fly larvae that pupate in the sandy soils typical of Florida's coastal plains are relatively impervious to attack by pupal parasitoids. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Geden, C J AD - Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA, cgeden@nersp.nerdc.ufl.edu Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 411 EP - 417 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Chalcidid wasps KW - Face flies KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Habitat preferences KW - Muscidae KW - Parasitoids KW - Chalcididae KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25503:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18314790?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Habitat+Depth+on+Host+Location+by+Five+Species+of+Parasitoids+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Pteromalidae%2C+Chalcididae%29+of+House+Flies+%28Diptera%3A+Muscidae%29+in+Three+Types+of+Substrates&rft.au=Geden%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Geden&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=411&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chalcididae; Muscidae; Habitat preferences; Parasitoids ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interactions Among Two Species of Eretmocerus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), Two Species of Whiteflies (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), and Tomato AN - 18313687; 5364471 AB - Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the influence of two tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Miller) varieties ('Trust' and 'Floridade') on the biology of two whitefly species, Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), and the interactions of host plant and whiteflies on the biology and parasitization of two parasitoid species, Eretmocerus eremicus Rose & Zolnerowich (native) and Eretmocerus mundus Mercet (exotic). Natural mortality, developmental time, and fecundity of B. argentifolii were not significantly different from those of T. vaporariorum on either tomato variety. The two species of Eretmocerus responded differently to the whitefly hosts. Eretmocerus mundus developed significantly faster, produced more progeny, and had greater parasitism and rate of emergence in B. argentifolii than in T. vaporariorum. Eretmocerus eremicus performed similarly on both whitefly species except that its females deposited more eggs in B. argentifolii than in T. vaporariorum nymphs. Females of both parasitoid species emerging from T. vaporariorum were significantly larger than those emerged from B. argentifolii. Tomato variety had no significant effect on the two parasitoid species. Eretmocerus eremicus attack both whiteflies efficiently and it can be used as a single species for whitefly management. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Greenberg, S M AU - Jones, WA AU - Liu, T-X AD - Kika de la Garza Subtropical Agricultural Research Center, ARS-USDA, 2413 E. Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA, sgreenberg@weslaco.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 397 EP - 402 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Homoptera KW - Hymenoptera KW - tomato KW - Greenhouse white fly KW - Whiteflies KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Aleyrodidae KW - Parasitism KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - Host-parasite interactions KW - Aphelinidae KW - Bemisia argentifolii KW - Eretmocerus eremicus KW - Control programs KW - Tri-trophic interactions KW - Host plants KW - Eretmocerus mundus KW - Trialeurodes vaporariorum KW - Reproduction KW - Emergence KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18313687?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Interactions+Among+Two+Species+of+Eretmocerus+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Aphelinidae%29%2C+Two+Species+of+Whiteflies+%28Homoptera%3A+Aleyrodidae%29%2C+and+Tomato&rft.au=Greenberg%2C+S+M%3BJones%2C+WA%3BLiu%2C+T-X&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=397&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lycopersicon esculentum; Bemisia argentifolii; Trialeurodes vaporariorum; Eretmocerus eremicus; Eretmocerus mundus; Aleyrodidae; Aphelinidae; Host-parasite interactions; Tri-trophic interactions; Emergence; Reproduction; Control programs; Host plants; Parasitism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Integrated Pest Management for Dasineura oxycoccana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Blueberry AN - 18313539; 5364462 AB - The ecology and control for the little-understood, blueberry bud-infesting gall midge Dasincura oxycoccana (Johnson) was studied to help reduce an estimated 20-80% blueberry crop loss due to this insect in the southern United States. Principal natural enemies were eulophid wasps, 85% of which were Aprostocetus (Perkins). Overall parasitism rate was 7% in the field, at times peaking around 34%. A 75% decline in the abundance of larval D. oxycoccana coincided with parasitoid activity between April to September. Larval Toxomerus geminatus (Say) Metz (Syrphidae) were early-season predators of immature D. oxycoccana. Prey handling took 3-10 min, with each predator eating approximately seven gall midge larvae in a 16-h period. Prebloom applications of malathion would be effective larvicides against D. oxycoccana, inducing 94% mortality in 24 h. A microbial-based alternative to malathion, spinosad, induced average mortality of 46% in 24 h. Spinosad was as effective as phosmet (50% mortality in 24 h) for D. oxycoccana control. Patterns of host plant resistance to D. oxycoccana were not obvious among 26 cultivars, accessions and species of Vaccinium. Additionally, the use of a dormancy-breaking compound, hydrogen cyanamide, could also have a deleterious side effect: boosting gall midge populations and spurring 50% greater infestation of D. oxycoccana larvae in rabbiteye blueberry buds. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Sampson, B J AU - Stringer, S J AU - Spiers, J M AD - Small Fruit Research Station, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Poplarville, MS 39470, USA, bsampson@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 339 EP - 347 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Diptera KW - Hymenoptera KW - Gall midges KW - Gall gnats KW - Blueberries KW - Cranberries KW - Eulophid wasps KW - Eulophids KW - Syrphid flies KW - Hover flies KW - phosmet KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Predators KW - Vaccinium KW - Malathion KW - Eulophidae KW - Pesticide applications KW - Aprostocetus KW - Toxomerus geminatus KW - Syrphidae KW - Cecidomyiidae KW - Dasineura oxycoccana KW - Integrated control KW - Parasitoids KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18313539?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Integrated+Pest+Management+for+Dasineura+oxycoccana+%28Diptera%3A+Cecidomyiidae%29+in+Blueberry&rft.au=Sampson%2C+B+J%3BStringer%2C+S+J%3BSpiers%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Sampson&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=339&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cecidomyiidae; Dasineura oxycoccana; Aprostocetus; Vaccinium; Toxomerus geminatus; Eulophidae; Syrphidae; Integrated control; Malathion; Pesticide applications; Predators; Parasitoids ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Forest Management Practices on the Federally Endangered Running Buffalo Clover (Trifolium stoloniferum Muhl. ex. A. Eaton) AN - 18313486; 5368786 AB - Running buffalo clover (Trifolium stoloniferum Muhl. ex. A. Eaton), a federally endangered plant species, often occurs in habitats affected by periodic disturbance such as mowing or grazing. At the Fernow Experimental Forest in West Virginia, USA, it is most often associated with skid roads where uneven-aged silvicultural techniques are being tested. We monitored running buffalo clover population trends for seven years in two research compartments before and after scheduled silvicultural operations. Stem density (stems/m super(2)) was declining in both compartments prior to planned silvicultural operations, and ground-based skidding caused a further reduction in the number of running buffalo clover locations and stems. Running buffalo clover began to increase in density two years after the logging. Running buffalo clover excluded from ground disturbance increased in the second growing season following tree removal, but had declined by the third season. Running buffalo clover subjected to ground disturbance continued to increase in density during the third growing season. Canopy gaps, leaf area index, associated plants, and abiotic factors were compared between 35 sites supporting running buffalo clover and an equal number of randomly chosen sites in a third research compartment that had not been disturbed by silvicultural operations for 15 years. Running buffalo clover sites had greater gap areas and lower leaf area indexes than average for the whole compartment. Several herbaceous species, including Panicum L. spp., Eupatorium rugosum Houttuyn, and Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Fern., were found more frequently at sites supporting running buffalo clover than would be predicted by chance. Preliminary results indicate that controlling the intensity of surface disturbance, combined with the reduction in canopy density associated with uneven-aged silviculture, will help sustain populations of running buffalo clover in managed forests. JF - Natural Areas Journal AU - Madarish, D AU - Schuler, T M AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, P.O. Box 404, Parsons, WV 26287 USA, tschuler@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 120 EP - 128 VL - 22 IS - 2 SN - 0885-8608, 0885-8608 KW - Running buffalo clover KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Silviculture KW - Forest management KW - Population changes KW - Endangered species KW - Trifolium stoloniferum KW - USA, West Virginia KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18313486?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Areas+Journal&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Forest+Management+Practices+on+the+Federally+Endangered+Running+Buffalo+Clover+%28Trifolium+stoloniferum+Muhl.+ex.+A.+Eaton%29&rft.au=Madarish%2C+D%3BSchuler%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Madarish&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=120&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Areas+Journal&rft.issn=08858608&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Trifolium stoloniferum; USA, West Virginia; Endangered species; Forest management; Population changes; Silviculture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Successional Dynamics and Restoration Implications of a Montane Coniferous Forest in the Central Appalachians, USA AN - 18313464; 5368783 AB - Central Appalachian montane red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) communities have been greatly reduced in extent and functional quality over the past century. This community decline has put several plant and animal species, such as the endangered Virginia northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus fuscus Shaw), at risk from habitat loss, and has resulted in the elimination of these forests as a commercially important type. Where feasible, red spruce restoration efforts may help mitigate these regional trends and provide valuable lessons for community restoration efforts elsewhere. In a pilot study designed to better understand second-growth spruce structure, we inventoried trees and downed coarse woody debris in an isolated montane red spruce forest in West Virginia, USA. We quantified stand characteristics and compared them to structural characteristics of old-growth forest communities of similar composition. At this relict forest, stand initiation occurred in the early 1920s following a period of watershed-wide timber harvesting. Live tree basal area greater than or equal to 10 cm dbh (44.5 m super(2) ha super(-1)), snag density greater than or equal to 10 cm dbh (256 ha super(-1)), and total fallen log volume (86.2 m super(3) ha super(-1)) were similar to old-growth attributes. However, snag basal area greater than or equal to 10 cm dbh (4.6 m super(2) ha super(-1)), height of dominant and co-dominant red spruce (24.7 m), and maximum red spruce dbh (48.0 cm) were significantly less than would be expected in old-growth forests of similar composition. Red spruce comprised > 40% of dominant crown class trees and often was a main canopy emergent. However, eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis [L.] Carr.) had the highest relative importance value (51.7%), with red spruce (18.0%) and red maple (Acer rubrum L.) (16.7%) representing lesser fractions. Stocking at 147% of threshold full stocking was correlated with slow growth rates for red spruce and eastern hemlock. Growth and yield simulations indicated current conditions would support a thinning in smaller size classes that could accelerate individual tree growth rates and decrease time required to attain additional old-growth structural characteristics. JF - Natural Areas Journal AU - Schuler, T M AU - Ford, WM AU - Collins, R J AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, Box 404, Parsons, WV 26287, USA, tschuler@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 88 EP - 98 VL - 22 IS - 2 SN - 0885-8608, 0885-8608 KW - Red spruce KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Picea rubens KW - Montane environments KW - Environmental restoration KW - Forests KW - Succession KW - USA, West Virginia KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18313464?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Areas+Journal&rft.atitle=Successional+Dynamics+and+Restoration+Implications+of+a+Montane+Coniferous+Forest+in+the+Central+Appalachians%2C+USA&rft.au=Schuler%2C+T+M%3BFord%2C+WM%3BCollins%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Schuler&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=88&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Areas+Journal&rft.issn=08858608&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Picea rubens; USA, West Virginia; Forests; Environmental restoration; Succession; Montane environments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Large wood and fluvial processes AN - 18312961; 5362513 AB - Large wood forms an important component of woodland river ecosystems. The relationship between large wood and the physical characteristics of river systems varies greatly with changes in the tree species of the marginal woodland, the climatic and hydrological regime, the fluvial geomorphological setting and the river and woodland management context.Research on large wood and fluvial processes over the last 25 years has focussed on three main themes: the effects of wood on flow hydraulics; on the transfer of mineral and organic sediment; and on the geomorphology of river channels.Analogies between wood and mineral sediment transfer processes (supply, mobility and river characteristics that affect retention) are found useful as a framework for synthesising current knowledge on large wood in rivers.An important property of wood is its size when scaled to the size of the river channel. 'Small' channels are defined as those whose width is less than the majority of wood pieces (e.g. width < median wood piece length). `Medium' channels have widths greater than the size of most wood pieces (e.g. width < upper quartile wood piece length), and `Large' channels are wider than the length of all of the wood pieces delivered to them.A conceptual framework defined here for evaluating the storage and dynamics of wood in rivers ranks the relative importance of hydrological characteristics (flow regime, sediment transport regime), wood characteristics (piece size, buoyancy, morphological complexity) and geomorphological characteristics (channel width, geomorphological style) in `Small', `Medium' and `Large' rivers.Wood pieces are large in comparison with river size in `small' rivers, therefore they tend to remain close to where they are delivered to the river and provide important structures in the stream, controlling rather than responding to the hydrological and sediment transfer characteristics of the river.For `Medium' rivers, the combination of wood length and form becomes critical to the stability of wood within the channel. Wood accumulations form as a result of smaller or more mobile wood pieces accumulating behind key pieces. Wood transport is governed mainly by the flow regime and the buoyancy of the wood. Even quite large wood pieces may require partial burial to give them stability, so enhancing the importance of the sediment transport regime.Wood dynamics in `Large' rivers vary with the geometry of the channel (slope and channel pattern), which controls the delivery, mobility and breakage of wood, and also the characteristics of the riparian zone, from where the greatest volume of wood is introduced. Wood retention depends on the channel pattern and the distribution of flow velocity. A large amount is stored at the channel margins. The greater the contact between the active channel and the forested floodplain and islands, the greater the quantity of wood that is stored. JF - Freshwater Biology AU - Gurnell, A M AU - Piegay, H AU - Swanson, F J AU - Gregory, S V AD - School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K., UMR 5600 `Environnement-Ville-Societe du CNRS, Lyon, France, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis, OR, U.S.A., Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, U.S.A., a.m.gurnell@bham.ac.uk Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 601 EP - 619 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 47 IS - 4 SN - 0046-5070, 0046-5070 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Rivers KW - Geomorphology KW - Water flow KW - Wood KW - D 04310:Freshwater UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18312961?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Freshwater+Biology&rft.atitle=Large+wood+and+fluvial+processes&rft.au=Gurnell%2C+A+M%3BPiegay%2C+H%3BSwanson%2C+F+J%3BGregory%2C+S+V&rft.aulast=Gurnell&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=601&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Freshwater+Biology&rft.issn=00465070&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2427.2002.00916.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wood; Rivers; Water flow; Geomorphology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00916.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification and Diel Activity Patterns of Predators Attacking Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Eggs in Soybean and Sweet Corn AN - 18310706; 5363435 AB - Predation on lepidopteran eggs in soybean and corn and the temporal partitioning of predation among the predator species were examined in soybean Glycine max (L.) and sweet corn Zea mays (L.). The complex of predators feeding on lepidopteran eggs [Helicoverpa zea (Boddie)] and the key predators discovered in this study were different in each crop. The dominant predator in each crop was consistent from year to year but the secondary predators varied in importance. Nabids were the dominant predator group in soybean contributing 51 and 50% of the observed predation events in 1993 and 1994, respectively. The coccinellid, Coleomegilla maculata (DeGeer), was the dominant predator in corn contributing 43.9 and 46.3% of the observed predation events in 1993 and 1994, respectively. Other predators causing greater than or equal to 10% of the observed predation events included Geocoris punctipes Say and the Phalangiidae in soybean, and the nabids, Orius insidiosus Say and Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) in sweet corn. All predators observed feeding exhibited taxa specific diel patterns of predation. C. maculata, O. insidiosus and G. punctipes were primarily day active, with 75, 85.7, and 100% of observed predation events occurring during daylight hours, respectively. Nabids were primarily nocturnal with 84.2% of predation events happening at night. Phalangiids, Clubiona abbotii Koch, Lygus lineolaris, and the elaterids were only observed preying upon H. zea eggs nocturnally. Because the dominant predators and their diel activity varied between crops, the period of peak egg predation did also. Egg predation was usually higher during the day in corn and at night in soybean. Crop, date, and time of day all affected intensity of predation on H. zea eggs. Predation in both crops increased through the beginning of August and then declined on the last sampling date. Predation was usually higher in corn than in soybean (three of four sample dates). However, when anthesis was occurring in corn plots, predation rates in soybean and corn were similar. Apparently the availability of sweet corn pollen as an alternative food source for C. maculata caused a reduction in egg predation. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Pfannenstiel, R S AU - Yeargan, K V AD - Subtropical Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, 2413 E. Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA, rpfannenstiel@weslaco.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 232 EP - 241 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Noctuid moths KW - soybean KW - maize KW - Corn earworm KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Predators KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - Crops KW - Eggs KW - Glycine max KW - Diel activity KW - Zea mays KW - Noctuidae KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05199:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18310706?