TY - JOUR T1 - Detecting mycotoxins in agricultural commodities AN - 954586968; 13859981 AB - It is difficult to obtain precise and accurate estimates of the true mycotoxin concentration of a bulk lot when using a mycotoxin-sampling plan that measures the concentration in a small portion of the bulk lot. A mycotoxin-sampling plan is defined by a mycotoxin test procedure and a defined accept/reject limit. A mycotoxin test procedure is a complicated process and generally consists of several steps: (a) a sample is taken from the lot, (b) the sample is ground (comminuted) in a mill to reduce particle size, (c) a subsample is removed from the comminuted sample, and (d) the mycotoxin is extracted from the comminuted subsample and quantified. Even when using accepted test procedures, there is variability associated with each step of the mycotoxin test procedure. Because of this variability, the true mycotoxin concentration in the lot cannot be determined with 100% certainty by measuring the mycotoxin concentration in a sample taken from the lot. The variability for each step of the mycotoxin test procedure, as measured by the variance statistic, is shown to increase with mycotoxin concentration. Sampling is usually the largest source of variability associated with the mycotoxin test procedure. Sampling variability is large because a small percentage of kernels are contaminated and the level of contamination on a single seed can be very large. Methods to reduce sampling, sample preparation, and analytical variability are discussed. JF - Molecular Biotechnology AU - Whitaker, Thomas B AD - USDA/ARS, North Carolina State University, Box 7625, 27695-7625, Raleigh, NC Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 61 EP - 71 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 23 IS - 1 SN - 1073-6085, 1073-6085 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Particle size KW - Mycotoxins KW - Seeds KW - Contamination KW - Kernels KW - Sampling KW - X 24370:Natural Toxins KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/954586968?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Detecting+mycotoxins+in+agricultural+commodities&rft.au=Whitaker%2C+Thomas+B&rft.aulast=Whitaker&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Biotechnology&rft.issn=10736085&rft_id=info:doi/10.1385%2FMB%3A23%3A1%3A61 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Particle size; Seeds; Mycotoxins; Contamination; Kernels; Sampling DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/MB:23:1:61 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Herbage response to spacing of loblolly pine trees in a minimal management silvopasture in southeastern USA AN - 867733364; 13662815 AB - Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) silvopastures often are established and maintained on sites of poor soil fertility and minimal fertilizer input. Our objective was to determine whether row spacing affected yield, quality, and botanical composition of minimally managed herbage in loblolly pine early in the tree rotation. Plots were randomly located equidistant from bordering tree rows in each of eight alley width treatments that were 2.4, 3.6, 4.9, 7.3, 9.7, 12.2, 14.6 m wide, and no trees. Row spacing affected the yield, quality, and botanical composition of pasture five to six years in the rotation especially at densities exceeding 840 trees ha super(-1). Botanical composition shifted from predominantly cool-season to warm-season grasses between annual first- and second-harvests, respectively, which caused seasonal differences in several yield and quality traits. Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) production appeared to be unsustainable under minimal management. Herbage yield generally increased, but quality and minerals (crude protein, IVDMD, Ca, and P) tended to decrease with spacing. The 4.9 m row spacing was minimally acceptable for herbage yield and quality. System design should seek to balance tree-crop yield and quality within the context of management constraints and site productivity. JF - Agroforestry Systems AU - Burner, D M AU - Brauer, D K AD - USDA/ARS Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center, 6883 South State Hwy 23, Booneville, AR, 72927, USA, dburner@spa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 69 EP - 77 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 57 IS - 1 SN - 0167-4366, 0167-4366 KW - Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Fertility KW - Fertilizers KW - Pasture KW - Proteins KW - Seasonal variations KW - Sulfur dioxide KW - Trees KW - agroforestry KW - soil fertility KW - USA, Southeast KW - Festuca arundinacea KW - Pinus taeda KW - USA KW - ENA 11:Non-Renewable Resources KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/867733364?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agroforestry+Systems&rft.atitle=Herbage+response+to+spacing+of+loblolly+pine+trees+in+a+minimal+management+silvopasture+in+southeastern+USA&rft.au=Burner%2C+D+M%3BBrauer%2C+D+K&rft.aulast=Burner&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agroforestry+Systems&rft.issn=01674366&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1022943224478 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fertility; Fertilizers; Sulfur dioxide; soil fertility; Trees; Proteins; Pasture; Seasonal variations; agroforestry; Festuca arundinacea; Pinus taeda; USA; USA, Southeast DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022943224478 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The controlling influence of cell-surface electrical potential on the uptake and toxicity of selenate (SeO sub(4) super(2-)) AN - 745932887; 6619158 AB - Root elongation in wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Atlas 66) was inhibited by micromolar activities of SeO sub(4) super(2-). SeO sub(4) super(2-) inhibition was enhanced by supplementation of the rooting medium with CaCl sub(2), MgCl sub(2), SrCl sub(2), or the reduction of pH. These solute treatments, as well as the addition of tris (ethylenediamine)cobalt super(3+), enhanced the uptake of Se by the roots. The results are interpreted to reflect an elevated PM-surface activity of SeO sub(4) super(2-) caused by solute-induced reductions of plasma membrane (PM) surface negativity. (PM-surface electrical potential is sometimes measured electrophoretically as the zeta potential.) This study complements an extensive literature documenting the suitability of an electrostatic model (Gouy-Chapman-Stern), based almost entirely upon experiments with cations rather than anions. The close correspondence among uptake, intoxication, and model-computed SeO sub(4) super(2-) activity at the PM surface adds credibility to the model and its evaluated parameters. The model may be useful for the interpretation of other plant-anion interactions, and phosphate and sulphate nutrition in acidic soils are considered as examples. JF - Physiologia Plantarum AU - Kinraide, Thomas B AD - Appalachian Farming Systems Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beaver, WV 25813-9423, USA, tkinraide@afsrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 64 EP - 71 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road Oxford OX4 2DQ UK, [URL:http://www.blackwellpublishing.com] VL - 117 IS - 1 SN - 0031-9317, 0031-9317 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Intoxication KW - Anions KW - Roots KW - Toxicity KW - Nutrition KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Solutes KW - Elongation KW - Soils (acid) KW - Cations KW - Atlases KW - Phosphate KW - Plasma membranes KW - Zeta potential KW - Dietary supplements KW - Seedlings KW - Rooting KW - pH effects KW - X 24300:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745932887?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physiologia+Plantarum&rft.atitle=The+controlling+influence+of+cell-surface+electrical+potential+on+the+uptake+and+toxicity+of+selenate+%28SeO+sub%284%29+super%282-%29%29&rft.au=Kinraide%2C+Thomas+B&rft.aulast=Kinraide&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=64&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Physiologia+Plantarum&rft.issn=00319317&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.0031-9317.2002.00002.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-07-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Formulas, 4; references, 25. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Intoxication; Anions; Roots; Toxicity; Nutrition; Elongation; Solutes; Soils (acid); Plasma membranes; Phosphate; Atlases; Cations; Dietary supplements; Zeta potential; Seedlings; Rooting; pH effects; Triticum aestivum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0031-9317.2002.00002.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reduction of cancer risk by consumption of selenium-enriched plants: enrichment of broccoli with selenium increases the anticarcinogenic properties of broccoli. AN - 73367451; 12804017 AB - Plant-based diets and phytochemicals present in plants are associated with decreased risk of cancer. Brassica species, and broccoli in particular, are associated with reduced risk of several important cancers. Selenium (Se) is an essential nutrient that is covalently bound in a number of different chemical forms found in plants. Broccoli accumulates Se many-fold beyond the concentration of Se in the soil, and the chemical form of Se in broccoli is similar to the chemical form in high-Se garlic, a food with unique chemoprotective properties. Se from broccoli grown to accumulate more than 500 micro g Se/g did not accumulate in rat tissues or increase glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity to the same extent as Se salts or seleno-amino acids. Se from high-Se broccoli decreased the incidence of aberrant crypts in rats with chemically induced colon cancer by more than 50%, compared with controls. Se from high-Se broccoli also decreased the incidence of mammary tumors in rats treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) and tumor number and volume in APC(min) mice. These results suggest that development of methods to increase the natural accumulation of Se in broccoli may greatly enhance its health-promoting properties. JF - Journal of medicinal food AU - Finley, John W AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9034, USA. jfinley@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 19 EP - 26 VL - 6 IS - 1 SN - 1096-620X, 1096-620X KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene KW - 57-97-6 KW - Glutathione Peroxidase KW - EC 1.11.1.9 KW - Selenium KW - H6241UJ22B KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Glutathione Peroxidase -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Plants, Edible -- chemistry KW - Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental -- prevention & control KW - Colonic Neoplasms -- prevention & control KW - Colonic Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Colonic Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Health Promotion KW - Brassica -- chemistry KW - Selenium -- analysis KW - Brassica -- growth & development KW - Selenium -- pharmacokinetics KW - Neoplasms -- prevention & control KW - Selenium -- administration & dosage KW - Brassica -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73367451?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+medicinal+food&rft.atitle=Reduction+of+cancer+risk+by+consumption+of+selenium-enriched+plants%3A+enrichment+of+broccoli+with+selenium+increases+the+anticarcinogenic+properties+of+broccoli.&rft.au=Finley%2C+John+W&rft.aulast=Finley&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+medicinal+food&rft.issn=1096620X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-07 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Scanning electron microscopy of native biofilms on mung bean sprouts. AN - 73173785; 12674347 AB - Native biofilms present on the adaxial surface of cotyledons of mung bean sprouts (Vigna radiata) were studied by use of scanning electron microscopy. Biofilms were abundant on the cotyledon surfaces and were comprised of rod-shaped bacteria, cocci-shaped bacteria, or yeasts, often with one type of microbe predominant. In contrast to our earlier study of biofilms on green sprouts (alfalfa, clover, broccoli, and sunflower), yeast and cocci were abundant on mung bean. Filamentous fungi were not observed. Sheet-like or fibrillar material (presumably composed of secreted microbial polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids) fully or partially covered the biofilms. Biofilms up to 5 mm in length were observed, and some biofilms were comprised of more than just a monolayer of microbial cells. Native biofilms on sprout surfaces undoubtedly play an important role in the ecology of plant epiphytic microbes and may also afford protected sites for plant and human bacterial pathogens. JF - Canadian journal of microbiology AU - Fett, William F AU - Cooke, Peter H AD - Food Safety Intervention Technologies Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA. wfett@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 45 EP - 50 VL - 49 IS - 1 SN - 0008-4166, 0008-4166 KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Contamination KW - Microscopy, Electron, Scanning KW - Food Microbiology KW - Bacteria -- growth & development KW - Fabaceae -- microbiology KW - Biofilms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73173785?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+journal+of+microbiology&rft.atitle=Scanning+electron+microscopy+of+native+biofilms+on+mung+bean+sprouts.&rft.au=Fett%2C+William+F%3BCooke%2C+Peter+H&rft.aulast=Fett&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+journal+of+microbiology&rft.issn=00084166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-15 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental fate of methyl bromide as a soil fumigant. AN - 73137107; 12666818 AB - The great variation among results of recent experiments measuring the total emission of MeBr from fields implies that many factors influence MeBr transport and transformation in the soil-water-air system and its ultimate loss from the soil surface. It has been demonstrated that variables related to application methods (e.g., injection depth, use and type of surface tarp), soil properties (e.g., water content, bulk density, soil organic matter), and climatic conditions (e.g.. air temperature, wind speed, barometric pressure) have pronounced effects on MeBr volatilization following soil injection. The following conclusions can be drawn from this experimental information. Tarping consistently, increased the residence time and concentration of MeBr residing in the soil. Prolonged retention of MeBr in the soil resulted in more extensive degradation and reduced cumulative emissions. Research indicates that the polyethylene film typically used for the surface cover is relatively permeable to MeBr and allows significant emissions compared to virtually impermeable plastic films. This effect is more pronounced during periods of high temperature. Soil type, soil water content, and bulk density are important factors affecting MeBr transport and transformation in soil, which ultimately affect volatilization. The total volatilization from a soil with high organic matter content may be drastically reduced relative to that from a low organic matter soil. Amendment of the surface soil with organic matter or nucleophilic compounds that promote increased degradation may offer another method for reducing volatilization. MeBr volatilization may also be decreased by increasing soil water content and bulk density, mainly because of the reduced gas-phase diffusion resulting from reduced soil air-filled porosity. To minimize volatilization, MeBr should be applied during periods of cool temperature, injected relatively deep in organic-rich, moist soil, and the soil surface packed and tarped immediately after the application. Depending on site-specific conditions, a new high-barrier plastic should be used. Injecting MeBr during periods of warm temperature, at a shallow depth in dry, loose soil without the use of low-permeability plastic barriers, will likely result in maximum volatilization rates and therefore should be discouraged. Before adopting any new emission reduction technology, the pest control characteristics of the new methodology should be assessed under soil and environmental conditions typical of the region to optimize efficacy while minimizing environmental contamination. There is considerable current scientific evidence indicating that eliminating MeBr use for soil fumigation may not have a significant impact on stratospheric ozone depletion. Management practices can and have been developed that essentially eliminate atmospheric emissions of MeBr and other fumigant compounds following soil application. Some scientists have suggested that there are natural buffers and various unknown sources of MeBr that make it impossible to ascertain that eliminating soil fumigation with MeBr will significantly improve stratospheric ozone levels. It is quite certain, however, that the phase-out will make it much more difficult for growers to economically provide an adequate and healthful food supply in the U.S. and elsewhere in the world. As the phase-out date approaches, there remains a great need for information about MeBr and stratospheric ozone depletion. Stratospheric ozone must be protected, but recent experiments suggest that it can be protected while still allowing MeBr to be used for soil fumigation. A new approach may be warranted in which state and federal regulations recognize that every chemical is a potential environmental contaminant, depending on the properties of the chemical and the environmental conditions prevailing following its application. Ideally, regulations should incorporate incentives to develop technology that minimizes the likelihood that a chemical becomes an environmental and/or public health problem. Rather than instituting an irrevocable ban, allowing for a suspension of chemical use until the appropriate technology is developed to control the undesirable characteristic(s) of the chemical use would provide much more flexibility to growers and may enhance environmental protection by adopting a proactive approach in which growers, chemical manufacturers, regulators, and the public can have confidence. JF - Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology AU - Yates, Scott R AU - Gan, Jay AU - Papiernik, Sharon K AD - USDA-ARS, George E. Brown Jr. Salinity Laboratory, 450 West Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92507-4617, USA. Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 45 EP - 122 VL - 177 SN - 0179-5953, 0179-5953 KW - Hydrocarbons, Brominated KW - 0 KW - Oxidants, Photochemical KW - Pesticides KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - methyl bromide KW - 9V42E1Z7B6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Oxidants, Photochemical -- chemistry KW - Adsorption KW - Volatilization KW - Diffusion KW - Ozone -- chemistry KW - Pesticides -- chemistry KW - Pesticides -- analysis KW - Hydrocarbons, Brominated -- analysis KW - Hydrocarbons, Brominated -- chemistry KW - Soil Pollutants -- analysis KW - Models, Theoretical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73137107?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reviews+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Environmental+fate+of+methyl+bromide+as+a+soil+fumigant.&rft.au=Yates%2C+Scott+R%3BGan%2C+Jay%3BPapiernik%2C+Sharon+K&rft.aulast=Yates&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=177&rft.issue=&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reviews+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.issn=01795953&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-15 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of deoxynivalenol and nivalenol in corn and wheat by liquid chromatography with electrospray mass spectrometry. AN - 73062702; 12607741 AB - The fungus Fusarium graminearum is a pathogen of both wheat and corn. Strains of the fungus from the United States produce a toxin, deoxynivalenol (DON); strains of the fungus from Asia and Europe produce DON or a related toxin, nivalenol. These toxins can cause disease in livestock, and their potential presence in feed and foods is a concern for animal and human health. A method was developed to detect both toxins in corn and wheat by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry of an extract of ground grain. The method requires no sample cleanup and can detect the toxins at 0.05 microg/g. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Plattner, Ronald D AU - Maragos, Chris M AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Mycotoxin Research, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Midwest Area, Agriculture Research Service, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. plattnrd@ncaur.usda.gov PY - 2003 SP - 61 EP - 65 VL - 86 IS - 1 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Mycotoxins KW - 0 KW - Plant Extracts KW - Trichothecenes KW - nivalenol KW - 5WOP02RM1U KW - deoxynivalenol KW - JT37HYP23V KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Edible Grain -- chemistry KW - Plant Extracts -- chemistry KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis KW - Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Zea mays -- chemistry KW - Trichothecenes -- analysis KW - Triticum -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73062702?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Research+in+Nursing+%26+Health&rft.atitle=Women+in+transition%3A+Experiences+of+health+and+health+care+for+recently+incarcerated+women+living+in+community+corrections+facilities&rft.au=Colbert%2C+Alison+M.%3BGoshin%2C+Lorie+S.%3BDurand%2C+Vanessa%3BZoucha%2C+Rick%3BSekula%2C+L.+Kathleen&rft.aulast=Colbert&rft.aufirst=Alison&rft.date=2016-12-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=426&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Research+in+Nursing+%26+Health&rft.issn=01606891&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fnur.21742 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-05 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of vaccination against methyllycaconitine toxicity in mice. AN - 73046108; 12597394 AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether larkspur toxins conjugated to protein carriers would promote active immunity in mice. Mice were injected with several larkspur toxin-protein conjugates or adjuvant alone to determine whether the resulting immunological response altered animal susceptibility to methyllycaconitine, the major toxic larkspur alkaloid. Although vaccinations increased the calculated lethal dose 50% (LD50) for intravenous methyllycaconitine toxicity, overlapping confidence intervals did not provide evidence of differences between the vaccinated and control groups. In the lycoctonine conjugate (LYC)-vaccinated group, mouse survival was related (P = 0.001) to serum titers for methyllycaconitine doses up to 4.5 mg/kg of body weight. When mice withlow antibody titers were removed from the vaccinated groups in which titer was related to survival, the recalculated LD50 estimates were 20% greater than the LD50 of the control group. However, the 95% confidence intervals of the recalculated LD50 groups overlapped with the control groups. Overall, these results suggest that vaccination altered methyllycaconitine toxicity in mice and that vaccination may be useful in decreasing the effects of larkspur toxins in animals. Additional studies are warranted to continue development of potential larkspur vaccines for livestock. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Lee, S T AU - Stegelmeier, B L AU - Panter, K E AU - Pfister, J A AU - Gardner, D R AU - Schoch, T K AU - James, L F AD - USDA, ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, Utah 84341, USA. stlee@cc.usu.edu Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 232 EP - 238 VL - 81 IS - 1 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Plant Extracts KW - 0 KW - 14-deacetylnudicauline KW - 119347-24-9 KW - methyllycaconitine KW - 21019-30-7 KW - lycoctonine KW - 26000-17-9 KW - Aconitine KW - X8YN71D5WC KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals, Domestic KW - Animals KW - Biological Assay -- veterinary KW - Random Allocation KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Binding, Competitive KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Immunity, Active KW - Mice KW - Survival Analysis KW - Plant Poisoning -- immunology KW - Vaccination -- veterinary KW - Plant Extracts -- immunology KW - Plant Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Plant Extracts -- toxicity KW - Aconitine -- toxicity KW - Delphinium -- poisoning KW - Plant Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Aconitine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Delphinium -- chemistry KW - Aconitine -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73046108?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychiatric+Clinics+of+North+America&rft.atitle=Sex+offender+risk+assessment+and+management&rft.au=Booth%2C+Brad+D.%3BKingston%2C+Drew+A.&rft.aulast=Booth&rft.aufirst=Brad&rft.date=2016-12-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=675&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Psychiatric+Clinics+of+North+America&rft.issn=0193953X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.psc.2016.07.011 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-19 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - On-farm and postharvest processing sources of bacterial contamination to melon rinds. AN - 72982966; 12540185 AB - Multistate and international foodborne illness outbreaks, particularly involving cantaloupe and often involving rare Salmonella spp., have increased dramatically over the past 13 years. This study assessed the sources and extent of melon rind contamination in production fields and at processing and packing facilities. In the spring of 1999, cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L. [reticulatus group] cv. Cruiser) sampled from two sites in the Rio Grande River Valley showed that postharvest-processed melon rinds often had greater plate counts of bacterial contaminants than field-fresh melons. Cantaloupe in the field had 2.5 to 3.5 log CFU g(-1) rind total coliforms by aerobic plate counts, whereas washed melons had 4.0 to 5.0 log CFU g(-1). In the fall of 1999, coliforms on honeydew melons (C. melo [inodorous group] cv. Honey Brew) ranged from 2.6 to 3.7 log CFU g(-1) after processing, and total and fecal coliforms and enterococci never fell below 2.5 log CFU g(-1). A hydrocooler at another site contaminated cantaloupe rinds with up to 3.4 log CFU g(-1) total and fecal enterococci; a secondary rinse with chlorinated water incompletely removed these bacteria. Sources of coliforms and enterococci were at high levels in melon production soils, especially in furrows that were flood irrigated, in standing water at one field, and in irrigation water at both sites. At one processing facility, wash water pumped from the Rio Grande River may not have been sufficiently disinfected prior to use. Because soil, irrigation water, and process water were potential sources of bacterial contamination, monitoring and management on-farm and at processing and packing facilities should focus on water quality as an important control point for growers and packers to reduce bacterial contamination on melon rinds. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Gagliardi, J V AU - Millner, P D AU - Lester, G AU - Ingram, D AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Animal Waste Pathogens Lab, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Building 001, Room 140, BARC-West, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA. gagliarj@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 82 EP - 87 VL - 66 IS - 1 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Microbiology KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Seasons KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Water Microbiology KW - Cucumis melo -- microbiology KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Cucumis -- microbiology KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Enterobacteriaceae -- growth & development KW - Enterococcus -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72982966?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=On-farm+and+postharvest+processing+sources+of+bacterial+contamination+to+melon+rinds.&rft.au=Gagliardi%2C+J+V%3BMillner%2C+P+D%3BLester%2C+G%3BIngram%2C+D&rft.aulast=Gagliardi&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=82&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-11 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Putative temporal variability of Escherichia coli ribotypes from yearling steers. AN - 72972904; 12549570 AB - Escherichia coli is a ubiquitous component of the intestinal microflora of warm-blooded animals, and is an indicator of fecal contamination of surface waters. Ribotype profiling of E. coli is one of several genotypic methods that has been developed to determine the host origin of fecal bacteria. Like most genotypic methods of source tracking, ribotyping requires a host origin database to identify environmental isolates. To determine the extent of temporal variability of ribotypes and its effect on a host origin database, E. coli isolates were obtained from fecal samples of two herds of Black Angus steers at a long-term experimental site at four sampling times from October 1999 to July 2000. Fecal samples were taken from six randomly chosen steers at each time. At a similarity index of 90% as calculated by unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages (UPGMA), 240 ribotypes were identified from 451 E. coli isolates. Only 20 ribotypes (8.3%), comprising 33% of the total isolates, were shared among sampling times and were considered resident ribotypes. Two of the twenty resident ribotypes appeared at three sampling times, and the remaining eighteen appeared at two. The majority of the ribotypes, therefore, were transient and unique to each sampling time and steer. Both the apparent turnover of E. coli ribotypes and a clonal diversity index of 0.97 (indicative of extensive ribotype variability) suggest the necessity of ribotyping a large number E. coli isolates per host to establish a host origin database that is independent of temporal variability, or complete enough to be effective. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - Jenkins, M B AU - Hartel, P G AU - Olexa, T J AU - Stuedemann, J A AD - USDA-ARS, J. Phil Campbell, Sr., Natural Resource Conservation Center, Watkinsville, GA 30677, USA. mjenkins@arches.uga.edu PY - 2003 SP - 305 EP - 309 VL - 32 IS - 1 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Water Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Feces -- microbiology KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Animals KW - Water Pollutants -- analysis KW - Databases, Factual KW - Water Microbiology KW - Male KW - Ribotyping KW - Cattle -- microbiology KW - Escherichia coli -- pathogenicity KW - Escherichia coli -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72972904?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Putative+temporal+variability+of+Escherichia+coli+ribotypes+from+yearling+steers.&rft.au=Jenkins%2C+M+B%3BHartel%2C+P+G%3BOlexa%2C+T+J%3BStuedemann%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=305&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-15 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - PSII inhibitory activity of resorcinolic lipids from Sorghum bicolor. AN - 72964743; 12542343 AB - Resorcinolic lipids were isolated from the root extracts of Sorghum bicolor and identified as 4,6-dimethoxy-2-[(8'Z,11'Z)-8',11',14'-pentadecatriene]resorcinol (4), 4-methoxy-6-ethoxy-2-[(8'Z,11'Z)-8',11',14'-pentadecatriene]resorcinol (5), and 4-hydroxy-6-ethoxy-2-[(10'Z,13'Z)-10',13',16'-heptadecatriene]resorcinol (6). Compounds 4 and 5 inhibited photosynthetic oxygen evolution (IC50 0.09 and 0.20 microM, respectively). Compound 4 could not be enzymatically converted to a quinone, suggesting that the quinone moiety is not required for its photosystem II inhibitory activity. Compounds 5 and 6 are reported for the first time. JF - Journal of natural products AU - Rimando, Agnes M AU - Dayan, Franck E AU - Streibig, Jens C AD - USDA-ARS, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, P.O. Box 8048, University, Mississippi 38677, USA. arimando@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 42 EP - 45 VL - 66 IS - 1 SN - 0163-3864, 0163-3864 KW - Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes KW - 0 KW - Lipids KW - Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins KW - Photosystem II Protein Complex KW - Quinones KW - Resorcinols KW - Chlorophyll KW - 1406-65-1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Molecular Structure KW - Stereoisomerism KW - Germination -- drug effects KW - Chlorophyll -- metabolism KW - Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular KW - Algorithms KW - Lettuce -- drug effects KW - Inhibitory Concentration 50 KW - Plant Roots -- chemistry KW - Quinones -- metabolism KW - Resorcinols -- chemistry KW - Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins -- metabolism KW - Lipids -- isolation & purification KW - Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins -- chemistry KW - Resorcinols -- pharmacology KW - Lipids -- chemistry KW - Photosynthesis -- drug effects KW - Poaceae -- chemistry KW - Resorcinols -- isolation & purification KW - Lipids -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72964743?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+natural+products&rft.atitle=PSII+inhibitory+activity+of+resorcinolic+lipids+from+Sorghum+bicolor.&rft.au=Rimando%2C+Agnes+M%3BDayan%2C+Franck+E%3BStreibig%2C+Jens+C&rft.aulast=Rimando&rft.aufirst=Agnes&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=42&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+natural+products&rft.issn=01633864&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-20 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inactivation of feline calicivirus and adenovirus type 40 by UV radiation. AN - 72948001; 12514044 AB - Little information regarding the effectiveness of UV radiation on the inactivation of caliciviruses and enteric adenoviruses is available. Analysis of human calicivirus resistance to disinfectants is hampered by the lack of animal or cell culture methods that can determine the viruses' infectivity. The inactivation kinetics of enteric adenovirus type 40 (AD40), coliphage MS-2, and feline calicivirus (FCV), closely related to the human caliciviruses based on nucleic acid organization and capsid architecture, were determined after exposure to low-pressure UV radiation in buffered demand-free (BDF) water at room temperature. In addition, UV disinfection experiments were also carried out in treated groundwater with FCV and AD40. AD40 was more resistant than either FCV or coliphage MS-2 in both BDF water and groundwater. The doses of UV required to achieve 99% inactivation of AD40, coliphage MS-2, and FCV in BDF water were 109, 55, and 16 mJ/cm(2), respectively. The doses of UV required to achieve 99% inactivation of AD40, coliphage MS-2, and FCV in groundwater were slightly lower than those in BDF water. FCV was inactivated by 99% by 13 mJ/cm(2) in treated groundwater. A dose of 103 mJ/cm(2) was required for 99% inactivation of AD40 in treated groundwater. The results of this study indicate that if FCV is an adequate surrogate for human caliciviruses, then their inactivation by UV radiation is similar to those of other single-stranded RNA enteric viruses, such as poliovirus. In addition, AD40 appears to be more resistant to UV disinfection than previously reported. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Thurston-Enriquez, Jeanette A AU - Haas, Charles N AU - Jacangelo, Joseph AU - Riley, Kelley AU - Gerba, Charles P AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0934, USA. JThurston2@unl.edu Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 577 EP - 582 VL - 69 IS - 1 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Index Medicus KW - Levivirus -- radiation effects KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Cats KW - Water Supply KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Ultraviolet Rays KW - Fresh Water -- virology KW - Disinfection -- methods KW - Calicivirus, Feline -- radiation effects KW - Adenoviruses, Human -- radiation effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72948001?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Inactivation+of+feline+calicivirus+and+adenovirus+type+40+by+UV+radiation.&rft.au=Thurston-Enriquez%2C+Jeanette+A%3BHaas%2C+Charles+N%3BJacangelo%2C+Joseph%3BRiley%2C+Kelley%3BGerba%2C+Charles+P&rft.aulast=Thurston-Enriquez&rft.aufirst=Jeanette&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=577&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-21 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Infect Dis. 2000 May;181 Suppl 2:S254-61 [10804134] Virology. 1962 Jun;17:335-41 [14005142] J Infect Dis. 2000 May;181 Suppl 2:S317-21 [10804144] Arch Environ Health. 1968 Nov;17(5):795-802 [4301161] Appl Microbiol. 1970 May;19(5):805-12 [4316273] Virology. 1971 Aug;45(2):529-31 [4328814] J Gen Virol. 1973 Jan;18(1):51-4 [4352953] Curr Stud Hematol Blood Transfus. 1989;(56):70-82 [2491986] Jpn J Ophthalmol. 1990;34(4):421-7 [1964482] J Virol Methods. 1992 May;37(2):201-7 [1317878] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1994 Aug;60(8):2963-70 [8085832] Microbiol Immunol. 1995;39(8):577-80 [7494496] J Infect. 1998 Jan;36(1):101-3 [9515677] Epidemiol Infect. 1998 Oct;121(2):401-7 [9825793] J Hosp Infect. 1999 Jan;41(1):51-7 [9949965] J Infect Dis. 2000 May;181 Suppl 2:S262-9 [10804135] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Contamination of Atlantic coast commercial shellfish with Cryptosporidium. AN - 72892297; 12489014 AB - Shellfish (oysters and/or clams) were obtained from 37 commercial harvesting sites in 13 Atlantic coast states from Maine to Florida and one site in New Brunswick, Canada. Gill washings from each of 25 shellfish at each site were examined by immunofluorescence microscopy (IFA) for oocysts of Cryptosporidium. Gill washings from another 25 shellfish at each site were grouped into five pools of five shellfish each. DNA from each pool was utilized for PCR and genotyping. Oocysts were found in 3.7% of 925 oysters and clams examined by IFA in shellfish from New Brunswick and 11 of 13 states. Cryptosporidium DNA was detected by PCR in 35.2% of 185 pools. Cryptosporidium parvum genotypes 1 and 2, and Cryptosporidium meleagridis,all of which have been identified in infected humans, were identified at 37.8% of the sites. Gill washings from every site were tested for the presence of infectious oocysts by biological assay in neonatal BALB/c mice but no mice were found infected, suggesting that either the oocysts were no longer infectious or infections in mice were below the level of detection. Collectively, these findings indicate that Cryptosporidium species, indicative of pollution from human and animal feces and potentially infectious for humans, were found in commercial shellfish from 64.9% of sites examined along the Atlantic coast by either microscopy or molecular testing. Previous reports link periods of high rainfall with the elevated numbers of pathogen contaminated shellfish. Because shellfish in the present study were examined during a period of exceptionally low precipitation, the data are thought to underestimate the number of Cryptosporidium contaminated shellfish likely to be found during periods of normal or above normal precipitation. JF - Parasitology research AU - Fayer, R AU - Trout, J M AU - Lewis, E J AU - Santin, M AU - Zhou, L AU - Lal, A A AU - Xiao, L AD - Animal Waste Pathogen Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. rfayer@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 141 EP - 145 VL - 89 IS - 2 SN - 0932-0113, 0932-0113 KW - Index Medicus KW - Microscopy, Fluorescence KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Base Sequence KW - Food Microbiology KW - Cryptosporidiosis -- parasitology KW - Mice KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Fisheries KW - Cryptosporidium -- growth & development KW - Shellfish -- parasitology KW - Cryptosporidium -- genetics KW - Cryptosporidium -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72892297?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Parasitology+research&rft.atitle=Contamination+of+Atlantic+coast+commercial+shellfish+with+Cryptosporidium.&rft.au=Fayer%2C+R%3BTrout%2C+J+M%3BLewis%2C+E+J%3BSantin%2C+M%3BZhou%2C+L%3BLal%2C+A+A%3BXiao%2C+L&rft.aulast=Fayer&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=141&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Parasitology+research&rft.issn=09320113&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-07 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Insulin and amino acids independently stimulate skeletal muscle protein synthesis in neonatal pigs. AN - 72886923; 12388131 AB - Infusion of physiological levels of insulin and/or amino acids reproduces the feeding-induced stimulation of muscle protein synthesis in neonates. To determine whether insulin and amino acids independently stimulate skeletal muscle protein synthesis in neonates, insulin secretion was blocked with somatostatin in fasted 7-day-old pigs (n = 8-12/group) while glucose and glucagon were maintained at fasting levels and insulin was infused to simulate either less than fasting, fasting, intermediate, or fed insulin levels. At each dose of insulin, amino acids were clamped at either the fasting or fed level; at the highest insulin dose, amino acids were also reduced to less than fasting levels. Skeletal muscle protein synthesis was measured using a flooding dose of l-[4-(3)H]phenylalanine. Hyperinsulinemia increased protein synthesis in skeletal muscle during hypoaminoacidemia and euaminoacidemia. Hyperaminoacidemia increased muscle protein synthesis during hypoinsulinemia and euinsulinemia. There was a dose-response effect of both insulin and amino acids on muscle protein synthesis. At each insulin dose, hyperaminoacidemia increased muscle protein synthesis. The effects of insulin and amino acids on muscle protein synthesis were largely additive until maximal rates of protein synthesis were achieved. Amino acids enhanced basal protein synthesis rates but did not enhance the sensitivity or responsiveness of muscle protein synthesis to insulin. The results suggest that insulin and amino acids independently stimulate protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of the neonate. JF - American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism AU - O'Connor, Pamela M J AU - Bush, Jill A AU - Suryawan, Agus AU - Nguyen, Hanh V AU - Davis, Teresa A AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Children's Nutrition Research Center and Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - E110 EP - E119 VL - 284 IS - 1 SN - 0193-1849, 0193-1849 KW - Amino Acids KW - 0 KW - Amino Acids, Branched-Chain KW - Insulin KW - Muscle Proteins KW - Tritium KW - 10028-17-8 KW - Phenylalanine KW - 47E5O17Y3R KW - Somatostatin KW - 51110-01-1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Somatostatin -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Kinetics KW - Food KW - Fasting KW - Phenylalanine -- administration & dosage KW - Amino Acids, Branched-Chain -- blood KW - Insulin -- blood KW - Insulin -- secretion KW - Insulin -- pharmacology KW - Amino Acids -- pharmacology KW - Amino Acids -- blood KW - Animals, Newborn -- metabolism KW - Swine -- metabolism KW - Muscle, Skeletal -- metabolism KW - Muscle, Skeletal -- drug effects KW - Muscle Proteins -- biosynthesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72886923?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+physiology.+Endocrinology+and+metabolism&rft.atitle=Insulin+and+amino+acids+independently+stimulate+skeletal+muscle+protein+synthesis+in+neonatal+pigs.&rft.au=O%27Connor%2C+Pamela+M+J%3BBush%2C+Jill+A%3BSuryawan%2C+Agus%3BNguyen%2C+Hanh+V%3BDavis%2C+Teresa+A&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=Pamela+M&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=284&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=E110&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+physiology.+Endocrinology+and+metabolism&rft.issn=01931849&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-10 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of feeding solanidine, solasodine and tomatidine to non-pregnant and pregnant mice. AN - 72882861; 12453729 AB - The aglycone forms of three steroidal glycoalkaloids-solanidine (derived by hydrolytic removal of the carbohydrate side chain from the potato glycoalkaloids alpha-chaconine and alpha-solanine), solasodine (derived from solasonine in eggplants) and tomatidine (derived from alpha-tomatine in tomatoes)-were evaluated for their effects on liver weight increase (hepatomegaly) in non-pregnant and pregnant mice and on fecundity in pregnant mice fed for 14 days on a diet containing 2.4 mmol/kg of aglycone. In non-pregnant mice, observed ratios of % liver weights to body weights (%LW/BWs) were significantly greater than those of the control values as follows (all values in % vs matched controls+/-S.D.): solanidine, 25.5+/-13.2; solasodine 16.8+/-12.0; and tomatidine, 6.0+/-7.1. The corresponding increases in pregnant mice were: solanidine, 5.3+/-10.7; solasodine, 33.1+/-15.1; tomatidine, 8.4+/-9.1. For pregnant mice (a) body weight gains were less with the algycones than with controls: solanidine, -36.1+/-14.5; solasodine, -17.9+/-14.3; tomatidine, -11.9+/-18.1; (b) litter weights were less than controls: solanidine, -27.0+/-17.1; solasodine, -15.5+/-16.8; tomatidine, no difference; (c) the %LTW/BW ratio was less than that of the controls and was significant only for solasodine, -8.7+/-13.7; and (d) the average weight of the fetuses was less than the controls: solanidine, -11.2+/-15.2; solasodine, -11.4+/-9.4; tomatidine, no difference. Abortion of fetuses occurred in five of 24 pregnant mice on the solanidine and none on the other diets. To obtain evidence for possible mechanisms of the observed in vivo effects, the four glycoalkaloids (alpha-chaconine, alpha-solanine, solasonine and alpha-tomatine) mentioned above and the aglycones solanidine and tomatidine were also evaluated in in vitro assays for estrogenic activity. Only solanidine at 10 microM concentration exhibited an increase in the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell proliferation assay. Generally, the biological effects of solanidine differ from those of the parent potato glycoalkaloids. Possible mechanisms of these effects and the implication of the results for food safety and plant physiology are discussed. JF - Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association AU - Friedman, Mendel AU - Henika, P R AU - Mackey, B E AD - Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA. mfried@pw.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 61 EP - 71 VL - 41 IS - 1 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - Receptors, Estrogen KW - 0 KW - Solanaceous Alkaloids KW - tomatidine KW - 2B73S48786 KW - Tomatine KW - 31U6547O08 KW - Diosgenin KW - K49P2K8WLX KW - solasodine KW - L40Y453Y96 KW - solanidine KW - W7801OHM8B KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Litter Size -- drug effects KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured -- drug effects KW - Random Allocation KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Breast Neoplasms KW - Mice KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Pregnancy KW - Abortion, Veterinary -- chemically induced KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Hepatomegaly -- chemically induced KW - Adenocarcinoma KW - Female KW - Pregnancy Outcome KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Liver -- anatomy & histology KW - Tomatine -- chemistry KW - Receptors, Estrogen -- drug effects KW - Tomatine -- toxicity KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Solanaceous Alkaloids -- chemistry KW - Tomatine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Solanaceous Alkaloids -- toxicity KW - Fertility -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72882861?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.atitle=Effect+of+feeding+solanidine%2C+solasodine+and+tomatidine+to+non-pregnant+and+pregnant+mice.&rft.au=Friedman%2C+Mendel%3BHenika%2C+P+R%3BMackey%2C+B+E&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=Mendel&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-13 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aqueous-phase disappearance of atrazine, metolachlor, and chlorpyrifos in laboratory aquaria and outdoor macrocosms. AN - 72876509; 12434220 AB - Dissipation processes are described for a combination of commonly used pesticides-atrazine (6-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino- s-triazine), metolachlor (2-chloro- N-[2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenyl]- N-[2-methoxy-1-methylethyl] acetamide), and chlorpyrifos ( O-O diethyl O-[3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl] phosphorothioate)-in a laboratory and outdoor pond systems. Dosing rates and timing were designed to duplicate those common in the mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain, USA. Treatments ranged from 2 and 2.5 mg/L to 0.2 and 0.25 mg/L respectively for atrazine and metolachlor, and chlorpyrifos was added at 1.0 and 0.1 mg/L in the aquaria and at 0.1 mg/L in the outdoor macrocosms. Chlorpyrifos disappearance was rapid in all of the systems and followed a two-phase sequence. Initial half-lives varied from 0.16 day to 0.38 day and showed similar rates in the aquaria and the outdoor systems. The second phase of the chlorpyrifis loss pattern was slower (18-20 days) in all the treatments except for the low herbicide treatment in the outdoor test, where it was 3.4 days. Compared to the outdoor system, herbicide losses were much slower in the aquaria, e.g., 150 days for atrazine and 55 days for metolachlor, and no appreciable loss of herbicide was apparent in the high-treated aquaria. In the outdoor systems, the half-lives for the low herbicide treatment were 27 days and 12 days, respectively, for atrazine and metolachlor, and 48 and 20 days, respectively for the high herbicide-treated pond. Very low levels of CIAT (6-amino-2-chloro-4-iso-propylamino- s-triazine) and CEAT (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-ethylamino- s-triazine), degradation products of atrazine, were observed in the outdoor studies. JF - Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology AU - Mazanti, L AU - Rice, C AU - Bialek, K AU - Sparling, D AU - Stevenson, C AU - Johnson, W E AU - Kangas, P AU - Rheinstein, J AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Wetland Science Institute, 12311 Beech Forest Rd., Laurel, Maryland 20708, USA. Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 67 EP - 76 VL - 44 IS - 1 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - Acetamides KW - 0 KW - Herbicides KW - Insecticides KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Chlorpyrifos KW - JCS58I644W KW - Atrazine KW - QJA9M5H4IM KW - metolachlor KW - X0I01K05X2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Half-Life KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Chlorpyrifos -- analysis KW - Acetamides -- analysis KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- analysis KW - Herbicides -- analysis KW - Atrazine -- analysis KW - Insecticides -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72876509?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Aqueous-phase+disappearance+of+atrazine%2C+metolachlor%2C+and+chlorpyrifos+in+laboratory+aquaria+and+outdoor+macrocosms.&rft.au=Mazanti%2C+L%3BRice%2C+C%3BBialek%2C+K%3BSparling%2C+D%3BStevenson%2C+C%3BJohnson%2C+W+E%3BKangas%2C+P%3BRheinstein%2C+J&rft.aulast=Mazanti&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.issn=00904341&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-13 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nutritional consequences of food processing. AN - 71594922; 15806931 AB - A variety of methods are used to process foods: if they are not edible, to render them so; to permit storage; to alter texture and flavor; to destroy microorganisms and other toxins. These methods include heating (baking, cooking, frying, microwaving), freezing, and high pH. It is a paradox of nature that the processing of foods can improve, nutrition, quality, and safety; yet, occasionally these processing alternatives can lead to the formation of anti-nutritional and toxic compounds. These multi-faceted consequences of food processing result from molecular interactions among nutrients and with other food ingredients, both natural and added. This paper outlines the following aspects of processing-induced formation of novel food ingredients and the resulting consequences for nutrition: protein-polyphenol and protein-carbohydrate enzymatic and non-enzymatic browning reactions; formation of heterocyclic amines in meat; inactivation of soybean inhibitors of digestive enzymes; formation of lysinoalanine and D-amino acids in food proteins; and the stability of phenolic compounds to high pH. Possible approaches to prevent the formation of deleterious food ingredients are also addressed. JF - Forum of nutrition AU - Friedman, Mendel AD - Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Albany, California 94710, USA. mfried@pw.usda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 350 EP - 352 VL - 56 SN - 1660-0347, 1660-0347 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - Heterocyclic Compounds KW - Mutagens KW - Phenols KW - Index Medicus KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- adverse effects KW - Carcinogens -- administration & dosage KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Nutritive Value KW - Maillard Reaction KW - Humans KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Heterocyclic Compounds -- adverse effects KW - Mutagens -- administration & dosage KW - Phenols -- analysis KW - Mutagens -- adverse effects KW - Chemical Phenomena KW - Heterocyclic Compounds -- analysis KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- analysis KW - Carcinogens -- adverse effects KW - Chemistry, Physical KW - Food Handling -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71594922?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Primary+Health+Care+Research+and+Development&rft.atitle=Listening+to+Australian+indigenous+men%3A+Stories+of+incarceration+and+hope&rft.au=Macdonald%2C+John%3BScholes%2C+Tony%3BPowell%2C+Kay&rft.aulast=Macdonald&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2016-11-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=568&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Primary+Health+Care+Research+and+Development&rft.issn=14634236&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017%2FS1463423616000256 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-07-12 N1 - Date created - 2005-04-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fertilizer rate and beta-galactosidase and peroxidase activity in pepper fruit at different stages and years of harvest. AN - 71594878; 15366264 AB - Beta-galactosidase and peroxidase are enzymes reported to have roles in pepper maturation. Fertilizer rate may affect activity of these enzymes in fruit maturing on the plant. Nine pepper cultivars, five non-pungent and four pungent, were fertilized at two rates in field plots in 1997 and 1998 at Lane, OK, USA. Fruit were harvested at mature green, turning, and red color developmental stages, and assayed for beta-galactosidase and peroxidase activity. Overall fruit beta-galactosidase activity increased as fertilizer rate increased, and was highest in red fruit. Fertilizer rate and fruit developmental stage did not affect peroxidase activity in 1997, but peroxidase activity was highest in red fruit in 1998. Enzyme activity appeared to be cultivar dependent, and patterns differed in both years. Activities of both enzymes were higher at the red stage in many of the non-pungent peppers than in pungent peppers. These data suggest that increased fertilizer affects the activity of at least one enzyme in fruit maturing on the plant. Cultural practices affecting enzyme activity may be used to modify concentrations of components in plants that are important for human consumption. JF - Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands) AU - Russo, V M AU - Biles, C L AD - USDA, ARS, South Central Agricultural Research Laboratory, POB 159, Lane, OK 74555, USA. Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 231 EP - 239 VL - 58 IS - 3 SN - 0921-9668, 0921-9668 KW - Fertilizers KW - 0 KW - Peroxidase KW - EC 1.11.1.7 KW - beta-Galactosidase KW - EC 3.2.1.23 KW - Index Medicus KW - Nutritive Value KW - Humans KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Time Factors KW - beta-Galactosidase -- drug effects KW - beta-Galactosidase -- metabolism KW - Capsicum -- drug effects KW - Capsicum -- growth & development KW - Peroxidase -- metabolism KW - Peroxidase -- drug effects KW - Fertilizers -- adverse effects KW - Capsicum -- enzymology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71594878?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+foods+for+human+nutrition+%28Dordrecht%2C+Netherlands%29&rft.atitle=Fertilizer+rate+and+beta-galactosidase+and+peroxidase+activity+in+pepper+fruit+at+different+stages+and+years+of+harvest.&rft.au=Russo%2C+V+M%3BBiles%2C+C+L&rft.aulast=Russo&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=231&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+foods+for+human+nutrition+%28Dordrecht%2C+Netherlands%29&rft.issn=09219668&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-10-05 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fumonisin and beauvericin induce apoptosis in turkey peripheral blood lymphocytes. AN - 71462019; 14682463 AB - Fumonisins, a family of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium verticillioides (synonym Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon) and F. proliferatum, have been associated with various deleterious effects in different animal species. Serological, hematological and pathological effects and mortality have previously been observed in broiler chicks fed F. proliferatum culture material containing known concentrations of fumonisin, moniliformin and beauvericin. Turkey peripheral blood lymphocytes were exposed in vitro for 72 hours to fumonisin B1 (FB1), fumonisin B2 (FB2), hydrolyzed fumonisin B1 (HFB1), moniliformin and tricarballylic acid (TCA) (0.01-25 microg/ml). A decrease in cell proliferation, as determined by the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] bioassay, occurred in the order: FB2 > FB1 > HFB1, with IC50 = 0.6 microM, 1 microM and 10 microM, respectively. Internucleosomal DNA fragmentation and morphological features characteristic of apoptosis were observed following exposure to fumonisin B1 and beauvericin; cytoplasmic condensation and membrane blebbing were seen by light microscopy. Tricarballylic acid and moniliformin did not interfere with cell proliferation. Results suggested that fumonisin B1 and beauvericin may affect immune functions by suppressing proliferation and inducing apoptosis of lymphocytes. JF - Mycopathologia AU - Dombrink-Kurtzman, Mary Ann AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA. dombrink@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 357 EP - 364 VL - 156 IS - 4 SN - 0301-486X, 0301-486X KW - Cyclobutanes KW - 0 KW - Depsipeptides KW - Formazans KW - Fumonisins KW - Peptides KW - Tetrazolium Salts KW - Tricarboxylic Acids KW - MTT formazan KW - 23305-68-2 KW - beauvericin KW - 26S048LS2R KW - moniliformin KW - 31876-38-7 KW - tricarballylic acid KW - RA5QH2J020 KW - Index Medicus KW - Formazans -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Tricarboxylic Acids -- toxicity KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Cyclobutanes -- toxicity KW - Cell Division -- physiology KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - DNA Fragmentation -- drug effects KW - Electrophoresis, Agar Gel -- veterinary KW - DNA Fragmentation -- physiology KW - Tetrazolium Salts -- metabolism KW - Apoptosis -- physiology KW - Apoptosis -- drug effects KW - Fumonisins -- toxicity KW - Turkeys -- blood KW - Lymphocytes -- cytology KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Peptides -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71462019?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycopathologia&rft.atitle=Fumonisin+and+beauvericin+induce+apoptosis+in+turkey+peripheral+blood+lymphocytes.&rft.au=Dombrink-Kurtzman%2C+Mary+Ann&rft.aulast=Dombrink-Kurtzman&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=156&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=357&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycopathologia&rft.issn=0301486X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-09 N1 - Date created - 2003-12-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Substrate-induced lipase gene expression and aflatoxin production in Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus flavus. AN - 71397560; 14633008 AB - To establish a relationship between lipase gene expression and aflatoxin production by cloning the lipA gene and studying its expression pattern in several aflatoxigenic and nontoxigenic isolates of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. We have cloned a gene, lipA, that encodes a lipase involved in the breakdown of lipids from aflatoxin-producing A. flavus, A. parasiticus and two nonaflatoxigenic A. flavus isolates, wool-1 and wool-2. The lipA gene was transcribed under diverse media conditions, however, no mature mRNA was detected unless the growth medium was supplemented with 0.5% soya bean or peanut oil or the fungus was grown in lipid-rich medium such as coconut medium. The expression of the lipase gene (mature mRNA) under substrate-induced conditions correlated well with aflatoxin production in aflatoxigenic species A. flavus (SRRC 1007) and A. parasiticus (SRRC 143). Substrate-induced lipase gene expression might be indirectly related to aflatoxin formation by providing the basic building block 'acetate' for aflatoxin synthesis. No direct relationship between lipid metabolism and aflatoxin production can be ascertained, however, lipase gene expression correlates well with aflatoxin formation. Lipid substrate induces and promotes aflatoxin formation. It gives insight into genetic and biochemical aspects of aflatoxin formation. JF - Journal of applied microbiology AU - Yu, J AU - Mohawed, S M AU - Bhatnagar, D AU - Cleveland, T E AD - USDA/ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA, USA. jiuyu@srrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 1334 EP - 1342 VL - 95 IS - 6 SN - 1364-5072, 1364-5072 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - Culture Media KW - LipA protein, Bacteria KW - Lipids KW - Lipase KW - EC 3.1.1.3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Aspergillus flavus -- genetics KW - Genes, Bacterial KW - Bacterial Proteins -- genetics KW - Aspergillus flavus -- enzymology KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Lipids -- pharmacology KW - Chromatography, Thin Layer KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Aspergillus flavus -- metabolism KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Aflatoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Aspergillus -- genetics KW - Aspergillus -- enzymology KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic -- drug effects KW - Lipase -- genetics KW - Aspergillus -- metabolism KW - Lipase -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71397560?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+applied+microbiology&rft.atitle=Substrate-induced+lipase+gene+expression+and+aflatoxin+production+in+Aspergillus+parasiticus+and+Aspergillus+flavus.&rft.au=Yu%2C+J%3BMohawed%2C+S+M%3BBhatnagar%2C+D%3BCleveland%2C+T+E&rft.aulast=Yu&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1334&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+applied+microbiology&rft.issn=13645072&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-15 N1 - Date created - 2003-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Impact of China' WTO Accession on Patterns of World Trade AN - 60658340; 200315669 AB - This paper evaluates the impact of the People's Republic of China's WTO accession on patterns of world trade & economic growth by a recursive dynamic, 17-region, 25-sector computable general equilibrium (CGE) model with import embodied technology transfer based on actual market access commitments that China & Taiwan have made to date. The simulation results show that the major gains from WTO accession would accrue to China itself, but the rest of the world, especially developed countries & Asian newly industrialized economies, as well as least developed countries, would also benefit due to the expansion of world trade & improvement of their international terms of trade. Only certain developing countries with an endowment structure similar to China, like those in South America & Southeast Asia, may experience keener competition in labor-intensive exports & lower prices for their products. 4 Tables, 14 Figures, 18 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Journal of Policy Modeling AU - Wang, Zhi AD - School Computational Science, George Mason U, Washington, DC zwang@ers.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 1 EP - 41 VL - 25 IS - 1 SN - 0161-8938, 0161-8938 KW - World Economy KW - Peoples Republic of China KW - Economic Development KW - International Economic Organizations KW - International Trade KW - article KW - 9141: political economy; political economy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60658340?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awpsa&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Policy+Modeling&rft.atitle=The+Impact+of+China%27+WTO+Accession+on+Patterns+of+World+Trade&rft.au=Wang%2C+Zhi&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Zhi&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Policy+Modeling&rft.issn=01618938&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Worldwide Political Science Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - JPMOD5 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - International Economic Organizations; International Trade; Economic Development; World Economy; Peoples Republic of China ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New Opportunities for Social Research on Forest Landowners in the South AN - 60522212; 200514243 AB - Many of the issues of importance to forest management & policy have important social components. Yet, in the South, social research on forests has lagged behind economic & biophysical research. In this paper we identify some important new opportunities for social research on forests in the South, focusing on non industrual private forests because they represent the majority of the South's timberland. We identify six important areas for social research. One, research on diversity of forest land owners & how different landowners relate to & use their forests. Two, social relationships of forest landowners, including household & family structure & social network analysis. Three, research that applies recent advances in common pool resource management to issues such as forest health & water quality. Four, qualitative research that seeks to understand how environmental values are constructed & operate in complex decision-making processes & social relationships. Five, work on forest-related rural development, non-urbanizing areas of the South that have been affected by globalization & declines in agriculture. Six, research on urbanization & forests. 27 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Southern Rural Sociology AU - Schelhas, John AU - Zabawa, Robert AU - Milnar, Joseph J AD - Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Tuskegee U Y1 - 2003///0, PY - 2003 DA - 0, 2003 SP - 60 EP - 69 VL - 19 IS - 2 SN - 0885-3436, 0885-3436 KW - Southern States KW - Sociological Research KW - Forestry KW - article KW - 1116: rural sociology and agriculture; rural sociology (village, agriculture) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60522212?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southern+Rural+Sociology&rft.atitle=New+Opportunities+for+Social+Research+on+Forest+Landowners+in+the+South&rft.au=Schelhas%2C+John%3BZabawa%2C+Robert%3BMilnar%2C+Joseph+J&rft.aulast=Schelhas&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=60&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southern+Rural+Sociology&rft.issn=08853436&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Number of references - 27 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - SRSLF5 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Forestry; Sociological Research; Southern States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geochemical baselines and human health AN - 51945590; 2003-065929 JF - Open-File Report - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Smith, David B AU - Goldhaber, Martin B AU - Wilson, Michael A AU - Burt, Rebecca Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 68 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA SN - 0196-1497, 0196-1497 KW - United States KW - soils KW - pollutants KW - regulations KW - pollution KW - bioavailability KW - vegetation KW - organic compounds KW - pesticides KW - USGS KW - geochemistry KW - heavy metals KW - public health KW - microorganisms KW - baseline studies KW - 22:Environmental geology KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51945590?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=Geochemical+baselines+and+human+health&rft.au=Smith%2C+David+B%3BGoldhaber%2C+Martin+B%3BWilson%2C+Michael+A%3BBurt%2C+Rebecca&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=68&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=01961497&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-097/ https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/browse/usgs-publications/OFR LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Natural science and public health; prescription for a better environment N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - SuppNotes - Accessed on Sept. 3, 2003 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-16 N1 - CODEN - XGROAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - baseline studies; bioavailability; geochemistry; heavy metals; microorganisms; organic compounds; pesticides; pollutants; pollution; public health; regulations; soils; United States; USGS; vegetation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating ground water yield in small research basins AN - 51846154; 2004-039051 AB - An analysis of ground water recharge in 32 small research watersheds shows the average flow of ground water out of the watershed (deep seepage) is 45% of streamflow and ranges from 8 to 350 mm/year when apportioned over the watershed area. It is time to meld ground water and small watershed science. The use of well networks and the evaluation of ground water well hydrographs or the use of ground water models to estimate deep seepage from small research basins is highly recommended. Future investigators are now armed with better tools necessary to estimate all the water and nutrients and have no need to quietly assume deep seepage is zero. JF - Ground Water AU - Verry, Elon S Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 1001 EP - 1004 PB - National Ground Water Association, Westerville, OH VL - 41 IS - 7 SN - 0017-467X, 0017-467X KW - United States KW - Spermatophyta KW - erosion KW - watersheds KW - water management KW - Coniferales KW - vegetation KW - seepage KW - ground water KW - environmental management KW - hydrographs KW - movement KW - drainage basins KW - discharge KW - chemical composition KW - deforestation KW - networks KW - hydrology KW - Plantae KW - Coniferae KW - Gymnospermae KW - forestry KW - research KW - aquifers KW - nutrients KW - models KW - recharge KW - runoff KW - Pinaceae KW - trees KW - water wells KW - land use KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51846154?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ground+Water&rft.atitle=Estimating+ground+water+yield+in+small+research+basins&rft.au=Verry%2C+Elon+S&rft.aulast=Verry&rft.aufirst=Elon&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1001&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ground+Water&rft.issn=0017467X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1745-6584 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 8 N1 - PubXState - OH N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-25 N1 - CODEN - GRWAAP N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; chemical composition; Coniferae; Coniferales; deforestation; discharge; drainage basins; environmental management; erosion; forestry; ground water; Gymnospermae; hydrographs; hydrology; land use; models; movement; networks; nutrients; Pinaceae; Plantae; recharge; research; runoff; seepage; Spermatophyta; trees; United States; vegetation; water management; water wells; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil erosion and land use policy in Iceland in relation to sheep grazing and government subsidies AN - 51845941; 2004-042795 JF - Environmental Science and Policy AU - Arnalds, O AU - Barkarson, B H A2 - Boardman, John Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 105 EP - 113 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 6 IS - 1 SN - 1462-9011, 1462-9011 KW - soils KW - protection KW - degradation KW - agricultural waste KW - Western Europe KW - erosion KW - damage KW - agriculture KW - Europe KW - cost KW - preventive measures KW - nutrients KW - grasses KW - land management KW - policy KW - economics KW - ecology KW - waste disposal KW - soil erosion KW - industry KW - Iceland KW - land use KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51845941?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+and+Policy&rft.atitle=Soil+erosion+and+land+use+policy+in+Iceland+in+relation+to+sheep+grazing+and+government+subsidies&rft.au=Arnalds%2C+O%3BBarkarson%2C+B+H&rft.aulast=Arnalds&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+and+Policy&rft.issn=14629011&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/14629011 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 28 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agricultural waste; agriculture; cost; damage; degradation; ecology; economics; erosion; Europe; grasses; Iceland; industry; land management; land use; nutrients; policy; preventive measures; protection; soil erosion; soils; waste disposal; Western Europe ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a remote sensing-snowmelt runoff forecasting system in the Rio Grande Basin AN - 51756758; 2005-014425 JF - Proceedings of the Western Snow Conference AU - Rango, A AU - Gomez-Landesa, E AU - Havstad, K AU - Bleiweiss, M AU - Tanksley, K AU - DeWalle, D AU - Martinec, J AU - Kite, G Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 95 EP - 101 PB - Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO VL - 71 SN - 0161-0589, 0161-0589 KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - snowmelt KW - rainfall KW - watersheds KW - water management KW - prediction KW - Texas KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - New Mexico KW - Southwestern U.S. KW - satellite methods KW - evapotranspiration KW - snowpack KW - Mexico KW - snow KW - runoff KW - Rio Grande Valley KW - Colorado KW - water resources KW - rain KW - remote sensing KW - meltwater KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51756758?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+physiology.+Endocrinology+and+metabolism&rft.atitle=Stimulation+of+protein+synthesis+by+both+insulin+and+amino+acids+is+unique+to+skeletal+muscle+in+neonatal+pigs.&rft.au=Davis%2C+Teresa+A%3BFiorotto%2C+Marta+L%3BBurrin%2C+Douglas+G%3BReeds%2C+Peter+J%3BNguyen%2C+Hanh+V%3BBeckett%2C+Philip+R%3BVann%2C+Rhonda+C%3BO%27Connor%2C+Pamela+M+J&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Teresa&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=282&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=E880&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+physiology.+Endocrinology+and+metabolism&rft.issn=01931849&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.westernsnowconference.org/biblio LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Western snow conference; Seventy first annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 6 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2013-05-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atmospheric precipitation; Colorado; evapotranspiration; hydrology; meltwater; Mexico; New Mexico; prediction; rain; rainfall; remote sensing; Rio Grande Valley; runoff; satellite methods; snow; snowmelt; snowpack; Southwestern U.S.; Texas; United States; water management; water resources; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - History of ASCE's hydrology handbook AN - 51486467; 2007-019777 JF - Environmental and Water Resources History: Proceedings and Invited Papers for the ASCE Anniversary AU - Renard, Kenneth G A2 - Rogers, Jerry R A2 - Fredrich, Augustine J. Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 154 EP - 155 PB - [varies], [varies] VL - 150 KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - civil engineering KW - water quality KW - surface water KW - water management KW - pollution KW - ground water KW - history KW - publications KW - American Society of Civil Engineers KW - associations KW - risk assessment KW - manuals KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51486467?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+Water+Resources+History%3A+Proceedings+and+Invited+Papers+for+the+ASCE+Anniversary&rft.atitle=History+of+ASCE%27s+hydrology+handbook&rft.au=Renard%2C+Kenneth+G&rft.aulast=Renard&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=150&rft.issue=&rft.spage=154&rft.isbn=0784406502&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+Water+Resources+History%3A+Proceedings+and+Invited+Papers+for+the+ASCE+Anniversary&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 2002 ASCE conference and 150th anniversary (1852-2002) N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2007-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #06484 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - American Society of Civil Engineers; associations; civil engineering; ground water; history; hydrology; manuals; pollution; publications; risk assessment; surface water; United States; water management; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of geographic information systems and remote sensing for quantifying patterns of erosion and water quality AN - 27944110; 200308-61-0409 (CE); 05592289 (EN) AB - This article discusses the Application of geographic information systems and remote sensing for quantifying patterns of erosion and water quality JF - Hydrological Processes AU - Ritchie, J C AU - Walling, D E AU - Peters, J AD - USDA ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, BARC-West Building 007, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. jritchie@hydrolab.arsusda.gov PY - 2003 SP - 885 EP - 886 PB - John Wiley & Sons Ltd , Baffins Lane, Chichester, Sussex, PO19 1UD, UK, [mailto:cs-journals@wiley.co.uk], [URL:http://www.interscience.wiley.com] VL - 17 IS - 5 SN - 0885-6087, 0885-6087 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Water quality KW - Geographic information systems KW - Hydrology KW - Satellite navigation systems KW - Erosion KW - Remote sensing KW - Article KW - EE 40:Water Pollution: Monitoring, Control & Remediation (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/27944110?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Rapid+Fluorescence+Polarization+Immunoassay+for+the+Mycotoxin+Deoxynivalenol+in+Wheat&rft.au=Snell-Rood%2C+Claire%3BStaton-Tindall%2C+Michele%3BVictor%2C+Grant&rft.aulast=Snell-Rood&rft.aufirst=Claire&rft.date=2016-10-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=843&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Women+%26+Health&rft.issn=03630242&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F03630242.2015.1118732 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1167 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service research programs in biological control of plant diseases AN - 20725257; 5675153 AB - A number of USDA-ARS programs directed at overcoming impediments to the use of biocontrol agents on a commercial scale are described. These include improvements in screening techniques, taxonomic studies to identify beneficial strains more precisely, and studies on various aspects of the large-scale production of biocontrol agents. Another broad area of studies covers the ecological aspects of biocontrol agents-their interaction with the pathogen, with the plant and with other aspects of the environmental complex. Examples of these studies are given and their relevance to the further development and expansion of biocontrol agents is discussed. Published in 2003 for SCI by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. JF - Pest Management Science AU - Roberts, D P AU - Lohrke, S M AD - Bldg 001, Room 140, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville 20705-2350, USA, robertsd@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 654 EP - 664 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Baffins Lane Chichester W. Sussex PO19 1UD UK, [mailto:customer@wiley.co.uk], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 59 IS - 6-7 SN - 1526-498X, 1526-498X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - antibiosis KW - biological control KW - colonization KW - competition KW - fermentation KW - formulation KW - microbial communities KW - Biological control KW - Plant diseases KW - Pest control KW - Pathogens KW - Research programs KW - A 01370:Biological Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20725257?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pest+Management+Science&rft.atitle=United+States+Department+of+Agriculture-Agricultural+Research+Service+research+programs+in+biological+control+of+plant+diseases&rft.au=Roberts%2C+D+P%3BLohrke%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=6-7&rft.spage=654&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pest+Management+Science&rft.issn=1526498X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fps.613 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological control; Plant diseases; Pest control; Pathogens; Research programs DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.613 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Does initial soil P level affect water-extractable soil P response to applied P? AN - 20598311; 5564070 AB - Accelerated eutrophication of surface water is often caused by increased phosphorus (P) concentrations in runoff. Previous studies indicate that high-P soils have increased P concentrations in field runoff, but have not provided sufficient evidence that overall water quality of a watershed will improve if manure applications are simply transferred from high-P soils to lower-P soils within the same watershed. If manure applications cause the same increase in soil P regardless of initial soil P level and the relationship between soil P and runoff P concentrations is linear, then such a strategy may only shift P loading from one part of the watershed to another. However, we hypothesized that added P causes a greater increase in soil P when applied to soil that is initially higher in soil P. To test this, P was applied (154 mg kg super(-1)) as either poultry litter or inorganic phosphate to Captina soil from four sites where water-extractable soil P initially ranged from 8 to 69 mg kg super(-1). Soil moisture was returned to field capacity biweekly. After 6-month and 1-year equilibration times, each soil was analyzed again for water-extractable P, and soil P increases were correlated to initial soil P levels. All results supported our hypothesis, regardless of P source or equilibration time, but were best described by quadratic equations. Such curves suggest the hypothesis may not hold true for soils where water-extractable P levels are already above the range tested in this experiment. JF - Advances in Environmental Research AU - Pote, D H AU - Lory, JA AU - Zhang, H AD - USDA-ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center, 6883 South State Hwy. 23, Booneville, AR 72927-9214, USA, dpote@spa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 503 EP - 509 VL - 7 IS - 2 SN - 1093-0191, 1093-0191 KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - water quality KW - Soil Chemistry KW - Manure KW - poultry KW - Water Pollution Sources KW - Surface water KW - Eutrophication KW - Pollution dispersion KW - Phosphorus KW - Soil Water KW - Field Capacity KW - Surface Water KW - Watersheds KW - Water quality KW - Soil KW - Testing Procedures KW - Litter KW - Animal wastes KW - Water Quality KW - Phosphates KW - Moisture Content KW - Soil moisture KW - Runoff KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20598311?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+Environmental+Research&rft.atitle=Does+initial+soil+P+level+affect+water-extractable+soil+P+response+to+applied+P%3F&rft.au=Pote%2C+D+H%3BLory%2C+JA%3BZhang%2C+H&rft.aulast=Pote&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=503&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+Environmental+Research&rft.issn=10930191&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1093-0191%2802%2900020-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Manure; Eutrophication; Pollution dispersion; Water quality; Watersheds; Runoff; Soil; water quality; Litter; Phosphates; Animal wastes; poultry; Surface water; Phosphorus; Soil moisture; Testing Procedures; Soil Chemistry; Water Pollution Sources; Water Quality; Surface Water; Field Capacity; Soil Water; Moisture Content DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1093-0191(02)00020-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Release Rates of Manure-Borne Coliform Bacteria from Data on Leaching through Stony Soil AN - 20188461; 6495250 AB - Manures are sources of several human pathogens that can potentially contribute to surface and groundwater contamination. Microorganisms must first be released from the manure matrix before they can infiltrate into and leach through the vadose zone. The objective of this study was to estimate rates of rainfall-induced release of fecal coliform (FC) from surface-applied bovine manure. Simulated rainfall of 7.1 cm h super(-1) was applied to the surface of 90- cm-long lysimeters filled with the undisturbed stony soil. When the steady state was reached, clumps of manure were placed on the surface. Rainfall was continued for about 5 h after application of manure, and 10-min leachate portions were analyzed for turbidity and FC. The convective-dispersive equation with linear adsorption-exclusion and the first-order removal-regrowth terms was used as a model of the coliform transport in soil. Asymptotic properties of the solution of this equation with the exponentially decreasing boundary concentration were used to infer the release rate constant from the FC breakthrough curves. A value of 0.0054 plus or minus 0.0015 min super(-1) was found for the FC release rate constant. The regression line of reduced coliform concentrations on reduced turbidity values was not significantly different from the one-to-one line; R super(2) was 0.807. Assuming that turbidity can be used as a measure of concentration of manure particulates in leachates, we found that average values for the release rate constants were not significantly different for FC and manure particulates. The average velocity of bacteria and manure particulates transport was about seven times larger than the average pore velocity. The proposed technique of estimating FC and manure release rates shows promise for use in further studies needed to elucidate and assess factors affecting release rate. JF - Vadose Zone Journal AU - Shelton, Daniel R AU - Pachepsky, Yakov A AU - Sadeghi, Ali M AU - Stout, William L AU - Karns, Jeffrey S AU - Gburek, William J AD - U.S. Dep. of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Animal Waste Pathogens Laboratory, Bldg. 173, BARC-East, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, ypachepsky@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 34 EP - 39 PB - Soil Science Society of America, 677 South Segoe Rd Maxison WI 53711 USA, [URL:http://www.soils.org/] VL - 2 IS - 1 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Pollution Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Animal wastes KW - Manure KW - Surface water KW - A 01450:Environmental Pollution & Waste Treatment KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - J 02320:Cell Biology KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20188461?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vadose+Zone+Journal&rft.atitle=Release+Rates+of+Manure-Borne+Coliform+Bacteria+from+Data+on+Leaching+through+Stony+Soil&rft.au=Shelton%2C+Daniel+R%3BPachepsky%2C+Yakov+A%3BSadeghi%2C+Ali+M%3BStout%2C+William+L%3BKarns%2C+Jeffrey+S%3BGburek%2C+William+J&rft.aulast=Shelton&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=34&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vadose+Zone+Journal&rft.issn=1539-1663&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-11 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Manure; Surface water ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement and data analysis methods for field-scale wind erosion studies and model validation AN - 19946953; 5749177 AB - Accurate and reliable methods of measuring windblown sediment are needed to confirm, validate, and improve erosion models, assess the intensity of aeolian processes and related damage, determine the source of pollutants, and for other applications. This paper outlines important principles to consider in conducting field-scale wind erosion studies and proposes strategies of field data collection for use in model validation and development. Detailed discussions include consideration of field characteristics, sediment sampling, and meteorological stations. The field shape used in field-scale wind erosion research is generally a matter of preference and in many studies may not have practical significance. Maintaining a clear non-erodible boundary is necessary to accurately determine erosion fetch distance. A field length of about 300 m may be needed in many situations to approach transport capacity for saltation flux in bare agricultural fields. Field surface conditions affect the wind profile and other processes such as sediment emission, transport, and deposition and soil erodibility. Knowledge of the temporal variation in surface conditions is necessary to understand aeolian processes. Temporal soil properties that impact aeolian processes include surface roughness, dry aggregate size distribution, dry aggregate stability, and crust characteristics. Use of a portable 2 tall anemometer tower should be considered to quantify variability of friction velocity and aerodynamic roughness caused by surface conditions in field-scale studies. The types of samplers used for sampling aeolian sediment will vary depending upon the type of sediment to be measured. The Big Spring Number Eight (BSNE) and Modified Wilson and Cooke (MWAC) samplers appear to be the most popular for field studies of saltation. Suspension flux may be measured with commercially available instruments after modifications are made to ensure isokinetic conditions at high wind speeds. Meteorological measurements should include wind speed and direction, air temperature, solar radiation, relative humidity, rain amount, soil temperature and moisture. Careful consideration of the climatic, sediment, and soil surface characteristics observed in future field-scale wind erosion studies will ensure maximum use of the data collected. JF - Earth Surface Processes and Landforms AU - Zobeck, T M AU - Sterk, G AU - Funk, R AU - Rajot, J L AU - Stout, JE AU - Van Pelt, RS AD - Wind Erosion and Water Conservation Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 3810 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79415, USA, tzobeck@lbk.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 1163 EP - 1188 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Baffins Lane Chichester W. Sussex PO19 1UD UK, [mailto:customer@wiley.co.uk], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 28 IS - 11 SN - 0197-9337, 0197-9337 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - wind erosion KW - saltation KW - aeolian processes KW - dust KW - sediment KW - Sediment pollution KW - Data collection KW - USA, Iowa, Big Spring KW - air temperature KW - Climate KW - Velocity KW - Humidity KW - landforms KW - agricultural land KW - Soil erosion KW - Measuring instruments KW - Solar radiation KW - soil temperature KW - soil properties KW - Aerodynamics KW - Meteorology KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19946953?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.atitle=Measurement+and+data+analysis+methods+for+field-scale+wind+erosion+studies+and+model+validation&rft.au=Zobeck%2C+T+M%3BSterk%2C+G%3BFunk%2C+R%3BRajot%2C+J+L%3BStout%2C+JE%3BVan+Pelt%2C+RS&rft.aulast=Zobeck&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.issn=01979337&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fesp.1033 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sediment pollution; Data collection; air temperature; Climate; Humidity; Velocity; wind erosion; agricultural land; landforms; Measuring instruments; Soil erosion; Solar radiation; soil temperature; soil properties; Aerodynamics; Meteorology; USA, Iowa, Big Spring DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.1033 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecological networks in urban areas - New approaches AN - 19938443; 5930849 AB - The problem of ecological networks design, and its conservation respectively, appeared to be a current trend in landscape planning not only abroad, but in Slovakia as well. The analogy of ecological networks design, under Slovak Republic conditions, is territorial system of ecological stability. Its principles, supported by legislation, are adapted to propose the system of ecostabilising elements, mainly in agricultural landscape. Based on this aspect, there is a shortage of such a tool in Slovak Republic, based on which it would be applicable to propose functional ecological networks in urban areas, so these would be in coincidence with concept of urban development, it would accept limits consequent from urban planning activities, legislation etc. The main objectives of ecological network in urban areas, should be the design of such a functional system of ecostabilising arrangement, that it will be able to decrease negative effects, it will be in coincidence with the concept of urban development, it will consider specific limits for particular landscape type, and also it will increase the ecological stability in the area. JF - Ekologia (Bratislava)/Ecology (Bratislava) AU - Rehackova, T AU - Pauditsova, E AD - University of Comenius in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Science, Department of ecosozology and fyziotactics Mlynska dolina B2, 842 15 Bratislava, The Slovak Republic, rehackova@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 108 EP - 118 VL - 22 SN - 1335-342X, 1335-342X KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Human Population; Ecology Abstracts KW - Slovakia KW - Planning KW - Conservation KW - Legislation KW - Urban environments KW - D 04700:Management KW - M1 325:Human Habitat & Natural Resource Development KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19938443?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Abomasitis+associated+with+multiple+antibiotic+resistant+Salmonella+enterica+serotype+Typhimurium+phagetype+DT104&rft.au=Carlson%2C+SA%3BStoffregen%2C+W+C%3BBolin&rft.aulast=Carlson&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=2002-03-22&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Planning; Conservation; Legislation; Urban environments; Slovakia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors that affect leaf extracellular ascorbic acid content and redox status AN - 19937063; 6619156 AB - Leaf ascorbic acid content and redox status were compared in ozone-tolerant (Provider) and ozone-sensitive (S156) genotypes of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Plants were grown in pots for 24 days under charcoal-filtered air (CF) conditions in open-top field chambers and then maintained as CF controls (29 nmol mol super(-1) ozone) or exposed to elevated ozone (71 nmol mol super(-1) ozone). Following a 10-day treatment, mature leaves of the same age were harvested early in the morning (06:00-08:00 h) or in the afternoon (13:00-15:00 h) for analysis of ascorbic acid (AA) and dehydroascorbic acid (DHA). Vacuum infiltration methods were used to separate leaf AA into apoplast and symplast fractions. The total ascorbate content [AA + DHA] of leaf tissue averaged 28% higher in Provider relative to S156, and Provider exhibited a greater capacity to maintain [AA + DHA] content under ozone stress. Apoplast [AA + DHA] content was 2-fold higher in tolerant Provider (360 nmol g super(-1) FW maximum) relative to sensitive S156 (160 nmol g super(-1) FW maximum) regardless of sampling period or treatment, supporting the hypothesis that extracellular AA is a factor in ozone tolerance. Apoplast [AA + DHA] levels were significantly higher in the afternoon than early morning for both genotypes, evidence for short-term regulation of extracellular ascorbate content. Total leaf ascorbate was primarily reduced with AA-[AA + DHA] ratios of 0.81-0.90. In contrast, apoplast AA-[AA + DHA] ratios were 0.01-0.60 and depended on genotype and ozone treatment. Provider exhibited a greater capacity to maintain extracellular AA-[AA + DHA] ratios under ozone stress, suggesting that ozone tolerance is associated with apoplast ascorbate redox status. JF - Physiologia Plantarum AU - Burkey, Kent O AU - Eason, Gwendolyn AU - Fiscus, Edwin L AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service, Box 7631, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7631, USA Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, koburkey@unity.ncsu.edu Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 51 EP - 57 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road Oxford OX4 2DQ UK, [URL:http://www.blackwellpublishing.com] VL - 117 IS - 1 SN - 0031-9317, 0031-9317 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Age KW - Infiltration KW - Stress KW - Phaseolus vulgaris KW - Genotypes KW - Ozone KW - Ozonation KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19937063?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Land+degradation%3A+An+assessment+of+the+human+impact+on+global+land+resources&rft.au=Eswaran%2C+H%3BReich%2C+P%3BBeinroth%2C+F&rft.aulast=Eswaran&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-07-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Tables, 5; references, 42. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Age; Infiltration; Stress; Genotypes; Ozonation; Ozone; Phaseolus vulgaris DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.2003.1170106.