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Identification+and+Diel+Activity+Patterns+of+Predators+Attacking+Helicoverpa+zea+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+Eggs+in+Soybean+and+Sweet+Corn&rft.au=Pfannenstiel%2C+R+S%3BYeargan%2C+K+V&rft.aulast=Pfannenstiel&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=232&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Noctuidae; Glycine max; Zea mays; Helicoverpa zea; Predators; Diel activity; Eggs; Crops ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of Cotton Microhabitat on Temperature and Survival of Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) within Cardboard Capsules AN - 18309850; 5364466 AB - Field studies were conducted in 1996 and 1997 to determine the most suitable release sites in cotton for inundatively released encapsulated Trichogramma exiguum Pinto & Platner. Atypical applications of a plant growth regulator, mepiquat chloride (Pix), were used to manipulate cotton plant size and canopy closure to produce a range of plant sizes that might be present in North Carolina when Trichogramma releases for suppression of third-generation (F sub(3)) heliothines were made. Pix treatments had a significant effect on canopy closure, which significantly influenced the number of hours soil surface temperatures between rows were greater than or equal to 35 degree C. The mean daily number of hours temperatures were greater than or equal to 35 degree C was greatest on the soil surface between rows, followed by in the canopy, then soil surface within rows. A significant correlation between the number of hours preimaginal Trichogramma were exposed to temperatures greater than or equal to 35 degree C and Trichogramma emergence was found in 1997. Consequently, suitability of the soil surface as a release site for Trichogramma capsules depended significantly on the level of canopy closure, location of capsules relative to the center of rows, and length of time capsules remained in the field before parasitoid emergence. Our results indicate that these factors should be considered when implementing augmentative releases of Trichogramma wasps in cotton. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Suh, CP-C AU - Orr, D B AU - Van Duyn, JW AU - Borchert, D M AD - USDA-ARS-APMRU, 2771 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA, suh@usda-apmru.tamu.edu Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 361 EP - 366 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Hymenoptera KW - Trichogrammatid wasps KW - Trichogrammatids KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Trichogrammatidae KW - Trichogramma KW - Control programs KW - Survival KW - Gossypium KW - Microenvironments KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18309850?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Influence+of+Cotton+Microhabitat+on+Temperature+and+Survival+of+Trichogramma+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Trichogrammatidae%29+within+Cardboard+Capsules&rft.au=Suh%2C+CP-C%3BOrr%2C+D+B%3BVan+Duyn%2C+JW%3BBorchert%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Suh&rft.aufirst=CP-C&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=361&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gossypium; Trichogramma; Trichogrammatidae; Control programs; Temperature effects; Survival; Microenvironments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors Affecting Egg Hatch, Development, and Survival of Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) Reared on an Artificial Feeding System AN - 18308457; 5363444 AB - Improvements in the way Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring is managed have led to reduced whitefly populations in the southwest United States. However, the potential of the silverleaf whitefly to develop new biotypes, as well as its apparently increasing role in virus transmission, makes it a persistent threat in many parts of the world. Characteristics such as biotype formation and vector competency are at least partially explained by the host range of B. argentifolii. Consequently, a better understanding of the factors that play a role in the host acceptance process and subsequent development of this pest could lead to novel control strategies. Here we used a newly developed artificial feeding system that consists of a polycarbonate chamber, equipped with a Teflon membrane, and filled with a sterilized artificial diet, to determine how biotic and abiotic factors influenced egg hatch, crawler establishment, and development of B. argentifolii. Egg age significantly influenced hatch rates, and to a lesser extent survival and development of nymphs reared on the artificial diet. Five- to six-day-old eggs had higher hatch rates, and nymphs survived longer and developed faster than nymphs from younger or older eggs. There were negative associations between the number of eggs placed on the membranes and both hatch rate and establishment of crawlers. Eggs oviposited on and then subsequently removed from plants held under long-day conditions (14:10 [L:D] h) or high light intensity (36,000 lux) had higher hatch rates than eggs oviposited under short-day conditions (10:14 [L:D] h) or low light intensity ( approximately 11,000 lux). Long-day conditions during oviposition also significantly enhanced survival of nymphs through day 20 and developmental rate for day 6 counts. Light intensity, at least for the range tested here, did not significantly affect development or survival of whitefly nymphs. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Blackmer, J L AU - Lee, L L AU - Henneberry, T J AD - Western Cotton Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 4135 E. Broadway Road, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA, jblackmer@wcrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 306 EP - 312 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Whiteflies KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Bemisia argentifolii KW - Aleyrodidae KW - Control programs KW - Artificial diets KW - Survival KW - Pest control KW - Development KW - Eggs KW - USA KW - Hatching KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18308457?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Factors+Affecting+Egg+Hatch%2C+Development%2C+and+Survival+of+Bemisia+argentifolii+%28Homoptera%3A+Aleyrodidae%29+Reared+on+an+Artificial+Feeding+System&rft.au=Blackmer%2C+J+L%3BLee%2C+L+L%3BHenneberry%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Blackmer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=306&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aleyrodidae; Bemisia argentifolii; USA; Eggs; Hatching; Development; Survival; Artificial diets; Pest control; Control programs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential Regulation of mnp2, a New Manganese Peroxidase-Encoding Gene from the Ligninolytic Fungus Trametes versicolor PRL 572 AN - 18303055; 5350041 AB - A peroxidase-encoding gene, mnp2, and its corresponding cDNA were characterized from the white-rot basidiomycete Trametes versicolor PRL 572. We used quantitative reverse transcriptase-mediated PCR to identify mnp2 transcripts in nutrient-limited stationary cultures. Although mnp2 lacks upstream metal response elements (MREs), addition of MnSO sub(4) to cultures increased mnp2 transcript levels 250-fold. In contrast, transcript levels of an MRE-containing gene of T. versicolor, mnp1, increased only eightfold under the same conditions. Thus, the manganese peroxidase genes in T. versicolor are differentially regulated, and upstream MREs are not necessarily involved. Our results support the hypothesis that fungal and plant peroxidases arose through an ancient duplication and folding of two structural domains, since we found the mnp1 and mnp2 polypeptides to have internal homology. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Johansson, T AU - Nyman, PO AU - Cullen, D AD - Institute of Microbial and Biochemical Technology, USDA Forest Service, Forest Product Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, WI 53705., dcullen@facstaff.wisc.edu Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 2077 EP - 2080 VL - 68 IS - 4 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - metal response elements KW - cDNA KW - mnp2 gene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Peroxidase KW - Gene regulation KW - Trametes versicolor KW - Manganese peroxidase KW - G 07330:Fungal genetics KW - K 03079:Fungi KW - W2 32060:Microorganisms KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18303055?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Differential+Regulation+of+mnp2%2C+a+New+Manganese+Peroxidase-Encoding+Gene+from+the+Ligninolytic+Fungus+Trametes+versicolor+PRL+572&rft.au=Johansson%2C+T%3BNyman%2C+PO%3BCullen%2C+D&rft.aulast=Johansson&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=2077&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.68.4.2077-2080.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Trametes versicolor; Gene regulation; Peroxidase; Manganese peroxidase DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.4.2077-2080.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of spatial models to predict vulnerability of forest birds to brood parasitism by cowbirds AN - 18293814; 5351807 AB - We constructed alternative spatial models at two scales to predict Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) parasitism rates from land cover maps. The local-scale models tested competing hypotheses about the relationship between cowbird parasitism and distance of host nests from a forest edge (forest-nonforest boundary). The landscape models tested competing hypotheses about how landscape features (e.g., forests, agricultural fields) interact to determine rates of cowbird parasitism. The models incorporate spatial neighborhoods with a radius of 2.5 km in their formulation, reflecting the scale of the majority of cowbird commuting activity. Field data on parasitism by cowbirds (parasitism rate and number of cowbird eggs per nest) were collected at 28 sites in the Driftless Area Ecoregion of Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Iowa and were compared to the predictions of the alternative models. At the local scale, there was a significant positive relationship between cowbird parasitism and mean distance of nest sites from the forest edge. At the landscape scale, the best fitting models were the forest-dependent and forest-fragmentation-dependent models, in which more heavily forested and less fragmented landscapes had higher parasitism rates. However, much of the explanatory power of these models results from the inclusion of the local-scale relationship in these models. We found lower rates of cowbird parasitism than did most Midwestern studies, and we identified landscape patterns of cowbird parasitism that are opposite to those reported in several other studies of Midwestern songbirds. We caution that cowbird parasitism patterns can be unpredictable, depending upon ecoregional location and the spatial extent, and that our models should be tested in other ecoregions before they are applied there. Our study confirms that cowbird biology has a strong spatial component, and that improved spatial models applied at multiple spatial scales will be required to predict the effects of landscape and forest management on cowbird parasitism of forest birds. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Gustafson, E J AU - Knutson, M G AU - Niemi, G J AU - Friberg, M AD - USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, Wisconsin 54501, USA Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 412 EP - 426 PB - Ecological Society of America VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - Brown-headed cowbird KW - Birds KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Aves KW - USA KW - Spatial distribution KW - Molothrus ater KW - Forests KW - brood parasitism KW - Habitat fragmentation KW - Edge effect KW - Models KW - D 04671:Birds KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18293814?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+spatial+models+to+predict+vulnerability+of+forest+birds+to+brood+parasitism+by+cowbirds&rft.au=Gustafson%2C+E+J%3BKnutson%2C+M+G%3BNiemi%2C+G+J%3BFriberg%2C+M&rft.aulast=Gustafson&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=412&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Molothrus ater; Aves; USA; brood parasitism; Models; Forests; Edge effect; Habitat fragmentation; Spatial distribution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Global Regulation by gidA in Pseudomonas syringae AN - 18290689; 5348731 AB - Analysis of two virulence mutants of Pseudomonas syringae B728a revealed that the Tn 5 sites of insertion were within the gidA open reading frame (ORF). These mutations were pleiotropic, affecting diverse phenotypic traits, such as lipodepsipeptide (syringomycin and syringopeptin) antibiotic production, swarming, presence of fluorescent pigment, and virulence. Site-specific recombination of a disrupted gidA gene into the chromosome resulted in the same phenotypic pattern as transposon insertion. Mutant phenotypes were restored by the gidA ORF on a plasmid. The salA gene, a copy number suppressor of the syringomycin-deficient phenotype in gacS and gacA mutants, was also found to suppress the antibiotic-negative phenotypes of gidA mutants, suggesting that gidA might play some role in salA regulation. Reporter studies with chromosomal salA-lacZ translational fusions confirmed that salA reporter expression decreased approximately fivefold in a gidA mutant background, with a concurrent decrease in the expression of the syringomycin biosynthetic reporter fusion syrB-lacZ. Wild-type levels of reporter expression were restored by supplying an intact gidA gene on a plasmid. Often described as being involved in cell division, more recent evidence suggests a role for gidA in moderating translational fidelity, suggesting a mechanism by which global regulation might occur. The gidA gene is essentially universal in the domains Bacteria and Eucarya but has no counterparts in Archaea, probably reflecting specific differences in the translational machinery between the former and latter domains. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Kinscherf, T G AU - Willis, D K AD - USDA/ARS Plant Disease Resistance Research Unit, Dept. of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, 1630 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706., dkwillis@facstaff.wisc.edu Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 2281 EP - 2286 VL - 184 IS - 8 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - gacS gene KW - gidA gene KW - salA gene KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Virulence KW - Eucarya KW - Archaea KW - Pseudomonas syringae KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18290689?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Global+Regulation+by+gidA+in+Pseudomonas+syringae&rft.au=Kinscherf%2C+T+G%3BWillis%2C+D+K&rft.aulast=Kinscherf&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=184&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJB.184.8.2281-2286.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudomonas syringae; Archaea; Eucarya; Virulence DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JB.184.8.2281-2286.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Policy implications of human-accelerated nitrogen cycling AN - 17658365; 5442859 AB - The human induced input of reactive N into the global biosphere has increased to approximately 150 Tg N each year and is expected to continue to increase for the foreseeable future. The need to feed ( similar to 125 Tg N) and to provide energy ( similar to 25 Tg N) for the growing world population drives this trend. This increase in reactive N comes at, in some instances, significant costs to society through increased emissions of NO sub(x), NH sub(3), N sub(2)O and NO sub(3) super(-) and deposition of NO sub(y) and NH sub(x). In the atmosphere, increases in tropospheric ozone and acid deposition (NO sub(y) and NH sub(x)) have led to acidification of aquatic and soil systems and to reductions in forest and crop system production. Changes in aquatic systems as a result of nitrate leaching have led to decreased drinking water quality, eutrophication, hypoxia and decreases in aquatic plant diversity, for example. On the other hand, increased deposition of biologically available N may have increased forest biomass production and may have contributed to increased storage of atmospheric CO sub(2) in plant and soils. Most importantly, synthetic production of fertilizer N has contributed greatly to the remarkable increase in food production that has taken place during the past 50 years.The development of policy to control unwanted reactive N release is difficult because much of the reactive N release is related to food and energy production and reactive N species can be transported great distances in the atmosphere and in aquatic systems. There are many possibilities for limiting reactive N emissions from fuel combustion, and in fact, great strides have been made during the past decades. Reducing the introduction of new reactive N and in curtailing the movement of this N in food production is even more difficult. The particular problem comes from the fact that most of the N that is introduced into the global food production system is not converted into usable product, but rather reenters the biosphere as a surplus. Global policy on N in agriculture is difficult because many countries need to increase food production to raise nutritional levels or to keep up with population growth, which may require increased use of N fertilizers. Although N cycling occurs at regional and global scales, policies are implemented and enforced at the national or provincial/state levels. Multinational efforts to control N loss to the environment are surely needed, but these efforts will require commitments from individual countries and the policy-makers within those countries. JF - Biogeochemistry AU - Mosier, A R AU - Bleken, MA AU - Chaiwanakupt, P AU - Ellis, E C AU - Freney, J R AU - Howarth, R B AU - Matson, P A AU - Minami, K AU - Naylor, R AU - Weeks, K N AU - Zhu, Z AD - USDA/ARS, Fort Collins, CO 80522, U.S.A., amosier@lamar.colostate.edu Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 477 EP - 516 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 57-58 IS - 4 SN - 0168-2563, 0168-2563 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Freshwater KW - Q5 01503:Characteristics, behavior and fate UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17658365?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biogeochemistry&rft.atitle=Policy+implications+of+human-accelerated+nitrogen+cycling&rft.au=Mosier%2C+A+R%3BBleken%2C+MA%3BChaiwanakupt%2C+P%3BEllis%2C+E+C%3BFreney%2C+J+R%3BHowarth%2C+R+B%3BMatson%2C+P+A%3BMinami%2C+K%3BNaylor%2C+R%3BWeeks%2C+K+N%3BZhu%2C+Z&rft.aulast=Mosier&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=57-58&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=477&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biogeochemistry&rft.issn=01682563&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrous Oxide and Ammonia Fluxes in a Soybean Field Irrigated with Swine Effluent AN - 16150242; 5410497 AB - In the United States, swine (Sus scrofa) operations produce more than 14 Tg of manure each year. About 30% of this manure is stored in anaerobic lagoons before application to land. While land application of manure supplies nutrients for crop production, it may lead to gaseous emissions of ammonia (NH sub(3)) and nitrous oxide (N sub(2)O). Our objectives were to quantify gaseous fluxes of NH sub(3) and N sub(2)O from effluent applications under field conditions. Three applications of swine effluent were applied to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. `Brim'] and gaseous fluxes were determined from gas concentration profiles and the flux-gradient gas transport technique. About 12% of ammonium (NH sub(4)-N) in the effluent was lost through drift or secondary volatilization of NH sub(3) during irrigation. An additional 23% was volatilized within 48 h of application. Under conditions of low windspeed and with the wind blowing from the lagoon to the field, atmospheric concentrations of NH sub(3) increased and the crop absorbed NH sub(3) at the rate of 1.2 kg NH sub(3) ha super(-1) d super(-1), which was 22 to 33% of the NH sub(3) emitted from the lagoon during these periods. Nitrous oxide emissions were low before effluent applications (0.016 g N sub(2)O-N ha super(-1) d super(-1)) and increased to 25 to 38 g N sub(2)O-N ha super(-1) d super(-1) after irrigation. Total N sub(2)O emissions during the measurement period were 4.1 kg N sub(2)O-N ha super(-1), which was about 1.5% of total N applied. The large losses of NH sub(3) and N sub(2)O illustrate the difficulty of basing effluent irrigation schedules on N concentrations and that NH sub(3) emissions can significantly contribute to N enrichment of the environment. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Sharpe, R R AU - Harper, LA AD - Southern Piedmont Conservation Research Center, USDA-ARS, 1420 Experiment Station Road, Watkinsville, GA 30677, USA, rsharpe@arches.uga.edu Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 524 EP - 532 VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Pig KW - soybean KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Animal wastes KW - Manure KW - Sus scrofa KW - Ammonia KW - Irrigation KW - Effluents KW - Glycine max KW - USA KW - Gases KW - Nitrous oxide KW - Emissions KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16150242?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Nitrous+Oxide+and+Ammonia+Fluxes+in+a+Soybean+Field+Irrigated+with+Swine+Effluent&rft.au=Sharpe%2C+R+R%3BHarper%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Sharpe&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=524&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Gases; Manure; Animal wastes; Nitrous oxide; Ammonia; Irrigation; Emissions; Effluents; Sus scrofa; Glycine max; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Properties of iron oxides in streams draining the Loess Uplands of Mississippi AN - 16139340; 5361377 AB - Iron oxide precipitates are abundant in small stream systems of NW Mississippi, USA especially during the wet winter months. The properties of these specific materials are unknown even though they have the potential to influence soil physical properties and adsorb chemical pollutants in sediment environments. Streamwater and associated precipitates were collected from 4 representative streams at Cedar Creek (CC), Lee's Creek (LC), Spring Creek (SC), and Toby Creek (TC) during winter flow periods. Precipitate specimens were characterized for mineralogy, color, and solubility in oxalate (o), dithionite (d), and HNO sub(3). Chemical composition of the water was dominated by Ca, Na, Mg, and K, in that order, at an average pH of 7.0. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) data indicated that the precipitates were primarily poorly ordered ferrihydrite (CC, TC) and lepidocrocite (LC, SC). The Fe sub(o)/Fe sub(d) ratios were 0.40 (CC), 0.68 (LC), 0.66 (SC), and 0.67 (TC). Organic C contents were 80.6, 38.0, 63.0, and 51.3 g kg super(-1) for the same samples. Precipitate color was uniform among sites, averaging 6.7 YR 4.8/6.2. After oxalate extraction, redness increased slightly in the CC and SC specimens, and decreased in the others. Extraction with dithionite depleted the red color in all specimens, but had less effect on the CC and SC samples which retained hues at 7.9 and 7.3 YR, respectively. Dithionite extractable P equaled 1.02 (CC), 0.72 (LC), 0.56 (SC), and 0.99 (TC) g kg super(-1). The results from this study indicated that: (1) the precipitates are either primarily poorly ordered ferrihydrite or lepidocrocite; (2) the solubility of ferrihydrite in both oxalate and dithionite is influenced by C contents; and (3) the redder, ferrihydrite specimens contain the greatest P concentrations. JF - Applied Geochemistry AU - Rhoton, F E AU - Bigham, J M AU - Lindbo, D L AD - USDA-ARS National Sedimentation Laboratory, PO Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655, USA, rhoton@sedlab.olemiss.edu Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 409 EP - 419 VL - 17 IS - 4 SN - 0883-2927, 0883-2927 KW - USA, Mississippi KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Iron oxides KW - Physicochemical Properties KW - Chemical Analysis KW - Mineralogy KW - Colour KW - Precipitation (Chemical) KW - Chemical Precipitation KW - Sampling KW - Chemical Composition KW - Data Collections KW - Chemical analysis (see also Individual techniques) KW - Rivers KW - Sediment chemistry KW - Solubility KW - Chemical composition KW - Iron Oxides KW - Geochemistry KW - Physicochemical properties KW - Iron oxides and hydroxides KW - Data collections KW - Color KW - Chemical precipitation KW - Chemical analysis KW - SW 0880:Chemical processes KW - Q2 09187:Geochemistry of sediments KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16139340?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Geochemistry&rft.atitle=Properties+of+iron+oxides+in+streams+draining+the+Loess+Uplands+of+Mississippi&rft.au=Rhoton%2C+F+E%3BBigham%2C+J+M%3BLindbo%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Rhoton&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=409&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Geochemistry&rft.issn=08832927&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Sediment chemistry; Chemical composition; Iron oxides; Chemical precipitation; Mineralogy; Sampling; Chemical analysis; Chemical analysis (see also Individual techniques); Colour; Solubility; Physicochemical properties; Precipitation (Chemical); Geochemistry; Iron oxides and hydroxides; Data collections; Physicochemical Properties; Iron Oxides; Chemical Analysis; Chemical Precipitation; Chemical Composition; Data Collections; Color ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Establishing aquatic restoration priorities using a watershed approach AN - 16137042; 5393514 AB - Since the passage of the Clean Water Act in 1972, the United States has made great strides to reduce the threats to its rivers, lakes, and wetlands from pollution. However, despite our obvious successes, nearly half of the nation's surface water resources remain incapable of supporting basic aquatic values or maintaining water quality adequate for recreational swimming. The Clean Water Act established a significant federal presence in water quality regulation by controlling point and non-point sources of pollution. Point-sources of pollution were the major emphasis of the Act, but Section 208 specifically addressed non-point sources of pollution and designated silviculture and livestock grazing as sources of non-point pollution. Non-point source pollutants include runoff from agriculture, municipalities, timber harvesting, mining, and livestock grazing. Non-point source pollution now accounts for more than half of the United States water quality impairments. To successfully improve water quality, restoration practitioners must start with an understanding of what ecosystem processes are operating in the watershed and how they have been affected by outside variables. A watershed-based analysis template developed in the Pacific Northwest can be a valuable aid in developing that level of understanding. The watershed analysis technique identifies four ecosystem scales useful to identify stream restoration priorities: region, basin, watershed, and site. The watershed analysis technique is based on a set of technically rigorous and defensible procedures designed to provide information on what processes are active at the watershed scale, how those processes are distributed in time and space. They help describe what the current upland and riparian conditions of the watershed are and how these conditions in turn influence aquatic habitat and other beneficial uses. The analysis is organized as a set of six steps that direct an interdisciplinary team of specialists to examine the biotic and abiotic processes influencing aquatic habitat and species abundance. This process helps develop an understanding of the watershed within the context of the larger ecosystem. The understanding gained can then be used to identify and prioritize aquatic restoration activities at the appropriate temporal and spatial scale. The watershed approach prevents relying solely on site-level information, a common problem with historic restoration efforts. When the watershed analysis process was used in the Whitefish Mountains of northwest Montana, natural resource professionals were able to determine the dominant habitat forming processes important for native fishes and use that information to prioritize, plan, and implement the appropriate restoration activities at the watershed scale. Despite considerable investments of time and resources needed to complete an analysis at the watershed scale, the results can prevent the misdiagnosis of aquatic problems and help ensure that the objectives of aquatic restoration will be met. Copyright 2002 Academic Press JF - Journal of Environmental Management AU - Bohn, B AU - Kershner, J AD - United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service, Bighorn National Forest, Sheridan, Wyoming, 82801, USA Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 355 EP - 363 PB - Academic Press VL - 64 IS - 4 SN - 0301-4797, 0301-4797 KW - USA, Montana KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Rivers KW - Rehabilitation KW - Water Pollution Sources KW - Water Quality KW - Watershed Management KW - Water quality standards KW - Watersheds KW - Water Pollution Control KW - USA KW - Aquatic Habitats KW - Aquatic Environment KW - Environmental restoration KW - Fish KW - Clean Water Act KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16137042?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Establishing+aquatic+restoration+priorities+using+a+watershed+approach&rft.au=Bohn%2C+B%3BKershner%2C+J&rft.aulast=Bohn&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=355&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Management&rft.issn=03014797&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fjema.2001.0496 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental restoration; Watersheds; Clean Water Act; Water quality standards; Rivers; Water Pollution Control; Rehabilitation; Aquatic Habitats; Water Pollution Sources; Aquatic Environment; Water Quality; Fish; Watershed Management; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jema.2001.0496 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological and economic implications of Sacramento watershed management options AN - 16134600; 5388059 AB - This paper brings together spatially and temporally explicit mechanistic models of hydrodynamic, water quality, and ecological processes with an economic model to examine water management alternatives for California's Sacramento River and Delta ecosystem, a large-scale watershed. Overallocated water supplies in most years, combined with increasing demand for water for environmental purposes, have created a politically charged atmosphere and a need for quantitative assessment of the implications of policy alternatives. By developing and analyzing a common set of policy scenarios, this integrated framework allows us to consider tradeoffs between agricultural economic factors, water quality, and population dynamics for two at-risk fish species. We analyze two rather extreme types of policy options; one involves structural modifications to change the flow of water within the watershed but no change in water diversions, while the other reallocates water from agricultural users to fish and wildlife. Results suggest that substantial environmental improvements could be made at a relatively modest cost to farmers (1 to 4 percent reductions in revenues) but that those costs could be significant locally. In addition to tradeoffs between farmers and environmental interests, results suggest that policy makers may need to balance competing environmental objectives. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Weinberg, M AU - Lawrence, CA AU - Anderson, J D AU - Randall, J R AU - Botsford, L W AU - Loeb, C J AU - Tadokoro, C S AU - Orlob, G T AU - Sabatier, P AD - Resource and Environmental Policy Branch, Economic Research Service, USDA, 1800 M St. NW, Rm. S4020, Washington, D.C. 20036-5831, USA, weinberg@ers.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 367 VL - 38 IS - 2 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - USA, California, Sacramento R. KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Environmental Effects KW - Irrigation water KW - Agriculture KW - Water Management KW - Pollution (Environmental) KW - Hydrodynamics KW - Watershed Management KW - Population dynamics KW - Watersheds KW - environmental policy KW - INE, USA, California, Sacramento Delta KW - Economics KW - Policy Making KW - Case study KW - Policies KW - USA, California, Sacramento KW - Case Studies KW - Water Quality KW - Economic Impact KW - River engineering KW - Environmental protection KW - Model Studies KW - Water supply KW - Water management KW - Nature conservation KW - Fish Populations KW - Environment management KW - Water quality (Natural waters) KW - Freshwater ecology KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - SW 4020:Evaluation process UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16134600?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Biological+and+economic+implications+of+Sacramento+watershed+management+options&rft.au=Weinberg%2C+M%3BLawrence%2C+CA%3BAnderson%2C+J+D%3BRandall%2C+J+R%3BBotsford%2C+L+W%3BLoeb%2C+C+J%3BTadokoro%2C+C+S%3BOrlob%2C+G+T%3BSabatier%2C+P&rft.aulast=Weinberg&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=367&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Irrigation water; Policies; Hydrodynamics; Watersheds; River engineering; Environmental protection; Water supply; Water management; Economics; Nature conservation; Environment management; Freshwater ecology; Population dynamics; environmental policy; Case study; Pollution (Environmental); Water quality (Natural waters); Environmental Effects; Policy Making; Water Management; Case Studies; Water Quality; Watershed Management; Fish Populations; Economic Impact; Model Studies; INE, USA, California, Sacramento Delta; USA, California, Sacramento ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Symptoms and implications of selenium toxicity in fish: the Belews Lake case example AN - 16133060; 5340046 AB - Belews Lake, North Carolina was contaminated by selenium in wastewater from a coal-fired power plant during the mid-1970s, and toxic impacts to the resident fish community (20 species) were studied for over two decades. Symptoms of chronic selenium poisoning in Belews Lake fish included, (1) telangiectasia (swelling) of gill lamellae; (2) elevated lymphocytes; (3) reduced hematocrit and hemoglobin (anemia); (4) corneal cataracts; (5) exopthalmus (popeye); (6) pathological alterations in liver, kidney, heart, and ovary (e.g. vacuolization of parenchymal hepatocytes, intracapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis, severe pericarditis and myocarditis, necrotic and ruptured mature egg follicles); (7) reproductive failure (reduced production of viable eggs due to ovarian pathology, and post-hatch mortality due to bioaccumulation of selenium in eggs); and (8) teratogenic deformities of the spine, head, mouth, and fins. Important principles of selenium cycling and toxicity were documented in the Belews Lake studies. Selenium poisoning in fish can be 'invisible', because, the primary point of impact is the egg, which receives selenium from the female's diet (whether consumed in organic or inorganic forms), and stores it until hatching, whereupon it is metabolized by the developing fish. If concentrations in eggs are great enough (about 10 mu g/g or greater) biochemical functions may be disrupted, and teratogenic deformity and death may occur. Adult fish can survive and appear healthy despite the fact that extensive reproductive failure is occurring--19 of the 20 species in Belews Lake were eliminated as a result of this insidious mode of toxicity. Bioaccumulation in aquatic food chains causes otherwise harmless concentrations of selenium to reach toxic levels, and the selenium in contaminated sediments can be cycled into food chains for decades. The lessons learned from Belews Lake provide information useful for protecting aquatic ecosystems as new selenium issues emerge. JF - Aquatic Toxicology AU - Lemly, AD AD - Coldwater Fisheries Research Unit, Southern Research Station, United States Forest Service, 1650 Ramble Road, 24060 Blacksburg, VA USA Y1 - 2002/04/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Apr 01 SP - 39 EP - 49 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 57 IS - 1-2 SN - 0166-445X, 0166-445X KW - USA, North Carolina, Belews L. KW - telangiectasia KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - USA, North Carolina KW - Aquatic organisms KW - Pathology KW - Fish eggs KW - Freshwater KW - Ecological Effects KW - Freshwater fish KW - Lakes KW - Freshwater pollution KW - Pericarditis KW - Poisoning KW - Sexual Reproduction KW - Anaemia KW - Water Pollution Effects KW - Fish Populations KW - Toxicity (see also Lethal limits) KW - Reproduction (Biological) KW - Aquatic animals KW - Symptoms KW - Pollution effects KW - Biological Magnification KW - Coal KW - Teratogenesis KW - Pisces KW - Fish Eggs KW - Ecology KW - Selenium KW - Industrial wastes KW - Industrial Wastes KW - Power plants KW - Myocarditis KW - Case study KW - Sediment pollution KW - Case Studies KW - Anemia KW - Toxicity KW - Water pollution KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Wastewater discharges KW - Teratogens KW - Pollution (Water) KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - X 24154:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16133060?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Symptoms+and+implications+of+selenium+toxicity+in+fish%3A+the+Belews+Lake+case+example&rft.au=Lemly%2C+AD&rft.aulast=Lemly&rft.aufirst=AD&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Toxicology&rft.issn=0166445X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sediment pollution; Symptoms; Selenium; Lakes; Anaemia; Pathology; Power plants; Pollution effects; Teratogens; Coal; Toxicity; Freshwater fish; Aquatic animals; Pericarditis; Anemia; Poisoning; Myocarditis; Teratogenesis; Water pollution; Aquatic organisms; Wastewater discharges; Freshwater pollution; Reproduction (Biological); Ecology; Case study; Bioaccumulation; Industrial wastes; Fish eggs; Toxicity (see also Lethal limits); Pollution (Water); Fish Eggs; Case Studies; Water Pollution Effects; Industrial Wastes; Biological Magnification; Fish Populations; Ecological Effects; Sexual Reproduction; Pisces; USA, North Carolina; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dioxins in food: a modern agricultural perspective. AN - 71537707; 11902908 AB - This review attempts to cover and summarize the literature available on polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in the environment with regard to problems of interest to agriculture. The coverage of the literature is extensive (120 references) but, by all means, not complete. Issues that are addressed in this review include a background summary of dioxins in the environment and their potential human health risks; current knowledge on the levels of dioxins in the U.S. food supply and comparisons to European data; descriptions of recent food contamination episodes; an evaluation of methods that may reduce incurred levels of dioxins in livestock and meats; and the status and limitations of dioxin analysis and rapid screening methods with regard to widespread monitoring programs. Research areas in agriculture where data and experimental results are scarce or nonexistent are also pointed out. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Huwe, Janice K AD - Biosciences Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 5674, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, USA. huwej@fargo.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/03/27/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 27 SP - 1739 EP - 1750 VL - 50 IS - 7 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Benzofurans KW - 0 KW - Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated KW - Dioxins KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - DFC2HB4I0K KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Europe KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- analysis KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis KW - Benzofurans -- analysis KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- analogs & derivatives KW - Agriculture KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- analysis KW - Dioxins -- analysis KW - Food Analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71537707?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Dioxins+in+food%3A+a+modern+agricultural+perspective.&rft.au=Huwe%2C+Janice+K&rft.aulast=Huwe&rft.aufirst=Janice&rft.date=2002-03-27&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1739&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay for the Mycotoxin Deoxynivalenol in Wheat AN - 18685475; 5584324 AB - The fungus Fusarium graminearum, a pathogen of both wheat and maize, produces a toxin, deoxynivalenol (DON), that causes disease in livestock. A rapid test for DON in wheat was developed using the principle of fluorescence polarization (FP) immunoassay. The assay was based on the competition between DON and a novel DON-fluorescein tracer (DON-FL2) for a DON-specific monoclonal antibody in solution. The method, which is a substantial improvement over our previous DON FP immunoassay, combined a rapid (3 min) extraction step with a rapid (2 min) detection step. A series of naturally contaminated wheat and maize samples were analyzed by both FP immunoassay and liquid chromatography (HPLC-UV). For wheat the HPLC-UV and FP methods agreed well (linear regression r super(2) = 0.936), but for maize the two methods did not (r super(2) = 0.849). We conclude that the FP method is useful for screening wheat, but not maize, for DON. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Maragos, C M AU - Plattner, R D AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA/ARS, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 2002/03/27/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 27 SP - 1827 EP - 1832 VL - 50 IS - 7 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Wheat KW - deoxynivalenol KW - maize KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 310:Agricultural Engineering KW - W2 32240:Immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18685475?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Counseling+Psychologist&rft.atitle=Vocational+Research+for+the+Liberation+of+Battered+Women.+Social+Justice+Forum&rft.au=Chronister%2C+Krista+M.%3BWettersten%2C+Kara+Brita%3BBrown%2C+Chris&rft.aulast=Chronister&rft.aufirst=Krista&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=900&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Counseling+Psychologist&rft.issn=00110000&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf011487d ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Abomasitis associated with multiple antibiotic resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium phagetype DT104 AN - 18377402; 5348251 AB - Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium phagetype DT104 is a multiple antibiotic resistant pathogen that has been purported to be more pathogenic than other Salmonella. In this study, we evaluated the possibility that DT104 is the causative agent of veal calf abomasitis observed in four independent outbreaks of salmonellosis. This study was undertaken to determine if the outbreaks might be due to hypervirulent S. enterica serotype Typhimurium phagetype DT104 (DT104) since Salmonella does not usually cause abomasitis. Tissues and fluids from these calves were subjected to bacteriologic culture. Pure Salmonella cultures were then used in bovine challenge experiments. DT104 was identified as the causative agent of abomasitis in calves. Thus, abomasitis is a potential indicator of infection with multiple antibiotic resistant DT104 and adds credence to the apparent hypervirulence of this pathogen. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Carlson, SA AU - Stoffregen, W C AU - Bolin AD - Preharvest Food Safety Enteric Disease Research, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA 50010, USA, scarlson@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/03/22/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 22 SP - 233 EP - 240 VL - 85 IS - 3 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - abomastitis KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18377402?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Abomasitis+associated+with+multiple+antibiotic+resistant+Salmonella+enterica+serotype+Typhimurium+phagetype+DT104&rft.au=Carlson%2C+SA%3BStoffregen%2C+W+C%3BBolin&rft.aulast=Carlson&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=2002-03-22&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation of shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli O157 from hide surfaces and the oral cavity of finished beef feedlot cattle. AN - 71555197; 11918269 AB - To determine whether viable shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) O157 could be isolated from hide surface locations and the oral cavity of finished beef feedlot cattle. Within-animal prevalence distribution survey. 139 finished cattle in 4 pens in a feedlot in Nebraska; prevalence of fecal STEC O157 shedding ranged from 20 to > 90%. Samples were collected from 7 sites from each animal: feces, oral cavity, and 5 hide surface locations (lumbar region, ventral aspect of the neck, ventral abdominal midline [ventrum], dorsal thoracic midline [back], and distal aspect of the left hind limb [hock]). Viable STEC O157 were isolated from the oral cavity or 1 or more hide surfaces of 130 cattle, including 50 fecal isolation-negative cattle. Site-specific prevalence of STEC O157 was 74.8% for oral cavity samples, 73.4% for back samples, 62.6% for neck samples, 60.4% for fecal samples, 54.0% for flank samples, 51.1% for ventrum samples, and 41.0% for hock samples. Only 5 cattle tested negative for STEC O157 at all 7 sites. Multiple correspondence and cluster analyses demonstrated that bacterial culture of feces, oral cavity samples, and back samples detected most cattle with STEC O157. Results suggest that viable STEC O157 may be isolated from the oral cavity, multiple hide surfaces, and feces of a high percentage of fed beef cattle and that bacterial culture of feces alone generally underestimates the percentage of fed beef cattle from which STEC O157 can be isolated. JF - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AU - Keen, James E AU - Elder, Robert O AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, US Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA. Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 SP - 756 EP - 763 VL - 220 IS - 6 SN - 0003-1488, 0003-1488 KW - Shiga Toxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Shiga Toxins -- biosynthesis KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Feces -- microbiology KW - Animals KW - Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field -- veterinary KW - Cattle KW - Shiga Toxins -- genetics KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- veterinary KW - Skin -- microbiology KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- classification KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- isolation & purification KW - Cattle Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Carrier State -- diagnosis KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- diagnosis KW - Mouth -- microbiology KW - Carrier State -- microbiology KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- genetics KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- microbiology KW - Carrier State -- veterinary KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- veterinary KW - Cattle Diseases -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71555197?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Isolation+of+shiga-toxigenic+Escherichia+coli+O157+from+hide+surfaces+and+the+oral+cavity+of+finished+beef+feedlot+cattle.&rft.au=Keen%2C+James+E%3BElder%2C+Robert+O&rft.aulast=Keen&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=220&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=756&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00031488&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-23 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Characterization of a unique reovirus isolated from poult enteritis mortality syndrome affected Turkeys AN - 39590607; 3667103 AU - Thompson, E AU - Kapczynski, D AU - Cherry, S S Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39590607?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+a+unique+reovirus+isolated+from+poult+enteritis+mortality+syndrome+affected+Turkeys&rft.au=Thompson%2C+E%3BKapczynski%2C+D%3BCherry%2C+S+S&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Southern Poultry Science Society, 117 Campfire Circle, Brandon, MS 39047-6321, USA; phone: 601/992-1917; URL: www.uga.edu/poultry/spss/. Paper No. 223 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Relationship of ALV-J virus to the detection of Campylobacter in the roosters AN - 39590436; 3667078 AU - Cox, NA AU - Wilson, J L AU - Musgrove, M T AU - Buhr, R J AU - Sander, JE AU - Hudson, B P Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39590436?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Relationship+of+ALV-J+virus+to+the+detection+of+Campylobacter+in+the+roosters&rft.au=Cox%2C+NA%3BWilson%2C+J+L%3BMusgrove%2C+M+T%3BBuhr%2C+R+J%3BSander%2C+JE%3BHudson%2C+B+P&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=NA&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Southern Poultry Science Society, 117 Campfire Circle, Brandon, MS 39047-6321, USA; phone: 601/992-1917; URL: www.uga.edu/poultry/spss/. Paper No. 188 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Bioconversions of agricultural residues to value-added coproducts using yeastlike fungi AN - 39577614; 3665695 AU - Leathers, T D Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39577614?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Bioconversions+of+agricultural+residues+to+value-added+coproducts+using+yeastlike+fungi&rft.au=Leathers%2C+T+D&rft.aulast=Leathers&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ISSY 22, P.O. Box 1413, 9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa; URL: www.uovs.ac.za/faculties/nat/issy22 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of broiler feed withdrawal and transportation on levels of campylobacter, salmonella and E. coli on carcasses before and after immersion chilling AN - 39572135; 3666956 AU - Northcutt, J K AU - Berrang, ME AU - Dickens, JA AU - Fletcher, D L AU - Cox, NA Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39572135?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+broiler+feed+withdrawal+and+transportation+on+levels+of+campylobacter%2C+salmonella+and+E.+coli+on+carcasses+before+and+after+immersion+chilling&rft.au=Northcutt%2C+J+K%3BBerrang%2C+ME%3BDickens%2C+JA%3BFletcher%2C+D+L%3BCox%2C+NA&rft.aulast=Northcutt&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Southern Poultry Science Society, 117 Campfire Circle, Brandon, MS 39047-6321, USA; phone: 601/992-1917; URL: www.uga.edu/poultry/spss/. Paper No. 87 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of an experimental chlorate compound on Salmonella recovery of Turkeys when administered prior to feed and water withdrawal AN - 39572001; 3666936 AU - Moore, R W AU - Byrd, JA AU - Knape, K D AU - Anderson, R C AU - Callaway, T R AU - Edrington, T S AU - Kubena, L F AU - Nisbet, D J Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39572001?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+an+experimental+chlorate+compound+on+Salmonella+recovery+of+Turkeys+when+administered+prior+to+feed+and+water+withdrawal&rft.au=Moore%2C+R+W%3BByrd%2C+JA%3BKnape%2C+K+D%3BAnderson%2C+R+C%3BCallaway%2C+T+R%3BEdrington%2C+T+S%3BKubena%2C+L+F%3BNisbet%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Southern Poultry Science Society, 117 Campfire Circle, Brandon, MS 39047-6321, USA; phone: 601/992-1917; URL: www.uga.edu/poultry/spss/. Paper No. 67 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Microsatellite marker development for sugar beet AN - 39571647; 3666863 AU - Panella, L Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39571647?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Microsatellite+marker+development+for+sugar+beet&rft.au=Panella%2C+L&rft.aulast=Panella&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Progress of the national center for cool and cold water aquaculture AN - 39521968; 3666533 AU - Rexroad, C Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39521968?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Progress+of+the+national+center+for+cool+and+cold+water+aquaculture&rft.au=Rexroad%2C+C&rft.aulast=Rexroad&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Molecular tools for a channel catfish applied breeding program AN - 39502460; 3666541 AU - Waldbieser, G Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39502460?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Molecular+tools+for+a+channel+catfish+applied+breeding+program&rft.au=Waldbieser%2C+G&rft.aulast=Waldbieser&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - QTLs for winterhardiness in lentil (Lens culinaris L.) AN - 39501044; 3666581 AU - Muehlbauer, F Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39501044?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=QTLs+for+winterhardiness+in+lentil+%28Lens+culinaris+L.%29&rft.au=Muehlbauer%2C+F&rft.aulast=Muehlbauer&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Oral ascorbic acid and beta-glucan affect cytokine expression differently after an LPS challenge AN - 39500772; 3660295 AU - Eicher, S D AU - McKee, CA AU - Carroll, JA AU - Johnson, T R Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39500772?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Oral+ascorbic+acid+and+beta-glucan+affect+cytokine+expression+differently+after+an+LPS+challenge&rft.au=Eicher%2C+S+D%3BMcKee%2C+CA%3BCarroll%2C+JA%3BJohnson%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Eicher&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Leukocyte Biology, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; phone: 301-571-5703; fax: 301-571-5704; email: slb@faseb.org; URL: www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~slb. Poster Paper No. 293 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of Mycoplasma gallisepticum S6 and R strains on the ciliary activity of chicken tracheal ring organ cultures AN - 39499531; 3666950 AU - Collier, S D AU - Bearson, S D AU - Branton, S L Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39499531?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Mycoplasma+gallisepticum+S6+and+R+strains+on+the+ciliary+activity+of+chicken+tracheal+ring+organ+cultures&rft.au=Collier%2C+S+D%3BBearson%2C+S+D%3BBranton%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Collier&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Southern Poultry Science Society, 117 Campfire Circle, Brandon, MS 39047-6321, USA; phone: 601/992-1917; URL: www.uga.edu/poultry/spss/. Paper No. 81 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Genomic expansion of the Mla plant-defense complex is driven by transposon insertion and heterochromatic replication AN - 39498983; 3666839 AU - Wise, R Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39498983?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Genomic+expansion+of+the+Mla+plant-defense+complex+is+driven+by+transposon+insertion+and+heterochromatic+replication&rft.au=Wise%2C+R&rft.aulast=Wise&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Activation of chicken immune cells by unmethylated CPG dinucleotide motif of bacterial DNA AN - 39495836; 3660088 AU - He, H AU - Farnell, M B AU - Crippen, T L AU - Kogut, M H Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39495836?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Activation+of+chicken+immune+cells+by+unmethylated+CPG+dinucleotide+motif+of+bacterial+DNA&rft.au=He%2C+H%3BFarnell%2C+M+B%3BCrippen%2C+T+L%3BKogut%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=He&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Leukocyte Biology, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; phone: 301-571-5703; fax: 301-571-5704; email: slb@faseb.org; URL: www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~slb. Poster Paper No. 85 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Progress in identifying QTLs for resistance to aphanomyces root rot in pea AN - 39490460; 3666580 AU - Coyne, C Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39490460?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Progress+in+identifying+QTLs+for+resistance+to+aphanomyces+root+rot+in+pea&rft.au=Coyne%2C+C&rft.aulast=Coyne&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Molecular characterization of Listeria monocytogens isolated from a poultry further processing facility and from fully cooked product AN - 39489013; 3666958 AU - Berrang, ME AU - Meinersmann, R J AU - Northcutt, J K AU - Smith, D P Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39489013?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Molecular+characterization+of+Listeria+monocytogens+isolated+from+a+poultry+further+processing+facility+and+from+fully+cooked+product&rft.au=Berrang%2C+ME%3BMeinersmann%2C+R+J%3BNorthcutt%2C+J+K%3BSmith%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=Berrang&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Southern Poultry Science Society, 117 Campfire Circle, Brandon, MS 39047-6321, USA; phone: 601/992-1917; URL: www.uga.edu/poultry/spss/. Paper No. 89 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Land degradation as a result of water erosion in the central valley of Mexico City (S2-003) AN - 39488064; 3658774 AU - Norton, D L AU - Ventura, E Jr AU - Figueroa, B AU - Oropeza, J L Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39488064?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Land+degradation+as+a+result+of+water+erosion+in+the+central+valley+of+Mexico+City+%28S2-003%29&rft.au=Norton%2C+D+L%3BVentura%2C+E+Jr%3BFigueroa%2C+B%3BOropeza%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Norton&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 3rd International Conference on Land Degradation, Rua Jardim Botanico, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, 22460-000, Brazil; phone: 55-21-2274-4999; fax: 55 21 2294-8039 / 2274-5291; email: icld3@cnps.embrapa.br N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - U.S. crop legume genome initiative AN - 39487832; 3666639 AU - St John, J Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39487832?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=U.S.+crop+legume+genome+initiative&rft.au=St+John%2C+J&rft.aulast=St+John&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Integration and use of gene ontology terms in the animal livestock genomics database at MARC AN - 39487670; 3666589 AU - Harhay, G Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39487670?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Integration+and+use+of+gene+ontology+terms+in+the+animal+livestock+genomics+database+at+MARC&rft.au=Harhay%2C+G&rft.aulast=Harhay&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Genetic diversity in Pineapple assessed by AFLP markers AN - 39484682; 3666767 AU - Ming, R Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39484682?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Genetic+diversity+in+Pineapple+assessed+by+AFLP+markers&rft.au=Ming%2C+R&rft.aulast=Ming&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Genomic sequence analysis of avian paramyxoviruses and their phylogenetic relationships with other members of the family paramyxoviridae AN - 39484509; 3666714 AU - Seal, B Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39484509?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Genomic+sequence+analysis+of+avian+paramyxoviruses+and+their+phylogenetic+relationships+with+other+members+of+the+family+paramyxoviridae&rft.au=Seal%2C+B&rft.aulast=Seal&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Update of cottonDB AN - 39484182; 3666656 AU - Yu, J Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39484182?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Update+of+cottonDB&rft.au=Yu%2C+J&rft.aulast=Yu&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Chromosome substitution lines and its use in cotton improvement AN - 39484120; 3666655 AU - Saha, S Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39484120?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Chromosome+substitution+lines+and+its+use+in+cotton+improvement&rft.au=Saha%2C+S&rft.aulast=Saha&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Genetic mapping of Al tolerance genes in triticeace AN - 39484010; 3666646 AU - Gustafson, J P Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39484010?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Genetic+mapping+of+Al+tolerance+genes+in+triticeace&rft.au=Gustafson%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Gustafson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of experimental chlorate compound (ECP) and competitive exclusion product (CE) Salmonella contamination of broilers AN - 39482236; 3666935 AU - Byrd, JA AU - Moore, R W AU - Knape, K D AU - Anderson, R C AU - Kubena, L F AU - Nisbet, D J Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39482236?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+experimental+chlorate+compound+%28ECP%29+and+competitive+exclusion+product+%28CE%29+Salmonella+contamination+of+broilers&rft.au=Byrd%2C+JA%3BMoore%2C+R+W%3BKnape%2C+K+D%3BAnderson%2C+R+C%3BKubena%2C+L+F%3BNisbet%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Byrd&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Southern Poultry Science Society, 117 Campfire Circle, Brandon, MS 39047-6321, USA; phone: 601/992-1917; URL: www.uga.edu/poultry/spss/. Paper No. 66 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of age, diet, and feed withdrawal on color of raw broiler breast fillets AN - 39479612; 3667096 AU - Smith, D P AU - Lyon, CE AU - Lyon, B G AU - Windham, W R AU - Lawrence, K C AU - Park, B Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39479612?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+age%2C+diet%2C+and+feed+withdrawal+on+color+of+raw+broiler+breast+fillets&rft.au=Smith%2C+D+P%3BLyon%2C+CE%3BLyon%2C+B+G%3BWindham%2C+W+R%3BLawrence%2C+K+C%3BPark%2C+B&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Southern Poultry Science Society, 117 Campfire Circle, Brandon, MS 39047-6321, USA; phone: 601/992-1917; URL: www.uga.edu/poultry/spss/. Paper No. 206 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Land degradation: An assessment of the human impact on global land resources AN - 39474764; 3658765 AU - Eswaran, H AU - Reich, P AU - Beinroth, F Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39474764?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Land+degradation%3A+An+assessment+of+the+human+impact+on+global+land+resources&rft.au=Eswaran%2C+H%3BReich%2C+P%3BBeinroth%2C+F&rft.aulast=Eswaran&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 3rd International Conference on Land Degradation, Rua Jardim Botanico, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, 22460-000, Brazil; phone: 55-21-2274-4999; fax: 55 21 2294-8039 / 2274-5291; email: icld3@cnps.embrapa.br N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Recovery of Campylobacter spp. by enrichment of fecal samples AN - 39474431; 3667079 AU - Musgrove, M T AU - Cox, NA AU - Wilson, J L AU - Buhr, R J Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39474431?