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human Health Impacts of Forest Fires in the Southern United States: A Literature Review AN - 19932259; 5710755 AB - Forestry management practices can shape patterns of health, illness, and disease. A primary goal for owners of federal, state, and private forests is to craft ecosystem management plans that simultaneously optimize forest health and human health. Fire - a major forest management issue in the United States - complicates these goals. Wildfires are natural phenomena with unpredictable effects. Controlled fires, on the other hand, are often prescribed to reduce biomass fuels, reduce wildfire risks, and protect resource values. While fires can enhance the health of fire-adapted ecosystems, research on the human health impacts of smoke from forest fires is somewhat equivocal. This article synthesizes 30 years of research on the human health impacts of forest fires. It summarizes our current state of knowledge about the following: biophysical effects of environmental contamination resulting from forest fires; psychosocial impacts of forest fires; occupational exposure issues among fire crew; visibility impairment from forest fire smoke; and health care measures that address the impacts of forest fires. This article provides information that may be useful for land managers, researchers, policy makers, health care workers, and the general public in decision-making about forest management practices. It also recommends that future research use integrative health models and adopt ethnographic research methods. JF - Journal of Ecological Anthropology AU - Fowler, C T AD - USDA Forest Service, Athens, GA, USA Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 39 EP - 63 VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 1097-2598, 1097-2598 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Human Population KW - wildfire KW - Forest management KW - Fires KW - anthropology KW - management plans KW - Forest fires KW - research methods KW - Combustion products KW - Fuels KW - Biomass KW - Environmental policy KW - Medical personnel KW - Environmental protection KW - Public health KW - Smoke KW - forest management KW - Decision making KW - USA KW - Health care KW - Reviews KW - Visibility KW - Occupational exposure KW - Forestry KW - M1 320:Environmental & Natural Resource Development KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19932259?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Bioconversions+of+agricultural+residues+to+value-added+coproducts+using+yeastlike+fungi&rft.au=Leathers%2C+T+D&rft.aulast=Leathers&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fires; Decision making; Forest management; Environmental policy; Environmental protection; Public health; wildfire; anthropology; Forest fires; management plans; Combustion products; research methods; Fuels; Biomass; Medical personnel; Smoke; forest management; Health care; Reviews; Visibility; Occupational exposure; Forestry; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Puerto Rico's Forest Inventory: Adapting the Forest Inventory and Analysis Program to a Caribbean Island AN - 19926057; 5648527 AB - Rapid changes in vegetation over short distances, high species diversity, and fragmented landscape challenge the implementation of the Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program on Puerto Rico. Applying the hexagonal FIA grid as used on the continental United States, the Forest Service is installing a new forest sampling and monitoring framework that incorporates previous inventory plots and has an expanded scope. However, an adequate description of Puerto Rico's diverse tropical forests requires additional sampling; the solution is to intensify the base systematic sampling grid. Ultimately, this framework can be used to monitor all vegetation and cover types on the island, plus fauna, soils, and air and water quality-in short, to create a comprehensive, long-term natural resources inventory and monitoring network. JF - Journal of Forestry AU - Brandeis, T J AD - International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service, PO Box 25000, San Juan, PR 00928-5000, USA, tbrandeis@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 8 EP - 13 VL - 101 IS - 1 SN - 0022-1201, 0022-1201 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Human Population KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Forest management KW - USA KW - Fauna KW - Puerto Rico KW - Tropical environment KW - Vegetation KW - Sampling KW - Water quality KW - Forestry KW - M1 320:Environmental & Natural Resource Development KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19926057?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Forestry&rft.atitle=Puerto+Rico%27s+Forest+Inventory%3A+Adapting+the+Forest+Inventory+and+Analysis+Program+to+a+Caribbean+Island&rft.au=Brandeis%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Brandeis&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=8&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Forestry&rft.issn=00221201&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental monitoring; Forest management; Fauna; Tropical environment; Vegetation; Sampling; Water quality; Forestry; USA; Puerto Rico ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Degradation of Fumigant Pesticides -- 1,3-Dichloropropene, Methyl Isothiocyanate, Chloropicrin, and Methyl Bromide AN - 19806406; 6495275 AB - Fumigant pesticides are frequently used in intensive agriculture to control nematodes, fungi, and weeds. Currently, four registered fumigants are available: 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D), methyl isothiocyanate (MITC), chloropicrin (CP), and methyl bromide (MeBr). The use of 1,3-D, MITC, and CP can be expected to increase after MeBr is completely phased out of production in the USA in 2005. In soil, the degradation of 1,3-D, MITC, CP, and MeBr occurs through both chemical and biological mechanisms. Repeated applications of the fumigants MITC and 1,3-D are known to enhance their biodegradation as a result of adapted microorganisms. Preliminary evidence suggests that the microorganisms responsible for enhanced degradation of MITC specifically target the isothiocyanate functional group. In the case of 1,3-D, a number of bacteria have been isolated that are capable of degrading 1,3-D and also using it as a sole C and energy source. Of the two isomers of 1,3-D, degradation of trans-1,3-D was found to be greater than that of cis-1,3-D in enhanced soil. Methyl bromide is mainly degraded chemically in soil by hydrolysis and methylation of nucleophilic sites on soil organic matter. Both degradation reactions occur via S sub(2)N nucleophilic substitution. Methanotrophic and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria can co-oxidize MeBr during the oxidation of methane and ammonia, respectively. The microbiological degradation of MeBr is apparently catalyzed by methane and ammonia monooxygenase. Chloropicrin can be dehalogenated by Pseudomonas spp., with the major metabolic pathway occurring through three successive reductive dehalogenations to nitromethane. JF - Vadose Zone Journal AU - Dungan, Robert S AU - Yates, Scott R AD - Animal Manure & Byproducts Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705, Rdungan@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 279 EP - 286 PB - Soil Science Society of America, 677 South Segoe Rd Maxison WI 53711 USA, [URL:http://www.soils.org/] VL - 2 IS - 3 KW - Nematodes KW - Roundworms KW - Threadworms KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Pollution Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - 1,3-Dichloropropene KW - USA KW - Degradation KW - Fumigants KW - Agrochemicals KW - Nematoda KW - A 01380:Plant Protection, Fungicides & Seed Treatments KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - J 02320:Cell Biology KW - AQ 00004:Water Treatment KW - K 03320:Cell Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19806406?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vadose+Zone+Journal&rft.atitle=Degradation+of+Fumigant+Pesticides+--+1%2C3-Dichloropropene%2C+Methyl+Isothiocyanate%2C+Chloropicrin%2C+and+Methyl+Bromide&rft.au=Dungan%2C+Robert+S%3BYates%2C+Scott+R&rft.aulast=Dungan&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vadose+Zone+Journal&rft.issn=1539-1663&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-11 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fumigants; Agrochemicals; Degradation; Nematoda; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phosphorus mobility in a karst landscape under pasture grazing system AN - 19759087; 8507435 AB - The spatial distribution and partitioning of water dissolved phosphorus fractions in the soil profile of a grazed karst sinkhole landscape were investigated. We also measured P fractions in surface runoff entering a sinkhole drain and in karst spring flow draining the study area. Grazing increased total N, C, and all forms of P of soil. Dissolved inorganic orthophosphate (DPi) was the highest in the surface soil layer and diminished significantly with depth. The proportion of dissolved unreactive phosphorus (DPu) increased with soil depth. Changes in DPu with landscape position and depth were closely correlated with changes in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) suggesting that the mobility and transport of DPu was mediated by DOC. Landscape position sampling showed molybdate reactive phosphorus (MRP) and DPu increased toward the bottom and center of sinkholes. The distribution of DPi and DPu in surface runoff and that occurring in underground watercourses confirms the significance of DPu transported into karst groundwater.Original Abstract: Mobilite du phosphore dans une zone karstique paturee. la distribution spatiale et la partition des fractions de phosphore dissoutes dans le profil de sol d'un paysage pature de dolines karstiques ont ete etudiees. Nous avons egalement mesure les fractions de P dans les eaux de surface entrant dans un drain de doline et dans l'ecoulement ressortant du karst drainant le secteur d'etude. le paturage a augmente N total, C, et toutes les formes de P de sol. L'orthophosphore inorganique dissous (DPi) etait le plus eleve dans la couche de surface du sol et reduit significativement avec la profondeur. la proportion de phosphore non reactif dissous (DPu) a augmente avec la profondeur de sol. Des changements de DPu en fonction de la position dans le paysage et de la profondeur ont ete etroitement correles avec des changements du carbone organique dissous (DOC) suggerant que la mobilite et le transport du DPu ont ete facilites par le DOC. Un echantillonnage dans le paysage a montre une augmentation de phosphore reactif au molybdate (MRP) et de DPu vers le fond et le centre des dolines. la distribution de DPi et DPu dans l'ecoulement de surface et ce qui se produit lors du transit de l'eau sous terre confirme la valeur significative du DPu transporte dans les eaux souterraines du karst. JF - Agronomy for Sustainable Development AU - Alloush, G A AU - Boyer, D G AU - Belesky, D P AU - Halvorson, J J AD - Virginia Tech, Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, 418 Smyth Hall (0403), Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA, dboyer@afsrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 593 EP - 600 PB - EDP Sciences, 17 Avenue du Hoggar Parc d'Activites de Courtaboeuf Les Ulis Cedex A BP 112 91944 France, [mailto:edps@edpsciences.org], [URL:http://www.edpsciences.org] VL - 23 IS - 6 SN - 1774-0746, 1774-0746 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Phosphorus KW - Sustainable development KW - Pasture KW - Soil KW - soil depth KW - Landscape KW - agronomy KW - Groundwater KW - grazing KW - Mobility KW - spatial distribution KW - Water springs KW - Dissolved organic carbon KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19759087?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Use+of+a+live+attenuated+Salmonella+vaccine+to+protect+hens+against+Salmonella+enteritidis+infection+during+molt&rft.au=Holt%2C+P+S%3BKelly+Aehle%2C+S%3BGast%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Holt&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Landscape; Phosphorus; Mobility; grazing; Groundwater; soil depth; Pasture; spatial distribution; Dissolved organic carbon; Water springs; agronomy; Sustainable development DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/agro:2003328 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A general model for predicting brown tree snake capture rates AN - 19700510; 5908011 AB - The inadvertent introduction of the brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis) to Guam has resulted in the extirpation of most of the island's native terrestrial vertebrates, has presented a health hazard to small children, and also has produced economic problems. Trapping around ports and other cargo staging areas is central to a program designed to deter dispersal of the species. Sequential trapping of smaller plots is also being used to clear larger areas of snakes in preparation for endangered species reintroductions. Traps and trapping personnel are limited resources, which places a premium on the ability to plan the deployment of trapping efforts. In a series of previous trapping studies, data on brown tree snake removal from forested plots was found to be well modeled by exponential decay functions. For the present article, we considered a variety of model forms and estimation procedures, and used capture data from individual plots as random subjects to produce a general random coefficients model for making predictions of brown tree snake capture rates. The best model was an exponential decay with positive asymptote produced using nonlinear mixed model estimation where variability among plots was introduced through the scale and asymptote parameters. Practical predictive abilities were used in model evaluation so that a manager could project capture rates in a plot after a period of time, or project the amount of time required for trapping to reduce capture rates to a desired level. The model should provide managers with a tool for optimizing the allocation of limited trapping resources. JF - Environmetrics AU - Engeman, Richard M AU - Groninger, NPaige AU - Vice, Daniel S AD - National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Fort Collins, CO 80521- 2154, U.S.A, richard.m.engeman@usda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 295 EP - 305 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 1180-4009, 1180-4009 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - invasive species KW - nonlinear mixed model KW - random coefficient growth curves KW - ISEW, Pacific, Northern Mariana Is., Guam KW - port installations KW - Trees KW - Economics KW - Boiga irregularis KW - Endangered species KW - Decay KW - Children KW - snakes KW - dispersal KW - reintroduction KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19700510?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmetrics&rft.atitle=A+general+model+for+predicting+brown+tree+snake+capture+rates&rft.au=Engeman%2C+Richard+M%3BGroninger%2C+NPaige%3BVice%2C+Daniel+S&rft.aulast=Engeman&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=295&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmetrics&rft.issn=11804009&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - port installations; Trees; Economics; Endangered species; Decay; Children; snakes; dispersal; reintroduction; Boiga irregularis; ISEW, Pacific, Northern Mariana Is., Guam ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nutritional value and functional properties of a hydrocolloidal soybean and oat blend for use in Asian foods AN - 19560196; 8797551 AB - A rheological study was conducted to determine the functional properties of a hydrocolloidal blend of soybean flour and oat bran, called Soytrim. Soytrim was prepared by thermomechanically processing soybean and oat products. After finding that Soytrim had similar rheological characteristics to coconut and soybean milk products, two studies were conducted to investigate its use in improving the nutritional value of some Asian foods by reducing the saturated fat content and increasing the soluble fibre content. In the first study, four Thai foods were prepared using a 60gkg-1 Soytrim suspension to replace some of the coconut milk, with subsequent sensory, chemical and physical analysis. A 750gkg-1 substitution of Soytrim for coconut milk in green chicken curry gave a 74.7% reduction in saturated fat content and a 142.8% increase in soluble fibre content. Total substition of Soytrim for coconut milk in fermented soybean dip gave a 96.2% reduction in saturated fat and a 10.6% increase in soluble fibre. Total substitution in mungbean conserve gave a 97.0% reduction in saturated fat and a 19.0% increase in soluble fibre. A 500gkg-1 substitution of soytrim for coconut milk in sweetened condensed cassava paste gave a 48.7% reduction in saturated fat and 37.5% increase in soluble fibre. Sensory evaluation of these foods revealed no distinguishable changes in acceptability at the 500gkg-1 replacement level, but unacceptability with total substitution. In the second study, more widely consumed Asian foods, soymilk and tofu, were combined with Soytrim. These foods could also be made more nutritious when combined with Soytrim at rates of substitution up to 300gkg-1, with satisfactory acceptability at this replacement level. In all the Asian foods studied, the hydrocolloidal blend of soybean flour and oat bran could add nutritional value by reducing saturated fat and increasing soluble fibre. JF - Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture AU - Inglett, George E AU - Carriere, Craig J AU - Maneepun, Saipin AU - Boonpunt, Thanawan AD - Cereal Products & Food Science Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, ARS, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 86 EP - 92 PB - John Wiley & Sons, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 83 IS - 1 SN - 0022-5142, 0022-5142 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Soybean milk KW - Manihot esculenta KW - Sensory evaluation KW - Food KW - Flour KW - Soybeans KW - W 30955:Biosensors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19560196?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Progress+of+the+national+center+for+cool+and+cold+water+aquaculture&rft.au=Rexroad%2C+C&rft.aulast=Rexroad&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soybean milk; Sensory evaluation; Food; Flour; Soybeans; Manihot esculenta DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.1221 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - It's Not Easy Being Green: Seeking the Cause of Frog Malformations AN - 19450732; 6783444 AB - Living in a pond may not seem ideal for you or me, but frogs love it. But sometimes life in a pond can serve them up some nasty surprises. During a field trip in 1995, kids from a Minnesota middle school discovered unusual characteristics in some frogs. In fact, quite a few frogs showed significant malformations: missing limbs, extra limbs, and missing eyes were all observed by the group. Initially, agricultural chemicals were thought to be the possible cause of such malformations. But other factors soon moved to the front of the list. In recent years, biologists have noticed a decline in frog populations and an increase in deformed frogs. Could these frogs be sentinels, just as canaries once warned coal miners of unsafe air conditions? Are the frogs telling us that some of the water we drink or the food we eat in our increasingly urbanized world is contaminated with certain environmental pollutants that may harm public health? Whether or not this is so or what constitutes an environmental hazard are subjects of research by a group of five ARS scientists, headed by Gerald L. Larsen, at the Red River Valley Agricultural Research Center, Fargo, North Dakota. JF - Agricultural Research AU - Durham, S AD - USDA-ARS Biosclences Research Laboratory, Red River Valley Agricultural Research Center, 1605 Alhrecht Blvd., Fargo, ND, USA, larseng@fargo.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 VL - 51 IS - 1 SN - 0002-161X, 0002-161X KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Amphibiotic species KW - agricultural research KW - Occupational safety KW - Coal KW - Freshwater KW - environmental hazards KW - Environmental factors KW - Ponds KW - Public health KW - Hazards KW - Frogs KW - Public Health KW - Agricultural Chemicals KW - schools KW - Pollutants KW - USA, North Dakota KW - river valleys KW - Rivers KW - Anura KW - biologists KW - River valleys KW - Agrochemicals KW - Education establishments KW - USA, Minnesota KW - Foods KW - Canada, Manitoba, Red R. KW - Mining KW - frogs KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19450732?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Research&rft.atitle=It%27s+Not+Easy+Being+Green%3A+Seeking+the+Cause+of+Frog+Malformations&rft.au=Durham%2C+S&rft.aulast=Durham&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Research&rft.issn=0002161X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hazards; Pollutants; Amphibiotic species; Coal; River valleys; Education establishments; Environmental factors; Ponds; Public health; schools; agricultural research; Occupational safety; biologists; Mining; frogs; environmental hazards; Agrochemicals; river valleys; Rivers; Foods; Agricultural Chemicals; Public Health; Frogs; Anura; USA, North Dakota; Canada, Manitoba, Red R.; USA, Minnesota; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Salmonella enterica Serotype enteritidis in Table Egg Layer House Environments and in Mice in U.S. Layer Houses and Associated Risk Factors AN - 19424462; 5655878 AB - Prevalence was estimated for Salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis (SE) in layer house environments (n = 200 layer houses) and house mice (n = 129 layer houses) in 15 states throughout the United States. Environmental swabs were collected from manure, egg belts, elevators, and walkways. Live-catch rodent traps were placed for 4-7 days. Swabs and house mice were submitted to the laboratory for bacterial culture. Overall, 7.1% of layer houses and 3.7% of mice were culture positive for SE. The highest prevalence was in the Great Lakes region of the United States, and no SE was recovered from houses or mice in the southeast region. Presence of SE in layer houses was associated with age/molting, floor reared pullets, and number of rodents trapped. Cleaning and disinfecting houses between flocks was associated with a reduced risk. The prevalence of SE in mice from environmentally positive houses was nearly four times that of mice from environmentally negative houses.Original Abstract: Factores de riesgo asociados con la Salmonella enterica serotipo enteritidis en el medio ambiente de casetas de ponedoras comerciales y en ratones presentes en las casetas de ponedoras comerciales. eta n 15 estados de Estados Unidos de America, se estimo la prevalencia de Salmonella enterica serotipo enteritidis en el medio ambiente de 200 casetas de ponedoras comerciales y en los ratones habitantes de 129 casetas. Se tomaron hisopos de la materia fecal, poleas moviles y pasillos. Se colocaron trampas para ratones durante 4 a 7 dias. Tanto los hisopos como los ratones fueron enviados al laboratorio para cultivo bacteriologico. El 7.1% de las casetas de ponedoras y el 3.7% de los ratones fueron positivos a S. enterica serotipo enteritidis. La mayor prevalencia ocurrio en la region de los grandes lagos. No se aislo la Salmonella a partir de los galpones o de los ratones en la region sureste de los Estados Unidos. La presencia de la S. enterica serotipo enteritidis en las casetas estuvo asociada con la edad, la muda forzada, el levante en el piso y el numero de roedores atrapados. La limpieza y desinfeccion de las casetas estuvo asociada con un riesgo reducido. La prevalencia de S. enterica serotipo enteritidis en los ratones obtenidos en las casetas con medio ambiente positivo fue casi cuatro veces mayor comparado con las casetas con medio ambiente negativo. double prime bbreviations: ARS = Agricultural Research Service; NAHMS = National Animal Health Monitoring System; NASS = National Agricultural Statistics Service; NVSL = National Veterinary Services Laboratories; SE = Salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis; VMO = Veterinary Medical Officer; VS = Veterinary Services JF - Avian Diseases AU - Garber, L AU - Smeltzer, M AU - Fedorka-Cray, P AU - Ladely, S AU - Ferris, K AD - USDA APHIS VS Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, 2150 Centre Avenue, Building B, Fort Collins, CO 80526-8117 Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 134 EP - 142 PB - American Association of Avian Pathologists VL - 47 IS - 1 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Houses KW - Age KW - Serotypes KW - Manure KW - Salmonella enterica KW - Risk factors KW - Traps KW - Molting KW - J 02410:Animal Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19424462?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Genetic+diversity+in+Pineapple+assessed+by+AFLP+markers&rft.au=Ming%2C+R&rft.aulast=Ming&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Age; Houses; Manure; Serotypes; Risk factors; Traps; Molting; Salmonella enterica DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0005-2086(2003)047(0134:SESEIT)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Land Application of Lake-Dredged Materials for Bahiagrass Establishment in the Subtropical Beef Pasture AN - 19411940; 5702169 AB - The continued need to dredge lakes, rivers, and canals in Florida, both for maintenance and environmental improvement, will produce millions of cubic meters of dredged materials. Productive disposal options of lake-dredged materials (LDM) may provide substantial and intangible benefits that will enhance the environment, community, and society. The objective of this study was to assess lake-dredged materials from Lake Panasoffkee as soil amendment for early establishment of bahiagrass (BG, Paspalum notatum Fluegge) in subtropical beef cattle pasture at Sumter County, Florida. This study encompassed two phases: Phase 1 comprised of five small observation plots (0.3 x 0.3 m); Phase 2 consisted of five larger test plots (30.5 x 30.5 m). Each of the plots in Phase 1 and Phase 2 had a different ratio LDM to natural soil (NS): Plot 1 (0% LDM + 100% NS); Plot 2 (25% LDM + 75% NS); Plot 3 (50% LDM + 50% NS); Plot 4 (75% LDM + 25% NS); and Plot 5 (100% LDM + 0% NS). Each plot was seeded with BG and early growth and yield establishment were monitored for 16 weeks. Results disclosed significantly taller (p less than or equal to 0.001) plants and higher biomass production (p less than or equal to 0.001) of BG from plots amended with 75% LDM than those of BG planted on plots with 0% LDM. Results suggest that LDM can serve as source of lime and fertilizer to establish BG beef pasture fields. Sediments with high CaCO3 improved the physical and chemical conditions of subtropical beef pastures. Lake-dredged materials could be removed from the spoil containment areas, trucked to other locations, and incorporated into existing fields for agricultural uses. There is still much to be learned, but it is certain that Lake Panasoffkee sediments should be regarded as a resource, with no observed harmful ecological effects. The agricultural or livestock industry could utilize these LDM to produce forages. LDM should be regarded as a beneficial resource, as a part of the ecological system. This study has been continued for several years to explore and assess the long term efficacy of LDM on productivity and quality of BG beyond its early establishment stage. Analysis of variance (ANOVA); bahiagrass (BG, Paspalum notatum Fluegge); Coleman Landing (CL); Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT); lake-dredged materials (LDM); least significant differences (LSD); natural soil (NS); probable effect levels (PEL); St. Johns River Water Management District (SJRWMD); Southwest Florida Water Management District (SWFWMD); threshold effect levels (TEL). JF - Journal of Soils and Sediments AU - Sigua, G AU - Holtkamp, M AU - Linton, J AU - Coleman, S AD - USDA-ARS, Subtropical Agricultural Research Station, Brooksville, FL 34601, USA, gcsigua@mail.ifas.ufl.edu Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 93 EP - 99 VL - 3 IS - 2 SN - 1439-0108, 1439-0108 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Rivers KW - Agriculture KW - Dredge spoil KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Water Management KW - USA, Florida KW - Grasses KW - Fluvial Sediments KW - Pastures KW - Biomass KW - Land application KW - Livestock KW - USA, Florida, Panasoffkee L. KW - Yield KW - Lakes KW - Paspalum notatum KW - USA, Florida, Sumter Cty. KW - Waste disposal KW - Benefits KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19411940?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soils+and+Sediments&rft.atitle=Land+Application+of+Lake-Dredged+Materials+for+Bahiagrass+Establishment+in+the+Subtropical+Beef+Pasture&rft.au=Sigua%2C+G%3BHoltkamp%2C+M%3BLinton%2C+J%3BColeman%2C+S&rft.aulast=Sigua&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=93&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soils+and+Sediments&rft.issn=14390108&rft_id=info:doi/http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1065%2Fjss2003.04.075 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Dredge spoil; Lakes; Grasses; Waste disposal; Land application; Livestock; Rivers; Analysis of Variance; Yield; Water Management; Fluvial Sediments; Pastures; Biomass; Benefits; Paspalum notatum; USA, Florida, Panasoffkee L.; USA, Florida; USA, Florida, Sumter Cty. DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1065/jss2003.04.075 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - EFFECTS OF A FAT BODY EXTRACT ON LARVAL MIDGUT CELLS AND GROWTH OF LEPIDOPTERA AN - 19332666; 8696241 AB - Treatment with fat body extract (FBX) from pupae of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, caused mortality in larvae of two pest lepidopterans, the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, and the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis. In FBX-treated larvae, the feeding rate was depressed, causing reduced weight gain and then larval death. Their midgut showed formation of multicellular layers of midgut epidermis, indicating stem-cell hyperplasia. Hence, the integument of FBX-treated larvae had a double cuticle, indicating induction of premature molting. But radioimmunoassay measurements confirmed that the amount of ecdysteroids in FBX was too low to be responsible for the molt-inducing effects observed after treatment with FBX. With midgut stem cell cultures in vitro, addition of FBX to the culture medium stimulated cell proliferation and differentiation in a concentration-dependent manner. This effect was compared with those of insect molting hormones, ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone; an ecdysteroid agonist, RH-2485; and a purified protein from FBX (multiplication factor). This article describes the mode of action of FBX and possible interplay between fat body factor(s) and insect hormones in the development and metamorphosis of the insect midgut. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal AU - Smagghe, Guy J AU - Elsen, Kim AU - Loeb, Marcia J AU - Gelman, Dale B AU - Blackburn, Michael AD - Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium (G. J. S.), Laboratory of Cellular Genetics, Department of Biology, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium (G. J. S., K. E.), and Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland 20705 (M. J. L., D. B. G., M. B.), guy.smagghe@rug.ac.be Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 8 EP - 12 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. VL - 39 IS - 1 SN - 1071-2690, 1071-2690 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - midgut stem cells KW - Lymantria dispar KW - Spodoptera littoralis KW - 20-hydroxyecdysone KW - metamorphosis KW - hyperplasia KW - Mortality KW - Feeding KW - Manduca sexta KW - Fat body KW - Cell culture KW - Cuticles KW - Molting KW - Hormones KW - Radioimmunoassay KW - Ecdysteroids KW - Lepidoptera KW - Differentiation KW - Epidermis KW - Hyperplasia KW - Stem cells KW - Ecdysone KW - Integument KW - Metamorphosis KW - Pests KW - Midgut KW - Cell proliferation KW - W 30925:Genetic Engineering KW - Z 05330:Reproduction and Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19332666?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.atitle=EFFECTS+OF+A+FAT+BODY+EXTRACT+ON+LARVAL+MIDGUT+CELLS+AND+GROWTH+OF+LEPIDOPTERA&rft.au=Smagghe%2C+Guy+J%3BElsen%2C+Kim%3BLoeb%2C+Marcia+J%3BGelman%2C+Dale+B%3BBlackburn%2C+Michael&rft.aulast=Smagghe&rft.aufirst=Guy&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=8&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.issn=10712690&rft_id=info:doi/10.1290%2F1543-706X%282003%290392.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Feeding; Mortality; Fat body; Cell culture; Cuticles; Molting; Radioimmunoassay; Hormones; Ecdysteroids; Epidermis; Differentiation; Ecdysone; Stem cells; Hyperplasia; Integument; Metamorphosis; Midgut; Pests; Cell proliferation; Manduca sexta; Spodoptera littoralis; Lymantria dispar; Lepidoptera DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1290/1543-706X(2003)039<0008:EOAFBE>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of Semichemicals as Feeding Stimulants for the Formosan Subterranean Termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermidae) AN - 19269770; 5837718 AB - Semichemicals that have been previously reported as attractants or feeding stimulants were tested against the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. Paired choice tests were conducted where consumption of chemically treated and solvent-treated filter paper disks were compared for each chemical over a range of concentrations. There were no differences in the consumption of filter paper disks treated with cholesterol or D-aspartic acid compared with controls at any of the concentrations tested. Dehydroisoandrosterone and hydroquinone acted as feeding deterrents at the higher concentrations. Ergosterol acted as a feeding stimulant at a concentration of 1 mg/g of filter paper. Field tests would need to be conducted to determine if ergosterol or other feeding stimulants could actually increase the efficacy of baits in the field. JF - Sociobiology AU - Cornelius, M L AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70124, USA Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 583 EP - 592 PB - California State University VL - 41 IS - 3 SN - 0361-6525, 0361-6525 KW - Formosan subterranean termite KW - Isoptera KW - dehydroisoandrosterone KW - ergosterol KW - hydroquinone KW - Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Rhinotermitidae KW - Antifeedants KW - Hydroquinone KW - Stimulants KW - Semiochemicals KW - Coptotermes formosanus KW - Ergosterol KW - Feeding behavior KW - Z 05167:Behavior KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19269770?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sociobiology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+Semichemicals+as+Feeding+Stimulants+for+the+Formosan+Subterranean+Termite+%28Isoptera%3A+Rhinotermidae%29&rft.au=Cornelius%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Cornelius&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=583&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Sociobiology&rft.issn=03616525&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coptotermes formosanus; Rhinotermitidae; Semiochemicals; Stimulants; Feeding behavior; Antifeedants; Hydroquinone; Ergosterol ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of Secondary Spruce Cutting on Increase of the Aboveground Biomass Production of Calamagrostis arundinacea (Nalepkovo, The Slovenske Rudohorie Mts.). AN - 19257911; 5849450 AB - The impact of sanitation cutting after massive secondary forest dying on the aboveground biomass production of Calamagrostis arundinacea was investigated in the Spis part of the Slovenske rudohorie Mts (a communal forests of the Nalepkovo village). The values of biomass ranged in the interval 36.16 to 1417.91 g/m super(2). Higher solar input and the development of new disengaged stands after sanitation cutting were the most important factors, which influenced increase of the Calamagrostis arundinacea aboveground biomass. JF - Ekologia (Bratislava)/Ecology (Bratislava) AU - Vykoukova, I AD - Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences of Comenius University, Mlynska dolina B-2, 842 15 Bratislava, The Slovak Republic, vykoukova@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 242 EP - 247 PB - Slovak Academic Press Ltd. VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 1335-342X, 1335-342X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Mountains KW - Slovakia KW - Cutting KW - Calamagrostis arundinacea KW - Biomass KW - D 04636:Grasses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19257911?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ekologia+%28Bratislava%29%2FEcology+%28Bratislava%29&rft.atitle=Influence+of+Secondary+Spruce+Cutting+on+Increase+of+the+Aboveground+Biomass+Production+of+Calamagrostis+arundinacea+%28Nalepkovo%2C+The+Slovenske+Rudohorie+Mts.%29.&rft.au=Vykoukova%2C+I&rft.aulast=Vykoukova&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=242&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ekologia+%28Bratislava%29%2FEcology+%28Bratislava%29&rft.issn=1335342X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Calamagrostis arundinacea; Slovakia; Cutting; Biomass; Mountains ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic variability in migratory and endemic island songbirds (genus Vireo): A comparative assessment using molecular and morphological traits AN - 19257797; 5834251 AB - Low genetic variation is thought to increase the risk of extinction in island species; however, these species can differ both in terms of endemism and gene flow. In a previous study, the endemic species of Puerto Rico (V. latimeri) and Jamaica (V. modestus and V. osburni) were shown to have less genetic variability than a continental relative, V. griseus. In this study, a migratory island species, V. altiloquus, is analyzed together with the endemics in order to (1) compare levels of genetic variation in migratory and endemic island species, and (2) assess this variation using both molecular markers and morphological traits. Each island species is also compared to a continental relative (V. griseus for the endemic species, and V. olivaceus for the migratory species). Variability in random amplified polymorphic DNA markers was significantly lower in the endemic species than in either migratory population. All island populations had significantly lower levels of variation than their respective continental relatives, but with significantly greater reduction in the endemic species. In contrast, the morphological measures revealed only two cases with a significantly lower CV in an endemic species compared to V. altiloquus or V. griseus. All others exhibited either no differences in CV or greater levels in the island populations. While the molecular results generally correspond to predictions of lower variability in endemic vs. migratory island species and island vs. continental species, the morphological comparisons do not, and therefore may not be useful for quick, field-based assessments of underlying genetic variability. JF - Conservation Genetics AU - Zwartjes, P W AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 333 Broadway S.E., Suite 115, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87102-3497, USA, pmmzwartjes@yahoo.com Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 749 EP - 758 VL - 4 IS - 6 SN - 1566-0621, 1566-0621 KW - Puerto rican vireo KW - Black-whiskered vireo KW - Vireos KW - Red-eyed vireo KW - Ecology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Vireo olivaceus KW - Vireo latimeri KW - Vireo modestus KW - Genetic diversity KW - Migration KW - Endemic species KW - Islands KW - Puerto Rico KW - Extinction KW - Vireo osburni KW - Jamaica KW - Random amplified polymorphic DNA KW - Morphology KW - Genetic markers KW - Vireo altiloquus KW - Vireo KW - G 07270:Ecological genetics KW - G 07377:Birds KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19257797?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Differential+nitric+oxide+production+by+immune+cells+of+chickens&rft.au=Crippen%2C+T+L%3BRipley%2C+L+H%3BFarnell%2C+M+B%3BLowry%2C+V+K%3BSheffield%2C+CL%3BKogut%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Crippen&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vireo osburni; Vireo modestus; Vireo latimeri; Vireo altiloquus; Vireo olivaceus; Vireo; Puerto Rico; Jamaica; Random amplified polymorphic DNA; Migration; Endemic species; Islands; Genetic diversity; Genetic markers; Extinction; Morphology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of an integrated laboratory information management system for the maize mapping project AN - 19166205; 5757905 AB - The development of an integrated genetic and physical map for the maize genome involves the generation of an enormous amount of data. Managing this data requires a system to aid in genotype scoring for different types of markers coming from both local and remote users. In addition, researchers need an efficient way to interact with genetic mapping software and with data files from automated DNA sequencing. They also need ways to manage primer data for mapping and sequencing and provide views of the integrated physical and genetic map and views of genetic map comparisons. JF - Bioinformatics AU - Sanchez-Villeda, H AU - Schroeder, S AU - Polacco, M AU - McMullen, M AU - Havermann, S AU - Davis, G AU - Vroh-Bi, I AU - Cone, K AU - Sharopova, N AU - Yim, Y AU - Schultz, L AU - Duru, N AU - Musket, T AU - Houchins, K AD - Department of Agronomy, Division of Biological Sciences and USDA-ARS, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 2022 EP - 2030 PB - Oxford University Press, Oxford Journals, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP UK, [mailto:jnl.samples@oup.co.uk], [URL:http://www3.oup.co.uk/jnls/] VL - 19 IS - 16 SN - 1367-4803, 1367-4803 KW - maize KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Genomes KW - Computer programs KW - Zea mays KW - Information processing KW - Bioinformatics KW - Gene mapping KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 350:Bioinformatics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19166205?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioinformatics&rft.atitle=Development+of+an+integrated+laboratory+information+management+system+for+the+maize+mapping+project&rft.au=Sanchez-Villeda%2C+H%3BSchroeder%2C+S%3BPolacco%2C+M%3BMcMullen%2C+M%3BHavermann%2C+S%3BDavis%2C+G%3BVroh-Bi%2C+I%3BCone%2C+K%3BSharopova%2C+N%3BYim%2C+Y%3BSchultz%2C+L%3BDuru%2C+N%3BMusket%2C+T%3BHouchins%2C+K&rft.aulast=Sanchez-Villeda&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; Bioinformatics; Information processing; Genomes; Gene mapping; Computer programs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service research on natural products for pest management AN - 18931664; 5675159 AB - Recent research of the Agricultural Research Service of USDA on the use of natural products to manage pests is summarized. Studies of the use of both phytochemicals and diatomaceous earth to manage insect pests are discussed. Chemically characterized compounds, such as a saponin from pepper (Capsicum frutescens L), benzaldehyde, chitosan and 2-deoxy-D-glucose are being studied as natural fungicides. Resin glycosides for pathogen resistance in sweet potato and residues of semi-tropical leguminous plants for nematode control are also under investigation. Bioassay-guided isolation of compounds with potential use as herbicides or herbicide leads is underway at several locations. New natural phytotoxin molecular target sites (asparagine synthetase and fructose-1,6- bisphosphate aldolase) have been discovered. Weed control in sweet potato and rice by allelopathy is under investigation. Molecular approaches to enhance allelopathy in sorghum are also being undertaken. The genes for polyketide synthases involved in production of pesticidal polyketide compounds in fungi are found to provide clues for pesticide discovery. Gene expression profiles in response to fungicides and herbicides are being generated as tools to understand more fully the mode of action and to rapidly determine the molecular target site of new, natural fungicides and herbicides. Published in 2003 for SCI by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. JF - Pest Management Science AU - Duke, SO AU - Baerson AU - Dayan, F E AU - Rimando, A M AU - Scheffler, B E AU - Tellez, M R AU - Wedge, DE AU - Schrader, K K AU - Akey, D H AU - Arthur, F H AU - De Lucca, AJ AU - Gibson, D M AU - Harrison, HF Jr AU - Peterson, J K AU - Gealy AU - Tworkoski, T AU - Wilson, CL AU - Morris, J B AD - USDA, ARS, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, PO Box 8048, University 38677, USA, sduke@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003///0, PY - 2003 DA - 0, 2003 SP - 708 EP - 717 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Baffins Lane Chichester W. Sussex PO19 1UD UK, [mailto:customer@wiley.co.uk] VL - 59 IS - 6-7 SN - 1526-498X, 1526-498X KW - Allelopathy KW - Arthropoda KW - Diatomaceous earth KW - Natural products KW - glycosides KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Entomology Abstracts KW - natural product KW - insecticide KW - fungicide KW - herbicide KW - allelochemical KW - allelopathy KW - pest management KW - phytotoxin KW - Agriculture KW - Glucose KW - Herbicides KW - Metabolites KW - Pest control KW - Pathogens KW - Chemical defence KW - Environmental protection KW - Gene expression KW - USA KW - Bioassays KW - Insecticides KW - Pesticides KW - Chitosan KW - Fungicides KW - Pest resistance KW - Bioactive compounds KW - Pollution control KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - Q5 08505:Prevention and control KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18931664?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+vaccine+applicator+pressurization+on+Mycoplasma+gallisepticum&rft.au=Branton%2C+S+L%3BCollier%2C+S+D%3BSimmons%2C+J+D%3BLott%2C+B+D%3BMiles%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Branton&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Insecticides; Fungicides; Chitosan; Pest control; Metabolites; Herbicides; Bioactive compounds; Chemical defence; Environmental protection; Pollution control; Gene expression; Bioassays; Pesticides; Glucose; Pest resistance; Pathogens; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.633 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human neutrophil elastase inhibition with a novel cotton-alginate wound dressing formulation AN - 18927444; 5686210 AB - Occlusion and elasticity were combined in a novel cotton-based alginate dressing containing a nontoxic elastase inhibitor. Cotton gauzes were modified with a textile finishing process for incorporating alginate to yield a dressing material that retains elasticity while enhancing absorption. The algino- cellulose conjugates were formed through citric acid crosslinking of cellulose and alginate. The alginate-citrate finishes were applied to cotton gauzes in various formulations containing citric acid, sodium hypophosphite, and polyethylene glycol. The modified gauzes contain a citrate conjugate of alginate and cellulose that gels upon hydration. The alginate-citrate finishes were combined with the neutrophil elastase inhibitor, oleic acid, to demonstrate the ability of the algino-cellulose fibers to release the inhibitor and neutralize destructively high levels of neutrophil elastase found in nonhealing and burn wounds. Four types of gauzes were examined for the effect of the algino- cellulose finish on cotton gauze absorbency and elasticity. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of the film and alginate-citrate finished cotton showed formation of the alginate and citrate cellulose esters. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed large areas of the yarn surface covered by the alginate film with a smooth surface on the original fibers. Wetting of the gauze surface resulted in formation of a hydrated gel on the yarns with apparent swelling of the film and the fiber-coated alginate. Published 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 66A: 433-440, 2003 JF - Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, Part A AU - Edwards, J V AU - Bopp, A F AU - Batiste, S L AU - Goynes, W R AD - USDA, Agriculture Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, Cotton Textile Chemistry, 1100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, Louisiana 70124, vedwards@nola.srrc.usda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 433 EP - 440 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 66A IS - 3 SN - 0021-9304, 0021-9304 KW - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy KW - cellulose KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Cotton KW - Alginic acid KW - I.R. spectroscopy KW - Medical dressings KW - Leukocytes (neutrophilic) KW - Biomaterials KW - Leukocyte elastase KW - Wounds KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 110:Biomedical Materials & Tissue Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18927444?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biomedical+Materials+Research%2C+Part+A&rft.atitle=Human+neutrophil+elastase+inhibition+with+a+novel+cotton-alginate+wound+dressing+formulation&rft.au=Edwards%2C+J+V%3BBopp%2C+A+F%3BBatiste%2C+S+L%3BGoynes%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=66A&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=433&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biomedical+Materials+Research%2C+Part+A&rft.issn=00219304&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fjbm.a.10517 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biomaterials; Leukocytes (neutrophilic); Leukocyte elastase; Medical dressings; Wounds; I.R. spectroscopy; Alginic acid; Cotton DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.10517 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sediment transport in rill flow under deposition and detachment conditions AN - 18922504; 5637595 AB - The understanding of soil erosion processes and the development of accurate erosion prediction models require understanding of detachment, deposition, and sediment transport in rills. The objectives of this study were to determine whether sediment transport capacity is a unique value for given soil, flow rate, and slope, and to determine if equilibrium sediment concentration in the rill obtained by detachment was different from that observed under depositional conditions. Experiments on a Carmi loam (fine, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalf) simulated rill erosion under net detachment and net deposition conditions. Two discharge rates of 6 and 9 l min super(-1) and two sediment input regimes of 0 and excess of transport capacity were tested on soil beds with lengths of 2, 4, 6, 7, and 8 m at 7% slope. Sediment load reached steady state conditions within the 8-m distance on the rill. At 9 l min super(-1) discharge, 8 m length, and excess sediment added to the flow, sediment delivery was 71 g l super(-1) versus 31 g l super(-1) for the corresponding case with no sediment added. Overall, for the conditions tested, rill flow transported two times more sediment than it could detach. The flow did not reach its maximum potential transported load through detachment of soil due in part to changes in the sediment size distribution under deposition and possibly to the protective action of bedload particles moving along the rill bottom and/or changes in flow turbulence associated with sediment laden flow. JF - Catena AU - Polyakov, VO AU - Nearing, MA AD - USDA-ARS National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1196, USA Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 33 EP - 43 VL - 51 IS - 1 SN - 0341-8162, 0341-8162 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Sediment Transport KW - Testing Procedures KW - Hydrological Regime KW - Rill Erosion KW - Flow Rates KW - Bed Load KW - Sediment Load KW - Load Distribution KW - Deposition KW - Soil Erosion KW - Sediment Concentration KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18922504?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Catena&rft.atitle=Sediment+transport+in+rill+flow+under+deposition+and+detachment+conditions&rft.au=Polyakov%2C+VO%3BNearing%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Polyakov&rft.aufirst=VO&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Catena&rft.issn=03418162&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0341-8162%2802%2900090-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Testing Procedures; Sediment Transport; Hydrological Regime; Flow Rates; Rill Erosion; Bed Load; Load Distribution; Sediment Load; Deposition; Soil Erosion; Sediment Concentration DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0341-8162(02)00090-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Natural Presettlement Features of the Ashley County, Arkansas Area AN - 18910119; 5543054 AB - The General Land Office (GLO) survey records of the Ashley County, Arkansas, area were analyzed for natural attributes including forest composition and structure, prairie communities and aquatic and geomorphological features. Almost 13,000 witness trees from at least 23 families were extracted from the surveys. Most (68% of the total) witness trees were black oak (Quercus velutina), pine (Pinus spp.), post oak (Q. stellata), white oak (Q. alba), hickory (Carya spp.) and sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), with 60% of the taxa having fewer than 20 individuals and 26% represented by a single tree. Witness trees were usually moderate sized with very few small or large individuals noted. The distribution of presettlement grasslands, bottomland forests and upland mixed pine/hardwood forests was approximately mapped across the study area. Catastrophic disturbances mentioned in the GLO records included windthrow, floods, fire, timber harvest and earthquakes. Even during this early period, European settlers were altering the Ashley County landscape with trails, homes, farms, cotton gins and small-scale land clearing. Other notable ecological features in these survey records included large woody debris, wetlands, unique terrain conditions and wild game. JF - American Midland Naturalist AU - Bragg, D C AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, P.O. Box 3516 UAM, Monticello, Arkansas 71656, dbragg@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 1 EP - 20 PB - University of Notre Dame VL - 149 IS - 1 SN - 0003-0031, 0003-0031 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Ecology Abstracts KW - Historical account KW - Man-induced effects KW - Forests KW - Freshwater KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - Human impact KW - Vegetation cover KW - Geomorphology KW - USA, Arkansas, Ashley Cty. KW - Historical ecology KW - USA, Arkansas KW - Wetlands KW - Natural vegetation KW - D 04125:Temperate forests KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18910119?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Midland+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Natural+Presettlement+Features+of+the+Ashley+County%2C+Arkansas+Area&rft.au=Bragg%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Bragg&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=149&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Midland+Naturalist&rft.issn=00030031&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0003-0031%282003%29149%280001%3ANPFOTA%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vegetation cover; Historical account; Geomorphology; Forests; Man-induced effects; Wetlands; Ecosystem disturbance; Historical ecology; Natural vegetation; Human impact; USA, Arkansas, Ashley Cty.; USA, Arkansas; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0003-0031(2003)149(0001:NPFOTA)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Arsenic Essentiality: A Role Affecting Methionine Metabolism AN - 18894724; 5776938 AB - Although there is no known biological function of arsenic, considerable evidence suggests that arsenic has a physiological role related to methionine metabolism. In early studies using amino acid-based diets, it was found that arsenic deprivation had little effect on growth in rats fed adequate methionine. However, in rats fed suboptimal methionine, arsenic deprivation resulted in a significant reduction in body weight. Other studies showed that feeding methyl depletors caused severe signs of arsenic deprivation. Because it was found that alteration in methionine status or methyl metabolism affected signs of arsenic deprivation, and that many of these signs were related to methionine or methyl metabolism, it was hypothesized that arsenic has a physiological role affecting methionine metabolism. In animal studies testing this hypothesis, it was shown that arsenic deprivation reduces the hepatic concentration of S-adenosylmethionine. Additionally, arsenic status affects DNA methylation in animal and cell culture models; very low or high doses of arsenic, compared with control amounts, result in an apparent hypomethylation of DNA. Because global DNA hypomethylation is associated with an increased incidence of cancer, we tested whether dietary arsenic (deficient, adequate, or excess; 0, 0.5 or 50 mu g arsenic/g diet, respectively) would affect the formation of aberrant crypts in rats treated with the carcinogen dimethylhydrazine. Aberrant crypts are preneoplastic lesions that have been associated with colon carcinomas. More aberrant crypts were observed in rats fed the high amount of dietary arsenic compared to those fed adequate arsenic. The number of aberrant crypts in the arsenic-deprived group also tended to be higher than those found in rats fed adequate arsenic. Thus, many findings indicate that arsenic plays a role in methionine/methyl metabolism; however, the site of action of arsenic remains unknown. Possibly, arsenic is instrumental in maintaining the metabolic pool of S-adenosylmethionine. These results show that compared to controlled amounts, having too little or too much arsenic in the diet is harmful. That is, there is an amount of dietary arsenic that is not only not harmful, but beneficial. JF - Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine AU - Uthus, E O AD - USDA, ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, PO Box 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9034, USA, euthus@gfthnrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 345 EP - 355 VL - 16 IS - 4 SN - 0896-548X, 0896-548X KW - metabolism KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24250:Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18894724?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Trace+Elements+in+Experimental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Arsenic+Essentiality%3A+A+Role+Affecting+Methionine+Metabolism&rft.au=Uthus%2C+E+O&rft.aulast=Uthus&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Trace+Elements+in+Experimental+Medicine&rft.issn=0896548X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fjtra.10044 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jtra.10044 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential amplification of sequence heterogeneous ribosomal RNA genes and classification of the 'Fragaria multicipita' phytoplasma AN - 18891858; 5763257 AB - Ribosomal (r) RNA interoperon sequence heterogeneity in the 'Fragaria multicipita' phytoplasma, a member of group 16SrVI, was initially observed in RFLP patterns of rDNA amplified in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and was confirmed through sequence analysis of cloned rDNA. Sequences from operons rrnA and rrnB were amplified in PCR primed by primer pair P1/P7 but from only rrnA in PCR primed by primer pair R16mF2/R16mR1. Preferential amplification of DNA from operon rrnA was explained by base mismatches between the R16mF2/R16mR1 primers and primer annealing sites in rrnB. The results revealed potential for classification of a phytoplasma into two different subgroups within a 16S rRNA group, if the phytoplasma's 16S rRNA gene sequences are independently characterized. It is suggested that the rRNA operon containing species-specific signature sequence(s) should be specified, and where possible sequences from both 16S rRNA genes should be included, in descriptions of new 'Candidatus Phytoplasma species'. JF - Microbiological Research AU - Davis, R E AU - Jomantiene, R AU - Kalvelyte, A AU - Dally, EL AD - Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Plant Sciences Institute, Agricultural Research Service-USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, davisr@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 229 EP - 236 VL - 158 IS - 3 SN - 0944-5013, 0944-5013 KW - operons KW - rRNA gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18891858?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbiological+Research&rft.atitle=Differential+amplification+of+sequence+heterogeneous+ribosomal+RNA+genes+and+classification+of+the+%27Fragaria+multicipita%27+phytoplasma&rft.au=Davis%2C+R+E%3BJomantiene%2C+R%3BKalvelyte%2C+A%3BDally%2C+EL&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=158&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbiological+Research&rft.issn=09445013&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial variation in crop response: An overview for variable irrigation of corn, and its implications for water and nitrogen management AN - 18881317; 5738349 AB - During the last 10-15 years, reasonably priced technology to measure spatially indexed crop yields and to apply fertilizers at spatially variable rates has stimulated increased interest in site-specific farming. Technology to apply irrigation at spatially variable rates is not commercially available, having lagged fertilizer application. However, it is generally agreed that water and fertilizer are the most important inputs for determining yield and profit. While moving irrigation systems, if modified, could offer great potential for site-specific application of water and nutrients, little is known of crop yield response to these inputs, or the economic implications. Both yield responses and the associated economic implications must be known before optimum dynamic management can be achieved. Availability of commercial equipment for variable-rate applications of water and nutrients to small management areas will accelerate the need for these crop response functions. JF - International Water And Irrigation AU - Camp, C R AU - John Sadler, E AU - Lu, Yao-chi AD - USDA-ARS Coastal Plains Soil, Water and Plant Research Center Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 26 EP - 30 VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 0334-5807, 0334-5807 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Water Management KW - Fruit and vegetable crops (Cereals) KW - Irrigation KW - Nutrients KW - Crops KW - Nitrogen KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18881317?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Water+And+Irrigation&rft.atitle=Spatial+variation+in+crop+response%3A+An+overview+for+variable+irrigation+of+corn%2C+and+its+implications+for+water+and+nitrogen+management&rft.au=Camp%2C+C+R%3BJohn+Sadler%2C+E%3BLu%2C+Yao-chi&rft.aulast=Camp&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=26&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Water+And+Irrigation&rft.issn=03345807&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Water Management; Irrigation; Fruit and vegetable crops (Cereals); Nutrients; Crops; Nitrogen ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccination of cattle: Activation of bovine CD4 super(+) and gamma delta TCR super(+) cells and modulation by 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D sub(3) AN - 18868916; 5712197 AB - Setting: 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1, 25(OH) sub(2)D sub(3)) is a potent modulator of immune responses and may be beneficial in the treatment of tuberculosis. Recent evidence suggest that 1, 25(OH) sub(2)D sub(3) may affect T- dependent responses in cattle; however, mechanisms by which this vitamin modulates activation of bovine T cells are unclear. Objective: Determine the effects of 1, 25(OH) sub(2)D sub(3) on the expression of CD25, CD44, and CD62L by bovine T cell subsets proliferating in response to antigen stimulation. Design: Antigen-specific recall responses of Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccinated cattle were used as a model system to evaluate effects of 1, 25(OH) sub(2)D sub(3) on the proliferation and activation of bovine T cell subsets. Results: CD4 super(+) and gamma delta TCR super(+) cells were the predominant T cell subsets responding to soluble crude M. bovis-derived antigens (i.e. purified protein derivative and a BCG whole cell sonicate) by proliferation and activation-induced alterations in phenotype. These subsets exhibited increased CD25 and CD44 mean fluorescence intensity (mfi) and decreased CD62L mfi upon antigen stimulation. Addition of 1, 25(OH) sub(2)D sub(3) inhibited proliferation of CD4 super(+) cells and decreased the expression of CD44 on responding (i.e. proliferating) CD4 super(+) and gamma delta TCR super(+) cells. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the production of 1, 25(OH) sub(2)D sub(3) by macrophages within tuberculous lesions would inhibit proliferation and CD44 expression by co-localized CD4 super(+) and gamma delta TCR super(+) cells. JF - Tuberculosis AU - Waters, W R AU - Nonnecke, B J AU - Foote, M R AU - Maue, A C AU - Rahner, TE AU - Palmer, M V AU - Whipple, D L AU - Horst, R L AU - Estes, D M AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA, rwaters@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 287 EP - 297 PB - Harcourt Publishers Ltd., Robert Stevenson House 1-3 Baxter's Place, Leith Walk Edinburgh EH1 3AF UK, [mailto:Claire_Wilson@harcourt.com], [URL:http://www.idealibrary.com/] VL - 83 IS - 5 SN - 1472-9792, 1472-9792 KW - 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 KW - CD25 antigen KW - CD4 antigen KW - CD44 antigen KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - A 01102:Bacteria and fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18868916?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tuberculosis&rft.atitle=Mycobacterium+bovis+bacille+Calmette-Guerin+vaccination+of+cattle%3A+Activation+of+bovine+CD4+super%28%2B%29+and+gamma+delta+TCR+super%28%2B%29+cells+and+modulation+by+1%2C+25-dihydroxyvitamin+D+sub%283%29&rft.au=Waters%2C+W+R%3BNonnecke%2C+B+J%3BFoote%2C+M+R%3BMaue%2C+A+C%3BRahner%2C+TE%3BPalmer%2C+M+V%3BWhipple%2C+D+L%3BHorst%2C+R+L%3BEstes%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Waters&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tuberculosis&rft.issn=14729792&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1472-9792%2803%2900002-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1472-9792(03)00002-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Light Reflectance Characteristics and Remote Sensing of Waterlettuce AN - 18866027; 5711098 AB - Waterlettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.) is a free-floating exotic aquatic weed that often invades and clogs waterways in the southeastern United States. A study was conducted to evaluate the potential of using remote sensing technology to distinguish infestations of waterlettuce in Texas waterways. Field reflectance measurements showed that waterlettuce had higher visible green reflectance than associated plant species. Waterlettuce could be detected in both aerial color-infrared (CIR) photography and videography where it had light pink to pinkish-white image tonal responses. Computer analysis of CIR photographic and videography images had overall accuracy assessments of 86% and 84%, respectively. JF - Journal of Aquatic Plant Management AU - Everitt, J H AU - Yang, C AU - Flores, D AD - USDA/ARS, Integrated Farming and Natural Resources Unit, 2413 E. Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA, jeveritt@weslaco.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 39 EP - 44 PB - Aquatic Plant Management Society, Inc. VL - 41 IS - 1 SN - 0146-6623, 0146-6623 KW - aquatic plants KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Remote Sensing KW - Pistia stratiotes KW - Water Management KW - Reflectance KW - Water Quality KW - Remote sensing KW - Weed Control KW - Aerial photography KW - Identification KW - Freshwater weeds KW - Aquatic Plants KW - Plant control KW - Exotic Species KW - Infrared imagery KW - USA, Texas KW - Monitoring KW - Introduced species KW - Q1 08226:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18866027?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Aquatic+Plant+Management&rft.atitle=Light+Reflectance+Characteristics+and+Remote+Sensing+of+Waterlettuce&rft.au=Everitt%2C+J+H%3BYang%2C+C%3BFlores%2C+D&rft.aulast=Everitt&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Aquatic+Plant+Management&rft.issn=01466623&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Plant control; Reflectance; Infrared imagery; Remote sensing; Aerial photography; Introduced species; Identification; Freshwater weeds; Remote Sensing; Water Management; Aquatic Plants; Exotic Species; Water Quality; Weed Control; Monitoring; Pistia stratiotes; USA, Texas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of alternative strategies for management of soilborne pathogens currently controlled with methyl bromide AN - 18840348; 5729034 AB - The current standard treatment for management of soilborne pests in some high-value crop production systems is preplant fumigation with mixtures of methyl bromide and chloropicrin. With the impending phase-out of methyl bromide, the agricultural industries that rely on soil fumigation face the need for development of alternative pest management strategies. To maintain farm productivity, immediate term research has focused on evaluation of alternative fumigants, modification of current crop production practices to accommodate their use, and improvement of application technologies to reduce the environmental effects of fumigant applications. Longer-term research goals have focused on developing a more integrated approach for pest management that incorporates the use of cultural practices to reduce pathogen pressure, host resistance to disease, and biological approaches for stimulating plant growth and control of root diseases. JF - Annual Review of Phytopathology AU - Martin, F N AD - USDA-ARS, 1636 East Alisal Street, Salinas, CA 93905, USA, fmartin@pw.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 325 EP - 350 VL - 41 SN - 0066-4286, 0066-4286 KW - methyl bromide KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01031:Antifungal & fungicidal agents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18840348?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Development+of+alternative+strategies+for+management+of+soilborne+pathogens+currently+controlled+with+methyl+bromide&rft.au=Martin%2C+F+N&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=&rft.spage=325&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+Review+of+Phytopathology&rft.issn=00664286&rft_id=info:doi/10.1146%2Fannurev.phyto.41.052002.095514 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.phyto.41.052002.095514 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inoculation with Mycorrhizal Fungi Increases the Yield of Green Peppers in a High P Soil AN - 18839623; 5725164 AB - Arbuscular mycorrhizal [AM] fungi are mutualistic symbionts that impart a number of benefits to host plants, any one of which can make them important contributors to productivity of alternative agricultural systems. Inoculation of vegetable seedlings prior to outplanting is economically feasible. One of three inoculation treatments was imposed upon Capsicum annuum L. cv. Camelot seedlings: (1) Glomus intraradices, (2) a mixed inoculum of Glomus mosseae, Glomus etunicatum and Gigaspora rosea, and (3) uninoculated controls. Plants were transplanted into high P soil field plots that received either composted dairy cow manure or conventional chemical fertilizer. There were no significant differences in yield between nutrient amendments, but inoculation with AM fungi significantly affected fruit yield. The mixed inocula increased yields relative to controls by 14 to 23% in plots amended with compost and 34% one year with chemical fertilizers. Glomus intraradices depressed seedling growth relative to controls and decreased yields in one of two years. Inoculation with AM fungi is a management option that should not be ignored in high P soils, but proper selection of inoculum is essential. JF - Biological Agriculture and Horticulture AU - Douds, DD Jr AU - Reider, C AD - USDA-ARS ERRC, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, ddouds@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 91 EP - 102 VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 0144-8765, 0144-8765 KW - Arbuscular mycorrhizas KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - A 01055:Other soil treatments KW - K 03096:Mycorrhiza UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18839623?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+Agriculture+and+Horticulture&rft.atitle=Inoculation+with+Mycorrhizal+Fungi+Increases+the+Yield+of+Green+Peppers+in+a+High+P+Soil&rft.au=Douds%2C+DD+Jr%3BReider%2C+C&rft.aulast=Douds&rft.aufirst=DD&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+Agriculture+and+Horticulture&rft.issn=01448765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service research programs on microbes for management of plant-parasitic nematodes AN - 18804284; 5675154 AB - Restrictions on the use of conventional nematicides have increased the need for new methods of managing plant-parasitic nematodes. Consequently, nematode- antagonistic microbes, and active compounds produced by such organisms, are being explored as potential additions to management practices. Programs in this area at the USDA Agricultural Research Service investigate applied biocontrol agents, naturally occurring beneficial soil microbes and natural compounds. Specific research topics include use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and cultural practices for management of root-knot and ring nematodes, determination of management strategies that enhance activity of naturally occurring Pasteuria species (bacterial obligate parasites of nematodes), studies on interactions between biocontrol bacteria and bacterial-feeding nematodes, and screening of microbes for compounds active against plant-parasitic nematodes. Some studies involve biocontrol agents that are active against nematodes and soil-borne plant-pathogenic fungi, or combinations of beneficial bacteria and fungi, to manage a spectrum of plant diseases or to increase efficacy over a broader range of environmental conditions. Effective methods or agents identified in the research programs are investigated as additions to existing management systems for plant-parasitic nematodes. Published in 2003 for SCI by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. JF - Pest Management Science AU - Meyer, S L AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Nematology Laboratory, Bldg 011A, Room 165B, BARC-West, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville 20705-2350, USA, meyerf@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 665 EP - 670 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Baffins Lane Chichester W. Sussex PO19 1UD UK, [mailto:customer@wiley.co.uk], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 59 IS - 6-7 SN - 1526-498X, 1526-498X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18804284?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pest+Management+Science&rft.atitle=United+States+Department+of+Agriculture-Agricultural+Research+Service+research+programs+on+microbes+for+management+of+plant-parasitic+nematodes&rft.au=Meyer%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=6-7&rft.spage=665&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pest+Management+Science&rft.issn=1526498X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fps.708 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.708 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production of mannitol and lactic acid by fermentation with Lactobacillus intermedius NRRL B-3693 AN - 18720509; 5600908 AB - Lactobacillus intermedius B-3693 was selected as a good producer of mannitol from fructose after screening 72 bacterial strains. The bacterium produced mannitol, lactic acid, and acetic acid from fructose in pH-controlled batch fermentation. Typical yields of mannitol, lactic acid, and acetic acid from 250 g/L fructose were 0.70, 0.16, and 0.12 g, respectively per g of fructose. The fermentation time was greatly dependent on fructose concentration but the product yields were not dependent on fructose level. Fed-batch fermentation decreased the time of maximum mannitol production from fructose (300 g/L) from 136 to 92 h. One-third of fructose could be replaced with glucose, maltose, galactose, mannose, raffinose, or starch with glucoamylase (simultaneous saccharification and fermentation), and two-thirds of fructose could be replaced with sucrose. L. intermedius B-3693 did not co-utilize lactose, cellobiose, glycerol, or xylose with fructose. It produced lactic acid and ethanol but no acetic acid from glucose. The bacterium produced 21.3 +/- 0.6 g lactic acid, 10.5 +/- 0.3 g acetic acid, and 4.7 +/- 0.0 g ethanol per L of fermentation broth from dilute acid (15% solids, 0.5% H sub(2)SO sub(4), 121 degree C, 1 h) pretreated enzyme (cellulase, beta -glucosidase) saccharified corn fiber hydrolyzate. JF - Biotechnology and Bioengineering AU - Saha, B C AU - Nakamura, L K AD - Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois 61604, sahabc@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 864 EP - 871 VL - 82 IS - 7 SN - 0006-3592, 0006-3592 KW - fructose KW - lactic acid KW - mannitol KW - saccharification KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - A 01015:Fermentation & related processes KW - W2 32580:Fermentation and process engineering KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 320:Cell Culture & Batch Fermentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18720509?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+an+experimental+chlorate+compound+on+Salmonella+recovery+of+Turkeys+when+administered+prior+to+feed+and+water+withdrawal&rft.au=Moore%2C+R+W%3BByrd%2C+JA%3BKnape%2C+K+D%3BAnderson%2C+R+C%3BCallaway%2C+T+R%3BEdrington%2C+T+S%3BKubena%2C+L+F%3BNisbet%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.10638 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A major QTL for common bacterial blight resistance derives from the common bean great northern landrace cultivar Montana No.5 AN - 18715655; 5603664 AB - Knowledge of the evolutionary origin and sources of pest resistance genes will facilitate gene deployment and development of crop cultivars with durable resistance. Our objective was to determine the source of common bacterial blight (CBB) resistance in the common bean Great Northern Nebraska NUMBER SIGN1 (GNNUMBER SIGN1) and GNNUMBER SIGN1 Selection 27 (GNNUMBER SIGN1 Sel 27). Several great northern cultivars including GNNUMBER SIGN1, GNNUMBER SIGN1 Sel 27, and Montana No.5 (the female parent of the common x tepary bean interspecific population from which GN NUMBER SIGN1 and GN NUMBER SIGN 1 Sel 27 were derived) and known susceptible checks were evaluated for CBB reaction in field and greenhouse environments. These genotypes and CBB resistant and susceptible tepary bean including Tepary NUMBER SIGN4, the male parent and presumed contributor of CBB resistance to GNNUMBER SIGN1 and GNNUMBER SIGN1 Sel 27, were assayed for presence or absence of three SCAR markers tightly linked with independent QTLs conditioning CBB resistance. The parents and F sub(2) of Montana No. 5/GN NUMBER SIGN1 Sel 27 and Montana No.5/Othello (CBB susceptible) were screened for CBB reaction and SCAR markers. CBB resistance in Montana No.5 was comparable to that of GNNUMBER SIGN1 and GNNUMBER SIGN1 Sel 27. The SAP6 SCAR marker present in GNNUMBER SIGN1 and GNNUMBER SIGN1 Sel 27 was also present in Montana No.5, and it co-segregated (R super(2) =35%) with the CBB resistance in the Montana No.5/Othello F sub(2) population. Although a few CBB resistant and susceptible transgressive segregants were found in the F sub(2) of Montana No.5/GN NUMBER SIGN1 Sel 27 and later confirmed by F sub(3) progeny tests, SAP6 SCAR marker was present in all progenies. None of the tepary bean specific CBB resistance-linked SCAR markers were present in GNNUMBER SIGN1, GNNUMBER SIGN1 Sel 27, or Montana No.5. A cluster analysis of 169 polymorphic PCR-based markers across three common bean and Tepary NUMBER SIGN4 indicated that GNNUMBER SIGN1, GNNUMBER SIGN1 Sel 27, and Montana No.5 were closely related, and not related at all with Tepary NUMBER SIGN4. Thus, these results clearly indicate Montana No.5, not Tepary NUMBER SIGN4, as the source of CBB resistance in GNNUMBER SIGN1 and GNNUMBER SIGN1 Sel 27. JF - Euphytica AU - Miklas, P N AU - Coyne, D P AU - Grafton, K F AU - Mutlu, N AU - Reiser, J AU - Lindgren, D T AU - Singh, S P AD - USDA, ARS, 24106 North Bunn Road, Prosser, WA 99350, U.S.A. Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 137 EP - 146 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 131 IS - 1 SN - 0014-2336, 0014-2336 KW - common bean KW - green bean KW - string bean KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Genetics Abstracts KW - A 01030:General KW - G 07354:Dicotyledons (crops) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18715655?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Euphytica&rft.atitle=A+major+QTL+for+common+bacterial+blight+resistance+derives+from+the+common+bean+great+northern+landrace+cultivar+Montana+No.5&rft.au=Miklas%2C+P+N%3BCoyne%2C+D+P%3BGrafton%2C+K+F%3BMutlu%2C+N%3BReiser%2C+J%3BLindgren%2C+D+T%3BSingh%2C+S+P&rft.aulast=Miklas&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=131&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Euphytica&rft.issn=00142336&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of an exotic species, Acroptilon repens (L.) DC. on seedling emergence and growth of native grasses AN - 18715288; 5604008 AB - Our objective was to evaluate the effects of an invasive perennial forb, Acroptilon repens (Russian knapweed), on seed emergence and seedling survival of four native grass species that are important in semiarid grasslands of North America. Greenhouse experiments and field studies conducted at three sites in Colorado, USA were used to examine the response by four perennial grasses: Bouteloua gracilis, Koelaria cristata, Sporobolus cryptandrus, and Agropyon smithii to A. repens. In the greenhouse, seeds of each species were sown in pots that contained either live A. repens roots, A. repens litter on the soil surface, or both roots and litter. Field transects were placed inside stands of A. repens with adjacent control transects in the surrounding grass-dominated community. Emergence and initial survival were decreased by the presence of A. repens roots for K. cristata (35%), B. gracilis (31%), and S. cryptandrus (44%) in the greenhouse, and 57, 32, and 36%, respectively, in the field. Root weight was decreased by the presence of A. repens roots for both B. gracilis and K. cristata by more than 55% in the greenhouse. A. smithii survival and growth were unaffected by A. repens in either the greenhouse or the field. These species-specific responses to the presence of A. repens may explain, at least in part, differences in susceptibility and recovery of sites with different native grass species composition. JF - Plant Ecology AU - Grant, D W AU - Peters, D P AU - Beck, G K AU - Fraleigh, H D AD - Graduate Degree Program in Ecology & Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, 80523, USA; Current address: Crops Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Fort Collins, 80523, USA Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 157 EP - 166 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 166 IS - 2 SN - 1385-0237, 1385-0237 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04115:Temperate grasslands UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18715288?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Genetic+manipulation+of+alfalfa+and+Medicago+truncatula+for+organic+acid+secretion+and+metal+tolerance&rft.au=Samac%2C+D&rft.aulast=Samac&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A facile reactor process for producing 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid from oleic acid conversion by Pseudomonas aeruginosa AN - 18714641; 5601811 AB - Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PR3 (NRRL B-18602) converts oleic acid to a novel compound, 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid (DOD). The bioconversion was scaled up in a 7-1 bench-top, stirred-batch reactor to produce DOD for testing of potential industrial uses. Aeration was supplied continuously from the top through two ports on the headplate and periodically through a bottom sparger, in conjunction with the use of marine impellers for agitation. This unique aeration arrangement maintained the dissolved O sub(2) concentration in the 40-60% range during the period of maximal bioconversion and it also avoided excessive medium foaming during the reaction. Furthermore, the level of dissolved O sub(2) in the first 24 h of reaction played an important role in the initial rate of DOD production. DOD production reached a plateau after 72 h with a yield up to 100 g (or 50% recovery) from a total of 9 l medium from two reactors run simultaneously. The final culture broth was processed using newly adapted procedures in the pilot plant that included crystallization of DOD from ethyl acetate solution at -15 degree C. The newly developed bioprocess will serve as a platform for the scale-up production of other value-added products derived from vegetable oils and their component fatty acids. JF - Biotechnology Letters AU - Kuo, T M AU - Ray, K J AU - Manthey, L K AD - Microbial Genomics and Bioprocessing Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA-ARS, Peoria, IL 61604, USA, kuotm@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/01/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jan 01 SP - 29 EP - 33 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 25 IS - 1 SN - 0141-5492, 0141-5492 KW - 7,10-Dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid KW - 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid KW - oleic acid KW - Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Crystallization KW - Bioreactors KW - Pseudomonas aeruginosa KW - Agitation KW - Dissolved oxygen KW - A 01002:Acids, amino acids, peptides & proteins KW - W2 32580:Fermentation and process engineering KW - W4 320:Cell Culture & Batch Fermentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18714641?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.atitle=A+facile+reactor+process+for+producing+7%2C10-dihydroxy-8%28E%29-octadecenoic+acid+from+oleic+acid+conversion+by+Pseudomonas+aeruginosa&rft.au=Kuo%2C+T+M%3BRay%2C+K+J%3BManthey%2C+L+K&rft.aulast=Kuo&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.issn=01415492&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Crystallization; Bioreactors; Agitation; Dissolved oxygen; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dietary influences on terpenoids sequestered by the biological control agent Oxyops vitiosa: effect of plant volatiles from different Melaleuca quinquenervia chemotypes and laboratory host species AN - 18703036; 5595787 AB - The weevil Oxyops vitiosa is an Australian species imported to Florida, USA, for the biological control of the invasive species Melaleuca quinquenervia. The larvae of this species feed on the leaves of their host and produce a shiny orange secretion that covers their integument. Previous results indicated that a major component of this secretion, viridiflorol, is sequestered from the host plant and repels a generalist predator, the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta. When the larvae fed on a different chemotype of M. quinquenervia, which lacked viridiflorol but was rich in a different sesquiterpene, (E)-nerolidol, similar protection occurred. Solvent washes of these larvae indicated that (E)-nerolidol was sequestered from M. quinquenervia leaves and repelled S. invicta workers when applied to dog food baits at physiological concentrations (17.5, 35.0, and 52.5 mu g/mg). Additionally, beta -caryophyllene also repelled S. invicta workers when applied to dog food baits at concentrations that approximated those in the O. vitiosa larval secretions (3.5 and 35 mu g/mg). When the O. vitiosa larvae were fed leaves from laboratory hosts (nonfield hosts), similar repellent activity was found. This activity was traced to several of the same compounds (e.g., 1,8-cineole, viridiflorol) found to be active in their field host M. quinquenervia. These weevil larvae are opportunistic, sequestering the primary terpenoids in their host leaves that confer antipredator activity. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Wheeler, G S AU - Massey, L M AU - Southwell, IA AD - USDA/ARS Invasive Plant Research Lab, 3205 College Avenue, Ft Lauderdale, Florida 33314, USA, wheelerg@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 189 EP - 208 VL - 29 IS - 1 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Bottle brush tree KW - Coleoptera KW - Curculionidae KW - Weevils KW - laboratories KW - terpenoids KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18703036?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Variations+in+levels+of+acid+phosphatase+in+chicken+whole+leg+meat&rft.au=Jones%3BFletcher%2C+D+L%3BLyon%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lactic acid production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing a Rhizopus oryzae lactate dehydrogenase gene AN - 18701082; 5584820 AB - This work demonstrates the first example of a fungal lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) expressed in yeast. A L(+)-LDH gene, ldhA, from the filamentous fungus Rhizopus oryzae was modified to be expressed under control of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae adh1 promoter and terminator and then placed in a 2 mu -containing yeast-replicating plasmid. The resulting construct, pLdhA68X, was transformed and tested by fermentation analyses in haploid and diploid yeast containing similar genetic backgrounds. Both recombinant strains utilized 92 g glucose/l in approximately 30 h. The diploid isolate accumulated approximately 40% more lactic acid with a final concentration of 38 g lactic acid/l and a yield of 0.44 g lactic acid/g glucose. The optimal pH for lactic acid production by the diploid strain was pH 5. LDH activity in this strain remained relatively constant at 1.5 units/mg protein throughout the fermentation. The majority of carbon was still diverted to the ethanol fermentation pathway, as indicated by ethanol yields between 0.25-0.33 g/g glucose. S. cerevisiae mutants impaired in ethanol production were transformed with pLdhA68X in an attempt to increase the lactic acid yield by minimizing the conversion of pyruvate to ethanol. Mutants with diminished pyruvate decarboxylase activity and mutants with disrupted alcohol dehydrogenase activity did result in transformants with diminished ethanol production. However, the efficiency of lactic acid production also decreased. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Skory, C D AD - Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA Agricultural Research Service, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA, skorycd@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 22 EP - 27 VL - 30 IS - 1 SN - 1367-5435, 1367-5435 KW - budding yeast KW - ethanol KW - gene expression KW - lactic acid KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - A 01002:Acids, amino acids, peptides & proteins KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 320:Cell Culture & Batch Fermentation KW - W2 32360:Organic acids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18701082?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Lactic+acid+production+by+Saccharomyces+cerevisiae+expressing+a+Rhizopus+oryzae+lactate+dehydrogenase+gene&rft.au=Skory%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Skory&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=22&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10295-002-0004-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10295-002-0004-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - High Dietary Fructose Compared With Corn Starch Does Not Heighten Changes in Copper Absorption, Retention, or Status Indicators in Men Fed Low Dietary Copper AN - 18690290; 5581456 AB - In experimental animals, high dietary fructose exacerbates signs of copper deficiency in rats. Thus, an experiment was performed to determine whether high dietary fructose affected copper metabolism and copper status indicators in healthy men who were fed low dietary copper. Six men aged 27 to 37 years completed a metabolic unit study divided into four 7-week dietary periods with a randomized, double-blind, 2 x 2 factorial design with variables of 0.6 or 2.6 mg Cu/2500 kcal and fructose or corn starch as 20% of energy. Twice during each dietary period the men consumed a standardized breakfast meal labeled with 2.5 mu Ci super(67)Cu, then were counted daily in a whole-body counter for 3 weeks after each meal. At the end of each dietary period, blood was collected to assess copper status. Neither type of dietary carbohydrate nor intake of copper significantly affected super(67)Cu absorption, but copper deprivation resulted in a negative copper balance. The source of dietary carbohydrate did not affect the biological half-life of copper, but it was significantly (P < 0.001) longer when dietary copper was low (35 plus or minus 11 d; mean plus or minus SD) than when supplemented (20 plus or minus 5 days). The natural log of the biological half-life directly correlated with plasma copper (r = 0.498; P = 0.001) and immunoreactive, or radial immunodiffusion, ceruloplasmin (RID Cp; r = 0.394; P = 0.013), and was inversely related to glutathione (r = -0.510, P = 0.03). When high dietary fructose was fed, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity and RID Cp was lower, and the enzymatic ceruloplasmin/RID Cp ratio was higher during copper depletion than during repletion; just the opposite occurred when corn starch was fed. No other copper status indicator was affected by an interaction between dietary carbohydrate and copper or was heightened by high dietary fructose. The results indicate that men fed approximately 0.6 mg Cu/d for 7 weeks attempted to adapt to this low intake by retaining absorbed copper longer. The adaptation was inadequate because copper balance became negative. However, although copper status was decreased, the response of men to short-term dietary copper deprivation was not heightened by high dietary fructose. JF - Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine AU - Milne, D B AU - Nielsen, F H AD - USDA, ARS, GFHNRC, P.O. Box 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9034, USA, fnielsen@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 27 EP - 38 VL - 16 IS - 1 SN - 0896-548X, 0896-548X KW - absorption KW - corn starch KW - man KW - retention KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24163:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18690290?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Trace+Elements+in+Experimental+Medicine&rft.atitle=High+Dietary+Fructose+Compared+With+Corn+Starch+Does+Not+Heighten+Changes+in+Copper+Absorption%2C+Retention%2C+or+Status+Indicators+in+Men+Fed+Low+Dietary+Copper&rft.au=Milne%2C+D+B%3BNielsen%2C+F+H&rft.aulast=Milne&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Trace+Elements+in+Experimental+Medicine&rft.issn=0896548X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fjtra.10021 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jtra.10021 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mechanisms employed by Trichoderma species in the biological control of plant diseases: The history and evolution of current concepts AN - 18668845; 5568754 AB - Fungal species belonging to the genus Trichoderma are worldwide in occurrence and easily isolated from soil, decaying wood, and other forms of plant organic matter. They are, for the most part, classified as imperfect fungi, in that they have no known sexual stage. Rapid growth rate in culture and the production of numerous spores (conidia) that are varying shades of green characterize fungi in this genus. The reverse side of colonies is often uncolored, buff, yellow, amber, or yellow-green, and many species produce prodigious quantities of thick-walled spores (chlamydospores) in submerged mycelium (8). The potential of Trichoderma species as bio-control agents of plant diseases was first recognized in the early 1930s (31), and in subsequent years, control of many diseases has been added to the list (1,3,5,7,9,11,19,23,29,34,37,40). This has culminated in the commercial production of several Trichoderma species for the protection and growth enhancement of a number of crops in the United States (24), and in the production of Trichoderma species and mixtures of species in India, Israel, New Zealand, and Sweden (D. R. Fravel, personal communication). JF - Plant Disease AU - Howell, C R AD - USDA/ARS Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, 2765 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA, chowell@cpru.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 4 EP - 10 VL - 87 IS - 1 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18668845?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Mechanisms+employed+by+Trichoderma+species+in+the+biological+control+of+plant+diseases%3A+The+history+and+evolution+of+current+concepts&rft.au=Howell%2C+C+R&rft.aulast=Howell&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=4&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - GrainGenes, the genome database for small-grain crops AN - 18667179; 5561636 AB - GrainGenes, http://www.graingenes.org, is the international database for the wheat, barley, rye and oat genomes. For these species it is the primary repository for information about genetic maps, mapping probes and primers, genes, alleles and QTLs. Documentation includes such data as primer sequences, polymorphism descriptions, genotype and trait scoring data, experimental protocols used, and photographs of marker polymorphisms, disease symptoms and mutant phenotypes. These data, curated with the help of many members of the research community, are integrated with sequence and bibliographic records selected from external databases and results of BLAST searches of the ESTs. Records are linked to corresponding records in other important databases, e.g. Gramene's EST homologies to rice BAC/PACs, TIGR's Gene Indices and GenBank. In addition to this information within the GrainGenes database itself, the GrainGenes homepage at http://wheat.pw.usda.gov provides many other community resources including publications (the annual newsletters for wheat, barley and oat, monographs and articles), individual datasets (mapping and QTL studies, polymorphism surveys, variety performance evaluations), specialized databases (Triticeae repeat sequences, EST unigene sets) and pages to facilitate coordination of cooperative research efforts in specific areas such as SNP development, EST-SSRs and taxonomy. The goal is to serve as a central point for obtaining and contributing information about the genetics and biology of these cereal crops. JF - Nucleic Acids Research AU - Matthews, DE AU - Carollo, V L AU - Lazo, G R AU - Anderson, O D AD - USDA-ARS, Department of Plant Breeding, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850-1901, USA, matthews@greengenes.cit.cornell.edu Y1 - 2003/01/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jan 01 SP - 183 EP - 186 VL - 31 IS - 1 SN - 0305-1048, 0305-1048 KW - Barley KW - Expressed sequence tags KW - GrainGenes KW - P1 artificial chromosomes KW - Rye KW - Wheat KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - N 14100:Reviews KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 350:Bioinformatics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18667179?