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Recovery+of+Campylobacter+spp.+by+enrichment+of+fecal+samples&rft.au=Musgrove%2C+M+T%3BCox%2C+NA%3BWilson%2C+J+L%3BBuhr%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Musgrove&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Southern Poultry Science Society, 117 Campfire Circle, Brandon, MS 39047-6321, USA; phone: 601/992-1917; URL: www.uga.edu/poultry/spss/. Paper No. 189 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Carcass salmonella and campylobacter contamination resulting from crop content spillage during evisceration can be removed by carcass washing AN - 39473859; 3667048 AU - Buhr, R J AU - Hinton, A Jr AU - Ingram, K D Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39473859?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Carcass+salmonella+and+campylobacter+contamination+resulting+from+crop+content+spillage+during+evisceration+can+be+removed+by+carcass+washing&rft.au=Buhr%2C+R+J%3BHinton%2C+A+Jr%3BIngram%2C+K+D&rft.aulast=Buhr&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Southern Poultry Science Society, 117 Campfire Circle, Brandon, MS 39047-6321, USA; phone: 601/992-1917; URL: www.uga.edu/poultry/spss/. Paper No. 169 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Using dbest to study duplication and divergence in the soybean transcriptome AN - 39472735; 3666752 AU - Granger, C Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39472735?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Using+dbest+to+study+duplication+and+divergence+in+the+soybean+transcriptome&rft.au=Granger%2C+C&rft.aulast=Granger&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Cloning and expression of a sucrose transport gene in sugarcane AN - 39472222; 3666593 AU - Lingle, S Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39472222?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Cloning+and+expression+of+a+sucrose+transport+gene+in+sugarcane&rft.au=Lingle%2C+S&rft.aulast=Lingle&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Differential nitric oxide production by immune cells of chickens AN - 39472138; 3660118 AU - Crippen, T L AU - Ripley, L H AU - Farnell, M B AU - Lowry, V K AU - Sheffield, CL AU - Kogut, M H Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39472138?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Differential+nitric+oxide+production+by+immune+cells+of+chickens&rft.au=Crippen%2C+T+L%3BRipley%2C+L+H%3BFarnell%2C+M+B%3BLowry%2C+V+K%3BSheffield%2C+CL%3BKogut%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Crippen&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Leukocyte Biology, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; phone: 301-571-5703; fax: 301-571-5704; email: slb@faseb.org; URL: www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~slb. Poster Paper No. 115 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Distribution of inducible nitric oxide synthase haplotypes in U.S. beef cattle AN - 39471942; 3660212 AU - Chitko-McKown, C G AU - Laegreid, W W AU - Heaton, M P Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39471942?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Distribution+of+inducible+nitric+oxide+synthase+haplotypes+in+U.S.+beef+cattle&rft.au=Chitko-McKown%2C+C+G%3BLaegreid%2C+W+W%3BHeaton%2C+M+P&rft.aulast=Chitko-McKown&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Leukocyte Biology, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; phone: 301-571-5703; fax: 301-571-5704; email: slb@faseb.org; URL: www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~slb. Poster Paper No. 206 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Species marker segregation in a wide cross lolium mapping population AN - 39467877; 3666773 AU - Warnke, SE Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39467877?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Species+marker+segregation+in+a+wide+cross+lolium+mapping+population&rft.au=Warnke%2C+SE&rft.aulast=Warnke&rft.aufirst=SE&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Microsatellite fingerprints of Louisiana sugarcane varieties and breeding lines AN - 39466620; 3666591 AU - Pan, Y-B Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39466620?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Child+Abuse+%26+Neglect&rft.atitle=Childhood+abuse+recollections+in+a+nonclinical+population%3A+Forgetting+and+secrecy&rft.au=Fish%2C+Vincent%3BScott%2C+Cynthia+G.&rft.aulast=Fish&rft.aufirst=Vincent&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=791&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Child+Abuse+%26+Neglect&rft.issn=01452134&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0145-2134%2899%2900049-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Recovery of bacteria from breast skin of feathered and scaleless "featherless" carcasses following scalding and picking AN - 39465487; 3667049 AU - Buhr, R J AU - Berrang, ME AU - Cason, JA Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39465487?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Recovery+of+bacteria+from+breast+skin+of+feathered+and+scaleless+%22featherless%22+carcasses+following+scalding+and+picking&rft.au=Buhr%2C+R+J%3BBerrang%2C+ME%3BCason%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Buhr&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Southern Poultry Science Society, 117 Campfire Circle, Brandon, MS 39047-6321, USA; phone: 601/992-1917; URL: www.uga.edu/poultry/spss/. Paper No. 170 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Disease resistance genes AN - 39465317; 3666858 AU - Weiland, J Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39465317?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Disease+resistance+genes&rft.au=Weiland%2C+J&rft.aulast=Weiland&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - USDA/NSF microbial genome competitive grant program AN - 39461011; 3661465 AU - Johnson, P Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39461011?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=USDA%2FNSF+microbial+genome+competitive+grant+program&rft.au=Johnson%2C+P&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6066, USA N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Reconciliation? Not yet. A look at land degradation AN - 39451697; 3658764 AU - Arnold, R W Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39451697?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Reconciliation%3F+Not+yet.+A+look+at+land+degradation&rft.au=Arnold%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 3rd International Conference on Land Degradation, Rua Jardim Botanico, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, 22460-000, Brazil; phone: 55-21-2274-4999; fax: 55 21 2294-8039 / 2274-5291; email: icld3@cnps.embrapa.br N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of dietary menhaden oil on characteristics of eggs from broiler breeder hens AN - 39451122; 3667045 AU - Lyon, B G AU - Wilson, J L AU - Jones AU - Savage, E M Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39451122?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effects+of+dietary+menhaden+oil+on+characteristics+of+eggs+from+broiler+breeder+hens&rft.au=Lyon%2C+B+G%3BWilson%2C+J+L%3BJones%3BSavage%2C+E+M&rft.aulast=Lyon&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Southern Poultry Science Society, 117 Campfire Circle, Brandon, MS 39047-6321, USA; phone: 601/992-1917; URL: www.uga.edu/poultry/spss/. Paper No. 166 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Variations in levels of acid phosphatase in chicken whole leg meat AN - 39449537; 3667041 AU - Jones AU - Fletcher, D L AU - Lyon, CE Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39449537?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Variations+in+levels+of+acid+phosphatase+in+chicken+whole+leg+meat&rft.au=Jones%3BFletcher%2C+D+L%3BLyon%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Southern Poultry Science Society, 117 Campfire Circle, Brandon, MS 39047-6321, USA; phone: 601/992-1917; URL: www.uga.edu/poultry/spss/. Paper No. 162 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Microarray analysis of gene expression in soybean resistant or susceptible to soybean cyst nematode AN - 39444836; 3666828 AU - Matthews, B F Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39444836?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Microarray+analysis+of+gene+expression+in+soybean+resistant+or+susceptible+to+soybean+cyst+nematode&rft.au=Matthews%2C+B+F&rft.aulast=Matthews&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Initiative for future agricultural and food systems (IFAFS) AN - 39444235; 3666682 AU - Rockey, S AU - Bailey, M AU - Osborn, T AU - Murray, J Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39444235?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Initiative+for+future+agricultural+and+food+systems+%28IFAFS%29&rft.au=Rockey%2C+S%3BBailey%2C+M%3BOsborn%2C+T%3BMurray%2C+J&rft.aulast=Rockey&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - SNP detection and mapping in soybean and related glycine species AN - 39444053; 3666632 AU - Cregan, P Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39444053?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.genre=dissertations+%26+theses&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Epstein%2C+Michelle+A.&rft.aulast=Epstein&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Memories+of+childhood+trauma%3A+Who+reports+forgetting+and+why%3F&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Presence of naturally occurring Campylobacter in the Semen of mid life (35-45 weeks old) and late life (49-65 weeks old) commercial broiler breeder roosters AN - 39443786; 3667076 AU - Cox, NA AU - Wilson, J L AU - Musgrove, M T AU - Buhr, R J AU - Hudson, B P Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39443786?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Presence+of+naturally+occurring+Campylobacter+in+the+Semen+of+mid+life+%2835-45+weeks+old%29+and+late+life+%2849-65+weeks+old%29+commercial+broiler+breeder+roosters&rft.au=Cox%2C+NA%3BWilson%2C+J+L%3BMusgrove%2C+M+T%3BBuhr%2C+R+J%3BHudson%2C+B+P&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=NA&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Southern Poultry Science Society, 117 Campfire Circle, Brandon, MS 39047-6321, USA; phone: 601/992-1917; URL: www.uga.edu/poultry/spss/. Paper No. 186 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Nutrient substrates used by bacteria from the poultry processing environment AN - 39443708; 3667042 AU - Boothe, D H AU - Arnold, J W Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39443708?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Nutrient+substrates+used+by+bacteria+from+the+poultry+processing+environment&rft.au=Boothe%2C+D+H%3BArnold%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Boothe&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Southern Poultry Science Society, 117 Campfire Circle, Brandon, MS 39047-6321, USA; phone: 601/992-1917; URL: www.uga.edu/poultry/spss/. Paper No. 163 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of molting regimens on Salmonella enteritidis colonization and invasion in laying hens AN - 39443577; 3667027 AU - Moore, R W AU - Woodward, CL AU - Kubena, L F AU - Byrd, JA AU - Knape, K D AU - Kwon, Y M AU - Nisbet, D J AU - Ricke, S C Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39443577?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effects+of+molting+regimens+on+Salmonella+enteritidis+colonization+and+invasion+in+laying+hens&rft.au=Moore%2C+R+W%3BWoodward%2C+CL%3BKubena%2C+L+F%3BByrd%2C+JA%3BKnape%2C+K+D%3BKwon%2C+Y+M%3BNisbet%2C+D+J%3BRicke%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Southern Poultry Science Society, 117 Campfire Circle, Brandon, MS 39047-6321, USA; phone: 601/992-1917; URL: www.uga.edu/poultry/spss/. Paper No. 148 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evaluation of the possible immunological function of the chicken crop (Ingluvies) AN - 39437605; 3666967 AU - Vaughn, LE AU - Holt, P S AU - Crowdis, K S AU - Seo, K-H AU - Gast, R K Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39437605?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+possible+immunological+function+of+the+chicken+crop+%28Ingluvies%29&rft.au=Vaughn%2C+LE%3BHolt%2C+P+S%3BCrowdis%2C+K+S%3BSeo%2C+K-H%3BGast%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Vaughn&rft.aufirst=LE&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Southern Poultry Science Society, 117 Campfire Circle, Brandon, MS 39047-6321, USA; phone: 601/992-1917; URL: www.uga.edu/poultry/spss/. Paper No. 217 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Genetic map construction for leymus wildryes AN - 39437383; 3666769 AU - Larson, S Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39437383?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Genetic+map+construction+for+leymus+wildryes&rft.au=Larson%2C+S&rft.aulast=Larson&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Differential bactericidal functions stimulated by the activation of toll-like receptors in chicken heterophils AN - 39431002; 3660213 AU - Swaggerty, CL AU - Farnell, M B AU - Kogut, M H Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39431002?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Differential+bactericidal+functions+stimulated+by+the+activation+of+toll-like+receptors+in+chicken+heterophils&rft.au=Swaggerty%2C+CL%3BFarnell%2C+M+B%3BKogut%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Swaggerty&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Leukocyte Biology, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; phone: 301-571-5703; fax: 301-571-5704; email: slb@faseb.org; URL: www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~slb. Poster Paper No. 208 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Hatchability of eggs sanitized with increasing concentrations of BioSentry 904 or Bio-Phene AN - 39429582; 3666985 AU - Bourassa, D V AU - Buhr, R J AU - Wilson, J L Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39429582?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Hatchability+of+eggs+sanitized+with+increasing+concentrations+of+BioSentry+904+or+Bio-Phene&rft.au=Bourassa%2C+D+V%3BBuhr%2C+R+J%3BWilson%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Bourassa&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Southern Poultry Science Society, 117 Campfire Circle, Brandon, MS 39047-6321, USA; phone: 601/992-1917; URL: www.uga.edu/poultry/spss/. Paper No. 106 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of vaccine applicator pressurization on Mycoplasma gallisepticum AN - 39428782; 3666949 AU - Branton, S L AU - Collier, S D AU - Simmons, J D AU - Lott, B D AU - Miles, D M Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39428782?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.genre=dissertations+%26+theses&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Holker%2C+Erin+Greenspon&rft.aulast=Holker&rft.aufirst=Erin&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Repeated+victimization+of+women+substance+abusers%3A+Neuropsychological+variables&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Southern Poultry Science Society, 117 Campfire Circle, Brandon, MS 39047-6321, USA; phone: 601/992-1917; URL: www.uga.edu/poultry/spss/. Paper No. 80 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Use of a live attenuated Salmonella vaccine to protect hens against Salmonella enteritidis infection during molt AN - 39428760; 3666948 AU - Holt, P S AU - Kelly Aehle, S AU - Gast, R K Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39428760?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Use+of+a+live+attenuated+Salmonella+vaccine+to+protect+hens+against+Salmonella+enteritidis+infection+during+molt&rft.au=Holt%2C+P+S%3BKelly+Aehle%2C+S%3BGast%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Holt&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Southern Poultry Science Society, 117 Campfire Circle, Brandon, MS 39047-6321, USA; phone: 601/992-1917; URL: www.uga.edu/poultry/spss/. Paper No. 79 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Genetic manipulation of alfalfa and Medicago truncatula for organic acid secretion and metal tolerance AN - 39401298; 3666553 AU - Samac, D Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39401298?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Genetic+manipulation+of+alfalfa+and+Medicago+truncatula+for+organic+acid+secretion+and+metal+tolerance&rft.au=Samac%2C+D&rft.aulast=Samac&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Isolation of Campylobacter from the vas deferens of 65 week old commercial broiler breeder roosters AN - 39399874; 3667077 AU - Cox, NA AU - Wilson, J L AU - Musgrove, M T AU - Buhr, R J AU - Hudson, B P Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39399874?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Isolation+of+Campylobacter+from+the+vas+deferens+of+65+week+old+commercial+broiler+breeder+roosters&rft.au=Cox%2C+NA%3BWilson%2C+J+L%3BMusgrove%2C+M+T%3BBuhr%2C+R+J%3BHudson%2C+B+P&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=NA&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Southern Poultry Science Society, 117 Campfire Circle, Brandon, MS 39047-6321, USA; phone: 601/992-1917; URL: www.uga.edu/poultry/spss/. Paper No. 187 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of exchangeable Mg on saturated hydraulic conductivity, disaggregation and clay dispersion of disturbed soils AN - 18305142; 5356497 AB - Different opinions exist regarding the specific effect of Mg on soil physical and chemical properties. We hypothesized that Mg super(2+), compared with Ca super(2+), reduces saturated hydraulic conductivity (K sub(s)) via promoting clay swelling, disaggregation, and clay dispersion. Two soils (mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalfs) in packed soil columns were leached with either Ca- or Mg-containing solutions at the successive concentrations of 250, 10, 2, 0.5, and 0 mM. Critical flocculation concentration (CFC) in either Ca or Mg systems was determined with flocculation series tests. Aggregate stability and mean weight diameter (MWD) were assessed by wet-sieving. The CFCs were higher in Mg than in Ca for both soils, indicating that Mg is more dispersive than Ca. The MWDs measured using 1-2 mm aggregates of both soils were significantly larger for Ca-soils than for Mg-soils (P = 0.05). The K sub(sr) (normalized with initial K sub(s)) started to decline at higher concentrations for Mg than for Ca, and the reduction was much greater in Mg than in Ca above 0.5 mM. The K sub(sr) and percent transmittance (inversely related to turbidity) of leachate at a given eluted pore volume following 'steady state' were higher in Ca than in Mg for both soils (P = 0.1), indicating lower permeability and more clay dispersion with the Mg treatment. Swelling and disaggregation, which reduced large pores, appeared to be the dominant process causing the rapid initial decline of K sub(sr). Clay dispersion and subsequent pore plugging became progressively important when electrolyte concentration was reduced to below CFCs. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Zhang, X C AU - Norton, L D AD - USDA-ARS Grazinglands Research Laboratory, 7207 West Cheyenne Street, El Reno, OK 73036, USA, jzhang@grl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 SP - 194 EP - 205 VL - 260 IS - 1-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Soil Water Movement KW - Soil Chemistry KW - Leachate KW - Electrolytes KW - Soil/water systems KW - Permeability Coefficient KW - Clays KW - Clay Minerals KW - Infiltration KW - Magnesium KW - Leachates KW - Permeation KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18305142?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Effect+of+exchangeable+Mg+on+saturated+hydraulic+conductivity%2C+disaggregation+and+clay+dispersion+of+disturbed+soils&rft.au=Zhang%2C+X+C%3BNorton%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=260&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=194&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Electrolytes; Leachate; Soil/water systems; Infiltration; Magnesium; Permeation; Clays; Soil Water Movement; Soil Chemistry; Clay Minerals; Permeability Coefficient; Leachates ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oleoresin characteristics of progeny of loblolly pines that escaped attack by the southern pine beetle AN - 18300054; 5339929 AB - Oleoresin characteristics of first-generation (F sub(1)) progeny of loblolly pines (Pinus taeda L.) that escaped mortality from the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), despite heavy mortality of neighbors, were evaluated and compared to trees from a general (i.e., trees produced from bulk seed sources) population over the course of two and a half years in southcentral Mississippi (USA). Trees were 21-25 years old and growing in a common-garden type planting when sampled. The relative concentrations of five monoterpenes, five resin acids, and one phenylpropanoid were determined from oleoresin collected on five dates over 18 months. Multivariate analysis of variance showed that the concentration of 11 oleoresin chemical components did not differ between trees from escape and general populations (P>0.619) , providing evidence against the importance of this potential resistance factor. Univariate analyses on three individual resin constituents that were deemed important prior to the study-- alpha -pinene, 4-allylanisole, and limonene--showed that only 4-allylanisole (P<0.0339) varied significantly between populations; however, its concentration was higher in trees from the general population ( x ¯ =1.4 vs. 0.9% of oleoresin weight), which does not support the hypothesis that higher concentrations of 4-allylanisole in oleoresin facilitated escape from D. frontalis attack. Oleoresin flow, on the other hand, was significantly higher in escape trees-averaging 1.65 times higher than general population trees over the course of 28 months (eight sampling times). This strongly supports the hypothesis that oleoresin flow can impact the host selection process of D. frontalis, and suggests that increased flow can improve survival under heavy pressure from D. frontalis. These results also may provide an indirect estimate of the magnitude of increase in flow necessary for producing a 'real world' impact on the outcome of the interaction between D. frontalis and a preferred host. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Strom, B L AU - Goyer, R A AU - Ingram, L L AU - Boyd, GDL AU - Lott, L H AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 2500 Shreveport Highway, 71360 Pineville, LA USA Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 SP - 169 EP - 178 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 158 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Loblolly pine KW - Southern pine beetle KW - Beetles KW - Bark beetles KW - Ambrosia beetles KW - oleoresins KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pest attack KW - Forest management KW - Scolytidae KW - Coleoptera KW - Pinus taeda KW - Ecophysiology KW - USA, Mississippi KW - Dendroctonus frontalis KW - D 04700:Management KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18300054?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Oleoresin+characteristics+of+progeny+of+loblolly+pines+that+escaped+attack+by+the+southern+pine+beetle&rft.au=Strom%2C+B+L%3BGoyer%2C+R+A%3BIngram%2C+L+L%3BBoyd%2C+GDL%3BLott%2C+L+H&rft.aulast=Strom&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=158&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=169&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus taeda; Dendroctonus frontalis; Coleoptera; Scolytidae; USA, Mississippi; Pest attack; Ecophysiology; Forest management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Eutypa dieback in grapevines: differential production of acetylenic phenol metabolites by strains of Eutypa lata. AN - 71535039; 11879009 AB - The production of acetylenic phenol metabolites in vitro by three strains of the ascomycete Eutypa lata, the causative agent of dying-arm disease in grapevines, has been investigated. Metabolite composition and yields differed significantly between strains and with growth medium but usually reached a maximum after 24-30 days of fungal growth. A general method for the analysis and identification of metabolites by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of their trimethylsilyl ether derivatives was developed and individual compounds were quantitated by analytical high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and separated by preparative HPLC. The phenolic aldehyde, eutypine (1), reported to be the grape phytotoxin, occurred in only one of the strains examined whereas the primary metabolite was the corresponding alcohol, eutypinol (2), the presumptive detoxification product. A novel metabolite was isolated as a major constituent, together with a minor component, and their structures were established by spectroscopic methods as a methoxyquinol, named eulatinol (4), and a chromene analog (9) of 2, respectively. The evidence suggests that 1 is not solely responsible for phytotoxicity in grapevines but that dying-arm disease may result from a suite of compounds elaborated by the fungus, with the composition dependent on fungal strain and nutritional source. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Molyneux, Russell J AU - Mahoney, Noreen AU - Bayman, Paul AU - Wong, Rosalind Y AU - Meyer, Kenneth AU - Irelan, Nancy AD - Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California 94710, USA. molyneux@pw.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/03/13/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 13 SP - 1393 EP - 1399 VL - 50 IS - 6 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Alkynes KW - 0 KW - Benzaldehydes KW - Mycotoxins KW - Phenols KW - eutypine KW - 121007-17-8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Benzaldehydes -- metabolism KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Benzaldehydes -- analysis KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Phenols -- metabolism KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- methods KW - Plant Diseases -- microbiology KW - Mycotoxins -- metabolism KW - Ascomycota -- metabolism KW - Vitis -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71535039?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Eutypa+dieback+in+grapevines%3A+differential+production+of+acetylenic+phenol+metabolites+by+strains+of+Eutypa+lata.&rft.au=Molyneux%2C+Russell+J%3BMahoney%2C+Noreen%3BBayman%2C+Paul%3BWong%2C+Rosalind+Y%3BMeyer%2C+Kenneth%3BIrelan%2C+Nancy&rft.aulast=Molyneux&rft.aufirst=Russell&rft.date=2002-03-13&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1393&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-04-23 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modulation of hormone-sensitive lipase and protein kinase A-mediated lipolysis by perilipin A in an adenoviral reconstituted system. AN - 71500137; 11751901 AB - Perilipin (Peri) A is a phosphoprotein located at the surface of intracellular lipid droplets in adipocytes. Activation of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) results in the phosphorylation of Peri A and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), the predominant lipase in adipocytes, with concurrent stimulation of adipocyte lipolysis. To investigate the relative contributions of Peri A and HSL in basal and PKA-mediated lipolysis, we utilized NIH 3T3 fibroblasts lacking Peri A and HSL but stably overexpressing acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (ACS1) and fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1). When incubated with exogenous fatty acids, ACS1/FATP1 cells accumulated 5 times more triacylglycerol (TG) as compared with NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. Adenoviral-mediated expression of Peri A in ACS1/FATP1 cells enhanced TG accumulation and inhibited lipolysis, whereas expression of HSL fused to green fluorescent protein (GFPHSL) reduced TG accumulation and enhanced lipolysis. Forskolin treatment induced Peri A hyperphosphorylation and abrogated the inhibitory effect of Peri A on lipolysis. Expression of a mutated Peri A Delta 3 (Ser to Ala substitutions at PKA consensus sites Ser-81, Ser-222, and Ser-276) reduced Peri A hyperphosphorylation and blocked constitutive and forskolin-stimulated lipolysis. Thus, perilipin expression and phosphorylation state are critical regulators of lipid storage and hydrolysis in ACS1/FATP1 cells. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Souza, Sandra C AU - Muliro, Kizito V AU - Liscum, Laura AU - Lien, Ping AU - Yamamoto, Mia T AU - Schaffer, Jean E AU - Dallal, Gerard E AU - Wang, Xinzhong AU - Kraemer, Fredric B AU - Obin, Martin AU - Greenberg, Andrew S AD - Jean Meyer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA. Y1 - 2002/03/08/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 08 SP - 8267 EP - 8272 VL - 277 IS - 10 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - ACS1 protein, Haemophilus influenzae KW - 0 KW - Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins KW - Carrier Proteins KW - Perilipin-1 KW - Phosphoproteins KW - Triglycerides KW - Colforsin KW - 1F7A44V6OU KW - Serine KW - 452VLY9402 KW - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases KW - EC 2.7.11.11 KW - Sterol Esterase KW - EC 3.1.1.13 KW - Alanine KW - OF5P57N2ZX KW - Index Medicus KW - 3T3 Cells KW - Animals KW - Plasmids -- metabolism KW - Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins -- metabolism KW - Alanine -- chemistry KW - Mice KW - Protein Binding KW - Hydrolysis KW - Serine -- chemistry KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Microscopy, Fluorescence KW - Blotting, Western KW - Colforsin -- pharmacology KW - Phosphorylation KW - Triglycerides -- metabolism KW - Cell Line KW - Lipid Metabolism KW - Protein Conformation KW - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases -- metabolism KW - Sterol Esterase -- metabolism KW - Phosphoproteins -- metabolism KW - Adenoviridae -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71500137?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=Modulation+of+hormone-sensitive+lipase+and+protein+kinase+A-mediated+lipolysis+by+perilipin+A+in+an+adenoviral+reconstituted+system.&rft.au=Souza%2C+Sandra+C%3BMuliro%2C+Kizito+V%3BLiscum%2C+Laura%3BLien%2C+Ping%3BYamamoto%2C+Mia+T%3BSchaffer%2C+Jean+E%3BDallal%2C+Gerard+E%3BWang%2C+Xinzhong%3BKraemer%2C+Fredric+B%3BObin%2C+Martin%3BGreenberg%2C+Andrew+S&rft.aulast=Souza&rft.aufirst=Sandra&rft.date=2002-03-08&rft.volume=277&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=8267&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-04-15 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vitamin C function and status in chronic disease. AN - 71942299; 12134712 AB - Vitamin C is an essential dietary nutrient required as a co-factor for many enzymes, and humans are among the few animals that lack the ability to synthesize the compound from glucose. The reduced form of the vitamin, ascorbic acid, is an especially effective antioxidant owing to its high electron-donating power and ready conversion back to the active reduced form. Concentrations of the vitamin in body tissues and fluids are regulated through interactions of intestinal absorption, cellular transport, and excretion. The amount of vitamin C needed to prevent scurvy is very small and easily obtained in nearly all Western diets. There is great interest in the clinical roles of vitamin C because of evidence that oxidative damage is a root cause of, or at least associated with, many diseases. Population studies show that individuals with high intakes of vitamin C have lower risk of a number of chronic diseases, including heart disease, cancer, eye diseases, and neurodegenerative conditions. However, these results may simply reflect a more healthful diet or lifestyle for individuals with a high vitamin C intake. At present, data from controlled clinical trials have not established that higher intakes of vitamin C alone will help prevent chronic degenerative diseases. However, the evidence that ascorbic acid acts as an important antioxidant in many body tissues is convincing. The new higher Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for vitamin C of 75 mg for women and 90 mg for men is, for the first time, based on the vitamin's role as an antioxidant as well as protection from deficiency. In healthy people, amounts greater than the RDA do not appear to be helpful. Vitamin C nutriture may be more important for people with certain diseases or conditions. High intakes of the vitamin are generally well tolerated; a Tolerable Upper Level was recently set at 2 g based on gastrointestinal upset that sometimes accompanies excessive intakes. JF - Nutrition in clinical care : an official publication of Tufts University AU - Jacob, Robert A AU - Sotoudeh, Gity AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, UC Davis, Department of Pomology, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-8683, USA. rjacob@whnrc.usda.gov PY - 2002 SP - 66 EP - 74 VL - 5 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6781, 1096-6781 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Free Radical Scavengers KW - Ascorbic Acid KW - PQ6CK8PD0R KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Nutritional Status KW - Nutritional Requirements KW - Humans KW - Oxidative Stress KW - Nutrition Policy KW - Chronic Disease KW - Maximum Tolerated Dose KW - Immune System -- physiology KW - Ascorbic Acid Deficiency -- prevention & control KW - Antioxidants -- adverse effects KW - Ascorbic Acid -- administration & dosage KW - Ascorbic Acid Deficiency -- complications KW - Ascorbic Acid -- physiology KW - Antioxidants -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71942299?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+in+clinical+care+%3A+an+official+publication+of+Tufts+University&rft.atitle=Vitamin+C+function+and+status+in+chronic+disease.&rft.au=Jacob%2C+Robert+A%3BSotoudeh%2C+Gity&rft.aulast=Jacob&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=66&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrition+in+clinical+care+%3A+an+official+publication+of+Tufts+University&rft.issn=10966781&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-26 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Nutr Clin Care. 2002 Mar-Apr;5(2):47-9 [12134709] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of carotenoids in human health. AN - 71942250; 12134711 AB - Dietary carotenoids are thought to provide health benefits in decreasing the risk of disease, particularly certain cancers and eye disease. The carotenoids that have been most studied in this regard are beta-carotene, lycopene, lutein, and zeaxanthin. In part, the beneficial effects of carotenoids are thought to be due to their role as antioxidants. beta-Carotene may have added benefits due its ability to be converted to vitamin A. Furthermore, lutein and zeaxanthin may be protective in eye disease because they absorb damaging blue light that enters the eye. Food sources of these compounds include a variety of fruits and vegetables, although the primary sources of lycopene are tomato and tomato products. Additionally, egg yolk is a highly bioavailable source of lutein and zeaxanthin. These carotenoids are available in supplement form. However, intervention trials with large doses of beta-carotene found an adverse effect on the incidence of lung cancer in smokers and workers exposed to asbestos. Until the efficacy and safety of taking supplements containing these nutrients can be determined, current dietary recommendations of diets high in fruits and vegetables are advised. JF - Nutrition in clinical care : an official publication of Tufts University AU - Johnson, Elizabeth J AD - Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA. ejohnson@hnrc.tufts.edu PY - 2002 SP - 56 EP - 65 VL - 5 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6781, 1096-6781 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Carotenoids KW - 36-88-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Safety KW - Treatment Outcome KW - Antioxidants -- adverse effects KW - Vegetables -- chemistry KW - Eye Diseases -- etiology KW - Neoplasms -- prevention & control KW - Carotenoids -- administration & dosage KW - Eye Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Carotenoids -- adverse effects KW - Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Fruit -- chemistry KW - Antioxidants -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71942250?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.genre=dissertations+%26+theses&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Zdenkova%2C+Petra&rft.aulast=Zdenkova&rft.aufirst=Petra&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=978-1339145792&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Early+recollections+of+trauma+survivors%3A+Comparison+of+survivors+of+childhood+and+adulthood+abuse+and+corresponding+personality+themes&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-26 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Nutr Clin Care. 2002 Mar-Apr;5(2):47-9 [12134709] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An update: vitamin E supplementation and heart disease. AN - 71921365; 12134710 AB - In vitro studies and experiments in animal models provide a large and compelling body of evidence that oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and/or related oxidative mechanisms play a critical role in the initiation and progression of atherogenesis. A corollary to the theory that reactive oxygen and nitrogen species ("free radicals") are the key molecules in this process is that antioxidants that can protect LDL from peroxidation should decrease the risk of developing atherosclerosis, attenuate its progression, or even reverse established disease. However, recently, clinical trials employing the principal lipid-soluble dietary antioxidant, vitamin E, have provided mixed results indicating either benefit, no effect, or an adverse impact on patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Consideration of the design and outcome of these studies together with new reports about the action of antioxidants suggests approaches for new studies as well as a basis for current advice to patients. JF - Nutrition in clinical care : an official publication of Tufts University AU - Blumberg, Jeffrey B AD - Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University Boston, Massachusetts, USA. blumberg@hnrc.tufts.edu PY - 2002 SP - 50 EP - 55 VL - 5 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6781, 1096-6781 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Lipoproteins, LDL KW - Vitamin E KW - 1406-18-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Clinical Trials as Topic KW - Lipoproteins, LDL -- metabolism KW - Dietary Supplements KW - Lipid Peroxidation KW - Heart Diseases -- drug therapy KW - Antioxidants -- adverse effects KW - Vitamin E -- adverse effects KW - Heart Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Vitamin E -- administration & dosage KW - Antioxidants -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71921365?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+in+clinical+care+%3A+an+official+publication+of+Tufts+University&rft.atitle=An+update%3A+vitamin+E+supplementation+and+heart+disease.&rft.au=Blumberg%2C+Jeffrey+B&rft.aulast=Blumberg&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=50&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrition+in+clinical+care+%3A+an+official+publication+of+Tufts+University&rft.issn=10966781&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-26 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Nutr Clin Care. 2002 Mar-Apr;5(2):47-9 [12134709] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bayesian analysis and inference from QSAR predictive model results. AN - 71835400; 12074380 AB - QSAR models have been under development for decades but acceptance and utilization of model results have been slow, in part, because there is no widely accepted metric for assessing their reliability. We reapply a method commonly used in quantitative epidemiology and medical decision-making for evaluating the results of screening tests to assess reliability of a QSAR model. It quantifies the accuracy (expressed as sensitivity and specificity) of QSAR models as conditional probabilities of correct and incorrect classification of chemical characteristic, given a true characteristic. Using Bayes formula, these conditional probabilities are combined with prior information to generate a posterior distribution to determine the probability a specific chemical has a particular characteristic, given a model prediction. As an example, we apply this approach to evaluate the predictive reliability of a CATABOL model and base on it a "ready" and "not ready" biodegradability classification. Finally, we show how predictive capability of the model can be improved by sequential use of two models, the first one with high sensitivity and the second with high specificity. JF - SAR and QSAR in environmental research AU - McDowell, R M AU - Jaworska, J S AD - Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, US Department of Agriculture, Riverdale, MD 20737, USA. robert.m.mcdowell@usda.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - 111 EP - 125 VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 1062-936X, 1062-936X KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Public Health KW - Humans KW - Bayes Theorem KW - Forecasting KW - Decision Making KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Environmental Pollutants -- pharmacology KW - Models, Chemical KW - Environmental Pollutants -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71835400?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SAR+and+QSAR+in+environmental+research&rft.atitle=Bayesian+analysis+and+inference+from+QSAR+predictive+model+results.