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nucleic+Acids+Research&rft.atitle=GrainGenes%2C+the+genome+database+for+small-grain+crops&rft.au=Matthews%2C+DE%3BCarollo%2C+V+L%3BLazo%2C+G+R%3BAnderson%2C+O+D&rft.aulast=Matthews&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nucleic+Acids+Research&rft.issn=03051048&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Resistance of Geneva and other apple rootstocks to Erwinia amylovora AN - 18665652; 5568755 AB - When vigorously growing shoots of 49 different apple rootstocks grown in a greenhouse were inoculated with different strains of Erwinia amylovora, Budagovsky 9 (B.9), Ottawa 3, Malling 9, and Malling 26 were the most fire blight susceptible rootstocks and Geneva 11, Geneva 65, Geneva 16, Geneva 30, Pillnitzer Au51-11, Malling 7, and several breeding selections were the most resistant. Significant strain-rootstock interactions were observed in the amount of fire blight that resulted from inoculation. Field-grown fruiting 'Royal Gala' trees on Geneva 16 and Geneva 30 rootstocks were highly resistant to rootstock infection (no tree mortality) when trees sustained severe blossom infection with E. amylovora, compared with Malling 9 and Malling 26 rootstock clones, which were highly susceptible to infection (36 to 100% tree mortality). In contrast to potted own-rooted B.9 plants inoculated in a greenhouse, B.9 rootstocks of orchard trees appeared resistant to rootstock infection (0% tree mortality). Orchard trees on Geneva 11 were moderately resistant to rootstock infection (25% tree mortality). There was general agreement in the evaluation of resistance under orchard conditions when rootstock resistance was evaluated in relation to controlled blossom inoculation or to natural blossom infection. JF - Plant Disease AU - Norelli, J L AU - Holleran, H T AU - Johnson, W C AU - Robinson, T L AU - Aldwinckle, H S AD - USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA, jnorelli@afrs.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 26 EP - 32 VL - 87 IS - 1 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18665652?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Resistance+of+Geneva+and+other+apple+rootstocks+to+Erwinia+amylovora&rft.au=Norelli%2C+J+L%3BHolleran%2C+H+T%3BJohnson%2C+W+C%3BRobinson%2C+T+L%3BAldwinckle%2C+H+S&rft.aulast=Norelli&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=26&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Virulence of Rhizoctonia oryzae on wheat and barley cultivars from the Pacific Northwest AN - 18663972; 5568757 AB - Rhizoctonia oryzae (teleomorph = Waitea circinata) causes sheath spot of rice and root rot of wheat and barley. R. oryzae commonly is isolated from barley, wheat, and pea plants in eastern Washington and Idaho. Eight representative isolates were tested for virulence on spring barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Baronesse), soft white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Madsen), and hard red spring wheat (cv. Scarlet) planted in natural soil in the greenhouse and maintained at 16 degree C. All isolates caused significant reduction of emergence in barley, but only seven of the eight isolates and one of the eight isolates reduced emergence of winter wheat and spring wheat, respectively. All isolates caused significant stunting and reduction in the number of seminal roots, root length, and number of root tips on wheat and barley. Some isolates also reduced the frequency of fine secondary roots, resulting in a reduction of the average root diameter. Spring barley was more susceptible to R. oryzae than winter or spring wheat. The main effects of both cultivar and isolate were significant, and there was a significant isolate-cultivar interaction. R. oryzae isolate 80042 was the most virulent on barley, whereas R. oryzae isolate 801387 was the most virulent on wheat. The two isolates from pea were intermediate in virulence on wheat and barley. When screening germ plasm for potential resistance, isolates exhibiting the maximum virulence for each host should be used. JF - Plant Disease AU - Paulitz, T C AU - Smith, J D AU - Kidwell, K K AD - USDA-ARS, Root Disease and Biological Control Lab, Washington State University, Pullman 99164-6420, WA, USA, paulitz@wsu.edu Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 51 EP - 55 VL - 87 IS - 1 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Barley KW - Wheat KW - sheath spot KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18663972?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Virulence+of+Rhizoctonia+oryzae+on+wheat+and+barley+cultivars+from+the+Pacific+Northwest&rft.au=Paulitz%2C+T+C%3BSmith%2C+J+D%3BKidwell%2C+K+K&rft.aulast=Paulitz&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Data Analysis for Quantitative Comparison of Microbial Communities AN - 18655542; 5563110 AB - Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) is a culture- independent method of obtaining a genetic fingerprint of the composition of a microbial community. Comparisons of the utility of different methods of (i) including peaks, (ii) computing the difference (or distance) between profiles, and (iii) performing statistical analysis were made by using replicated profiles of eubacterial communities. These samples included soil collected from three regions of the United States, soil fractions derived from three agronomic field treatments, soil samples taken from within one meter of each other in an alfalfa field, and replicate laboratory bioreactors. Cluster analysis by Ward's method and by the unweighted-pair group method using arithmetic averages (UPGMA) were compared. Ward's method was more effective at differentiating major groups within sets of profiles; UPGMA had a slightly reduced error rate in clustering of replicate profiles and was more sensitive to outliers. Most replicate profiles were clustered together when relative peak height or Hellinger- transformed peak height was used, in contrast to raw peak height. Redundancy analysis was more effective than cluster analysis at detecting differences between similar samples. Redundancy analysis using Hellinger distance was more sensitive than that using Euclidean distance between relative peak height profiles. Analysis of Jaccard distance between profiles, which considers only the presence or absence of a terminal restriction fragment, was the most sensitive in redundancy analysis, and was equally sensitive in cluster analysis, if all profiles had cumulative peak heights greater than 10,000 fluorescence units. It is concluded that T-RFLP is a sensitive method of differentiating between microbial communities when the optimal statistical method is used for the situation at hand. It is recommended that hypothesis testing be performed by redundancy analysis of Hellinger-transformed data and that exploratory data analysis be performed by cluster analysis using Ward's method to find natural groups or by UPGMA to identify potential outliers. Analyses can also be based on Jaccard distance if all profiles have cumulative peak heights greater than 10,000 fluorescence units. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Blackwood, C B AU - Marsh, T AU - Kim, S AU - Paul, E A AD - Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Bldg. 001 Rm. 140, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, blackwoc@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 926 EP - 932 VL - 69 IS - 2 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Hellinger-transformed data KW - Ward's method KW - bacteria KW - enumeration KW - profiles KW - statistics KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18655542?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Terminal+Restriction+Fragment+Length+Polymorphism+Data+Analysis+for+Quantitative+Comparison+of+Microbial+Communities&rft.au=Blackwood%2C+C+B%3BMarsh%2C+T%3BKim%2C+S%3BPaul%2C+E+A&rft.aulast=Blackwood&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=926&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.69.2.926-932.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.2.926-932.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development and characterization of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and their use in determining relationships among Lycopersicon esculentum cultivars AN - 18641371; 5554341 AB - The simple sequence repeat (SSR) or microsatellite marker is currently the preferred molecular marker due to its highly desirable properties. The aim of this study was to develop and characterize more SSR markers because the number of SSR markers currently available in tomato is very limited. Five hundred DNA sequences of tomato were searched for SSRs and analyzed for the design of PCR primers. Of the 158 pairs of SSR primers screened against a set of 19 diverse tomato cultivars, 129 pairs produced the expected DNA fragments in their PCR products, and 65 of them were polymorphic with the polymorphism information content (PIC) ranging from 0.09 to 0.67. Among the polymorphic loci, 2-6 SSR alleles were detected for each locus with an average of 2.7 alleles per locus; 49.2% of these loci had two alleles and 33.8% had three alleles. The vast majority (93.8%) of the microsatellite loci contained di- or tri-nucleotide repeats and only 6.2% had tetra- and penta-nucleotide repeats. It was also found that TA/AT was the most frequent type of repeat, and the polymorphism information content (PIC) was positively correlated with the number of repeats. The set of 19 tomato cultivars were clustered based on the banding patterns generated by the 65 polymorphic SSR loci. Since the markers developed in this study are primarily from expressed sequences, they can be used not only for molecular mapping, cultivar identification and marker-assisted selection, but for identifying gene-trait relations in tomato. JF - Theoretical and Applied Genetics AU - He, C AU - Poysa, V AU - Yu, K AD - Greenhouse and Processing Crops Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Harrow, ON N0R 1G0, Canada, hec@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 363 EP - 373 PB - Springer-Verlag, [URL:http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00122/bibs/3106 002/31060363.htm] VL - 106 IS - 2 SN - 0040-5752, 0040-5752 KW - Simple sequence repeats KW - tomato KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - G 07354:Dicotyledons (crops) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 310:Agricultural Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18641371?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Theoretical+and+Applied+Genetics&rft.atitle=Development+and+characterization+of+simple+sequence+repeat+%28SSR%29+markers+and+their+use+in+determining+relationships+among+Lycopersicon+esculentum+cultivars&rft.au=He%2C+C%3BPoysa%2C+V%3BYu%2C+K&rft.aulast=He&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=363&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Theoretical+and+Applied+Genetics&rft.issn=00405752&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00122-002-1076-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00122-002-1076-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conservation genetics of the fisher (Martes pennanti ) based on mitochondrial DNA sequencing AN - 18641227; 5544887 AB - Translocation of animals to re-establish extirpated populations or to maintain declining ones has often been carried out without genetic information on source or target populations, or adequate consideration of the potential effects of mixing genetic stocks. We consider the conservation status of the fisher (Martes pennanti) and evaluate the potential genetic consequences of past and future translocations on this medium-sized carnivore by examining population variation in mitochondrial control-region sequences. We sampled populations throughout the fisher's range in North America including five populations unaffected by translocations and two western populations that had received long-distance translocations. Twelve haplotypes showed little sequence divergence. Haplotype frequencies differed significantly among subspecies and between populations within subspecies. Analysis of molecular variance (amova) and neighbour-joining analyses of haplotype relationships revealed population subdivision similar to current subspecies designations, but which may reflect an isolation-by-distance pattern. Populations in Oregon and in Montana and Idaho received several translocations and each showed greater similarity to the populations where translocations originated than to adjacent populations. Additional sequences obtained from museum specimens collected prior to any translocations suggest historical gene flow among populations in British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and California. Anthropogenic impacts in that region have greatly reduced and isolated extant populations in Oregon and California. Future translocations may be necessary to recover populations in Washington and portions of Oregon and California; our results indicate that British Columbia would be the most appropriate source population. JF - Molecular Ecology AU - Drew, R E AU - Hallett, J G AU - Aubry, K B AU - Cullings, K W AU - Koepf, S M AU - Zielinski, W J AD - School of Biological Sciences, Box 644236, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Olympia, WA 98512, USA, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA, Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, USA, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Arcata, CA 95521 USA, hallett@wsu.edu Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 51 EP - 62 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 12 IS - 1 SN - 0962-1083, 0962-1083 KW - Fisher KW - Ecology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - G 07405:Carnivora KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18641227?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Ecology&rft.atitle=Conservation+genetics+of+the+fisher+%28Martes+pennanti+%29+based+on+mitochondrial+DNA+sequencing&rft.au=Drew%2C+R+E%3BHallett%2C+J+G%3BAubry%2C+K+B%3BCullings%2C+K+W%3BKoepf%2C+S+M%3BZielinski%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Drew&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Ecology&rft.issn=09621083&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-294X.2003.01715.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01715.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of subtherapeutic concentrations of tylosin on the inhibitory stringency of a mixed anaerobe continuous-flow culture of chicken microflora against Escherichia coli O157:H7 AN - 18638532; 5544938 AB - Aims: The aim of this study was twofold: first to determine the effect of subtherapeutic concentrations of tylosin, a macrolide antibiotic used for growth promotion, on a mixed anaerobic continuous-flow fermentation culture of chicken gastrointestinal microorganisms (CCF) and secondly, to determine if these concentrations would allow persistence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in CCF. Methods and Results: CCF was treated with tylosin at 10.0, 20.0 and 40.0 mu g ml super(-1). Tylosin treatment resulted in a significant (P < 0.0001) decrease in total volatile fatty acids (VFAs) from a mean concentration of 101 plus or minus 10.8 mu mol ml super(-1) in control cultures to 32.0 plus or minus 6.3 and 40.2 plus or minus 9.6 mu mol ml super(-1) in 10 and 40 mu g ml super(-1) treated cultures, respectively. Untreated CCF challenged with E. coli O157:H7 cleared the challenge microorganism in 7 days at a rate of 0.96 log sub(10) CFU ml super(-1) day super(-1). In contrast, E. coli O157:H7 persisted in all tylosin treated cultures. Conclusions: In the presence of tylosin, E. coli O157:H7 was able to persist in the CCF culture. The significant decrease in the production of VFAs may have been a contributing factor. Significance and Impact of the Study: The use of low-level, growth-promoting antimicrobials may compromise the ability of normal microflora that serve as a natural host defence against infection. JF - Journal of Applied Microbiology AU - Poole, T AU - Genovese, K AU - Knape, K AU - Callaway, T AU - Bischoff, K AU - Nisbet, D AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, College Station Texas, USA, poole@ffsru.tamu.edu Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 73 EP - 79 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 94 IS - 1 SN - 1364-5072, 1364-5072 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18638532?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+subtherapeutic+concentrations+of+tylosin+on+the+inhibitory+stringency+of+a+mixed+anaerobe+continuous-flow+culture+of+chicken+microflora+against+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7&rft.au=Poole%2C+T%3BGenovese%2C+K%3BKnape%2C+K%3BCallaway%2C+T%3BBischoff%2C+K%3BNisbet%2C+D&rft.aulast=Poole&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=13645072&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2672.2003.01802.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.01802.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Functional convergence in plant responses to the environment AN - 18638481; 5540553 AB - Much comparative ecophysiological research has focused on contrasting species-specific behavior or ecological strategies with regard to regulation of basic physiological processes such as transpiration, photosynthesis and growth, leading to an emphasis on divergence rather than convergence in plant functioning. This review highlights selected examples in which substantial functional convergence among taxonomically, phylogenetically and architecturally diverse species has been revealed by applying appropriate scaling factors and identifying universal constraints or trade-offs. Recent empirical and theoretical scaling models emphasize the strong role that plant size, architecture, allometry and chemistry play in constraining functional traits related to water and carbon economy and growth. Taken together, the findings summarized here strongly suggest that there are a limited number of physiological solutions to a given problem of plant adaptation to the environment. Comparative ecophysiological studies will therefore benefit from consideration of the constraints that plant anatomical, structural and chemical attributes place on physiological functioning. JF - Oecologia AU - Meinzer, F I AD - USDA Forest Service, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA, fmeinzer@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Springer-Verlag, [URL:http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00442/bibs/3134 001/31340001.htm] VL - 134 IS - 1 SN - 0029-8549, 0029-8549 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04625:Plants - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18638481?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oecologia&rft.atitle=Functional+convergence+in+plant+responses+to+the+environment&rft.au=Meinzer%2C+F+I&rft.aulast=Meinzer&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=134&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oecologia&rft.issn=00298549&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00442-002-1088-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-002-1088-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cognitive deficits induced by super(56)Fe radiation exposure AN - 18638376; 5552114 AB - Exposing rats to particles of high energy and charge (e.g. super(56)Fe) disrupts neuronal systems and the behaviors mediated by them; these adverse behavioral and neuronal effects are similar to those seen in aged animals. Because cognition declines with age, and our previous study showed that radiation disrupted Morris water maze spatial learning and memory performance, the present study used an 8-arm radial maze (RAM) to further test the cognitive behavioral consequences of radiation exposure. Control rats or rats exposed to whole-body irradiation with 1.0 Gy of 1 GeV/n high-energy super(56)Fe particles (delivered at the alternating gradient synchrotron at Brookhaven National Laboratory) were tested nine months following exposure. Radiation adversely affected RAM performance, and the changes seen parallel those of aging. Irradiated animals entered baited arms during the first 4 choices significantly less than did controls, produced their first error sooner, and also tended to make more errors as measured by re-entries into non-baited arms. These results show that irradiation with high-energy particles produces age-like decrements in cognitive behavior that may impair the ability of astronauts to perform critical tasks during long-term space travel beyond the magnetosphere. JF - Advances in Space Research AU - Shukitt-Hale, B AU - Casadesus, G AU - Cantuti-Castelvetri, I AU - Rabin, B M AU - Joseph, JA AD - USDA-ARS, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 119 EP - 126 VL - 31 IS - 1 SN - 0273-1177, 0273-1177 KW - rats KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24210:Radiation & radioactive materials KW - M2 52:C. Astrophysics (52) KW - M2 551.521.6:Cosmic (551.521.6) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18638376?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+Space+Research&rft.atitle=Cognitive+deficits+induced+by+super%2856%29Fe+radiation+exposure&rft.au=Shukitt-Hale%2C+B%3BCasadesus%2C+G%3BCantuti-Castelvetri%2C+I%3BRabin%2C+B+M%3BJoseph%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Shukitt-Hale&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+Space+Research&rft.issn=02731177&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0273-1177%2802%2900878-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00878-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of termites and straw mulch on soil nitrogen in a creosotebush (Larrea tridentata) dominated Chihuahuan desert ecosystem AN - 18633055; 5539549 AB - The effects of organic matter (wheat straw) and subterranean termites on concentrations of soil nitrogen were measured on insecticide-treated plots to eliminate-termites and by adding straw mulch to insecticide-treated and insecticide-untreated plots. Soil nitrogen was significantly higher, 435 mg g super(-1) soil at 0-5 cm depth on plots with no termites than on plots with termites (340 mg g super(-1) soil). There were no differences in total soil nitrogen at soil depths of 5-10 cm. Soil nitrogen was higher in soils with termites than in soils with termites excluded on straw-amended plots. On the plots without straw amendments, total soil nitrogen was higher in soils without termites than in soils with termites present. Termites had no significant effect on total soil nitrogen under shrub canopies in comparison with intercanopy soils. The addition of straw mulch did not result in higher soil nitrogen content in soils without termites. Termites were more important as effectors of soil nitrogen than addition of organic matter in the form of wheat straw. Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. JF - Journal of Arid Environments AU - Brown, M F AU - Whitford, W G AD - USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, MSC 3JER, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, N M, 88003, U.S.A. Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 15 EP - 20 PB - Academic Press VL - 53 IS - 1 SN - 0140-1963, 0140-1963 KW - Isoptera KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05209:Soil entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18633055?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Arid+Environments&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+termites+and+straw+mulch+on+soil+nitrogen+in+a+creosotebush+%28Larrea+tridentata%29+dominated+Chihuahuan+desert+ecosystem&rft.au=Brown%2C+M+F%3BWhitford%2C+W+G&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Arid+Environments&rft.issn=01401963&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fjare.2002.1031 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jare.2002.1031 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Attachment of Listeria monocytogenes to Radish Tissue Is Dependent upon Temperature and Flagellar Motility AN - 18631483; 5540141 AB - Outbreaks of listeriosis and febrile gastroenteritis have been linked to produce contamination by Listeria monocytogenes. In order to begin to understand the physiology of the organism in a produce habitat, the ability of L. monocytogenes to attach to freshly cut radish tissue was examined. All strains tested had the capacity to attach sufficiently well such that they could not be removed during washing of the radish slices. A screen was developed to identify Tn917-LTV3 mutants that were defective in attachment to radish tissue, and three were characterized. Two of the three mutations were in genes with unknown functions. Both of the unknown genes mapped to a region predicted to contain genes necessary for flagellar export; however, only one of the two insertions caused a motility defect. The third insertion was found to be in an operon encoding a phosphoenolpyruvate-sugar phosphotransferase system. All three mutants were defective in attachment when tested at 30 degree C; the motility mutant had the most severe phenotype. However, not all of the mutants were defective when tested at other temperatures. These results indicate that L. monocytogenes may use different attachment factors at different temperatures and that temperature should be considered an important variable in studies of the molecular mechanisms of Listeria fitness in complex environments. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Gorski, L AU - Palumbo, J D AU - Mandrell, R E AD - USDA, ARS, WRRC, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, lgorski@pw.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 258 EP - 266 VL - 69 IS - 1 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02721:Cell cycle, morphology and motility UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18631483?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Attachment+of+Listeria+monocytogenes+to+Radish+Tissue+Is+Dependent+upon+Temperature+and+Flagellar+Motility&rft.au=Gorski%2C+L%3BPalumbo%2C+J+D%3BMandrell%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Gorski&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=258&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.69.1.258-266.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.1.258-266.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Novel Viral Disease Control Strategy: Adenovirus Expressing Alpha Interferon Rapidly Protects Swine from Foot-and-Mouth Disease AN - 18631410; 5540045 AB - We have previously shown that replication of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is highly sensitive to alpha/beta interferon (IFN-[alpha]/ beta ). In the present study, we constructed recombinant, replication-defective human adenovirus type 5 vectors containing either porcine IFN-[alpha] or IFN- beta (Ad5- pIFN[alpha] or Ad5-pIFN beta ). We demonstrated that cells infected with these viruses express high levels of biologically active IFN. Swine inoculated with 10 PFU of a control Ad5 virus lacking the IFN gene and challenged 24 h later with FMDV developed typical signs of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), including fever, vesicular lesions, and viremia. In contrast, swine inoculated with 10 PFU of Ad5-pIFN[alpha] were completely protected when challenged 24 h later with FMDV. These animals showed no clinical signs of FMD and no viremia and did not develop antibodies against viral nonstructural proteins, suggesting that complete protection from infection was achieved. JF - Journal of Virology AU - Chinsangaram, J AU - Moraes, M P AU - Koster, M AU - Grubman, MJ AD - Plum Island Animal Disease Center, USDA, ARS, NAA, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944, mgrubman@piadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 1621 EP - 1625 VL - 77 IS - 2 SN - 0022-538X, 0022-538X KW - man KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - W2 32365:Vaccines KW - V 22098:Immunization: Vaccines & vaccination: Animal KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18631410?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Virology&rft.atitle=Novel+Viral+Disease+Control+Strategy%3A+Adenovirus+Expressing+Alpha+Interferon+Rapidly+Protects+Swine+from+Foot-and-Mouth+Disease&rft.au=Chinsangaram%2C+J%3BMoraes%2C+M+P%3BKoster%2C+M%3BGrubman%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Chinsangaram&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=1621&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Virology&rft.issn=0022538X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJVI.77.2.1621-1625.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.77.2.1621-1625.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The understory and overstory partitioning of energy and water fluxes in an open canopy, semiarid woodland AN - 18631357; 5543537 AB - Eddy flux studies have traditionally focused on total ecosystem exchanges of energy and water by making measurements in the well-mixed surface layer, but this approach does not provide information about the partitioning of the total ecosystem fluxes between overstory and understory sources and sinks. In more open canopy environments, information about partitioning of fluxes is often required in order to understand the relative importance and functioning of key ecosystem components and their response to climate forcing. In this paper, we present results from a series of experiments carried out in a riparian mesquite (Prosopis velutina) woodland. Three eddy covariance systems were deployed before, during, and after the onset of the summer rainy season to measure energy and water fluxes. One eddy covariance system was installed on a tower to measure whole ecosystem fluxes. The other two were installed at a height of 2 m, one in a relatively closed understory patch and the other in a more open understory patch. Our results indicate that the understory and overstory moisture sources were mostly decoupled. The trees apparently had access to deep moisture sources, and thus, their water use was relatively insensitive to local precipitation. In contrast, the contribution of the understory to the total ecosystem fluxes was highly variable due to the presence or absence of near-surface soil moisture. JF - Agricultural and Forest Meteorology AU - Scott, R L AU - Watts, C AU - Payan, J G AU - Edwards, E AU - Goodrich, D C AU - Williams, D AU - Shuttleworth, W J AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 E. Allen Road, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA, rscott@tucson.ars.ag.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 127 EP - 139 VL - 114 IS - 3-4 SN - 0168-1923, 0168-1923 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Ecosystems KW - Turbulent fluxes in forests KW - Tree ecology KW - Energy flux KW - M2 551.551.8:Turbulent diffusion of momentum, heat, water vapour and aerosols (551.551.8) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18631357?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+and+Forest+Meteorology&rft.atitle=The+understory+and+overstory+partitioning+of+energy+and+water+fluxes+in+an+open+canopy%2C+semiarid+woodland&rft.au=Scott%2C+R+L%3BWatts%2C+C%3BPayan%2C+J+G%3BEdwards%2C+E%3BGoodrich%2C+D+C%3BWilliams%2C+D%3BShuttleworth%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+and+Forest+Meteorology&rft.issn=01681923&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0168-1923%2802%2900197-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Turbulent fluxes in forests; Ecosystems; Tree ecology; Energy flux DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1923(02)00197-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Magnitude and frequency of landsliding in a large New Zealand catchment AN - 18630582; 5531716 AB - Knowledge of long-term average rates of erosion is necessary if factors affecting sediment yields from catchments are to be understood. Without such information, it is not possible to assess the potential influence of extreme storms, and, therefore, to evaluate the relative importance of various components of a sediment budget. A study of the sediment budget for the Waipaoa catchment, North Island, New Zealand, included evaluation of long-term rates of landsliding for six landslide-prone land systems in the catchment. The number of landslides per unit area generated by each of several storms was counted on sequential aerial photographs and correlated with the magnitude of the corresponding storm. The resulting relationships were combined with magnitude-frequency relationships derived for storms from 70- to 100-year rainfall records in the area to estimate a long-term magnitude-frequency relationship for landsliding for each land system. The long-term average values of the areal landslide frequency (number of slides per unit area per unit time) were then calculated from these relationships. The volumes of a sample of landslide scars were measured in the field, and the proportion of slides that deliver sediment to channels was determined from aerial photographs. These measurements then allowed calculation of the long-term average rate of sediment production to streams from landslides for different land systems and types of vegetation. Results suggest that shallow landslides currently contribute about 15 plus or minus 5% of the suspended sediment load in the Waipaoa River above the Kanakanaia gauging station, and that 75% of the sediment production from the landslides occurs during storms with recurrence intervals of less than 27 years. Reforestation of 6.3% (93 km super(2)) of the slide-prone lands in the catchment between 1990 and 1995 resulted in a calculated decrease in slide-derived sediment of 10%. Calculations suggest that reforestation of an additional 3% (66 km super(2)) of the catchment in areas with the most sensitive combinations of land system and storm regime could decrease the total sediment inputs from landsliding by about 20%. JF - Geomorphology AU - Reid, L M AU - Page, MJ AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Arcata, CA, USA, lmr7001@axe.humboldt.edu Y1 - 2003/01/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jan 01 SP - 71 EP - 88 VL - 49 IS - 1-2 SN - 0169-555X, 0169-555X KW - New Zealand, North I. KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Catchment area KW - Rivers KW - Aerial Photography KW - Catchment Areas KW - Aerial photography KW - Frequency Analysis KW - Storms KW - Reforestation KW - Sediments KW - Landslides KW - Erosion KW - Geomorphology KW - Sediment Yield KW - Correlation Analysis KW - Erosion Rates KW - Q2 09264:Sediments and sedimentation KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18630582?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geomorphology&rft.atitle=Magnitude+and+frequency+of+landsliding+in+a+large+New+Zealand+catchment&rft.au=Reid%2C+L+M%3BPage%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Reid&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geomorphology&rft.issn=0169555X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Landslides; Catchment area; Erosion; Geomorphology; Aerial photography; Sediments; Aerial Photography; Sediment Yield; Catchment Areas; Correlation Analysis; Erosion Rates; Frequency Analysis; Storms; Reforestation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Field Investigation of Bacillus anthracis Contamination of U.S. Department of Agriculture and Other Washington, D.C., Buildings during the Anthrax Attack of October 2001 AN - 18628268; 5540105 AB - In response to a bioterrorism attack in the Washington, D.C., area in October 2001, a mobile laboratory (ML) was set up in the city to conduct rapid molecular tests on environmental samples for the presence of Bacillus anthracis spores and to route samples for further culture analysis. The ML contained class I laminar-flow hoods, a portable autoclave, two portable real- time PCR devices (Ruggedized Advanced Pathogen Identification Device (RAPID)), and miscellaneous supplies and equipment to process samples. Envelopes and swab and air samples collected from 30 locations in the metropolitan area once every three days were subjected to visual examination and DNA extraction, followed by real-time PCR using freeze-dried, fluorescent-probe-based reagents. Surface swabs and air samples were also cultured for B. anthracis at the National Veterinary Service Laboratory (NVSL) in Ames, Iowa. From 24 October 2001 to 15 September 2002, 2,092 pieces of mail were examined, 405 real-time PCR assays were performed (comprising 4,639 samples), and at the NVSL 6,275 samples were subjected to over 18,000 platings. None of the PCR assays on DNA extracted from swab and air samples were positive, but viable spores were cultured from surface swabs taken from six locations in the metropolitan area in October, November, and December 2001 and February, March, and May 2002. DNA extracted from these suspected B. anthracis colonies was positive by real-time and conventional PCRs for the lethal factor, pXO1, and for capA and vrr genes; sequence analysis of the latter amplicons indicated >99% homology with the Ames, vollum, B6273-93, C93022281, and W-21 strains of B. anthracis, suggesting they arose from cross-contamination during the attack through the mail. The RAPID-based PCR analysis provided fast confirmation of suspect colonies from an overnight incubation on agar plates. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Higgins, JA AU - Cooper, M AU - Schroeder-Tucker, L AU - Black, S AU - Miller, D AU - Karns, J S AU - Manthey, E AU - Breeze, R AU - Perdue, M L AD - USDA-ARS, Bldg. 173, 10300 Baltimore Blvd., Beltsville, MD 20705, jhiggins@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 593 EP - 599 VL - 69 IS - 1 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - anthrax KW - bioterrorism KW - capA gene KW - lethal factor KW - nucleotide sequence KW - vrr gene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - W4 240:Bioterrorism & Biological Warfare KW - J 02704:Enumeration KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18628268?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=A+Field+Investigation+of+Bacillus+anthracis+Contamination+of+U.S.+Department+of+Agriculture+and+Other+Washington%2C+D.C.%2C+Buildings+during+the+Anthrax+Attack+of+October+2001&rft.au=Higgins%2C+JA%3BCooper%2C+M%3BSchroeder-Tucker%2C+L%3BBlack%2C+S%3BMiller%2C+D%3BKarns%2C+J+S%3BManthey%2C+E%3BBreeze%2C+R%3BPerdue%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Higgins&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=593&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.69.1.593-599.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.1.593-599.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optimal Growth and Ethanol Production from Xylose by Recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae Require Moderate D-Xylulokinase Activity AN - 18628210; 5540090 AB - D-Xylulokinase (XK) is essential for the metabolism of D-xylose in yeasts. However, overexpression of genes for XK, such as the Pichia stipitis XYL3 gene and the Saccharomyces cerevisiae XKS gene, can inhibit growth of S. cerevisiae on xylose. We varied the copy number and promoter strength of XYL3 or XKS1 to see how XK activity can affect xylose metabolism in S. cerevisiae. The S. cerevisiae genetic background included single integrated copies of P. stipitis XYL1 and XYL2 driven by the S. cerevisiae TDH1 promoter. Multicopy and single-copy constructs with either XYL3 or XKS1, likewise under control of the TDH1 promoter, or with the native P. stipitis promoter were introduced into the recombinant S. cerevisiae. In vitro enzymatic activity of XK increased with copy number and promoter strength. Overexpression of XYL3 and XKS1 inhibited growth on xylose but did not affect growth on glucose even though XK activities were three times higher in glucose-grown cells. Growth inhibition increased and ethanol yields from xylose decreased with increasing XK activity. Uncontrolled XK expression in recombinant S. cerevisiae is inhibitory in a manner analogous to the substrate-accelerated cell death observed with an S. cerevisiae tps1 mutant during glucose metabolism. To bypass this effect, we transformed cells with a tunable expression vector containing XYL3 under the control of its native promoter into the FPL-YS1020 strain and screened the transformants for growth on, and ethanol production from, xylose. The selected transformant had approximately four copies of XYL3 per haploid genome and had moderate XK activity. It converted xylose into ethanol efficiently. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Jin, Y AU - Ni, H AU - Laplaza, J M AU - Jeffries, T W AD - USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, WI 53705, twjeffri@facstaff.wisc.edu Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 495 EP - 503 VL - 69 IS - 1 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - budding yeast KW - ethanol KW - xylose KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - W2 32580:Fermentation and process engineering KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18628210?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Optimal+Growth+and+Ethanol+Production+from+Xylose+by+Recombinant+Saccharomyces+cerevisiae+Require+Moderate+D-Xylulokinase+Activity&rft.au=Jin%2C+Y%3BNi%2C+H%3BLaplaza%2C+J+M%3BJeffries%2C+T+W&rft.aulast=Jin&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=495&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.69.1.495-503.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.1.495-503.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Expression of L-Selectin (CD62L), CD44, and CD25 on Activated Bovine T Cells AN - 18627325; 5532513 AB - Mycobacterium bovis infection of cattle represents a natural host- pathogen interaction and, in addition to its economic and zoonotic impact, represents a model for human tuberculosis. Extravasation and trafficking of activated lymphocytes to inflammatory sites is modulated by differential expression of multiple surface adhesion molecules. However, effects of M. bovis infection on adhesion molecule expression have not been characterized. To determine these changes, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from M. bovis- infected cattle were stimulated with M. bovis purified protein derivative (PPD) or pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and evaluated concurrently for proliferation and activation marker expression. Stimulation with PPD or PWM increased CD25 and CD44 mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) and decreased CD62L MFI on CD4 super(+) cells from infected animals. CD62L MFI on PPD- and PWM-stimulated [gamma][delta] T- cell receptor-positive (TCR super(+)) and CD8 super(+) cells was also reduced compared to that of nonstimulated [gamma][delta] TCR super(+) and CD8 super(+) cells. Using a flow cytometry-based proliferation assay, it was determined that proliferating cells, regardless of lymphocyte subset, exhibited increased expression of CD25 and CD44 and decreased expression of CD62L compared to cells that had not proliferated. In contrast to proliferation, activation-induced apoptosis of CD4 super(+) cells resulted in a significant down regulation of CD44 expression. Lymphocytes obtained from lungs of M. bovis-infected cattle also had reduced expression of CD44 compared to lymphocytes from lungs of noninfected cattle. These alterations in surface molecule expression upon activation likely impact trafficking to sites of inflammation and the functional capacity of these cells within tuberculous granulomas. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Waters, W R AU - Rahner, TE AU - Palmer, M V AU - Cheng, D AU - Nonnecke, B J AU - Whipple, D L AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010-0070, rwaters@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 317 EP - 326 VL - 71 IS - 1 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - CD25 antigen KW - CD44 antigen KW - CD62L protein KW - L-selectin KW - cattle KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms KW - F 06756:Function UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18627325?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Expression+of+L-Selectin+%28CD62L%29%2C+CD44%2C+and+CD25+on+Activated+Bovine+T+Cells&rft.au=Waters%2C+W+R%3BRahner%2C+TE%3BPalmer%2C+M+V%3BCheng%2C+D%3BNonnecke%2C+B+J%3BWhipple%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Waters&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=317&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FIAI.71.1.317-326.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.71.1.317-326.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Affixing the O to Rubisco: discovering the source of photorespiratory glycolate and its regulation. AN - 1859499704; 16228565 AB - The source of glycolate in photorespiration and its control, a particularly active and controversial research topic in the 1970s, was resolved in large part by several discoveries and observations described here. George Bowes discovered that the key carboxylation enzyme Rubisco (ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) is competitively inhibited by O(2) and that O(2) substitutes for CO(2) in the initial 'dark' reaction of photosynthesis to yield glycolate-P, the substrate for photorespiration. William Laing derived an equation from basic enzyme kinetics that describes the CO(2), O(2), and temperature dependence of photosynthesis, photorespiration, and the CO(2) compensation point in C(3) plants. Jerome Servaites established that photosynthesis cannot be increased by inhibiting the photorespiratory pathway prior to the release of photorespiratory CO(2), andDouglas Jordan discovered substantial natural variation in the Rubisco oxygenase/carboxylase ratio. A mutant Arabidopsis plant with defective glycolate-P phosphatase, isolated by Chris Somerville, definitively established the role of O(2) and Rubisco in providing photorespiratory glycolate. Selection techniques to isolate photorespiration-deficient plants were devised by Jack Widholm and by Somerville, but no plants with reduced photorespiration were found. Somerville's approach, directed mutagenesis of Arabidopsis plants, was subsequently successful in the isolation of numerous other classes of mutants and revolutionized the science of plant biology. JF - Photosynthesis research AU - Ogren, William L AD - Formerly United States Department of Agriculture Scientist University of Illinois at Urbana, USA, ogren@hargray.com. Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 53 EP - 63 VL - 76 IS - 1-3 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1859499704?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Hatchability+of+eggs+sanitized+with+increasing+concentrations+of+BioSentry+904+or+Bio-Phene&rft.au=Bourassa%2C+D+V%3BBuhr%2C+R+J%3BWilson%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Bourassa&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2005-10-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rubisco activase - Rubisco's catalytic chaperone. AN - 1859492766; 16245090 AB - The current status of research on the structure, regulation, mechanism and importance of Rubisco activase is reviewed. The activase is now recognized to be a member of the AAA(+) family, whose members participate in macromolecular complexes that perform diverse chaperone-like functions. The conserved nucleotide-binding domain of AAA(+) family members appears to have a common fold that when applied to the activase is generally consistent with previous site-directed mutagenesis studies of the activase. Regulation of the activase in species containing both isoforms can occur via redox changes in the carboxy-terminus of the larger isoform, mediated by thioredoxin-f, which alters the response of activase to the ratio of ADP to ATP in the stroma. Studies of Rubisco activation in transgenic Arabidopsis plants demonstrated that light modulation is dependent on redox regulation of the larger isoform, providing a model for the regulation in other species. Further insights into the mechanism of the activase have emerged from an analysis of the crystal structures of Rubisco conformational variants and the identification of Rubisco residues that confer specificity in its interaction with the activase. The physiological importance of the activase is reinforced by recent studies indicating that it plays a vital role in the response of photosynthesis to temperature. Rubisco activase is one of a new type of chaperone, which in this case functions to promote and maintain the catalytic activity of Rubisco. JF - Photosynthesis research AU - Portis, Archie R AD - Photosynthesis Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, and Departments of Crop Sciences and Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA, arportis@uiuc.edu. Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 11 EP - 27 VL - 75 IS - 1 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1859492766?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Photosynthesis+research&rft.atitle=Rubisco+activase+-+Rubisco%27s+catalytic+chaperone.&rft.au=Portis%2C+Archie+R&rft.aulast=Portis&rft.aufirst=Archie&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Photosynthesis+research&rft.issn=1573-5079&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2005-10-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Brucella 'HOOF-Prints': strain typing by multi-locus analysis of variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) AN - 18036273; 6035547 AB - Currently, there are very few tools available for subtyping Brucella isolates for epidemiological trace-back. Subtyping is difficult because of the genetic homogeneity within the genus. Sequencing of the genomes from three Brucella species has facilitated the search for DNA sequence variability. Recently, hypervariability among short tandem repeat sequences has been exploited for strain-typing of several bacterial pathogens. An eight-base pair tandem repeat sequence was discovered in nine genomic loci of the B. abortus genome. Eight loci were hypervariable among the three Brucella species. A PCR-based method was developed to identify the number of repeat units (alleles) at each locus, generating strain-specific fingerprints. None of the loci exhibited species- or biovar-specific alleles. Sometimes, a species or biovar contained a specific allele at one or more loci, but the allele also occurred in other species or biovars. The technique successfully differentiated the type strains for all Brucella species and biovars, among unrelated B. abortus biovar 1 field isolates in cattle, and among B. abortus strains isolated from bison and elk. Isolates from the same herd or from short-term in vitro passage exhibited little or no variability in fingerprint pattern. Sometimes, isolates from an animal would have multiple alleles at a locus, possibly from mixed infections in enzootic areas, residual disease from incomplete depopulation of an infected herd or molecular evolution within the strain. Therefore, a mixed population or a pool of colonies from each animal and/or tissue was tested. This paper describes a new method for fingerprinting Brucella isolates based on multi-locus characterization of a variable number, eight-base pair, tandem repeat. We have named this technique "HOOF-Prints" for Hypervariable Octameric Oligonucleotide Finger-Prints. The technique is highly discriminatory among Brucella species, among previously characterized Brucella strains, and among unrelated field isolates that could not be differentiated by classical methods. The method is rapid and the results are reproducible. HOOF-Printing will be most useful as a follow-up test after identification by established methods since we did not find species-specific or biovar-specific alleles. Nonetheless, this technology provides a significant advancement in brucellosis epidemiology, and consequently, will help to eliminate this disease worldwide. JF - BMC Microbiology AU - Bricker, Betsy J AU - Ewalt, Darla R AU - Halling, Shirley M AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, 2300 Dayton Rd, Ames, IA, 50010, USA, bbricker@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Middlesex House 34-42 Cleveland Street London W1T 4LB UK, [mailto:info@biomedcentral.com], [URL:http://www.biomedcentral.com] VL - 3 KW - variable number tandem repeats KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Colonies KW - Fingerprinting KW - molecular evolution KW - Typing KW - Epidemiology KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Brucella KW - Brucellosis KW - Oligonucleotides KW - Mixed infection KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18036273?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Brucella+%27HOOF-Prints%27%3A+strain+typing+by+multi-locus+analysis+of+variable+number+tandem+repeats+%28VNTRs%29&rft.au=Bricker%2C+Betsy+J%3BEwalt%2C+Darla+R%3BHalling%2C+Shirley+M&rft.aulast=Bricker&rft.aufirst=Betsy&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=BMC+Microbiology&rft.issn=1471-2180&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1471-2180-3-15 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brucella; Nucleotide sequence; Epidemiology; Oligonucleotides; Mixed infection; Typing; molecular evolution; Brucellosis; Fingerprinting; Colonies DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-3-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Arrangement of soil plots as landscape component in ecological significant areas AN - 17989734; 5930874 AB - The contribution is dealing with the utilisation of ecological agriculture principles in the development of sustainable arrangement of soil plots in ecological significant areas. For the purpose of this contribution ecological significant areas could be defined as areas with high ecological value, but inappropriate arrangement of soil plots and utilisation of soil, which degrade this value. The ecological agriculture is defined as a part of sustainable management in agriculture practice, which utilises also principles of landscape ecology. Styles of farming reflect specific normative perspectives on farm development. It also implies specific patterns of land use and particular relations with the environment, landscape and natural values. The use of landscape ecology in the arrangement of soil plots, which is possible only in that case, if soil is perceived not from the economical point of a view, but as the landscape component is approached. JF - Ekologia (Bratislava)/Ecology (Bratislava) AU - Pavlickova, K AD - Department of Landscape Ecology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Science, Mlynska dolina B-2, 842 15 Bratislava, The Slovak Republic, pavlickova@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 377 EP - 385 VL - 22 SN - 1335-342X, 1335-342X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Soil KW - Agricultural ecosystems KW - Landscape KW - Environment management KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17989734?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ekologia+%28Bratislava%29%2FEcology+%28Bratislava%29&rft.atitle=Arrangement+of+soil+plots+as+landscape+component+in+ecological+significant+areas&rft.au=Pavlickova%2C+K&rft.aulast=Pavlickova&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=&rft.spage=377&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ekologia+%28Bratislava%29%2FEcology+%28Bratislava%29&rft.issn=1335342X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environment management; Landscape; Soil; Agricultural ecosystems ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of snow avalanche trigger areas using GIS AN - 17989684; 5930856 AB - Mountainous regions in Central Europe are exposed to snow avalanche activity. Geographic information system can be used to identify trigger areas of snow avalanches. The model recognizing such starting zones is discussed in this paper. It is based on morphometric parameters and roughness of terrain. We started out from source model created by Hresko (1998) and applied in slightly different areas to verify its usability. Degree of improvement was recognized. We changed values of input parameters and model formula to better identify starting zones. Map of observed trigger areas (etalon map), based on "Atlas of avalanche paths in Slovakia" was used for verification. Correlation coefficient between model and etalon map determined degree of improvement. Finally better version of the model was chosen for future application. JF - Ekologia (Bratislava)/Ecology (Bratislava) AU - Barka, I AU - Rybar, R AD - Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Landscape Ecology, Mlynska dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, The Slovak Republic, barka@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 182 EP - 194 VL - 22 SN - 1335-342X, 1335-342X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Landslides KW - Snow KW - Europe KW - Geographic information systems KW - Models KW - Methodology KW - D 04001:Methodology - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17989684?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.genre=dissertations+%26+theses&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Thomas%2C+Kay&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Kay&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=9781339894911&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Irrational+beliefs+in+musicians+with+depressive+and+substance+abuse+symptoms&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Europe; Methodology; Geographic information systems; Snow; Landslides; Models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oxygen Permeability of Films Made from CO sub(2)-Precipitated Casein and Modified Casein AN - 17989304; 5930189 AB - Oxygen permeabilities (OP) of CO sub(2)-casein (CO sub(2)CN), calcium caseinate (CaCN), and acylated casein (AcCN) films were determined as functions of % relative humidity (% RH), temperature, and plasticizer type. Tensile properties and water vapor permeabilities (WVP) were also measured. Plasticizers were glycerol (GLY) or a 3:1 ratio of GLY:poly (propylene glycol) (PPG), a hydrophobic plasticizer. OP of the CO sub(2)CN:GLY film was almost twice that of films containing either plasticizer at 35% RH, but its OP approached that of the other films at 70% RH. OP and WVP of films plasticized with GLY were greater than that for films plasticized with PPG. Plasticizer type had little impact on the tensile strength of CO sub(2)CN films while tensile strength of CaCN-GLY:PPG (3:1) films approximately doubled. Results show that structural dissimilarities in the films contribute to differences in OP only under conditions of low RH where the plasticizing effects of water are not significant. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Tomasula, P M AU - Yee, W C AU - Parris, N AD - Dairy Processing and Products Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 634 EP - 639 VL - 51 IS - 3 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Permeability KW - Oxygen KW - Plasticizers KW - Tensile strength KW - Precipitation KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Casein KW - Films KW - W4 330:Biopolymers & Food Biotechnology KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17989304?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.genre=dissertations+%26+theses&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Henderson%2C+Nicole+Lynn&rft.aulast=Henderson&rft.aufirst=Nicole&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=9781369173567&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Connections+between+the+folk+psychiatry+of+addiction+and+levels+of+attributed+stigma&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Casein; Carbon dioxide; Precipitation; Plasticizers; Films; Oxygen; Permeability; Tensile strength DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf020552w ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detailed physical-geographical (geoecological) research and mapping in the landscape ecology AN - 17983432; 5930852 AB - The paper mentions low content and space quality of heterogeneous analytical materials wherefrom geocomplexes are most often created. A quarter up to a half of data on rocks and soil types from analytical maps was revalued by detailed field research in four model areas. Integral approach and geosystem analysis are proposed as a base of problems solution. A conception of complexly oriented geographical informational system (GIS) about the landscape is outlined in the end. System unification of analytic databases into a complex geoecological database should be the substantial part of the GIS. JF - Ekologia (Bratislava)/Ecology (Bratislava) AU - Minar, J AD - Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Mlynska dolina, 842 15 Bratislava 4, The Slovak Republic, minar@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 141 EP - 149 VL - 22 SN - 1335-342X, 1335-342X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Landscape KW - Mapping KW - Methodology KW - D 04001:Methodology - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17983432?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ekologia+%28Bratislava%29%2FEcology+%28Bratislava%29&rft.atitle=Detailed+physical-geographical+%28geoecological%29+research+and+mapping+in+the+landscape+ecology&rft.au=Minar%2C+J&rft.aulast=Minar&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=&rft.spage=141&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ekologia+%28Bratislava%29%2FEcology+%28Bratislava%29&rft.issn=1335342X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Methodology; Mapping; Landscape ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative analysis of methodical procedures for evaluation of ecolocical landscape stability (Study area - Gajary) AN - 17978356; 5930850 AB - This paper presents definitions and methodical procedures for evaluation of the ecological landscape stability in the Slovak scientific literature. We compare and evaluate presented methodical procedures in the case study - region Gajary. In conclusion we submit some of problem articles regarding solution of ecological landscape stability. JF - Ekologia (Bratislava)/Ecology (Bratislava) AU - Durilova, A AU - Saksa, M AD - Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Mlynska dolina 1, 842 15 Bratislava, The Slovak Republic, janickovaa@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 119 EP - 129 VL - 22 SN - 1335-342X, 1335-342X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Slovakia KW - Landscape KW - Conservation KW - Methodology KW - D 04001:Methodology - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17978356?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ekologia+%28Bratislava%29%2FEcology+%28Bratislava%29&rft.atitle=Comparative+analysis+of+methodical+procedures+for+evaluation+of+ecolocical+landscape+stability+%28Study+area+-+Gajary%29&rft.au=Durilova%2C+A%3BSaksa%2C+M&rft.aulast=Durilova&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ekologia+%28Bratislava%29%2FEcology+%28Bratislava%29&rft.issn=1335342X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Slovakia; Methodology; Landscape; Conservation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Desmosterol: A Biomarker for the Efficient Development of 20,25-Diazacholesterol as a Contraceptive for Pest Wildlife AN - 17970390; 5930158 AB - 20,25-Diazacholesterol is being evaluated as a contraceptive for the nonlethal control of avian and mammalian wildlife pests. The identification of an analyte in blood which was highly correlated with absorbed dose and efficacy is valuable for determining effective formulations and dosing variables. Such an analyte or biomarker is also valuable for determining the percentage of pest populations that consume an effective dose of the active ingredient in the field. HPLC analyses of blood collected from dosed animals failed to detect 20,25-diazacholesterol but indicated that levels of free cholesterol and related compounds were affected by 20,25-diazacholesterol absorption. The greatest percent change in chromatographic peak area associated with 20,25-diazacholesterol administration was observed for desmosterol, a cholesterol precursor. 20,25-Diazacholesterol appeared to block the conversion of desmosterol to cholesterol, resulting in an elevated concentration of the precursor. The elevation of blood desmosterol levels is being used as an indicator of 20,25-diazacholesterol absorption and to facilitate the development of a 20,25-diazacholesterol-based contraceptive for pest wildlife. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Johnston, J J AU - Goodall, MJ AU - Yoder, CA AU - Furcolow, CA AU - Goldade, DA AU - Kimball, BA AU - Miller, LA AD - United States Department of Agriculture, National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Avenue, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 140 EP - 145 VL - 51 IS - 1 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - 20,25-diazacholesterol KW - desmosterol KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Biosensors KW - High-performance liquid chromatography KW - Wildlife KW - Pest control KW - Pests KW - Contraceptives KW - W4 330:Biopolymers & Food Biotechnology KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17970390?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Desmosterol%3A+A+Biomarker+for+the+Efficient+Development+of+20%2C25-Diazacholesterol+as+a+Contraceptive+for+Pest+Wildlife&rft.au=Johnston%2C+J+J%3BGoodall%2C+MJ%3BYoder%2C+CA%3BFurcolow%2C+CA%3BGoldade%2C+DA%3BKimball%2C+BA%3BMiller%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=140&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fjf020731d LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wildlife; Pests; Contraceptives; Pest control; High-performance liquid chromatography; Biosensors; Environmental monitoring DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf020731d ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sequence of wood fragmentation and isolation in the Trnava upland since the 18th century AN - 17969108; 5930848 AB - Fragmentation of natural habitats is currently regarded as one of the most serious reasons of species extinction. The influences of natural habitat fragmentation to wildlife species increase with expansion of urban areas and network of roads. The purpose of this study is to quantify and evaluate the fragmentation of thermophilous oak forests on loess in the Trnava upland (southwest Slovakia) listed among prior biotopes according to EC Habitat Directive 92/43/EEC. Changes of the 17 forest remnants in agricultural landscapes have been reconstructed since 1919 (for three of them since 1747) on the base of historical and recent maps and data from literature sources. The fragmentation process is evaluated according to the characteristic attributes of: area size, number of fragments, area categories, the distance from the other remnants, isolation and connectivity. As the results indicate the process of woods fragmentation and isolation on the Trnava upland is not static, but is still continuing. The area of the seventeen investigated woods decreased during 20th century about 1300 ha. JF - Ekologia (Bratislava)/Ecology (Bratislava) AU - Ruzickova, J AD - Department of Ecosozology, Comenius University Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Mlynska dolina B-2, 842 15 Bratislava, The Slovak Republic, ruzickova@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 92 EP - 107 VL - 22 SN - 1335-342X, 1335-342X KW - Oaks KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Slovakia KW - Extinction KW - Historical ecology KW - Quercus KW - Forests KW - Conservation KW - Habitat fragmentation KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17969108?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+possible+immunological+function+of+the+chicken+crop+%28Ingluvies%29&rft.au=Vaughn%2C+LE%3BHolt%2C+P+S%3BCrowdis%2C+K+S%3BSeo%2C+K-H%3BGast%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Vaughn&rft.aufirst=LE&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Quercus; Slovakia; Conservation; Historical ecology; Habitat fragmentation; Extinction; Forests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid detection of outbreak Escherichia coli O157 and Salmonella on alfalfa sprouts by immunomagnetic capture and time-resolved fluorescence AN - 17911055; 5864646 AB - Commercially available alfalfa seeds were inoculated with low levels ( similar to 4 CFU/g) of pathogenic bacteria and sprouted at 25C. At 48 h, the spent irrigation water and sprouts were separately transferred to brain heart infusion (BHI) broth and enriched for 4 h at 37C and 160 rpm. Specific immunomagnetic beads (IMB) were then applied to capture the E. coli O157 or Salmonella in the enriched media. Separation and concentration of captured pathogens were achieved using magnetic particle concentrators (MPC). IMB captured E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. then formed sandwiched complexes with europium (Eu) labeled anti-E. coli O157 antibodies and samarium (Sm) labeled anti-Salmonella antibodies, respectively. After washing the complexes, the lanthanide labels were extracted out from the complexes by specific chelators to form strongly fluorescent Eu- and Sm-chelates. The specific time-resolved fluorescence (TRF) associated with Eu or Sm was measured to estimate the extent of capture of the E. coli O157 and Salmonella, respectively. The results indicated that the approach could detect E. coli O157 and many Salmonella spp. from spent irrigation water or sprouts grown from contaminated seeds. Nontargeted bacteria, e.g., native microflora present on the untreated seeds and inoculated Aeromonas and Citrobacter, exhibited no cross-reactivity and counts were not significantly different from background fluorescence of the IMB alone. Since pathogen detection was achieved within 6 h, the assay could detect contamination levels as low as 4 CFU/g of seeds and it showed no cross-reactivity with nonpathogenic microflora present on the sprouts, the developed methodology could be used as a rapid, sensitive and specific screening process for E. coli O157 and Salmonella spp. in sprouts and their irrigation water. JF - Journal of Food Safety AU - Tu, Shu-I AU - Golden, M AU - Fett, W F AU - Gehring, A AU - Irwin, P AD - USDA, ARS, NAA, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, stu@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 75 EP - 89 VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 0149-6085, 0149-6085 KW - Alfalfa KW - detection KW - outbreaks KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Irrigation KW - Escherichia coli KW - Food contamination KW - Immunoassays KW - Salmonella KW - Medicago sativa KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17911055?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Safety&rft.atitle=Rapid+detection+of+outbreak+Escherichia+coli+O157+and+Salmonella+on+alfalfa+sprouts+by+immunomagnetic+capture+and+time-resolved+fluorescence&rft.au=Tu%2C+Shu-I%3BGolden%2C+M%3BFett%2C+W+F%3BGehring%2C+A%3BIrwin%2C+P&rft.aulast=Tu&rft.aufirst=Shu-I&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Safety&rft.issn=01496085&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Salmonella; Medicago sativa; Irrigation; Food contamination; Immunoassays ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth kinetics of Clostridium perfringens in cooked beef AN - 17910420; 5864647 AB - The objective of this work was to investigate the growth kinetics of a three-strain cocktail of Clostridium perfringens in cooked beef. The study was conducted by growing the heat-activated spores in ground beef under isothermal conditions between 17-50C. A four-parameter Gompertz equation was used as a primary model to fit the growth curves along with a modified Ratkowsky model to analyze the temperature dependence of the bacterial growth. Results indicated that the Gompertz model could accurately describe the growth of C. perfringens in cooked beef. The estimated theoretical minimum, optimum, and maximum growth temperatures of this organism in cooked beef were 9.8, 47.1, and 50.8C, respectively. A linear relationship between the durations of the lag and exponential phases of growth curves was observed in this study. Such a linear relationship can be used to generate a linear isothermal growth curve complete with the lag, exponential, and stationary phases without complex mathematical computation. The kinetic models and growth parameters obtained from this study potentially can be applied to the food industry to design appropriate cooling schedules and estimate the growth of C. perfringens in thermally processed beef products under temperature abuse conditions. JF - Journal of Food Safety AU - Huang, L AD - USDA ARS Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, lhuang@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 91 EP - 105 VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 0149-6085, 0149-6085 KW - beef KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Clostridium perfringens KW - Temperature KW - Food contamination KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17910420?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Safety&rft.atitle=Growth+kinetics+of+Clostridium+perfringens+in+cooked+beef&rft.au=Huang%2C+L&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Safety&rft.issn=01496085&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clostridium perfringens; Temperature; Food contamination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occurrence of an exotic earthworm (Amynthas agrestis) in undisturbed soils of the southern Appalachian Mountains, USA AN - 17910232; 5866084 AB - This study documents the occurrence of an aggressive invasive earthworm species in undisturbed forest soils of the southern Appalachian Mountains of northern Georgia, USA. Earthworms were sorted from samples collected in pitfall traps that had been set in mature, mesic oak-hickory forests in remote, high elevation, locations across northern Georgia. Specimens were continuously collected in these traps over the course of the summer and autumn of 1993, and more than 600 earthworms were collected from 35 different trapping sites. There were at least 9 different earthworm taxa collected during the study including three species not native to North American soils (Amynthas agrestis, Octolasion tyrtaeum, and O. cyaneum). The majority of earthworms collected in the study were A. agrestis. Because large numbers of A. agrestis were trapped at a single site, we made measurements of individuals in an attempt to examine the reproductive status of A. agrestis at that site over time. Small numbers of A. agrestis were trapped in July and August, peak abundance occurred in September, and there was a decline in abundance through November to zero trapped in December. Sexually mature adults were first trapped in small numbers in late August, but made up 80% of the total population by mid September, and 100% of the population in October and November. JF - Pedobiologia AU - Callaham, MA Jr AU - Hendrix, P F AU - Phillips, R J AD - USDA Forest Service, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Athens, GA, 30602, USA, mcallaham@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 466 EP - 470 VL - 47 IS - 5-6 SN - 0031-4056, 0031-4056 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Invasiveness KW - Soil characteristics KW - USA, Georgia KW - Amynthas agrestis KW - Introduced species KW - D 04657:Annelids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17910232?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pedobiologia&rft.atitle=Occurrence+of+an+exotic+earthworm+%28Amynthas+agrestis%29+in+undisturbed+soils+of+the+southern+Appalachian+Mountains%2C+USA&rft.au=Callaham%2C+MA+Jr%3BHendrix%2C+P+F%3BPhillips%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Callaham&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=5-6&rft.spage=466&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pedobiologia&rft.issn=00314056&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Amynthas agrestis; USA, Georgia; Introduced species; Soil characteristics; Invasiveness ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Earthworms, arthropods and plant litter decomposition in aspen (Populus tremuloides) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) forests in Colorado, USA AN - 17909211; 5866143 AB - We compared the abundance and community composition of earthworms, soil macroarthropods, and litter microarthropods to test faunal effects on plant litter decomposition rates in two forests in the subalpine in Colorado, USA. Litterbags containing recently senesced litter of Populus tremuloides (aspen) and Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine) were placed in aspen and pine forests to monitor their decay rates and quantify litter microarthropod abundance. Earthworms and macroarthropods were collected by hand from the soil. Three species of earthworms were found in the aspen forest: Octolasion cyaneum, an anecic worm; Dendrobaena octaedra, an epigeic worm and Aporrectodea trapezoides, an endogeic worm. We found a higher density and fresh biomass of earthworms in the aspen (40 worms m super(-2) and 4.4 g m super(-2)) than in the pine forest (0.8 worms m super(-2) and 0.6 g m super(-2)). The lodgepole pine contained only earthworm species, D. octaedra. Macroarthropod density did not differ between the forests. Total density of microarthropods in the aspen and lodgepole pine forests was 6.40 and 5.24 individuals g super(-1) of dry litter, respectively and did not significantly differ between forests. The percent of mass remaining was different between litter species (r super(2) = 0.73, P < 0.01). Aspen litter decayed significantly faster than pine regardless of location. The percent of mass remaining of aspen and lodgepole pine were significantly correlated with the density of earthworms in both forests (P < 0.01). In the pine forests, the percent mass remaining of aspen and lodgepole pine litter was also significantly correlated with the density of mites (Acarina) (P = 0.03), prostigmatid mites (P = 0.02) and the total abundance of litter fauna (P = 0.02). Our results suggest that introduced earthworms play an important role on litter decomposition in the aspen forest, and that litter decomposition in these subalpine sites might be influenced differentially by various groups of soil and litter fauna. JF - Pedobiologia AU - Gonzalez, G AU - Seastedt, T R AU - Donato, Z AD - International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service, PO Box 25000, San Juan, PR 00928-5000, USA, ggonzalez@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 863 EP - 869 VL - 47 IS - 5-6 SN - 0031-4056, 0031-4056 KW - Oligochaetes KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Litter KW - Abundance KW - Forests KW - Decomposition KW - Soil microorganisms KW - Oligochaeta KW - Community composition KW - USA, Colorado KW - Arthropoda KW - Soil fauna KW - D 04125:Temperate forests KW - Z 05209:Soil entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17909211?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Update+of+cottonDB&rft.au=Yu%2C+J&rft.aulast=Yu&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arthropoda; Oligochaeta; USA, Colorado; Soil fauna; Soil microorganisms; Abundance; Community composition; Litter; Decomposition; Forests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Advances in molecular-based diagnostics in meeting crop biosecurity and phytosanitary issues AN - 17852535; 5729033 AB - Awareness of crop biosecurity and phytosanitation has been heightened since 9/11 and the unresolved anthrax releases in October 2001. Crops are highly vulnerable to accidental or deliberate introductions of crop pathogens from outside U.S. borders. Strategic thinking about protection against deliberate or accidental release of a plant pathogen is an urgent priority. Rapid detection will be the key to success. This review summarizes recent progress in the development of rapid real-time PCR protocols and evaluates their effectiveness in a proposed nationwide network of diagnostic laboratories that will facilitate rapid diagnostics and improved communication. JF - Annual Review of Phytopathology AU - Schaad, N W AU - Frederick, R D AU - Shaw, J AU - Schneider, W L AU - Hickson, R AU - Petrillo, MD AU - Luster, D G AD - USDA/ARS, Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702, USA, nschaad@fdwsr.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 305 EP - 324 VL - 41 SN - 0066-4286, 0066-4286 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Plant diseases KW - Plant protection KW - Reviews KW - Communication KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Anthrax KW - Pathogens KW - Crops KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 310:Agricultural Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17852535?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.genre=dissertations+%26+theses&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Howorko%2C+Adam&rft.aulast=Howorko&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=9781339996394&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Effect+of+Alcohol+on+Recognition+Memory+in+Zebrafish%3A+A+Meta-Analytic+Review&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Crops; Reviews; Pathogens; Anthrax; Polymerase chain reaction; Plant protection; Plant diseases; Communication DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.phyto.41.052002.095435 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetically modified crops for industrial products and processes and their effects on human health AN - 17792478; 6088842 AB - Industrial crops are grown as sources of chemicals or components that serve non-food uses. Products derived from plants for industrial applications include oils, fibres, fuels and pharmaceuticals. Some of these products are extracted from the plant and used directly by industry, while others require mechanical or chemical conversion to be suitable for application. The plant itself may be the conveyor of the product, for example vaccines produced in fruits and vegetables. The genetic modification of crops to improve industrial applications is relevant to human health because there are very few crops that are grown strictly for industrial use. Concern about quarantine of genetically modified (GM) industrial crops, to prevent intermingling with the food supply, has recently resulted in implementation of a more restrictive regulatory policy for such crops. Since profitability in agriculture often relies on using as many parts of the crop as possible, for example selling the residual meal from oilseed processing for use in animal feed, industrial GM crops are required to undergo approval for such use. This chapter discusses GM crops that have important, commercial, non-food uses or are expected to have such uses in the future. Since many of the GM industrial crops proposed have not been commercially released, descriptions of their effects on human health are generic in nature. It is hoped that this chapter will at least identify fundamental benefits and risks associated with GM industrial crops and identify issues peculiar to this class of GM organisms. JF - Trends in Food Science & Technology AU - McKeon, T A AD - Western Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS Albany, CA 94710, USA, tmckeon@pw.usda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 229 EP - 241 VL - 14 IS - 5-8 SN - 0924-2244, 0924-2244 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Fruits KW - Vegetables KW - Fuels KW - Food KW - Nutrition KW - Crops KW - Oils KW - Industrial applications KW - Reviews KW - Pharmaceuticals KW - Plant extracts KW - Vaccines KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - W4 330:Biopolymers & Food Biotechnology KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32380:Food (including SCP) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17792478?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Food+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Genetically+modified+crops+for+industrial+products+and+processes+and+their+effects+on+human+health&rft.au=McKeon%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=McKeon&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=5-8&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Trends+in+Food+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=09242244&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0924-2244%2803%2900071-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Genetically Modified Foods for Human Health and Nutrition. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Crops; Food; Industrial applications; Fruits; Vegetables; Vaccines; Reviews; Plant extracts; Nutrition; Oils; Fuels; Agriculture; Pharmaceuticals DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0924-2244(03)00071-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Restoration of landscape function: reserves or active management? AN - 17692714; 5842144 AB - A 20-year programme of research suggests that old-growth forests are ecologically unique and highly valued by people, that naturally young forests with legacies from old forests sustain many, if not all, the higher organisms associated with old growth, but that many managed forests are impoverished in species. Thus, restoring landscape function entails restoring function to managed stands. Managing processes of forest development, not just providing selected structures, is necessary to restore function and biodiversity. Systems of reserves and riparian corridors that do not take into account ecological restoration of managed forests and degraded streams may be self-fulfilling prophecies of forest fragmentation and landscape dysfunction. Intentional management can reduce the need for wide riparian buffers, produce landscapes dominated by late-seral stages that are hospitable to wildlife associated with old-growth forests, provide a sustained yield of forest products and contribute to economic, social and environmental sustainability. JF - Forestry AU - Carey, AB AD - Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Olympia, WA 98512, USA Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 221 EP - 230 VL - 76 IS - 2 SN - 0015-752X, 0015-752X KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - M3 1120:Land UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17692714?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forestry&rft.atitle=Restoration+of+landscape+function%3A+reserves+or+active+management%3F&rft.au=Carey%2C+AB&rft.aulast=Carey&rft.aufirst=AB&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forestry&rft.issn=0015752X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Foundation of the Slovak Association for Landscape Ecology, and review of selected landscape-ecological activities in Slovakia after 1990 AN - 17686910; 5930841 AB - The idea to establish the regional organisation of the International association for landscape ecology (IALE) with the sphere of action in the Slovak Republic have been discussed in community of the Slovak landscape ecologists since 1990. During 2001-2002 certain specific steps, related to a foundation of the Slovak association for landscape ecology (IALE-SK) were done, and in June 2003 a proposal of the Statutes of IALE-SK was registered. Several important activities, related to landscape ecology, which took place in Slovakia during 1990-2002, created promising basis, and interest of the landscape-ecological community for foundation of IALE-SK. New landscape-ecological diligences were founded, landscape-ecological education at the universities was fortified, and as was the position of the landscape ecology in resolving problems of environmental practices as well. The aim of IALE-SK is to participate on IALE activities, to support a development of landscape ecology in the Slovak Republic, and to promote its position within the protection of the natural environment. IALE-SK wants to focus on empowering of sectional, and interdisciplinary landscape research, improvement of protection, planning, and management of landscape, extension of pedagogic-educational activities, and editing activities from the field of landscape ecology, and its related sections. JF - Ekologia (Bratislava)/Ecology (Bratislava) AU - Kozova, M AD - Comenius University at Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences Comenius University, Mlynska dolina, B-2, 842 15, Bratislava, The Slovak Republic, kozova@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 11 EP - 19 VL - 22 SN - 1335-342X, 1335-342X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04099:Ecosystem studies - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17686910?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ekologia+%28Bratislava%29%2FEcology+%28Bratislava%29&rft.atitle=Foundation+of+the+Slovak+Association+for+Landscape+Ecology%2C+and+review+of+selected+landscape-ecological+activities+in+Slovakia+after+1990&rft.au=Kozova%2C+M&rft.aulast=Kozova&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ekologia+%28Bratislava%29%2FEcology+%28Bratislava%29&rft.issn=1335342X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biocomplexity and restoration of biodiversity in temperate coniferous forest: inducing spatial heterogeneity with variable-density thinning AN - 17686892; 5842142 AB - Single-species conservation and natural reserves seem insufficient for protecting biodiversity to scientists, and conventional forestry seems suspect in sustainability to much of the public. In north-western USA, comparisons of natural and managed coniferous forests support the idea that both single-species conservation and conventional forestry are unlikely to be successful because biocomplexity is more important than individual habitat elements in maintaining the diversity of forest ecosystems and their capacity to produce useful goods and services. Experiments in inducing heterogeneity into forest canopies support the importance of biocomplexity to various biotic communities including soil organisms, vascular plants, fungi, birds, small mammals and vertebrate predators. Holistic management, however, requires a suite of techniques to direct developmental processes to useful trajectories. JF - Forestry AU - Carey, AB AD - Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Olympia, WA 98512, USA Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 127 EP - 136 VL - 76 IS - 2 SN - 0015-752X, 0015-752X KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - M3 1140:Biodiversity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17686892?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forestry&rft.atitle=Biocomplexity+and+restoration+of+biodiversity+in+temperate+coniferous+forest%3A+inducing+spatial+heterogeneity+with+variable-density+thinning&rft.au=Carey%2C+AB&rft.aulast=Carey&rft.aufirst=AB&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forestry&rft.issn=0015752X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - National strategic planning for sustainable forests: using criteria and indicators in the United States AN - 17676304; 5895398 AB - The United States strives to adopt a framework based on the Montreal Process criteria and indicators in strategic planning for sustainable forestry. JF - Unasylva AU - Grinspoon, E AU - Delfs, M AU - Brouha, P AD - United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service, Washington, DC, United States Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 14 EP - 20 VL - 54 IS - 3-4 SN - 0041-6436, 0041-6436 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - M3 1120:Land UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17676304?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Unasylva&rft.atitle=National+strategic+planning+for+sustainable+forests%3A+using+criteria+and+indicators+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Grinspoon%2C+E%3BDelfs%2C+M%3BBrouha%2C+P&rft.aulast=Grinspoon&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=14&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Unasylva&rft.issn=00416436&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecological Sustainability of Rangelands AN - 17673630; 5816014 AB - Rangelands and pastures are found in every state and cover 55% of the land surface of the United States. Taken as a whole, from Western deserts and grasslands to meadows and woodlands, rangelands comprise some 364 million ha or 80% of the land in the 17 Western states. The vast expanses and remoteness of rangelands make assessing economic and ecological sustainability a difficult task. Currently, there is no national monitoring framework in place to collect data on long-term or episodic processes and agents of change over time. There are no defined methods for summarizing the health of rangelands. Thus individual conclusions about the health or sustainability of the nation's rangelands vary from person to person and organization to organization. Over one million people derive some portion of their income from farm and ranch activities on rangelands and pastures in the western United States. These individuals own and operate over 406,000 farms and ranches with revenues from selling beef cattle exceeding $13 billion in the 17 Western states. Their continued economic survival is dependent on the environmental sustainability of rangelands. Moreover, organizations and individuals charged with selection of best management systems on rangelands are under increasing pressure to consider not only livestock production issues, but also sustainability and health under multiple land use. As a result, ranchers, government agencies, and other organizations have a critical need for improved methods to balance the economic viability of ranchers, the well being of rural America, and the health and sustainability of the nation's rangeland grazinglands. Therefore, a coordinated national research and technology transfer effort is required to successfully develop and transfer to ranchers and rangeland managers a science-based, monitoring system to determine the effect of management practices on sustainability of rangeland ecosystems. JF - Arid Land Research and Management AU - Weltz, MA AU - Dunn, G AU - Reeder, J AU - Frasier, G AD - USDA-ARS-Great Plains System Research, 301 S. Howes Street, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA, weltzL@gpsr.colostate.edu Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 369 EP - 388 VL - 17 IS - 4 SN - 1532-4982, 1532-4982 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - M3 1120:Land UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17673630?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Genomic+expansion+of+the+Mla+plant-defense+complex+is+driven+by+transposon+insertion+and+heterochromatic+replication&rft.au=Wise%2C+R&rft.aulast=Wise&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15324980390229292 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conjunctive Use of Tension Infiltrometry and Time-Domain Reflectometry for Inverse Estimation of Soil Hydraulic Properties AN - 17657544; 6495298 AB - Infiltration from a tension disc infiltrometer can be applied conjointly with time-domain reflectometry (TDR) measurements of soil water content to improve estimates of field hydraulic parameters. However, interpretation of TDR- measured water contents for use in inverse optimizations may be problematic when rods are partially within the wetted zone. The objective of this study was to assess if TDR-measured soil water contents in addition to cumulative infiltration could improve parameter estimability for the inverse optimization problem. Infiltration experiments were conducted with a 0.58-m-diam. cylinder packed with a loamy sand. Three trifilar TDR probes were inserted diagonally into the soil to measure transient water contents during infiltration. Inverse optimizations utilized cumulative infiltration, water contents from diagonally placed TDR probes, and a branch of the wetting water characteristic [theta](h) from extracted soil cores. Measured [theta](h) at one or more pressure heads was required in optimizations to provide a satisfactory description of the water characteristic in the dry region. Optimizations for three infiltration experiments yielded similar parameter estimates with overlapping 95% confidence intervals. The use of diagonal TDR-measured water contents improved the predicted redistribution of soil water and decreased covariances between parameter pairs that led to better parameter estimability. Optimized simulations predicted water contents in a three-dimensional region within 0.03 m super(3) m super(-3) of values measured by buried horizontal TDR probes. Parameter estimates were relatively insensitive to changes in the assumed averaging depth transverse to TDR rods. For the diagonally placed probes, the dominant gradients in water content were in directions that minimized errors associated with assuming a uniform weighting of water content within the TDR sampling volume. JF - Vadose Zone Journal AU - Schwartz, R C AU - Evett AD - Conservation and Production Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, P.O. Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012-0010, rschwart@cprl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 530 EP - 538 PB - Soil Science Society of America, 677 South Segoe Rd Maxison WI 53711 USA, [URL:http://www.soils.org/] VL - 2 IS - 4 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17657544?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vadose+Zone+Journal&rft.atitle=Conjunctive+Use+of+Tension+Infiltrometry+and+Time-Domain+Reflectometry+for+Inverse+Estimation+of+Soil+Hydraulic+Properties&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+R+C%3BEvett&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=9781369306552&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+stress+and+coping+in+professional+rock+musicians%3A+A+grounded+theory&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lateral Water Diffusion in an Artificial Macroporous System -- Modeling and Experimental Evidence AN - 17653827; 6495273 AB - In two-domain schematizations of macroporous soils or fractured rock systems, lateral mass exchange between macropores and the soil matrix is generally modeled as an apparent first-order process. With respect to lateral diffusion, the system is thus characterized by a single parameter, the transfer rate coefficient, which is difficult to estimate a priori. We conducted water infiltration experiments in a laboratory column with an artificial macropore. The novel design of the experimental setup allowed us to discriminate between matrix flow and macropore flow, from which we could estimate the water exchange flux between the two domains. Most of the parameters in a dual-permeability model could be determined independently of the experimental data. In particular, a theoretical expression for the transfer rate coefficient was derived by assuming lateral water and solute diffusion to be similar processes. Numerical analysis of the water exchange process revealed that the transfer coefficient depended also on the macropore conductivity. When this dependency was taken into account, the model reproduced the experimental data reasonably well. JF - Vadose Zone Journal AU - Castiglione, P AU - Mohanty, B P AU - Shouse, P J AU - Simunek, J AU - Van Genuchten, MTh AU - Santini, A AD - George E. Brown, Salinity Laboratory, 450 W. Big Springs Road, USDA, ARS, Riverside, CA, paoloc@uidaho.edu Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 212 EP - 221 PB - Soil Science Society of America, 677 South Segoe Rd Maxison WI 53711 USA, [URL:http://www.soils.org/] VL - 2 IS - 2 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 0840:Groundwater UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17653827?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vadose+Zone+Journal&rft.atitle=Lateral+Water+Diffusion+in+an+Artificial+Macroporous+System+--+Modeling+and+Experimental+Evidence&rft.au=Castiglione%2C+P%3BMohanty%2C+B+P%3BShouse%2C+P+J%3BSimunek%2C+J%3BVan+Genuchten%2C+MTh%3BSantini%2C+A&rft.aulast=Castiglione&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=212&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vadose+Zone+Journal&rft.issn=1539-1663&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Particle Size Segregation during Hand Packing of Coarse Granular Materials and Impacts on Local Pore-Scale Structure AN - 17653518; 6495280 AB - Soils and sediments consist of granular particles with an intricate network of pores between them. The structure and orientation of these pores will determine how the material transports fluids and contaminants. A common practice in soil science to simplify experiments and to achieve a homogeneous medium, against which to test transport equations, is to repack a quasi two-dimensional (2-D) Hele Shaw cell or a column. Soil is broken up and sieved to remove large particles that could cause anomalous measurements; then it is repacked into the column. However, this procedure destroys the natural structure and imparts a new structural arrangement. The material may appear to have similar bulk properties such as porosity and bulk density, but as we aim to demonstrate, the structural properties will be a function of the method used to repack, and it is unlikely that one can achieve a uniform distribution at the micro-scale. We present results of experiments using granular materials, demonstrating how mixtures of particles of different sizes segregate when poured, forming banded structures. The rate at which a material is poured will determine the uniformity of the packed sample. JF - Vadose Zone Journal AU - Lebron, I AU - Robinson, DA AD - George E. Brown Salinity Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 450 W. Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92507, ilebron@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 330 EP - 337 PB - Soil Science Society of America, 677 South Segoe Rd Maxison WI 53711 USA, [URL:http://www.soils.org/] VL - 2 IS - 3 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17653518?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+experimental+chlorate+compound+%28ECP%29+and+competitive+exclusion+product+%28CE%29+Salmonella+contamination+of+broilers&rft.au=Byrd%2C+JA%3BMoore%2C+R+W%3BKnape%2C+K+D%3BAnderson%2C+R+C%3BKubena%2C+L+F%3BNisbet%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Byrd&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Review of Advances in Dielectric and Electrical Conductivity Measurement in Soils Using Time Domain Reflectometry AN - 17652449; 6495292 AB - Substantial advances in the measurement of water content and bulk soil electrical conductivity (EC) using time domain reflectometry (TDR) have been made in the last two decades. The key to TDR's success is its ability to accurately measure the permittivity of a material and the fact that there is a good relationship between the permittivity of a material and its water content. A further advantage is the ability to estimate water content and measure bulk soil EC simultaneously using TDR. The aim of this review is to summarize and examine advances that have been made in terms of measuring permittivity and bulk EC. The review examines issues such as the effective frequency of the TDR measurement and waveform analysis in dispersive dielectrics. The growing importance of both waveform simulation and inverse analysis of waveforms is highlighted. Such methods hold great potential for obtaining far more information from TDR waveform analysis. Probe design is considered in some detail and practical guidance is given for probe construction. The importance of TDR measurement sampling volume is considered and the relative energy storage density is modeled for a range of probe designs. Tables are provided that compare some of the different aspects of commercial TDR equipment, and the units are discussed in terms of their performance and their advantages and disadvantages. It is hoped that the review will provide an informative guide to the more technical aspects of permittivity and EC measurement using TDR for the novice and expert alike. JF - Vadose Zone Journal AU - Robinson, DA AU - Jones, S B AU - Wraith, J M AU - Or, D AU - Friedman, S P AD - U.S. Salinity Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 450 W. Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92507, darobinson001@yahoo.co.uk Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 444 EP - 475 PB - Soil Science Society of America, 677 South Segoe Rd Maxison WI 53711 USA, [URL:http://www.soils.org/] VL - 2 IS - 4 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17652449?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vadose+Zone+Journal&rft.atitle=A+Review+of+Advances+in+Dielectric+and+Electrical+Conductivity+Measurement+in+Soils+Using+Time+Domain+Reflectometry&rft.au=Robinson%2C+DA%3BJones%2C+S+B%3BWraith%2C+J+M%3BOr%2C+D%3BFriedman%2C+S+P&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Constant Capacitance Model Computation of Boron Speciation for Varying Soil Water Content AN - 17583426; 6495261 AB - This work considered the aqueous speciation of B between a soil solution containing B and the tetrahedral surface B species (SH sub(3)BOH super(-) sub(4) during drying of the soil. The aqueous B species were boric acid (H sub(3)BO sub(3)) and the borate anion B super(-) sub(4). A computer program was written to calculate solution speciation of major ions using a matrix-type numerical solution including cation exchange and dissolution-precipitation of calcite. The B speciation was calculated separately but utilized the H super(+) concentration as determined in the major ion speciation. Numerical simulations of soil drying were performed for 20 hypothetical soil textures with clay contents ranging from 10 to 60% and three solution compositions representing saline, saline-sodic, and sodic soils. The effective K sub(d) (SH sub(3)BOH super(-) sub(4)/total solution B) decreased with gravimetric water content ([theta] sub(g)) for the range [theta] sub(g) = 1.5 to 0.05. A decrease in H super(+) concentration caused decreasing K sub(d) consistent with earlier experimental work showing decreasing fractional adsorbed B with decreasing pH in the range 7 to 9. K sub(d) varied from 2.5 to 4.7 at [theta] sub(g) = 1.5 because of variation of the equilibrium constants in the constant capacitance model (K super(-) and K super(+)) with varying soil texture. K sub(d) increased with increasing sodicity of the soil water. An application of this program would be prediction of adsorbed and solution B concentrations at field water content on the basis of experimental determinations of adsorbed and solution B concentration for saturated paste extracts. Such predictions would be useful to generate initial conditions for solute transport modeling and for determining whether solution B concentrations at field water contents would be beneficial or harmful to plants. JF - Vadose Zone Journal AU - Vaughan, P J AU - Suarez, D L AD - George E. Brown, Salinity Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 450 W. Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92507, pvaughan@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 253 EP - 258 PB - Soil Science Society of America, 677 South Segoe Rd Maxison WI 53711 USA, [URL:http://www.soils.org/] VL - 2 IS - 2 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Prediction KW - Speciation KW - Anions KW - Soil Texture KW - Soil Water KW - Soil Solution KW - Clays KW - Cation Exchange KW - Ions KW - Calcite KW - Hydrogen Ion Concentration KW - Drying KW - Boron KW - Model Studies KW - Computer Programs KW - Solute Transport KW - Acids KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17583426?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.genre=dissertations+%26+theses&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Thomas%2C+Crystal+Anne&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Crystal&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=9781339858746&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Going+the+Distance%21%3A+How+Distance+to+School+Relates+to+Student+Education+Outcomes&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Speciation; Model Studies; Prediction; Drying; Soil Texture; Soil Water; Calcite; Computer Programs; Soil Solution; Cation Exchange; Acids; Anions; Boron; Hydrogen Ion Concentration; Solute Transport; Ions; Clays ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of the Dual-Probe Heat-Pulse Technique to Monitor Soil Water Content in the Vadose Zone AN - 17581228; 6495303 AB - The dual-probe heat-pulse (DPHP) technique is emerging as a useful technique for measuring soil volumetric water content ([theta]). However, few published data are available regarding the performance of the DPHP technique under field conditions. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the DPHP technique for measuring [theta] under field conditions. We used 24 DPHP sensors to monitor [theta] in a soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] field during the 2001 and 2002 growing seasons. The DPHP sensors demonstrated durability in field conditions and clear sensitivity to temporal and spatial variations of [theta] at the scale of measurement. The mean [theta] measured by the DPHP sensors ([theta] sub(DPHP)) was on average 0.040 m super(3) m super(-3) larger than the mean [theta] measured by soil sampling ([theta] sub(SS)). The response of the DPHP sensors was linear. Regressions of [theta] sub(DPHP) vs. [theta] sub(SS) yielded r super(2) values of 0.949 and 0.843 at depths of 7.5 and 37.5 cm. The DPHP technique showed good resolution with RMSE values for the regression of 0.009 and 0.011 m super(3) m super(-3) at the two measurement depths. The slopes of the regressions were 0.75 rather than 1.0. Errors in [theta] sub(SS) are a likely cause of this low slope. We shifted all the [theta] values for each sensor up or down by a constant value to make the first [theta] measurement from each sensor equal [theta] determined from soil sampling near that sensor at the time of installation. This simple matching point procedure improved the accuracy of the DPHP technique, resulting in a -0.024 m super(3) m super(-3) average difference between [theta] sub(DPHP) and [theta] sub(SS). Also, the matching point procedure markedly reduced the variability between sensors, reducing the average SD from 0.063 to 0.026 m super(3) m super(-3). This procedure requires no additional soil sampling and is recommended for field applications of the DPHP technique. JF - Vadose Zone Journal AU - Ochsner, Tyson E AU - Horton, Robert AU - Ren, Tusheng AD - USDA-ARS, Soil and Water Management Research Unit, St. Paul, MN 55108, ochsner@umn.edu Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 572 EP - 579 PB - Soil Science Society of America, 677 South Segoe Rd Maxison WI 53711 USA, [URL:http://www.soils.org/] VL - 2 IS - 4 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Durability KW - Variability KW - Sensors KW - Soil Water KW - Errors KW - Installation KW - Soybeans KW - Performance Evaluation KW - Sampling KW - Slopes KW - Zones KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17581228?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vadose+Zone+Journal&rft.atitle=Use+of+the+Dual-Probe+Heat-Pulse+Technique+to+Monitor+Soil+Water+Content+in+the+Vadose+Zone&rft.au=Ochsner%2C+Tyson+E%3BHorton%2C+Robert%3BRen%2C+Tusheng&rft.aulast=Ochsner&rft.aufirst=Tyson&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=572&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vadose+Zone+Journal&rft.issn=1539-1663&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sensors; Sampling; Slopes; Variability; Soybeans; Installation; Performance Evaluation; Durability; Errors; Soil Water; Zones ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the state of the Danube inundation area (Dobrohost-Sap) and integrated planning for sustainable management AN - 16175895; 5930865 AB - An evaluation was made of the status of inundation area of the left bank of the Danube, a territory extending between Dobrohost village (at river kilometre marker 1842) and Sap village (at river kilometre marker 1811). In the first part of this paper, its authors characterise the current landscape structure and territory functions, with a focus on nature conservation priorities. In the second part of the paper, a primary characterisation of actual and proposed water management measures are described. The next part evaluates the actual status and expected progress of the area with respect to the effects of anthropogenic factors. The fact is highlighted that integrated landscape planning is required for sustainable management of the area. The final part of the paper constitutes a review of those measures supporting land use optimisation according to the restoration of ecosystem functions. JF - Ekologia (Bratislava)/Ecology (Bratislava) AU - Bohus, M AU - Kozova, M AU - Nevrelova, M AU - Izsak, G AU - Kosovic, P AD - Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of natural Sciences, Mlynska dolina B-2, 842 15 Bratislava, The Slovak Republic, bohus@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 285 EP - 300 VL - 22 SN - 1335-342X, 1335-342X KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Resource management KW - Water Management KW - Ecosystems KW - Anthropogenic factors KW - Sustainable development KW - Restoration KW - Germany, Danube R. KW - Evaluation KW - Planning KW - Regional planning KW - Rivers KW - Europe, Danube R. KW - Landscape KW - Land use KW - Villages KW - Water management KW - Flooding KW - Nature conservation KW - Environmental restoration KW - River Banks KW - Germany KW - Environment management KW - D 04700:Management KW - M3 1120:Land KW - SW 4070:Ecological impact of water development KW - Q5 08522:Protective measures and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16175895?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ekologia+%28Bratislava%29%2FEcology+%28Bratislava%29&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+state+of+the+Danube+inundation+area+%28Dobrohost-Sap%29+and+integrated+planning+for+sustainable+management&rft.au=Bohus%2C+M%3BKozova%2C+M%3BNevrelova%2C+M%3BIzsak%2C+G%3BKosovic%2C+P&rft.aulast=Bohus&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=&rft.spage=285&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ekologia+%28Bratislava%29%2FEcology+%28Bratislava%29&rft.issn=1335342X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Resource management; Water management; Nature conservation; Anthropogenic factors; Regional planning; Land use; Restoration; Rivers; Villages; Planning; Landscape; Flooding; Environmental restoration; Sustainable development; Environment management; Evaluation; Water Management; Ecosystems; River Banks; Germany, Danube R.; Europe, Danube R.; Germany ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potential energy savings in buildings by an urban tree planting programme in California AN - 16166386; 5790301 AB - Tree canopy cover data from aerial photographs and building energy simulations were applied to estimate energy savings from existing trees and new plantings in California. There are approximately 177.3 million energy-conserving trees in California communities and 241.6 million empty planting sites. Existing trees are projected to reduce annual air conditioning energy use by 2.5% with a wholesale value of $485.8 million. Peak load reduction by existing trees saves utilities 10% valued at approximately $778.5 million annually, or $4.39/tree. Planting 50 million trees to shade east and west walls of residential buildings is projected to reduce cooling by 1.1% and peak load demand by 4.5% over a 15-year period. The present wholesale value of annual cooling reductions for the 15-year period is $3.6 billion ($71/tree planted). Assuming total planting and stewardship costs of $2.5 billion ($50/tree), the cost of peak load reduction is $63/kW, considerably less than the $150/kW benchmark for cost-effectiveness. Influences of tree location near buildings and regional climate differences on potential energy savings are discussed. JF - Urban Forestry & Urban Greening AU - McPherson, E G AU - Simpson, J R AD - Center for Urban Forest Research, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Dept. of Environmental Horticulture, One Shields Ave, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA, egmcpherson@ucdavis.edu Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 73 EP - 86 VL - 2 IS - 2 SN - 1618-8667, 1618-8667 KW - energy efficiency KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Human Population KW - Trees KW - Air conditioning KW - Planting KW - Shade KW - Energy conservation KW - USA, California KW - Cooling KW - Urban environments KW - M1 320:Environmental & Natural Resource Development KW - M3 1120:Land UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16166386?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Urban+Forestry+%26+Urban+Greening&rft.atitle=Potential+energy+savings+in+buildings+by+an+urban+tree+planting+programme+in+California&rft.au=McPherson%2C+E+G%3BSimpson%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=McPherson&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Urban+Forestry+%26+Urban+Greening&rft.issn=16188667&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Air conditioning; Trees; Shade; Planting; Energy conservation; Cooling; Urban environments; USA, California ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cumulative storm rainfall distributions: comparison of Huff curves AN - 16156526; 5702425 AB - Watershed models of hydrology and water quality often require a long record of precipitation measured in short time increments. Huff curves, a probabilistic representation of storm intensities using isopleths of probability, can provide this information stochastically or as design storms. However, many factors affect the development of Huff curves, and an objective method for comparing them is needed. This study investigated two methods of comparing Huff curves, a "curve approach" in which the isopleths of probability of Huff curves were compared using a measure of disparity between isopleths, and a statistical test using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test ("K-S approach"). Fifteen years of precipitation data for May and June from Invercargill, New Zealand were used. The minimum number of storms needed to develop Huff curves that were stable (i.e. a set of curves that does not change with added storms) was used to illustrate the two methods. Both methods used three regions within Huff curves to detect the location of differences. The curve approach showed that a sample size of 110-140 storms was sufficient to achieve stability. The K-S approach showed that a sample size of about 145 storms was adequate, but lowering the significance probability to 5% from 10% revealed that a sample size of 110 to 120 storms was sufficient. The data suggest that a minimum storm sample size of 120 storms was sufficient to develop a stable set of Huff curves based on the results of both methods. The results suggest that either method can be used to identify the minimum number of storms. The two methods can be used to evaluate other factors important in Huff-curve construction for quality control. JF - Journal of Hydrology (New Zealand) AU - Bonta, J V AU - Shahalam, A AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, North Appalachian Experimental Watershed, Coshocton, OH 43812, USA Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 65 EP - 74 VL - 42 IS - 1 SN - 0022-1708, 0022-1708 KW - Huff curves KW - New Zealand KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Meteorological Data Collection KW - Rainfall KW - Probability calculations KW - Water Quality KW - Watersheds KW - Water quality KW - Storms KW - Design Storms KW - Measuring methods KW - Statistical analysis of rainfall KW - Hydrology KW - Storm rainfall distribution KW - Hydrologic Data KW - Data Interpretation KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - M2 551.577.2:Distribution at earth's surface. (551.577.2) KW - SW 0815:Precipitation KW - M2 551.501.777:Methods of observation and computation of precipitation (551.501.777) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16156526?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28New+Zealand%29&rft.atitle=Cumulative+storm+rainfall+distributions%3A+comparison+of+Huff+curves&rft.au=Bonta%2C+J+V%3BShahalam%2C+A&rft.aulast=Bonta&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28New+Zealand%29&rft.issn=00221708&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Probability calculations; Statistical analysis of rainfall; Storm rainfall distribution; Measuring methods; Rainfall; Hydrology; Water quality; Watersheds; Storms; Meteorological Data Collection; Design Storms; Water Quality; Data Interpretation; Hydrologic Data ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A profile of CCA-treated lumber removed from service in the southeastern United States decking market AN - 16148305; 5564585 AB - This research developed a profile of used chromated copper arsenate (CCA) lumber removed from the demolition of residential decking. This was achieved by gathering and compiling information regarding the construction, demolition, deck remodeling, deck replacement factors, and factors affecting the recovery of spent CCA lumber. In addition, qualitative responses regarding programs and incentives to facilitate recovery, and the potential products that could be manufactured from spent CCA lumber were addressed. The study included a mail questionnaire that was sent to over 2,800 contractors in Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. A mail questionnaire was used to collect both demographic data and assess the factors affecting the recovery of treated lumber. Research findings indicate the average age of decks at removal was nearly 13 years, and that the average size of decks is increasing, from 198 to 272 ft. super(2). Extrapolated results indicate that 67.5 million board feet of treated lumber was removed from the sample states and 1 billion board feet of decking lumber was removed in 1999 from the demolition of decks. The majority of participants built new decks. When decks were repaired, the primary components replaced were deck boards and railings. The primary reason for deck replacement was decayed wood, and the majority of respondents directed spent CCA lumber to municipal solid waste landfills. The two salient reasons for not recovering spent CCA lumber were a lack of recovery facilities and programs, respectively. JF - Forest Products Journal AU - Alderman, D Jr AU - Smith, R AU - Araman, P AD - Northeastern Res. Sta., USDA Forest Serv., Princeton, WV, USA Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 38 EP - 45 VL - 53 IS - 1 SN - 0015-7473, 0015-7473 KW - chromated copper arsenate KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - USA, North Carolina KW - USA, South Carolina KW - Materials recovery KW - Construction materials KW - Environmental restoration KW - USA, Georgia KW - Environmental incentives KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16148305?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Nursing+Practice&rft.atitle=The+impact+of+adopting+person%E2%80%90centred+care+approach+for+people+with+Alzheimer%27s+on+professional+caregivers%27+burden%3A+An+interventional+study&rft.au=Hayajneh%2C+Ferial+A%3BShehadeh%2C+Anas&rft.aulast=Hayajneh&rft.aufirst=Ferial&rft.date=2014-08-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=438&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Nursing+Practice&rft.issn=13227114&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fijn.12251 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Materials recovery; Environmental restoration; Construction materials; Environmental incentives; USA, North Carolina; USA, South Carolina; USA, Georgia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Supplement to the Desert Project Soil Monograph; soils and landscapes of a desert region astride the Rio Grande Valley near Las Cruces, New Mexico; Volume 3 AN - 1562650073; 2014-023263 JF - Soil Survey Investigations Report Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 374 EP - 374, 13 sheets PB - U. S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, DC SN - 0584-0562, 0584-0562 KW - United States KW - terrestrial environment KW - Basin and Range Province KW - Dona Ana County New Mexico KW - surficial geology KW - New Mexico KW - deserts KW - Cenozoic KW - Rio Grande Valley KW - soils KW - North America KW - pedogenesis KW - southern New Mexico KW - Quaternary KW - landform description KW - Desert Soil-Geomorphology Project KW - arid environment KW - landform evolution KW - surficial geology maps KW - maps KW - geomorphologic maps KW - Las Cruces New Mexico KW - soils maps KW - geomorphology KW - landscapes KW - 24:Quaternary geology KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1562650073?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2014-08-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=438&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Nursing+Practice&rft.issn=13227114&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fijn.12251 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2014-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - SuppNotes - Individual chapters are cited separately; maps not included in PDF N1 - Last updated - 2014-09-18 N1 - CODEN - SSIRA9 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - arid environment; Basin and Range Province; Cenozoic; Desert Soil-Geomorphology Project; deserts; Dona Ana County New Mexico; geomorphologic maps; geomorphology; landform description; landform evolution; landscapes; Las Cruces New Mexico; maps; New Mexico; North America; pedogenesis; Quaternary; Rio Grande Valley; soils; soils maps; southern New Mexico; surficial geology; surficial geology maps; terrestrial environment; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simulation of terrain and forest shelter effects on patterns of snow deposition, snowmelt and runoff over a semi-arid mountain catchment AN - 20970687; 5556664 AB - In mountainous regions, topographic structure and vegetation control patterns of snow deposition, climate conditions, and snowmelt. A topographically distributed snow accumulation and melt model (ISNOBAL) was coupled to a wind field and snow redistribution model to simulate the development and ablation of the seasonal snow cover over a small mountainous catchment, the Reynolds Mountain East basin (0 times 38 km super(2)) in southwestern Idaho, USA. The model was driven by hourly terrain- and canopy-corrected data grids derived from meteorological data from two stations located within the catchment for four water years (1986, 1987, 1989 and 1997). The catchment was divided into four shelter classes, based on terrain and vegetation; these were used for an analysis of how the mass and energy balance of the snowcover varies over the basin as a function of terrain and forest characteristics for each of the selected years. As shown by the simulations and verified by detailed point measurements and the late-season areal photographs of snow-covered area, in all years the wind-exposed areas developed thinner snow covers and were essentially bare of snow prior to the onset of spring meltout in wind-sheltered areas. The meltout of the wind-sheltered drift and canopy-enclosed regions occurred in conjunction with the springtime increase in solar radiation generating the bulk of springtime runoff. Melt contributions from the drifts may continue into the late spring and early summer. This research uses a unique set of point and spatial verification data to show that a snow accumulation and ablation model, adjusted for wind redistribution effects, reliably simulated the topographic and vegetation influences on snow distribution, the energy balance, and the hydrology of snow and wind-dominated mountainous regions. JF - Hydrological Processes AU - Marks, D AU - Winstral, A AU - Seyfried, M AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Northwest Watershed Research Center, 800 Park Blvd, Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712-7716, USA, danny@nwrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12/30/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 30 SP - 3605 EP - 3626 VL - 16 IS - 18 SN - 0885-6087, 0885-6087 KW - USA, Idaho KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Catchment area KW - Meteorological Data Collection KW - Ecological distribution KW - Forests KW - Snow Cover KW - Snow accumulation KW - Topographic effects KW - Spatial Distribution KW - Snowmelt in forests KW - Snowmelt-runoff relationships KW - Shelters KW - Snow Accumulation KW - Wind KW - Ablation KW - Topography KW - Temporal Distribution KW - Snow KW - Vegetation KW - Model Studies KW - Alpine Regions KW - Energy balance KW - Ice melting KW - Topographic effects on snow cover KW - Snowmelt KW - Runoff KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - M2 556.16:Runoff (556.16) KW - SW 0820:Snow, ice and frost KW - M2 556.12:Precipitation (556.12) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20970687?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrological+Processes&rft.atitle=Simulation+of+terrain+and+forest+shelter+effects+on+patterns+of+snow+deposition%2C+snowmelt+and+runoff+over+a+semi-arid+mountain+catchment&rft.au=Marks%2C+D%3BWinstral%2C+A%3BSeyfried%2C+M&rft.aulast=Marks&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-12-30&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=3605&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrological+Processes&rft.issn=08856087&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fhyp.1237 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Catchment area; Energy balance; Ice melting; Snow; Ecological distribution; Shelters; Topographic effects; Runoff; Ablation; Snowmelt in forests; Topographic effects on snow cover; Snowmelt-runoff relationships; Snow accumulation; Meteorological Data Collection; Alpine Regions; Snowmelt; Forests; Vegetation; Snow Accumulation; Snow Cover; Spatial Distribution; Wind; Model Studies; Temporal Distribution; Topography DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1237 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of spatial interpolation methods for estimating snow distribution in the Colorado Rocky Mountains AN - 18904326; 5556665 AB - Our understanding of snow distribution in the mountains is limited as a result of the complex controls leading to extreme spatial variability. More accurate representations of snow distribution are greatly needed for improvements to hydrological forecasts, climate models, and for the future testing and validation of remote-sensing retrieval algorithms. In this study, the relative performances of four spatial interpolation methods were evaluated to estimate snow water equivalent for three 1 km super(2) study sites in the Colorado Rocky Mountains. Each study site is representative of different topographic and vegetative characteristics. From 1 to 11 April 2001, 550 snow depth measurements and approximately 16 snow density profiles were obtained within each study site. The analytical methods used to estimate snow depth over the 1 km super(2) areas were (1) inverse distance weighting, (2) ordinary kriging, (3) modified residual kriging and cokriging, and (4) a combined method using binary regression trees and geostatistical methods. The independent variables used were elevation, slope, aspect, net solar radiation, and vegetation. Using cross-validation procedures, each method was assessed for accuracy. The tree-based models provided the most accurate estimates for all study sites, explaining 18-30% of the observed variability in snow depth. Kriging of the regression tree residuals did not substantially improve the models. Cokriging of the residuals resulted in a less accurate model when compared with the tree-based models alone. Binary regression trees may have generated the most accurate estimates out of all methods evaluated; however, substantial portions of the variability in observed snow depth were left unexplained by the models. Though the data may have simply lacked spatial structure, it is recommended that the characteristics of the study sites, sampling strategy, and independent variables be explored further to evaluate the causes for the relatively poor model results. JF - Hydrological Processes AU - Erxleben, J AU - Elder, K AU - Davis, R AD - USDA-NRCS Snow Survey Office, 245 Jimmy Doolittle Road, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, USA, Jennifer.Erxleben@ut.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12/30/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 30 SP - 3627 EP - 3649 VL - 16 IS - 18 SN - 0885-6087, 0885-6087 KW - USA, Colorado, Rocky Mts. KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - M2 556:General (556) KW - SW 0820:Snow, ice and frost KW - M2 551.578.4:Crystalline (551.578.4) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18904326?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrological+Processes&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+spatial+interpolation+methods+for+estimating+snow+distribution+in+the+Colorado+Rocky+Mountains&rft.au=Erxleben%2C+J%3BElder%2C+K%3BDavis%2C+R&rft.aulast=Erxleben&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-12-30&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=3627&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrological+Processes&rft.issn=08856087&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fhyp.1239 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1239 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simulating wind fields and snow redistribution using terrain-based parameters to model snow accumulation and melt over a semi-arid mountain catchment AN - 18836995; 5556663 AB - In mountainous regions, wind plays a prominent role in determining snow accumulation patterns and turbulent heat exchanges, strongly affecting the timing and magnitude of snowmelt runoff. In this study, digital terrain analysis was employed to quantify aspects of the upwind topography related to wind shelter and exposure, to efficiently develop a distributed time-series of snow accumulation rates and wind speeds to force a distributed snow model. Parameters are presented that determined each grid cell's topographic exposure and potential for drift development relative to observed winds. Using meteorological data taken from both an exposed and a sheltered site in the Reynolds Mountain East watershed (0 times 38 km super(2)) in southwestern Idaho, the terrain parameters were used to distribute rates of snow accumulation and wind speeds at an hourly time step for input to ISNOBAL, an energy and mass balance snow model. Model runs were initiated prior to the development of the seasonal snow cover and continued through complete meltout for the 1986 (precipitation 128% of average), 1987 (66%), and 1989 (108%) water years. A comprehensive dataset consisting of a time series of aerial photographs taken during meltout, measured runoff, and snow data from the sheltered meteorological site were used to validate the simulations. ISNOBAL forced with accumulation rates and wind fields generated from the applied terrain parameterizations accurately modelled the observed snow distribution (including the formation of drifts and scoured wind-exposed ridges) and snowmelt runoff for all three years of study. By contrast, ISNOBAL forced with spatially constant accumulation rates and wind speeds taken from the sheltered meteorological site, a typical snow-monitoring site, overestimated peak snowmelt inputs and tended to underestimate snowmelt inputs prior to the runoff peak. JF - Hydrological Processes AU - Winstral, A AU - Marks, D AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Northwest Watershed Research Center, 800 Park Blvd, Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712, USA, awinstra@nwrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12/30/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 30 SP - 3585 EP - 3603 VL - 16 IS - 18 SN - 0885-6087, 0885-6087 KW - USA, Idaho KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Meteorological Data Collection KW - Wind field determination KW - Wind effects on snow cover KW - Snow accumulation KW - Snowmelt calculation KW - Spatial Distribution KW - Terrain Analysis KW - Model Studies KW - Mountains KW - Performance Evaluation KW - Snowmelt KW - Snow Accumulation KW - Wind KW - Temporal Distribution KW - M2 551.553:Variations at Earth's Surface (551.553) KW - M2 551.578.46:Snow cover (including depth, temperature and density) KW - SW 0820:Snow, ice and frost UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18836995?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Effect+of+exchangeable+Mg+on+saturated+hydraulic+conductivity%2C+disaggregation+and+clay+dispersion+of+disturbed+soils&rft.au=Zhang%2C+X+C%3BNorton%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=260&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=194&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wind field determination; Wind effects on snow cover; Snowmelt calculation; Snow accumulation; Mountains; Meteorological Data Collection; Performance Evaluation; Snowmelt; Snow Accumulation; Spatial Distribution; Wind; Model Studies; Temporal Distribution; Terrain Analysis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1238 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - PCR as a diagnostic tool for brucellosis AN - 18674677; 5566846 AB - Numerous PCR-based assays have been developed for the identification of Brucella to improve diagnostic capabilities. Collectively, the repertoire of assays addresses several aspects of the diagnostic process. For some purposes, the simple identification of Brucella is adequate (e.g. diagnosis of human brucellosis or contamination of food products). In these cases, a genus-specific PCR assay is sufficient. Genus-specific assays tend to be simple, robust, and somewhat permissive of environmental influences. The main genetic targets utilized for these applications are the Brucella BCSP31 gene and the 16S-23S rRNA operon. Other instances require identification of the Brucella species involved. For example, most government-sponsored brucellosis eradication programs include regulations that stipulate a species-specific response. For epidemiological trace back, strain-specific identification is helpful. Typically, differential PCR-based assays tend to be more complex and consequently more difficult to perform. Several strategies have been explored to differentiate among Brucella species and strains, including locus specific multiplexing (e.g. AMOS-PCR based on IS711), PCR-RFLP (e.g. the omp2 locus), arbitraryprimed PCR, and ERIC-PCR to name a few. This paper reviews some of the major advancements in molecular diagnostics for Brucella including the development of procedures designed for the direct analysis of a variety of clinical samples. While the progress to date is impressive, there is still room for improvement. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Bricker, B J AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, 2300 Dayton Road, Ames, IA 50010, USA, bbricker@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12/20/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 20 SP - 435 EP - 446 VL - 90 IS - 1-4 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - food products KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18674677?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=PCR+as+a+diagnostic+tool+for+brucellosis&rft.au=Bricker%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Bricker&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-12-20&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=435&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Brucellosis. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diagnostic strategies used for the identification of Brucella AN - 18672725; 5566845 JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Bricker, B J AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, 2300 Dayton Road, Ames, IA 50010, USA, bbricker@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12/20/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 20 SP - 433 EP - 434 VL - 90 IS - 1-4 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18672725?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Oleoresin+characteristics+of+progeny+of+loblolly+pines+that+escaped+attack+by+the+southern+pine+beetle&rft.au=Strom%2C+B+L%3BGoyer%2C+R+A%3BIngram%2C+L+L%3BBoyd%2C+GDL%3BLott%2C+L+H&rft.aulast=Strom&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=158&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=169&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Brucellosis. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Paradigm shifts in vaccine development: lessons learned about antigenicity, pathogenicity and virulence of Brucellae AN - 18672292; 5566853 AB - As part of a program to support the USDA Animal Plant Health Inspection Service Bovine Brucellosis Eradication Program, the Brucellosis Research Unit of the National Animal Disease Center (NADC) sought to develop a bovine brucellosis vaccine that would allow vaccinated animals to be distinguished from virulent field infected animals. In order to meet that goal, several avenues of research were undertaken to construct and test candidate vaccines, including Brucella abortus RB51. In early vaccine development studies, a subunit preparation obtained by extracting B. abortus with salts was studied as a candidate subunit vaccine. Later, molecular biological techniques were used both to clone genes encoding products found in the salt extract (BCSP31 and Cu-Zn SOD) and genes encoding proteins of B. abortus that were antigenic (HtrA) or possibly essential (two-component systems) for full virulence of B. abortus. In vitro systems using mammalian cells lines such as HeLa and macrophage-related were used along with the mouse model and host animal models. Results obtained at NADC and in other Brucellosis research laboratories, using survival in mammalian cell lines and the mouse model to access pathogenicity and virulence of genetically engineered strains, do not necessarily identify loci that are essential for full virulence or pathogenicity in the natural host, the bovine. Studies at NADC and other brucellosis laboratories showed that antigenicity was not a predictor of the effectiveness of a protein as a subunit vaccine. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Halling, S M AD - Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Unit, National Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA, shalling@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12/20/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 20 SP - 545 EP - 552 VL - 90 IS - 1-4 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - HtrA protein KW - cattle KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 310:Agricultural Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18672292?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Paradigm+shifts+in+vaccine+development%3A+lessons+learned+about+antigenicity%2C+pathogenicity+and+virulence+of+Brucellae&rft.au=Halling%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Halling&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-12-20&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=545&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Brucellosis. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) brucellosis eradication program in the United States AN - 18668598; 5566813 AB - Efforts to eradicate brucellosis caused by Brucella abortus in the United States began in 1934 as part of an economic recovery program to reduce the cattle population because of the Great Depression and concurrent severe drought conditions. A number of states saw this as an opportunity to reduce the level of brucellosis, which was the most significant livestock disease problem in the US at the time. In 1934 and 1935, the reactor rate in adult cattle tested was 11.5%. In 1954, the magnitude of the brucellosis problem in the United States in terms of economics to the cattle industry and human health prompted Congress to appropriate funds for a comprehensive national effort to eradicate brucellosis. The brucellosis eradication program was designed as a cooperative effort between the federal government, the states, and livestock producers. As the science and technology of brucellosis has developed over the years through research and experience, the eradication program has been modified many times. As of 31 December 2000, there were no affected cattle herds in the United States. This was the first time in the history of the brucellosis program that the United States had no known brucellosis affected herds. However, brucellosis has a variable, sometimes quite lengthy incubation period, so it is expected that additional affected herds will be disclosed. It is likely that additional affected herds will be disclosed before brucellosis is finally eradicated from cattle. Animal health officials remain prepared to aggressively pursue any newly disclosed affected herds to eliminate the disease as quickly as possible. The State-Federal Brucellosis Eradication Program has made tremendous progress since its inception. In an eradication program, it is critically important to recognize that, despite all the tools that are available to eliminate the disease, an effective surveillance system is the critical first step that must be in place in order to be successful. It is imperative, not only to be able to find the disease and eliminate it, but to find it before it spreads to susceptible herds. When brucellosis can be identified, contained, and eliminated before spread occurs, eradication can be achieved. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Ragan, V E AD - USDA, APHIS, Veterinary Services, 4700 River Road, Unit 43, Riverdale, MD 20737, USA, valeri.e.ragan@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12/20/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 20 SP - 11 EP - 18 VL - 90 IS - 1-4 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - cattle KW - eradication KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18668598?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=The+Animal+and+Plant+Health+Inspection+Service+%28APHIS%29+brucellosis+eradication+program+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Ragan%2C+V+E&rft.aulast=Ragan&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2002-12-20&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Brucellosis. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Changes in volatile compounds of gamma-irradiated fresh cilantro leaves during cold storage. AN - 72768613; 12475280 AB - Consumption of salsas and dishes containing cilantro has been linked to several recent outbreaks of food-borne illness due to contamination with human pathogens. Ionizing irradiation can effectively eliminate food-borne pathogens from various vegetables including cilantro. However, the effect of irradiation on aroma of fresh cilantro is unknown. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of irradiation on volatile compounds of fresh cilantro leaves. Fresh cilantro leaves (Coriandrum sativum L) were irradiated with 0, 1, 2, or 3 kGy gamma radiation and then stored at 3 degrees C up to 14 days. Volatile compounds were extracted using solid-phase microextraction (SPME), followed by gas chromatographic separation and mass spectra detection at 0, 3, 7, and 14 days after irradiation. Most of the volatile compounds identified were aldehydes. Decanal and (E)-2-decenal were the most abundant compounds, accounting for more than 80% of the total amount of identified compounds. The amounts of linalool, dodecanal, and (E)-2-dodecenal in irradiated samples were significantly lower than those in nonirradiated samples at day 14. However, the most abundant compounds [decanal and (E)-2-decenal] were not consistently affected by irradiation. During storage at 3 degrees C, the amount of most aldehydes peaked at 3 days and then decreased afterward. Our results suggest irradiation of fresh cilantro for safety enhancement at doses up to 3 kGy had minimal effect on volatile compounds compared with the losses that occurred during storage. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Fan, Xuetong AU - Sokorai, Kimberly J B AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U S Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. xfan@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2002/12/18/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 18 SP - 7622 EP - 7626 VL - 50 IS - 26 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Aldehydes KW - 0 KW - Monoterpenes KW - Plant Extracts KW - decanaldehyde KW - 31Z90Q7KQJ KW - linalool KW - D81QY6I88E KW - Index Medicus KW - Odorants -- analysis KW - Aldehydes -- analysis KW - Gamma Rays KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Volatilization KW - Monoterpenes -- analysis KW - Plant Extracts -- chemistry KW - Time Factors KW - Coriandrum -- chemistry KW - Cold Temperature KW - Plant Leaves -- chemistry KW - Food Preservation KW - Food Irradiation -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72768613?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Changes+in+volatile+compounds+of+gamma-irradiated+fresh+cilantro+leaves+during+cold+storage.&rft.au=Fan%2C+Xuetong%3BSokorai%2C+Kimberly+J+B&rft.aulast=Fan&rft.aufirst=Xuetong&rft.date=2002-12-18&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=26&rft.spage=7622&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of commercial production and product formulation stresses on the heat resistance of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (NCTC 12900) in beef burgers AN - 18600219; 5475294 AB - The effects of commercial beef burger production and product formulation on the heat resistance of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (NCTC 12900) in beef burgers were investigated. Fresh beef trimmings were inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 to approximately log sub(10) 7.0 cfu g super(-1) and subjected to standard beef burger production processes, including freezing, frozen storage and tempering. The tempered trimmings were processed in line with commercial practice to produce burgers of two formulations, a 'Quality' burger containing 100% beef and an 'Economy' burger containing 70% beef and 30% other ingredients (salt, seasoning, soya, onion and water). The burgers were then frozen and stored. Control 'unprocessed' burgers were produced to each of the above formulations using fresh beef trimmings. All burger types were heat-treated at 55, 60 or 65 degree C. Samples were examined by plating on Tryptone Soya Agar (TSA), incubated at 37 degree C for 2 h, before overlaying with SMAC (TSA/SMAC) and incubation at 37 degree C. The resultant counts were used to derive D-values for E. coli O157:H7. At each treatment temperature, the D-values from each burger formulation using frozen tempered trimmings were significantly lower (P < 0.001) than the D-values from that formulation using fresh trimmings. At each treatment temperature, the D-values from Economy burgers using processed trimmings were significantly higher (P < 0.001) than the D-values from Quality burgers using processed trimmings. A similar trend of significantly higher (P < 0.001) D-values for Economy burgers was observed using fresh trimmings. This study found that commercial processing and product formulation have profound effects on the heat resistance of E. coli O157:H7 in beef burgers. JF - International Journal of Food Microbiology AU - Byrne, C M AU - Bolton, D J AU - Sheridan, J J AU - Blair, I S AU - McDowell, DA AD - Microbiological Food Safety Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, cbyrne@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2002/12/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 15 SP - 183 EP - 192 VL - 79 IS - 3 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18600219?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+commercial+production+and+product+formulation+stresses+on+the+heat+resistance+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+%28NCTC+12900%29+in+beef+burgers&rft.au=Byrne%2C+C+M%3BBolton%2C+D+J%3BSheridan%2C+J+J%3BBlair%2C+I+S%3BMcDowell%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Byrne&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-12-15&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Looking Beneath the Surface AN - 16143825; 5532331 AB - It is widely accepted that the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere will have profound impacts on Earth's climate, including global warming, altered precipitation patterns, and increased storm intensities. The likely ecological impact of global change is typically assessed in experiments conducted in various ecosystems subjected to one or at most two such environmental changes. The paucity of multiple-factor, multiple-year global change studies limits our understanding of how ecosystem processes will respond to global climate change. On page 1987 of this issue, Shaw et al. take an important step toward a more integrated approach to understanding multiple global changes. The study raises questions about our ability to design and interpret studies for understanding long-term ecosystem responses to global change. JF - Science (Washington) AU - Morgan, JA AD - USDA-ARS Rangeland Resources Research Unit, 1701 Centre Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA, morgan@lamar.colostate.edu Y1 - 2002/12/06/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 06 SP - 1903 EP - 1904 PB - American Association for the Advancement of Science VL - 298 IS - 5600 SN - 0036-8075, 0036-8075 KW - global warming KW - Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Climatic changes KW - Man-induced effects KW - Pollution effects KW - Freshwater KW - Storms KW - Human impact KW - Climatic change causes KW - Atmospheric precipitations KW - Marine KW - Environmental impact KW - Brackish KW - Greenhouse effect KW - Anthropogenic climate changes KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - USA KW - Long-term changes KW - Global warming KW - Human factors KW - Greenhouse gases KW - Global warming effects KW - National planning KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - M2 551.583:Variations (551.583) KW - M2 551.588:Environmental Influences (551.588) KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16143825?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=Modulation+of+hormone-sensitive+lipase+and+protein+kinase+A-mediated+lipolysis+by+perilipin+A+in+an+adenoviral+reconstituted+system.&rft.au=Souza%2C+Sandra+C%3BMuliro%2C+Kizito+V%3BLiscum%2C+Laura%3BLien%2C+Ping%3BYamamoto%2C+Mia+T%3BSchaffer%2C+Jean+E%3BDallal%2C+Gerard+E%3BWang%2C+Xinzhong%3BKraemer%2C+Fredric+B%3BObin%2C+Martin%3BGreenberg%2C+Andrew+S&rft.aulast=Souza&rft.aufirst=Sandra&rft.date=2002-03-08&rft.volume=277&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=8267&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atmospheric precipitations; Long-term changes; Climatic changes; Environmental impact; Pollution effects; Man-induced effects; Greenhouse effect; Storms; National planning; Ecosystem disturbance; Global warming; Human impact; Climatic change causes; Global warming effects; Anthropogenic climate changes; Human factors; Greenhouse gases; USA; Freshwater; Brackish; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Epidemiology of Bacterial Diseases in Food-Size Channel Catfish AN - 879468733; 11690785 AB - Enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC) and columnaris are the most economically important bacterial diseases affecting the channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus industry in the United States. Although these two diseases have been extensively researched, little is known about their prevalence and epidemiology in production systems. In 1997, a two-part survey of catfish producers in Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi was conducted to estimate the proportion of ponds and catfish operations that have these diseases and to develop information on the risk factors associated with reporting an occurrence. The response rates to the two phases of the survey were 65.6% and 75.3%, respectively. Overall, 78.1% of all operations and 42.1% of all ponds experienced problems with ESC/columnaris. Higher percentages of large operations and ponds on large operations experienced these problems. The most frequently reported average loss per outbreak of the two diseases was 200-2,000 lb (1 lb = 0.454 kg) per outbreak. Univariate analysis and multivariable regression modeling of the survey data identified three possible risk factors associated with ESC/columnaris, namely, operation size, stocking density, and feeding rate. Conversely, operations that produced their own fingerlings and those that drained ponds at intervals of 3 years or less were less likely to report losses. The associations identified in this study do not establish firm causal relationships, but they do generate hypotheses about managerial and environmental interactions that represent substantial risks to production. JF - Journal of Aquatic Animal Health AU - Wagner, Bruce A AU - Wise, David J AU - Khoo, Lester H AU - Terhune, Jeffery S AD - Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 263 EP - 272 PB - American Fisheries Society, 5410 Grosvenor Ln. Bethesda MD 20814-2199 USA VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 0899-7659, 0899-7659 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Bacteria KW - Feeding KW - Aquatic animals KW - Data processing KW - Stocking KW - Epidemiology KW - Septicemia KW - Risk factors KW - Food KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - Ponds KW - J 02410:Animal Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/879468733?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Aquatic+Animal+Health&rft.atitle=The+Epidemiology+of+Bacterial+Diseases+in+Food-Size+Channel+Catfish&rft.au=Wagner%2C+Bruce+A%3BWise%2C+David+J%3BKhoo%2C+Lester+H%3BTerhune%2C+Jeffery+S&rft.aulast=Wagner&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Aquatic+Animal+Health&rft.issn=08997659&rft_id=info:doi/10.1577%2F1548-8667%282002%290142.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-04-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aquatic animals; Feeding; Stocking; Data processing; Septicemia; Epidemiology; Food; Risk factors; Ponds; Bacteria; Ictalurus punctatus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(2002)014<0263:TEOBDI>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Species composition and structure of regenerated and remnant forest patches within an urban landscape AN - 860372053; 13880160 AB - Regenerated and remnant forest patches were inventoried in Syracuse, New York, USA to determine differences in structure, species composition, human disturbances, and landscape context. Patches had similar mean stem diameter, total stem density, and total basal areas, but differed with respect to diameter distribution, disturbance regime, landscape context, and occurrence of introduced species. In regenerated patches, 23 introduced species were inventoried and they accounted for 48% of relative density. In remnant patches, only seven introduced species were inventoried and they accounted for 17% of the relative density. Cluster analyses identified two community types for remnant patches--sugar maple and black oak--and three for regenerated patches--sugar maple, Norway maple, and boxelder. For remnant patches, Rhamnus cathartica dominated the small diameter class in the black oak cluster, and Acer saccharum dominated the small diameter class in the sugar maple cluster. For regenerated patches, introduced species--A. platanoides and R. cathartica--dominated the small diameter class in the Norway cluster, and a mixture of native and introduced species--A. negundo, R. cathartica, A. saccharum, and Rhus typhina--dominated the small diameter classes in the sugar maple and boxelder clusters. Functionally, land covers containing remnant and regenerated patches, such as vacant lots and greenspaces, had the highest net rate of carbon sequestration (848.7 mt/ha/yr). JF - Urban Ecosystems AU - Zipperer, Wayne C AD - USDA Forest Service, c/o SUNY-ESF, 5 Moon Library, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA, wzipperer@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 271 EP - 290 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 6 IS - 4 SN - 1083-8155, 1083-8155 KW - Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Acer saccharum KW - Rhamnus cathartica KW - Ecosystems KW - Forests KW - introduced species KW - Carbon sequestration KW - Carbon KW - Saccharum KW - Species composition KW - disturbance KW - Landscape KW - USA, New York KW - Rhus KW - Disturbance KW - Norway KW - Introduced species KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - ENA 05:Environmental Design & Urban Ecology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860372053?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Urban+Ecosystems&rft.atitle=Species+composition+and+structure+of+regenerated+and+remnant+forest+patches+within+an+urban+landscape&rft.au=Zipperer%2C+Wayne+C&rft.aulast=Zipperer&rft.aufirst=Wayne&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Urban+Ecosystems&rft.issn=10838155&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3AUECO.0000004827.12561.d4 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carbon; Landscape; Forests; Species composition; Disturbance; Introduced species; Carbon sequestration; disturbance; Ecosystems; introduced species; Rhamnus cathartica; Acer saccharum; Saccharum; Rhus; Norway; USA, New York DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:UECO.0000004827.12561.d4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Silicon deprivation decreases collagen formation in wounds and bone, and ornithine transaminase enzyme activity in liver AN - 856759871; 13855791 AB - We have shown that silicon (Si) deprivation decreases the collagen concentration in bone of 9-wk-old rats. Finding that Si deprivation also affects collagen at different stages in bone development, collagen-forming enzymes, or collagen deposition in other tissues would have implications that Si is important for both wound healing and bone formation. Therefore, 42 rats in experiment 1 and 24 rats in experiment 2 were fed a basal diet containing 2 or 2.6 kg Si/g, respectively, based on ground corn and casein, and supplemented with either 0 or 10 kg Si/g as sodium metasilicate. At 3 wk, the femur was removed from 18 of the 42 rats in experiment 1 for hydroxyproline analysis. A polyvinyl sponge was implanted beneath the skin of the upper back of each of the 24 remaining rats. Sixteen hours before termination and 2 wk after the sponge had been implanted, each rat was given an oral dose of super(14)C-proline (1.8 kCi/100 g body wt). The total amount of hydroxyproline was significantly lower in the tibia and sponges taken from Si-deficient animals than Si-supplemented rats. The disintegrations per minute of super(14)C-proline were significantly higher in sponge extracts from Si-deficient rats than Si-supplemented rats. Additional evidence of aberrations in proline metabolism with Si deprivation was that liver ornithine aminotransferase was significantly decreased in Si-deprived animals in experiment 2. Findings of an increased accumulation of super(14)C-proline and decreased total hydroxyproline in implanted sponges and decreased activity of a key enzyme in proline synthesis (liver ornithine aminotransferase) in Si-deprived animals indicates an aberration in the formation of collagen from proline in sites other than bone that is corrected by Si. This suggests that Si is a nutrient of concern in wound healing as well as bone formation. JF - Biological Trace Element Research AU - Seaborn, C D AU - Nielsen, F H AD - USDA, ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, P.O. Box 9034, 58202-9034, Grand Forks, ND Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 251 EP - 261 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 89 IS - 3 SN - 0163-4984, 0163-4984 KW - Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Bone KW - Liver KW - Collagen KW - T:2025 KW - SW 0540:Properties of water UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856759871?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+Trace+Element+Research&rft.atitle=Silicon+deprivation+decreases+collagen+formation+in+wounds+and+bone%2C+and+ornithine+transaminase+enzyme+activity+in+liver&rft.au=Seaborn%2C+C+D%3BNielsen%2C+F+H&rft.aulast=Seaborn&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=251&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+Trace+Element+Research&rft.issn=01634984&rft_id=info:doi/10.1385%2FBTER%3A89%3A3%3A251 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Collagen; Liver DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/BTER:89:3:251 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - PCR-Based methods for identification ofEnterococcus species AN - 807274620; 13834429 AB - Two DNA-based techniques were used for species identification of enterococci.PvuII digestion of the genus-specific PCR product yielded four different restriction profiles among 20 enterococcal species; one of them was species-specific forE. faecium. In the second case, 32 reference strains belonging to 20 enterococcal species were divided to 12 groups by amplification of internal transcribed spacer of rRNA operon. Interspecies and some intraspecies profile variability was determined. Both methods gave similar results. JF - Folia Microbiologica AU - Drahovska, H AU - Kocincova, D AU - Seman, M AU - Turna, J AD - Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia, Drahovska@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 649 EP - 653 PB - Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Videnska 1083 Prague 14220 Czech Republic VL - 47 IS - 6 SN - 0015-5632, 0015-5632 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - rRNA KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Spacer KW - Operons KW - J 02310:Genetics & Taxonomy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/807274620?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Folia+Microbiologica&rft.atitle=PCR-Based+methods+for+identification+ofEnterococcus+species&rft.au=Drahovska%2C+H%3BKocincova%2C+D%3BSeman%2C+M%3BTurna%2C+J&rft.aulast=Drahovska&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=649&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Folia+Microbiologica&rft.issn=00155632&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02818665 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - rRNA; Polymerase chain reaction; Spacer; Operons DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02818665 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field evaluation of different insecticide use strategies as resistance management and control tactics for Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). AN - 72944714; 17598296 AB - Various insecticide use strategies including rotations, sequential use, and mixtures were evaluated experimentally on Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in California and Arizona (U.S.A.) cotton fields. Toxicological responses of adult B. tabaci were measured along with preimaginal densities and cotton yields from plots subjected to different insecticide regimens. Weekly monitoring for susceptibility changes over ten consecutive weeks in four different trials failed to detect significant differences between sequential use and rotation regimens, nor in comparison to the control plots. There were, however, significant differences among study-site locations and between study years as well as significant within-season time effects. Relative infestations in insecticide-treated plots expressed as a percentage of preimaginal densities in control plots indicated that better control was obtained by all insecticide treatments in conjunction with higher susceptibility levels observed in the second year. Lower preimaginal densities of B. tabaci were measured in the rotation treatment in comparison to sequential treatments of endosulfan, chlorpyrifos, or amitraz, but all were less effective than sequential treatments of bifenthrin or the mixture of bifenthrin + endosulfan. Cotton lint yields were inversely related to B. tabaci densities, with highest yields in the bifenthrin and mixture plots and lowest yields in the control plots. Suppression of B. tabaci infestations in insecticide-treated plots relative to untreated control plots also improved under conditions of lower B. tabaci pressure. The increases in cotton yield and susceptibility to insecticides seen in the current study support the trend observed in the southwestern USA of improved management of B. tabaci despite continuing intensive use of insecticides. JF - Bulletin of entomological research AU - Castle, S J AU - Toscano, N C AU - Prabhaker, N AU - Henneberry, T J AU - Palumbo, J C AD - Western Cotton Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 4135 East Broadway Road, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA. scastle@wcrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 449 EP - 460 VL - 92 IS - 6 SN - 0007-4853, 0007-4853 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Pyrethrins KW - Toluidines KW - amitraz KW - 33IAH5017S KW - bifenthrin KW - 6B66JED0KN KW - Chlorpyrifos KW - JCS58I644W KW - Endosulfan KW - OKA6A6ZD4K KW - Index Medicus KW - California KW - Animals KW - Agriculture -- methods KW - Insecticide Resistance KW - Chlorpyrifos -- toxicity KW - Pyrethrins -- toxicity KW - Gossypium -- growth & development KW - Population Density KW - Seasons KW - Arizona KW - Endosulfan -- toxicity KW - Larva -- drug effects KW - Toluidines -- toxicity KW - Insecticides -- toxicity KW - Hemiptera -- drug effects KW - Insect Control -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72944714?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+entomological+research&rft.atitle=Field+evaluation+of+different+insecticide+use+strategies+as+resistance+management+and+control+tactics+for+Bemisia+tabaci+%28Hemiptera%3A+Aleyrodidae%29.&rft.au=Castle%2C+S+J%3BToscano%2C+N+C%3BPrabhaker%2C+N%3BHenneberry%2C+T+J%3BPalumbo%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Castle&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=449&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+entomological+research&rft.issn=00074853&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2008-01-24 N1 - Date created - 2007-06-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Efficacy of ethiprole applied alone and in combination with conventional insecticides for protection of stored wheat and stored corn. AN - 72829811; 12539848 AB - The insecticidal pyrazole ethiprole, applied at rates of 7.5 and 10.0 ppm either alone or in combination treatments with deltamethrin, piperonyl butoxide, and chlorpyrifos-methyl, was evaluated as a protectant of stored wheat and stored corn. The commodities were treated with six treatment combinations, including an untreated control, and held for 6 mo at 22, 27, or 32 degrees C and 57% RH. Bioassays were conducted monthly by exposing the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), and the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), on treated wheat and the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky), and the red flour beetle on treated corn. The storage temperature of wheat did not significantly affect mortality of exposed insects (P > or = 0.05). All rice weevils were dead after 1 wk in all treatments, and no F1 adults were produced. Mortality of red flour beetles was not dependent on either chemical treatment or bioassay month, and no F1 adults were produced. The storage temperature of corn did not significantly affect mortality of exposed insects (P > or = 0.05). Mortality of maize weevils varied from 77.9 to 100% in all chemical treatments, and no F1 adults were produced. Mortality of red flour beetles was also variable among treatments and bioassay month and no F1 adults were produced. This is the first published report of a study in which pyrazoles have been evaluated against stored-grain insects. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Arthur, Frank H AD - USDA-ARS Grain Marketing and Production Research Center, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA. arthur@gmprc.ksu.edu Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 1314 EP - 1318 VL - 95 IS - 6 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Pyrazoles KW - ethiprole KW - 5527E53JNB KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Tribolium KW - Beetles KW - Pyrazoles -- administration & dosage KW - Triticum KW - Zea mays KW - Insecticides -- administration & dosage KW - Food Preservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72829811?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+ethiprole+applied+alone+and+in+combination+with+conventional+insecticides+for+protection+of+stored+wheat+and+stored+corn.&rft.au=Arthur%2C+Frank+H&rft.aulast=Arthur&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1314&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-18 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative inhibition kinetics for acetylcholinesterases extracted from organophosphate resistant and susceptible strains of Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). AN - 72827349; 12539837 AB - In this study, acetylcholinesterases (AChEs) were extracted from two Mexican Boophilus microplus strains that demonstrated resistance to the organophosphate (OP) acaricide, coumaphos, in bioassay. The rate of inhibition of the extracted AChEs by the diethyl-OP paraoxon was determined for two resistant strains and two susceptible strains of B. microplus. The time to inhibition of 50% AChE activity was approximately two-fold greater for the resistant strains. Kinetic analysis of the interaction of the resistant AChEs with paraoxon revealed reduced bimolecular reaction constants (ki). Apparent conformational changes in the AChE of the resistant strains were reflected in reduced Km and Vmax values. The bimolecular reaction constants (ki) of the resistant strains were most affected by a slower rate of enzyme phosphorylation (k2). JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Pruett, John H AD - Knipling-Bushland US Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS-SPA, Kerrville, TX 78028, USA. jhptlab@ktc.com Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 1239 EP - 1244 VL - 95 IS - 6 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Cholinesterase Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Organothiophosphorus Compounds KW - Acetylcholinesterase KW - EC 3.1.1.7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Kinetics KW - Cholinesterase Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Ixodidae -- enzymology KW - Insecticide Resistance KW - Acetylcholinesterase -- metabolism KW - Insecticides -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72827349?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Comparative+inhibition+kinetics+for+acetylcholinesterases+extracted+from+organophosphate+resistant+and+susceptible+strains+of+Boophilus+microplus+%28Acari%3A+Ixodidae%29.&rft.au=Pruett%2C+John+H&rft.aulast=Pruett&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1239&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-18 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Susceptibility of Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) to methyl bromide. AN - 72825382; 12539827 AB - Eggs, crawlers, early nymphs, late nymphs, and adults of the pink hibiscus mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green), were tested for their susceptibility to methyl bromide in 2-h laboratory fumigations at ambient conditions (25 degrees C, 95% RH). Dose-response tests indicated that the egg was the most susceptible life stage with an LC99 of 20.2 mg/liter. Based on probit analysis of dose-response data, no significant differences were observed among susceptibilities of the crawler, early stage or late stage nymphs, or adults at either the LC50 or LC99 level, but late stage nymphs were more tolerant than early stage nymphs in a separate paired comparison test. Confirmatory tests showed that a dose of 48 mg/liter methyl bromide, the USDA-Animal Plant Health Inspection Service treatment dose schedule for mealybugs at 21-26 degrees C, produced 100% mortality of all life stages. On the basis of these results, we conclude that the methyl bromide treatment schedule for mealybugs will provide quarantine security for M. hirsutus infesting commodities for export or import. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Zettler, J Larry AU - Follett, Peter A AU - Gill, Richard F AD - USDA-ARS, Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, CA 93648, USA. lzettler@fresno.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 1169 EP - 1173 VL - 95 IS - 6 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Hydrocarbons, Brominated KW - 0 KW - methyl bromide KW - 9V42E1Z7B6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Ovum -- drug effects KW - Hemiptera -- drug effects KW - Hydrocarbons, Brominated -- administration & dosage KW - Hemiptera -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72825382?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Susceptibility+of+Maconellicoccus+hirsutus+%28Homoptera%3A+Pseudococcidae%29+to+methyl+bromide.&rft.au=Zettler%2C+J+Larry%3BFollett%2C+Peter+A%3BGill%2C+Richard+F&rft.aulast=Zettler&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1169&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-18 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of high temperature and disinfectants on the viability of Sarcocystis neurona sporocysts. AN - 72822910; 12537123 AB - The effect of moist heat and several disinfectants on Sarcocystis neurona sporocysts was investigated. Sporocysts (4 million) were suspended in water and heated to 50, 55, 60, 65, and 70 C for various times and were then bioassayed in interferon gamma gene knockout (KO) mice. Sporocysts heated to 50 C for 60 min and 55 C for 5 min were infective to KO mice, whereas sporocysts heated to 55 C for 15 min and 60 C or more for 1 min were rendered noninfective to mice. Treatment with bleach (10, 20, and 100%), 2% chlorhexidine, 1% betadine, 5% o-benzyl-p-chlorophenol, 12.56% phenol, 6% benzyl ammonium chloride, and 10% formalin was not effective in killing sporocysts. Treatment with undiluted ammonium hydroxide (29.5% ammonia) for 1 hr killed sporocysts, but treatment with a 10-fold dilution (2.95% ammonia) for 6 hr did not kill sporocysts. These data indicate that heat treatment is the most effective means of killing S. neurona sporocysts in the horse feed or in the environment. JF - The Journal of parasitology AU - Dubey, J P AU - Saville, W J AU - Sreekumar, C AU - Shen, S K AU - Lindsay, O S AU - Pena, H F AU - Vianna, M C AU - Gennari, S M AU - Reed, S M AD - Parasite Biology, Epidemiology and Systematics Laboratory, Building 1001, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, USA. jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 1252 EP - 1254 VL - 88 IS - 6 SN - 0022-3395, 0022-3395 KW - Disinfectants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Animals KW - Animal Feed -- parasitology KW - Sarcocystosis -- prevention & control KW - Horse Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Horses KW - Mice KW - Raccoons KW - Sarcocystosis -- veterinary KW - Opossums KW - Mice, Knockout KW - Hot Temperature KW - Sarcocystis -- drug effects KW - Disinfection -- methods KW - Sarcocystis -- physiology KW - Disinfectants -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72822910?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+parasitology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+high+temperature+and+disinfectants+on+the+viability+of+Sarcocystis+neurona+sporocysts.&rft.au=Dubey%2C+J+P%3BSaville%2C+W+J%3BSreekumar%2C+C%3BShen%2C+S+K%3BLindsay%2C+O+S%3BPena%2C+H+F%3BVianna%2C+M+C%3BGennari%2C+S+M%3BReed%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Dubey&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1252&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+parasitology&rft.issn=00223395&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-28 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of vacuum-steam-vacuum and ionizing radiation to eliminate Listeria innocua from ham. AN - 72795795; 12495020 AB - Listeria spp. are a frequent postprocess contaminant of ready-to-eat (RTE) meat products, including ham. Vacuum-steam-vacuum (VSV) technology has been used successfully to eliminate Listeria innocua from hot dogs. Ionizing radiation can eliminate Listeria spp. from RTE meats. However, the excessive application of either technology can cause changes in product quality, including structural changes, changes in cure color (redness), and lipid oxidation. In this study, two cycles of VSV were combined with 2.0 kGy of ionizing radiation to obtain 4.40- and 4.85-log10 reductions of L. innocua on ham meat and skin, respectively. The use of both treatments resulted in an additive, as opposed to synergistic, reduction of L. innocua on ham. The combination treatment did not cause statistically significant changes in product structure, color (redness), or lipid oxidation. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Sommers, Christopher AU - Kozempel, Michael AU - Fan, Xuetong AU - Radewonuk, E Richard AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Food Safety Intervention Technologies Research Unit, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. csommers@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 1981 EP - 1983 VL - 65 IS - 12 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Humans KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Consumer Behavior KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Meat Products -- standards KW - Meat Products -- microbiology KW - Vacuum KW - Food Preservation -- methods KW - Listeria -- growth & development KW - Radiation, Ionizing KW - Listeria -- radiation effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72795795?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Use+of+vacuum-steam-vacuum+and+ionizing+radiation+to+eliminate+Listeria+innocua+from+ham.&rft.au=Sommers%2C+Christopher%3BKozempel%2C+Michael%3BFan%2C+Xuetong%3BRadewonuk%2C+E+Richard&rft.aulast=Sommers&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1981&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-25 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Composition and physiological profiling of sprout-associated microbial communities. AN - 72795749; 12495008 AB - The native microfloras of various types of sprouts (alfalfa, clover, sunflower, mung bean, and broccoli sprouts) were examined to assess the relative effects of sprout type and inoculum factors (i.e., sprout-growing facility, seed lot, and inoculation with sprout-derived inocula) on the microbial community structure of sprouts. Sprouts were sonicated for 7 min or hand shaken with glass beads for 2 min to recover native microfloras from the surface, and the resulting suspensions were diluted and plated. The culturable fraction was characterized by the density (log CFU/g), richness (e.g., number of types of bacteria), and diversity (e.g., microbial richness and evenness) of colonies on tryptic soy agar plates incubated for 48 h at 30 degrees C. The relative similarity between sprout-associated microbial communities was assessed with the use of community-level physiological profiles (CLPPs) based on patterns of utilization of 95 separate carbon sources. Aerobic plate counts of 7.96 +/- 0.91 log CFU/g of sprout tissue (fresh weight) were observed, with no statistically significant differences in microbial cell density, richness, or diversity due to sprout type, sprout-growing facility, or seed lot. CLPP analyses revealed that the microbial communities associated with alfalfa and clover sprouts are more similar than those associated with the other sprout types tested. Variability among sprout types was more extensive than any differences between microbial communities associated with alfalfa and clover sprouts from different sprout-growing facilities and seed lots. These results indicate that the subsequent testing of biocontrol agents should focus on similar organisms for alfalfa and clover, but alternative types may be most suitable for the other sprout types tested. The inoculation of alfalfa sprouts with communities derived from various sprout types had a significant, source-independent effect on microbial community structure, indicating that the process of inoculation alters the dynamics of community development regardless of the types of organisms involved. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Matos, Anabelle AU - Garland, Jay L AU - Fett, William F AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. amatos@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 1903 EP - 1908 VL - 65 IS - 12 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Space life sciences KW - NASA Center KSC KW - NASA Discipline Life Support Systems KW - Medicago -- microbiology KW - Humans KW - Helianthus -- microbiology KW - Food Contamination KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Brassica -- microbiology KW - Fabaceae -- microbiology KW - Medicago sativa -- microbiology KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Food Microbiology KW - Salmonella -- growth & development KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72795749?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Composition+and+physiological+profiling+of+sprout-associated+microbial+communities.&rft.au=Matos%2C+Anabelle%3BGarland%2C+Jay+L%3BFett%2C+William+F&rft.aulast=Matos&rft.aufirst=Anabelle&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1903&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-25 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - No effect of soybean lipoxygenase on aflatoxin production in Aspergillus flavus-inoculated seeds. AN - 72794879; 12495021 AB - Soybean lines lacking lipoxygenase (LOX) activity were compared with soybean lines having LOX activity for the ability to support growth and aflatoxin B1 production by the fungal seed pathogen Aspergillus flavus. Whole seeds, broken seeds, and heat-treated (autoclaved) whole seeds were compared. Broken seeds, irrespective of LOX presence, supported excellent fungal growth and the highest aflatoxin levels. Autoclaved whole seeds, with or without LOX, produced good fungal growth and aflatoxin levels approaching those of broken seeds. Whole soybean seeds supported sparse fungal growth and relatively low aflatoxin levels. There was no significant difference in aflatoxin production between whole soybean seeds either with or without LOX, although there did seem to be differences among the cultivars tested. The heat treatment eliminated LOX activity (in LOX+ lines), yet aflatoxin levels did not change substantially from the broken seed treatment. Broken soybean seeds possessed LOX activity (in LOX+ lines) and yet yielded the highest aflatoxin levels. The presence of active LOX did not seem to play the determinant role in the susceptibility of soybean seeds to fungal pathogens. Seed coat integrity and seed viability seem to be more important characteristics in soybean seed resistance to aflatoxin contamination. Soybean seeds lacking LOX seem safe from the threat of increased seed pathogen susceptibility. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Mellon, J K AU - Cotty, P J AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, P.O. Box 19687, New Orleans, Louisiana 70179, USA. jmellon@srrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 1984 EP - 1987 VL - 65 IS - 12 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Lipoxygenase KW - EC 1.13.11.12 KW - Index Medicus KW - Hot Temperature KW - Food Microbiology KW - Food Contamination KW - Aflatoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Lipoxygenase -- metabolism KW - Aspergillus flavus -- growth & development KW - Soybeans -- enzymology KW - Seeds -- microbiology KW - Aspergillus flavus -- metabolism KW - Lipoxygenase -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72794879?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=No+effect+of+soybean+lipoxygenase+on+aflatoxin+production+in+Aspergillus+flavus-inoculated+seeds.&rft.au=Mellon%2C+J+K%3BCotty%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Mellon&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1984&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-25 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution patterns of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground beef produced by a laboratory-scale grinder. AN - 72794683; 12495007 AB - This study determined the distribution patterns of Escherichia coli O157:1H7 in ground beef when a contaminated beef trim was introduced into a batch of uncontaminated beef trims prior to grinding in a small-scale laboratory grinder. A beef trim (15.3 +/- 2 g) was inoculated with a rifampicin-resistant strain of E. coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7rif) and introduced into a stream of noncontaminated beef (322 +/- 33 g) prior to grinding. Seven inoculum levels (6, 5, and 4 total log CFU [high]; and 3, 2, 1, and 0 total log CFU [low]) were studied in triplicate. E. coli O157:H7rif was not detected in 3.1 to 43% of the ground beef inoculated with the high levels or in 3.4 to 96.9% of the ground beef inoculated with the low levels. For all inoculum levels studied, the five ground beef fractions (each 7.8 +/- 0.6 g) with the highest pathogen levels accounted for 59 to 100% of the total pathogens detected. For all inoculum levels, there was a linear relationship between the quantity of ground beef containing E. coli O157:H7rif and the inoculum level. The quantity of E. coli O157:H7rif in the beef remaining in the grinder was proportional to the inoculum level and was related to the location in the grinder. Different components of the grinder accumulated E. coli O157:H7rif in different quantities, with the most significant accumulation being in the nut (collar) that attaches the die to the blade. This study determined specific distribution patterns of E. coli O157:H7rif after the grinding of a contaminated beef trim along with uncontaminated trims, and the results indicate that the grinding operation should be regarded as a means of distribution of microbial contamination in risk analyses of ground beef operations. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Flores, Rolando A AU - Tamplin, Mark L AD - Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. rflores@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 1894 EP - 1902 VL - 65 IS - 12 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Food Microbiology KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Equipment Contamination KW - Meat Products -- microbiology KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- isolation & purification KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Food Contamination -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72794683?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Distribution+patterns+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+in+ground+beef+produced+by+a+laboratory-scale+grinder.&rft.au=Flores%2C+Rolando+A%3BTamplin%2C+Mark+L&rft.aulast=Flores&rft.aufirst=Rolando&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1894&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-25 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The identification of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene AYT1(ORF-YLL063c) encoding an acetyltransferase. AN - 72768329; 12478589 AB - The recent isolation and characterization of Tri101 in Fusarium sporotrichioides has led to the functional identification of the yeast open reading frame (ORF) YLL063c, located on chromosome XII of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The sequence of YLL063c predicts a protein of 474 residues that has 45% identity and 70% similarity to FsTri101. FsTri101 encodes a trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase that functions in trichothecene biosynthesis. Feeding studies indicated low levels of C3-OH acetylation in cultures of the laboratory yeast strain, RW2802. No similar activity was found in RW2802 transformed with an integrative plasmid carrying a disrupted YLL063c gene. Based on these results, which show structural and functional similarities between YLL063c and FsTri101, we propose that YLL063c encodes an acetyltransferase capable of trichothecene 3-O-acetylation and have named this gene AYT1. Published in 2002 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. JF - Yeast (Chichester, England) AU - Alexander, Nancy J AU - McCormick, Susan P AU - Hohn, Thomas M AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. alexannj@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 1425 EP - 1430 VL - 19 IS - 16 SN - 0749-503X, 0749-503X KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins KW - 0 KW - Trichothecenes KW - Acetyltransferases KW - EC 2.3.1.- KW - trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase KW - Index Medicus KW - Open Reading Frames KW - Trichothecenes -- metabolism KW - Sequence Homology KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- genetics KW - Genes, Fungal KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins -- genetics KW - Acetyltransferases -- metabolism KW - Acetyltransferases -- genetics KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- enzymology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72768329?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yeast+%28Chichester%2C+England%29&rft.atitle=The+identification+of+the+Saccharomyces+cerevisiae+gene+AYT1%28ORF-YLL063c%29+encoding+an+acetyltransferase.&rft.au=Alexander%2C+Nancy+J%3BMcCormick%2C+Susan+P%3BHohn%2C+Thomas+M&rft.aulast=Alexander&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=1425&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Yeast+%28Chichester%2C+England%29&rft.issn=0749503X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-21 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immobilized lipase-catalysed production of alkyl esters of restaurant grease as biodiesel. AN - 72718046; 12452801 AB - Simple alkyl ester derivatives of restaurant grease were prepared using immobilized lipases as biocatalysts. The lipases studied included those of Thermomyces lanuginosa and Candida antarctica supported on granulated silica (gran- T.l. and gran- C.a., respectively), C. antarctica supported on a macroporous acrylic resin (SP435) and Pseudomonas cepacia immobilized within a phyllosilicate sol-gel matrix (IM PS-30). All alcoholysis reactions were carried out in solvent-free media employing a one-step addition of the alcohol to the reaction system. Of the lipases studied, IM PS-30 was found to be the most effective in catalysing the methanolysis and ethanolysis of grease. The processes catalysed by gran- T.l. and gran- C.a. lipases gave poor conversions to esters, and the SP435-catalysed reactions gave intermediate yields of ethyl and methyl esters. Water activity (a(w)) was an important factor in the methanolysis reactions; reaction media with a(w)<0.5 resulted in the highest conversions to methyl esters. Molecular sieves also improved methyl ester yields by as much as 20% in transesterification reactions catalysed by IM PS-30. The immobilized lipases also were evaluated for their ability to produce alkyl esters of grease with several additional normal and branched-chain alcohols. JF - Biotechnology and applied biochemistry AU - Hsu, An-Fei AU - Jones, Kerby AU - Foglia, Thomas A AU - Marmer, William N AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA. ahsu@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 181 EP - 186 VL - 36 SN - 0885-4513, 0885-4513 KW - Dietary Fats KW - 0 KW - Enzymes, Immobilized KW - Esters KW - Gasoline KW - Membranes, Artificial KW - Plant Oils KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - Lipase KW - EC 3.1.1.3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Enzyme Activation KW - Restaurants KW - Candida -- enzymology KW - Burkholderia cepacia -- enzymology KW - Esterification KW - Ascomycota -- enzymology KW - Enzyme Stability KW - Waste Disposal, Fluid -- methods KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Ethanol -- chemistry KW - Species Specificity KW - Catalysis KW - Lipase -- chemistry KW - Plant Oils -- chemistry KW - Enzymes, Immobilized -- metabolism KW - Enzymes, Immobilized -- chemistry KW - Lipase -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72718046?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+and+applied+biochemistry&rft.atitle=Immobilized+lipase-catalysed+production+of+alkyl+esters+of+restaurant+grease+as+biodiesel.&rft.au=Hsu%2C+An-Fei%3BJones%2C+Kerby%3BFoglia%2C+Thomas+A%3BMarmer%2C+William+N&rft.aulast=Hsu&rft.aufirst=An-Fei&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+and+applied+biochemistry&rft.issn=08854513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-06 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of hydrocarbon spills on the temperature and moisture regimes of Cryosols in the Ross Sea region AN - 51551427; 2006-067868 AB - Hydrocarbon spills have occurred on Antarctic soils where fuel oils are utilized, moved or stored. We investigated the effects of hydrocarbon spills on soil temperature and moisture regimes by comparing the properties of existing oil contaminated sites with those of nearby, uncontaminated, control sites at Scott Base, the old Marble Point camp, and Bull Pass in the Wright Valley. Hydrocarbon levels were elevated in fuel-contaminated samples. Climate stations were installed at all three locations in both contaminated and control sites. In summer at Scott Base and Marble Point the mean weekly maximum near surface (2 cm and 5 cm depth) soil temperatures were warmer (P<0.05), sometimes by more than 10 degrees C, at the contaminated site than the control sites. At Bull Pass there were no statistically significant differences in near-surface soil temperatures between contaminated and control soils. At the Scott Base and Marble Point sites soil albedo was lower, and hydrophobicity was higher, in the contaminated soils than the controls. The higher temperatures at the Scott Base and Marble Point hydrocarbon contaminated sites are attributed to the decreased surface albedo due to soil surface darkening by hydrocarbons. There were no noteworthy differences in moisture retention between contaminated and control sites. JF - Antarctic Science AU - Balks, Megan R AU - Paetzold, Ron F AU - Kimble, John M AU - Aislabie, Jackie AU - Campbell, Iain B Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 319 EP - 326 PB - Cambridge University Press, Cambridge VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 0954-1020, 0954-1020 KW - soils KW - Southern Ocean KW - permafrost KW - Scott Base KW - pollutants KW - human activity KW - pollution KW - organic compounds KW - Antarctica KW - Ross Sea KW - oil spills KW - McMurdo dry valleys KW - hydrocarbons KW - Victoria Land KW - Wright Valley KW - logistics KW - Cryosols KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51551427?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+in+clinical+care+%3A+an+official+publication+of+Tufts+University&rft.atitle=Vitamin+C+function+and+status+in+chronic+disease.