&rft.au=McDowell%2C+R+M%3BJaworska%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=McDowell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SAR+and+QSAR+in+environmental+research&rft.issn=1062936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-16 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biosecurity for arthropod-borne diseases. AN - 71820613; 12064172 AB - Arthropod-borne diseases (ABD) of cattle include those pathogens transmitted mechanically and biologically from one bovine to another or from other species to cattle. This article provides examples of the more common ABD of North America and reviews strategies to prevent entry of ABD onto cattle operations and control transmission of ABD once established on cattle operations using an integrated approach. JF - The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice AU - McCluskey, Brian J AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, 555 South Howes Street, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA. Brian.J.Mccluskey@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - 99 EP - 114, vi-vii VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0749-0720, 0749-0720 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Animal Husbandry -- standards KW - Risk Factors KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Communicable Disease Control KW - Disease Reservoirs KW - Risk Assessment KW - Communicable Diseases -- veterinary KW - Arthropod Vectors -- parasitology KW - Arthropod Vectors -- microbiology KW - Cattle Diseases -- parasitology KW - Cattle Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Cattle Diseases -- microbiology KW - Communicable Diseases -- transmission KW - Arthropod Vectors -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71820613?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.atitle=Biosecurity+for+arthropod-borne+diseases.&rft.au=McCluskey%2C+Brian+J&rft.aulast=McCluskey&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=99&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.issn=07490720&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-03 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Culture of Mexican Migration: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis AN - 60081567; 200211041 AB - Many field investigators have observed the evolution of a "culture of migration" in certain Mexican communities characterized by a high rate of outmigration to the US. In such communities, international migration becomes so deeply rooted that the prospect of transnational movement becomes normative: young people "expect" to live & work in the US at some point in their lives. Males, especially, come to see migration as a normal part of the life course, representing a marker of the transition to manhood, in addition to being a widely accepted vehicle for economic mobility. International migration is cultural in the sense that the aspiration to migrate is transmitted across generations & between people through social networks. In this article, we develop a formal theory of the culture of migration & test it using a special data set collected by the first author as well as data from the Mexican Migration Project. We show that children from families involved in US migration are more likely to aspire to live & work in the US & that these aspirations, in turn, influence their behavior, lowering the odds that they will continue in school, & raising the odds of their eventual outmigration to the US. 7 Tables, 1 Appendix, 25 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Social Forces AU - Kandel, William AU - Massey, Douglas S AD - Economic Research Service, US Dept Agriculture, Washington, DC wkandel@ers.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - 981 EP - 1004 VL - 80 IS - 3 SN - 0037-7732, 0037-7732 KW - Migration Patterns KW - Emigration KW - Mexico KW - Latin American Cultural Groups KW - United States of America KW - Social Influence KW - Cultural Transmission KW - article KW - 0410: group interactions; social group identity & intergroup relations (groups based on race & ethnicity, age, & sexual orientation) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60081567?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Forces&rft.atitle=The+Culture+of+Mexican+Migration%3A+A+Theoretical+and+Empirical+Analysis&rft.au=Kandel%2C+William%3BMassey%2C+Douglas+S&rft.aulast=Kandel&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=981&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Social+Forces&rft.issn=00377732&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-10-30 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - SOFOAP N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Latin American Cultural Groups; Emigration; Migration Patterns; Cultural Transmission; Social Influence; United States of America; Mexico ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating nonpoint source pollution: An application of a sequential entropy filter AN - 19815341; 5398599 AB - This paper develops a sequential entropy filter for disaggregating nonpoint sources from ambient data. A numerical simulation based on sediment loading is provided to illustrate the ability of the sequential entropy filter to recover the underlying parameters and optimally disaggregate ambient sediment load among nonpoint sources. In the process we show the equivalence of this sequential entropy filter with Bayes' theorem and, given this equivalence, argue that the sequential entropy filter is more applicable than traditional Bayesian estimators are when the parameter distributions are unknown or when the sample is undersized, which is typically the case when dealing with natural resource data. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Kaplan, J D AU - Howitt, R E AD - Resource Economics Division, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington D. C., USA Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 VL - 38 IS - 3 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Theoretical Analysis KW - Sediment pollution KW - Water Pollution Sources KW - Loading KW - Pollution (Nonpoint sources) KW - Nonpoint Pollution Sources KW - Pollution Load KW - Simulation KW - Nonpoint pollution KW - Filters KW - Mathematical Studies KW - Natural resources KW - Sediment Load KW - Load Distribution KW - Data Interpretation KW - Pollution (Water) KW - Sediment/water system KW - Entropy KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19815341?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Estimating+nonpoint+source+pollution%3A+An+application+of+a+sequential+entropy+filter&rft.au=Kaplan%2C+J+D%3BHowitt%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Kaplan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000WR000088 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Filters; Sediment pollution; Natural resources; Simulation; Nonpoint pollution; Loading; Pollution (Nonpoint sources); Pollution (Water); Entropy; Sediment/water system; Theoretical Analysis; Mathematical Studies; Water Pollution Sources; Load Distribution; Sediment Load; Nonpoint Pollution Sources; Pollution Load; Data Interpretation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000WR000088 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil redox, pH, temperature, and water-table patterns of a freshwater tidal wetland AN - 18564117; 5385088 AB - Knowledge of wetland hydrology, soil redox potential, pH, and temperature dynamics are key components required to understand the capacity of tidal wetlands to function, in particular to attenuate agrichemicals. In a freshwater tidal wetland along the James River in Virginia, USA, redox potential, pH, water-table level, and soil temperature were monitored continuously at two depths (20 and 50 cm) at three sites during a 12-month period from September 1, 1997 to August 31, 1998. Redox potentials were at or below -150 mV (methanogenic or sulfate reducing conditions) at the 50-cm depth during the entire monitoring period. At the 20-cm depth, redox potentials remained highly reducing 95% of the time. The soil is continuously wet throughout the year, with the water-table level above the 20-cm soil depth for 95% of the time. Water-table level or hydrology was the primary factor controlling fluctuations in the redox state. Soil pH values were generally between 6 and 8, and they dropped 1 pH unit upon an oxidation event, which was reversible. Soil temperature at the 50-cm depth never dropped below 5 degree C, indicating a year-round biological activity season. This wetland supports a large diversity of plant species. Permanently reduced sub-surfaces, year-round biological activity, and large organic matter accumulations are characteristic features of this freshwater tidal wetland. JF - Wetlands AU - Seybold, CA AU - Mersie, W AU - Huang, J AU - McNamee, C AD - USDA-NRCS, Oregon State University, ALS Bldg., Rm. 3017, Corvallis, Oregon, USA 97331 Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 149 EP - 158 VL - 22 IS - 1 SN - 0277-5212, 0277-5212 KW - Freshwater tidal marsh KW - USA, Virginia, James R. KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Freshwater KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - Q2 02171:Dynamics of lakes and rivers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18564117?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wetlands&rft.atitle=Soil+redox%2C+pH%2C+temperature%2C+and+water-table+patterns+of+a+freshwater+tidal+wetland&rft.au=Seybold%2C+CA%3BMersie%2C+W%3BHuang%2C+J%3BMcNamee%2C+C&rft.aulast=Seybold&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wetlands&rft.issn=02775212&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bactericidal Effect of Sodium Chlorate on Escherichia coli Concentrations in Bovine Ruminal and Fecal Contents In Vivo AN - 18391060; 5384395 AB - Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli causes a potentially fatal disease in humans. Since human infections often occur following consumption of contaminated meat, strategies are sought to rid these pathogens from food-producing animals. E. coli, like most members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, possess respiratory nitrate reductase, an enzyme that coincidentally reduces chlorate to toxic chlorite. Consequently, a study was performed to assess the effect of intraruminal chlorate administration on E. coli in the gut of fed and fasted cattle, the latter having been reported to harbor increased concentrations of enteric pathogens. As hypothesized, E. coli concentrations were lower (p < 0.05) 10 and 24 h post chlorate administration, respectively, in rumen contents and feces of chlorate-treated cows than in untreated cows. Fasting had little effect on gut E. coli concentrations and did not effect the bactericidal effect of chlorate against E. coli. Chlorate treatment had little or no effect on fermentation efficiency, as evidenced by pH, volatile fatty acid production and concentration of total culturable anaerobes, and had no observable adverse effects on any of the cows. These results suggest that chlorate may be useful in the pre-harvest control of E. coli. JF - Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease AU - Anderson, R C AU - Callaway, T R AU - Anderson, T J AU - Kubena, L F AU - Keith, N K AU - Nisbet, D J AD - USDA/ARS, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, Texas 77845, USA, anderson@ffsru.tamu.edu Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 24 EP - 29 VL - 14 IS - 1 SN - 0891-060X, 0891-060X KW - cattle KW - sodium chlorate KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02861:Microflora UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18391060?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+Ecology+in+Health+and+Disease&rft.atitle=Bactericidal+Effect+of+Sodium+Chlorate+on+Escherichia+coli+Concentrations+in+Bovine+Ruminal+and+Fecal+Contents+In+Vivo&rft.au=Anderson%2C+R+C%3BCallaway%2C+T+R%3BAnderson%2C+T+J%3BKubena%2C+L+F%3BKeith%2C+N+K%3BNisbet%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=24&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbial+Ecology+in+Health+and+Disease&rft.issn=0891060X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The synthesis of short- and medium-chain-length poly(hydroxyalkanoate) mixtures from glucose- or alkanoic acid-grown Pseudomonas oleovorans AN - 18379887; 5351312 AB - Pseudomonas oleovorans NRRL B-778 accumulated mixtures of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and medium-chain-length poly(hydroxyalkanoates) (mcl-PHAs) when grown on glucose, octanoic acid or oleic acid, whereas growth on nonanoic acid or undecanoic acid resulted in copolymers of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate (PHB-co-HV). Acetone fractionation verified the presence of PHB/mcl-PHA mixtures. The acetone-insoluble (AIS) fractions of the polymers derived from glucose (PHA-glucose), octanoic acid (PHA-octanoic) and oleic acid (PHA-oleic) were exclusively PHB while the acetone-soluble (AS) fractions contained mcl-PHA composed of differing ratios of 3-hydroxy-acid monomer units, which ranged in chain length from 6 to 14 carbon atoms. In contrast, both the AIS and AS fractions from the polymers derived from nonanoic acid (PHA-nonanoic) and undecanoic acid (PHA-undecanoic) were composed of comparable ratios of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV). The unfractionated PHA-glucose, PHA-octanoic and PHA-oleic polymers had melting temperatures (T sub(m)) between 177 and 179 degree C, enthalpies of fusion ( Delta H sub(f)) of 20 cal/g and glass transition temperatures (T sub(g)) of 3-4 degree C. This was due to the large PHB content in the polymer mixtures. On the other hand, the PHA-nonanoic and PHA-undecanoic polymers had thermal properties that supported their copolymer nature. In both cases, the T sub(m) values were 161 degree C, Delta H sub(f) values were 7 cal/g and T sub(g) values were -3 degree C. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Ashby, R D AU - Solaiman, DKY AU - Foglia, T A AD - ERRC, ARS, USDA, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 147 EP - 153 VL - 28 IS - 3 SN - 1367-5435, 1367-5435 KW - polyhydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvaleric acid KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - J 02703:Culture KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32360:Organic acids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18379887?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=The+synthesis+of+short-+and+medium-chain-length+poly%28hydroxyalkanoate%29+mixtures+from+glucose-+or+alkanoic+acid-grown+Pseudomonas+oleovorans&rft.au=Ashby%2C+R+D%3BSolaiman%2C+DKY%3BFoglia%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Ashby&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fsj%2Fjim%2F7000231 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj/jim/7000231 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Delayed Abscission and Shorter Internodes Correlate with a Reduction in the Ethylene Receptor LeETR1 Transcript in Transgenic Tomato AN - 18373306; 5330728 AB - Stable transformation of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv Ailsa Craig) plants with a construct containing the antisense sequence for the receiver domain and 3'-untranslated portion of the tomato ethylene receptor (LeETR1) under the control of an enhanced cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter resulted in some expected and unexpected phenotypes. In addition to reduced LeETR1 transcript levels, the two most consistently observed phenotypes in the transgenic lines were delayed abscission and reduced plant size. Fruit coloration and softening were essentially unaffected, and all the seedlings from first generation seed displayed a normal triple response to ethylene. Two independent lines with a single copy of the transgene and reduced LeETR1 transcript accumulation were selected for detailed phenotypic analysis of second generation (R1) plants. Delayed abscission, shorter internode length, and reduced auxin movement all correlated with the presence of the transgene and the degree of reduced LeETR1 transcript accumulation. No significant differences were noted for fruit coloration or fruit softening on R1 plants and all seedlings from R1 and R2 seed displayed a normal triple response. LeETR2 transcript accumulation was only slightly reduced in the R1 plants compared with azygous plants, and LeETR3 (NR) transcript levels appeared to be unaffected by the transgene. We propose that ethylene signal transduction occurs through parallel paths that partially intersect to regulate shared ethylene responses. JF - Plant Physiology AU - Whitelaw, CA AU - Lyssenko, N N AU - Chen, L AU - Zhou, D AU - Mattoo, A K AU - Tucker, M L AD - Soybean Genomics Improvement Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Building 006, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, tuckerm@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 978 EP - 987 VL - 128 IS - 3 SN - 0032-0889, 0032-0889 KW - tomato KW - LeETR1 gene KW - LeETR3 gene KW - ethylene receptors KW - transgenes KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Transformation KW - Transgenic plants KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - Antisense KW - Ethylene KW - Signal transduction KW - G 07354:Dicotyledons (crops) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 310:Agricultural Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18373306?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Physiology&rft.atitle=Delayed+Abscission+and+Shorter+Internodes+Correlate+with+a+Reduction+in+the+Ethylene+Receptor+LeETR1+Transcript+in+Transgenic+Tomato&rft.au=Whitelaw%2C+CA%3BLyssenko%2C+N+N%3BChen%2C+L%3BZhou%2C+D%3BMattoo%2C+A+K%3BTucker%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Whitelaw&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=128&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=978&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Physiology&rft.issn=00320889&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lycopersicon esculentum; Ethylene; Antisense; Transgenic plants; Signal transduction; Transformation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantifying Aphanomyces euteiches in alfalfa with a fluorescent polymerase chain reaction assay AN - 18342444; 5388449 AB - A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay using a set of specific primers and a dual-labeled probe (TaqMan) was developed to quantify the amount of Aphanomyces euteiches DNA in alfalfa plants exhibiting varying levels of disease severity. The study included isolates of race 1 and race 2 of A. euteiches. The assay also discriminated between alfalfa populations for resistance based on analysis of DNA extracted from bulked plant samples. Analysis of individual plants and bulked plant samples of standard check populations with both pathogen isolates resulted in Spearman rank correlations between pathogen DNA content and disease severity index ratings that were greater than 0.75 and highly significant (P < 0.0005). In experiments with a race 1 isolate, the amount of pathogen DNA present in the resistant check WAPH-1 was significantly less than in the susceptible check Saranac. In experiments with a race 2 isolate, the amount of pathogen DNA in the resistant check WAPH-5 was significantly less than in either of the susceptible checks, Saranac and WAPH-1. Discrimination between commercial cultivars based on quantitative PCR analysis of bulked plant samples was similar to classification based on visual assessment of disease severity. JF - Phytopathology AU - Vandemark, G J AU - Barker, B M AU - Gritsenko, MA AD - Vegetable and Forage Crops Production Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Prosser, WA 99350, USA, gvandemark@pars.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 265 EP - 272 VL - 92 IS - 3 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Aphanomyces euteiches KW - Disease resistance KW - Quantitation KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01117:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18342444?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Quantifying+Aphanomyces+euteiches+in+alfalfa+with+a+fluorescent+polymerase+chain+reaction+assay&rft.au=Vandemark%2C+G+J%3BBarker%2C+B+M%3BGritsenko%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Vandemark&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aphanomyces euteiches; Quantitation; Disease resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microsatellite markers for Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass) AN - 18305623; 5362795 AB - Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass) is a flourishing invasive weed in the western United States. The objective of our study is to characterize its genetic diversity. We made a B. tectorum genomic library in lambda phage and screened approximately 4000 clones for poly CA and poly CT dinucleotide repeats. Of 38 sequences with dinucleotide repeats isolated from the library, we designed primer sets for 18 loci. A preliminary screen of 40 individuals from four populations indicated that seven loci were polymorphic. These loci will be valuable for elucidation of cheatgrass genetic diversity and population structure. JF - Molecular Ecology Notes AU - Ramakrishnan AU - Coleman, CE AU - Meyer, SE AU - Fairbanks, D J AD - USDA Forest Service Shrub Sciences Laboratory, 735 N 500 East, Provo, UT 84606, USA, semeyer@sisna.com Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 22 EP - 23 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 2 IS - 1 SN - 1471-8278, 1471-8278 KW - cheatgrass KW - invasive species KW - Ecology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Invasiveness KW - USA, West KW - Polymorphism KW - Microsatellites KW - Genetic diversity KW - Genetic markers KW - Bromus tectorum KW - Population structure KW - Introduced species KW - G 07270:Ecological genetics KW - D 04636:Grasses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18305623?