&rft.au=Jacob%2C+Robert+A%3BSotoudeh%2C+Gity&rft.aulast=Jacob&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=66&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrition+in+clinical+care+%3A+an+official+publication+of+Tufts+University&rft.issn=10966781&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://journals.cambridge.org/bin/bladerunner?30REQEVENT=&REQAUTH=0&500002REQSUB=&REQSTR1=AntarcticScience LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 28 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Antarctica; Cryosols; human activity; hydrocarbons; logistics; McMurdo dry valleys; oil spills; organic compounds; permafrost; pollutants; pollution; Ross Sea; Scott Base; soils; Southern Ocean; Victoria Land; Wright Valley DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954102002000135 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nonchemical management of soilborne pests in fresh market vegetable production systems AN - 20184646; 5549500 AB - Nonchemical methods including host resistance, organic amendments, crop rotation, soil solarization, and cultural practices have been used to control soilborne pests in fresh market vegetable production systems. Their suitability as alternatives to methyl bromide will depend on the approach to pest management used by the grower. Traditionally, methyl bromide is used in production systems that rely on the single application of a broad-spectrum biocide to disinfest soils prior to planting. Non-chemical methods are not suitable for a single tactic approach to pest management because they do not provide the same broad spectrum of activity or consistency as fumigation with methyl bromide. Nonchemical methods are compatible with an integrated pest management (IPM) approach, where multiple tactics are used to maintain damage from pests below an economic threshold while minimizing the impact to beneficial organisms. However, adoption of IPM is hindered by the paucity of economically feasible sampling programs and thresholds for soilborne pests and by a reluctance of growers to commit additional resources to the collection and management of biological information. A novel approach to the management of soilborne pests is to design the crop production system to avoid pest outbreaks. Using this 'proactive' approach, a tomato production system was developed using strip-tillage into existing bahiagrass pasture. By minimizing inputs and disruption to the pasture, growers were able to reap the rotational benefits of bahiagrass without cultivating the rotational crop. While minimizing the need for interventive procedures, a proactive approach is difficult to integrate into existing crop production systems and will require several years of testing and validation. JF - Phytopathology AU - Chellemi, DO AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, 2001 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA, dchellemi@ushrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 1367 EP - 1372 VL - 92 IS - 12 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Vegetables KW - Adoption KW - crop production KW - Pasture KW - Fumigation KW - Crops KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - Soil KW - Planting KW - Economics KW - Sampling KW - Methyl bromide KW - Pests KW - Biocides KW - integrated pest management KW - crop rotation KW - pest outbreaks KW - planting KW - Pest control KW - Pest outbreaks KW - Crop rotation KW - Crop production systems KW - culture KW - A 01360:Plant Diseases KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20184646?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Nonchemical+management+of+soilborne+pests+in+fresh+market+vegetable+production+systems&rft.au=Chellemi%2C+DO&rft.aulast=Chellemi&rft.aufirst=DO&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1367&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vegetables; Pest control; Adoption; Pest outbreaks; Pasture; Crops; Fumigation; Soil; Crop rotation; Crop production systems; Planting; Economics; Biocides; Pests; Methyl bromide; Sampling; crop rotation; pest outbreaks; planting; crop production; culture; integrated pest management; Lycopersicon esculentum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling phosphorus transport in agricultural watersheds: Processes and possibilities AN - 20151515; 5561356 AB - Modeling phosphorus (P) loss from agricultural watersheds is key to quantifying the long term water quality benefits of alternative best management practices. Scientists engaged in this endeavor struggle to represent processes controlling P transport at scales and time frames that are meaningful to farmers, resource managers, and policy makers. To help overcome these challenges, we reviewed salient issues facing scientists that model P transport, providing a conceptual framework from which process-based P transport models might be evaluated. Recent advances in quantifying the release of soil P to overland and subsurface flow show that extraction coefficients relating soil and flow P are variable but can be represented as a function of land cover or erosion. Existing information on best management effects on P export should be linked to watershed models to better represent changes in P transport. The main needs of P transport models are inclusion of flexible coefficients relating soil and overland flow P, fertilizer and manure management and P loss, stream channel effects on edge-of-field P losses prior to water body input, and linkage of watershed and water-body response models. However, it is essential that the most appropriate model be carefully selected, according to a user's needs in terms of available input data, level of predictive accuracy, and scale of simulation being considered. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Sharpley, AN AU - Kleinman, PJA AU - McDowell, R W AU - Gitau, M AU - Bryant, R B AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit in University Park, Pennsylvania, USA Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 425 EP - 439 VL - 57 IS - 6 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Pollution Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - water quality KW - Phosphorus in soil KW - Resource management KW - Manure KW - Agricultural Watersheds KW - Phosphorus KW - Freshwater KW - Decision Making KW - Phosphorus in surface waters KW - Watersheds KW - Soil KW - Fertilizers KW - best practices KW - Soils KW - Fertilizer effects KW - exports KW - Water Quality KW - Best Management Practices KW - Model Studies KW - Channels KW - Water management KW - Stream KW - Agricultural Practices KW - Runoff KW - Agriculture KW - Prediction KW - water bodies KW - Streams KW - River basin management KW - Hydrologic models KW - Animal wastes KW - Simulation KW - Agrochemicals KW - Watershed chemistry KW - Erosion KW - Reviews KW - Cultivated Lands KW - AQ 00006:Sewage KW - M2 556:General (556) KW - Q2 09123:Conservation KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - M2 556.11:Water properties (556.11) KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20151515?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Modeling+phosphorus+transport+in+agricultural+watersheds%3A+Processes+and+possibilities&rft.au=Sharpley%2C+AN%3BKleinman%2C+PJA%3BMcDowell%2C+R+W%3BGitau%2C+M%3BBryant%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Sharpley&rft.aufirst=AN&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=425&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-05 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prediction; Resource management; Fertilizers; Water management; Stream; Soils; Simulation; Watersheds; River basin management; Agriculture; Erosion; Phosphorus in soil; Phosphorus in surface waters; Fertilizer effects; Watershed chemistry; Hydrologic models; water quality; exports; Manure; Animal wastes; water bodies; Phosphorus; Agrochemicals; Streams; Soil; Channels; best practices; Reviews; Agricultural Watersheds; Water Quality; Model Studies; Agricultural Practices; Best Management Practices; Cultivated Lands; Decision Making; Runoff; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of light, alien grass, and native species additions on Hawaiian dry forest restoration AN - 19702814; 5622811 AB - Alien species invasions have already caused substantial ecological and economic damage and will likely have even greater negative consequences in the future. Thus, it is imperative to improve our basic ecological understanding of these invasions and enhance our ability to reverse or mitigate their often devastating effects. Invasions by fire-promoting alien grasses have played a particularly important role in the destruction of tropical dry forests and are a major reason why these ecosystems are now among the most endangered in the world. We investigated how light availability (full sun and 50% shade), alien grass control (bulldoze, herbicide, plastic mulch, and trim treatments), and native species additions (outplanting and direct-seeding) affected the establishment of native plants and the suppression of a dominant invasive bunchgrass (fountain grass, Pennisetum setaceum) within a highly degraded fenced dry forest remnant on the island of Hawaii. The percent cover of native species increased in all light, grass control, and species addition treatments throughout the 20 mo of the experiment, and was greatest in the shade, bulldoze, and outplant treatments. Although fountain grass cover also increased over time in all grass control treatments, the three more aggressive techniques all significantly reduced grass cover relative to the more moderate trim treatment. In addition, there was a significant overall negative correlation between the final cover of fountain grass and native species, suggesting that these native species may successfully compete with fountain grass for water and/or nutrients. Outplant survival and the number of individuals established from direct-seeding differed significantly among the grass control treatments, and in each case, the response was highly species specific. Photosynthetic rates of established outplanted individuals and fountain grass did not differ significantly across most experimental environments, indicating that the local dominance of fountain grass may not be due to superior physiological attributes. The results of this experiment highlight the importance of investigating species- and treatment-specific responses before attempting larger-scale restoration projects, particularly when using rare and endangered species. This study also suggests that relatively simple techniques may be used to simultaneously establish populations of vigorous understory native species and suppress alien grasses at relatively large spatial scales, and that remnant or newly created favorable microsites may be exploited to facilitate the establishment of rarer native overstory species. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Cabin, R J AU - Weller, S G AU - Lorence, D H AU - Cordell, S AU - Hadway, L J AU - Montgomery, R AU - Goo, D AU - Urakami, A AD - USDA Forest Service, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, 23 East Kawili St., Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 1595 EP - 1610 PB - Ecological Society of America VL - 12 IS - 6 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - dominance KW - Ecosystems KW - Photosynthesis KW - mulches KW - Grasses KW - Physiology KW - exploitation KW - sun KW - dry forests KW - Islands KW - Economics KW - invasive species KW - Pennisetum setaceum KW - USA, Hawaii KW - Herbicides KW - Dry forests KW - Light effects KW - nutrients KW - Indigenous species KW - understory KW - Endangered species KW - Environmental restoration KW - survival KW - Introduced species KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19702814?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=Effects+of+light%2C+alien+grass%2C+and+native+species+additions+on+Hawaiian+dry+forest+restoration&rft.au=Cabin%2C+R+J%3BWeller%2C+S+G%3BLorence%2C+D+H%3BCordell%2C+S%3BHadway%2C+L+J%3BMontgomery%2C+R%3BGoo%2C+D%3BUrakami%2C+A&rft.aulast=Cabin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1595&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Indigenous species; Grasses; Environmental restoration; Introduced species; Dry forests; Light effects; dominance; mulches; Photosynthesis; Ecosystems; Physiology; Herbicides; exploitation; dry forests; sun; nutrients; Islands; Economics; invasive species; understory; Endangered species; survival; Pennisetum setaceum; USA, Hawaii ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrogen fate and transport in agricultural systems AN - 19643029; 5561353 AB - To sustain and maximize agricultural production in order to supply the nutritional needs of a continually growing world population, agricultural systems will need nitrogen (N) inputs. In its inert form as elemental dinitrogen (N sub(2)) gas in the atmosphere (78%), nitrogen does not impact environmental quality. But the extensive use of N in agricultural systems and the associated transformations of N into various ions or gaseous forms contribute to leaks from the N cycle. These N losses may contribute to the degradation of water, air, and soil in many regions of the world. When N is in its nitrate (NO sub(3)-) form, it is one of the most mobile ions in agricultural systems, and NO sub(3)- leaching is a primary source of the contamination in drinking water. Soil erosion that transports soil particles and N also contributes to surface water contamination. The gaseous transport of ammonia (NH sub(3)) from manures and the denitrification of NO sub(3)- and nitrite (NO sub(2)-) ions and their transformation into gaseous forms of N such as nitrous oxide (N sub(2)O) and nitric oxide (NO) can contribute to air quality and greenhouse warming impacts. Since N inputs are necessary for maintaining the viability of intensive agricultural systems, we must understand how management impacts the transformations, transport, and fate of N. The discussion of the transport and fate of N through agricultural systems must take into account the N cycle. Mitigation strategies that reduce the primary and secondary flows of N through the environment and that benefit farming and livestock operations must be developed. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Follett, R F AU - Delgado, JA AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Soil-Plant-Nutrient Research Unit in Fort Collins, Colorado, USA Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 402 EP - 407 VL - 57 IS - 6 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water Pollution KW - Land Management KW - Surface water KW - Environmental Quality KW - Agricultural production KW - Air quality KW - Particulates KW - Soil erosion KW - Nutrition KW - Soil KW - world population KW - mitigation KW - Drinking Water KW - Nitrous oxide KW - greenhouses KW - Ions KW - Animal wastes KW - Leaching KW - Nitrates KW - Global Warming KW - Livestock KW - Agricultural Practices KW - Environmental quality KW - Cultivated Lands KW - Drinking water KW - Nitrogen KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19643029?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Nitrogen+fate+and+transport+in+agricultural+systems&rft.au=Follett%2C+R+F%3BDelgado%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Follett&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=402&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ions; Leaching; Animal wastes; Nitrates; Surface water; Agricultural production; Air quality; Soil erosion; Particulates; Nutrition; Livestock; Soil; world population; mitigation; Nitrous oxide; greenhouses; Environmental quality; Drinking water; Nitrogen; Water Pollution; Drinking Water; Land Management; Environmental Quality; Agricultural Practices; Cultivated Lands; Global Warming ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydraulic Conductivity of Ohio's Glaciated Soil, Its Implications, and Suggestions for Future Studies AN - 18918934; 5645826 AB - Since 1999, hydraulic conductivity values in till have been measured by the laboratory standard test method ASTM D 5084 on undisturbed soil samples taken at depths between 3.0 m to 6.0 m (10 to 20 ft) in glacial till soils in western Ohio. Their rates on uncracked soil vary from 10 super(-6) cm/sec to 10 super(-9) cm/sec. Measurements made on till with cracks vary from 10 super(-5) cm/sec to 10 super(-8) cm/sec. Suggestions are made for future studies. JF - Ohio Journal of Science AU - Fisher, H H AD - USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service, Columbus, OH 43215, USA Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 106 EP - 109 VL - 102 IS - 5 SN - 0030-0950, 0030-0950 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Testing Procedures KW - Glacial Drift KW - Soil Properties KW - Soil Water KW - Soil Analysis KW - USA, Ohio KW - Permeability Coefficient KW - SW 6040:Soil mechanics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18918934?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+in+clinical+care+%3A+an+official+publication+of+Tufts+University&rft.atitle=An+update%3A+vitamin+E+supplementation+and+heart+disease.&rft.au=Blumberg%2C+Jeffrey+B&rft.aulast=Blumberg&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=50&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrition+in+clinical+care+%3A+an+official+publication+of+Tufts+University&rft.issn=10966781&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Testing Procedures; Glacial Drift; Soil Analysis; Soil Water; Soil Properties; Permeability Coefficient; USA, Ohio ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantifying the loss mechanisms of nitrogen AN - 18917747; 5561351 AB - Nitrogen (N) is a key factor in maintaining higher yield production and worldwide economic viability of agricultural systems. Since N is one of the most dynamic and mobile elements, its management is difficult, especially in irrigated systems where significant losses can be produced by leaching or denitrification. The major pathways for N loss are ammonia (NH sub(3)) volatilization; emissions of nitrous oxide (N sub(2)O), oxides of N (NO and NO sub(2)), and dinitrogen (N sub(2)) gases; leaching of nitrates (NO sub(3)); and off-site transport due to wind and water erosion of N tied in the organic matter and in the inorganic NO sub(3) and ammonium (NH sub(4)) compartments. Nitrogen is dynamic and mobile. Its fate and transport in agricultural systems is affected by management and unpredictable events. Its average worldwide N use efficiencies (NUEs) have been reported to be about 50% and even as low as 33% for cereals. Farmers usually apply a uniform rate of N to agricultural fields assuming that N sources, sinks, and mechanisms for loss are constant across fields. It is well documented that variability of soil properties that affect N sources makes managing N to maximize NUE difficult. Such variable soil properties include soil organic matter content, residual soil NO sub(3)-N, amount of crop residue returned to the surface soil, yield variability (N sink), and changes in soil chemical and physical properties. Fields vary from coarse gravelly areas where N losses are primarily attributed to NO sub(3)-leaching, to clayey areas where water is ponded and N losses may be primarily dominated by denitrification (N sub(2)/ N sub(2)O). Management is being established as the predominant factor that can reduce N losses in the environment. If we are to improve N management to increase NUE we will need to do it within the context of the N cycle accounting for N loss mechanisms and how to manage them. This paper will review how we can quantify these N losses. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Delgado, JA AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Soil Plant Nutrient Research Unit, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 389 EP - 398 VL - 57 IS - 6 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Land Management KW - Irrigation KW - Nutrients KW - Leaching of nitrogen KW - Nitrous oxide emissions KW - Erosion KW - Nitrogen budget KW - Nitrogen in soils KW - Cultivated Lands KW - Soil Properties KW - Soil Erosion KW - Nitrogen KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - M2 551.510.411:Surface and planetary boundary layer (PBL) (551.510.411) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18917747?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Quantifying+the+loss+mechanisms+of+nitrogen&rft.au=Delgado%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Delgado&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=389&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Erosion; Nitrous oxide emissions; Nitrogen budget; Nitrogen in soils; Irrigation; Leaching of nitrogen; Land Management; Nutrients; Soil Properties; Cultivated Lands; Soil Erosion; Nitrogen ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surface Soil Moisture Retrieval and Mapping Using High-Frequency Microwave Satellite Observations in the Southern Great Plains AN - 18910080; 5543414 AB - Studies have shown the advantages of low-frequency (<5 GHz) microwave sensors for soil moisture estimation. Although higher frequencies have limited soil moisture retrieval capabilities, there is a vast quantity of systematic global high-frequency microwave data that have been collected for 15 yr by the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I). SSM/I soil moisture studies have mostly utilized antecedent precipitation indices as validation, while only a few have employed limited ground observations, which were typically not optimal for this particular type of satellite data. In the Southern Great Plains (SGP) hydrology experiments conducted in 1997 and 1999, ground observations of soil moisture were made over an extended region for developing and validating large-scale mapping techniques. Previous studies have indicated the limitations of both the higher-frequency data and models for soil moisture retrieval. Given these limitations, an alternative retrieval technique that utilizes multipolarization observations was implemented and tested for the SGP region. A technique for extracting algorithm parameters from the observations was developed and tested. The algorithm was then used to produce soil moisture maps of the region for the two study periods. JF - Journal of Hydrometeorology AU - Jackson, T J AU - Hsu, A Y AU - O'Neill, P E AD - USDA-ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Lab, 104 Building 007, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, tjackson@hydrolab.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 688 EP - 699 PB - American Meteorological Society VL - 3 IS - 6 SN - 1525-755X, 1525-755X KW - USA, Great Plains KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - M2 551.501:Methods of Observation/Computations (551.501) KW - M2 556.14:Infiltration/Soil Moisture (556.14) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18910080?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Ecology+Notes&rft.atitle=Microsatellite+markers+for+Bromus+tectorum+%28cheatgrass%29&rft.au=Ramakrishnan%3BColeman%2C+CE%3BMeyer%2C+SE%3BFairbanks%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Ramakrishnan&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=22&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Ecology+Notes&rft.issn=14718278&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1471-8278.2001.00131.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1525-7541(2002)003(0688:SSMRAM)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of dam impoundment on the flood regime of natural floodplain communities in the upper Connecticut River AN - 18904490; 5575499 AB - Understanding the effects of dams on the inundation regime of natural floodplain communities is critical for effective decision making on dam management or dam removal. To test the implications of hydrologic alteration by dams for floodplain natural communities, we conducted a combined field and modeling study along two reaches in the Connecticut River Rapids Macrosite (CRRM), one of the last remaining flowing water sections of the Upper Connecticut River. We surveyed multiple channel cross sections at both locations and concurrently identified and surveyed the elevations of important natural communities, native species of concern, and nonnative invasive species. Using a hydrologic model, HEC-RAS, we routed estimated pre- and post-impoundment discharges of different design recurrence intervals (two year through 100 year floods) through each reach to establish corresponding reductions in elevation and effective wetted perimeter following post-dam discharge reductions. By comparing (1) the frequency and duration of flooding of these surfaces before and after impoundment and (2) the total area flooded at different recurrence intervals, our goal was to derive a spatially explicit assessment of hydrologic alteration, directly relevant to natural floodplain communities. Post-impoundment hydrologic alteration profoundly affected the subsequent inundation regime, and this impact was particularly true of higher floodplain terraces. These riparian communities, which were flooded, on average, every 20 to 100 years pre-impoundment, were predicted to flood at 100 greater than or equal to 100 year intervals, essentially isolating them completely from riverine influence. At the pre-dam five to ten year floodplain elevations, we observed smaller differences in predicted flood frequency but substantial differences in the total area flooded and in the average flood duration. For floodplain forests in the Upper Connecticut River, this alteration by impoundment suggests that even if other stresses facing these communities (human development, invasive exotics) were alleviated, this may not be sufficient to restore intact natural communities. More generally, our approach provides a way to combine site specific variables with long term gage records in assessing the restorative potential of dam removal. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Nislow, KH AU - Magilligan, F J AU - Fassnacht, H AU - Bechtel, D AU - Ruesink, A AD - Northeastern Research Station, USDA-U.S. Forest Service, Amherst, MA 01003, USA, knislow@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 1533 EP - 1548 VL - 38 IS - 6 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - USA, Connecticut R. KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Hydrological Regime KW - Riparian Vegetation KW - Ecosystems KW - Floods and flooding KW - Water resources KW - Freshwater KW - Water Resources Management KW - Ecological Effects KW - Ecology KW - Flood forecasting KW - Endemic species KW - Floods KW - Dams KW - Environmental effects KW - Hydrology KW - Floodplains KW - Dam Effects KW - Data Collections KW - Data collections KW - Ecological Distribution KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - Model Studies KW - Flood Plains KW - Flood plains KW - Water management KW - Impoundments KW - Flooding KW - Introduced species KW - Q1 08464:Other aquatic communities KW - SW 4070:Ecological impact of water development KW - Q2 09171:Dynamics of lakes and rivers KW - AQ 00005:Underground Services and Water Use KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18904490?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Effects+of+dam+impoundment+on+the+flood+regime+of+natural+floodplain+communities+in+the+upper+Connecticut+River&rft.au=Nislow%2C+KH%3BMagilligan%2C+F+J%3BFassnacht%2C+H%3BBechtel%2C+D%3BRuesink%2C+A&rft.aulast=Nislow&rft.aufirst=KH&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1533&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Endemic species; Flood forecasting; Flood plains; Dams; Floods; Impoundments; Environmental effects; Flooding; Water resources; Introduced species; Ecosystem disturbance; Ecology; Water management; Floods and flooding; Hydrology; Floodplains; Data collections; Flood Plains; Hydrological Regime; Riparian Vegetation; Ecosystems; Ecological Effects; Water Resources Management; Ecological Distribution; Dam Effects; Model Studies; Data Collections; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of 38 polymorphic microsatellite markers for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss ) AN - 18837087; 5537278 AB - Thirty-eight new microsatellite markers were developed for genome mapping and population genetics studies in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The amount of polymorphism, percentage of heterozygosity and ability of each marker to amplify genomic DNA from other salmonids were recorded. Five markers were observed to be duplicated in the rainbow trout genome by containing more than one allele in homozygous (clonal) fish. JF - Molecular Ecology Notes AU - Palti, Y AU - Fincham, M R AU - Rexroad, CE AD - National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, USDA-ARS, 11876 Leetown Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA, ypalti@ncccwa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 449 EP - 452 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 2 IS - 4 SN - 1471-8278, 1471-8278 KW - Rainbow trout KW - Salmonids KW - Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Genomes KW - Allelles KW - Polymorphism KW - Microsatellites KW - Oncorhynchus mykiss KW - Biomarkers KW - Freshwater KW - Biopolymorphism KW - Freshwater fish KW - Population genetics KW - DNA KW - Salmonidae KW - Genetic mapping KW - Q1 08345:Genetics and evolution KW - G 07371:Fish KW - D 04668:Fish KW - Q4 27210:Fish UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18837087?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Ecology+Notes&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+38+polymorphic+microsatellite+markers+for+rainbow+trout+%28Oncorhynchus+mykiss+%29&rft.au=Palti%2C+Y%3BFincham%2C+M+R%3BRexroad%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Palti&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=449&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Ecology+Notes&rft.issn=14718278&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1471-8286.2002.00274.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genomes; Population genetics; Allelles; DNA; Biomarkers; Freshwater fish; Biopolymorphism; Polymorphism; Microsatellites; Genetic mapping; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Salmonidae; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-8286.2002.00274.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modified Rapid DNA Extraction Protocol for High Throughput Microsatellite Analysis in Wheat AN - 18830631; 5716083 AB - New technology is allowing marker-assisted selection to fulfill the promise of increasing efficiency of cultivar development. However, these techniques depend upon the ability to extract DNA from large populations of plants. The objective of this project was to develop a high-throughput DNA extraction procedure without the need for greenhouse space or growing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants. A sodium hydroxide rapid DNA extraction was modified for a 96-well format to reduce costs. Seeds were germinated in 8-well tissue culture plates, and 4-d-old seedling tissue was used to extract DNA by means of sodium hydroxide methodology. Approximately 1 mu g of genomic DNA per 10 mg of tissue was isolated at a cost of about $0.10. The DNA quality was verified by amplification of microsatellite markers. Results were consistent with either fresh or stored tissue extracts. This technique allows one person to extract nearly 1000 storage-stable DNA samples daily, while keeping costs at a minimum. JF - Crop Science AU - Hill-Ambroz, K L AU - Brown-Guedira, G L AU - Fellers, J P AD - USDA-ARS Plant Science and Entomology Unit, 4008 Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, jpf@alfalfa.ksu.edu Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 2088 EP - 2091 VL - 42 IS - 6 SN - 0011-183X, 0011-183X KW - Wheat KW - amplification KW - marker-assisted selection KW - protocols KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - N 14610:Occurrence, isolation & assay KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 310:Agricultural Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18830631?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crop+Science&rft.atitle=Modified+Rapid+DNA+Extraction+Protocol+for+High+Throughput+Microsatellite+Analysis+in+Wheat&rft.au=Hill-Ambroz%2C+K+L%3BBrown-Guedira%2C+G+L%3BFellers%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Hill-Ambroz&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2088&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Crop+Science&rft.issn=0011183X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genotype Analyses of Campylobacter Isolated from Distinct Segments of the Reproductive Tracts of Broiler Breeder Hens AN - 18819536; 5690135 AB - Campylobacter isolated from feces and from the oviduct of six broiler breeder hens were genotyped by using flaA SVR DNA sequence analyses. A diversity of genotypes was observed among fecal and oviduct isolates. Comparison of isolates from the oviducts of individual hens revealed variable results. In three cases (hen 2, hen 3, and hen 6), analyses indicated that isolates from all regions of the individual hen's reproductive tract were closely related; isolates from hen 1 and hen 4 were diverse. Comparison of the Campylobacter isolates between hens revealed that in two cases, hens 1 and 3 and hens 4 and 6, certain isolates possessed identical flaA SVR sequence types. Comparisons of Campylobacter isolates recovered from a distinct region of the oviduct were found to have increased diversity as sampling progressed down the oviduct. This study further demonstrates that Campylobacter is present within the reproductive tract of breeder hens and that this presence may enable vertical transmission of Campylobacter from the breeder hen to the broiler offspring. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Hiett, K L AU - Cox, NA AU - Buhr, R J AU - Stern, N J AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Poultry Microbiological Safety Research Unit, Russell Research Center, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30604-5677, USA Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 400 EP - 404 PB - Springer-Verlag, Life Science Journals VL - 45 IS - 6 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - Red junglefowl KW - chickens KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18819536?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Genotype+Analyses+of+Campylobacter+Isolated+from+Distinct+Segments+of+the+Reproductive+Tracts+of+Broiler+Breeder+Hens&rft.au=Hiett%2C+K+L%3BCox%2C+NA%3BBuhr%2C+R+J%3BStern%2C+N+J&rft.aulast=Hiett&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=400&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00284-002-3771-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00284-002-3771-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monoclonal Antibody to Fenbendazole: Utility in Residue Studies AN - 18781158; 5649154 AB - A monoclonal antibody-based ELISA was developed for fenbendazole, a widely used benzimidazole anthelmintic, with approved uses in cattle and other food animals. The antibody was elicited using as hapten 2-succinamido-5(6)-phenylthiobenzimidazole, which was conjugated with bovine serum albumin to produce an immunogen and with horseradish peroxidase to prepare a labeled ligand. The ELISA was performed on aqueous extracts of bovine liver or diluted milk samples. In bovine liver, the limit of detection was 200 ppb; in the milk matrix, the limit of detection was 3 ppb. The ELISA method is a simple approach to screen food samples for residues of fenbendazole. JF - Food and Agricultural Immunology AU - Brandon, D L AU - Bates, AH AU - Binder, R G AU - Montague, WC Jr AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA, dbrandon@pw.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 275 EP - 283 VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 0954-0105, 0954-0105 KW - fenbendazole KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W2 32375:Antibodies KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18781158?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Agricultural+Immunology&rft.atitle=Monoclonal+Antibody+to+Fenbendazole%3A+Utility+in+Residue+Studies&rft.au=Brandon%2C+D+L%3BBates%2C+AH%3BBinder%2C+R+G%3BMontague%2C+WC+Jr&rft.aulast=Brandon&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Agricultural+Immunology&rft.issn=09540105&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F0954010021000096364 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0954010021000096364 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - High resolution characterization of soil biological communities by nucleic acid and fatty acid analyses AN - 18762008; 5633704 AB - Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and length heterogeneity-polymerase chain reaction (LH-PCR) analyses were used to generate `fingerprints' of FAMEs and eubacterial 16S rDNA sequences characteristic of agricultural soil communities. We hypothesized that pooling data from two methods that characterized different components of soil biological communities would improve the resolution of fingerprints characterizing the effects of contrasting tillage and ground cover practices. By using supervised classifications of FAME and LH-PCR, a discriminant analysis procedure distinguished soils from contrasting tillage and ground cover management and predicted the origin of soil samples. Used independently, FAME provided higher resolution of tillage, ground cover, and field location than LH-PCR, but LH-PCR was effective at identifying field location. Pooling data from both methods did not enhance the predictive power. A comparison of linear discriminant analysis, quadratic discriminant analysis, and nonparametric density estimation demonstrated that minimizing assumptions about data distribution improved the capacity of FAME analysis to resolve differences in soil types. Use of a purely statistical Bayesian method to select a subset of fatty acids (FA's) as variables in discriminant analyses identified FA's that represented signature FA's for specific groups of organisms. JF - Soil Biology and Biochemistry AU - Dierksen, K P AU - Whittaker, G W AU - Banowetz, G M AU - Azevedo, MD AU - Kennedy, A C AU - Steiner, J J AU - Griffith, S M AD - USDA/ARS, 3450 S.W. Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA, banowetg@onid.orst.edu Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 1853 EP - 1860 VL - 34 IS - 12 SN - 0038-0717, 0038-0717 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01047:General KW - D 04001:Methodology - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18762008?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=High+resolution+characterization+of+soil+biological+communities+by+nucleic+acid+and+fatty+acid+analyses&rft.au=Dierksen%2C+K+P%3BWhittaker%2C+G+W%3BBanowetz%2C+G+M%3BAzevedo%2C+MD%3BKennedy%2C+A+C%3BSteiner%2C+J+J%3BGriffith%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Dierksen&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1853&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00380717&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predicting head cut erosion and migration in concentrated flows typical of upland areas AN - 18702105; 5593742 AB - Soil erosion due to head cut development and migration can devastate agricultural lands, yet current prediction technology does not address this important erosion process. Here an analytical model of this erosional phenomenon is presented. Realistic, physically based approximations to the laws governing mass, momentum, and energy transfer in the neighborhood of the scour hole result in closed-form predictive algorithms for the magnitude of the plunge pool erosion and the rate of head cut migration. The model introduces a special treatment of nonventilated overfall conditions, is limited to homogeneous, unbounded soil layers, and is validated by available experimental measurements. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Alonso, C V AU - Bennett, S J AU - Stein, O R AD - National Sedimentation Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Oxford, MS, USA Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 VL - 38 IS - 12 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Mathematical Models KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Spatial Distribution KW - Model Studies KW - Time dependent KW - Erosion KW - Geomorphology KW - Distribution (Mathematical) KW - Scour KW - Upstream KW - Channel Morphology KW - Channel Scour KW - Channel Erosion KW - Temporal Distribution KW - Channels (see also Streams) KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18702105?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Predicting+head+cut+erosion+and+migration+in+concentrated+flows+typical+of+upland+areas&rft.au=Alonso%2C+C+V%3BBennett%2C+S+J%3BStein%2C+O+R&rft.aulast=Alonso&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2001WR001173 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Time dependent; Erosion; Geomorphology; Distribution (Mathematical); Scour; Modelling (-general-); Channels (see also Streams); Mathematical Models; Upstream; Spatial Distribution; Channel Scour; Channel Morphology; Channel Erosion; Model Studies; Temporal Distribution DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001WR001173 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Remote sensing of Macartney rose in the Texas Coastal Prairie AN - 18690684; 5585393 AB - Macartney rose (Rosa bracteata) is an evergreen shrub that often creates a range management problem in southeastern Texas. A study was conducted to determine the potential of using remote sensing technology to distinguish Macartney rose on the Texas Coastal Prairie. Field reflectance measurements showed that Macartney rose had higher near-infrared reflectance than associated plant species and mixtures of species in February and March. Macartney rose had a bright red image tonal response on color-infrared aerial photographs obtained in late winter. Computer analysis of a color-infrared photographic transparency showed that Macartney rose populations could be quantified. An accuracy assessment performed on the classified image showed that both the user's accuracy and producer's accuracy for Macartney rose were 100%. JF - Southwestern Naturalist AU - Everitt, J H AU - Yang, C AU - Wilson, R F AU - Alaniz, MA AU - Davis, M R AD - Integrated Farming and Natural Resources Research USDA-ARS, 2413 E. Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA, jeveritt@weslaco.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 566 EP - 575 VL - 47 IS - 4 SN - 0038-4909, 0038-4909 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18690684?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southwestern+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Remote+sensing+of+Macartney+rose+in+the+Texas+Coastal+Prairie&rft.au=Everitt%2C+J+H%3BYang%2C+C%3BWilson%2C+R+F%3BAlaniz%2C+MA%3BDavis%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Everitt&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fsj%2Fjim%2F7000231 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Update for Combustion Properties of Wood Components AN - 18685945; 5582038 AB - The combustion properties of various biomass and wood materials from various references and from our laboratory were reanalysed. The net heat of combustion for cellulosic materials was found to be 13.23 kJ/g times the ratio of stoichiometric oxygen mass to fuel mass, r sub(o), regardless of the material composition. Bomb calorimeter data for original, charred and volatilized material components provide gross heating values, while elemental analysis of the materials for carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and ash provide direct evaluation for r sub(o). We corrected these data as provided in various references by converting gross heating values to lower heating values and converting elemental compositions, char fractions and r sub(o) to a moisture-free and ash-free basis. Some existing formulae were found to disagree with data from vegetation, charred wood with high ash content, and with volatiles from cellulose treated with the fire retardant NaOH. We also established various functional correlations of r sub(o) with elemental compositions, or volatization fractions of untreated and treated materials, or material fractions for cellulose, lignin and extractives, or volatile fractions for tar, combustible gases and inert gases in pure nitrogen carrier gas. An interesting predictive result provides nearly constant heat of combustion while the volatile tar fraction is decreasing and combustible and inert gas fractions are increasing with time during the charring of Douglas-fir wood. JF - Fire and Materials AU - Dietenberger, M AD - USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, One Glifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI 53726-2398, USA, mdietenberger@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 255 EP - 267 VL - 26 IS - 6 SN - 0308-0501, 0308-0501 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 7000:Fire Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18685945?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fire+and+Materials&rft.atitle=Update+for+Combustion+Properties+of+Wood+Components&rft.au=Dietenberger%2C+M&rft.aulast=Dietenberger&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fire+and+Materials&rft.issn=03080501&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Ffam.807 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.807 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Normalizing sweet orange (C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck) somatic embryogenesis with semi-permeable membranes AN - 18682446; 5574964 AB - Development of citrus somatic embryos initiated from embryogenic callus generally results in abnormal morphogenesis of somatic embryos. To normalize development, glycerol-induced globular-stage somatic embryos of sweet orange [C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. 'Hamlin'] were cultured on 6000-8000 MW cutoff cellulose acetate, >400 000 MW cutoff cellulose acetate, nitrocellulose, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), cellulose filter paper, or positive or neutral charged nylon membranes. Only the two cellulose acetate membranes resulted in the development of normal, two-cotyledon, bipolar, heart-shaped embryos, and no aberrant teratoma-like structures. Heart-shaped embryos developed and germinated normally on Murashige and Tucker basal medium with 0.5% sucrose and 1 mu M gibberellic acid. Culture of embryogenic callus directly onto cellulose membranes also resulted in the development of normal heart-shaped embryos, indicating that glycerol induction of globular-stage embryos is not necessary. Heart-shaped embryos were not observed when the osmotic potential of the medium was increased by the addition of 2.5-15% polyethylene glycol; neither were they observed when the matric potential of the medium was increased by increasing the gelling agent concentrations of agar and Gelrite from 0.8% to 3% and 0.15% to 0.9%, respectively. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant AU - Niedz, R P AU - Hyndman, SE AU - Wynn, E T AU - Bausher, M G AD - Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, 2001 South Rock Road, Ft. Pierce, FL 34945-3030, USA, rniedz@ushrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 552 EP - 557 VL - 38 IS - 6 SN - 1054-5476, 1054-5476 KW - Sweet orange KW - cellulose acetate KW - glycerol KW - nitrocellulose KW - nylon KW - polyvinylidene fluoride KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W2 32440:Plant breeding KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18682446?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.atitle=Normalizing+sweet+orange+%28C.+sinensis+%28L.%29+Osbeck%29+somatic+embryogenesis+with+semi-permeable+membranes&rft.au=Niedz%2C+R+P%3BHyndman%2C+SE%3BWynn%2C+E+T%3BBausher%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Niedz&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=552&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.issn=10545476&rft_id=info:doi/10.1079%2FIVP2002331 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/IVP2002331 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Energy dissipation and photoinhibition in Douglas-fir needles with a fungal-mediated reduction in photosynthetic rates AN - 18677215; 5568725 AB - The dissipation of absorbed light and potential for photooxidative damage was explored in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings with and without Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii infection. The presence of P. gaeumannii significantly reduced net CO sub(2) assimilation rates from ca. 6 mu mol/m super(2)/s to 1.5 mu mol/m super(2)/s, without any significant impact on chloroplast pigments. The partitioning of absorbed light-energy to photochemistry or thermal dissipation was determined from chlorophyll fluorescence measurements. Maximum thermal dissipation for both control and infected needles was ca. 80%, consistent with the similar xanthophyll pool sizes in the two treatments. At high photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), when thermal dissipation was maximized, the lower photochemical utilization in infected needles resulted in greater amounts of excess absorbed light (ca. 20 and 10% for the infected and control needles, respectively). A second experiment, monitoring changes in photosystem II (PSII) efficiency (F sub(v)/F sub(m)) in response to a 1 h high light treatment (PPFD = 2000 mu mol/m super(2)/s) also suggests that infected needles absorb greater amounts of excess light. In this experiment, declines in F sub(v)/F sub(m) were 1.5 times greater in infected needles, despite the similar xanthophyll pool sizes. Furthermore, increases in minimum fluorescence (178 and 122% of initial values for the infected and control needles, respectively) suggest that the reduction in PSII efficiency is largely attributable to photooxidative damage. Finally, reductions in PSII efficiency under high light conditions provide a plausible explanation for the greater pathogenicity (e.g. premature needle abscission) of P. gaeumannii in sun-exposed foliage. JF - Journal of Phytopathology AU - Manter, D K AD - USDA Forest Service, PNW Research Station, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA, dmanter@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 674 EP - 679 VL - 150 IS - 11-12 SN - 0931-1785, 0931-1785 KW - Douglas-fir KW - chlorophyll KW - photosystem II KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18677215?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Energy+dissipation+and+photoinhibition+in+Douglas-fir+needles+with+a+fungal-mediated+reduction+in+photosynthetic+rates&rft.au=Manter%2C+D+K&rft.aulast=Manter&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=150&rft.issue=11-12&rft.spage=674&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Phytopathology&rft.issn=09311785&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mineralization of manure nutrients AN - 18669855; 5561361 AB - In order to apply manure or compost to fulfill the nutrient requirements of a crop, knowledge of the amount of nutrients mineralized following application is needed. Nutrient mineralization from applied manure depends on temperature, soil moisture, soil properties, manure characteristics, and microbial activity. Since these factors cannot be accurately predicted, nutrient mineralization from applied manure can only be approximated. Nitrogen (N) availability from applied manure includes the inorganic N (NO sub(3)-N and NH sub(4)-N) in manure plus the amount of organic N mineralized following application. Nitrogen mineralization differs for different manure types since the inorganic/organic fraction and quality of organic N varies among manure types. Mineralization of organic N is expected to be low for composted manure ( similar to 18%) and high for swine or poultry (hens) manure ( similar to 55%). Phosphorus (P) availability from all animal production sources of manure is high (> 70%), as most of the manure P is inorganic and becomes plant-available after application. Potassium (K) availability from manure is nearly 100%; therefore, manure can be used similar to K fertilizer. When manure was analyzed for plant-available nutrients, greater than 55% of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) and less than 40% of zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), sulfur (S), and boron (B) were plant-available. To effectively utilize the nutrients in manure, their mineralization potential should be considered when determining application rates. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Eghball, B AU - Wienhold, B J AU - Gilley, JE AU - Eigenberg, R A AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) in Lincoln, Nebraska, USA Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 470 EP - 473 VL - 57 IS - 6 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Fertilizers KW - Manure KW - Agricultural Chemicals KW - Agricultural Practices KW - Nutrients KW - Cultivated Lands KW - Mineralization KW - Animal Wastes KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18669855?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Mineralization+of+manure+nutrients&rft.au=Eghball%2C+B%3BWienhold%2C+B+J%3BGilley%2C+JE%3BEigenberg%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Eghball&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=470&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fertilizers; Agricultural Chemicals; Manure; Agricultural Practices; Nutrients; Cultivated Lands; Animal Wastes; Mineralization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The binding and degradation of nisin by mixed ruminal bacteria AN - 18665812; 5568913 AB - We found that nisin catalyzed potassium efflux from glycolyzing Streptococcus bovis JB1 cell suspensions and that the steady state concentration of residual potassium was dependent upon the amount of nisin added. The relationship between nisin concentration and potassium depletion was a saturation function that had considerable cooperativity. By pre-incubating mixed ruminal bacteria with nisin and removing them prior to S. bovis JB1 addition, it was possible to estimate the ability of mixed ruminal bacteria to bind or degrade nisin. Low concentrations of mixed ruminal bacteria did not bind or degrade all of the nisin in 6 h, but little nisin remained if the mixed ruminal bacteria were present at more than 50 mu g protein ml super(-1). Because cell-free ruminal fluid (10% v/v) inactivated the nisin in less than 2 h, and this inactivation could be counteracted by autoclaving, ultra-filtration or proteinase inhibitor, it appeared that there was an enzymatic degradation of nisin. Mixed ruminal bacteria degraded nisin rapidly, but this degradation did not prevent potassium depletion from mixed ruminal bacteria. These latter results indicated that nisin binding was faster than nisin degradation. The idea that nisin binding could protect nisin from degradation was supported by the observation that intact nisin could be extracted from mixed ruminal bacteria. These observations support the hypothesis that bacteriocins can be used to modify ruminal fermentation, but further work will be needed to see if these peptides can be produced economically. JF - FEMS Microbiology Ecology AU - Lee, S S AU - Mantovani, H C AU - Russell, J B AD - Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA, jbr8@cornell.edu Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 339 EP - 345 VL - 42 IS - 3 SN - 0168-6496, 0168-6496 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18665812?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Ecology&rft.atitle=The+binding+and+degradation+of+nisin+by+mixed+ruminal+bacteria&rft.au=Lee%2C+S+S%3BMantovani%2C+H+C%3BRussell%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=339&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Ecology&rft.issn=01686496&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological approaches for control of root pathogens of strawberry AN - 18651572; 5549498 AB - Soil fumigation with methyl bromide plus chloropicrin is used as a preplant treatment to control a broad range of pathogens in high-value annual crop production systems. In California, fumigation is used on approximately 10,125 ha of strawberry production to control pathogens ranging from Verticillium dahliae to root pruning pathogens such as Pythium, Rhizoctonia, or Cylindrocarpon spp. In addition to pathogen control, fumigation also causes an enhanced growth response of the plant and reduces weed pressure. The development of successful, long-term cost effective biocontrol strategies most likely will require the development of an integrated systems approach that incorporates diverse aspects of the crop production system. Although application of single microbial inoculants may provide some level of control for specific production problems, it will be a challenge to provide the broad spectrum of activity needed in production fields. JF - Phytopathology AU - Martin, F N AU - Bull, C T AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, 1636 East Alisal St., Salinas, CA 93905, USA, fmartin@pw.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 1356 EP - 1362 VL - 92 IS - 12 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - strawberry KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18651572?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Biological+approaches+for+control+of+root+pathogens+of+strawberry&rft.au=Martin%2C+F+N%3BBull%2C+C+T&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1356&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alterations in Taxol Production in Plant Cell Culture via Manipulation of the Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase Pathway AN - 18650695; 5559067 AB - One approach to increasing secondary metabolite production in plant cell culture is to manipulate metabolic pathways to utilize more resources toward production of one desired compound or class of compounds, such as diverting carbon flux from competing secondary pathways. Since phenylalanine provides both the phenylisoserine side chain and the benzoyl moiety at C-2 of Taxol, we speculated that blockage of the phenylpropanoid pathway might divert phenylalanine into Taxol biosynthesis. We used specific enzyme inhibitors to target the first enzyme in the phenylpropanoid pathway, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), the critical control point for conversion of L-phenylalanine to trans-cinnamic acid. Cinnamic acid acted quickly in reducing PAL activity by 40-50%, without affecting total protein levels, but it generally inhibited the taxane pathway, reducing Taxol by 90% of control levels. Of the taxanes produced, 13-acetyl-9-dihydro-baccatin III and 9-dihydrobaccatin III doubled as a percentage of total taxanes in C93AD and CO93P cells treated with 0.20 and 0.25 mM cinnamic acid, when all other taxanes were lowered. The PAL inhibitor alpha -aminooxyacetic acid (AOA) almost entirely shut down Taxol production at both 0.5 and 1.5 mM, whereas L- alpha -aminooxy- beta -phenylpropionic acid (AOPP) had the opposite effect, slightly enhancing Taxol production at 1 mu M but having no effect at 10 mu M. The discrepancy in the effectiveness of AOA and AOPP and the lack of effect with addition of phenylalanine or benzoic acid derivatives further indicates that the impact of cinnamic acid on Taxol is related not to its effect on PAL but rather to a specific effect on the taxane pathway. On the basis of these results, a less direct route for inhibiting the phenylpropanoid pathway may be required to avoid unwanted side effects and potentially enhance Taxol production. JF - Biotechnology Progress AU - Brincat, M C AU - Gibson, D M AU - Shuler, M L AD - Department of Chemical Engineering, Cornell University, and USDA, ARS, U.S. Plant, Soil, and Nutrition Lab, Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA, dmg6@cornell.edu Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 1149 EP - 1156 VL - 18 IS - 6 SN - 8756-7938, 8756-7938 KW - 13-acetyl-9-dihydro-baccatin III KW - 9-dihydrobaccatin III KW - Taxol KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32370:Antibiotics and antitumor agents KW - W4 320:Cell Culture & Batch Fermentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18650695?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Progress&rft.atitle=Alterations+in+Taxol+Production+in+Plant+Cell+Culture+via+Manipulation+of+the+Phenylalanine+Ammonia+Lyase+Pathway&rft.au=Brincat%2C+M+C%3BGibson%2C+D+M%3BShuler%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Brincat&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Progress&rft.issn=87567938&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fbp0256115 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bp0256115 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cultural management of microbial community structure to enhance growth of apple in replant soils AN - 18649970; 5549499 AB - Apple replant disease typically is managed through pre-plant application of broad-spectrum soil fumigants including methyl bromide. The impending loss or restricted use of soil fumigants and the needs of an expanding organic tree fruit industry necessitate the development of alternative control measures. The microbial community resident in a wheat field soil was shown to suppress components of the microbial complex that incites apple replant disease. Pseudomonas putida was the primary fluorescent pseudomonad recovered from suppressive soil, whereas Pseudomonas fluorescens bv. III was dominant in a conducive soil; the latter developed within 3 years of orchard establishment at the same site. In greenhouse studies, cultivation of wheat in replant orchard soils prior to planting apple suppressed disease development. Disease suppression was induced in a wheat cultivar-specific manner. Wheat cultivars that enhanced apple seedling growth altered the dominant fluorescent pseudomonad from Pseudomonas fluorescens bv. III to Pseudomonas putida. The microbial community resident in replant orchard soils after growing wheat also was suppressive to an introduced isolate of Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group 5, which causes root rot of apple. Incorporation of high glucosinolate containing rapeseed ('Dwarf Essex') meal also enhanced growth of apple in replant soils through suppression of Rhizoctonia spp., Cylindrocarpon spp., and Pratylenchus penetrans. Integration of these methods will require knowledge of the impact of the biofumigant component on the wheat-induced disease-suppressive microbial community. Implementation of these control strategies for management of apple replant disease awaits confirmation from ongoing field validation trials. JF - Phytopathology AU - Mazzola, M AU - Granatstein, D M AU - Elfving, D C AU - Mullinix, K AU - Gu, Y-H AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, 1104 N. Western Ave., Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA, mazzola@tfrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 1363 EP - 1366 VL - 92 IS - 12 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18649970?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Cultural+management+of+microbial+community+structure+to+enhance+growth+of+apple+in+replant+soils&rft.au=Mazzola%2C+M%3BGranatstein%2C+D+M%3BElfving%2C+D+C%3BMullinix%2C+K%3BGu%2C+Y-H&rft.aulast=Mazzola&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1363&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Greenhouse and field evaluation of biological control of Fusarium head blight on durum wheat AN - 18647553; 5549505 AB - Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease that causes extensive yield and quality losses to wheat and barley. In durum wheat, the pathogen-produced toxin deoxynivalenol (DON) is retained in semolina at approximately 50%, and the causal agent of FHB, Gibberella zeae, has a strong adverse effect on pasta color. Two bacteria and two yeast strains with known efficacy against G. zeae on hexaploid wheats were produced in liquid culture and assayed on two cultivars of durum wheat in greenhouse bioassays. All antagonists reduced FHB severity on cultivar Renville, and three of the four reduced severity on cultivar Ben, with Bacillus subtilis strain AS 43.3 decreasing FHB severity by as much as 90%. In separate greenhouse bioassays, the carbon:nitrogen ratio of the medium used to produce antagonists did not consistently influence antagonist efficacy. All antagonist/production medium combinations but one were effective in reducing disease on both durum cultivars. Of six antagonists tested at field sites, Cryptococcus sp. OH 71.4 and C. nodaensis OH 182.9 reduced disease severity by as much as 57% in Peoria, IL, while Cryptococcus sp. OH 181.1 reduced disease severity by as much as 59% in a trial at Langdon, ND. Antagonists did not influence the DON content of grain in the Peoria trial. Relative performance indices for four antagonists calculated from greenhouse and field results on the two durum cultivars demonstrated that the bioassay location, but not the cultivar of durum, influenced the relative performance of antagonists. Yeast antagonists OH 71.4, OH 181.1, and OH 182.9 appear to have the highest potential for contributing to the reduction of FHB on durum wheat in the field. JF - Plant Disease AU - Schisler, DA AU - Khan, NI AU - Boehm, MJ AU - Slininger, P J AD - Research Plant Pathologist, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research (NCAUR), Peoria, IL 61604, USA, Schislda@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 1350 EP - 1356 VL - 86 IS - 12 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - wheat KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18647553?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Greenhouse+and+field+evaluation+of+biological+control+of+Fusarium+head+blight+on+durum+wheat&rft.au=Schisler%2C+DA%3BKhan%2C+NI%3BBoehm%2C+MJ%3BSlininger%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Schisler&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1350&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Engineering deoxynivalenol metabolism in wheat through the expression of a fungal trichothecene acetyltransferase gene AN - 18646602; 5554314 AB - Fusarium head blight occurs in cereals throughout the world and is especially important in humid growing regions. Fusarium head blight (FHB) has re-emerged as a major disease of wheat and barley in the U.S. and Canada since 1993. The primary causal agents of FHB, Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum, can produce deoxynivalenol (DON), a trichothecene mycotoxin that enhances disease severity and poses a health hazard to humans and monogastric animals. To reduce the effects of DON on wheat, we have introduced FsTRI101, a Fusarium sporotrichioides gene formerly known as TriR, into the regenerable cultivar Bobwhite. TRI101 encodes an enzyme that transfers an acetyl moiety to the C3 hydroxyl group of trichothecenes. Four different transgenic plants carrying the FsTRI101 gene were identified. Although expression levels varied among the four lines, all of them accumulated FsTRI101 transcripts in endosperm and glume. TRI101-encoded acetyltransferase activity was detected in endosperm extracts of a single plant that accumulated FsTRI101 mRNA. Greenhouse resistance tests indicated that the accumulation of FsTRI101-encoded acetyltransferase in this plant confers partial protection against the spread of F. graminearum in inoculated wheat heads (spikes). JF - Theoretical and Applied Genetics AU - Okubara, P A AU - Blechl, A E AU - McCormick, S P AU - Alexander, N J AU - Macky, R D AU - Hohn, T M AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California, USA 94710-1105 Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 74 EP - 83 PB - Springer-Verlag, [URL:http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00122/bibs/2106 001/21060074.htm] VL - 106 IS - 1 SN - 0040-5752, 0040-5752 KW - TriR gene KW - Wheat KW - deoxynivalenol KW - metabolic engineering KW - trichothecene acetyltransferase KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - G 07358:Monocotyledons (crops) KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - G 07120:Recombinant DNA/Genetic engineering KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 310:Agricultural Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18646602?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Theoretical+and+Applied+Genetics&rft.atitle=Engineering+deoxynivalenol+metabolism+in+wheat+through+the+expression+of+a+fungal+trichothecene+acetyltransferase+gene&rft.au=Okubara%2C+P+A%3BBlechl%2C+A+E%3BMcCormick%2C+S+P%3BAlexander%2C+N+J%3BMacky%2C+R+D%3BHohn%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Okubara&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=74&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Theoretical+and+Applied+Genetics&rft.issn=00405752&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00122-002-1066-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00122-002-1066-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wheat genotype-specific induction of soil microbial communities suppressive to disease incited by Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group (AG)-5 and AG-8 AN - 18645242; 5551341 AB - The induction of disease-suppressive soils in response to specific cropping sequences has been demonstrated for numerous plant-pathogen systems. The role of host genotype in elicitation of the essential transformations in soil microbial community structure that lead to disease suppression has not been fully recognized. Apple orchard soils were planted with three successive 28-day cycles of specific wheat cultivars in the greenhouse prior to infestation with Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group (AG)-5 or AG-8. Suppressiveness to Rhizoctonia root rot of apple caused by the introduced isolate of R. solani AG-5 was induced in a wheat cultivar-specific manner. Pasteurization of soils after wheat cultivation and prior to pathogen introduction eliminated the disease suppressive potential of the soil. Wheat cultivars that induced disease suppression enhanced populations of specific fluorescent pseudomonad genotypes with antagonistic activity toward R. solani AG-5 and AG-8, but cultivars that did not elicit a disease suppressive soil did not modify the antagonistic capacity of this bacterial community. When soils were infested prior to the initial wheat planting, all cultivars were uniformly susceptible to R. solani AG-8. However, when pathogen inoculum was added after three growth-cycles, wheat root infection during the fourth growth-cycle varied in a cultivar specific manner. The same wheat cultivar-specific response in terms of transformation of the fluorescent pseudomonad community and subsequent suppression of Rhizoctonia root rot of apple was observed in three different orchard soils. These results demonstrate the importance of host genotype in modification of indigenous saprophytic microbial communities and suggest an important role for host genotype in the success of biological control. JF - Phytopathology AU - Mazzola, M AU - Gu, Y-H AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, 1104 N. Western Avenue, Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA, mazzola@tfrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 1300 EP - 1307 VL - 92 IS - 12 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02880:Plant diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18645242?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Wheat+genotype-specific+induction+of+soil+microbial+communities+suppressive+to+disease+incited+by+Rhizoctonia+solani+anastomosis+group+%28AG%29-5+and+AG-8&rft.au=Mazzola%2C+M%3BGu%2C+Y-H&rft.aulast=Mazzola&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1300&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Description of growth of Clostridium perfringens in cooked beef with multiple linear models AN - 18643302; 5534476 AB - The traditional linear model used in food microbiology employs three linear segments to describe the process of food spoilage and categorize a growth curve into three phases - lag, exponential, and stationary. The linear model is accurate only within certain portions of each phase of a growth process, and can underestimate or overestimate the transitional phases. While sigmoid functions (such as the Gompertz and logistic equations) can be used to fit the experimental growth data more accurately, they fail to indicate the physiological state of bacterial growth. The objective of this paper was to develop a new methodology to describe and categorize accurately the bacterial growth as a process using Clostridium perfringens as a test organism. This methodology utilized five linear segments represented by five linear models to categorize a bacterial growth process into lag, first transitional, exponential, second transitional, and stationary phases. Growth curves described in this paper using multiple linear models were more accurate than the traditional three-segment linear models, and were statistically equivalent to the Gompertz models. With the growth rates of transitional phases set to 1/3 of the exponential phase, the durations of the lag, first transitional, exponential, and second transitional phases in a growth curve described by the new method were correlated linearly. Since this linear relationship was independent of temperature, a complete five-segment growth curve could be generated from the maximum growth rate and a known duration of the first four growth phases. Moreover, the lag phase duration defined by the new method was a linear function of the traditional lag phase duration calculated from the Gompertz equation. With this relationship, the two traditional parameters (lag phase and maximum growth rate) used in a three-segment linear model can be used to generate a more accurate five-segment linear growth curve without involving complicated mathematical calculations.Copyright 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. JF - Food Microbiology AU - Huang, L AD - Food Safety Intervention Technologies Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, 19038, USA Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 577 EP - 587 PB - Academic Press VL - 19 IS - 6 SN - 0740-0020, 0740-0020 KW - Gompertz models KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01113:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18643302?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Description+of+growth+of+Clostridium+perfringens+in+cooked+beef+with+multiple+linear+models&rft.au=Huang%2C+L&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=577&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=07400020&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Ffmic.2002.0509 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/fmic.2002.0509 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Performance of Historic Downstream Canal Control Algorithms on ASCE Test Canal 1 AN - 18642806; 5545038 AB - Researchers have developed several algorithms to automatically control water levels in irrigation canals. Proportional-integral (PI) control logic has been used for downstream water-level control, but its performance has not always been satisfactory. Heuristic downstream water-level controllers (e.g., canal automation for rapid demand deliveries, or CARDD) have also been proposed but not rigorously tested. The ASCE Task Committee on Canal Automation Algorithms developed a series of test cases to evaluate the performance of canal control algorithms. In this paper, simulation tests were performed on the ASCE Test Canal 1 using three downstream control algorithms: (1) The standard PI control logic; (2) The PI control logic with hydraulic decouplers; and (3) The heuristic CARDD control logic. These controllers were tuned manually using trial-and-error techniques. Performance of the PI control logic improved with the addition of hydraulic decouplers. CARDD did not perform as well as the PI controllers under the conditions imposed on ASCE Test Canal 1. Robustness of these controllers depends on the aggressiveness of the controller as well as the initial flow rate. JF - Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering AU - Wahlin, B T AU - Clemmens, A J AD - U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory, USDA/ARS, 4331 E. Broadway Road, Phoenix, 85040, USA Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 365 EP - 375 VL - 128 IS - 6 SN - 0733-9437, 0733-9437 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Performance Evaluation KW - Water Management KW - Comparison Studies KW - Algorithms KW - Automation KW - Water Level KW - Flow Control KW - Irrigation Canals KW - SW 2010:Control of water on the surface UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18642806?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.atitle=Performance+of+Historic+Downstream+Canal+Control+Algorithms+on+ASCE+Test+Canal+1&rft.au=Wahlin%2C+B+T%3BClemmens%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Wahlin&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=128&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=365&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.issn=07339437&rft_id=info:doi/10.1061%2F%28ASCE%290733-9437%282002%29128%3A6%28365%29 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Performance Evaluation; Water Management; Comparison Studies; Algorithms; Automation; Water Level; Flow Control; Irrigation Canals DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2002)128:6(365) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Giardia in Beaver (Castor canadensis) and Nutria (Myocastor coypus) From East Texas AN - 18639571; 5543223 AB - We examined the prevalence of Giardia sp. infection in nuisance beaver (Castor canadensis) and nutria (Myocastor coypus) in east Texas. From October 1992 through September 1993, 100 beaver and 30 nutria were collected in routine wildlife management activities conducted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service-Texas Animal Damage Control Service. Fecal and duodenal mucoid samples were preserved from each animal. Fecal samples were examined for the occurrence of Giardia sp. cysts using the Merifluor registered immunoassay detection kit: 30 beaver (30.0%) and 20 nutria (66.7%) were positive for Giardia sp. Duodenal mucoid samples were examined for Giardia sp. trophozoites using trichrome staining, with 26 beaver (26.0%) and 20 nutria (73.3%) testing positive. Combining both techniques resulted in 33 beaver (33.0%) and 22 nutria (73.3%) testing positive for Giardia sp. We found no relationship between Giardia sp. and host age, sex, river system, habitat, county, or season in beaver. However, a relationship was found when season and habitat were considered together. No relationship was found between Giardia sp. and age, river system, habitat, county, or season in nutria; however, more males (87.5%) were infected than females (46.4%). JF - Journal of Parasitology AU - Dunlap, B G AU - Thies, M L AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service-Wildlife Services, 441 Donelson Pike, Nashville, Tennessee 37214, bio_mlt@shsu.edu Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 1254 EP - 1258 PB - American Society of Parasitologists VL - 88 IS - 6 SN - 0022-3395, 0022-3395 KW - American Beaver KW - Nutria KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Parasites KW - Human diseases KW - Duodenum KW - Protozoan diseases KW - Males KW - Wildlife KW - Pathogens KW - Freshwater KW - Habitat KW - Cysts KW - Myocastor coypus KW - Castor canadensis KW - Giardia KW - USA, Texas KW - Females KW - Feces KW - Seasonal variations KW - Aquatic mammals KW - Trophozoites KW - K 03091:Protozoa: animal KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18639571?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Parasitology&rft.atitle=Giardia+in+Beaver+%28Castor+canadensis%29+and+Nutria+%28Myocastor+coypus%29+From+East+Texas&rft.au=Dunlap%2C+B+G%3BThies%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Dunlap&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1254&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Parasitology&rft.issn=00223395&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-3395%282002%29088%281254%3AGIBCCA%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Parasites; Human diseases; Protozoan diseases; Males; Females; Pathogens; Cysts; Aquatic mammals; Duodenum; Wildlife; Habitat; Feces; Seasonal variations; Trophozoites; Giardia; Castor canadensis; Myocastor coypus; USA, Texas; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-3395(2002)088(1254:GIBCCA)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Resistance of peanut to sclerotinia blight and the effect of acibenzolar-S-methyl and fluazinam on disease incidence AN - 18639093; 5549502 AB - Sclerotinia minor, a soilborne fungal pathogen of peanut, can cause serious yield loss in North Carolina. A field test was implemented to study genotype reaction, and the effect of acibenzolar-S-methyl (a plant activator) and the fungicide fluazinam on disease incidence. In all, 13 genotypes in 1997 and 12 genotypes in 1998 were evaluated. Three applications of acibenzolar-S-methyl (0.14 kg a.i./ha) or fluazinam (0.58 kg a.i./ha) were made on a calendar-based schedule. Disease ratings were made weekly in 1997 and every other week in 1998. Fluazinam suppressed disease at all sites and increased yield at two of three locations. Acibenzolar-S-methyl had no effect on disease incidence or yield. The advanced breeding line N92056C and cvs. Tamrun 98 (TX 901417) and Perry (N93112C) had moderate to high levels of resistance to S. minor and produced high yields compared with susceptible cv. NC 7. Lines derived from wild species also demonstrated moderate to high levels of resistance relative to NC 7 and represent potential breeding lines. JF - Plant Disease AU - Lemay, A V AU - Bailey, JE AU - Shew, B B AD - North Carolina State University, Department of Plant Pathology, Raleigh 27695-7616, USA, andrea.lemay@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 1315 EP - 1317 VL - 86 IS - 12 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - acibenzolar-S-methyl KW - peanut KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18639093?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Resistance+of+peanut+to+sclerotinia+blight+and+the+effect+of+acibenzolar-S-methyl+and+fluazinam+on+disease+incidence&rft.au=Lemay%2C+A+V%3BBailey%2C+JE%3BShew%2C+B+B&rft.aulast=Lemay&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1315&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Competitive status influences tree-growth responses to elevated CO sub(2) and O sub(3) in aggrading aspen stands AN - 18636059; 5544765 AB - Competition effects on growth of individual trees were examined for 4 years in aggrading, mixed-clone stands of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) at the Aspen-FACE free-air CO sub(2) and O sub(3) enrichment facility in northern Wisconsin, USA. During each growing season stands received one of four combinations of atmospheric [CO sub(2)] (ambient vs similar to 56 Pa) and [O sub(3)] (ambient vs similar to 1.5 x ambient). Non-destructive measurements of annual tree growth were compared within and among clones and treatments in relation to an index of competitive status based on the difference between a tree's height and that of its four nearest neighbours. Competitive status strongly influenced tree growth, and the positive growth response to elevated [CO sub(2)] was greater for competitively advantaged individuals than for disadvantaged individuals of most clones. The magnitude of O sub(3) effects on growth depended on clone and competitive status: for some clones, negative O sub(3) effects were stronger with competitive advantage while others showed stronger O sub(3) effects with competitive disadvantage. The interactive effects of CO sub(2) and O sub(3) differed among clones, with negative effects of O sub(3) amplified or ameliorated by elevated CO sub(2), depending on clone and competitive status. Treatments modified competitive interactions by affecting the magnitude of growth differences among clones. These modifications did not alter clone rankings of competitive performance, but when CO sub(2) and O sub(3) were both elevated, the differences in competitive performance among clones decreased. JF - Functional Ecology AU - Mcdonald, E P AU - Kruger, EL AU - Riemenschneider, DE AU - Isebrands, J G AD - USDA-Forest Service, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 5985 Hwy K, Rhinelander, WI 54501, epmcdonald@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 792 EP - 801 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 16 IS - 6 SN - 0269-8463, 0269-8463 KW - CO sub(2) KW - O sub(3) KW - Quaking aspen KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18636059?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Functional+Ecology&rft.atitle=Competitive+status+influences+tree-growth+responses+to+elevated+CO+sub%282%29+and+O+sub%283%29+in+aggrading+aspen+stands&rft.au=Mcdonald%2C+E+P%3BKruger%2C+EL%3BRiemenschneider%2C+DE%3BIsebrands%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Mcdonald&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=792&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Functional+Ecology&rft.issn=02698463&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2435.2002.00683.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2435.2002.00683.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Brain Signaling and Behavioral Responses Induced by Exposure to 56Fe-Particle Radiation AN - 18632076; 5536553 AB - Previous experiments have demonstrated that exposure to 56Fe-particle irradiation (1.5 Gy, 1 GeV) produced aging-like accelerations in neuronal and behavioral deficits. Astronauts on long-term space flights will be exposed to similar heavy-particle radiations that might have similar deleterious effects on neuronal signaling and cognitive behavior. Therefore, the present study evaluated whether radiation-induced spatial learning and memory behavioral deficits are associated with region-specific brain signaling deficits by measuring signaling molecules previously found to be essential for behavior [pre-synaptic vesicle proteins, synaptobrevin and synaptophysin, and protein kinases, calcium-dependent PRKCs (also known as PKCs) and PRKA (PRKA RII beta )]. The results demonstrated a significant radiation-induced increase in reference memory errors. The increases in reference memory errors were significantly negatively correlated with striatal synaptobrevin and frontal cortical synaptophysin expression. Both synaptophysin and synaptobrevin are synaptic vesicle proteins that are important in cognition. Striatal PRKA, a memory signaling molecule, was also significantly negatively correlated with reference memory errors. Overall, our findings suggest that radiation-induced pre-synaptic facilitation may contribute to some previously reported radiation-induced decrease in striatal dopamine release and for the disruption of the central dopaminergic system integrity and dopamine-mediated behavior. JF - Radiation Research AU - Denisova, NA AU - Shukitt-Hale, B AU - Rabin, B M AU - Joseph, JA AD - Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, ndenissova@hnrc.tufts.edu Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 725 EP - 734 PB - The Radiation Research Society VL - 158 IS - 6 SN - 0033-7587, 0033-7587 KW - synaptobrevin KW - synaptophysin KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24210:Radiation & radioactive materials UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18632076?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiation+Research&rft.atitle=Brain+Signaling+and+Behavioral+Responses+Induced+by+Exposure+to+56Fe-Particle+Radiation&rft.au=Denisova%2C+NA%3BShukitt-Hale%2C+B%3BRabin%2C+B+M%3BJoseph%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Denisova&rft.aufirst=NA&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=158&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=725&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiation+Research&rft.issn=00337587&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0033-7587%282002%29158%280725%3ABSABRI%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0033-7587(2002)158(0725:BSABRI)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - PRIMER NOTE: Microsatellite markers for northern red oak (Fagaceae: Quercus rubra ) AN - 18629924; 5537286 AB - We provide primer sequences for 14 (GA) sub(n) microsatellite loci developed from northern red oak, an important timber species. We screened loci using two sets of samples. A parent-offspring set included DNA from seven acorns collected from one mother tree along with maternal DNA, to determine that all progeny carried a maternal allele at each locus. The other set was comprised of 10 adult trees sampled from Indiana old-growth forest, providing a measure of diversity revealed by each locus. JF - Molecular Ecology Notes AU - Aldrich, PR AU - Michler, CH AU - Sun, W AU - Romero-Severson, J AD - USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station, Hardwood Tree Improvement and Regeneration Center, Hardwood Tree Improvement and Regeneration Center, Purdue University Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, 1159 Forestry Building, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1159, USA, preston@fnr.purdue.edu Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 472 EP - 474 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 2 IS - 4 SN - 1471-8278, 1471-8278 KW - Northern red oak KW - Ecology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - G 07352:Dicotyledons (miscellaneous) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18629924?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Ecology+Notes&rft.atitle=PRIMER+NOTE%3A+Microsatellite+markers+for+northern+red+oak+%28Fagaceae%3A+Quercus+rubra+%29&rft.au=Aldrich%2C+PR%3BMichler%2C+CH%3BSun%2C+W%3BRomero-Severson%2C+J&rft.aulast=Aldrich&rft.aufirst=PR&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=472&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Ecology+Notes&rft.issn=14718278&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1471-8286.2002.00282.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-8286.2002.00282.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carbon exchange and species composition of grazed pastures and exclosures in the shortgrass steppe of Colorado AN - 18629374; 5528519 AB - Grasslands comprise approximately 40% of the world's terrestrial surface. Consequently, grassland ecosystems are a significant component of the global carbon cycle. In order to better understand how grazing affects the carbon cycle of grasslands, this study measured CO sub(2) exchange rate (CER) and soil respiration rate (SRR) on 130 ha pastures with a 56-year history of heavy (60% removal) and light (20% removal) grazing, and their accompanying 0.8 ha exclosures, on the shortgrass steppe of northeastern Colorado, USA. A CER chamber that covered 1 m super(2) of native grassland was used on five plots in each of the four areas. Mid-day CER and SRR were measured during the growing seasons of 1995-1997, along with green vegetation index (GVI, similar to leaf area index) and plant species composition. When averaged over each growing season, there was no significant difference in CER of grazed pastures versus exclosures. However, there were seasonal differences in CER, which varied over the 3 years. Differences in CER between grazed pastures and exclosures were not related to GVI, which rarely differed between treatments. Grazing treatment differences in CER were driven by climate variability and species composition differences resulting from long-term grazing and exclusion from grazing. Exclosures had more cool-season (C sub(3)) grasses and forbs than grazed plots, which contained more warm-season (C sub(4)) grasses (primarily Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag. Ex Steud.). The somewhat unique, cool spring of 1995 was favorable to cool-season plant metabolism and resulted in higher CER in exclosures compared with grazed pastures. Warm, dry conditions in spring of 1996 favored warm-season species, resulting in higher CER in the heavily-grazed pasture. In 1997, there was little difference in CER between grazed pastures and exclosures. There were very few sampling dates when SRR was different in grazed pastures and exclosures. This study suggests that these intensities of cattle grazing do not alter the photosynthetic and soil respiration components of the carbon cycle of the US shortgrass prairie. It appears that cattle grazing can be a sustainable component of managing this ecosystem for maximum global carbon sequestration. JF - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment AU - LeCain AU - Morgan, JA AU - Schuman, GE AU - Reeder, J D AU - Hart, R H AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Crops Research Laboratory, 1701 Center Ave., Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA, lecain@lamar.colostate.edu Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 421 EP - 435 VL - 93 IS - 1-3 SN - 0167-8809, 0167-8809 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04115:Temperate grasslands UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18629374?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Carbon+exchange+and+species+composition+of+grazed+pastures+and+exclosures+in+the+shortgrass+steppe+of+Colorado&rft.au=LeCain%3BMorgan%2C+JA%3BSchuman%2C+GE%3BReeder%2C+J+D%3BHart%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=LeCain&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=421&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01678809&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cytopathic effects observed upon expression of a repressed collagenase gene present in Salmonella and related pathogens: mimicry of a cytotoxin from multiple antibiotic-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium phagetype DT104 AN - 18622322; 5539666 AB - Recently, we reported that certain strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium phagetype DT104 (DT104) secrete a putative cytotoxin. While searching for the gene that encodes this toxin, we noted a previously reported but uncharacterized DNA fragment (clg) in Salmonella that could be potentially relevant to cytotoxin-like activity. Therefore, we cloned and expressed clg in cytotoxin-negative Escherichia coli and Salmonella and subsequently assessed the bioactivity of Clg in vitro and in vivo. Lysates containing Clg from both expression hosts exerted cytopathic effects on murine enterocytes while semi-purified Clg was determined to be cytopathic to HEp-2 cells. Sequence and RT-PCR analyses of the clg gene indicated that a homologue of clg exists in different Gram-negative bacteria although the gene is not expressed in vitro. Although Clg-mediated lesions are similar to those mediated by the DT104 cytotoxin, further investigations are necessary to examine the relationship between these two proteins in DT104. Nonetheless, we report here a defined Salmonella protein that is capable of inflicting damage on tissue culture cells and murine enterocytes. Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd JF - Microbial Pathogenesis AU - Wu, M AU - Carlson, S AU - Meyerholz, D AD - Preharvest Food Safety and Enteric Disease Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA, 50010, U.S.A., scarlson@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 279 EP - 287 PB - Academic Press VL - 33 IS - 6 SN - 0882-4010, 0882-4010 KW - Clg protein KW - HEp-2 cells KW - clg gene KW - cloning KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02823:In vitro and in vivo effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18622322?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+Pathogenesis&rft.atitle=Cytopathic+effects+observed+upon+expression+of+a+repressed+collagenase+gene+present+in+Salmonella+and+related+pathogens%3A+mimicry+of+a+cytotoxin+from+multiple+antibiotic-resistant+Salmonella+enterica+serotype+Typhimurium+phagetype+DT104&rft.au=Wu%2C+M%3BCarlson%2C+S%3BMeyerholz%2C+D&rft.aulast=Wu&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbial+Pathogenesis&rft.issn=08824010&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fmpat.2002.0535 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/mpat.2002.0535 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution, Abundance and Habitat Use of American White Pelicans in the Delta Region of Mississippi and Along the Western Gulf of Mexico Coast AN - 18618987; 5533414 AB - Aerial surveys of American White Pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) were conducted over coastal Louisiana and the delta region of Mississippi on 1-2 days during December, February, and April each year from 1997 to 1999. Additional surveys were conducted in coastal Texas and Mexico during January 1998 and 1999. The numbers, location, and habitat of all pelicans observed were recorded. The coastal zone of Louisiana consistently had higher numbers of pelicans (18,000 to 35,000 birds) than other areas surveyed (3,000 to 8,000 birds), indicating that Louisiana may be the most important wintering area for American White Pelicans east of the Rocky Mountains. Among the four regions surveyed, the average size of pelican flocks was largest in Mississippi during January-February, particularly in 1999 (x = 245 birds/flock). Pelican numbers in Mississippi peaked in February but in Louisiana they were more variable. Pelicans in the delta region of Mississippi were found most often in fresh water and sand bar habitats during December, flooded field habitats during February, and catfish ponds in April. In Louisiana, pelicans used fresh, intermediate, and brackish marshes during December, but showed a preference for brackish and saline marshes in February and April. JF - Waterbirds AU - King, D T AU - Michot, T C AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Mississippi Field Station, P.O. Drawer 6099, Mississippi State University, MS 39762, USA, Tommy.King@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 410 EP - 416 VL - 25 IS - 4 SN - 1524-4695, 1524-4695 KW - American white pelican KW - seasonal variations KW - Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - ASW, USA, Louisiana KW - Marine birds KW - Overwintering KW - Ecological distribution KW - Abundance KW - ASW, USA, Louisiana, Mississippi Delta KW - Deltas KW - Habitat selection KW - Aerial surveys KW - ASW, USA, Mexico Gulf KW - ASW, USA, Texas KW - Coastal zone KW - Long-term records KW - ASW, Mexico KW - ASW, USA, Mississippi KW - Distribution records KW - Pelecanus erythrorhynchos KW - USA, Mississippi KW - Habitat utilization KW - Population structure KW - Population number KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Q1 08423:Behaviour UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18618987?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Waterbirds&rft.atitle=Distribution%2C+Abundance+and+Habitat+Use+of+American+White+Pelicans+in+the+Delta+Region+of+Mississippi+and+Along+the+Western+Gulf+of+Mexico+Coast&rft.au=King%2C+D+T%3BMichot%2C+T+C&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=410&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Waterbirds&rft.issn=15244695&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Long-term records; Coastal zone; Marine birds; Distribution records; Overwintering; Ecological distribution; Population structure; Deltas; Aerial surveys; Habitat selection; Population number; Abundance; Habitat utilization; Pelecanus erythrorhynchos; ASW, USA, Mexico Gulf; ASW, USA, Texas; ASW, USA, Louisiana; ASW, USA, Mississippi; ASW, Mexico; USA, Mississippi; ASW, USA, Louisiana, Mississippi Delta ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular Subtype Analyses of Campylobacter spp. from Arkansas and California Poultry Operations AN - 18616276; 5512867 AB - Campylobacter isolates from diverse samples within broiler production and processing environments were typed by using flaA short variable region DNA sequence analysis. Sixteen flocks from four different farms representing two broiler producers in Arkansas and California were analyzed. Fourteen of the flocks (87.5%) were Campylobacter-positive; two remained negative throughout the 6-week rearing period. In general, multiple clones were present within a flock. Additionally, clones found within a flock were also present on the final product, although the diversity of Campylobacter spp. on the final product appeared to be reduced relative to that observed within the flock. Comparison of clones between flocks on the same farm revealed that some clones of Campylobacter persisted in multiple flocks. Furthermore, some clones were identified across the two farms that were under the same management. In two sampling periods, environmental isolates were positive for Campylobacter prior to flock shedding. Environmental samples associated with five additional flocks were positive for Campylobacter concomitantly with recovery of Campylobacter from the birds. Analysis of the environmental isolates that were positive prior to flock shedding demonstrated that in some instances the environmental isolates possessed genotypes identical to those of isolates originating from the flock, while in other cases the environmental isolates possessed genotypes that were distantly related to isolates obtained from the flock. Analyses of environmental isolates that tested positive concurrently with the positive isolates from the flocks demonstrated varied results; in some instances the environmental isolates possessed genotypes identical to those of isolates originating from the flock, while in other cases the environmental isolates possessed genotypes that were distantly related to isolates obtained from the flock. These data suggest that the external environment may contribute to Campylobacter contamination during poultry production and processing. However, environmental contamination with Campylobacter does not appear to be the sole contributing factor. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Hiett, K L AU - Stern, N J AU - Fedorka-Cray, P AU - Cox, NA AU - Musgrove, M T AU - Ladely, S AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Poultry Microbiological Safety Research Unit, Russell Research Center, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30604-5677, khiett@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 6220 EP - 6236 VL - 68 IS - 12 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - poultry KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18616276?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Molecular+Subtype+Analyses+of+Campylobacter+spp.+from+Arkansas+and+California+Poultry+Operations&rft.au=Hiett%2C+K+L%3BStern%2C+N+J%3BFedorka-Cray%2C+P%3BCox%2C+NA%3BMusgrove%2C+M+T%3BLadely%2C+S&rft.aulast=Hiett&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=6220&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.68.12.6220-6236.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.12.6220-6236.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Consensus and comprehensive linkage maps of bovine chromosome 24 AN - 18614727; 5536894 AB - This study describes development of a consensus genetic linkage map of bovine chromosome 24 (BTA24). Eight participating laboratories contributed data for 58 unique markers including a total of 25 409 meioses. Eighteen markers, which were typed in more than one reference population, were used as potential anchors to generate a consensus framework map. The framework map contained 16 loci ordered with odds greater than 1000:1 and spanned 79.3 cM. Remaining markers were included in a comprehensive map relative to these anchors. The resulting BTA24 comprehensive map was 98.3 cM in length. Average marker intervals were 6.1 and 2.5 cM for framework and comprehensive maps, respectively. Marker order was generally consistent with previously reported BTA24 linkage maps. Only one discrepancy was found when comparing the comprehensive map with the published USDA-MARC linkage map. Integration of genetic information from different maps provides a high-resolution BTA24 linkage map. JF - Animal Genetics AU - Kurar, E AU - Barendse, W AU - Bottema, C D AU - Davis, S AU - Foester, M AU - Kalm, E AU - Kappes, S M AU - Kister, A AU - Lewin, HA AU - Klungland, H AU - Medjugorac, I AU - Olsaker, I AU - Pitchford, W S AU - Schmutz, S M AU - Taylor, J AU - Thomsen, H AU - Kirkpatrick, B W AD - Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA., CSIRO Molecular Animal Genetics Center, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia, Department of Animal Science, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, Australia, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA, Institut fuer Tierzucht der Ludwing-Maximilians-Universitaet, 80539 Muenchen, Germany, Institut fuer Tierzucht und Tierhaltung der Christian-Albrechts-Universitaet zu Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Str. 624118 Kiel, Germany, USDA, ARS, NPS, Beltsville, MD, USA, The University of Illinois Biotechnology Center, 206 A Edward R. Madigan Laboratory, Urbana, IL, USA, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 460 EP - 463 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 33 IS - 6 SN - 0268-9146, 0268-9146 KW - True cattle KW - cattle KW - chromosome 24 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - G 07413:Domestic animals (cattle) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 350:Bioinformatics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18614727?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Animal+Genetics&rft.atitle=Consensus+and+comprehensive+linkage+maps+of+bovine+chromosome+24&rft.au=Kurar%2C+E%3BBarendse%2C+W%3BBottema%2C+C+D%3BDavis%2C+S%3BFoester%2C+M%3BKalm%2C+E%3BKappes%2C+S+M%3BKister%2C+A%3BLewin%2C+HA%3BKlungland%2C+H%3BMedjugorac%2C+I%3BOlsaker%2C+I%3BPitchford%2C+W+S%3BSchmutz%2C+S+M%3BTaylor%2C+J%3BThomsen%2C+H%3BKirkpatrick%2C+B+W&rft.aulast=Kurar&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=460&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Animal+Genetics&rft.issn=02689146&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2052.2002.00909.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2052.2002.00909.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aflatoxin biosynthesis AN - 17958255; 5902027 AB - Aflatoxins are toxic and extremely carcinogenic natural secondary metabolites produced primarily by the fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. The biosynthesis of aflatoxins is a complex process involving multi-enzymatic reactions. Genetic studies of the molecular mechanism of aflatoxin B sub(1) biosynthesis have identified an aflatoxin pathway gene cluster of 70 kilobase pairs in length consisting of at least 24 identified structural genes including a positive regulatory gene as transcription activator. The structural genes encode cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, dehydrogenases, oxidases, methyltransferases, a polyketide synthase and two unique fatty acid synthases. The aflatoxin biosynthesis and its genetic regulation are discussed in this review. The current knowledge of the relationship between fungal development and secondary metabolism is also summarized. JF - Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia AU - Yu, J AU - Bhatnagar, D AU - Ehrlich, K C AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, jiuyu@srrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 191 EP - 200 VL - 19 IS - 4 SN - 1130-1406, 1130-1406 KW - Oxidase KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase KW - Polyketide synthase KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - Methyltransferase KW - Genotyping KW - Transcription factors KW - Aflatoxins KW - dehydrogenase KW - Aspergillus parasiticus KW - Fatty-acid synthase KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17958255?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revista+Iberoamericana+De+Micologia&rft.atitle=Aflatoxin+biosynthesis&rft.au=Yu%2C+J%3BBhatnagar%2C+D%3BEhrlich%2C+K+C&rft.aulast=Yu&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Revista+Iberoamericana+De+Micologia&rft.issn=11301406&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Polyketide synthase; Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase; Methyltransferase; Transcription factors; Genotyping; Aflatoxins; dehydrogenase; Fatty-acid synthase; Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus parasiticus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water Transfer from Soil to Seed: The Role of Vapor Transport AN - 17686073; 5933968 AB - Mixed solid-water-gas media such as soil can supply water to a dry object as both liquid and vapor. Modelers and agricultural engineers have commonly assumed liquid transport dominates imbibition by seed. This study tests the hypothesis that vapor is the major source of water for imbibition under normal soil moisture conditions. Water uptake was measured under varying degrees of seed-soil contact. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds were suspended in holes in blocks of moist soil (average water potential -0.16 MPa). Hole diameter varied from 13 to 0 mm (no hole), so that the distance between the moist soil and the seed varied from a maximum of 5 mm to intimate seed-soil contact. The amount of water absorbed by seed in 24 h increased from 15 to 17 mg seed super(-1) as seed-soil contact increased from none to maximum contact, indicating that at least 85% of the water absorbed by seed in intimate seed-soil contact could be attributed to vapor alone. Reevaluation of the role of vapor transport should result in improved multiphase transport models in soil and other media. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Wuest, S B AD - USDA-ARS, Columbia Plateau Conservation Research Center, P.O. Box 370, Pendleton, OR 97801, USA, stewart.wuest@oregonstate.edu Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 1760 EP - 1763 VL - 66 IS - 6 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17686073?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Water+Transfer+from+Soil+to+Seed%3A+The+Role+of+Vapor+Transport&rft.au=Wuest%2C+S+B&rft.aulast=Wuest&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1760&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydraulic and Physical Properties of Stony Soils in a Small Watershed AN - 17685095; 5933975 AB - The presence of rock fragments in soil layers can have a profound impact on measured hydraulic properties. Variation of surface soil hydraulic properties influences the amount, distribution, and routing of overland flow. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of rock fragments and soil texture on infiltration, hydraulic conductivity, and related physical properties in soils of a small watershed in northwestern Arkansas. Single-ring and tension infiltrometer measurements at three pressure heads (h = -0.03, -0.06, and -0.12 m) were completed on the surface soil layer at 42 sites along three transects crossing the watershed. Upland (Nixa, loamy-skeletal, siliceous, active, mesic Glossic Fragiudults) and side slope (Clarksville, loamy-skeletal, siliceous, semiactive, mesic Typic Paleudults) soils had significantly less rock fragments, lower infiltration rates (i), and lower hydraulic conductivities (K) at and near saturation compared with the valley bottom soil (Razort, fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Mollic Hapludalfs). Average infiltration rate at h = -0.03 m for all soils was only 9% of the ponded value suggesting that pores >1 mm in diameter dominated water flow under saturated conditions. At saturation, hydraulic properties tended to increase with rock fragment content while, at h = -0.12, the opposite was true. It is hypothesized that the source of rock fragments (weathering in place vs. colluvial and alluvial origin) and contact with the surrounding fine-earth fraction influence water flow by affecting hydraulic continuity near fragment surfaces. These relatively subtle morphological factors may have a disproportionate impact on water flow under near-saturation conditions in these soils. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Sauer, T J AU - Logsdon, S D AD - USDA-ARS, National Soil Tilth Lab., 2150 Pammel Drive, Ames, IA 50011-4420, USA, sauer@nstl.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 1947 EP - 1956 VL - 66 IS - 6 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 6050:Rock mechanics and geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17685095?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Hydraulic+and+Physical+Properties+of+Stony+Soils+in+a+Small+Watershed&rft.au=Sauer%2C+T+J%3BLogsdon%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Sauer&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1947&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transport of phenolic compounds from leaf surface of creosotebush and tarbush to soil surface by precipitation AN - 17676085; 5567187 AB - During the last 100 years, many desert grasslands have been replaced by shrublands. One possible mechanism by which shrubs outcompete grasses is through the release of compounds that interfere with neighboring plants. Our objective was to examine the movement of secondary compounds from the leaf surface of creosotebush and tarbush to surrounding soil surfaces via precipitation. Units consisting of a funnel and bottle were used to collect stemflow, throughfall, and interspace precipitation samples from 20 creosotebush (two morphotypes) and 10 tarbush plants during three summer rainfall events in 1998. Precipitation samples were analyzed for total phenolics (both species) and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (creosotebush only). Phenolics were detected in throughfall and stemflow of both species with stemflow containing greater concentrations than throughfall (0.088 and 0.086 mg/ml for stemflow and 0.022 and 0.014 mg/ml for throughfall in creosotebush morphotypes U and V, respectively; 0.044 and 0.006 mg/ml for tarbush stemflow and throughfall, respectively). Nordihydroguaiaretic acid was not found in any precipitation collections. The results show that phenolic compounds produced by creosotebush and tarbush can be transported to the soil surface by precipitation, but whether concentrations are ecologically significant is uncertain. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid was not present in the runoff from creosotebush. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Hyder, P W AU - Fredrickson, EL AU - Estell, R E AU - Lucero, ME AD - USDA/ARS, Jornada Experimental Range, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA, efredric@nmsu.edu Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 2475 EP - 2482 VL - 28 IS - 12 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04110:Grasslands UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17676085?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Transport+of+phenolic+compounds+from+leaf+surface+of+creosotebush+and+tarbush+to+soil+surface+by+precipitation&rft.au=Hyder%2C+P+W%3BFredrickson%2C+EL%3BEstell%2C+R+E%3BLucero%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Hyder&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2475&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutual Interference of Pheromone Traps Within Trap Lines on Captures of Boll Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) AN - 17313641; 5974811 AB - Traps baited with the synthetic aggregation pheromone of the boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis Boheman) are often used to monitor population fluctuations, distribution, and behavior. However, many factors generate variability in daily captures, making interpretation of trapping data difficult. Previous studies have shown that wind speed in the microenvironment around a trap can greatly affect numbers captured on a given day. It is possible that variation in air movement may also generate variation in trap captures through its effects on the pheromone plume. The current study was conducted to determine whether five traps placed in a line at two commonly used spacings (15 and 20 m) interfere with one another. There was no evidence for interference on days when winds struck the trap line at a nearly perpendicular angle. However, for both spacings, there were significant and substantial effects of relative trap placement within a line on days when winds struck it at an angle (>22.5 degree ) away from the perpendicular. The largest and most consistent effect was that the trap furthest upwind in the line captured the most weevils, especially on days of moderate wind speeds (10-20 km/h). The upwind trap captured 1.5-2.0 times as many weevils as the next trap in the line, which usually had the lowest percentage of capture of any of the traps. Until the minimum adequate spacing has been established, traps should be placed at least 30 m apart in experiments in which such biases can adversly affect interpretation of results. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Sappington, T W AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Integrated Farming & Natural Resources Research Unit, 2413 E. Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 1128 EP - 1134 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 31 IS - 6 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05100:General KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17313641?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Mutual+Interference+of+Pheromone+Traps+Within+Trap+Lines+on+Captures+of+Boll+Weevils+%28Coleoptera%3A+Curculionidae%29&rft.au=Sappington%2C+T+W&rft.aulast=Sappington&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1128&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282002%290312.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0046-225X&volume=31&page=1128 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2002)031<1128:MIOPTW>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Critical Weights of Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Larvae in Relation to Square Desiccation and Natural Mortality AN - 17304018; 5974791 AB - Starvation of immature boll weevils resulting from square desiccation is considered a major determinant of natural mortality. However, the critical weight below which a larva cannot complete development without further feeding has not been determined. Critical weights of second and third instars were investigated using food-removal techniques, and the age and size distributions of larvae in newly abscised squares were estimated from field collections. Second instars examined averaged 3.22 mg in weight and ranged from 0.23 to 5.55 mg. About 80% of second instars weighing aY1.67 mg molted, but none pupated. The estimated critical weight for 50% of unfed second instars to survive to third instar was 2.49 mg. Third instars examined averaged 14.64 mg in weight and ranged from 1.81 to 34.43 mg. About 64% of third instars weighing aY5.29 mg developed into adults, ranging in weight from 1.61 to 21.49 mg and averaging 10.44 mg. Estimated critical weights for 50% of unfed third instars to survive to the pupal and adult stages were 6.63 and 8.89 mg, respectively. The estimated critical weight for 50% of pupae to survive to adulthood was 4.52 mg. Larvae collected from newly abscised squares were predominantly second (56%) and third instars (39%). Furthermore, an estimated 19% of all larvae collected were capable of development to adulthood without further feeding. In light of the rapid rate of larval growth and development, our results suggest that square desiccation sufficient to deter feeding by larvae must occur within 1-3 d of square abscission to produce a high proportion of starvation-induced mortality. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Reardon, B J AU - Spurgeon, D W Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 972 EP - 976 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 31 IS - 6 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05100:General KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17304018?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Critical+Weights+of+Boll+Weevil+%28Coleoptera%3A+Curculionidae%29+Larvae+in+Relation+to+Square+Desiccation+and+Natural+Mortality&rft.au=Reardon%2C+B+J%3BSpurgeon%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Reardon&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=972&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282002%290312.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0046-225X&volume=31&page=972 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2002)031<0972:CWOBWC>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Incidence of Parasitoids and Parasitism of Bemisia Tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in Numerous Crops AN - 17301190; 5974799 AB - Understanding the relationship of parasitoids with their insect hosts and crop plants is needed to develop good management strategies for Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), a whitefly pest. The abundance and establishment of parasitoids of B. tabaci B-biotype were tested with taxonomically diverse plants in the greenhouse (7 plant species) and in the field (16 plant species in Egypt). Greenhouse tests were conducted on plants free of whitefly nymphs to avoid this influence on parasitoid behavior, and field tests were conducted in crops with feral populations of B. tabaci. In the greenhouse, the parasitoid, Encarsia pergandiella Howard, was most abundant on Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walpers, followed by Gossypium hirsutum L. The propensity for this parasitoid to forage on the bottom leaf surface compared with the top surface varied among crops (45-90% were on the bottom leaf surface) and over time (a50% were on the bottom leaf surface around sunrise, whereas a90% were on the bottom surface by mid-day). Inundative releases of laboratory-reared parasitoids, Eretmocerus mundus (Mercet), into field crops increased parasitization rates in all crops tested. Some crops (e.g., two Brassica species and V. unguiculata) were more conducive to parasitism of B. tabaci than other crops (e.g., Cucumis sativus L. and Lycopersicon esculentum Miller). Findings from this research may be useful in the enhancement and conservation of parasitoids of Bemisia. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Simmons, A M AU - Abd-Rabou, S AU - McCutcheon, G S AD - U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 2875 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 1030 EP - 1036 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 31 IS - 6 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17301190?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Incidence+of+Parasitoids+and+Parasitism+of+Bemisia+Tabaci+%28Homoptera%3A+Aleyrodidae%29+in+Numerous+Crops&rft.au=Simmons%2C+A+M%3BAbd-Rabou%2C+S%3BMcCutcheon%2C+G+S&rft.aulast=Simmons&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1030&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282002%290312.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0046-225X&volume=31&page=1030 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2002)031<1030:IOPAPO>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carbon and nutrient cycles AN - 17289257; 5561359 AB - Soil erosion and off-site transport of nutrients are reducing soil productivity and impacting water bodies across the world. Additionally, anthropogenic activities are increasing the atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO sub(2)), methane (CH sub(4)), nitrous oxide (N sub(2)O), and nitric oxide (NO) that contribute to global warming. We want to present the concept that nutrient management plans should incorporate soil organic carbon (SOC) management to reduce soil erosion, cycle macro- and micronutrients, increase nutrient use efficiency, and conserve air, soil, and water quality. Plant-derived materials are the primary source of carbon (C) in soil organic matter (SOM), with C being the most abundant constituent and common partner of nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and sulfur (S). Manures, compost, and other organic sources can help cycle organic C and other nutrients. Organic C can contribute to forming chelate compounds that increase the availability of essential micronutrients that interchange with the root surface. Management practices that increase C inputs, help reduce erosion, and increase SOC improve soil quality factors such as cation exchange capacity, water holding capacity, aggregate formation, porosity, and drainage. Carbon management and nutrient cycling should be an integral part of nutrient management plans for maintaining the sustainability of our biosphere. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Delgado, JA AU - Follett, R F AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Soil-Plant-Nutrient Research Unit, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 455 EP - 463 VL - 57 IS - 6 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Manure KW - Cycling Nutrients KW - Organic carbon KW - Sustainable development KW - Soil erosion KW - Biosphere KW - Water quality KW - Nutrient cycles KW - Carbon KW - Water Quality Management KW - Soil Properties KW - Drainage KW - Carbon cycle KW - Global Warming KW - Soil Organic Matter KW - Erosion KW - Agricultural Practices KW - Nature conservation KW - Soil conservation KW - Global warming KW - Soil Erosion KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Carbon Dioxide KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - M2 551.588:Environmental Influences (551.588) KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17289257?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Carbon+and+nutrient+cycles&rft.au=Delgado%2C+JA%3BFollett%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Delgado&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=455&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Erosion; Drainage; Global warming; Biosphere; Soil erosion; Carbon dioxide; Organic carbon; Nature conservation; Carbon cycle; Soil conservation; Sustainable development; Water quality; Nutrient cycles; Manure; Carbon; Cycling Nutrients; Agricultural Practices; Water Quality Management; Soil Properties; Soil Erosion; Soil Organic Matter; Global Warming; Carbon Dioxide ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measuring Positive, Negative, and Null Impacts of Forest Disturbances: A Case Study Using Dwarf Mistletoe on Douglas Fir AN - 17277118; 5854191 AB - Not all disease activity causes an impact. Not all impacts are negative. The aim of this study was to examine a method that could conceptually specify when impacts occur and that could quantify both negative and positive disease impacts. For this study, dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium douglasi) of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) in southwestern Oregon was used as a case study. The method uses six variables for forest growth, mortality, and stand structure, and six categorical disease severity scores. The impact model displays stands as points in multidimensional scaling space, where relative position is determined by values of the six stand variables. Positions in this two-dimensional space change when stand characteristics change. Differences associated with disease severity could be traced as trajectories, and impact was quantified using the length and direction of these trajectories. This multivariate impact assessment method was contrasted to impact assessments based on single variables. Methods based on multiple variables offer a useful way of characterizing impact on multiple objectives. The model indicates that dwarf mistletoe has positive, negative, and neutral impacts and that these could be illustrated and quantified using this method. JF - Environmental Management AU - Lundquist, JE AU - Goheen, E M AU - Goheen, D J AD - USDA Forest Service, 240 West Prospect Rd., Fort Collins, Colorado 80526, USA Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 793 EP - 800 PB - Springer-Verlag, Life Science Journals VL - 30 IS - 6 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Douglas-fir KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - Parasites KW - Growth KW - Arceuthobium douglasi KW - Pseudotsuga menziesii KW - USA, Oregon KW - Methodology KW - D 04001:Methodology - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17277118?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Measuring+Positive%2C+Negative%2C+and+Null+Impacts+of+Forest+Disturbances%3A+A+Case+Study+Using+Dwarf+Mistletoe+on+Douglas+Fir&rft.au=Lundquist%2C+JE%3BGoheen%2C+E+M%3BGoheen%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Lundquist&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=793&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-002-2756-x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Parasites; Forest management; Growth; Methodology; Arceuthobium douglasi; Pseudotsuga menziesii; USA, Oregon DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-002-2756-x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modifying FHANTM 2.0 to Estimate Phosphorus Concentrations in Runoff from Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain Soils AN - 16186184; 5933976 AB - Phosphorus lost from agricultural soils has been identified as a nonpoint source pollutant of surface waters in Delaware and throughout the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain. The Field Hydrologic and Nutrient Transport Model (FHANTM) 2.0 can help identify areas with a high potential for P loss, but the method used to estimate P concentrations in runoff waters needs reevaluation. The equation P sub(d) = KP sub(o)t super( alpha )W super( beta ) has been proposed to predict P desorption from soil to runoff. To test this equation for use in Delaware and the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain, we conducted rainfall simulations for 14 Delaware and Maryland soils packed into 5 by 20 by 100 cm boxes at a rainfall intensity of 7.5 cm h super(-1) and a slope of 5% for 30 min. We collected all runoff and measured an average soluble P concentration in runoff for the entire simulation. We predicted P concentrations using the above equation and compared them with measured values. Predicted values were well correlated to measured values (r super(2) = 0.78), but P concentrations were overpredicted by an average of 20 times. After we added a calibration factor to the equation based on the amount of sediment lost in runoff during the rainfall simulation, measured and predicted soluble P concentrations exhibited a nearly 1:1 relationship. Results suggest that eroded sediment in runoff may resorb P from the runoff solution, causing the desorption equation to overpredict soluble P concentrations in runoff. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Vadas, P A AU - Sims, J T AU - Leytem, AB AU - Penn, C J AD - USDA-ARS-ANRI-AMBL, B-163F Rm. 5, BARC-East, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, pvadas@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 1974 EP - 1980 VL - 66 IS - 6 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Coastal Plains KW - Surface water KW - Phosphorus KW - Nutrients KW - Surface Water KW - Soil KW - Hydrologic Models KW - Calibrations KW - Sediment Contamination KW - Hydrology KW - USA, Maryland KW - Rainfall Intensity KW - Testing Procedures KW - Desorption KW - Rainfall-runoff Relationships KW - Nonpoint Pollution Sources KW - Nonpoint pollution KW - Coastal waters KW - Runoff KW - USA, Delaware KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16186184?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Modifying+FHANTM+2.0+to+Estimate+Phosphorus+Concentrations+in+Runoff+from+Mid-Atlantic+Coastal+Plain+Soils&rft.au=Vadas%2C+P+A%3BSims%2C+J+T%3BLeytem%2C+AB%3BPenn%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Vadas&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1974&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Agriculture; Surface water; Phosphorus; Hydrology; Coastal waters; Nonpoint pollution; Runoff; Testing Procedures; Desorption; Coastal Plains; Rainfall-runoff Relationships; Nonpoint Pollution Sources; Nutrients; Surface Water; Hydrologic Models; Calibrations; Sediment Contamination; Rainfall Intensity; USA, Maryland; USA, Delaware ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measuring Water-Extractable Phosphorus in Manure as an Indicator of Phosphorus in Runoff AN - 16185658; 5933977 AB - Water-extractable P (WEP) in manure is correlated with P concentration in runoff from soils amended with manure and is, thus, an effective indicator of environmental P loss. This study sought to elucidate methodological factors affecting WEP measurement in manure and to quantify errors related to two established methods of manure WEP measurement. Dairy cow (Bos taurus) manure, poultry (Gallus gallus domestica L.) (layer) manure, and swine (Sus scrofa domestica L.) slurry were used. Varying dry matter/distilled water ratios (1 to 20:200) revealed that greater dilution of manure dry matter increased WEP (mean 1.8-5.4 g kg super(-1)), likely because of the dissolution of calcium phosphates. Increasing shaking time from 1 min to 24 h, increased manure WEP concentration (average 3.7-8.2 g kg super(-1)). Filtration with Whatman 1 paper filters resulted in significantly higher WEP measurements in dairy and poultry manure (4.1 g kg super(-1)) than with a 0.45- mu m filtration (3.7 g kg super(-1)). No significant difference was observed in the swine slurry. A rainfall-runoff experiment using simulated rainfall was conducted to determine the effect of the individual factors on predicting dissolved-reactive P (DRP) concentration in runoff. Comparison of regression coefficients relating manure WEP to runoff DRP concentration revealed an optimum shaking time between 30 min and 2 h, but did not support any single manure/distilled water ratio or filtration method. Replication of two established methods of manure WEP measurement resulted in coefficients of variation of 0.01 to 0.12. Results of this study support the use of a single method with a fixed manure/distilled water ratio for liquid and dry manures. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Kleinman, PJA AU - Sharpley, AN AU - Wolf, A M AU - Beegle, D B AU - Moore, PA Jr AD - USDA-ARS, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, Curtin Road, University Park, PA 16802, USA, pjk9@psu.edu Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 2009 EP - 2015 VL - 66 IS - 6 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agricultural Runoff KW - Poultry KW - Manure KW - Calcium KW - Phosphorus KW - Indicators KW - Distilled Water KW - Slurries KW - Dry Matter KW - Nonpoint Pollution Sources KW - Simulated Rainfall KW - Filtration KW - Phosphates KW - Wastewater Disposal KW - Runoff KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16185658?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Measuring+Water-Extractable+Phosphorus+in+Manure+as+an+Indicator+of+Phosphorus+in+Runoff&rft.au=Kleinman%2C+PJA%3BSharpley%2C+AN%3BWolf%2C+A+M%3BBeegle%2C+D+B%3BMoore%2C+PA+Jr&rft.aulast=Kleinman&rft.aufirst=PJA&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2009&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dry Matter; Poultry; Agricultural Runoff; Calcium; Manure; Indicators; Phosphorus; Nonpoint Pollution Sources; Simulated Rainfall; Distilled Water; Filtration; Phosphates; Slurries; Wastewater Disposal; Runoff ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Mineral and Manure Phosphorus Sources on Runoff Phosphorus AN - 16173263; 5803093 AB - Concern over nonpoint-source phosphorus (P) losses from agricultural lands to surface waters has resulted in scrutiny of factors affecting P loss potential. A rainfall simulation study was conducted to quantify the effects of alternative P sources (dairy manure, poultry manure, swine slurry, and diammonium phosphate), application methods, and initial soil P concentrations on runoff P losses from three acidic soils (Buchanan-Hartleton, Hagerstown, and Lewbeach). Low P (12 to 26 mg kg super(-1) Mehlich-3 P) and high P (396 to 415 mg kg super(-1) Mehlich-3 P) members of each soil were amended with 100 kg total P ha super(-1) from each of the four P sources either by surface application or mixing, and subjected to simulated rainfall (70 mm h super(-1) to produce 30 min runoff). Phosphorus losses from fertilizer and manure applied to the soil surface differed significantly by source, with dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) accounting for 64% of total phosphorus (TP) (versus 9% for the unamended soils). For manure amended soils, these losses were linearly related to water-soluble P concentration of manure (r super(2) = 0.86 for DRP, r super(2) = 0.78 for TP). Mixing the P sources into the soil significantly decreased P losses relative to surface P application, such that DRP losses from amended, mixed soils were not significantly different from the unamended soil. Results of this study can be applied to site assessment indices to quantify the potential for P loss from recently manured soils. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Kleinman, PJA AU - Sharpley, AN AU - Moyer, B G AU - Elwinger, G F AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, Curtin Road, University Park, PA 16802-3702, USA, pjk9@psu.edu Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 2026 EP - 2033 VL - 31 IS - 6 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Poultry KW - Manure KW - Surface water KW - Agricultural pollution KW - Rainfall KW - Phosphorus KW - Soil KW - Fertilizers KW - Slurries KW - Agricultural runoff KW - Animal wastes KW - Nonpoint Pollution Sources KW - Simulation KW - Nonpoint pollution KW - Simulated Rainfall KW - Water pollution KW - Soil Surfaces KW - Phosphates KW - Acidic Soils KW - Minerals KW - Runoff KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16173263?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Mineral+and+Manure+Phosphorus+Sources+on+Runoff+Phosphorus&rft.au=Kleinman%2C+PJA%3BSharpley%2C+AN%3BMoyer%2C+B+G%3BElwinger%2C+G+F&rft.aulast=Kleinman&rft.aufirst=PJA&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2026&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fertilizers; Phosphorus; Agricultural runoff; Water pollution; Animal wastes; Manure; Surface water; Rainfall; Agricultural pollution; Simulation; Nonpoint pollution; Soil; Slurries; Minerals; Runoff; Poultry; Phosphates; Acidic Soils; Nonpoint Pollution Sources; Simulated Rainfall; Soil Surfaces ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Irrigation of Broccoli and Canola with Boron- and Selenium-Laden Effluent AN - 16171951; 5803081 AB - Selenium (Se), boron (B), and salinity contamination of agricultural drainage water is potentially hazardous for water reuse strategies in central California. To demonstrate the feasibility of using plants to extract Se from drainage water, Se accumulation was determined in canola (Brassica napus L.) and broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) irrigated with drainage effluent in the San Joaquin Valley, California. In the 2-yr field study, both crops were irrigated with a typical drainage water containing Se (150 mu g L super(-1)), B (5 mg L super(-1)), and a sulfate dominated salinity (EC of 7 dS m super(-1)). Total dry matter yields were at least 11 Mg ha super(-1) for both canola and broccoli, and plant tissue Se concentrations did not exceed 7 mg kg super(-1) DM for either crop. Based on the amount of soluble Se applied to crops with drainage water and the estimated amount of soluble Se remaining in soil to a depth of 90 cm at harvest, both canola and broccoli accumulated at least 40% of the estimated soluble Se lost from the soil for both years. Applied Se not accounted for in plant tissue or as soluble Se in the soil was presumably lost by biological volatilization. This study suggests that irrigating two high value crops such as canola and broccoli with Se-laden effluent helps manage Se-laden effluent requiring treatment, and also produces economically viable Se-enriched crops. Future research should focus on managing residual salt and B in the soil for sustaining long time water reuse strategies. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Banuelos, G S AD - USDA-ARS Water Management Research Lab., 9611 S. Riverbend Ave., Parlier, CA 93648, USA, gbanuelos@fresno.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 1802 EP - 1808 VL - 31 IS - 6 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Sulfates KW - Water Reuse KW - Plant Tissues KW - Contamination KW - USA, California, San Joaquin Valley KW - Crops KW - Selenium KW - Salinity KW - Water Depth KW - Dry Matter KW - Drainage KW - Wastewater Irrigation KW - Effluents KW - Boron KW - Drainage Water KW - Accumulation KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - AQ 00006:Sewage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16171951?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Irrigation+of+Broccoli+and+Canola+with+Boron-+and+Selenium-Laden+Effluent&rft.au=Banuelos%2C+G+S&rft.aulast=Banuelos&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1802&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sulfates; Plant Tissues; Water Reuse; Dry Matter; Contamination; Wastewater Irrigation; Drainage; Effluents; Boron; Crops; Selenium; Salinity; Water Depth; Drainage Water; Accumulation; USA, California, San Joaquin Valley ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of phosphorus-based nutrient management strategies in Pennsylvania AN - 16154592; 5561358 AB - Farm management and financial impacts of three phosphorus (P) nutrient management strategies outlined in the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) (1999) Unified Strategy for Animal Feeding Operations-soil test crop response (STCR), environmental soil P threshold (ESPT), and P Index (PI)-were evaluated on ten Pennsylvania farms. For each farm, a nutrient management plan (NMP) writer and project economist developed one nitrogen-based and three P-based NMPs and associated partial budgets. Greater management and financial restrictions occurred on high animal density (> 2 animal equivalent units ac super(-1)) and multiple production enterprise farms. Although NMPs for the PI were more expensive to develop, writers and farmers found it the most flexible and practical strategy. Variable P-based NMP impacts indicated the need for a strategy such as the PI that accounted for multiple farm management factors. First-year total NMP implementation costs (across all ten farms) were $61,690 for the STCR, $47,862 for the ESPT, and $45,380 for the PI. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Weld, J L AU - Parsons, R L AU - Beegle, D B AU - Sharpley, AN AU - Gburek, W J AU - Clouser, W R AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit (PSWMRU) in University Park, Pennsylvania, USA Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 448 EP - 454 VL - 57 IS - 6 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - USA, Pennsylvania KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Farms KW - Land Management KW - Agricultural Practices KW - Phosphorus KW - Nutrients KW - Cultivated Lands KW - Soil Properties KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16154592?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+phosphorus-based+nutrient+management+strategies+in+Pennsylvania&rft.au=Weld%2C+J+L%3BParsons%2C+R+L%3BBeegle%2C+D+B%3BSharpley%2C+AN%3BGburek%2C+W+J%3BClouser%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Weld&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=448&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Farms; Land Management; Agricultural Practices; Phosphorus; Nutrients; Soil Properties; Cultivated Lands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantifying phosphorus losses from the agricultural system AN - 16154556; 5561352 AB - Phosphorus is transferred from agricultural lands to water bodies dissolved in surface runoff, attached to eroded sediment, and leached through the soil profile. It is also removed from the agricultural system as a component of the harvested crop. While communicating with landowners and producers during the nutrient management planning process, it is important to emphasize the relative quantity of phosphorus losses via these mechanisms. This manuscript covers methods of assessing these losses. Field specific parameters such as runoff volume, erosion rate, soil test phosphorus, and crop phosphorus concentration need to be considered in relation to estimates of total P enrichment ratios, sediment delivery ratios, and soil sediment enrichment ratios. These estimates can be used to assess how best soil and water conservation practices and other techniques minimize off-site transport of phosphorus. These estimates of phosphorus field loss will contribute to a better understanding of nutrient application risks, wise land use decisions, and increased implementation of management practices. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Lemunyon, J L AU - Daniel, T C AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture-Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA-NRCS) in Fort Worth, Texas, USA Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 399 EP - 401 VL - 57 IS - 6 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Land Use KW - Agricultural Runoff KW - Leaching KW - Surface Runoff KW - Land Management KW - Phosphorus KW - Nutrients KW - Water Conservation KW - Soil erosion KW - Agricultural Chemicals KW - Soil Conservation KW - Cultivated Lands KW - Soil Erosion KW - Agricultural runoff KW - Environment management KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16154556?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Quantifying+phosphorus+losses+from+the+agricultural+system&rft.au=Lemunyon%2C+J+L%3BDaniel%2C+T+C&rft.aulast=Lemunyon&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=399&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Leaching; Phosphorus; Nutrients; Soil erosion; Environment management; Agricultural runoff; Land Use; Agricultural Runoff; Agricultural Chemicals; Land Management; Surface Runoff; Soil Conservation; Water Conservation; Cultivated Lands; Soil Erosion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrogen modeling for soil management AN - 16153930; 5561355 AB - Simulation models of the nitrogen (N) cycle have been used for well over 20 years to help estimate nitrate (NO sub(3)-N) leaching, soil residual NO sub(3)-N, fertilizer N requirements, soil organic N status, and gaseous N emissions associated with agriculture. These models have been coupled with simulations of other related processes such as water and solute transport, crop growth, soil chemistry, temperature regimes, and management to make more complete models of cropping systems. At the core of these tools have been databases for soils, climate, model coefficients, and field/farm/watershed management scenarios. This paper reviews the basic types of N models, modeling techniques, and required databases. The accuracy of N models along with their strengths and limitations are discussed in a management context. Tips are provided on initializing N constituent pools, on using N models in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) applications, on developing confidence bands for N model output, and on using web-based N models. Finally, methods are described to analyze simulated NO sub(3)-N leached, nitrous oxide (N sub(2)O) emissions, and N use efficiencies. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Shaffer, MJ AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service-Northern Plains Area (USDA-ARS-NPA) Great Plains Systems Research Unit in Fort Collins, Colorado, USA Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 417 EP - 424 VL - 57 IS - 6 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Land Management KW - Remote sensing KW - Crops KW - Soil KW - Efficiency KW - Fertilizers KW - Numerical models KW - Nitrous oxide KW - Nitrogen fertilization effects KW - farms KW - Nitrogen in soils KW - Soil properties KW - Geographic Information Systems (GIS) KW - Emissions KW - Watershed management KW - Soil Properties KW - Geographical Information Systems KW - Leaching KW - Nitrates KW - agriculture KW - Temperature KW - Simulation KW - Agrochemicals KW - Nitrogen budget KW - Reviews KW - Agricultural Practices KW - Soil management KW - Cultivated Lands KW - Geographic information systems KW - Nitrogen KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - M2 551.510.3/.4:Physical Properties/Composition (551.510.3/.4) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16153930?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Nitrogen+modeling+for+soil+management&rft.au=Shaffer%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Shaffer&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=417&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Nitrogen budget; Numerical models; Nitrogen fertilization effects; Geographic Information Systems (GIS); Soil properties; Nitrogen in soils; Leaching; Nitrates; Remote sensing; Temperature; agriculture; Simulation; Agrochemicals; Crops; Soil; Fertilizers; Efficiency; Nitrous oxide; farms; Reviews; Soil management; Emissions; Watershed management; Geographic information systems; Nitrogen; Land Management; Agricultural Practices; Cultivated Lands; Soil Properties; Geographical Information Systems ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrogen and phosphorus removal rates using small algal turfs grown with dairy manure AN - 16147233; 5571219 AB - Conservation and reuse of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from animal manure is increasingly important as producers try to minimize transport of these nutrients from farms. An alternative to land spreading is to grow crops of algae on the N and P present in the manure. The general goal of our research is to assess nutrient recovery from animal manure using attached algae. The specific objective of this study was to evaluate the use of small subsections of algal turfs for determining N and P removal rates by attached algae under different loading rates of dairy manure. Algae were grown in a laboratory-scale algal turf scrubber (ATS) operated by recycling wastewater and adding manure effluent daily. Replicate subsections (0.032 m super(2)) of algal turf screens were removed and treated with five different loadings of anaerobically digested dairy manure containing 5 to 80 mg L super(-1) NH sub(4)-N and 1 to 20 mg L super(-1) PO sub(4)-P over a 2-h incubation period. NH sub(4)-N removal rates were biphasic with a fast initial rate followed by a slower rate. Biphasic rates were more pronounced for the lowest loading rates but less so for the higher ones. PO sub(4)-P removal rates were linear throughout the incubation period for all loading rates. N and P removal rates increased with increasing loading rate and biomass. In incubations using 1% dairy manure NH sub(4)-N and PO sub(4)-P removal rates averaged 0.72 and 0.33 g m super(-2) d super(-1), respectively. These rates were approximately 5 to 8-fold lower than rates measured on laboratory-scale ATS units using undisturbed turfs. JF - Journal of Applied Phycology AU - Pizarro, C AU - Kebede-Westhead, E AU - Mulbry, W AD - Beltsville Agricultural Research Center-East, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Manure & By-products Laboratory, Building 306, Room 109, Beltsville, 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 469 EP - 473 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 14 IS - 6 SN - 0921-8971, 0921-8971 KW - algal turfs KW - dairy farms KW - removal KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Pollution Abstracts KW - Water Reuse KW - Phytobenthos KW - Biodegradation KW - Manure KW - Organic wastes KW - Agricultural pollution KW - Phosphorus KW - Incubation KW - Nutrients KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Phosphorus removal KW - Water pollution treatment KW - Algae KW - Biofilters KW - Animal wastes KW - Agricultural wastes KW - Biofiltration KW - Nitrogen removal KW - Dairies KW - Turf Grasses KW - Load Distribution KW - Conservation KW - Uptake KW - Pollution control KW - Nitrogen KW - P 3000:SEWAGE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT KW - AQ 00007:Industrial Effluents KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - Q1 08226:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - Q5 08505:Prevention and control KW - K 03098:Spoilage & biodegradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16147233?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Phycology&rft.atitle=Nitrogen+and+phosphorus+removal+rates+using+small+algal+turfs+grown+with+dairy+manure&rft.au=Pizarro%2C+C%3BKebede-Westhead%2C+E%3BMulbry%2C+W&rft.aulast=Pizarro&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=469&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Phycology&rft.issn=09218971&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phytobenthos; Biofilters; Manure; Organic wastes; Agricultural pollution; Water pollution treatment; Phosphorus; Uptake; Wastewater treatment; Nitrogen; Pollution control; Biodegradation; Algae; Biofiltration; Phosphorus removal; Nitrogen removal; Dairies; Animal wastes; Agricultural wastes; Water Reuse; Turf Grasses; Load Distribution; Conservation; Incubation; Nutrients ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Remote sensing in hydrology AN - 16146098; 5526492 AB - Remote sensing provides a means of observing hydrological state variables over large areas. The ones which we will consider in this paper are land surface temperature from thermal infrared data, surface soil moisture from passive microwave data, snow cover using both visible and microwave data, water quality using visible and near-infrared data and estimating landscape surface roughness using lidar. Methods for estimating the hydrometeorlogical fluxes, evapotranspiration and snowmelt runoff, using these state variables are also described. JF - Advances in Water Resources AU - Schmugge, T J AU - Kustas, W P AU - Ritchie, J C AU - Jackson, T J AU - Rango, A AD - USDA-ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, schmugge@hydrolab.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 1367 EP - 1385 VL - 25 IS - 8-12 SN - 0309-1708, 0309-1708 KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Remote Sensing KW - water quality KW - Remote sensing KW - Lidar KW - Water resources KW - Snow Cover KW - Hydrologic research KW - Soil Water KW - Water quality KW - Microwaves KW - Hydrologic Data Collections KW - Data Acquisition KW - Hydrology KW - Data Interpretation KW - Topography KW - Snow KW - Soil/water systems KW - Landscape KW - Water Quality KW - Temperature KW - Evapotranspiration KW - Snow cover KW - Remote sensing in hydrology KW - Surface roughness KW - Snowmelt KW - Soil moisture KW - Water quality (Natural waters) KW - Hydrologic observation techniques KW - Runoff KW - M2 556:General (556) KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 0810:General KW - Q2 09161:General KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes KW - M2 551.501:Methods of Observation/Computations (551.501) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16146098?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+Water+Resources&rft.atitle=Remote+sensing+in+hydrology&rft.au=Schmugge%2C+T+J%3BKustas%2C+W+P%3BRitchie%2C+J+C%3BJackson%2C+T+J%3BRango%2C+A&rft.aulast=Schmugge&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=8-12&rft.spage=1367&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+Water+Resources&rft.issn=03091708&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0309-1708%2802%2900065-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Microwaves; Snow; Surface roughness; Remote sensing; Hydrology; Water resources; Lidar; Water quality; Runoff; Hydrologic research; Remote sensing in hydrology; Hydrologic observation techniques; water quality; Landscape; Temperature; Snowmelt; Evapotranspiration; Soil moisture; Soil/water systems; Snow cover; Water quality (Natural waters); Topography; Remote Sensing; Hydrologic Data Collections; Data Acquisition; Water Quality; Snow Cover; Soil Water; Data Interpretation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1708(02)00065-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparing five modelling techniques for predicting forest characteristics AN - 18613522; 5524167 AB - Broad-scale maps of forest characteristics are needed throughout the United States for a wide variety of forest land management applications. Inexpensive maps can be produced by modelling forest class and structure variables collected in nationwide forest inventories as functions of satellite-based information. But little work has been directed at comparing modelling techniques to determine which tools are best suited to mapping tasks given multiple objectives and logistical constraints. Consequently, five modelling techniques were compared for mapping forest characteristics in the Interior Western United States. The modelling techniques included linear models (LMs), generalized additive models (GAMs), classification and regression trees (CARTs), multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), and artificial neural networks (ANNs). Models were built for two discrete and four continuous forest response variables using a variety of satellite-based predictor variables within each of five ecologically different regions. All techniques proved themselves workable in an automated environment. When their potential mapping ability was explored through simulations, tremendous advantages were seen in use of MARS and ANN for prediction over LMs, GAMs, and CART. However, much smaller differences were seen when using real data. In some instances, a simple linear approach worked virtually as well as the more complex models, while small gains were seen using more complex models in other instances. In real data runs, MARS and GAMS performed (marginally) best for prediction of forest characteristics. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Moisen, G G AU - Frescino, T S AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 507 25th Street, Ogden, UT 84401, USA, gmoisen@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/11/30/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 30 SP - 209 EP - 225 VL - 157 IS - 2-3 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - artificial neural networks KW - classification and regression trees KW - generalized additive models KW - linear models KW - multivariate adaptive regression splines KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - W4 220:Environmental Modeling KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18613522?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=Comparing+five+modelling+techniques+for+predicting+forest+characteristics&rft.au=Moisen%2C+G+G%3BFrescino%2C+T+S&rft.aulast=Moisen&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-11-30&rft.volume=157&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=209&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Assessment of the conservation status of Sierra Nevada Red Fox, Pacific fisher, and American marten in the Sierra Nevada mountains and Modoc Plateau of California AN - 39736848; 3730242 AU - Macfarlane, D C Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39736848?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+the+conservation+status+of+Sierra+Nevada+Red+Fox%2C+Pacific+fisher%2C+and+American+marten+in+the+Sierra+Nevada+mountains+and+Modoc+Plateau+of+California&rft.au=Macfarlane%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Macfarlane&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Defenders of Wildlife, National Headquarters, 1101 14th Street, NW #1400, Washington, DC 20005, USA; phone: 202-682-9400; email: info@defenders.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Wolverine conservation: An integrated approach AN - 39720906; 3730069 AU - Claar, J J AU - Ruggiero, L AU - McKelvey, K AU - Copeland, J AU - Bosch, M Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39720906?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Wolverine+conservation%3A+An+integrated+approach&rft.au=Claar%2C+J+J%3BRuggiero%2C+L%3BMcKelvey%2C+K%3BCopeland%2C+J%3BBosch%2C+M&rft.aulast=Claar&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Defenders of Wildlife, National Headquarters, 1101 14th Street, NW #1400, Washington, DC 20005, USA; phone: 202-682-9400; email: info@defenders.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Ecological cycles and the sustainable management of tropical forests AN - 39719354; 3717061 AU - Scatena, F N Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39719354?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Ecological+cycles+and+the+sustainable+management+of+tropical+forests&rft.au=Scatena%2C+F+N&rft.aulast=Scatena&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, ATTN: ATB2002, Unit 0948, APO Miami 34002-0948, USA; phone: 507-212-8115; fax: 507-212-8148; email: ATB2002@tivoli.si.edu; URL: www.stri.org/atb2002/ N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Spectroscopic methods for determining the oxidation of biodiesel fuel AN - 39674030; 3714239 AU - Knothe, G Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39674030?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Spectroscopic+methods+for+determining+the+oxidation+of+biodiesel+fuel&rft.au=Knothe%2C+G&rft.aulast=Knothe&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: University of Idaho, Dept. of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, E/P 421, Moscow, Idaho 83844, USA; phone: 208-885-7906; fax: 208-885-7908; email: peterson@uidaho.edu. Paper No. 2121 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Efficacy of lures and hair snares to detect wolverine AN - 39644819; 3730071 AU - Copeland, J P Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39644819?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+lures+and+hair+snares+to+detect+wolverine&rft.au=Copeland%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Copeland&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Defenders of Wildlife, National Headquarters, 1101 14th Street, NW #1400, Washington, DC 20005, USA; phone: 202-682-9400; email: info@defenders.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Genetic modification removes an immunodominant allergen from soybean AN - 39641352; 3727371 AU - Herman, E Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39641352?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Genetic+modification+removes+an+immunodominant+allergen+from+soybean&rft.au=Herman%2C+E&rft.aulast=Herman&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, email: soy2002@aces.uiuc.edu; URL: www.soy2002.uiuc.edu. Paper No. 407 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Wood anatomy of vochysiaceae with special reference to Qualea and Ruizterania AN - 39637379; 3722014 AU - Miller, R B Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39637379?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Wood+anatomy+of+vochysiaceae+with+special+reference+to+Qualea+and+Ruizterania&rft.au=Miller%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Botanical Society of America, Botanical Society of America, 1735 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1293, USA; URL: www.botany.org. Paper No. 37-5 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Complex plantations and sequential interventions: An active approach to forest restoration AN - 39625083; 3731507 AU - Stanturf, JA Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39625083?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Complex+plantations+and+sequential+interventions%3A+An+active+approach+to+forest+restoration&rft.au=Stanturf%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Stanturf&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Brandenburg Univ. of Technology, Research Center Mining Landscapes, P.O. Box 101344, 03013 Cottbus, Germany; phone: 49-355-69-4568; fax: 49-355-69-2323; email: kirschep@tu-cottbus.de N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Hydrological and biogeochemical controls on contaminant mitigation in a first-order riparian wetland AN - 39616741; 3714946 AU - Angier, J T AU - McCarty, G W Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39616741?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Hydrological+and+biogeochemical+controls+on+contaminant+mitigation+in+a+first-order+riparian+wetland&rft.au=Angier%2C+J+T%3BMcCarty%2C+G+W&rft.aulast=Angier&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Potomac Watershed Partnership, 1730 North Lynn Street, Suite 403, Arlington, VA 22209, USA; phone: 703-276-2777; fax: 703-276-1098; URL: www.Potomac.org/pwp/conference.html N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Geographic variation in wood specific gravity AN - 39598116; 3721762 AU - Wiemann, M C AU - Williamson, G B Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39598116?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Geographic+variation+in+wood+specific+gravity&rft.au=Wiemann%2C+M+C%3BWilliamson%2C+G+B&rft.aulast=Wiemann&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Botanical Society of America, Botanical Society of America, 1735 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1293, USA; URL: www.botany.org. Paper No. 24-5 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Flavonoids as chemotaxonomic markers of Erythroxylum australe AN - 39598009; 3721730 AU - Johnson, EL Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39598009?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Flavonoids+as+chemotaxonomic+markers+of+Erythroxylum+australe&rft.au=Johnson%2C+EL&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=EL&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Botanical Society of America, Botanical Society of America, 1735 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1293, USA; URL: www.botany.org. Paper No. 19-2 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Linkage disequilibrium and association analysis for QTL discovery AN - 39597106; 3727350 AU - Cregan, P Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39597106?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Linkage+disequilibrium+and+association+analysis+for+QTL+discovery&rft.au=Cregan%2C+P&rft.aulast=Cregan&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, email: soy2002@aces.uiuc.edu; URL: www.soy2002.uiuc.edu. Paper No. 106 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Soil carbon assessment across a native prairie restoration chronosequence AN - 39596283; 3729952 AU - Cambardella, C AU - Schilling, K AU - Isenhart, T AU - Schultz, R AU - Drobney, P Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39596283?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Soil+carbon+assessment+across+a+native+prairie+restoration+chronosequence&rft.au=Cambardella%2C+C%3BSchilling%2C+K%3BIsenhart%2C+T%3BSchultz%2C+R%3BDrobney%2C+P&rft.aulast=Cambardella&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Kirksville Area Chamber of Commerce, 304 S. Franklin, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA; phone: 660-665-3766; fax: 660-665-3767; email: pchamber@kvmo.net; URL: www.napc2002.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Historical biogeography of the wolverine in the United States AN - 39595783; 3730070 AU - McKelvey, K S Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39595783?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Historical+biogeography+of+the+wolverine+in+the+United+States&rft.au=McKelvey%2C+K+S&rft.aulast=McKelvey&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Defenders of Wildlife, National Headquarters, 1101 14th Street, NW #1400, Washington, DC 20005, USA; phone: 202-682-9400; email: info@defenders.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Opportunities in the 2002 farm bill to restore wetlands and improve water quality AN - 39595363; 3729941 AU - Bensey, R L Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39595363?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Opportunities+in+the+2002+farm+bill+to+restore+wetlands+and+improve+water+quality&rft.au=Bensey%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Bensey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Conservation Technology Information Center, c/o Tammy Taylor, 1220 Potter Drive, Suite 170, West Lafayette, IN 47906; phone: 765-494-1814; fax: 765-494-5969; email: taylor@ctic.purdue.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Vetiver grass technology for site stabilization, revegetation and phytoremediation at the Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC AN - 39595161; 3729902 AU - Dagnan, D Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39595161?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Vetiver+grass+technology+for+site+stabilization%2C+revegetation+and+phytoremediation+at+the+Savannah+River+Site%2C+Aiken%2C+SC&rft.au=Dagnan%2C+D&rft.aulast=Dagnan&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Conservation Technology Information Center, c/o Tammy Taylor, 1220 Potter Drive, Suite 170, West Lafayette, IN 47906; phone: 765-494-1814; fax: 765-494-5969; email: taylor@ctic.purdue.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Cloning and characterization of APS reductase from soybean AN - 39592919; 3727376 AU - Krishnan, H Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39592919?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Cloning+and+characterization+of+APS+reductase+from+soybean&rft.au=Krishnan%2C+H&rft.aulast=Krishnan&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, email: soy2002@aces.uiuc.edu; URL: www.soy2002.uiuc.edu. Paper No. 505 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evolution and cultivar-group classification of cultivated potatoes AN - 39592522; 3721719 AU - Spooner, D M Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39592522?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evolution+and+cultivar-group+classification+of+cultivated+potatoes&rft.au=Spooner%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Spooner&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Botanical Society of America, Botanical Society of America, 1735 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1293, USA; URL: www.botany.org. Paper No. 17-2 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Genetic modification of soybean for enhanced industrial value AN - 39592182; 3727372 AU - Cahoon, E Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39592182?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Genetic+modification+of+soybean+for+enhanced+industrial+value&rft.au=Cahoon%2C+E&rft.aulast=Cahoon&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, email: soy2002@aces.uiuc.edu; URL: www.soy2002.uiuc.edu. Paper No. 501 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Serum immunoglobulin of hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis) AN - 39584066; 3714172 AU - Shelby, R A AU - Shoemaker, CA AU - Klesius, PH Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39584066?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Serum+immunoglobulin+of+hybrid+striped+bass+%28Morone+chrysops+x+M.+saxatilis%29&rft.au=Shelby%2C+R+A%3BShoemaker%2C+CA%3BKlesius%2C+PH&rft.aulast=Shelby&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Louisiana State University-School of Veterinary Medicine, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; phone: 225-578-9900; fax: 225-578-9916; URL: www.vetmed.lsu.edu. Poster Paper No. 57 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Saturated palmitic and stearic fatty acids in populations of Helianthus annuus from the Central US Great Plains AN - 39583393; 3721731 AU - Seiler, G Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39583393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Saturated+palmitic+and+stearic+fatty+acids+in+populations+of+Helianthus+annuus+from+the+Central+US+Great+Plains&rft.au=Seiler%2C+G&rft.aulast=Seiler&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Botanical Society of America, Botanical Society of America, 1735 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1293, USA; URL: www.botany.org. Paper No. 19-3 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Progress in mapping for SCN resistance in soybean AN - 39581518; 3727355 AU - Arelli, P Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39581518?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Progress+in+mapping+for+SCN+resistance+in+soybean&rft.au=Arelli%2C+P&rft.aulast=Arelli&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, email: soy2002@aces.uiuc.edu; URL: www.soy2002.uiuc.edu. Paper No. 204 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Using a regional index of biotic integrity (IBI) to assess the effects of stream buffers in Northern Virginia AN - 39581259; 3714934 AU - Teels, B M AU - Rewa, CA AU - Myers, J Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39581259?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Using+a+regional+index+of+biotic+integrity+%28IBI%29+to+assess+the+effects+of+stream+buffers+in+Northern+Virginia&rft.au=Teels%2C+B+M%3BRewa%2C+CA%3BMyers%2C+J&rft.aulast=Teels&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Potomac Watershed Partnership, 1730 North Lynn Street, Suite 403, Arlington, VA 22209, USA; phone: 703-276-2777; fax: 703-276-1098; URL: www.Potomac.org/pwp/conference.html N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Contributions to Mimulus genetics, evolution, ecology, and systematics AN - 39579266; 3721713 AU - McArthur, ED Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39579266?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Contributions+to+Mimulus+genetics%2C+evolution%2C+ecology%2C+and+systematics&rft.au=McArthur%2C+ED&rft.aulast=McArthur&rft.aufirst=ED&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Botanical Society of America, Botanical Society of America, 1735 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1293, USA; URL: www.botany.org. Paper No. 16-1 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Challenge of restoring the land and serving the people AN - 39577975; 3714888 AU - Bosworth, D Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39577975?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Challenge+of+restoring+the+land+and+serving+the+people&rft.au=Bosworth%2C+D&rft.aulast=Bosworth&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Potomac Watershed Partnership, 1730 North Lynn Street, Suite 403, Arlington, VA 22209, USA; phone: 703-276-2777; fax: 703-276-1098; URL: www.Potomac.org/pwp/conference.html N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Wetlands reserve program in Indiana AN - 39577952; 3729887 AU - Roach, J Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39577952?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Wetlands+reserve+program+in+Indiana&rft.au=Roach%2C+J&rft.aulast=Roach&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Conservation Technology Information Center, c/o Tammy Taylor, 1220 Potter Drive, Suite 170, West Lafayette, IN 47906; phone: 765-494-1814; fax: 765-494-5969; email: taylor@ctic.purdue.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Macrotopography: A wetland restoration technique AN - 39576995; 3729916 AU - Roach, J Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39576995?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Macrotopography%3A+A+wetland+restoration+technique&rft.au=Roach%2C+J&rft.aulast=Roach&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Conservation Technology Information Center, c/o Tammy Taylor, 1220 Potter Drive, Suite 170, West Lafayette, IN 47906; phone: 765-494-1814; fax: 765-494-5969; email: taylor@ctic.purdue.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Chloroplast and nuclear sequences reveal a complex, reticulate ancestry for the Mexican cotton Gossypium gossypioides (Malvaceae) AN - 39576637; 3721997 AU - Cronn, R AU - Small, R AU - Haselkorn, T AU - Wendel, J Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39576637?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Chloroplast+and+nuclear+sequences+reveal+a+complex%2C+reticulate+ancestry+for+the+Mexican+cotton+Gossypium+gossypioides+%28Malvaceae%29&rft.au=Cronn%2C+R%3BSmall%2C+R%3BHaselkorn%2C+T%3BWendel%2C+J&rft.aulast=Cronn&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Botanical Society of America, Botanical Society of America, 1735 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1293, USA; URL: www.botany.org. Paper No. 35-8 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Wood anatomy of seasonally flooded lightweight-wooded Venezuelan trees AN - 39575146; 3722012 AU - Wiedenhoeft, A C AU - Miller, R B AU - Berry, P E Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39575146?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Wood+anatomy+of+seasonally+flooded+lightweight-wooded+Venezuelan+trees&rft.au=Wiedenhoeft%2C+A+C%3BMiller%2C+R+B%3BBerry%2C+P+E&rft.aulast=Wiedenhoeft&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Botanical Society of America, Botanical Society of America, 1735 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1293, USA; URL: www.botany.org. Paper No. 37-3 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Status of epidemiologic studies of ISA in Maine AN - 39572299; 3713981 AU - Ellis, S K AU - Gustafson, L L Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39572299?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Status+of+epidemiologic+studies+of+ISA+in+Maine&rft.au=Ellis%2C+S+K%3BGustafson%2C+L+L&rft.aulast=Ellis&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Louisiana State University-School of Veterinary Medicine, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; phone: 225-578-9900; fax: 225-578-9916; URL: www.vetmed.lsu.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Adenovirus as a method for the delivery and expression of foreign genes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) AN - 39571314; 3714088 AU - Overturf, K AU - LaPatra, S AU - Reynolds, P N Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39571314?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Adenovirus+as+a+method+for+the+delivery+and+expression+of+foreign+genes+in+rainbow+trout+%28Oncorhynchus+mykiss%29&rft.au=Overturf%2C+K%3BLaPatra%2C+S%3BReynolds%2C+P+N&rft.aulast=Overturf&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Louisiana State University-School of Veterinary Medicine, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; phone: 225-578-9900; fax: 225-578-9916; URL: www.vetmed.lsu.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Comparison of bacterial loads in ESC-susceptible and resistant channel catfish with real-time PCR AN - 39571079; 3714029 AU - Bilodeau, AL AU - Small, B C AU - Wolters, W R AU - Wise, D J Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39571079?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+bacterial+loads+in+ESC-susceptible+and+resistant+channel+catfish+with+real-time+PCR&rft.au=Bilodeau%2C+AL%3BSmall%2C+B+C%3BWolters%2C+W+R%3BWise%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Bilodeau&rft.aufirst=AL&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Louisiana State University-School of Veterinary Medicine, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; phone: 225-578-9900; fax: 225-578-9916; URL: www.vetmed.lsu.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Molecular beacons to select for SCN resistance at rhg1 and Rhg4 AN - 39566682; 3727403 AU - Hofmann, N Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39566682?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Molecular+beacons+to+select+for+SCN+resistance+at+rhg1+and+Rhg4&rft.au=Hofmann%2C+N&rft.aulast=Hofmann&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, email: soy2002@aces.uiuc.edu; URL: www.soy2002.uiuc.edu. Poster Paper No. P211 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Production and engine emissions of biodiesel from low cost feeds: Soapstock and acid oil AN - 39565409; 3714240 AU - Haas, MJ AU - McCormick, R L AU - Alleman, T L AU - Scott, K M Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39565409?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Production+and+engine+emissions+of+biodiesel+from+low+cost+feeds%3A+Soapstock+and+acid+oil&rft.au=Haas%2C+MJ%3BMcCormick%2C+R+L%3BAlleman%2C+T+L%3BScott%2C+K+M&rft.aulast=Haas&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: University of Idaho, Dept. of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, E/P 421, Moscow, Idaho 83844, USA; phone: 208-885-7906; fax: 208-885-7908; email: peterson@uidaho.edu. Paper No. 2125 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Nitrogen leaching loss estimates from forested ecosystems in the Chesapeake Bay watershed AN - 39563878; 3714909 AU - Hom, J L AU - Pan, Y AU - McCullough, K Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39563878?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Nitrogen+leaching+loss+estimates+from+forested+ecosystems+in+the+Chesapeake+Bay+watershed&rft.au=Hom%2C+J+L%3BPan%2C+Y%3BMcCullough%2C+K&rft.aulast=Hom&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Potomac Watershed Partnership, 1730 North Lynn Street, Suite 403, Arlington, VA 22209, USA; phone: 703-276-2777; fax: 703-276-1098; URL: www.Potomac.org/pwp/conference.html N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Cluster fescue: A native cool season grass - A component usually missing in native plantings AN - 39548851; 3729988 AU - Navarrete-Tindall, N AU - Mechlin, L AU - Van Sambeek, JW AU - McGraw, R L Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39548851?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Cluster+fescue%3A+A+native+cool+season+grass+-+A+component+usually+missing+in+native+plantings&rft.au=Navarrete-Tindall%2C+N%3BMechlin%2C+L%3BVan+Sambeek%2C+JW%3BMcGraw%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Navarrete-Tindall&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Kirksville Area Chamber of Commerce, 304 S. Franklin, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA; phone: 660-665-3766; fax: 660-665-3767; email: pchamber@kvmo.net; URL: www.napc2002.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Modern and eocene temperature estimation from leaf morphology and wood anatomy AN - 39547263; 3721819 AU - Wiemann, M C AU - Wheeler, E A AU - Manchester AU - Dilcher, D L Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39547263?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Modern+and+eocene+temperature+estimation+from+leaf+morphology+and+wood+anatomy&rft.au=Wiemann%2C+M+C%3BWheeler%2C+E+A%3BManchester%3BDilcher%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Wiemann&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Botanical Society of America, Botanical Society of America, 1735 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1293, USA; URL: www.botany.org. Paper No. 30-9 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Wolverine distribution and movements relative to landscape features in the pioneer, flint and anaconda/pintler mountains of Southwestern Montana AN - 39546895; 3730072 AU - Squires, J Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39546895?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Wolverine+distribution+and+movements+relative+to+landscape+features+in+the+pioneer%2C+flint+and+anaconda%2Fpintler+mountains+of+Southwestern+Montana&rft.au=Squires%2C+J&rft.aulast=Squires&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Defenders of Wildlife, National Headquarters, 1101 14th Street, NW #1400, Washington, DC 20005, USA; phone: 202-682-9400; email: info@defenders.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Native species releases for roadside plantings, prairie restorations and landscaping AN - 39543444; 3730032 AU - Kaiser, J AU - Bruckerhoff, S Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39543444?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Native+species+releases+for+roadside+plantings%2C+prairie+restorations+and+landscaping&rft.au=Kaiser%2C+J%3BBruckerhoff%2C+S&rft.aulast=Kaiser&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Kirksville Area Chamber of Commerce, 304 S. Franklin, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA; phone: 660-665-3766; fax: 660-665-3767; email: pchamber@kvmo.net; URL: www.napc2002.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Morphological differences in mead's milkweed: Prairie plants vs monoculture plants AN - 39541457; 3730039 AU - Row, J M AU - Wynia, R L AU - Conway, T M AU - Kindscher, K Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39541457?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Business+world%3A+The+latest+management+craze%3A+Crazy+management&rft.au=Jenkins%2C+Holman+W%2C+Jr&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=Holman&rft.date=1996-10-08&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=A23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.issn=00999660&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Kirksville Area Chamber of Commerce, 304 S. Franklin, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA; phone: 660-665-3766; fax: 660-665-3767; email: pchamber@kvmo.net; URL: www.napc2002.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Establishing prairie cordgrass AN - 39541423; 3730031 AU - Jensen, N AU - Bergsagel, R AU - Halko, P Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39541423?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Establishing+prairie+cordgrass&rft.au=Jensen%2C+N%3BBergsagel%2C+R%3BHalko%2C+P&rft.aulast=Jensen&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Kirksville Area Chamber of Commerce, 304 S. Franklin, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA; phone: 660-665-3766; fax: 660-665-3767; email: pchamber@kvmo.net; URL: www.napc2002.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Expression level of immunological factors from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after infection with either bacterial or viral pathogens AN - 39537157; 3714080 AU - Overturf, K AU - LaPatra, S AU - Bullock, D Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39537157?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Expression+level+of+immunological+factors+from+rainbow+trout+%28Oncorhynchus+mykiss%29+after+infection+with+either+bacterial+or+viral+pathogens&rft.au=Overturf%2C+K%3BLaPatra%2C+S%3BBullock%2C+D&rft.aulast=Overturf&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Louisiana State University-School of Veterinary Medicine, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; phone: 225-578-9900; fax: 225-578-9916; URL: www.vetmed.lsu.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Assessing cortisol responsiveness between strains and Edwardsiella ictaluri susceptible and resistant families of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus AN - 39536863; 3714031 AU - Small, B C AU - Bilodeau, AL AU - Wolters, W R Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39536863?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Assessing+cortisol+responsiveness+between+strains+and+Edwardsiella+ictaluri+susceptible+and+resistant+families+of+channel+catfish%2C+Ictalurus+punctatus&rft.au=Small%2C+B+C%3BBilodeau%2C+AL%3BWolters%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Small&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Louisiana State University-School of Veterinary Medicine, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; phone: 225-578-9900; fax: 225-578-9916; URL: www.vetmed.lsu.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Hypoxia induces HSP 70 production in juvenile Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) AN - 39532062; 3714176 AU - Delaney, MA AU - Klesius, PH Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39532062?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Hypoxia+induces+HSP+70+production+in+juvenile+Nile+tilapia%2C+Oreochromis+niloticus+%28L.%29&rft.au=Delaney%2C+MA%3BKlesius%2C+PH&rft.aulast=Delaney&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Louisiana State University-School of Veterinary Medicine, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; phone: 225-578-9900; fax: 225-578-9916; URL: www.vetmed.lsu.edu. Poster Paper No. 61 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - APHIS veterinary services implements an infectious salmon anemia (ISA) program AN - 39531827; 3714040 AU - Miller, O Jr Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39531827?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=APHIS+veterinary+services+implements+an+infectious+salmon+anemia+%28ISA%29+program&rft.au=Miller%2C+O+Jr&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Louisiana State University-School of Veterinary Medicine, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; phone: 225-578-9900; fax: 225-578-9916; URL: www.vetmed.lsu.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - National monitoring system for riparian forest health AN - 39514735; 3714932 AU - Manning, ME AU - Verry, S AU - Stolte, K Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39514735?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=National+monitoring+system+for+riparian+forest+health&rft.au=Manning%2C+ME%3BVerry%2C+S%3BStolte%2C+K&rft.aulast=Manning&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Potomac Watershed Partnership, 1730 North Lynn Street, Suite 403, Arlington, VA 22209, USA; phone: 703-276-2777; fax: 703-276-1098; URL: www.Potomac.org/pwp/conference.html N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Water quality processes and functions of wetlands, streams and riparian areas AN - 39505289; 3714931 AU - Lowrance, R A Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39505289?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Water+quality+processes+and+functions+of+wetlands%2C+streams+and+riparian+areas&rft.au=Lowrance%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Lowrance&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Potomac Watershed Partnership, 1730 North Lynn Street, Suite 403, Arlington, VA 22209, USA; phone: 703-276-2777; fax: 703-276-1098; URL: www.Potomac.org/pwp/conference.html N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Research opportunities for bioactive natural constituents in agriculture and food prepared for the 50th anniversary of the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. AN - 72690680; 12428940 AB - The Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry recently introduced a new subject matter category titled "Bioactive Constituents" to cover investigations of the composition of natural compounds and their biological activity in crops and foods. It is recognized by the Editors that a number of other journals specialize in various aspects of the chemistry of natural products, but the intent of this classification is to emphasize and stimulate submission of manuscripts in such areas of agricultural and food chemistry that have so far been neglected or under-represented. Selected topics dealing with bioactive constituents are given as representative examples of the types of investigations that would be appropriate to the scope of the Journal. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Molyneux, Russell J AD - Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California 94710, USA. jafc@pw.usda.gov. Y1 - 2002/11/20/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 20 SP - 6939 EP - 6942 VL - 50 IS - 24 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Periodicals as Topic KW - Food Microbiology KW - Anniversaries and Special Events KW - Food Technology KW - Food Contamination KW - Agriculture KW - Plants, Edible -- chemistry KW - Research KW - Plants, Medicinal -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72690680?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Research+opportunities+for+bioactive+natural+constituents+in+agriculture+and+food+prepared+for+the+50th+anniversary+of+the+Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry.&rft.au=Molyneux%2C+Russell+J&rft.aulast=Molyneux&rft.aufirst=Russell&rft.date=2002-11-20&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=6939&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-14 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity of (+)- and (-)-gossypol to the plant pathogen, Rhizoctonia solani. AN - 72671881; 12428953 AB - The dimeric sesquiterpene gossypol occurs naturally in cottonseed and other parts of the cotton plant. Gossypol exists as enantiomers because of the restricted rotation around the central binaphthyl bond. The (-)-enantiomer is toxic to nonruminant animals while the (+)-enantiomer exhibits little, if any, toxicity to these animals. Developing cotton plants with low levels of the (-)-gossypol could expand the use of cottonseed as a feed source. Gossypol also may play a role in protecting the plant from pathogens. The relative toxicity of (+)- and (-)-gossypol to plant pathogens has not been reported. We measured the concentration of (+)- and (-)-gossypol in roots from cotton seedlings that were treated with the biocontrol agent Trichoderma virens that induces biosynthesis of gossypol and related terpenoids in cotton roots. (-)-Gossypol was the minor enantiomer in control and treated roots, but levels were slightly higher in roots from T. virens-treated seed. We also determined the toxicity of the gossypol enantiomers and the racemate to the seedling disease pathogen Rhizoctonia solani. The (+)- and (-)-enantiomers of gossypol and the racemate are equally effective in inhibiting growth of this pathogen. The lethal doses of the gossypols required to kill the pathogen appeared to be similar, but their toxicities are significantly less than those of related cotton and kenaf sesquiterpenes. The results indicate that altering the enantiomeric ratio in cotton roots will not adversely affect the resistance of seedlings to the seedling pathogen R. solani. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Puckhaber, Lorraine S AU - Dowd, Michael K AU - Stipanovic, Robert D AU - Howell, Charles R AD - USDA-ARS, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, 2765 F&B Road, College Station, Texas 77845, USA. Y1 - 2002/11/20/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 20 SP - 7017 EP - 7021 VL - 50 IS - 24 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Gossypol KW - KAV15B369O KW - Index Medicus KW - Stereoisomerism KW - Seeds -- chemistry KW - Trichoderma KW - Plant Diseases -- microbiology KW - Plant Roots -- chemistry KW - Seedlings -- microbiology KW - Seedlings -- chemistry KW - Rhizoctonia -- drug effects KW - Gossypol -- analysis KW - Rhizoctonia -- growth & development KW - Gossypol -- pharmacology KW - Gossypium -- chemistry KW - Gossypium -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72671881?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Toxicity+of+%28%2B%29-+and+%28-%29-gossypol+to+the+plant+pathogen%2C+Rhizoctonia+solani.&rft.au=Puckhaber%2C+Lorraine+S%3BDowd%2C+Michael+K%3BStipanovic%2C+Robert+D%3BHowell%2C+Charles+R&rft.aulast=Puckhaber&rft.aufirst=Lorraine&rft.date=2002-11-20&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=7017&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-14 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Great lakes environmental indicators AN - 39693466; 3711808 AU - Nanney, R D Y1 - 2002/11/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39693466?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Great+lakes+environmental+indicators&rft.au=Nanney%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Nanney&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-11-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Soil and Water Conservation Society, 7515 NE Ankeny Rd., Ankeny, IA 50021-9764, USA; URL: www.swcs.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Optimizing placement of practices to intercept nutrients in a tiled-drained agricultural watershed AN - 39622123; 3711825 AU - Tomer, M Y1 - 2002/11/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39622123?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Optimizing+placement+of+practices+to+intercept+nutrients+in+a+tiled-drained+agricultural+watershed&rft.au=Tomer%2C+M&rft.aulast=Tomer&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-11-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Soil and Water Conservation Society, 7515 NE Ankeny Rd., Ankeny, IA 50021-9764, USA; URL: www.swcs.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Conflicting objectives for mineral resource management: The case of aggregate quarries in Slovenia AN - 39615826; 3711019 AU - Shields, D J AU - Solar, S V AU - Martin, W E AU - Martin, I M Y1 - 2002/11/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39615826?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Conflicting+objectives+for+mineral+resource+management%3A+The+case+of+aggregate+quarries+in+Slovenia&rft.au=Shields%2C+D+J%3BSolar%2C+S+V%3BMartin%2C+W+E%3BMartin%2C+I+M&rft.aulast=Shields&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-11-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: SWEMP 2002, c/o DIGITA Dipartimento di Geoingegneria e Tecnologie Ambientali, Facolta di Ingegneria, Piazza d'Armi, 09123 Cagliari, Italy N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Agricultural reserve program: Virginia beachs solution to farmland preservation AN - 39583505; 3711815 AU - Crabtree, G Y1 - 2002/11/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39583505?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Agricultural+reserve+program%3A+Virginia+beachs+solution+to+farmland+preservation&rft.au=Crabtree%2C+G&rft.aulast=Crabtree&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-11-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Soil and Water Conservation Society, 7515 NE Ankeny Rd., Ankeny, IA 50021-9764, USA; URL: www.swcs.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Natural resource assessment process for alternative enterprises and agritourism AN - 39581932; 3711813 AU - Maetzold, J Y1 - 2002/11/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39581932?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Natural+resource+assessment+process+for+alternative+enterprises+and+agritourism&rft.au=Maetzold%2C+J&rft.aulast=Maetzold&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-11-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Soil and Water Conservation Society, 7515 NE Ankeny Rd., Ankeny, IA 50021-9764, USA; URL: www.swcs.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Toward a new definition of soil loss tolerance for the United States AN - 39567381; 3711823 AU - Nearing, M Y1 - 2002/11/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39567381?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Toward+a+new+definition+of+soil+loss+tolerance+for+the+United+States&rft.au=Nearing%2C+M&rft.aulast=Nearing&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-11-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Soil and Water Conservation Society, 7515 NE Ankeny Rd., Ankeny, IA 50021-9764, USA; URL: www.swcs.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Using a watershed assessment in managing nonpoint source pollution AN - 39565773; 3711833 AU - Bahl, D Y1 - 2002/11/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39565773?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Using+a+watershed+assessment+in+managing+nonpoint+source+pollution&rft.au=Bahl%2C+D&rft.aulast=Bahl&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-11-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Soil and Water Conservation Society, 7515 NE Ankeny Rd., Ankeny, IA 50021-9764, USA; URL: www.swcs.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Land application of manure by animal feeding operations: Is more land needed AN - 39565125; 3711799 AU - Ribaudo, M Y1 - 2002/11/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39565125?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Land+application+of+manure+by+animal+feeding+operations%3A+Is+more+land+needed&rft.au=Ribaudo%2C+M&rft.aulast=Ribaudo&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-11-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Soil and Water Conservation Society, 7515 NE Ankeny Rd., Ankeny, IA 50021-9764, USA; URL: www.swcs.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Cropland value is increasingly related to factors determined outside agriculture AN - 39565090; 3711788 AU - Nehring, R Y1 - 2002/11/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39565090?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Cropland+value+is+increasingly+related+to+factors+determined+outside+agriculture&rft.au=Nehring%2C+R&rft.aulast=Nehring&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-11-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Soil and Water Conservation Society, 7515 NE Ankeny Rd., Ankeny, IA 50021-9764, USA; URL: www.swcs.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Competition for land in spread manure under changing water-quality guidelines AN - 39507888; 3711827 AU - Aillery, M Y1 - 2002/11/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39507888?