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Ecology+Notes&rft.atitle=Microsatellite+markers+for+Bromus+tectorum+%28cheatgrass%29&rft.au=Ramakrishnan%3BColeman%2C+CE%3BMeyer%2C+SE%3BFairbanks%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Ramakrishnan&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=22&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Ecology+Notes&rft.issn=14718278&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1471-8278.2001.00131.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bromus tectorum; USA, West; Population structure; Genetic markers; Microsatellites; Genetic diversity; Introduced species; Invasiveness; Polymorphism DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-8278.2001.00131.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vegetation response to large scale disturbance in a southern Appalachian forest: Hurricane Opal and salvage logging AN - 18303815; 5354141 AB - Disturbance such as catastrophic windthrow can play a major role in the structure and composition of southern Appalachian forests. We report effects of Hurricane Opal followed by salvage logging on vegetation dynamics (regeneration, composition, and diversity) the first three years after disturbance at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in western North Carolina. The objective of this study was to compare species composition and diversity of understory and groundlayer species in a hurricane + salvage logged (H+S) forest to an adjacent undisturbed forest. Abundance of groundlayer species was much higher in the H+S forest than in the undisturbed forest, and abundance increased over time. Percent cover, density, and species richness were significantly higher in the H+S forest than in the undisturbed forest. In addition, percent cover increased by approximately 85% between 1997 and 1999 in the H+S plots. Shannon's index of diversity (H') based on percent cover was significantly higher in the H+S forest than the undisturbed forest by the third year after disturbance. However, there was no significant difference in H' based on density between H+S forest and the undisturbed forest in either year. In the undisturbed forest, 59 species and 50 genera represented 30 families. By 1999 (the third year after disturbance), the H+S forest retained 93 species, 72 genera and 42 families. The Asteraceae and Liliaceae had the highest number of species in both sampled forests, with more species of Liliaceae in the H+S plots. Micro-relief created from pit and mound topography from uprooting of windthrown trees, shade from the slash-debris left on site from the salvage logging, and shade from the remaining overstory trees created a mosaic of environmental conditions. This environmental heterogeneity could be responsible for the mix of early (shade intolerant) and late (shade tolerant) successional herbaceous species, and a higher species richness and diversity than the undisturbed forest. JF - Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society AU - Elliott, K J AU - Hitchcock, S L AU - Krueger, L AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory 3160 Coweeta Lab Rd., Otto, North Carolina 28763, USA Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 48 EP - 59 VL - 129 IS - 1 SN - 1095-5674, 1095-5674 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Logging KW - Hurricanes KW - USA, North Carolina KW - Vegetation changes KW - Forests KW - Disturbance KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18303815?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Torrey+Botanical+Society&rft.atitle=Vegetation+response+to+large+scale+disturbance+in+a+southern+Appalachian+forest%3A+Hurricane+Opal+and+salvage+logging&rft.au=Elliott%2C+K+J%3BHitchcock%2C+S+L%3BKrueger%2C+L&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=129&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=48&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Torrey+Botanical+Society&rft.issn=10955674&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, North Carolina; Vegetation changes; Disturbance; Logging; Hurricanes; Forests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Virulence Phenotypes of Puccinia triticina in the South Atlantic States in 1999 AN - 18301218; 5348197 AB - Collections of Puccinia triticina were made from rust-infected wheat leaves in Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia in 1999 to examine if these states can be considered as a single epidemiological unit for virulence phenotypes of the wheat leaf rust pathogen. Single-uredinial isolates derived from the leaf rust collections were processed for identification of virulence phenotypes on seedling plants in greenhouse tests. Twenty-one virulence phenotypes from 253 isolates were described based on infection type to 16 Thatcher wheat lines near-isogenic for leaf rust resistance genes. Virulence phenotype MBRK (virulent to leaf rust resistance genes Lr1, Lr3, Lr3ka, Lr11, Lr30, Lr10, Lr14a, and Lr18) was the most common phenotype in the region, at 38.7% of all isolates. Phenotype TLGF (virulent to Lr1, Lr2a, Lr2c, Lr3, Lr9, Lr11, Lr14a, and Lr18) was the second most common phenotype overall, at 33.8% of isolates. Twenty-nine isolates selected on the basis of seedling virulence phenotypes also were tested for virulence to adult wheat plants with the resistance genes Lr12, Lr13, Lr22b, and Lr34. In all, 23 isolates were avirulent to Lr12 and 26 isolates were virulent to Lr13. All isolates had fewer and smaller uredinia on the Thatcher line with Lr34 compared with Thatcher. The widespread occurrence of the predominant P. triticina virulence phenotypes throughout the region indicated that the South Atlantic states should be considered as a single epidemiological area for wheat leaf rust. Some virulence phenotypes which occurred at lower frequencies were found primarily in the Coastal Plain and mountains of North Carolina or in breeding plots in southern Georgia. Localized populations of P. triticina may develop in the South Atlantic region due to overwintering of leaf rust infections or specific selection by leaf rust resistance genes in wheat cultivars. JF - Plant Disease AU - Kolmer, JA AD - Research Plant Pathologist, USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108, USA, jkolmer@cdl.umn.edu Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 288 EP - 291 VL - 86 IS - 3 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - phenotypes KW - isolates KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Virulence KW - Plant diseases KW - Puccinia triticina KW - USA, Southeast KW - A 01024:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18301218?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Virulence+Phenotypes+of+Puccinia+triticina+in+the+South+Atlantic+States+in+1999&rft.au=Kolmer%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Kolmer&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=288&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Puccinia triticina; USA, Southeast; Virulence; Plant diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DNA Fingerprinting Analysis of Vegetative Compatibility Groups in Aspergillus flavus from a Peanut Field in Georgia AN - 18300710; 5348191 AB - The ability of species-specific DNA probe pAF28 to correctly match 75 strains of Aspergillus flavus isolated from a peanut field in Georgia with 1 of 44 distinct vegetative compatibility groupings (VCGs) was assessed. Multiple strains belonging to the same VCG typically produced identical DNA fingerprints, with the exception of VCG 17 and VCG 24, which contained strains that showed 83 and 87% similarity, respectively. A. flavus isolates sharing more than 80% of the fragments are recognized as belonging to the same DNA fingerprint group. Each VCG represented by a single isolate produced unique DNA fingerprints. The results provide further evidence that the pAF28 probe is able to distinguish A. flavus VCGs based on DNA fingerprints and can be used to predict the approximate number of VCGs in a sample population. The DNA probe also hybridized strongly and displayed multiple and distinct bands with other species in Aspergillus section Flavi: A. bombycis, A. caelatus, A. nomius, A. pseudotamarii, and A. tamarii. Although individual strains representing Aspergillus spp. in section Flavi produced DNA fingerprints with multiple bands, the banding patterns could not be used to classify these strains according to species. JF - Plant Disease AU - McAlpin, CE AU - Wicklow, D T AU - Horn, B W AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Peoria, IL 61604, USA, mcaplice@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 254 EP - 258 VL - 86 IS - 3 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - isolates KW - vegetative compatibility groups KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - DNA fingerprinting KW - Arachis hypogaea KW - Plant diseases KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - USA, Georgia KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18300710?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=DNA+Fingerprinting+Analysis+of+Vegetative+Compatibility+Groups+in+Aspergillus+flavus+from+a+Peanut+Field+in+Georgia&rft.au=McAlpin%2C+CE%3BWicklow%2C+D+T%3BHorn%2C+B+W&rft.aulast=McAlpin&rft.aufirst=CE&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=254&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus flavus; Arachis hypogaea; USA, Georgia; Plant diseases; DNA fingerprinting ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of Corn Inbreds and Advanced Breeding Lines for Resistance to Aflatoxin Contamination in the Field AN - 18294144; 5348188 AB - Eighteen corn inbred lines and advanced breeding lines were evaluated for resistance to aflatoxin contamination when artificially inoculated with Aspergillus flavus in 1998, 1999 (two tests), and 2000 at Mississippi State, MS, in field studies. The top ear of each plant was inoculated with the A. flavus isolate NRRL 3357 seven days after midsilk (50% of the plants in a plot had silks emerged) using the side-needle technique. Ears were harvested at kernel maturity approximately 63 days after midsilk and aflatoxin levels were measured using the Vicam AflaTest. Aflatoxin contamination in the inbreds was extremely high in 1998. Levels ranged from 139 to 21,090 ng/g. In 1999, aflatoxin contamination ranged from 17 to 1,070 ng/g in one test and 14 to 1,278 ng/g in another test. In 2000, aflatoxin levels ranged from 237 to 7,503 ng/g. Lines that supported lowest levels of aflatoxin contamination included Mp81:112, Mp92:673, Mp92:679, and Mp494. These lines provide potential new sources of resistance that can be used to move aflatoxin resistance into commercial corn hybrids. JF - Plant Disease AU - Windham, G L AU - Williams, W P AD - USDA-ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Research Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA, gwindham@ra.msstate.edu Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 232 EP - 234 VL - 86 IS - 3 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - maize KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Mycotoxins KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - Plant protection KW - Zea mays KW - Aflatoxins KW - Disease resistance KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18294144?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+Corn+Inbreds+and+Advanced+Breeding+Lines+for+Resistance+to+Aflatoxin+Contamination+in+the+Field&rft.au=Windham%2C+G+L%3BWilliams%2C+W+P&rft.aulast=Windham&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=232&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus flavus; Zea mays; Plant protection; Aflatoxins; Mycotoxins; Disease resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of modified oxygen and carbon dioxide atmospheres on mint and thyme plant growth, morphogenesis and secondary metabolism in vitro AN - 18291144; 5340828 AB - Growth (fresh weight) and morphogenesis (production of leaves, roots and shoots) of mint (Mentha sp. L.) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) shoots were determined under atmospheres of 5%, 10%, 21%, 32%, or 43% O sub(2) with either 350 or 10,000 mu mol mol super(-1) CO sub(2). Plants were grown in vitro on Murashige and Skoog salts, 3% sucrose and 0.8% agar under a 16/8-h (day/night) photoperiod with a light intensity of 180 mu mol s super(-1)m super(-2). Growth and morphogenesis responses varied considerably for the two plant species tested depending on the level of O sub(2) administered. Growth was considerably enhanced for both species under all O sub(2) levels tested when 10,000 mu mol mol super(-1) CO sub(2) was added as compared to growth responses obtained at the same O sub(2) levels tested with 350 mu mol mol super(-1) CO sub(2). Mint shoots exhibited high growth and morphogenesis responses for all O sub(2) levels tested with 10,000 mu mol mol super(-1) CO sub(2). In contrast, thyme shoots exhibited enhanced growth and morphogenesis when cultured in 21% O sub(2) with 10,000 mu mol mol super(-1) CO sub(2) included compared to shoots cultured under lower O sub(2) levels. Essential oil compositions (i.e. monoterpene, piperitenone oxide from mint and aromatic phenol, thymol from thyme) were analyzed from CH sub(2)Cl sub(2) extracts via gas chromatography from the shoot portion of plants grown at all O sub(2) levels. The highest levels of thymol were produced from thyme shoots cultured under 10% and 21% O sub(2) with 10,000 mu mol mol super(-1) CO sub(2,)and levels were considerably lower in shoots grown under either lower or higher O sub(2) levels. Higher levels of piperitenone oxide were obtained from mint cultures grown under 21% O sub(2) with 10,000 mu mol mol super(-1) CO sub(2) compared to that obtained with lower O sub(2) levels. JF - Plant Cell Reports AU - Tisserat, B AU - Vaughn, S F AU - Silman, R AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit, 1815 N University St, Peoria, IL 61604, USA, tisserbh@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 912 EP - 916 PB - Springer-Verlag, [URL:http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00299/bibs/2020 010/20200912.htm] VL - 20 IS - 10 SN - 0721-7714, 0721-7714 KW - piperitenone oxide KW - secondary metabolites KW - thymol KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Mentha KW - Oxygen KW - Growth KW - Morphogenesis KW - Oils KW - Thymus vulgaris KW - Carbon dioxide KW - W2 32440:Plant breeding KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18291144?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.atitle=Influence+of+modified+oxygen+and+carbon+dioxide+atmospheres+on+mint+and+thyme+plant+growth%2C+morphogenesis+and+secondary+metabolism+in+vitro&rft.au=Tisserat%2C+B%3BVaughn%2C+S+F%3BSilman%2C+R&rft.aulast=Tisserat&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=912&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.issn=07217714&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00299-001-0428-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mentha; Thymus vulgaris; Growth; Morphogenesis; Oils; Oxygen; Carbon dioxide DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00299-001-0428-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay (TRFIA) for the detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in apple cider AN - 18261365; 5313628 AB - An immunoassay based on immunomagnetic separation and time-resolved fluorometry was developed for the detection of E. coli O157:H7 in apple cider. The time-resolved fluorescent immunoassay (TRFIA) uses a polyclonal antibody bound to immunomagnetic beads as the capture antibody and the same antibody labeled with europium as the detection antibody. Cell suspensions of 10 super(1) to 10 super(8) E. coli O157:H7 and K-12 organisms per ml were used to test the sensitivity and specificity of the assay. The sensitivity of the assay was 10 super(3) E. coli O157:H7 cells with no cross-reaction with K-12. Pure cultures of E. coli O157:H7 (10 super(1) to 10 super(5) CFU/ml) in apple cider could be detected within 6 h, including 4 h for incubation in modified EC broth with novobiocin and 2 h for the immunoassay. When apple cider was spiked with 1 to 10 super(3) CFU/ml of E. coli O157:H7 and 10 super(6) CFU/ml of K-12, our data show that the high level of K-12 in apple cider did not impede the detection of low levels of O157:H7. The minimum detectable numbers of cells present in the initial inoculum were 10 super(2) and 10 super(1) CFU/ml after 4- and 6-h enrichment. The TRFIA provides a rapid and sensitive means of detecting E. coli O157:H7 in apple cider. JF - Journal of Microbiological Methods AU - Yu, LSL AU - Reed, SA AU - Golden, M H AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, 19038 Wyndmoor, PA USA Y1 - 2002/03/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 01 SP - 63 EP - 68 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 49 IS - 1 SN - 0167-7012, 0167-7012 KW - cider KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Fluorescence KW - Cider KW - Immunofluorescence KW - Food contamination KW - Antibodies KW - Escherichia coli KW - Fluorometry KW - Immunoassays KW - Separation techniques KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs KW - W2 32240:Immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18261365?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Microbiological+Methods&rft.atitle=Time-resolved+fluorescence+immunoassay+%28TRFIA%29+for+the+detection+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+in+apple+cider&rft.au=Yu%2C+LSL%3BReed%2C+SA%3BGolden%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Yu&rft.aufirst=LSL&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Microbiological+Methods&rft.issn=01677012&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Immunoassays; Food contamination; Fluorescence; Immunofluorescence; Antibodies; Separation techniques; Fluorometry; Cider ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Roost Harassment on Cormorant Movements and Roosting in the Delta Region of Mississippi AN - 1665492894; 5368012 AB - Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) predation on Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) at commercial farms has been estimated to cost the Mississippi aquaculture industry approximately $5 million annually to replace consumed fingerlings. In 1997, catfish producers assumed responsibility for the dispersal of cormorants in night roosts in the eastern (interior) delta region of Mississippi, where catfish farms are concentrated. We documented movements of 50 cormorants marked with radio transmitters in the delta region from January through March 1997. We obtained 161 post-capture day locations and 176 post-capture night roost locations. Cormorants that were harassed at their night roost flew farther to their next day's location than birds that were not harassed the previous night. Of the cormorants for which we had more than one night roost location, only 11% of cormorants that were harassed returned to the same roost within 48 hours, compared with an 81% return of cormorants to a previously un-harassed night roost. Moreover, cormorants in the eastern portion of the delta (where all harassment was conducted) changed night roosts more frequently than cormorants in the western (non-harassed) delta. Since cormorants in our study foraged relatively close to their night roosts and only 11% of the birds that we observed roosting in the western delta traveled to the eastern delta to forage the following day, coordinated and intensive dispersal of cormorants from the interior delta may, temporarily, limit cormorant impacts to Mississippi aquaculture. JF - Waterbirds AU - Tobin, ME AU - King, D T AU - Dorr, B S AU - Werner, S J AU - Reinhold, D S AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Mississippi Research Station, P.O. Drawer 6099, Mississippi State University, MS 39762, USA Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 44 EP - 51 VL - 25 IS - 1 SN - 1524-4695, 1524-4695 KW - Channel catfish KW - Double-crested cormorant KW - Graceful catfish KW - Roost Harassment KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Rivers KW - Predation KW - Behaviour KW - Predators KW - Pest control KW - ASW, USA, Louisiana, Mississippi Delta KW - Phalacrocorax auritus KW - Freshwater KW - Aquaculture KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - Biotelemetry KW - Tracking KW - Local movements KW - Movements KW - USA, Louisiana KW - USA, Mississippi KW - Disturbance KW - Fish culture KW - Aquaculture techniques KW - Aquatic birds KW - Roosts KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - O 5060:Aquaculture KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture KW - Y 25933:Resting behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1665492894?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Waterbirds&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Roost+Harassment+on+Cormorant+Movements+and+Roosting+in+the+Delta+Region+of+Mississippi&rft.au=Tobin%2C+ME%3BKing%2C+D+T%3BDorr%2C+B+S%3BWerner%2C+S+J%3BReinhold%2C+D+S&rft.aulast=Tobin&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=44&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Waterbirds&rft.issn=15244695&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Local movements; Behaviour; Pest control; Predators; Tracking; Biotelemetry; Aquatic birds; Aquaculture techniques; Fish culture; Rivers; Predation; Movements; Disturbance; Aquaculture; Roosts; Phalacrocorax auritus; Ictalurus punctatus; USA, Mississippi; USA, Louisiana; ASW, USA, Louisiana, Mississippi Delta; Freshwater ER -