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Competition+for+land+in+spread+manure+under+changing+water-quality+guidelines&rft.au=Aillery%2C+M&rft.aulast=Aillery&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-11-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Soil and Water Conservation Society, 7515 NE Ankeny Rd., Ankeny, IA 50021-9764, USA; URL: www.swcs.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - NPS pollution related in forest management activities in southern states AN - 39507307; 3711836 AU - Grace, J M Y1 - 2002/11/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39507307?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=NPS+pollution+related+in+forest+management+activities+in+southern+states&rft.au=Grace%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Grace&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-11-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Soil and Water Conservation Society, 7515 NE Ankeny Rd., Ankeny, IA 50021-9764, USA; URL: www.swcs.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effectiveness of stiff-stemmed grass hedges in reducing sediment yield from a row-cropped watershed AN - 39504061; 3711830 AU - Alberts, EE Y1 - 2002/11/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39504061?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effectiveness+of+stiff-stemmed+grass+hedges+in+reducing+sediment+yield+from+a+row-cropped+watershed&rft.au=Alberts%2C+EE&rft.aulast=Alberts&rft.aufirst=EE&rft.date=2002-11-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Soil and Water Conservation Society, 7515 NE Ankeny Rd., Ankeny, IA 50021-9764, USA; URL: www.swcs.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - CBP watershed model: Tracking NPS nutrient sources AN - 39503985; 3711797 AU - Mader, R Y1 - 2002/11/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39503985?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=CBP+watershed+model%3A+Tracking+NPS+nutrient+sources&rft.au=Mader%2C+R&rft.aulast=Mader&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-11-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Soil and Water Conservation Society, 7515 NE Ankeny Rd., Ankeny, IA 50021-9764, USA; URL: www.swcs.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Soil management in U.S. corn production--implications for the environment AN - 39503929; 3711795 AU - Christensen, L Y1 - 2002/11/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39503929?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Soil+management+in+U.S.+corn+production--implications+for+the+environment&rft.au=Christensen%2C+L&rft.aulast=Christensen&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-11-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Soil and Water Conservation Society, 7515 NE Ankeny Rd., Ankeny, IA 50021-9764, USA; URL: www.swcs.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multiresidue analysis of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in chicken tissue using liquid chromatography-fluorescence-multiple mass spectrometry. AN - 72189051; 12383483 AB - An efficient liquid chromatographic method for the multiresidue analysis of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in chicken tissue has been developed in which quantitation using fluorescence and confirmation with multiple mass spectrometry (MS(n)) was achieved simultaneously. Using this method, eight fluoroquinolones were analyzed in fortified samples of chicken liver and muscle tissue with recoveries at levels of 10-200 ng/g generally in the range of 60-93%, except for desethylene ciprofloxacin, which consistently gave recoveries >or=45%. Relative standard deviations were excellent in all cases, and the limits of detection in ng/g were determined as follows in liver and (muscle): desethylene ciprofloxacin 0.3 (0.1), norfloxacin 1.2 (0.2), ciprofloxacin 2 (1.5), danofloxacin 0.2 (0.1), enrofloxacin 0.3 (0.2), orbifloxacin 1.5 (0.5), sarafloxacin 2 (0.6), difloxacin 0.3 (0.2). Confirmation of the identities of the fluoroquinolones was achieved by monitoring the ratios of two prominent product ions in MS(2) (desethylene ciprofloxacin) or MS(3) (all others). Levels of confirmation as related to ion ratio variability criteria were established. Enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were also determined in enrofloxacin incurred chicken liver and muscle using this method. JF - Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences AU - Schneider, Marilyn J AU - Donoghue, Dan J AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA. mschneider@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2002/11/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 15 SP - 83 EP - 92 VL - 780 IS - 1 SN - 1570-0232, 1570-0232 KW - Anti-Infective Agents KW - 0 KW - Fluoroquinolones KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- analysis KW - Spectrometry, Fluorescence -- methods KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72189051?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Analytical+technologies+in+the+biomedical+and+life+sciences&rft.atitle=Multiresidue+analysis+of+fluoroquinolone+antibiotics+in+chicken+tissue+using+liquid+chromatography-fluorescence-multiple+mass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Schneider%2C+Marilyn+J%3BDonoghue%2C+Dan+J&rft.aulast=Schneider&rft.aufirst=Marilyn&rft.date=2002-11-15&rft.volume=780&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Analytical+technologies+in+the+biomedical+and+life+sciences&rft.issn=15700232&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-01 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Experimental airborne transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and Bordetella bronchiseptica AN - 18615590; 5513371 AB - Experiments were designed to determine if porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) or Bordetella bronchiseptica could be transmitted through indirect airborne contact. Three principal pigs were infected with PRRSV, B. bronchiseptica or both. Five days after the principal pigs were challenged, the three principal pigs and one direct-contact pig were placed into one isolation tent together, and three indirect-contact pigs were placed into another isolation tent which received its air supply from the first isolation tent. Airborne transmission of B. bronchiseptica occurred in 5/5 trials where B. bronchiseptica was the only agent used, and in 3/5 trials where the principal pigs were coinfected with both agents. Airborne transmission of PRRSV occurred in 4/5 trials where PRRSV was the only agent used, and in 2/5 trials where the principal pigs were coinfected with both agents. Thus, airborne transmission of both agents over short distances, such as within a barn, is probable. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Brockmeier, S L AU - Lager, K M AD - Respiratory Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, 2300 Dayton Avenue, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA, sbrockme@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/11/06/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 06 SP - 267 EP - 275 VL - 89 IS - 4 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - pigs KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - J 02862:Infection KW - V 22123:Epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18615590?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Experimental+airborne+transmission+of+porcine+reproductive+and+respiratory+syndrome+virus+and+Bordetella+bronchiseptica&rft.au=Brockmeier%2C+S+L%3BLager%2C+K+M&rft.aulast=Brockmeier&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-11-06&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=267&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Site-directed mutagenesis and functional analysis of active site acidic amino acid residues D142, D144 and E146 in Manduca sexta (tobacco hornworm) chitinase. AN - 72826929; 12530205 AB - Chitinases (EC 3.2.1.14) are glycosyl hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of beta-(1, 4)-glycosidic bonds in chitin, the major structural polysaccharide present in the cuticle and gut peritrophic matrix of insects. Two conserved regions have been identified from amino acid sequence comparisons of family 18 glycosyl hydrolases, which includes Manduca sexta (tobacco hornworm) chitinase as a member. The second of these regions in M. sexta chitinase contains three very highly conserved acidic amino acid residues, D142, D144 and E146, that are probably active site residues. In this study the functional roles of these three residues were investigated using site-directed mutagenesis for their substitutions to other amino acids. Six mutant proteins, D142E, D142N, D144E, D144N, E146D and E146Q, as well as the wild-type enzyme, were produced using a baculovirus-insect cell line expression system. The proteins were purified by anion-exchange chromatography, after which their physical, kinetic and substrate binding properties were determined. Circular dichroism spectra of the mutant proteins were similar to that of the wild-type protein, indicating that the presence of mutations did not change the overall secondary structures. E146 was required for enzymatic activity because mutants E146Q and E146D were devoid of activity. D144E retained most of the enzymatic activity, but D144N lost nearly 90%. There was a shift in the pH optimum from alkaline pH to acidic pH for mutants D142N and D144E with minimal losses of activity relative to the wild-type enzyme. The pH-activity profile for the D142E mutation resembled that of the wild-type enzyme except activity in the neutral and acidic range was lower. All of the mutant proteins bound to chitin. Therefore, none of these acidic residues was essential for substrate binding. The results indicate that E146 probably functions as an acid/base catalyst in the hydrolytic mechanism, as do homologous residues in other glycosyl hydrolases. D144 apparently functions as an electrostatic stabilizer of the positively charged transition state, whereas D142 probably influences the pKa values of D144 and E146. JF - Insect biochemistry and molecular biology AU - Lu, Yimin AU - Zen, Kuo-Chang AU - Muthukrishnan, Subbaratnam AU - Kramer, Karl J AD - Grain Marketing and Production Research Center, ARS, USDA, Manhattan, Kansas 66502, USA. Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 1369 EP - 1382 VL - 32 IS - 11 SN - 0965-1748, 0965-1748 KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Chitin KW - 1398-61-4 KW - Chitinases KW - EC 3.2.1.14 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Baculoviridae -- enzymology KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Animals KW - Chitin -- metabolism KW - Base Sequence KW - Recombinant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Kinetics KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Recombinant Proteins -- chemistry KW - Catalysis KW - Binding Sites KW - Chitinases -- chemistry KW - Chitinases -- genetics KW - Chitinases -- metabolism KW - Manduca -- enzymology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72826929?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Insect+biochemistry+and+molecular+biology&rft.atitle=Site-directed+mutagenesis+and+functional+analysis+of+active+site+acidic+amino+acid+residues+D142%2C+D144+and+E146+in+Manduca+sexta+%28tobacco+hornworm%29+chitinase.&rft.au=Lu%2C+Yimin%3BZen%2C+Kuo-Chang%3BMuthukrishnan%2C+Subbaratnam%3BKramer%2C+Karl+J&rft.aulast=Lu&rft.aufirst=Yimin&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1369&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Insect+biochemistry+and+molecular+biology&rft.issn=09651748&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-30 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sequence of a cDNA and expression of the gene encoding a putative epidermal chitin synthase of Manduca sexta. AN - 72825387; 12530217 AB - Glycosyltransferases are enzymes that synthesize oligosaccharides, polysaccharides and glycoconjugates. One type of glycosyltransferase is chitin synthase, a very important enzyme in biology, which is utilized by insects, fungi, and other invertebrates to produce chitin, a polysaccharide of beta-1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine. Chitin is an important component of the insect's exoskeletal cuticle and gut lining. To identify and characterize a chitin synthase gene of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, degenerate primers were designed from two highly conserved regions in fungal and nematode chitin synthase protein sequences and then used to amplify a similar region from Manduca cDNA. A full-length cDNA of 5152 nucleotides was assembled for the putative Manduca chitin synthase gene, MsCHS1, and sequencing of genomic DNA verified the contiguity of the sequence. The MsCHS1 cDNA has an ORF of 4692 nucleotides that encodes a transmembrane protein of 1564 amino acid residues with a mass of approximately 179 kDa (GenBank no. AY062175). It is most similar, over its entire length of protein sequence, to putative chitin synthases from other insects and nematodes, with 68% identity to enzymes from both the blow fly, Lucilia cuprina, and the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. The similarity with fungal chitin synthases is restricted to the putative catalytic domain, and the MsCHS1 protein has, at equivalent positions, several amino acids that are essential for activity as revealed by mutagenesis of the fungal enzymes. A 5.3-kb transcript of MsCHS1 was identified by northern blot hybridization of RNA from larval epidermis, suggesting that the enzyme functions to make chitin deposited in the cuticle. Further examination by RT-PCR showed that MsCHS1 expression is regulated in the epidermis, with the amount of transcript increasing during phases of cuticle deposition. JF - Insect biochemistry and molecular biology AU - Zhu, Yu-Cheng AU - Specht, Charles A AU - Dittmer, Neal T AU - Muthukrishnan, Subbaratnam AU - Kanost, Michael R AU - Kramer, Karl J AD - Grain Marketing and Production Research Center, ARS-USDA, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA. Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 1497 EP - 1506 VL - 32 IS - 11 SN - 0965-1748, 0965-1748 KW - DNA, Complementary KW - 0 KW - Chitin Synthase KW - EC 2.4.1.16 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cell Membrane -- enzymology KW - Cell Membrane -- ultrastructure KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Sequence Alignment KW - Restriction Mapping KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Epidermis -- enzymology KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Drosophila KW - Protein Conformation KW - Manduca -- genetics KW - Genes, Insect KW - Chitin Synthase -- genetics KW - Manduca -- enzymology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72825387?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Insect+biochemistry+and+molecular+biology&rft.atitle=Sequence+of+a+cDNA+and+expression+of+the+gene+encoding+a+putative+epidermal+chitin+synthase+of+Manduca+sexta.&rft.au=Zhu%2C+Yu-Cheng%3BSpecht%2C+Charles+A%3BDittmer%2C+Neal+T%3BMuthukrishnan%2C+Subbaratnam%3BKanost%2C+Michael+R%3BKramer%2C+Karl+J&rft.aulast=Zhu&rft.aufirst=Yu-Cheng&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1497&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Insect+biochemistry+and+molecular+biology&rft.issn=09651748&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-30 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2003 Feb;33(2):277 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predicting toxicity of tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi): measurement of the variation in alkaloid concentration among plants and among years. AN - 72816792; 12523572 AB - Tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi) is the principal mountain larkspur responsible for the majority of cattle deaths on mountain rangelands in western Colorado and central and southern Utah in the United States. Ten plants in each of two tall larkspur populations in the mountains near Ferron and Salina, Utah, were marked, and single stalks were harvested periodically through the growing season for 4 yr. Toxic alkaloid concentration [alkaloids containing the N-(methylsuccimimido)-anthranilik ester group] was determined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Individual larkspur plants varied in alkaloid concentrations, especially in early growth (14-38 mg/g). As the concentration declined over the growing season, variation among plants also declined. There were yearly differences in alkaloid concentration among individual plants (P < 0.01) and populations (P < 0.001), even after accounting for differences in phenological growth between years. Variables such as precipitation, temperature, days since snow melt, growing degree days (sum of mean temperature each day from snow melt), and plant height and weight were all considered in a Mallows Cp multiple regression selection procedure to predict alkaloid concentration. The mixed model procedure in SAS adjusted the regression equation for locations and years. Growing degree days was the best single predictor of alkaloid levels: In y = (3.581 - 0.00423 GDD), R2 = 0.85. Internal validation of this equation within individual years and locations from which the equation was developed, produced correlations between observed versus predicted values ranging from r = 0.73 to 0.93. External validations on nine other larkspur populations produced correlations ranging from r = 0.76 to 0.99. This predictive equation can provide a tool for ranchers and land managers to make management decisions of when to graze cattle in larkspur areas. JF - Journal of chemical ecology AU - Ralphs, M H AU - Gardner, D R AU - Turner, D L AU - Pfister, J A AU - Thacker, E AD - USDA/ARS Poisonous Plant Lab, 1150 E. 1400 North, Logan, Utah 84341, USA. mralphs@cc.usu.edu Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 2327 EP - 2341 VL - 28 IS - 11 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Alkaloids KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Seasons KW - Plant Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Cattle Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Delphinium -- toxicity KW - Alkaloids -- metabolism KW - Delphinium -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72816792?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chemical+ecology&rft.atitle=Predicting+toxicity+of+tall+larkspur+%28Delphinium+barbeyi%29%3A+measurement+of+the+variation+in+alkaloid+concentration+among+plants+and+among+years.&rft.au=Ralphs%2C+M+H%3BGardner%2C+D+R%3BTurner%2C+D+L%3BPfister%2C+J+A%3BThacker%2C+E&rft.aulast=Ralphs&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Forensic+Sciences&rft.issn=00221198&rft_id=info:doi/10.1520%2FJFS14067J LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-17 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Repellency of IR3535, KBR3023, para-menthane-3,8-diol, and deet to black salt marsh mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Everglades National Park. AN - 72794675; 12495189 AB - IR3535, KBR3023, para-Menthane-3,8-diol (PMD), and deet were evaluated in controlled studies with human subjects (n = 5) for repellency to black salt marsh mosquitoes (Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus Wiedemann), in the Everglades National Park, FL. In tests of 6-h duration, with an average mosquito biting pressure on exposed forearm skin of 19.5 (+/- 13.7) bites per minute, the mean percent repellencies (SE) for IR3535, KBR3023, PDM, and deet was 88.6 (3.2), 97.5 (1.7), 89.2 (2.9), and 94.8 (2.5), respectively. Mean complete protection times (SE) for IR3535, KBR3023, PMD), mean deet were 3.0 (1.0), 5.4 (0.6), 3.8 (1.4), and 5.6 (0.5) h, respectively. Untreated (ethanol) controls provided 0% repellency. When mosquito biting rates on the untreated forearm skin of repellent-treated subjects were compared with biting rates on the forearm skin of control subjects, the former were 23%-40% lower early in tests and as much as 22% higher late in tests. These differences cast doubt on the technical merit of test designs comprising evaluation of more than one repellent at a time on the same human subject while underscoring the importance of untreated subjects as negative controls in field repellent bioassays. JF - Journal of medical entomology AU - Barnard, Donald R AU - Bernier, Ulrich R AU - Posey, Kenneth H AU - Xue, Rui-De AD - USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA. Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 895 EP - 899 VL - 39 IS - 6 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Insect Repellents KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Piperidines KW - Propionates KW - Terpenes KW - Menthol KW - 1490-04-6 KW - ethyl-3-(N-n-butyl-N-acetyl)aminopropionate KW - 65GQA237EH KW - terpin KW - MPF495B08R KW - picaridin KW - N51GQX0837 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Activity Cycles KW - Florida KW - Terpenes -- toxicity KW - Insecticides -- toxicity KW - Propionates -- toxicity KW - Menthol -- analogs & derivatives KW - Piperidines -- toxicity KW - Insect Bites and Stings -- prevention & control KW - Menthol -- toxicity KW - Insect Repellents -- toxicity KW - Culicidae -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72794675?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.atitle=Repellency+of+IR3535%2C+KBR3023%2C+para-menthane-3%2C8-diol%2C+and+deet+to+black+salt+marsh+mosquitoes+%28Diptera%3A+Culicidae%29+in+the+Everglades+National+Park.&rft.au=Barnard%2C+Donald+R%3BBernier%2C+Ulrich+R%3BPosey%2C+Kenneth+H%3BXue%2C+Rui-De&rft.aulast=Barnard&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=258&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Offender+Therapy+and+Comparative+Criminology&rft.issn=0306624X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F0306624X9503900306 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-13 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production and feeding strategies for phosphorus management on dairy farms. AN - 72775413; 12487482 AB - Long-term accumulation of soil phosphorus (P) is becoming a concern on some watersheds heavily populated with animal feeding facilities, including dairy farms. Management changes in crop production and feeding may help reduce the accumulation of excess P, but farm profitability must be maintained or improved to assure adoption of such changes. Whole-farm simulation was used to evaluate the long-term effects of changes in feeding, cropping, and other production strategies on P loading and the economics of 100-cow and 800-cow dairy farms in southeastern New York. Simulated farms maintained a long-term P balance if the following occurred: 1) animals were fed to meet recommended minimum amounts of dietary P, 2) the cropping strategy and land base supplied all of the forage needed, 3) all animals were fed a high forage diet, and 4) replacement heifers were produced on the farm to utilize more forage. The most easily implemented change was to reduce the supplemental mineral P fed to that required to meet current NRC recommended amounts, and this provided an annual increase in farm profit of about $22/cow. Intensifying the use of grassland and improving grazing practices increased profit along with a small reduction in excess P. Conversion from dairy production to heifer raising or expansion from 100 cows to a 250-cow "state-of-the-art" confinement facility (with a 70% increase in land area) were also profitable options. These options provided a long-term P balance for the farm as long as the production and use of forage was maximized and minimum dietary P amounts were those recommended by the NRC. Thus, management changes can be made to prevent the long-term accumulation of soil P on dairy farms while improving farm profitability. JF - Journal of dairy science AU - Rotz, C A AU - Sharpley, A N AU - Satter, L D AU - Gburek, W J AU - Sanderson, M A AD - ARS-USDA, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, University Park, PA 16802, USA. alrotz@psu.edu Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 3142 EP - 3153 VL - 85 IS - 11 SN - 0022-0302, 0022-0302 KW - Manure KW - 0 KW - Phosphorus, Dietary KW - Soil KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Phosphorus KW - 27YLU75U4W KW - Index Medicus KW - Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena KW - Animals KW - Costs and Cost Analysis KW - Animal Husbandry -- methods KW - Milk -- secretion KW - Nutritional Requirements KW - Animal Feed KW - New York KW - Dietary Supplements KW - Milk -- chemistry KW - Phosphorus -- analysis KW - Female KW - Dairying -- methods KW - Dairying -- economics KW - Cattle -- metabolism KW - Soil -- analysis KW - Phosphorus, Dietary -- administration & dosage KW - Soil Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72775413?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+dairy+science&rft.atitle=Production+and+feeding+strategies+for+phosphorus+management+on+dairy+farms.&rft.au=Rotz%2C+C+A%3BSharpley%2C+A+N%3BSatter%2C+L+D%3BGburek%2C+W+J%3BSanderson%2C+M+A&rft.aulast=Rotz&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Orthomolecular+Medicine&rft.issn=08344825&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-01 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth and yield responses of snap bean to mixtures of carbon dioxide and ozone. AN - 72759361; 12469851 AB - Elevated CO2 concentrations expected in the 21st century can stimulate plant growth and yield, whereas tropospheric O3 suppresses plant growth and yield in many areas of the world. Recent experiments showed that elevated CO2 often protects plants from O3 stress, but this has not been tested for many important crop species including snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The objective of this study was to determine if elevated CO2 protects snap bean from O3 stress. An O3-tolerant cultivar (Tenderette) and an O3-sensitive selection (S156) were exposed from shortly after emergence to maturity to mixtures of CO2 and O3 in open-top field chambers. The two CO2 treatments were ambient and ambient with CO2 added for 24 h d(-1) resulting in seasonal 12 h d(-1) (0800-2000 h EST) mean concentrations of 366 and 697 microL L(-1), respectively. The two O3 treatments were charcoal-filtered air and nonfiltered air with O3 added for 12 h d(-1) to achieve seasonal 12 h d(-1) (0800-2000 h EST) mean concentrations of 23 and 72 nL L(-1), respectively. Elevated CO2 significantly stimulated growth and pod weight of Tenderette and S156, whereas elevated O3 significantly suppressed growth and pod weight of S156 but not of Tenderette. The suppressive effect of elevated O3 on pod dry weight of S156 was approximately 75% at ambient CO2 and approximately 60% at elevated CO2 (harvests combined). This amount of protection from O3 stress afforded by elevated CO2 was much less than reported for other crop species. Extreme sensitivity to O3 may be the reason elevated CO2 failed to significantly protect S156 from O3 stress. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - Heagle, A S AU - Miller, J E AU - Burkey, K O AU - Eason, G AU - Pursley, W A AD - USDA-ARS Air Quality Plant Growth and Development Research Unit, 3908 Inwood Road, Raleigh, NC 27603, USA. asheagle@unity.ncsu.edu PY - 2002 SP - 2008 EP - 2014 VL - 31 IS - 6 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Oxidants, Photochemical KW - Carbon Dioxide KW - 142M471B3J KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Oxidants, Photochemical -- adverse effects KW - Air Pollutants -- adverse effects KW - Carbon Dioxide -- pharmacology KW - Phaseolus -- growth & development KW - Ozone -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72759361?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Growth+and+yield+responses+of+snap+bean+to+mixtures+of+carbon+dioxide+and+ozone.&rft.au=Heagle%2C+A+S%3BMiller%2C+J+E%3BBurkey%2C+K+O%3BEason%2C+G%3BPursley%2C+W+A&rft.aulast=Heagle&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2008&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-10 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Volatilization and degradation of soil-applied dimethylselenide. AN - 72751819; 12469855 AB - Dimethylselenide (DMSe) is a highly volatile gas that is produced by indigenous microorganisms in seleniferous soils and sediments; however, little is known about the soil conditions that affect the persistence of DMSe and its transport to the atmosphere. In this study we investigated the effect of moisture content, temperature, and organic amendments on the degradation of soil-applied DMSe. The degradation of DMSe was entirely a result of biological mechanisms, but changes in temperature (20-40 degrees C) and soil moisture content (30-70% of the maximum water holding capacity) had little influence on the degradation rate. In contrast, amending soil with either 1% casein or gluten (by weight) had an inhibitory effect on the degradation of DMSe. After 18 d, 2.1 times more DMSe was present in the casein-amended soil and 2.6 times more DMSe was present in the gluten-amended soil. The transport of DMSe in packed soil columns was also investigated. Increasing the depth to soil surface was found to significantly decrease the amount of DMSe transported to the air. After 6 d, 57% of DMSe injected 10 cm below the soil surface was volatilized. At an injection depth of 20 cm the cumulative emissions were reduced by 38% and at 30 cm the cumulative emissions were reduced by 51%. In columns containing 1% casein or gluten in the top 5 cm of soil the cumulative loss of DMSe was about 9% higher than in unamended soil. Increasing our understanding of the soil conditions that influence the gaseous diffusion of DMSe should help in determining the feasibility of using Se volatilization as a remediation technique. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - Dungan, Robert S AU - Yates, Scott R AU - Frankenberger, William T AD - Salinity Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 450 W. Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA 92507, USA. Rdungan@ussl.ars.usda.gov PY - 2002 SP - 2045 EP - 2050 VL - 31 IS - 6 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Organic Chemicals KW - 0 KW - Organoselenium Compounds KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - dimethylselenide KW - YK0R6JKT6H KW - Index Medicus KW - Temperature KW - Volatilization KW - Diffusion KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Soil Pollutants -- metabolism KW - Organoselenium Compounds -- metabolism KW - Organoselenium Compounds -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72751819?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Volatilization+and+degradation+of+soil-applied+dimethylselenide.&rft.au=Dungan%2C+Robert+S%3BYates%2C+Scott+R%3BFrankenberger%2C+William+T&rft.aulast=Dungan&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2045&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-10 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antioxidant power, lipid oxidation, color, and viability of Listeria monocytogenes in beef bologna treated with gamma radiation and containing various levels of glucose. AN - 72693303; 12430697 AB - Ionizing radiation can be used to pasteurize ready-to-eat (RTE) meat products. Thermal processing of RTE meats that contain dextrose results in the production of antioxidants that may interfere with ionizing radiation pasteurization of RTE meat products. Beef bologna was manufactured with dextrose concentrations of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8%. Antioxidant activity, as measured by the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power assay, increased with dextrose concentration but was unaffected by ionizing radiation. Lipid oxidation increased significantly in irradiated bologna (4 kGy) that contained dextrose. Hunter color analysis indicated that the addition of dextrose reduced the ionizing radiation-induced loss of redness (a-value) but promoted the loss of brightness (L-value). The radiation resistance, D10-value, of Listeria monocytogenes that was surface-inoculated onto bologna slices was not affected by dextrose concentration. L. monocytogenes strains isolated from RTE meats after listeriosis outbreaks were utilized. Increased antioxidant activity generated by thermal processing of dextrose in fine emulsion sausages does not present a barrier to radiation pasteurization of RTE meats. However, a high dextrose concentration in combination with gamma irradiation increases lipid oxidation significantly. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Sommers, Christopher H AU - Fan, Xuetong AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, NAA, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. csommers@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 1750 EP - 1755 VL - 65 IS - 11 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Glucose KW - IY9XDZ35W2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Food Microbiology KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Gamma Rays KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Color KW - Meat Products -- standards KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- metabolism KW - Meat Products -- microbiology KW - Glucose -- metabolism KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- radiation effects KW - Food Preservation -- methods KW - Lipid Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72693303?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Antioxidant+power%2C+lipid+oxidation%2C+color%2C+and+viability+of+Listeria+monocytogenes+in+beef+bologna+treated+with+gamma+radiation+and+containing+various+levels+of+glucose.&rft.au=Sommers%2C+Christopher+H%3BFan%2C+Xuetong&rft.aulast=Sommers&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1750&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-21 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparisons of PBDE composition and concentration in fish collected from the Detroit River, MI and Des Plaines River, IL. AN - 72681278; 12431009 AB - Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were identified in fish collected from the Detroit River, MI and Des Plaines Rivers, IL. In the Detroit River fish, carp and large mouth bass, the congener patterns were dominated by the 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromo (BDE-47) congener, however, in Des Plaines River carp the dominant isomers were the heptabromo congeners BDE-181 and BDE-183 and lesser amounts of another heptabromo congener, BDE-190, and two hexabromo congeners, BDE-154 and BDE-153. Three possible sources exist for these less-commonly identified PBDE congeners: (a) waste discharge from manufacturing or discarded products near the river, (b) public owned treatment work (POTW) effluents which constitute more than 75% of the flow in the Des Plaines River, (c) or formation of these congeners by debromination of in-place deposits of decabromodiphenyl ether. Average concentration totals (sum of concentrations for seven of the dominant PBDE congeners) were similar on a wet weight bases for the carp (5.39 ng/g wet weight) and large mouth bass (5.25 ng/g) in the Detroit River samples; however, the bass were significantly higher, p = 0.01, when compared on a lipid basis (bass--163 ng/g vs. carp--40.5 ng/g lipid weight). Some of the PBDE congeners were positively correlated with increasing lipid levels in both fish species. Average total PBDE concentrations in the carp from the Des Plaines River (12.48 ng/g wet weight) were significantly higher, p = 0.01, than in carp from the Detroit River. The residues were isolated using standard organochlorine methods for fish and analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry-negative chemical ionization methods. JF - Chemosphere AU - Rice, C P AU - Chernyak, S M AU - Begnoche, L AU - Quintal, R AU - Hickey, J AD - US Department of Agriculture, ARS-Beltsville, Environmental Quality Laboratory, MD 20705, USA. ricec@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 731 EP - 737 VL - 49 IS - 7 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Ethers KW - 0 KW - Polybrominated Biphenyls KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Illinois KW - Michigan KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Fresh Water -- chemistry KW - Polybrominated Biphenyls -- analysis KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- analysis KW - Polybrominated Biphenyls -- pharmacokinetics KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- pharmacokinetics KW - Fishes -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72681278?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Comparisons+of+PBDE+composition+and+concentration+in+fish+collected+from+the+Detroit+River%2C+MI+and+Des+Plaines+River%2C+IL.&rft.au=Rice%2C+C+P%3BChernyak%2C+S+M%3BBegnoche%2C+L%3BQuintal%2C+R%3BHickey%2C+J&rft.aulast=Rice&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=731&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-31 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Functional analysis of regulatory elements in the gene promoter for an abscission-specific cellulase from bean and isolation, expression, and binding affinity of three TGA-type basic leucine zipper transcription factors. AN - 72664905; 12428013 AB - Site-directed mutagenesis was used to identify cis-acting elements that control hormonal and abscission-specific expression of the bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) abscission cellulase (BAC) promoter. Auxin inhibition of BAC promoter expression is at least in part controlled by a negatively regulated element and ethylene induction by a positively regulated element. One of a series of 15 different 10-bp mutations created in a 2.9-kb BAC promoter reduced reporter gene expression by 60%. The native sequence for this 10-bp mutation includes a TGA-type basic leucine zipper (bZIP) motif. Tandem ligation of three 18-bp BAC elements (Z-BAC), which includes the bZIP motif to a minimal -50 35S cauliflower mosaic virus promoter, enhanced expression in abscission zones (AZs) 13-fold over that of the minimal promoter alone. The native forward orientation of the Z-BAC elements was essential for high expression levels. Expression of the Z-BAC minimal construct was 3-fold greater in AZ than stems when compared with the expression levels of an internal control with an enhanced 35S cauliflower mosaic virus promoter. Polymerase chain reaction was used to identify three TGA-type bZIP transcription factors in an AZ cDNA library. One of these factors was of the class I type and two of the class II type. RNA-blot analysis was completed for these genes and electrophoretic mobility shift assays used to confirm their binding to the Z-BAC element. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay-binding affinity was greatest for the class I TGA-type bZIP factor. The results indicate a complex interaction of negative and positive regulating transcription factors that control BAC gene expression. JF - Plant physiology AU - Tucker, Mark L AU - Whitelaw, Catherine A AU - Lyssenko, Nicholas N AU - Nath, Pravendra AD - Soybean Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Building 006, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center-West, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA. tuckerm@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 1487 EP - 1496 VL - 130 IS - 3 SN - 0032-0889, 0032-0889 KW - DNA, Complementary KW - 0 KW - Ethylenes KW - Soybean Proteins KW - Transcription Factors KW - ethylene KW - 91GW059KN7 KW - Cellulase KW - EC 3.2.1.4 KW - SAC protein, Glycine max KW - Index Medicus KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Base Sequence KW - DNA, Complementary -- genetics KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Plant -- drug effects KW - Binding, Competitive KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - DNA, Complementary -- chemistry KW - DNA, Complementary -- isolation & purification KW - Binding Sites -- genetics KW - Protein Binding KW - Ethylenes -- pharmacology KW - Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid -- genetics KW - Leucine Zippers -- genetics KW - Transcription Factors -- metabolism KW - Cellulase -- metabolism KW - Phaseolus -- genetics KW - Soybean Proteins -- metabolism KW - Promoter Regions, Genetic -- genetics KW - Cellulase -- genetics KW - Transcription Factors -- genetics KW - Phaseolus -- drug effects KW - Soybean Proteins -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72664905?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+physiology&rft.atitle=Functional+analysis+of+regulatory+elements+in+the+gene+promoter+for+an+abscission-specific+cellulase+from+bean+and+isolation%2C+expression%2C+and+binding+affinity+of+three+TGA-type+basic+leucine+zipper+transcription+factors.&rft.au=Tucker%2C+Mark+L%3BWhitelaw%2C+Catherine+A%3BLyssenko%2C+Nicholas+N%3BNath%2C+Pravendra&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=130&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1487&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+physiology&rft.issn=00320889&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-20 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AF402607; GENBANK; AF402608; AF402609 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2000 Feb;13(2):191-202 [10659709] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 May 25;96(11):6523-8 [10339621] Plant Mol Biol. 2000 Mar;42(5):775-88 [10809449] J Biol Chem. 2000 Jun 30;275(26):19897-905 [10751419] Plant Physiol. 2001 Jun;126(2):494-500 [11402180] EMBO J. 1987 Dec 20;6(13):3901-7 [3327686] Nature. 1989 Aug 31;340(6236):727-30 [2528073] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Oct;86(20):7890-4 [2813365] Plant Cell. 1992 Oct;4(10):1309-19 [1446171] J Mol Biol. 1993 Apr 20;230(4):1131-44 [8487298] Plant J. 1993 Oct;4(4):711-6 [8252072] Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 1995;197:77-89 [7493498] Plant Mol Biol. 1996 Jun;31(3):595-606 [8790292] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 May 27;94(11):5961-6 [9159183] J Biol Chem. 1998 Oct 9;273(41):26631-7 [9756903] Plant Cell. 2000 Feb;12(2):279-90 [10662863] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - FUM1--a gene required for fumonisin biosynthesis but not for maize ear rot and ear infection by Gibberella moniliformis in field tests. AN - 72661842; 12423021 AB - We have analyzed the role of fumonisins in infection of maize (Zea mays) by Gibberella moniliformis (anamorph Fusarium verticillioides) in field tests in Illinois and Iowa, United States. Fumonisin-nonproducing mutants were obtained by disrupting FUM1 (previously FUM5), the gene encoding a polyketide synthase required for fumonisin biosynthesis. Maize ear rot, ear infection, and fumonisin contamination were assessed by silk-channel injection in 1999 and 2000 and also by spray application onto maize silks, injection into maize stalks, and application with maize seeds at planting in 1999. Ear rot was evaluated by visual assessment of whole ears and by calculating percentage of symptomatic kernels by weight. Fumonisin levels in kernels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The presence of applied strains in kernels was determined by analysis of recovered isolates for genetic markers and fumonisin production. Two independent fumonisin-nonproducing (fum1-3 and fum1-4) mutants were similar to their respective fumonisin-producing (FUM1-1) progenitor strains in ability to cause ear rot following silk-channel injection and also were similar in ability to infect maize ears following application by all four methods tested. This evidence confirms that fumonisins are not required for G. moniliformis to cause maize ear rot and ear infection. JF - Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI AU - Desjardins, A E AU - Munkvold, G P AU - Plattner, R D AU - Proctor, R H AD - National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. desjarae@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 1157 EP - 1164 VL - 15 IS - 11 SN - 0894-0282, 0894-0282 KW - Fumonisins KW - 0 KW - Multienzyme Complexes KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B2 KW - 116355-84-1 KW - fumonisin B3 KW - 136379-59-4 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Plant Diseases -- microbiology KW - Mutation KW - Multienzyme Complexes -- metabolism KW - Zea mays -- microbiology KW - Mycotoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Gibberella -- metabolism KW - Gibberella -- growth & development KW - Gibberella -- genetics KW - Fumonisins -- metabolism KW - Multienzyme Complexes -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72661842?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+plant-microbe+interactions+%3A+MPMI&rft.atitle=FUM1--a+gene+required+for+fumonisin+biosynthesis+but+not+for+maize+ear+rot+and+ear+infection+by+Gibberella+moniliformis+in+field+tests.&rft.au=Desjardins%2C+A+E%3BMunkvold%2C+G+P%3BPlattner%2C+R+D%3BProctor%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Desjardins&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+plant-microbe+interactions+%3A+MPMI&rft.issn=08940282&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-27 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Setting priorities for research on pollution reduction functions of agricultural buffers. AN - 72157588; 12375085 AB - The success of buffer installation initiatives and programs to reduce nonpoint source pollution of streams on agricultural lands will depend the ability of local planners to locate and design buffers for specific circumstances with substantial and predictable results. Current predictive capabilities are inadequate, and major sources of uncertainty remain. An assessment of these uncertainties cautions that there is greater risk of overestimating buffer impact than underestimating it. Priorities for future research are proposed that will lead more quickly to major advances in predictive capabilities. Highest priority is given for work on the surface runoff filtration function, which is almost universally important to the amount of pollution reduction expected from buffer installation and for which there remain major sources of uncertainty for predicting level of impact. Foremost uncertainties surround the extent and consequences of runoff flow concentration and pollutant accumulation. Other buffer functions, including filtration of groundwater nitrate and stabilization of channel erosion sources of sediments, may be important in some regions. However, uncertainty surrounds our ability to identify and quantify the extent of site conditions where buffer installation can substantially reduce stream pollution in these ways. Deficiencies in predictive models reflect gaps in experimental information as well as technology to account for spatial heterogeneity of pollutant sources, pathways, and buffer capabilities across watersheds. Since completion of a comprehensive watershed-scale buffer model is probably far off, immediate needs call for simpler techniques to gage the probable impacts of buffer installation at local scales. JF - Environmental management AU - Dosskey, Michael G AD - United States Department of Agriculture, National Agroforestry Center, East Campus-University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0822, USA. mdosskey@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 641 EP - 650 VL - 30 IS - 5 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Water Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Ecosystem KW - Filtration KW - Trees KW - Risk Assessment KW - Research Support as Topic KW - Agriculture KW - Water Supply KW - Water Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Conservation of Natural Resources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72157588?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+management&rft.atitle=Setting+priorities+for+research+on+pollution+reduction+functions+of+agricultural+buffers.&rft.au=Dosskey%2C+Michael+G&rft.aulast=Dosskey&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=641&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-24 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sensitivity of soil carbon stock estimates to soil spatial patterns AN - 51693771; 2005-054652 JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Bliss, Norman B AU - Waltman, Sharon W AU - Ping, Chien-Lu AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 1 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 83 IS - 47, Suppl. SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - United States KW - soils KW - spatial distribution KW - soil profiles KW - North Slope KW - carbon KW - Northern Alaska KW - Alaska KW - organic carbon KW - pedons KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51693771?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=Sensitivity+of+soil+carbon+stock+estimates+to+soil+spatial+patterns&rft.au=Bliss%2C+Norman+B%3BWaltman%2C+Sharon+W%3BPing%2C+Chien-Lu%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Bliss&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=47%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=F206&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2002 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alaska; carbon; North Slope; Northern Alaska; organic carbon; pedons; soil profiles; soils; spatial distribution; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of woody debris in boreal forest carbon sequestration AN - 51692956; 2005-054649 JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Manies, Kristen L AU - O'Neill, Katherine P AU - Harden, Jennifer W AU - Bond-Lamberty, Ben AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 1 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 83 IS - 47, Suppl. SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - United States KW - forests KW - terrestrial environment KW - wood KW - sequestration KW - effects KW - Manitoba KW - geochemical cycle KW - boreal environment KW - fires KW - debris KW - Canada KW - mass balance KW - carbon KW - Western Canada KW - ecology KW - Alaska KW - carbon cycle KW - storage KW - field studies KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51692956?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=The+role+of+woody+debris+in+boreal+forest+carbon+sequestration&rft.au=Manies%2C+Kristen+L%3BO%27Neill%2C+Katherine+P%3BHarden%2C+Jennifer+W%3BBond-Lamberty%2C+Ben%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Manies&rft.aufirst=Kristen&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=47%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=F205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2002 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alaska; boreal environment; Canada; carbon; carbon cycle; debris; ecology; effects; field studies; fires; forests; geochemical cycle; Manitoba; mass balance; sequestration; storage; terrestrial environment; United States; Western Canada; wood ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sediment transport-storage relations for degrading, gravel bed channels AN - 20981824; 5581865 AB - In a drainage network, sediment is transferred through a series of channel/valley segments (natural sediment storage reservoirs) that are distinguished from their neighbors by their particular capacity to store and transport sediment. We propose that the sediment transport capacity of each reservoir is a unique positive function of storage volume, which influences sediment mobility and availability through variations in bed surface texture, channel gradient, and availability of valley floor sediments for erosion. Examinations of the form of transport-storage relations of degrading alluvial reservoirs using published field studies, flume experiments, and simulations support a conceptual model that includes two phases. In phase I, filled channels respond to variations in supply primarily by changes in stored sediment volume, with little change in transport rate. In phase II, channel mobility is responsive to supply through armoring and form roughness. Although these phases could represent idealized transport-limited (phase 1) or supply-limited (phase II) states, we propose that every alluvial reservoir responds to changes in sediment inputs by changing both storage and transport rate, the propensity for either depending on reservoir characteristics and the sediment exchange processes in the channel. Transport-storage relations for phase II are approximately linear, but examination of numerical simulations and flume experiments indicates that armoring imparts positive curvature. Simulations of degradation of an alluvial reservoir with channel and valley floor surfaces indicate that interactions between channel lowering and lateral erosion are critical in the manifestation of a transport-storage relation. Better knowledge of transport-storage relations could lead to improved sediment-routing models for drainage basins wherein component sediment reservoirs dynamically adjust to varying sediment loads. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Lisle, TE AU - Church, M AD - Pacific Southwest Research Station, Redwood Sciences Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, 1700 Bayview Drive, Arcata, CA 95521, USA, tel7001@humboldt.edu Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 VL - 38 IS - 11 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Water reservoirs KW - Degradation KW - Water resources KW - Freshwater KW - Alluvial Channels KW - Decomposition KW - Volume transport KW - Channel Storage KW - Flumes KW - Catchment areas KW - Sediment transport KW - Sediment-carrying Capacity KW - Channel Morphology KW - Sediment Transport KW - Gravel KW - Catchment Areas KW - River basins KW - Model Studies KW - Erosion KW - Transport KW - Channels (see also Streams) KW - Sediment samples KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q2 09264:Sediments and sedimentation KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20981824?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Sediment+transport-storage+relations+for+degrading%2C+gravel+bed+channels&rft.au=Lisle%2C+TE%3BChurch%2C+M&rft.aulast=Lisle&rft.aufirst=TE&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2001WR001086 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Erosion; Gravel; Water reservoirs; Flumes; Water resources; River basins; Sediment transport; Volume transport; Sediment samples; Catchment areas; Transport; Decomposition; Channels (see also Streams); Sediment Transport; Channel Storage; Degradation; Catchment Areas; Channel Morphology; Alluvial Channels; Sediment-carrying Capacity; Model Studies; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001WR001086 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biotransfer Possibilities of Selenium from Plants Used in Phytoremediation AN - 20981120; 5649013 AB - We are investigating the biotransfer of accumulated Se by the plant in several phytoremediation systems. In study I, we evaluated the biotransfer of Se from Indian mustard, a Brassica species, to the insect-cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni); mortality, deterrence, and biomagnification of Se were examined. We determined that feeding behavior of food chain consumers was affected not only by the plant concentration of Se, but also by the mobility of the insects and choice of feed available. In study II, we examined the survival and development of beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) fed Se-enriched plant tissues from different lines of saltbush (Atriplexspp.) After feeding on lines of saltbush that produced high biomass and accumulated high concentrations of Se, insect growth and survival was reduced. In studies III, IV, and V, lambs, dairy cows, and rabbits were fed Se-enriched Brassica and Medicago (alfalfa) plants as part of their feed ration. None of the tested animals exhibited any Se toxicity symptoms, but they had increased levels of Se in most tissues sampled (e.g., organs, blood, urine, feces), excluding milk. In study VI, we evaluated biotransfer of Se from broccoli to rats to determine efficacy of Se for reducing colon cancer. We found that Se-enriched plant material was more effective than inorganic sources of Se for preventing precancerous colon lesions. Results from all studies clearly show that Se absorbed by plants can be transferred biologically in an intentional or unintentional manner to insects and animals. JF - International Journal of Phytoremediation AU - Baunelos, G S AU - Vickerman, D B AU - Trumble, J T AU - Shannon, M C AU - Davis, C D AU - Finley, J W AU - Mayland, H F AD - USDA-ARS, Water Management Research Laboratory, 9611 S. Riverbend, Parlier, CA 93648, USA Y1 - 2002/11/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 01 SP - 315 EP - 329 PB - CRC Press LLC, 2000 Corporate Blvd., NW Boca Raton FL 33431 USA, [mailto:journals@crcpress.com], [URL:http://www.crcpress.com] VL - 4 IS - 4 SN - 1522-6514, 1522-6514 KW - Cabbage looper KW - Insects KW - Lepidoptera KW - Noctuid moths KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Food chains KW - Spodoptera KW - Mobility KW - Survival KW - Development KW - Selenium KW - Phytoremediation KW - Consumers KW - Noctuidae KW - phytoremediation KW - Feeding behavior KW - Feces KW - Atriplex KW - Insecta KW - Mortality KW - Trichoplusia ni KW - Milk KW - Toxicity KW - Colon cancer KW - Food plants KW - Biomass KW - Brassica KW - Blood KW - Dairies KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Urine KW - Spodoptera exigua KW - Plant extracts KW - Medicago KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - W 30950:Waste Treatment & Pollution Clean-up KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20981120?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Phytoremediation&rft.atitle=Biotransfer+Possibilities+of+Selenium+from+Plants+Used+in+Phytoremediation&rft.au=Baunelos%2C+G+S%3BVickerman%2C+D+B%3BTrumble%2C+J+T%3BShannon%2C+M+C%3BDavis%2C+C+D%3BFinley%2C+J+W%3BMayland%2C+H+F&rft.aulast=Baunelos&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=315&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Phytoremediation&rft.issn=15226514&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mortality; Milk; Food chains; Mobility; Survival; Colon cancer; Development; Toxicity; Biomass; Food plants; Selenium; Blood; Dairies; Urine; Consumers; Plant extracts; Feces; Feeding behavior; phytoremediation; Bioaccumulation; Phytoremediation; Trichoplusia ni; Spodoptera; Spodoptera exigua; Noctuidae; Brassica; Atriplex; Medicago; Insecta ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Southern Forest Resource Assessment Highlights: Waters and Wetlands AN - 20709847; 5560606 AB - Public interest in the wetlands and waters of the South is high and likely to intensify as multiple demands on these resources inevitably increase. Indications are that widespread concerns about water quality will be joined by concerns for water quantity as the region's population and economy grow. The largely private forests of the South will likely be expected to satisfy even more public demand for wood products, recreational experiences, and ecological stability while generating clean water. The forestry community's response to these challenges will not only influence the quality of southern waters and wetlands, but will also likely dictate the operational flexibility that society permits forest managers in the future. JF - Journal of Forestry AU - Greis, J G AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Region, jgreis@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 42 EP - 45 VL - 100 IS - 7 SN - 0022-1201, 0022-1201 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - water quality KW - Water Demand KW - Water Supply KW - Water Quality KW - Wood KW - Resources Management KW - forest resources KW - Natural Resources KW - Recreation areas KW - Economics KW - Wetlands KW - Permits KW - Public concern KW - Forestry KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20709847?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Forestry&rft.atitle=Southern+Forest+Resource+Assessment+Highlights%3A+Waters+and+Wetlands&rft.au=Greis%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Greis&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=42&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Forestry&rft.issn=00221201&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - water quality; forest resources; Recreation areas; Economics; Wood; Wetlands; Public concern; Forestry; Natural Resources; Water Demand; Water Quality; Water Supply; Permits; Resources Management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Southern Forest Resource Assessment Highlights: Changing Demographics, Values, and Attitudes AN - 20157943; 5560604 AB - The South's forests are both important to and at the same time in the path of the region's growth. Research on social change for the Southern Forest Resource Assessment shows that rapid population growth and changing demographics are fueling growth of recreation demands and adding stresses on public and private forests. Concurrent with population and demand growth have been significant value and attitudinal changes among both land-owning and non-owning residents of the region. Southerners are clearly becoming greener. An opportunity to mitigate stresses on southern forests may lie in tapping Southerners' growing environmentalism to form effective cooperatives involving public and private interests and forestry professionals. JF - Journal of Forestry AU - Cordell, H K AU - Tarrant, MA AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Athens, GA, USA, kcordell@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 28 EP - 33 VL - 100 IS - 7 SN - 0022-1201, 0022-1201 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - demography KW - forest resources KW - population growth KW - Stress KW - social change KW - environmentalism KW - cooperatives KW - attitudes KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20157943?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Forestry&rft.atitle=Southern+Forest+Resource+Assessment+Highlights%3A+Changing+Demographics%2C+Values%2C+and+Attitudes&rft.au=Cordell%2C+H+K%3BTarrant%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Cordell&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=28&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Forestry&rft.issn=00221201&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - demography; forest resources; population growth; Stress; environmentalism; social change; cooperatives; attitudes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Facilitating Sediment Budget Construction for Land Management Applications AN - 20121779; 5574884 AB - Sediment budgets describe the production, transport, deposition and export of sediment in a catchment, and thus provide information useful for planning soil conservation, restoration and monitoring programmes and for evaluating existing and future environmental impacts. Five examples from New Zealand illustrate a variety of sediment budgeting approaches and their use in achieving goals relevant to land-use planning and management. Appropriate sediment budgeting strategies can be selected for a particular application only through careful consideration of the kinds of decisions that will follow from budgeting results. Sediment budget projects can be designed to incorporate the close co-operation between technical experts and clients that results in the most useful sediment budgets. JF - Journal of Environmental Planning and Management AU - Reid, L M AU - Trustrum, NA AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Redwood Sciences Laboratory, 1700 Bayview Drive, Arcata, CA 95512, USA, lmr7001@axe.humboldt.edu Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 865 EP - 887 VL - 45 IS - 6 SN - 0964-0568, 0964-0568 KW - New Zealand KW - sediment budgets KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Land Use KW - Sediment Transport KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Development projects KW - Land Management KW - Government programs KW - Case Studies KW - Environmental impact KW - Sustainable development KW - Decision Making KW - Land use KW - Sediment Yield KW - Planning KW - Catchments KW - Soil conservation KW - Environmental restoration KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20121779?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Planning+and+Management&rft.atitle=Facilitating+Sediment+Budget+Construction+for+Land+Management+Applications&rft.au=Reid%2C+L+M%3BTrustrum%2C+NA&rft.aulast=Reid&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=865&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Planning+and+Management&rft.issn=09640568&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F0964056022000024389 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental monitoring; Development projects; Government programs; Environmental impact; Catchments; Environmental restoration; Soil conservation; Sustainable development; Land use; Sediment Transport; Land Use; Sediment Yield; Land Management; Case Studies; Planning; Decision Making DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0964056022000024389 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Southern Forest Resource Assessment Highlights: Terrestrial Ecosystems and Wildlife Conservation AN - 19925883; 5560605 AB - Southern population and economic growth are putting pressure on wildlife species and the communities that support them. Loss of habitat is the primary reason why 132 southern terrestrial vertebrate species are of conservation concern, but other factors include environmental contaminants, exploitation, development, stream modification, and wetland degradation. A high proportion of rare forest communities are imperiled to some degree; 14 have estimated losses of 98 percent since European settlement. In the midst of continued regional growth, biological diversity will become a critical conservation issue. Each southern landowner has an important role in the conservation of species and their habitats. JF - Journal of Forestry AU - Trani, M K AD - USDA Forest Service, mgriep@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 35 EP - 40 VL - 100 IS - 7 SN - 0022-1201, 0022-1201 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Human Population KW - Environmental degradation KW - Economics KW - Wildlife KW - Conservation KW - Biodiversity KW - Wetlands KW - Resource exploitation KW - M1 320:Environmental & Natural Resource Development KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19925883?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Forestry&rft.atitle=Southern+Forest+Resource+Assessment+Highlights%3A+Terrestrial+Ecosystems+and+Wildlife+Conservation&rft.au=Trani%2C+M+K&rft.aulast=Trani&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Forestry&rft.issn=00221201&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental degradation; Wildlife; Economics; Biodiversity; Conservation; Wetlands; Resource exploitation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of adverse soil conditions on the formation and function of Arbuscular mycorrhizas AN - 19767141; 5568120 AB - The majority of plants have mycorrhizal fungi associated with them. Mycorrhizal fungi are ecologically significant because they form relationships in and on the roots of a host plant in a symbiotic association. The host plant provides the fungus with soluble carbon sources, and the fungus provides the host plant with an increased capacity to absorb water and nutrients from the soil. Adverse conditions are a pervasive feature in both natural and agronomic soils. The soil environment is constantly changing with regard to moisture, temperature and nutrient availability. In addition, soil properties are often manipulated to improve crop yields. In many cases, soils may be contaminated through disposal of chemicals that are toxic to plants and microorganisms. The formation and function of mycorrhizal relationships are affected by edaphic conditions such as soil composition, moisture, temperature, pH, cation exchange capacity, and also by anthropogenic stressors including soil compaction, metals and pesticides. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are of interest for their reported roles in alleviation of diverse soil-associated plant stressors, including those induced by metals and polychlorinated aliphatic and phenolic pollutants. Much mycorrhizal research has investigated the impact of extremes in water, temperature, pH and inorganic nutrient availability on mycorrhizal formation and nutrient acquisition. Evaluation of the efficacy of plant-mycorrhizal associations to remediate soils contaminated with toxic materials deserves increased attention. Before the full potential benefits of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to reclaim contaminated soils can be realized, research advances are needed to improve our understanding of the physiology of mycorrhizae subjected to adverse physical and chemical conditions. This paper will review literature and discuss the implications of soil contamination on formation and function of arbuscular mycorrhizal associations. JF - Advances in Environmental Research AU - Entry, JA AU - Rygiewicz, P T AU - Watrud, L S AU - Donnelly, P K AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, 3793 North 3600, East Kimberly, ID 83343, USA Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 123 EP - 138 VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 1093-0191, 1093-0191 KW - mycorrhizas KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Pollution Abstracts KW - Arbuscular mycorrhizas KW - Fungi KW - Soil KW - Stress KW - Soil remediation KW - Contamination KW - Physiology KW - Roots KW - Soil temperature KW - Nutrients KW - Carbon sources KW - Crops KW - Pollutants KW - Soil properties KW - phenolic compounds KW - pH effects KW - pH KW - Temperature effects KW - Metals KW - Nutrient availability KW - Temperature KW - Soil compaction KW - Soil contamination KW - Water temperature KW - Host plants KW - Phenols KW - Soil pollution KW - Cations KW - Pesticides KW - arbuscular mycorrhizas KW - Microorganisms KW - Plants KW - A 01047:General KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - K 03320:Cell Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19767141?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+Environmental+Research&rft.atitle=Influence+of+adverse+soil+conditions+on+the+formation+and+function+of+Arbuscular+mycorrhizas&rft.au=Entry%2C+JA%3BRygiewicz%2C+P+T%3BWatrud%2C+L+S%3BDonnelly%2C+P+K&rft.aulast=Entry&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+Environmental+Research&rft.issn=10930191&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1093-0191%2801%2900109-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Contamination; Physiology; Soil temperature; Roots; Nutrients; Carbon sources; Crops; Pollutants; Soil properties; phenolic compounds; pH effects; Temperature effects; Metals; Fungi; Nutrient availability; Soil compaction; Water temperature; Host plants; Phenols; Soil pollution; Cations; arbuscular mycorrhizas; Pesticides; Plants; Microorganisms; Soil remediation; Temperature; Soil contamination; pH; Arbuscular mycorrhizas DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1093-0191(01)00109-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of values and objectives in communicating indicators of sustainability AN - 19395106; 5533490 AB - Indicators can help package complex information into a usable form for public policy. We can think of no greater need for such clarity than the case of sustainability. The sustainability paradigm is applicable to the complex, urgent and interconnected problems we now face because of several characteristics. It is: (1) comprehensive and inclusive, (2) simple in concept and flexible, (3) value-based, and (4) an approach that necessitates consistency across policy areas. Indicators are needed to determine progress toward sustainability goals. In this paper, we argue that indicators of sustainability will only be effective if they support social learning by providing users with information they need in a form they can understand and relate to. These concepts also apply in other situations where policy makers must evaluate complex systems. We introduce a hierarchical control model, which is then used to demonstrate the path from values to objectives to actions and impacts, demonstrating the direct linkage from objectives to measures of the degree to which objectives have been reached. The model is extended first to sustainability goals and then to sustainability policies. We discuss the conceptual consistencies among the hierarchical model, sustainability theory and public policy processes. Using the concept of targeted indicators, we argue that science is effective when it is presented in a manner that is meaningful to the audience, and also represented in the context of their values and objectives. We conclude that the overlaps among policy, science and the publics' values and objectives cannot be ignored. Policy, and particularly sustainability policy, is value driven. However, for the contextual application of those values to be realistic, society must understand the status and functioning of social, economic and environmental systems and be aware of the consequences of their choices. Policy makers will be more likely to create attainable policy goals if they understand the importance of interactions between the environment and society and the implications of choosing one objective over another. Achievement of the public's objectives as embodied in policies can be facilitated through the use of indicators that have been derived from participatory processes, indicators that are chosen because they are meaningful to the public and reflect an understanding of their values and objectives. JF - Ecological Indicators AU - Shields, D J AU - Solar, S V AU - Martin, W E AD - USDA Forest Service--Research and Development, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2150A Center Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 149 EP - 160 VL - 2 IS - 1-2 SN - 1470-160X, 1470-160X KW - objectives KW - values KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Sustainable yield KW - Socio-economic aspects KW - Planning KW - Communication KW - Sustainable development KW - Government policy KW - D 04890:Planning/development KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19395106?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Indicators&rft.atitle=The+role+of+values+and+objectives+in+communicating+indicators+of+sustainability&rft.au=Shields%2C+D+J%3BSolar%2C+S+V%3BMartin%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Shields&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Indicators&rft.issn=1470160X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1470-160X%2802%2900042-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sustainable yield; Socio-economic aspects; Planning; Communication; Government policy; Sustainable development DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1470-160X(02)00042-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sensorial and Chemical Quality of Gamma-Irradiated Fresh-Cut Iceberg Lettuce in Modified Atmosphere Packages AN - 18941207; 5728788 AB - A study was conducted to investigate the effects of various doses of irradiation on the quality of fresh-cut iceberg lettuce and to determine a suitable maximum dose. Fresh-cut iceberg lettuce packaged in film bags was exposed to 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 kGy of gamma radiation and stored at 3 degree C for 14 days. CO sub(2) levels were higher and O sub(2) levels were lower in packages containing irradiated lettuce than in those containing nonirradiated lettuce for most of the storage period. Comparison with nonirradiated lettuce indicated that total ascorbic acid (ascorbic acid plus dehydroascorbic acid) content and firmness were not significantly influenced by irradiation at 1 or 2 kGy. The overall visual appearance was best for lettuce irradiated at 1 or 2 kGy. This improved quality may be related to the high CO sub(2) and low O sub(2) levels observed for the irradiated samples. Electrolyte leakage for lettuce increased with higher radiation doses and was correlated (R super(2) = 0.99) with a soggy appearance. The leakage for lettuce irradiated at greater than or equal to 2 kGy was significantly more extensive than that for nonirradiated lettuce. The irradiation of fresh-cut lettuce in modified atmosphere packages at doses of 1 kGy and perhaps 2 kGy for safety enhancement and quality improvement is feasible. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Fan, Xuetong AU - Sokorai, KJB AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 1760 EP - 1765 VL - 65 IS - 11 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Lettuce KW - ascorbic acid KW - electrolytes KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - ^g Radiation KW - Gamma radiation KW - Food contamination KW - Ascorbic acid KW - Oxygen KW - Lactuca sativa KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Food irradiation KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18941207?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Sensorial+and+Chemical+Quality+of+Gamma-Irradiated+Fresh-Cut+Iceberg+Lettuce+in+Modified+Atmosphere+Packages&rft.au=Fan%2C+Xuetong%3BSokorai%2C+KJB&rft.aulast=Fan&rft.aufirst=Xuetong&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1760&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lactuca sativa; Oxygen; Carbon dioxide; Food contamination; Gamma radiation; Food irradiation; Ascorbic acid; ^g Radiation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil properties and microbial activity across a 500 m elevation gradient in a semi-arid environment AN - 18752760; 5630395 AB - If climate change causes the semi-arid shrub-steppe to become hotter and drier it may affect soil C and N cycling and precipitate changes in soil processes and microbial and plant community structure. This study was conducted, using an elevation gradient as an analog of climate change, to analyze climatic influence on soil microbial activity and soil properties. We collected soil from under cryptogamic crust and bunchgrass plants at 25 sites over a 500 m elevation transect in a shrub-steppe ecosystem located in eastern Washington State of the US. The samples were analyzed for several chemical and microbiological attributes including pH, microbial biomass and nitrification potential and the data grouped into five climate sites for statistical analysis. Soil pH decreased over the transect with higher pH values in the grass soil than the crust. In contrast soil electrical conductivity (EC) increased with increasing elevation as did both ammonium and nitrate. Ammonium and EC were greater in the crust soil than the grass soil but nitrate concentration was the same under both plant covers. Both total C and N amounts increased with elevation as did nitrification potential. Due to high sample spatial variability microbial biomass, respiration and N mineralization showed non-significant trends over the 500 m elevation transect. Using these measured gradient relationships the increase in temperature and decrease in precipitation that is expected in this shrub-steppe ecosystem over the next 100 years would eventually cause the pH to increase and the EC to decrease. Plants would become more sparse, nitrification potential would decrease and ammonium would increase. Total C, N and microbial biomass concentrations would begin decreasing and may shift the controlling factors of the ecosystem to abiotic factors. The changes in the cycling of N and to some extent C due to climate change could alter the microbial and plant community structure and function of this ecosystem and cause it to move in the direction of desertification. JF - Soil Biology and Biochemistry AU - Smith, J L AU - Halvorson, J J AU - Bolton, H Jr AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Washington State University, 215 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164-6421, USA, jlsmith@mail.wsu.edu Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 1749 EP - 1757 VL - 34 IS - 11 SN - 0038-0717, 0038-0717 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04600:Soil UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18752760?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Soil+properties+and+microbial+activity+across+a+500+m+elevation+gradient+in+a+semi-arid+environment&rft.au=Smith%2C+J+L%3BHalvorson%2C+J+J%3BBolton%2C+H+Jr&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1749&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00380717&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial synchrony in forest insect outbreaks: Roles of regional stochasticity and dispersal AN - 18740433; 5621398 AB - Spatial synchrony, that is, correlated population fluctuation over wide geographical areas, has been detected in diverse taxa and over various geographical scales. The most commonly suggested mechanisms to explain spatial synchrony include dispersal and regional stochasticity (i.e., the Moran effect). We analyzed landscape-scale historical outbreak data for six forest insect species: spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana), western spruce budworm (C. occidentalis), larch bud moth (Zeiraphera diniana), forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria), mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae), and gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar). We used a recently developed statistical method (the nonparametric covariance function) for quantifying the magnitude and spatial range of synchrony in both outbreak and corresponding weather data. The varying dispersal capabilities of the species enabled us to speculate on the relative importance of dispersal vs. the Moran effect as potential mechanisms behind the observed patterns. Our results indicated that spatial synchrony was not directly associated with dispersal capabilities at the spatial scales considered. In contrast, the spatial correlation in weather variables was high enough to account for the levels of synchrony observed in the outbreak data. Therefore, the Moran effect appeared to be the more dominant process affecting the spatial dynamics of these species at the landscape scale. In general, however, the synchrony in outbreaks declined more steeply with geographical distance than the correlation in the weather variables, breaking with the predictions of Moran's theorem. A more detailed analysis of gypsy moth outbreak data showed that local dynamics varied considerably in a spatially dependent manner. The existence of such variation violates one of the assumptions of the Moran's theorem, namely, that the dynamic properties of disjunct populations are identical. We used a simple theoretical model to demonstrate that such geographical variation in local population dynamics may indeed force synchrony to decline more rapidly with distance than the correlation in the environment. JF - Ecology AU - Peltonen, M AU - Liebhold, AM AU - Bjoernstad, ON AU - Williams, D W AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, 180 Canfield Street, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 3120 EP - 3129 PB - Ecological Society of America VL - 83 IS - 11 SN - 0012-9658, 0012-9658 KW - Forest tent caterpillars KW - Gypsy Moth KW - Lasiocampidae KW - Lepidoptera KW - Mountain pine beetle KW - Spruce budworm KW - Tortricidae KW - scolytidae KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18740433?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology&rft.atitle=Spatial+synchrony+in+forest+insect+outbreaks%3A+Roles+of+regional+stochasticity+and+dispersal&rft.au=Peltonen%2C+M%3BLiebhold%2C+AM%3BBjoernstad%2C+ON%3BWilliams%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Peltonen&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=3120&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecology&rft.issn=00129658&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential effects of citrus peel extracts on growth of Penicillium digitatum, P. italicum, and P. expansum AN - 18734928; 5614002 AB - Most pathogenic species of Penicillium have a limited host range, suggesting unique adaptations to particular hosts. P. digitatum and P. italicum are primarily pathogens of mature citrus fruit, while P. expansum has a broad host range, but does not infect citrus. One possible basis of host specificity is that the pathogens are physiologically adapted to grow in the presence of the many bioactive compounds present in the citrus peel. To test this, peels from the fruit of seven Citrus sp. were extracted with 80% ethanol, concentrated and standardized. Growth of P. digitatum, P. italicum and P. expansum on potato dextrose broth, alone, or plus extract, was quantified by measuring conversion of the vital stain, thiazol blue. All citrus peel extracts stimulated growth of P. digitatum andP. italicum at greater dilution and to a greater degree than P. expansum. Marsh' grapefruit extract was separated into hexanes, ethyl acetate and aqueous partitioning fractions. The aqueous fraction was active at the greatest dilution tested, the hexanes fraction was active only at the highest concentration tested, while the ethyl acetate fraction had no stimulatory activity. When the aqueous and hexanes fractions were combined, growth increased tremendously, indicating a synergistic effect. The primary growth stimulating component in the hexanes fraction of grapefruit was identified as nootkatone. Growth ofP. digitatum and P. italicum is stimulated by components present in citrus peel. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. JF - Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology AU - Stange, R R AU - Midland, S L AU - Sims, J J AU - Greg McCollum, T AD - A1a U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 2001 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, U.S.A. Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 303 EP - 311 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd VL - 61 IS - 5 SN - 0885-5765, 0885-5765 KW - citrus peel extracts KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18734928?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physiological+and+Molecular+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Differential+effects+of+citrus+peel+extracts+on+growth+of+Penicillium+digitatum%2C+P.+italicum%2C+and+P.+expansum&rft.au=Stange%2C+R+R%3BMidland%2C+S+L%3BSims%2C+J+J%3BGreg+McCollum%2C+T&rft.aulast=Stange&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Physiological+and+Molecular+Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=08855765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fpmpp.2003.0447 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/pmpp.2003.0447 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trampling Disturbance of High-Elevation Vegetation, Wind River Mountains, Wyoming, U.S.A. AN - 18682516; 5582043 AB - Trampling experiments were conducted in five high-elevation plant communities in the Wind River Mountains. In one experiment (simulating infrequent acute disturbance), plots were trampled once and recovery was followed for 3 yr. In another experiment (simulating chronic disturbance), plots were trampled for three successive years and recovery was followed for one year. Yearly trampling intensities were 0 to 500 passes (up to 800 and 1000 in two communities). Structural responses (reductions in cover and height) were more pronounced than compositional responses. Low levels of trampling caused substantial reductions in cover and height, but rates of change decreased as trampling intensity increased. The ability of different plant communities to tolerate trampling disturbance varied by at least an order of magnitude, suggesting that impacts can be reduced by directing use to more tolerant plant communities. Moreover, tolerance can be gauged on the basis of readily observable plant characteristics. Plant communities with groundcover dominated by chamaephytes (primarily low, woody shrubs) or by erect, caulescent forbs were less resistant than those with groundcovers dominated by turf-forming or caespitose graminoids, or by forbs with matted, caespitose or rosette growth forms. Plant communities with woody, chamaephytic groundcover were less resilient than other plant communities. JF - Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research AU - Cole, D N AU - Monz, CA AD - Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute, Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 8089, Missoula, MT 59807, USA, dcole@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 365 EP - 376 VL - 34 IS - 4 SN - 1523-0430, 1523-0430 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04712:Environmental degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18682516?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arctic%2C+Antarctic%2C+and+Alpine+Research&rft.atitle=Trampling+Disturbance+of+High-Elevation+Vegetation%2C+Wind+River+Mountains%2C+Wyoming%2C+U.S.A.&rft.au=Cole%2C+D+N%3BMonz%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=365&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Arctic%2C+Antarctic%2C+and+Alpine+Research&rft.issn=15230430&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Arabidopsis ecotype variability in camalexin production and reaction to infection by Alternaria brassicicola AN - 18658412; 5564799 AB - Camalexin production was compared in 24 ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana. Detached Arabidopsis leaves were inoculated with Cochliobolus carbonum, an incompatible pathogen of Arabidopsis, to test the ability of each ecotype to produce camalexin. Whole plants were inoculated with Alternaria brassicicola, a crucifer pathogen, to determine if there was a correlation between the ability of an ecotype to produce camalexin and its resistance to A. brassicicola. All ecotypes were capable of producing camalexin, but the amounts produced relative to the Columbia ecotype (used as a standard) varied within and among ecotypes, and among experiments. Different degrees of resistance to A. brassicicola were observed among ecotypes, both macroscopically and microscopically. Extraction of A. brassicicola-inoculated leaves revealed that only four ecotypes (two resistant and two susceptible) produced easily detectable amounts of camalexin in response to this pathogen. TLC plate bioassays suggested that A. brassicicola was relatively insensitive to camalexin, thus casting some doubt on the importance of this compound in defense. These studies suggest that the role of camalexin in disease resistance varies among different Arabidopsis populations in nature, and they provide some clues to other possible determinants of resistance to A. brassicicola. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Kagan, IA AU - Hammerschmidt, R AD - USDA-ARS-NPURU P.O. Box 8048 Oxford, MS 38677, USA, ikagan@olemiss.edu Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 2121 EP - 2140 VL - 28 IS - 11 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - camalexin KW - ecotypes KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - D 04623:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18658412?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Arabidopsis+ecotype+variability+in+camalexin+production+and+reaction+to+infection+by+Alternaria+brassicicola&rft.au=Kagan%2C+IA%3BHammerschmidt%2C+R&rft.aulast=Kagan&rft.aufirst=IA&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hirsutella thompsonii and Metarhizium anisopliae as potential microbial control agents of Varroa destructor, a honey bee parasite AN - 18656047; 5553503 AB - The potential of Hirsutella thompsonii Fisher and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschinkoff) as biological control agents of the parasitic mite, Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman was evaluated in the laboratory and in observation hives. In the laboratory, time required for 90% cumulative mortality of mites (LT90) was 4.16 (3.98-4.42) days for H. thompsonii and 5.85 (5.48-7.43) days for M. anisopliae at 1.110 super(3) conidia mm super(-2). At a temperature (34 plus or minus 1 degree C) similar to that of the broodnest in a honey bee colony, Apis mellifera L., H. thompsonii [LC90=9.9010 super(1) (5.86-19.35) conidia mm super(-2) at Day 7] and M. anisopliae [LC90=7.1310 super(3) (2.80-23.45) conidia mm super(-2) at Day 7] both showed significant virulence against V. destructor. The applications of H. thompsonii to observation hives resulted in significant mortality of mites, and reduction of the number of mites per bee 21 and 42 days post-treatments. The treatments did not significantly affect the mite population in sealed brood. However, the fungus must have persisted because infected mites were still observed [82.97 plus or minus (0.6)%] 42 days post-treatment. In addition, the fungus was found to sporulate on the host. A small percentage [2.86 plus or minus (0.2)%] of dead mites found in the control hives also showed fungal infection, suggesting that adult bees drifted between hives and disseminated the fungus. H. thompsonii was harmless to the honey bees at the concentrations applied and did not have any deleterious effects on the fecundity of the queens. Microbial control with fungal pathogens provides promising new avenues for control of V. destructor and could be a useful component of an integrated pest management program for the honey bee industry. JF - Journal of Invertebrate Pathology AU - Kanga, LHB AU - James, R R AU - Boucias, D G AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beneficial Insects Research Unit, 2413 E. Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA, lkanga@weslaco.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 175 EP - 184 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 81 IS - 3 SN - 0022-2011, 0022-2011 KW - Honey bee KW - Honeybee mite KW - honeybees KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - A 01118:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18656047?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.atitle=Hirsutella+thompsonii+and+Metarhizium+anisopliae+as+potential+microbial+control+agents+of+Varroa+destructor%2C+a+honey+bee+parasite&rft.au=Kanga%2C+LHB%3BJames%2C+R+R%3BBoucias%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Kanga&rft.aufirst=LHB&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.issn=00222011&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Daily and Seasonal Activity Patterns of Rhagoletis indifferens (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Washington State AN - 18637050; 5543146 AB - The diurnal and seasonal activity patterns of the western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran, were determined on three sweet cherry trees, Prunus avium (L.), from 0700 to 1900 hours during June and July 2001 in Yakima County, WA. There were significant effects of time of day and season on numbers of flies seen on fruit relative to leaves, indicating that presence on or attraction to these substrates for feeding, mating, or oviposition, whether caused by visual or chemical cues, was greatly modified by temperature. When temperatures were 15-16 degree C at 0700 hours in early June, flies of both sexes were seen mostly on leaves, but when the temperature reached 20 degree C, more flies of both sexes moved onto fruit. Peak fly sightings occurred at 25-35 degree C, usually after 1000 hours. At >35 degree C, most flies vanished from view, and those seen were less active. Over the entire season, males were seen four times more often than females and spent more time on fruit than on leaves. Females were seen equally on and spent equal time on fruit and leaves when temperatures were 20-35 degree C. Mating was initiated on fruit but was completed on fruit and leaves. Overall fly sightings and daily temperatures were positively correlated early in the season when it was cooler, uncorrelated in the middle of the season, and negatively correlated in late season when it was warmest. The results show that R. indifferens presence and times spent on fruit and leaves are greatly altered by daily and seasonal changes in temperature, but they also suggest that at 20-35 degree C substrate-seeking behaviors of each sex do not change with time of day or season. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Yee, W L Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 701 EP - 710 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 95 IS - 6 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Diptera KW - Fruit flies KW - Western cherry fruit fly KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25503:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18637050?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Daily+and+Seasonal+Activity+Patterns+of+Rhagoletis+indifferens+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29+in+Washington+State&rft.au=Yee%2C+W+L&rft.aulast=Yee&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=701&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0013-8746%282002%29095%280701%3ADASAPO%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0013-8746&volume=95&page=701 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0013-8746(2002)095(0701:DASAPO)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Homologous recombination and double-strand break repair in the transformation of Rhizopus oryzae AN - 18631966; 5535813 AB - Genetic transformation of the Mucorales fungi has been problematic, since DNA transformed into the host rarely integrates and usually is mitotically unstable in the absence of selective pressure. In this study, transformation of Rhizopus oryzae was investigated to determine if the fate of introduced DNA could be predicted based on double-strand break repair and recombination mechanisms found in other fungi. A transformation system was developed with uracil auxotrophs of Rhizopus oryzae that could be complemented with the pyrG gene isolated in this work. DNA transformed as circular plasmids was maintained extrachromosomally in high-molecular-weight (>23 kb) concatenated arrangement. Type-I crossover integration into the pyrG locus and type-III pyrG gene replacement events occurred in approximately 1-5% of transformants. Linearization of the plasmid pPyr225 with a single restriction enzyme that cleaves within the vector sequence almost always resulted in isolates with replicating concatenated plasmids that had been repaired by end-joining recombination that restored the restriction site. The addition of a 40-bp direct repeat on either side of this cleavage site led to repair by homologous recombination between the repeated sequences on the plasmid, resulting in loss of the restriction site. When plasmid pPyr225 was digested with two different enzymes that cleave within the vector sequence to release the pyrG containing fragment, only pyrG gene replacement recombination occurred in transformants. Linearization of plasmid pPyr225 within the pyrG gene itself gave the highest percentage (20%) of type-I integration at the pyrG locus. However, end-joining repair and gene replacement events were still the predominant types of recombination found in transformations with this plasmid topology. JF - Molecular Genetics and Genomics AU - Skory, C D AD - Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA, skorycd@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 397 EP - 406 PB - Springer-Verlag, [URL:http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00438/bibs/2268 003/22680397.htm] VL - 268 IS - 3 SN - 1617-4615, 1617-4615 KW - pyrG gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Genetics Abstracts KW - J 02725:DNA KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18631966?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Genetics+and+Genomics&rft.atitle=Homologous+recombination+and+double-strand+break+repair+in+the+transformation+of+Rhizopus+oryzae&rft.au=Skory%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Skory&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=268&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=397&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Genetics+and+Genomics&rft.issn=16174615&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00438-002-0760-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00438-002-0760-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution and annual net accumulation of above-ground dead phytomass and its influence on throughfall quality in a Mexican tropical deciduous forest ecosystem AN - 18625218; 5523192 AB - The amount and annual net accumulation of above-ground dead woody material were quantified in a tropical deciduous forest in western Mexico. Three plots were located within a small watershed (16 ha) and distributed along a 150-m-elevation gradient (Upper, Middle and Lower plot). Total amount of above-ground dead phytomass (fine + coarse) was 27.2 Mg ha super(-1). Coarse dead category (branches + logs) made up 70.6% (19.2 Mg ha super(-1)) of the total. The rest comprised the fine fraction, which was lying on the forest floor as surface litter. Of the total coarse dead woody mass, 70.8% was standing, hanging or still attached to live trees (13.6 Mg ha super(-1)). Dead wood net accumulation was 6.6 Mg ha super(-1) y super(-1); 58% of this was coarse woody material and the rest comprised the fine litterfall fraction. The amount of standing, hanging/attached dead branches (2-20 cm circumference) varied significantly among plots, with the highest value in the Upper plot. Dead wood net accumulation was similar between the Upper and Middle plots, and significantly higher than the Lower plot. Compared to the intact canopy, the removal of dead mass (hanging/attached dead branches and standing dead logs) caused a significant decrease in throughfall nutrient concentration and nutrient flux by this pathway. JF - Journal of Tropical Ecology AU - Maass, J M AU - Martinez-Yrizar, A AU - Patino, C AU - Sarukhan, J AD - Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory (USDA-FS), 3160 Coweeta Lab. Road, Otto, NC 28763, USA, maass@oikos.unam.mx Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 821 EP - 834 VL - 18 IS - 6 SN - 0266-4674, 0266-4674 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04126:Tropical forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18625218?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Tropical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Distribution+and+annual+net+accumulation+of+above-ground+dead+phytomass+and+its+influence+on+throughfall+quality+in+a+Mexican+tropical+deciduous+forest+ecosystem&rft.au=Maass%2C+J+M%3BMartinez-Yrizar%2C+A%3BPatino%2C+C%3BSarukhan%2C+J&rft.aulast=Maass&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=821&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Tropical+Ecology&rft.issn=02664674&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017%2FS0266467402002535 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0266467402002535 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fermentation of sugar mixtures using Escherichia coli catabolite repression mutants engineered for production of L-lactic acid AN - 18623885; 5528560 AB - Conversion of lignocellulose to lactic acid requires strains capable of fermenting sugar mixtures of glucose and xylose. Recombinant Escherichia coli strains were engineered to selectively produce L-lactic acid and then used to ferment sugar mixtures. Three of these strains were catabolite repression mutants (ptsG super(-)) that have the ability to simultaneously ferment glucose and xylose. The best results were obtained for ptsG super(-) strain FBR19. FBR19 cultures had a yield of 0.77 (g lactic acid/g added sugar) when used to ferment a 100 g/l total equal mixture of glucose and xylose. The strain also consumed 75% of the xylose. In comparison, the ptsG super(+) strains had yields of 0.47-0.48 g/g and consumed 18-22% of the xylose. FBR19 was subsequently used to ferment a variety of glucose (0-40 g/l ) and xylose (40 g/l) mixtures. The lactic acid yields ranged from 0.74 to 1.00 g/g. Further experiments were conducted to discover the mechanism leading to the poor yields for ptsG super(+) strains. Xylose isomerase (XI) activity, a marker for induction of xylose metabolism, was monitored for FBR19 and a ptsG super(+) control during fermentations of a sugar mixture. Crude protein extracts prepared from FBR19 had 10-12 times the specific XI activity of comparable samples from ptsG super(+) strains. Therefore, higher expression of xylose metabolic genes in the ptsG super(-) strain may be responsible for superior conversion of xylose to product compared to the ptsG super(+) fermentations. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Dien, B S AU - Nichols, N N AU - Bothast, R J AD - Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 221 EP - 227 VL - 29 IS - 5 SN - 1367-5435, 1367-5435 KW - glucose KW - lactic acid KW - xylose KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01015:Fermentation & related processes KW - W2 32580:Fermentation and process engineering KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18623885?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Fermentation+of+sugar+mixtures+using+Escherichia+coli+catabolite+repression+mutants+engineered+for+production+of+L-lactic+acid&rft.au=Dien%2C+B+S%3BNichols%2C+N+N%3BBothast%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Dien&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fsj.jim.7000299 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.7000299 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Integration of sequence tagged microsatellite sites to the chickpea genetic map AN - 18621676; 5535600 AB - Fifty sequence-tagged microsatellite site (STMS) markers and a resistant gene-analog (RGA) locus were integrated into a chickpea (Cicer arietinum L., 2n = 2x = 16 chromosomes) genetic map that was previously constructed using 142 F sub(6)-derived recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross of C. arietinum x Cicer reticulatum Lad. The map covers 1,174.5 cM with an average distance of 7.0 cM between markers in nine linkage groups (LGs). Nine markers including the RGA showed distorted segregation (P < 0.05). The majority of the newly integrated markers were mapped to marker-dense regions of the LGs. Six co-dominant STMS markers were integrated into two previously reported major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) conferring resistance to Ascochyta blight caused by Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Labr. Using common STMS markers as anchors, three maps developed from different mapping populations were joined, and genes for resistance to Ascochyta blight, Fusarium wilt (caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend.: Fr. f. sp. ciceris), and for agronomically important traits were located on the combined linkage map. The integration of co-dominant STMS markers improves the map of chickpea and makes it possible to consider additional fine mapping of the genome and also map-based cloning of important disease resistance genes. JF - Theoretical and Applied Genetics AU - Tekeoglu, M AU - Rajesh, P N AU - Muehlbauer, F J AD - USDA-ARS, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, 303 Johnson Hall, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6434, USA Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 847 EP - 854 PB - Springer-Verlag, [URL:http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00122/bibs/2105 6-7/21050847.htm] VL - 105 IS - 6-7 SN - 0040-5752, 0040-5752 KW - Chickpea KW - RGA gene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - G 07354:Dicotyledons (crops) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 310:Agricultural Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18621676?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Theoretical+and+Applied+Genetics&rft.atitle=Integration+of+sequence+tagged+microsatellite+sites+to+the+chickpea+genetic+map&rft.au=Tekeoglu%2C+M%3BRajesh%2C+P+N%3BMuehlbauer%2C+F+J&rft.aulast=Tekeoglu&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=6-7&rft.spage=847&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Theoretical+and+Applied+Genetics&rft.issn=00405752&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00122-002-0993-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00122-002-0993-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Branch growth and gas exchange in 13-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) trees in response to elevated carbon dioxide concentration and fertilization AN - 18616061; 5526949 AB - We used whole-tree, open-top chambers to expose 13-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees, growing in soil with high or low nutrient availability, to either ambient or elevated (ambient + 200 mu mol mol super(-1)) carbon dioxide concentration ([CO sub(2)]) for 28 months. Branch growth and morphology, foliar chemistry and gas exchange characteristics were measured periodically in the upper, middle and lower crown during the 2 years of exposure. Fertilization and elevated [CO sub(2)] increased branch leaf area by 38 and 13%, respectively, and the combined effects were additive. Fertilization and elevated [CO sub(2)] differentially altered needle lengths, number of fascicles and flush length such that flush density (leaf area/flush length) increased with improved nutrition but decreased in response to elevated [CO sub(2)]. These results suggest that changes in nitrogen availability and atmospheric [CO sub(2)] may alter canopy structure, resulting in greater foliage retention and deeper crowns in loblolly pine forests. Fertilization increased foliar nitrogen concentration (N sub(M)), but had no consistent effect on foliar leaf mass (W sub(A)) or light-saturated net photosynthesis (A sub(sat)). However, the correlation between A sub(sat) and leaf nitrogen per unit area (N sub(A) = W sub(A)N sub(M)) ranged from strong to weak depending on the time of year, possibly reflecting seasonal shifts in the form and pools of leaf nitrogen. Elevated [CO sub(2)] had no effect on W sub(A), N sub(M) or N sub(A), but increased A sub(sat) on average by 82%. Elevated [CO sub(2)] also increased photosynthetic quantum efficiency and lowered the light compensation point, but had no effect on the photosynthetic response to intercellular [CO sub(2)], hence there was no acclimation to elevated [CO sub(2)]. Daily photosynthetic photon flux density at the upper, middle and lower canopy position was 60, 54 and 33%, respectively, of full sun incident to the top of the canopy. Despite the relatively high light penetration, W sub(A), N sub(A), A sub(sat) and R sub(d) decreased with crown depth. Although growth enhancement in response to elevated [CO sub(2)] was dependent on fertilization, [CO sub(2)] by fertilization interactions and treatment by canopy position interactions generally had little effect on the physiological parameters measured. JF - Tree Physiology AU - Maier, CA AU - Johnsen, KH AU - Butnor, J AU - Kress, L W AU - Anderson, PH AD - USDA Forest Service, 3041 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA, cmaier@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 1093 EP - 1106 VL - 22 IS - 15-16 SN - 0829-318X, 0829-318X KW - Loblolly pine KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04635:Conifers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18616061?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tree+Physiology&rft.atitle=Branch+growth+and+gas+exchange+in+13-year-old+loblolly+pine+%28Pinus+taeda%29+trees+in+response+to+elevated+carbon+dioxide+concentration+and+fertilization&rft.au=Maier%2C+CA%3BJohnsen%2C+KH%3BButnor%2C+J%3BKress%2C+L+W%3BAnderson%2C+PH&rft.aulast=Maier&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=15-16&rft.spage=1093&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tree+Physiology&rft.issn=0829318X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potential of some Metarhizium anisopliae isolates for control of Culex quinquefasciatus (Dipt., Culicidae) AN - 18615005; 5537005 AB - The potential of some isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana for use in the integrated management of Culex quinquefasciatus was evaluated. Metarhizium anisopliae isolate 1037 was selected in initial bioassays with a 50% lethal concentration (LC sub(50)) of 1.97 x 10 super(4) conidia/ml. This fungus caused higher mosquito larva mortality when applied as a conidial suspension to the surface of the water than as dry conidia, with a time to 50% lethal (LT sub(50)) of 1 day compared with 3.6 days for the dry conidial application. However, results with UV- and heat-inactivated conidia did not confirm a possible role of fungal toxins in causing mortality when ingested by C. quinquefasciatus larvae. Metarhizium anisopliae did not remain active for as long as the bacterium Bacillus sphaericus isolate 2362. At 24 h after application, the fungus-induced mortality on mosquito larvae was significantly lower than the mortality caused by the bacterium. By the second day, almost no activity by the fungus was observed. Results suggest that M. anisopliae isolate 1037 has potential for use in mosquito control programmes. JF - Journal of Applied Entomology AU - Alves, S B AU - Alves, L F AU - Lopes, R B AU - Pereira, R M AU - Vieira, SA AD - Departamento de Entomologia, Fitopatologia e Zoologia Agricola, ESALQ-Universidade de Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil, rpereira@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu rpereira@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu rpereira@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu rpereira@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 504 EP - 509 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 126 IS - 9 SN - 0931-2048, 0931-2048 KW - Mosquitoes KW - Southern house mosquito KW - fungal toxins KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Culex quinquefasciatus KW - Biological control KW - Beauveria bassiana KW - Biological poisons KW - Fungi KW - Larvae KW - Culicidae KW - Conidia KW - Pest control KW - Freshwater KW - Toxins KW - Metarhizium anisopliae KW - Insecticides KW - Bioassays KW - Insect larvae KW - Aquatic insects KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control KW - A 01023:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18615005?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Entomology&rft.atitle=Potential+of+some+Metarhizium+anisopliae+isolates+for+control+of+Culex+quinquefasciatus+%28Dipt.%2C+Culicidae%29&rft.au=Alves%2C+S+B%3BAlves%2C+L+F%3BLopes%2C+R+B%3BPereira%2C+R+M%3BVieira%2C+SA&rft.aulast=Alves&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=126&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=504&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Entomology&rft.issn=09312048&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1439-0418.2002.00674.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological control; Bioassays; Insecticides; Biological poisons; Insect larvae; Pest control; Aquatic insects; Fungi; Larvae; Conidia; Toxins; Culex quinquefasciatus; Beauveria bassiana; Culicidae; Metarhizium anisopliae; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0418.2002.00674.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rural Roads Vulnerability Reduction Assessment, Mitigation Measures, and Training AN - 18614711; 5525774 AB - Considerable experience has been gained in the assessment of storm damage to rural roads, subsequent repairs, and implementing measures to reduce the vulnerability of the road system to future events both in the western United States and in Latin America. Closure or damage to rural roads presents a major hardship to local populations, hinders disaster relief efforts, and results in costly damage repairs. Storm-damage assessment, for both repairs and assessing vulnerability, involves a subjective process of working with local communities to identify their highest priorities and support combined with objective inventory of the transportation system and identification of hazards and repair options. Needed work has been specified on simple work lists with site-specific repair or reconstruction recommendations. Many cost-effective planning, location, design, and, maintenance measures can be implemented to greatly reduce the risk and vulnerability of roads, particularly on low-volume roads. Most measures involve avoiding problematic areas, incorporating adequate design detail, and controlling drainage. Training has been conducted and manuals have been written to improve rural-road design, to implement effective storm-damage repairs, reduce future risks, and to minimize environmental damage. JF - Natural Hazards Review AU - Keller, G R AD - USDA Forest Service, Plumas National Forest, 159 Lawrence St., Quincy, CA 95971, USA Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 139 EP - 147 VL - 3 IS - 4 SN - 1527-6988, 1527-6988 KW - Risk Abstracts KW - R2 23030:Natural hazards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18614711?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Hazards+Review&rft.atitle=Rural+Roads+Vulnerability+Reduction+Assessment%2C+Mitigation+Measures%2C+and+Training&rft.au=Keller%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Keller&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Hazards+Review&rft.issn=15276988&rft_id=info:doi/10.1061%2F%28ASCE%291527-6988%282002%293%3A4%28139%29 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1527-6988(2002)3:4(139) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydraulic redistribution of soil water during summer drought in two contrasting Pacific Northwest coniferous forests AN - 18612170; 5526950 AB - The magnitude of hydraulic redistribution of soil water by roots and its impact on soil water balance were estimated by monitoring time courses of soil water status at multiple depths and root sap flow under drought conditions in a dry ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws) ecosystem and in a moist Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) ecosystem. The fate of deuterated water applied to small plots to create a strong horizontal soil water potential gradient was also monitored to assess the potential for horizontal redistribution of water and utilization of redistributed water by co-occurring shallow-rooted plants. In a 20-year-old Douglas-fir stand, approximately 28% of the water removed daily from the upper 2 m of soil was replaced by nocturnal hydraulic redistribution during late August. In an old-growth ponderosa pine stand, approximately 35% of the total daily water utilization from the upper 2 m of soil appeared to be replaced by hydraulic redistribution during July and August. By late September, hydraulic redistribution in the ponderosa pine stand was no longer apparent, even though total water use from the upper 2 m of soil was nearly identical to that observed earlier. Based on these results, hydraulic redistribution would allow 21 and 16 additional days of stored water to remain in the upper soil horizons in the ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir stands, respectively, after a 60-day drought. At both sites, localized applications of deuterated water induced strong reversal of root sap flow and caused soil water content to cease declining or even temporarily increase at locations too distant from the site of water application to have been influenced by movement of water through the soil without facilitation by roots. Xylem water deuterium values of ponderosa pine seedlings suggested utilization of redistributed water. Therefore, hydraulic redistribution may enhance seedling survival and maintain overstory transpiration during summer drought. These first approximations of the extent of hydraulic redistribution in these ecosystems suggest that it is likely to be an important process in both wet and dry forests of the Pacific Northwest. JF - Tree Physiology AU - Brooks, J R AU - Meinzer, F C AU - Coulombe, R AU - Gregg, J AD - USDA Forest Service, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331-4401, USA, fmeinzer@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 1107 EP - 1117 VL - 22 IS - 15-16 SN - 0829-318X, 0829-318X KW - Douglas-fir KW - Ponderosa Pine KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Hydraulics KW - Seasonal Variations KW - Pinus ponderosa KW - Forests KW - Soil Water KW - Drought KW - Conifers KW - USA, Northwest KW - Forest Hydrology KW - Pseudotsuga menziesii KW - Soil-water-plant Relationships KW - Soil Properties KW - Soil moisture KW - Droughts KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - D 04600:Soil UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18612170?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tree+Physiology&rft.atitle=Hydraulic+redistribution+of+soil+water+during+summer+drought+in+two+contrasting+Pacific+Northwest+coniferous+forests&rft.au=Brooks%2C+J+R%3BMeinzer%2C+F+C%3BCoulombe%2C+R%3BGregg%2C+J&rft.aulast=Brooks&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=15-16&rft.spage=1107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tree+Physiology&rft.issn=0829318X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Conifers; Forests; Soil moisture; Droughts; Hydraulics; Forest Hydrology; Seasonal Variations; Soil-water-plant Relationships; Soil Properties; Drought; Soil Water; Pinus ponderosa; Pseudotsuga menziesii; USA, Northwest ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Upper-limb bone mineral density of female collegiate gymnasts versus controls AN - 18551841; 5524302 AB - Purpose: We examined bilateral bone mineral density (BMD) in the arms of female college gymnasts to assess the relative contribution of high-impact loading forces versus daily activities on bone plasticity. Methods: Twenty-five female collegiate gymnasts and 25 controls were studied. BMD of the lumbar spine, proximal femur, and whole body were assessed via dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Upper-limb BMD was determined by custom analyses of the whole-body scans to examine arms individually. Results: BMD of gymnasts was significantly (P < 0.0001) greater than controls at all sites. Whole-body BMD was 8% higher in gymnasts (1.270 plus or minus 0.078 vs 1.175 plus or minus 0.073 g times cm super(-2)), with 18-19% differences in the lumbar spine (1.427 plus or minus 0.144 vs 1.212 plus or minus 0.106 g times cm super(-2)), right proximal femur (1.298 plus or minus 0.101 vs 1.100 plus or minus 0.129 g times cm super(-2)), and left proximal femur (1.293 plus or minus 0.111 vs 1.104 plus or minus 0.133 g times cm super(-2)). Arm BMD was 17% greater in gymnasts, with higher values in both dominant (1.013 + 0.067 vs 0.875 + 0.066 g times cm super(-2)) and nondominant (1.002 + 0.060 vs 0.849 + 0.062 g times cm super(-2)) arms. Intragroup comparisons revealed a significantly (P < 0.0001) greater BMD in the dominant arm of the controls but no side-to-side difference in the arms of the gymnasts. Conclusions: Upper-limb BMD followed use patterns in both gymnasts and controls, demonstrating that the forces imposed on the arms with gymnastics training enhanced BMD and resulted in no bilateral differences. These findings illustrate the association between gymnastics training and increased BMD throughout the body, suggesting that the high BMD values observed in gymnasts are due primarily to the activity itself rather than selection bias. JF - Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise AU - Proctor, K L AU - Adams, W C AU - Shaffrath, J D AU - Loan, van, MD AD - Western Human Nutrition Research Center, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA, MVanLoan@whnrc.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 1830 EP - 1835 VL - 34 IS - 11 SN - 0195-9131, 0195-9131 KW - athletes KW - bone mineral density KW - gymnasts KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Physical Education Index KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - PE 090:Sports Medicine & Exercise Sport Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18551841?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medicine+%26+Science+in+Sports+%26+Exercise&rft.atitle=Upper-limb+bone+mineral+density+of+female+collegiate+gymnasts+versus+controls&rft.au=Proctor%2C+K+L%3BAdams%2C+W+C%3BShaffrath%2C+J+D%3BLoan%2C+van%2C+MD&rft.aulast=Proctor&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1830&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Medicine+%26+Science+in+Sports+%26+Exercise&rft.issn=01959131&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index; ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - groEL Expression in gyrB Mutants of Borrelia burgdorferi AN - 18498145; 5462238 AB - GroEL protein and groEL mRNA transcript were up-regulated in gyrB mutants of Borrelia burgdorferi, a causative agent of Lyme disease. Furthermore, the protein and transcript levels in gyrB mutants were greater than those in experimentally heat-shocked cultures of wild-type B. burgdorferi. Circular DNA in the gyrB mutants was more relaxed than in wild-type cells, although groEL is on the linear chromosome of B. burgdorferi. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence, albeit indirect, for the effect of DNA topology on gene expression from a linear DNA molecule in a bacterium. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Alverson, J AU - Samuels, D S AD - USDA-ARS, Biological Control and Mass Rearing Research Unit, P.O. Box 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762-5367, janalverson@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 6069 EP - 6072 VL - 184 IS - 21 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - GroEL protein KW - groEL gene KW - gyrB gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18498145?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=groEL+Expression+in+gyrB+Mutants+of+Borrelia+burgdorferi&rft.au=Alverson%2C+J%3BSamuels%2C+D+S&rft.aulast=Alverson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=184&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=6069&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJB.183.21.6069-6072.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JB.183.21.6069-6072.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The impact of mineral nutrients in food crops on global human health AN - 17676176; 5540853 AB - Nutrient sufficiency is the basis of good health, productive lives and longevity for everyone. Nutrient availability to people is primarily determined by the output of foods produced from agricultural systems. If agricultural systems fail to provide enough food diversity and quantity to satisfy all the nutrients essential to human life, people will suffer, societies will deteriorate and national development efforts will stagnate. Importantly, plant foods provide most of the nutrients that feed the developing world. Unfortunately, as a result of population pressures, many global food systems are not currently providing enough micronutrients to assure adequate micronutrient intakes for all people. This has resulted in an increasing prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies (e.g., iron deficiency, vitamin A deficiency, and iodine deficiency disorders) that now afflicts over three billion people globally mostly among resource-poor women, infants and children in developing countries. The consequences of micronutrient malnutrition are profound and alarming for human existence. Agricultural approaches to finding sustainable solutions to this problem are urgently needed. This review presents some ways in which plant nutritionists can contribute to preventing micronutrient malnutrition in sustainable ways. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Welch, R M AD - USDA, ARS, U.S. Plant, Soil and Nutrition Laboratory, Cornell University, Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA, rmw1@cornell.edu Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 83 EP - 90 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 247 IS - 1 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17676176?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=The+impact+of+mineral+nutrients+in+food+crops+on+global+human+health&rft.au=Welch%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Welch&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=247&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selenite-selenate sorption in surface coal mine environment AN - 16146746; 5568116 AB - Information is limited on the sorption characteristics of selenite (SeO sub(3) super(2-)) and selenate (SeO sub(4) super(2-)) in reclaimed coalmine environments. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the adsorption of both Se species using various isotherm models, and to quantify the relationship between sorption parameters and different soil properties. Ten coalmine soils were studied using Se treatments ranging from 0 to 2.5 mg/l. The results indicated that the percent sorption varied from 48 to 99% for SeO sub(3) super(2-), and 44 to 95% for SeO sub(4) super(2-); however, for all soil samples, percent SeO sub(3) super(2-) sorption was always greater than SeO sub(4) super(2-), indicating SeO sub(3) super(2-) was the stronger adsorbate. The Langmuir model described SeO sub(3) super(2-) sorption in eight samples, whereas adsorption of SeO sub(4) super(2-) was described in only one sample by this model. The Freundlich model resulted in better statistical fitting of the data compared to the Langmuir model for both Se species; 10 and six samples conformed to adsorption of SeO sub(3) super(2-) and SeO sub(4) super(2-), respectively. Adsorption of SeO sub(3) super(2-) in nine soils and SeO sub(4) super(2-) in six soils were described by the Temkin model. The best fitting of SeO sub(3) super(2-) and SeO sub(4) super(2-) adsorption (for all 10 soils) occurred with the Initial Mass isotherm. Higher K sub(i) values for SeO sub(3) super(2-) in comparison to SeO sub(4) super(2-) suggested that SeO sub(3) super(2-) had a greater adsorption affinity for the coal mine soils. Difference in sorption strength of SeO sub(3) super(2-) and SeO sub(4) super(2-) was attributed to the structural difference of the two species based on the concepts of valence shell electron pair repulsion model and hybridization. Different adsorption indices, including Langmuir (B sub(l), K sub(l)B sub(l)), Freundlich (n sub(f)), Temkin (K sub(t1)K sub(t2)), and Initial Mass (K sub(i)) model parameters, were linearly related (at P of 0.05) to various soil properties. Phosphate extractable Se and total soil Se were correlated to mainly SeO sub(3) super(2-) adsorption parameters including K sub(l)B sub(l), K sub(t1)K sub(t2), and K sub(i). Extractable Ca, Mn and Fe concentrations were correlated to B sub(l) and n sub(f), indicating the presence of oxides or oxyhydroxides of the metals could result in greater Se retention in the mine soils. Correlations of n sub(f) with electrical conductivity, clay content, and specific surface area also suggested a possible dependence of Se adsorption on other soil properties. JF - Advances in Environmental Research AU - Sharmasarkar, S AU - Vance, G F AD - Water Management Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 2021 South Peach Avenue, Fresno, CA 93727-5951, USA, ssharmas@csufresno.edu Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 87 EP - 95 VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 1093-0191, 1093-0191 KW - selenate KW - selenite KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Selenite KW - Selenate KW - Adsorption KW - Mine soils KW - Soil remediation KW - Sorption KW - Environmental restoration KW - Coal KW - Mining KW - Land reclamation KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16146746?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+Environmental+Research&rft.atitle=Selenite-selenate+sorption+in+surface+coal+mine+environment&rft.au=Sharmasarkar%2C+S%3BVance%2C+G+F&rft.aulast=Sharmasarkar&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=87&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+Environmental+Research&rft.issn=10930191&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1093-0191%2801%2900110-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil remediation; Sorption; Environmental restoration; Mining; Coal; Land reclamation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1093-0191(01)00110-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temporal Mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection in T-cell receptor (TCR)- alpha and TCR- delta -deficient mice AN - 18510237; 5471361 AB - Mycobacterium paratuberculosis is the causative agent of paratuberculosis (Johne's disease), a chronic inflammation of the terminal portion of the ileum in ruminants. The predominance of cell-mediated immunity in early stages of the disease suggests that T lymphocytes are essential to protect the host from infection with M. paratuberculosis. In this study, we investigated the role of alpha beta and gamma delta T cells in resistance to M. paratuberculosis infection using a T-cell receptor (TCR) knockout mouse model. Weanling TCR- alpha -deficient, TCR- delta -deficient, and C57BL/6 control mice (5-6 weeks of age) were acclimated for 2 weeks and then inoculated intraperitoneally with 10 super(8)CFU/ml of M. paratuberculosis (either strain 19698 or strain Ben). Groups of mice within each treatment group were euthanized at 1, 3 and 6 months post-inoculation. Sections of spleen, liver, ileum and mesenteric lymph node were prepared for bacterial culture and histologic examination. At all time points of infection and regardless of bacterial strain, TCR- alpha -deficient mice had higher levels of M. paratuberculosis colonization in their tissues compared to TCR- delta -deficient mice or C57BL/6 control mice. Lesions were located predominately in the liver and the ileum, depending upon period of infection, and lesion scores were higher for TCR- alpha -deficient mice compared to the other treatment groups. These results suggest that alpha beta T cells play a major role in resistance to infection with M. paratuberculosis and that gamma delta T cells may play a lesser role and potentially confound protective immune responses. JF - Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology AU - Stabel, J R AU - Ackermann, M R AD - National Disease of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA 50010, USA, jstabel@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10/28/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Oct 28 SP - 127 EP - 132 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 89 IS - 3-4 SN - 0165-2427, 0165-2427 KW - C57BL/6 mice KW - alpha -chain KW - beta -chain KW - delta -chain KW - gamma -chain KW - knockout mice KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18510237?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Immunology+and+Immunopathology&rft.atitle=Temporal+Mycobacterium+paratuberculosis+infection+in+T-cell+receptor+%28TCR%29-+alpha+and+TCR-+delta+-deficient+mice&rft.au=Stabel%2C+J+R%3BAckermann%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Stabel&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-10-28&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Immunology+and+Immunopathology&rft.issn=01652427&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Shiga-like Toxin Inhibition of FLICE-like Inhibitory Protein Expression Sensitizes Endothelial Cells to Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide-induced Apoptosis AN - 18606478; 5467082 AB - Shiga-like toxin (SLT) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of hemolytic uremic syndrome and its attendant endothelial cell (EC) injury. Key serotypes of Escherichia coli produce SLT-1 in addition to another highly pro-inflammatory molecule, lipopolysaccharide (LPS). It has previously been established that SLT-1 induces EC apoptosis and that LPS enhances this effect. LPS alone has no affect on human EC viability, and the mechanism for this enhancement remains unknown. In the present report, we demonstrate that SLT-1 sensitizes EC to LPS- induced apoptosis. Pretreatment with SLT-1 sensitized EC to LPS-induced apoptosis, whereas pretreatment with LPS did not influence SLT-1-induced apoptosis. SLT-1 exposure resulted in decreased expression of FLICE-like inhibitory protein (FLIP), an anti-apoptotic protein that has previously been shown to block LPS-induced apoptosis. This SLT-1-mediated decrease in FLIP expression preceded the onset of apoptosis elicited by SLT-1 alone or in combination with LPS. SLT-1-mediated decrements in FLIP expression correlated in a dose- and time-dependent manner with sensitization to LPS-induced apoptosis. Finally, transient or stable overexpression of FLIP protected against LPS enhancement of SLT-1-induced apoptosis, and this protection corresponded with sustained expression of FLIP. Together, these data suggest that SLT-1 sensitizes EC to LPS-induced apoptosis by inhibiting FLIP expression. JF - Journal of Biological Chemistry AU - Erwert, R D AU - Winn, R K AU - Harlan, J M AU - Bannerman, D D AD - Departments of Medicine and Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, dbanner@anri.barc.usda.gov. Y1 - 2002/10/25/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Oct 25 SP - 40567 EP - 40574 VL - 277 IS - 43 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - hemolytic uremic syndrome KW - shiga-like toxin KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02823:In vitro and in vivo effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18606478?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Shiga-like+Toxin+Inhibition+of+FLICE-like+Inhibitory+Protein+Expression+Sensitizes+Endothelial+Cells+to+Bacterial+Lipopolysaccharide-induced+Apoptosis&rft.au=Erwert%2C+R+D%3BWinn%2C+R+K%3BHarlan%2C+J+M%3BBannerman%2C+D+D&rft.aulast=Erwert&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-10-25&rft.volume=277&rft.issue=43&rft.spage=40567&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Existing antivirals are effective against influenza viruses with genes from the 1918 pandemic virus AN - 18504337; 5465544 AB - The 1918 influenza pandemic caused more than 20 million deaths worldwide. Thus, the potential impact of a re-emergent 1918 or 1918-like influenza virus, whether through natural means or as a result of bioterrorism, is of significant concern. The genetic determinants of the virulence of the 1918 virus have not been defined yet, nor have specific clinical prophylaxis and/or treatment interventions that would be effective against a re-emergent 1918 or 1918-like virus been identified. Based on the reported nucleotide sequences, we have reconstructed the hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), and matrix (M) genes of the 1918 virus. Under biosafety level 3 (agricultural) conditions, we have generated recombinant influenza viruses bearing the 1918 HA, NA, or M segments. Strikingly, recombinant viruses possessing both the 1918 HA and 1918 NA were virulent in mice. In contrast, a control virus with the HA and NA from a more recent human isolate was unable to kill mice at any dose tested. The recombinant viruses were also tested for their sensitivity to U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved antiinfluenza virus drugs in vitro and in vivo. Recombinant viruses possessing the 1918 NA or both the 1918 HA and 1918 NA were inhibited effectively in both tissue culture and mice by the NA inhibitors, zanamivir and oseltamivir. A recombinant virus possessing the 1918 M segment was inhibited effectively both in tissue culture and in vivo by the M2 ion-channel inhibitors amantadine and rimantadine. These data suggest that current antiviral strategies would be effective in curbing the dangers of a re-emergent 1918 or 1918-like virus. JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA AU - Tumpey, T M AU - Garcia-Sastre, A AU - Mikulasova, A AU - Taubenberger, J K AU - Swayne, DE AU - Palese, P AU - Basler, C F AD - Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605, chris.basler@mssm.edu Y1 - 2002/10/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Oct 15 SP - 13849 EP - 13854 VL - 99 IS - 21 SN - 0027-8424, 0027-8424 KW - double prime HA gene KW - double prime M gene KW - double prime NA gene KW - mice KW - nucleotide sequence KW - oseltamivir KW - zanamivir KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - W4 240:Bioterrorism & Biological Warfare KW - V 22100:Antiviral agents KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18504337?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+USA&rft.atitle=Existing+antivirals+are+effective+against+influenza+viruses+with+genes+from+the+1918+pandemic+virus&rft.au=Tumpey%2C+T+M%3BGarcia-Sastre%2C+A%3BMikulasova%2C+A%3BTaubenberger%2C+J+K%3BSwayne%2C+DE%3BPalese%2C+P%3BBasler%2C+C+F&rft.aulast=Tumpey&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-10-15&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=13849&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+USA&rft.issn=00278424&rft_id=info:doi/10.1073%2Fpnas.212519699 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.212519699 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Association of wildfire with tree health and numbers of pine bark beetles, reproduction weevils and their associates in Florida AN - 18483286; 5440957 AB - Wildfires burned over 200,000ha of forest lands in Florida from April to July 1998. This unique disturbance event provided a valuable opportunity to study the interactions of summer wildfires with the activity of pine feeding insects and their associates in the southeastern United States. We compared tree mortality with abundance of bark and ambrosia beetles, reproduction weevils and wood borers relative to fire severity. Over 27% of residual live trees in stands that experienced high fire severity died between October 1998 and May 1999. An additional 2-3% of trees that initially survived the fire died during the second year compared to 1% mortality in unburned stands. One year after the fire, more than 75% of the trees surviving in high fire severity stands had roots infected with one or more species of Leptographium and/or Graphium spp. and nearly 60% of the sampled roots were infected. No such fungi were recovered from roots of trees in unburned stands. Significantly, more root weevils, Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picovorus, were captured in unbaited pitfalls in the moderate and high fire severity stands than in the controls. Mean trap catches of Ips grandicollis, Dendroctonus terebrans and Hylastes salebrosus, three common bark beetles that feed on phloem tissue of pines, were lower in Lindgren traps in the fire-damaged areas than in the control stands. In contrast, catches of the ambrosia beetles, Xyleborus spp. and Monarthrum mali, were higher in burned stands than in control stands. The generalist predator, Temnochila virescens (Coleoptera: Trogositidae), showed a strong positive relationship between abundance and fire severity, while the flat bark beetle, Silvanus sp. (Coleoptera: Sylvanidae), exhibited the reverse trend. Our results show that most tree mortality occurred within 1 year of the fire. Ips or Dendroctonus bark beetle populations did not build up in dead and weakened trees and attack healthy trees in nearby areas. The prevalence of Leptographium spp. in roots may be a symptom of, or result in, weakened trees that may affect the trees' susceptibility to bark beetles in the future. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Hanula, J L AU - Meeker, J R AU - Miller AU - Barnard, EL AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 320 Green St., Athens, GA 30602-2044, USA, jhanula@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/10/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Oct 15 SP - 233 EP - 247 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 170 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Bark beetles KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18483286?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Association+of+wildfire+with+tree+health+and+numbers+of+pine+bark+beetles%2C+reproduction+weevils+and+their+associates+in+Florida&rft.au=Hanula%2C+J+L%3BMeeker%2C+J+R%3BMiller%3BBarnard%2C+EL&rft.aulast=Hanula&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-10-15&rft.volume=170&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of fenbendazole residues in bovine milk by ELISA. AN - 72143666; 12358440 AB - Fenbendazole residues in bovine milk were analyzed by ELISAs using two monoclonal antibodies. One monoclonal antibody (MAb 587) bound the major benzimidazole anthelmintic drugs, including fenbendazole, oxfendazole, and fenbendazole sulfone. The other (MAb 591) was more specific for fenbendazole, with 13% cross-reactivity with the sulfone and no significant binding to the sulfoxide metabolite. The limit of detection of the ELISA method in the milk matrix was 7 ppb for MAb 587 and 3 ppb for MAb 591. Fenbendazole was administered in feed, drench, and paste form to three groups of dairy cattle. Milk was collected immediately before dosing and then every 12 h for 5 days. The ELISA indicated that residue levels varied widely among individual cows in each group. Fenbendazole levels peaked at approximately 12-24 h and declined rapidly thereafter. Metabolites were detected at much higher levels than the parent compound, peaked at approximately 24-36 h, and declined gradually. Residue levels were undetectable by 72 h. The ELISA data correlated well with the total residues determined by chromatographic analysis, but the use of the two separate ELISAs did not afford an advantage over ELISA with the single, broadly reactive MAb 587. The ELISA method could be used to flag high-residue samples in on-site monitoring of fenbendazole in milk and is a potential tool for studying drug pharmacokinetics. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Brandon, David L AU - Bates, Anne H AU - Binder, Ronald G AU - Montague, William C AU - Whitehand, Linda C AU - Barker, Steven A AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California 94710, USA. dbrandon@pw.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10/09/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Oct 09 SP - 5791 EP - 5796 VL - 50 IS - 21 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Anthelmintics KW - 0 KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - Pesticide Residues KW - Fenbendazole KW - 621BVT9M36 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Quality Control KW - Fenbendazole -- analysis KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis KW - Anthelmintics -- analysis KW - Fenbendazole -- administration & dosage KW - Milk -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72143666?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+fenbendazole+residues+in+bovine+milk+by+ELISA.&rft.au=Brandon%2C+David+L%3BBates%2C+Anne+H%3BBinder%2C+Ronald+G%3BMontague%2C+William+C%3BWhitehand%2C+Linda+C%3BBarker%2C+Steven+A&rft.aulast=Brandon&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2002-10-09&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=5791&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-19 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of a Leptospira interrogans locus containing DNA replication genes and a new IS, IS1502 AN - 18510257; 5471086 AB - A region of the Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona genome encoding DNA replication genes was characterized. This region, designated the ppa-ntrC locus, includes 19 open reading frames and a new insertion sequence, IS1502. Although this locus resembles replication origins from many eubacteria, it lacks several genes common to homologous loci. Some replication-related genes were previously located near rrf, and may have been moved to that location by homologous recombination between short sequence elements common to both loci. Further analysis showed that the ppa-ntrC region has undergone substantial change during spirochete evolution. Transcription analysis using RT-PCR revealed uniquely organized polycistronic mRNAs in the ppa-ntrC locus. The dnaN and recF intergenic region of serovar pomona was different from the homologous sites of 41 L. interrogans serovars by the presence of IS1502. The distribution of IS1502 throughout pathogenic Leptospira species varies. This result suggests that IS1502 may have been recently introduced into Leptospira. JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters AU - Zuerner, R L AU - Huang, WM AD - Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, and the National Leptospirosis Reference Center, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 70, 2300 Dayton Road, Ames, IA 50010, USA, rzuerner@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10/08/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Oct 08 SP - 175 EP - 182 PB - Federation of European Microbiological Societies VL - 215 IS - 2 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - dnaN gene KW - ntrC gene KW - ppa gene KW - ppa-ntrC gene KW - recF gene KW - rrf gene KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - N 14930:Transcription factors KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18510257?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+a+Leptospira+interrogans+locus+containing+DNA+replication+genes+and+a+new+IS%2C+IS1502&rft.au=Zuerner%2C+R+L%3BHuang%2C+WM&rft.aulast=Zuerner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-10-08&rft.volume=215&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Site-directed mutagenesis of Aspergillus niger NRRL 3135 phytase at residue 300 to enhance catalysis at pH 4.0. AN - 72141855; 12359257 AB - Increased phytase activity for Aspergillus niger NRRL 3135 phytaseA (phyA) at intermediate pH levels (3.0-5.0) was achieved by site-directed mutagenesis of its gene at amino acid residue 300. A single mutation, K300E, resulted in an increase of the hydrolysis of phytic acid of 56% and 19% at pH 4.0 and 5.0, respectively, at 37 degrees C. This amino acid residue has previously been identified as part of the substrate specificity site for phyA and a comparison of the amino acid sequences of other cloned fungal phytases indicated a correlation between a charged residue at this position and high specific activity for phytic acid hydrolysis. The substitution at this residue by either another basic (R), uncharged (T), or acidic amino acid (D) did not yield a recombinant enzyme with the same favorable properties. Therefore, we conclude that this residue is not only important for the catalytic function of phyA, but also essential for imparting a favorable pH environment for catalysis. JF - Biochemical and biophysical research communications AU - Mullaney, Edward J AU - Daly, Catherine B AU - Kim, Taewan AU - Porres, Jesus M AU - Lei, Xin Gen AU - Sethumadhavan, Kandan AU - Ullah, Abul H J AD - Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA. emul@srrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10/04/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Oct 04 SP - 1016 EP - 1020 VL - 297 IS - 4 SN - 0006-291X, 0006-291X KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - 6-Phytase KW - EC 3.1.3.26 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Base Sequence KW - Recombinant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Kinetics KW - Recombinant Proteins -- chemistry KW - Species Specificity KW - Amino Acid Substitution KW - Catalysis KW - 6-Phytase -- chemistry KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - 6-Phytase -- metabolism KW - 6-Phytase -- genetics KW - Aspergillus niger -- enzymology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72141855?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+and+biophysical+research+communications&rft.atitle=Site-directed+mutagenesis+of+Aspergillus+niger+NRRL+3135+phytase+at+residue+300+to+enhance+catalysis+at+pH+4.0.&rft.au=Mullaney%2C+Edward+J%3BDaly%2C+Catherine+B%3BKim%2C+Taewan%3BPorres%2C+Jesus+M%3BLei%2C+Xin+Gen%3BSethumadhavan%2C+Kandan%3BUllah%2C+Abul+H+J&rft.aulast=Mullaney&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft.date=2002-10-04&rft.volume=297&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1016&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+and+biophysical+research+communications&rft.issn=0006291X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-27 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phytoremediation of selenium-contaminated soils and waters: fundamentals and future prospects. AN - 72855173; 12611471 AB - Interest in selenium pollution and remediation technology has escalated during the past two decades. Although not known to be essential for plants, selenium is an essential micronutrient for humans and animals, having important benefits for their nutrition. At high concentrations, however, selenium becomes toxic to animals and humans. A major selenium controversy in the 1980s emerged in California at the Kesterson National Wildlife Refuge; hence, scientists, environmental regulators, politicians, and the general public in the United States became aware of selenium's potential as an environmental contaminant. Consequently, extensive research has been conducted in the western United States, and a vast amount of financial resources have been allocated to develop management strategies and remediation technologies for reducing the impact of naturally occurring selenium on the biological environment. A plant-based technology, defined as 'phytoremediation', has received increasing recognition as a low-cost, environmentally friendly approach for managing the toxic effects of selenium. Plants have the ability to absorb and sequester selenium and to convert inorganic selenium to volatile forms of organic compounds that are released harmlessly into the atmosphere. The present review summarizes recent research findings and information about strategies on using phytoremediation systems to detoxify selenium-contaminated soils and waters in natural and agricultural ecosystems. JF - Reviews on environmental health AU - Bañuelos, G S AU - Lin, Z Q AU - Wu, L AU - Terry, N AD - USDA-ARS, Water Management Research Laboratory, Parlier, California 93648-9757, USA. gbanuelos@fresno.ars.usda.gov PY - 2002 SP - 291 EP - 306 VL - 17 IS - 4 SN - 0048-7554, 0048-7554 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Soil KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Selenium KW - H6241UJ22B KW - Index Medicus KW - Plants -- chemistry KW - Plants -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Food, Fortified KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Water Purification -- methods KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Antioxidants -- analysis KW - Selenium -- analysis KW - Selenium -- pharmacokinetics KW - Water -- chemistry KW - Soil -- analysis KW - Antioxidants -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72855173?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reviews+on+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Phytoremediation+of+selenium-contaminated+soils+and+waters%3A+fundamentals+and+future+prospects.&rft.au=Ba%C3%B1uelos%2C+G+S%3BLin%2C+Z+Q%3BWu%2C+L%3BTerry%2C+N&rft.aulast=Ba%C3%B1uelos&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=291&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reviews+on+environmental+health&rft.issn=00487554&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-20 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The potential for enhanced fungicide resistance in Beauveria bassiana through strain discovery and artificial selection. AN - 72720760; 12445792 AB - Our objectives were to determine the (1) natural variation in fungicide resistance among Beauveria bassiana strains, (2) potential to increase fungicide resistance in B. bassiana through artificial selection, and (3) stability of virulence in selected B. bassiana strains. Fungicides included dodine, fenbuconazole, and triphenyltin hydroxide, which are commonly used in pecan and other horticultural crops. Comparison of seven B. bassiana strains indicated some are substantially more resistant to fungicides than others; a commercial strain (GHA) was less resistant than all wild strains isolated from pecan orchards. Artificial selection resulted in enhanced fungicide resistance in the GHA strain but not in a mixed wild strain. Removal of selection pressure for three passages did not reduce the enhanced fungicide resistance. Sub-culturing with exposure to fungicides did not affect the GHA strain's virulence to pecan weevil, Curculio caryae, larvae, whereas fungicide exposure increased virulence in a mixed wild population of B. bassiana. JF - Journal of invertebrate pathology AU - Shapiro-Ilan, David I AU - Reilly, Charles C AU - Hotchkiss, Michael W AU - Wood, Bruce W AD - USDA-ARS, SE Fruit and Tree Nut Research Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008, USA. dshapiro@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 86 EP - 93 VL - 81 IS - 2 SN - 0022-2011, 0022-2011 KW - Fungicides, Industrial KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Virulence KW - Animals KW - Beetles -- microbiology KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Selection, Genetic KW - Mitosporic Fungi -- growth & development KW - Insecticide Resistance -- genetics KW - Mitosporic Fungi -- pathogenicity KW - Mitosporic Fungi -- genetics KW - Pest Control, Biological UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72720760?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+invertebrate+pathology&rft.atitle=The+potential+for+enhanced+fungicide+resistance+in+Beauveria+bassiana+through+strain+discovery+and+artificial+selection.&rft.au=Shapiro-Ilan%2C+David+I%3BReilly%2C+Charles+C%3BHotchkiss%2C+Michael+W%3BWood%2C+Bruce+W&rft.aulast=Shapiro-Ilan&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=86&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+invertebrate+pathology&rft.issn=00222011&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-16 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rotifers ingest Giardia cysts. AN - 72678482; 12435156 AB - Seven species of rotifers representing 6 genera, Epiphanes, Plationus, Asplanchna, Philodina species A, Philodina species B. Platyias, and Brachionus, were exposed to Giardia cysts isolated from the feces of experimentally infected holstein calves. Giardia cysts were prestained with a fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated monoclonal antibody and mixed with viable rotifers on 3-well Teflon-coated microscope slides. Organisms were observed with phase-contrast, differential interference contrast, and fluorescence microscopy. Five rotifer species, Epiphanes brachionus, Plationus patulus, Philodina (both A and B), and Platyias quadricornis, ingested varying numbers of cysts, which were retained within the rotifers' bodies throughout the observation period. Rotifer ingestion of Giardia cysts may represent a means of reducing water contamination. JF - The Journal of parasitology AU - Trout, J M AU - Walsh, E J AU - Fayer, R AD - Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA. jtrout@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 1038 EP - 1040 VL - 88 IS - 5 SN - 0022-3395, 0022-3395 KW - Sewage KW - 0 KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Index Medicus KW - Microscopy, Fluorescence KW - Animals KW - Microscopy, Phase-Contrast KW - Water -- parasitology KW - Microscopy, Interference KW - Sewage -- parasitology KW - Image Processing, Computer-Assisted KW - Rotifera -- parasitology KW - Giardia -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72678482?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+parasitology&rft.atitle=Rotifers+ingest+Giardia+cysts.&rft.au=Trout%2C+J+M%3BWalsh%2C+E+J%3BFayer%2C+R&rft.aulast=Trout&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1038&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+parasitology&rft.issn=00223395&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-09 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic manipulation of the pathogenic yeast Candida parapsilosis. AN - 72673900; 12420143 AB - Candida parapsilosis is an important human pathogen, responsible for severe cases of systemic candidiasis and one of the leading causes of mortality in neonates. In this report, we describe the first system for genetic manipulation of C. parapsilosis. We isolated and subsequently determined DNA sequences of genes encoding galactokinase ( CpGAL1) and orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase ( CpURA3) from a genomic DNA library of C. parapsilosis by functional complementation of corresponding mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The predicted protein products, Gal1p and Ura3p, displayed a high degree of homology with corresponding sequences of C. albicans and S. cerevisiae, respectively. A collection of galactokinase-deficient ( gal1) strains of C. parapsilosis was prepared using direct selection of mutagenized cells on media containing 2-deoxy-galactose. Additionally, we constructed a plasmid vector carrying CpGAL1 as a selection marker and a genomic DNA fragment with an autonomously replicating sequence activity that transforms the C. parapsilosis gal1 mutant strain with high efficiency. This system for genetic transformation of C. parapsilosis may significantly advance the study of this human pathogen, greatly improving our understanding of its biology and virulence, with implications for drug development. JF - Current genetics AU - Nosek, Jozef AU - Adamíková, Lubica AU - Zemanová, Júlia AU - Tomáska, Lubomír AU - Zufferey, Rachel AU - Mamoun, Choukri Ben AD - Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina CH-1, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia. nosek@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 27 EP - 35 VL - 42 IS - 1 SN - 0172-8083, 0172-8083 KW - Genetic Markers KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Genetic Vectors KW - Plasmids KW - Genomic Library KW - Candida -- genetics KW - Organisms, Genetically Modified UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72673900?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+genetics&rft.atitle=Genetic+manipulation+of+the+pathogenic+yeast+Candida+parapsilosis.&rft.au=Nosek%2C+Jozef%3BAdam%C3%ADkov%C3%A1%2C+Lubica%3BZemanov%C3%A1%2C+J%C3%BAlia%3BTom%C3%A1ska%2C+Lubom%C3%ADr%3BZufferey%2C+Rachel%3BMamoun%2C+Choukri+Ben&rft.aulast=Nosek&rft.aufirst=Jozef&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+genetics&rft.issn=01728083&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-20 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship of milk yield and quality to preweaning gain of calves from Angus, Brahman and reciprocal-cross cows on different forage systems. AN - 72649707; 12413073 AB - Interactions of the regression of preweaning ADG on dam milk yield and quality with breed group and forage environment were evaluated in a two-phase study. Phase I consisted of milk yield and quality and calf gain records from 1989 to 1991 for purebred Angus (n = 64) and Brahman (n = 62) cows mated to sires of both breeds. Phase II consisted of milk yield and quality and calf gain records from 1991 to 1997 for Angus (n = 94), Brahman (n = 85), Angus x Brahman (n = 86) and Brahman x Angus (n = 93) mated to Polled Hereford sires. In Phase I, forage environments included common bermudagrass and endophyte-infected tall fescue. In Phase II, forage environments included common bermudagrass and endophyte-infected tall fescue (1991 to 1995) and a rotational system of both forages (1995 to 1997) in which each forage was grazed during its appropriate growing season, usually June through October for bermudagrass and November through May for tall fescue. Milk yield was estimated monthly six times during lactation from spring through fall and converted to a 24-h basis. Milk fat, milk protein, and somatic cell count were analyzed by a commercial laboratory. In Phase I, the relation of preweaning ADG to milk yield, milk fat yield, and protein yield was greater (P < 0.05) in Brahman cows on bermudagrass than Angus on bermudagrass. The regression of preweaning ADG on milk yield in Phase I was greater (P < 0.05) for cows on tall fescue than cows which grazed bermudagrass. In Phase II, the relation of preweaning ADG to milk yield, milk fat yield, and milk protein yield was greater or tended to be greater (P < 0.01, P < 0.11, P < 0.01, respectively) in purebred cows compared to reciprocal-cross cows. The regression of preweaning ADG on milk yield and milk protein yield was greater (P < 0.05) on tall fescue than bermudagrass in Phase II. These results suggest that the influence of milk yield and quality on calf growth may differ among breed types and production system, and the efficacy of genetic improvements in milk traits may depend on the breed type and forage environment. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Brown, M A AU - Brown, A H AD - USDA, ARS, Grazinglands Research Laboratory, El Reno, OK 73036, USA. mbrown@grl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 2522 EP - 2527 VL - 80 IS - 10 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Fats KW - 0 KW - Milk Proteins KW - Index Medicus KW - Environment KW - Animals KW - Weaning KW - Fats -- analysis KW - Fungi -- growth & development KW - Poaceae -- microbiology KW - Milk Proteins -- analysis KW - Genotype KW - Food Microbiology KW - Breeding KW - Seasons KW - Crosses, Genetic KW - Female KW - Milk -- standards KW - Milk -- secretion KW - Cattle -- physiology KW - Animal Feed KW - Animals, Suckling -- growth & development KW - Milk -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72649707?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Relationship+of+milk+yield+and+quality+to+preweaning+gain+of+calves+from+Angus%2C+Brahman+and+reciprocal-cross+cows+on+different+forage+systems.&rft.au=Brown%2C+M+A%3BBrown%2C+A+H&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2522&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-24 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Efficacy of the organic-certified insecticide Diatect II against the boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis) in cotton. AN - 72642457; 12400443 AB - The efficacy of the organic insecticide Diatect II against boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis Boheman) in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L) in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas were assessed in small-plot field trials and greenhouse cage tests using azinphos-methyl treatments as a standard for comparison. Plastic sheets were placed in the furrows of the treated plots to retrieve boll weevils which dropped from the plants after being killed by the insecticides. Samples of live weevils taken by a tractor-mounted vacuum sampler revealed a modest, but significant, reduction in boll weevil populations in Diatect II plots. However, samples of dead weevils indicated that this reduction was due to movement of weevils out of the plots rather than to mortality. This interpretation is supported by greenhouse cage studies, where mortality in Diatect II treated cages was no greater than that in untreated control cages. The effects of insecticide treatments in small plots can be confounded easily and quickly by interplot movement of target insects. Although the relative effects of various compounds can usually be assessed by sampling the populations in plots soon after treatment, the best measure of efficacy is obtained by directly sampling insects that have died in the plot. This parameter is insulated from the effects of interplot movement, unless the toxicant is slow to immobilize the target insect. Taken together, our results indicate little efficacy by Diatect II against boll weevil under our test conditions. JF - Pest management science AU - Sappington, Thomas W AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Integrated Farming & Natural Resources Research Unit, 2413 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA. tsapping@weslaco.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 1038 EP - 1042 VL - 58 IS - 10 SN - 1526-498X, 1526-498X KW - Drug Combinations KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Pyrethrins KW - diatect II KW - Azinphosmethyl KW - 265842EWUV KW - Piperonyl Butoxide KW - LWK91TU9AH KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Environment, Controlled KW - Azinphosmethyl -- toxicity KW - Toxicity Tests KW - Time Factors KW - Insecticides -- toxicity KW - Agriculture -- methods KW - Pyrethrins -- toxicity KW - Piperonyl Butoxide -- toxicity KW - Gossypium -- parasitology KW - Beetles -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72642457?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pest+management+science&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+the+organic-certified+insecticide+Diatect+II+against+the+boll+weevil+%28Anthonomus+grandis%29+in+cotton.&rft.au=Sappington%2C+Thomas+W&rft.aulast=Sappington&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1038&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pest+management+science&rft.issn=1526498X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-07 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of granular boric acid sugar baits for house flies (Diptera: Muscidae). AN - 72636057; 12403441 AB - Freeze-dried, granular sugar baits containing boric acid as the toxicant were evaluated against house flies, Musca domestica L., in two bioassays with toxicant dose ranges of 3, 5, 7, 8, and 12%, and 3, 5, 9, 17, and 33% boric acid, respectively, calculated and expressed on a dry weight basis. Flies in bioassay 1 were mixed sex and unstarved and flies in bioassay 2 were females only and starved 4 h before testing began. LC50s were 8.97 and 14.33%, and LT50s were 59.75 and 53.34 h in bioassays 1 and 2, respectively. Baits were tested at concentrations as high as 33%, however there was no indication of repellency as seen previously with liquid baits. Reasons for lack of repellency and potential uses for baits are discussed. Development of efficacious granular baits would allow the presentation of higher levels of boric acid in volumes much smaller than required for liquid baits. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Hogsette, Jerome A AU - Carlson, David A AU - Nejame, Alyce S AD - Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA. jhogsette@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 1110 EP - 1112 VL - 95 IS - 5 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Boric Acids KW - 0 KW - Carbohydrates KW - boric acid KW - R57ZHV85D4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Biological Assay KW - Insect Control -- methods KW - Muscidae UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72636057?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Development+of+granular+boric+acid+sugar+baits+for+house+flies+%28Diptera%3A+Muscidae%29.&rft.au=Hogsette%2C+Jerome+A%3BCarlson%2C+David+A%3BNejame%2C+Alyce+S&rft.aulast=Hogsette&rft.aufirst=Jerome&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1110&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molluscicidal and antifungal activity of Erigeron speciosus steam distillate. AN - 72634583; 12400444 AB - The steam-distilled fraction of the aerial parts of Erigeron speciosus (Lindl) DC was tested for activity against strawberry plant pathogenic fungi Botrytis cinerea Pers ex Fr, Colletotrichum acutatum Simmonds, C fragariae Brooks, C gloeosporioides (Penz) Penz & Sacc, and the intermediate host snail Planobdella trivolvis that harbors the trematode, Bolbophorus confusus, that infests and causes severe infections in pond-raised catfish in the Mississippi Delta region of the USA. Bioautography on silica TLC plates demonstrated antifungal activity in the steam distillate. Preliminary bioassays of the steam distillate indicated the presence of phytochemicals toxic to P trivolvis. The bioactive compounds methyl 2Z, 8Z-deca-2,8-diene-4,6-diynoate and its 2E, 8E isomer were isolated by bioassay-guided fractionation and chromatographic techniques and identified by 1H NMR spectroscopy. JF - Pest management science AU - Meepagala, Kumudini M AU - Sturtz, George AU - Wise, David AU - Wedge, David E AD - USDA-ARS, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, PO Box 8048, University, MS 38677, USA. kmeepaga@olemiss.edu Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 1043 EP - 1047 VL - 58 IS - 10 SN - 1526-498X, 1526-498X KW - Alkynes KW - 0 KW - Fatty Alcohols KW - Fungicides, Industrial KW - Molluscacides KW - Plant Extracts KW - methyl deca-2,8-diene-4,6-diynoate KW - Captan KW - EOL5G26Q9F KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Snails -- drug effects KW - Chromatography KW - Colletotrichum -- drug effects KW - Captan -- toxicity KW - Snails -- parasitology KW - Platyhelminths -- drug effects KW - Botrytis -- drug effects KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Fatty Alcohols -- metabolism KW - Molluscacides -- metabolism KW - Plant Extracts -- metabolism KW - Alkynes -- metabolism KW - Asteraceae -- chemistry KW - Fungicides, Industrial -- metabolism KW - Plant Extracts -- toxicity KW - Alkynes -- chemistry KW - Fatty Alcohols -- chemistry KW - Fatty Alcohols -- toxicity KW - Fungicides, Industrial -- toxicity KW - Alkynes -- toxicity KW - Molluscacides -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72634583?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pest+management+science&rft.atitle=Molluscicidal+and+antifungal+activity+of+Erigeron+speciosus+steam+distillate.&rft.au=Meepagala%2C+Kumudini+M%3BSturtz%2C+George%3BWise%2C+David%3BWedge%2C+David+E&rft.aulast=Meepagala&rft.aufirst=Kumudini&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1043&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pest+management+science&rft.issn=1526498X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-07 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Southwestern corn borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) damage and aflatoxin accumulation in maize. AN - 72627496; 12403433 AB - Aflatoxin, a potent carcinogen, is produced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus Link: Fr. Drought, high temperatures, and insect damage contribute to increased levels of aflatoxin contamination in corn, Zea mays L. Plant resistance is widely considered a desirable method of reducing aflatoxin contamination. Germplasm lines with aflatoxin resistance have been developed. This investigation was undertaken to determine whether crosses among these lines exhibited resistance to southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella Dyar, and to assess the effects of southwestern corn borer feeding on aflatoxin accumulation. Differences in ear damage among southwestern corn borer infested hybrids were significant. Estimates of general combining ability effects indicated that the lines Mp80:04, Mp420, and Mp488 contributed to reduced ear damage, and SC213 and T165 contributed to greater damage when used in hybrids. Mean aflatoxin levels were 254 ng/g for hybrids infested with southwestern corn borer larvae and 164 ng/g for noninfested hybrids in 2000 when environmental conditions were conducive to aflatoxin production. In contrast, the overall mean aflatoxin level for southwestern corn borer infested hybrids was only 5 ng/g in 1999 when environmental conditions did not favor aflatoxin accumulation. Crosses that included lines selected for aflatoxin resistance as parents (Mp80:04 and Mp313E) exhibited lower levels of aflatoxin contamination both with and without southwestern corn borer infestation in 2000. Only the experimental line Mp80:04 contributed significantly to both reduced southwestern corn borer damage and reduced aflatoxin contamination. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Williams, W Paul AU - Buckley, Paul M AU - Windham, Gary L AD - USDA-ARS Corn Host Plant Resistance Research Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA. wpwilliams@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 1049 EP - 1053 VL - 95 IS - 5 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Crops, Agricultural -- economics KW - Insect Control KW - Aflatoxins -- metabolism KW - Zea mays KW - Moths UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72627496?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Southwestern+corn+borer+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Crambidae%29+damage+and+aflatoxin+accumulation+in+maize.&rft.au=Williams%2C+W+Paul%3BBuckley%2C+Paul+M%3BWindham%2C+Gary+L&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1049&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of tolerance to insecticides on substrate penetration by Formosan subterranean termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). AN - 72623033; 12403426 AB - Seven selected insecticides were applied to three substrates and bioassayed for barrier efficacy and toxicity against the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, originating from colonies that differed in their tolerance to the insecticides. A profound substrate effect was seen with all insecticides tested. Sand was the most difficult substrate to penetrate and caused faster and greater mortality of C. formosanus. Increased tolerance in C. formosanus was accompanied by a decrease in penetration of treated substrata with chlordane, methoxychlor, chlorpyrifos, and deltamethrin. The opposite was true in the case of permethrin and bendiocarb. More tolerance C. formosanus displayed decreased mortality in the presence of chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin, bendiocarb, and fipronil. The opposite was true for permethrin. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Osbrink, Weste L A AU - Lax, Alan R AD - Southern Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA. osbrink@srrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 989 EP - 1000 VL - 95 IS - 5 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Carbamates KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Nitriles KW - Phenylcarbamates KW - Pyrazoles KW - Pyrethrins KW - Chlordan KW - 12789-03-6 KW - decamethrin KW - 2JTS8R821G KW - Permethrin KW - 509F88P9SZ KW - Chlorpyrifos KW - JCS58I644W KW - bendiocarb KW - QFH0ZU0A5U KW - fipronil KW - QGH063955F KW - Methoxychlor KW - RIA79UD69L KW - Index Medicus KW - Chlordan -- pharmacology KW - Carbamates -- pharmacology KW - Pyrazoles -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Insecticide Resistance KW - Permethrin -- pharmacology KW - Pyrethrins -- pharmacology KW - Chlorpyrifos -- pharmacology KW - Methoxychlor -- pharmacology KW - Isoptera -- physiology KW - Insect Control -- methods KW - Isoptera -- drug effects KW - Insecticides -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72623033?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+tolerance+to+insecticides+on+substrate+penetration+by+Formosan+subterranean+termites+%28Isoptera%3A+Rhinotermitidae%29.&rft.au=Osbrink%2C+Weste+L+A%3BLax%2C+Alan+R&rft.aulast=Osbrink&rft.aufirst=Weste+L&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=989&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Generic ionizing radiation quarantine treatments against fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) proposed. AN - 72619969; 12403413 AB - Tephritid fruit flies comprise the most important group of quarantined pests of fresh produce. Most quarantine treatments of fresh agricultural commodities are directed against these pests, and considerable effort in detection, trapping, and population control is expended worldwide to prevent these pests from invading new territories. Ionizing radiation has been studied for 70 yr for its possible use as a quarantine treatment against fruit flies, but has only been applied commercially on a limited basis since 1995. The treatment has great potential and will probably be used extensively in the future as it is tolerated by more species of fruits than any other major treatment. The U.S. Department Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service only recently proposed allowing irradiation for fresh agricultural imports from other countries, and other countries are studying proposals to do likewise. In 1991, the International Consultative Group on Food Irradiation recommended a generic dose against all tephritid fruit flies of 150 Gy. This article examines the literature dealing with irradiation quarantine treatments against fruit flies and recommends minimum absorbed doses of 70 Gy for Anastrepha spp., 101 Gy for Bactrocera jarvisi and B. tryoni, and 150 Gy for all Tephritidae except when fruits have been stored in hypoxic atmospheres. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Hallman, Guy J AU - Loaharanu, Paisan AD - Kika de la Garza Subtropical Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA. ghallman@weslaco.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 893 EP - 901 VL - 95 IS - 5 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Index Medicus KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Animals KW - Radiation, Ionizing KW - Insect Control -- methods KW - Ceratitis capitata -- radiation effects KW - Tephritidae -- radiation effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72619969?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Generic+ionizing+radiation+quarantine+treatments+against+fruit+flies+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29+proposed.&rft.au=Hallman%2C+Guy+J%3BLoaharanu%2C+Paisan&rft.aulast=Hallman&rft.aufirst=Guy&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=893&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of mathematical models to estimate characteristics of pyrethroid resistance in tobacco budworm and bollworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) field populations. AN - 72612798; 12403428 AB - Genetic models have been used to examine the evolution of insecticide resistance in pest species subject to data and assumptions regarding genetic, biological, and operational parameters. We used time-series data on pyrethroid tolerance and simple genetic models to estimate underlying genetic and biological parameters associated with resistance evolution in tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), and bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), Louisiana field populations. Assuming pyrethroid resistance is conferred by one gene at one locus in both species, inheritance of pyrethroid resistance was partially dominant in the tobacco budworm and partially recessive in the bollworm. Relative fitness estimates indicated that fitness costs associated with resistance selected against resistance alleles in the absence of selection pressure in the tobacco budworm, but not in the bollworm. In addition, relative fitness estimates obtained using the indirect method outlined in this study were similar in magnitude to estimates obtained using traditional direct approaches. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Livingston, M J AU - Carlson, G A AU - Fackler, P L AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Riverdale, MD 20737, USA. michael.j.livingston@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 1008 EP - 1017 VL - 95 IS - 5 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Insecticide Resistance KW - Tobacco KW - Mathematical Computing KW - Pest Control, Biological -- methods KW - Computer Simulation KW - Models, Genetic KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - Moths -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72612798?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Use+of+mathematical+models+to+estimate+characteristics+of+pyrethroid+resistance+in+tobacco+budworm+and+bollworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+field+populations.&rft.au=Livingston%2C+M+J%3BCarlson%2C+G+A%3BFackler%2C+P+L&rft.aulast=Livingston&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1008&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Public health considerations in human consumption of wild game. AN - 72187179; 12381562 AB - The role of a few microorganisms, like Brucella and Mycobacterium and certain parasites of food animals, in causing human disease has been recognized for a hundred years. By the 1990s, other microorganisms derived from food animals were recognized as contributing to human illness. Handling and/or consumption of wild game may result in human exposure to novel microorganisms; these unrecognized or unknown agents or diseases in wild species may cross into humans and cause "new" diseases with which we are not familiar. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Ahl, Alwynelle S AU - Nganwa, David AU - Wilson, Saul AD - USDA Fellow, Center for the Integrated Study of Food, Animal and Plant Systems at Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama 36083, USA. asahl@tusk.edu Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 48 EP - 50 VL - 969 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Zoonoses KW - Public Health KW - Food Microbiology KW - Humans KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Communicable Disease Control KW - Food Parasitology KW - Meat -- standards KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Meat -- parasitology KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Communicable Diseases, Emerging -- transmission KW - Communicable Diseases, Emerging -- prevention & control KW - Animals, Wild UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72187179?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Public+health+considerations+in+human+consumption+of+wild+game.&rft.au=Ahl%2C+Alwynelle+S%3BNganwa%2C+David%3BWilson%2C+Saul&rft.aulast=Ahl&rft.aufirst=Alwynelle&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=969&rft.issue=&rft.spage=48&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-11 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular characterization of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from a poultry further processing facility and from fully cooked product. AN - 72177607; 12380741 AB - This study was undertaken to explore environmental sources of Listeria monocytogenes in a commercial chicken further processing facility and to compare the isolates obtained from this facility with others obtained from fully cooked product. In a survey conducted at the processing facility, 40 environmental sites (encompassing two production lines and representing areas in which raw and cooked products are processed) were cultured for L. monocytogenes. The resulting isolates were subjected to molecular subtyping by ribotyping, and these isolates were compared with 25 isolates collected by plant personnel from product contact surfaces and from fully cooked product. Eighty-nine environmental and product isolates were divided into 15 distinct ribogroups. Two ribogroups included isolates from fully cooked product; the members of these two ribogroups were subjected to further analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, resulting in four clusters. L. monocytogenes isolates from fully cooked product produced on line 1 were found to be indistinguishable from isolates collected from (i) drains on the raw-product side of line 1 and (ii) the floor surface in the cooked-product area of line 1. L. monocytogenes isolates from fully cooked product from line 2 were found to be indistinguishable from isolates collected from (i) the spiral freezer exit conveyor on line 2, (ii) raw product contact surfaces on line 1, and (iii) drains in the cooked-product area of line 1. These data suggest that L. monocytogenes can colonize a poultry further processing facility and eventually be transferred to fully cooked product. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Berrang, M E AU - Meinersmann, R J AU - Northcutt, J K AU - Smith, D P AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30605-5677, USA. mberrang@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 1574 EP - 1579 VL - 65 IS - 10 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Ribotyping KW - Animals KW - Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Food-Processing Industry KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- isolation & purification KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- genetics KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Equipment Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Chickens -- microbiology KW - Poultry Products -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72177607?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Molecular+characterization+of+Listeria+monocytogenes+isolated+from+a+poultry+further+processing+facility+and+from+fully+cooked+product.&rft.au=Berrang%2C+M+E%3BMeinersmann%2C+R+J%3BNorthcutt%2C+J+K%3BSmith%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=Berrang&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1574&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-21 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in raw ground beef stored at 10 degrees C and the influence of competitive bacterial flora, strain variation, and fat level. AN - 72177163; 12380736 AB - Pure-culture broth-based models of the growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 have been used to estimate its behavior in ground beef, even though these models have not been adequately validated for this food product. This situation limits accurate estimates of the behavior of E. coli O157:H7 in ground beef and introduces uncertainties in risk assessments. In the present study, the growth of single and multiple strains of E. coli O157:H7 were measured in retail ground beef stored at 10 degrees C for up to 12 days, and the results were compared with estimates generated by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Pathogen Modeling Program (PMP; version 5.1). At pH 5.9, the PMP predicted a maximum population density (MPD) of 9.13 log10 CFU/g, an exponential growth rate (EGR) of 0.052 log10 CFU/h, and a lag time of 56.3 h. Similar parameter values were observed for sterilized ground beef; however, no lag phase was observed. In contrast, the mean MPD and EGR for retail ground beef were 5.09 log10 CFU/g and 0.019 log10 CFU/h, respectively, and no lag phase was observed. Both the EGR and the MPD increased with decreasing fat levels. There was low variation in the MPD and EGR parameters for the nine E. coli O157:H7 ground beef isolates. Two isolates of competitive native flora were separately added to sterilized ground beef, and the EGR and MPD decreased as the ratio of competitive flora to E. coli O157:H7 increased. For one strain, at ratios of 1:1, 10:1, and 100:1, the EGRs were 0.033, 0.025, and 0.018 log10 CFU/h, respectively, and the MPDs were 6.14, 5.08, and 4.84 log10 CFU/g, respectively. These results demonstrate that existing broth-based models for E coli O157:H7 must be validated for food and that models should consider the effects of the food matrix, the competitive microflora, and potential pathogen strain variation. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Tamplin, Mark L AD - Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. mtamplin@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 1535 EP - 1540 VL - 65 IS - 10 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Fats KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Fats -- pharmacology KW - Cattle KW - Food Microbiology KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Temperature KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Time Factors KW - Models, Biological KW - Meat Products -- microbiology KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- growth & development KW - Meat Products -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72177163?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Growth+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+in+raw+ground+beef+stored+at+10+degrees+C+and+the+influence+of+competitive+bacterial+flora%2C+strain+variation%2C+and+fat+level.&rft.au=Tamplin%2C+Mark+L&rft.aulast=Tamplin&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1535&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-21 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of methods for the recovery of Escherichia coil O157:H7 and Salmonella from beef carcass sponge samples and bovine fecal and hide samples. AN - 72175004; 12380735 AB - Culture methods were developed for the concurrent recovery of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella from bovine carcass, hide, and fecal samples. Several enrichment conditions were tested for the overall growth of pure cultures; tryptic soy broth for 2 h at 25 degrees C and then for 6 h at 42 degrees C was the protocol selected for use. Immunomagnetic separation (IMS) was incorporated for sensitivity and selectivity, along with a post-IMS enrichment for the recovery of Salmonella as recommended by the manufacturer. Selective agars for plating after IMS were chosen on the basis of ease of target colony identification. Sorbitol MacConkey agar supplemented with cefixime and potassium tellurite and Rainbow agar supplemented with novobiocin and potassium tellurite were chosen for the recovery of E. coli O157:H7. Brilliant green agar with sulfadiazine and Hektoen enteric agar supplemented with novobiocin were selected for the recovery of Salmonella. The resulting methods were evaluated along with standard or previously used methods for the recovery of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella from bovine hide and fecal samples and carcass sponge samples. The Meats Research Unit (MRU) methods performed at least as well as the established methods, except that a secondary enrichment in tetrathionate (TT) broth prior to IMS was required for the optimal recovery of Salmonella from feces. Thus, the MRU and MRU-TT methods are effective in the recovery of both E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella from a single bovine carcass, hide, or fecal sample. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Barkocy-Gallagher, Genevieve A AU - Berry, Elaine D AU - Rivera-Betancourt, Mildred AU - Arthur, Terrance M AU - Nou, Xiangwu AU - Koohmaraie, Mohammad AD - Roman L Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933-0166, USA. gallagher@email.marc.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 1527 EP - 1534 VL - 65 IS - 10 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Culture Media KW - 0 KW - Agar KW - 9002-18-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Temperature KW - Immunomagnetic Separation -- veterinary KW - Time Factors KW - Skin -- microbiology KW - Feces -- microbiology KW - Colony Count, Microbial -- methods KW - Cattle -- microbiology KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- isolation & purification KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72175004?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Development+of+methods+for+the+recovery+of+Escherichia+coil+O157%3AH7+and+Salmonella+from+beef+carcass+sponge+samples+and+bovine+fecal+and+hide+samples.&rft.au=Barkocy-Gallagher%2C+Genevieve+A%3BBerry%2C+Elaine+D%3BRivera-Betancourt%2C+Mildred%3BArthur%2C+Terrance+M%3BNou%2C+Xiangwu%3BKoohmaraie%2C+Mohammad&rft.aulast=Barkocy-Gallagher&rft.aufirst=Genevieve&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1527&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-21 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distinct N-terminal regulatory domains of Ca(2+)/H(+) antiporters. AN - 72171314; 12376668 AB - The regulation of intracellular Ca(2+) levels is achieved in part by high-capacity vacuolar Ca(2+)/H(+) antiporters. An N-terminal regulatory region (NRR) on the Arabidopsis Ca(2+)/H(+) antiporter CAX1 (cation exchanger 1) has been shown previously to regulate Ca(2+) transport by a mechanism of N-terminal auto-inhibition. Here, we examine the regulation of other CAX transporters, both within Arabidopsis and from another plant, mung bean (Vigna radiata), to ascertain if this mechanism is commonly used among Ca(2+)/H(+) antiporters. Biochemical analysis of mung bean VCAX1 expressed in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) showed that N-terminal truncated VCAX1 had approximately 70% greater antiport activity compared with full-length VCAX1. A synthetic peptide corresponding to the NRR of CAX1, which can strongly inhibit Ca(2+) transport by CAX1, could not dramatically inhibit Ca(2+) transport by truncated VCAX1. The N terminus of Arabidopsis CAX3 was also shown to contain an NRR. Additions of either the CAX3 or VCAX1 regulatory regions to the N terminus of an N-terminal truncated CAX1 failed to inhibit CAX1 activity. When fused to N-terminal truncated CAX1, both the CAX3 and VCAX1 regulatory regions could only auto-inhibit CAX1 after mutagenesis of specific amino acids within this NRR region. These findings demonstrate that N-terminal regulation is present in other plant CAX transporters, and suggest distinct regulatory features among these transporters. JF - Plant physiology AU - Pittman, Jon K AU - Sreevidya, Coimbatore S AU - Shigaki, Toshiro AU - Ueoka-Nakanishi, Hanayo AU - Hirschi, Kendal D AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 1054 EP - 1062 VL - 130 IS - 2 SN - 0032-0889, 0032-0889 KW - Antiporters KW - 0 KW - Calcium-Binding Proteins KW - Cation Transport Proteins KW - Peptide Fragments KW - calcium-hydrogen antiporters KW - Histidine KW - 4QD397987E KW - Nitrogen KW - N762921K75 KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Biological Transport -- drug effects KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Fabaceae -- metabolism KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- genetics KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Arabidopsis -- genetics KW - Arabidopsis -- metabolism KW - Fabaceae -- genetics KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Plant KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Vacuoles -- metabolism KW - Mutation KW - Histidine -- pharmacology KW - Peptide Fragments -- metabolism KW - Calcium -- metabolism KW - Peptide Fragments -- genetics KW - Antiporters -- metabolism KW - Calcium -- pharmacology KW - Calcium-Binding Proteins -- genetics KW - Calcium-Binding Proteins -- metabolism KW - Antiporters -- genetics KW - Nitrogen -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72171314?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+physiology&rft.atitle=Distinct+N-terminal+regulatory+domains+of+Ca%282%2B%29%2FH%28%2B%29+antiporters.&rft.au=Pittman%2C+Jon+K%3BSreevidya%2C+Coimbatore+S%3BShigaki%2C+Toshiro%3BUeoka-Nakanishi%2C+Hanayo%3BHirschi%2C+Kendal+D&rft.aulast=Pittman&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=130&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=1054&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+physiology&rft.issn=00320889&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-06 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Feb 16;96(4):1409-14 [9990037] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Aug 6;93(16):8782-6 [8710949] Physiol Rev. 1999 Jul;79(3):763-854 [10390518] Plant Cell. 1999 Nov;11(11):2113-22 [10559438] Plant Physiol. 2000 Jan;122(1):157-68 [10631259] Eur J Biochem. 2000 May;267(10):3090-8 [10806410] Genes Dev. 2000 Jul 1;14(13):1595-604 [10887154] J Biol Chem. 2000 Jul 7;275(27):20903-10 [10767288] Plant Physiol. 2000 Sep;124(1):125-33 [10982428] Gene. 2000 Oct 31;257(2):291-8 [11080595] Plant Cell Physiol. 2000 Sep;41(9):1067-71 [11100779] Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol. 2000;51:433-62 [11543429] Trends Plant Sci. 2001 Mar;6(3):100-4 [11239607] Plant Physiol. 2001 Aug;126(4):1646-67 [11500563] Trends Plant Sci. 2001 Sep;6(9):395-7 [11544110] Anal Biochem. 2001 Nov 1;298(1):118-20 [11673903] J Biol Chem. 2001 Nov 16;276(46):43152-9 [11562366] Plant Physiol. 2001 Nov;127(3):1020-9 [11706183] Plant Physiol. 2002 Apr;128(4):1245-54 [11950973] J Biol Chem. 2002 Jul 19;277(29):26452-9 [12006570] Plant Mol Biol. 2002 Oct;50(3):475-83 [12369623] J Biol Chem. 1990 Jun 15;265(17):9617-20 [2351660] J Biol Chem. 1991 Jan 15;266(2):1014-20 [1985930] J Biol Chem. 1993 Aug 15;268(23):17120-5 [8394328] Mol Cell Biol. 1996 May;16(5):2226-37 [8628289] Eur J Biochem. 1999 Jun;262(2):417-25 [10336626] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of the Ca2+ domain in the Arabidopsis H+/Ca2+ antiporters CAX1 and CAX3. AN - 72167517; 12369623 AB - Ca2+ levels in plants are controlled in part by H+/Ca2+ exchangers. Structure/function analysis of the Arabidopsis H+/cation exchanger, CAX1, revealed that a nine amino acid region (87-95) is involved in CAX1-mediated Ca2+ specificity. CAX3 is 77% identical (93% similar) to CAX1, and when expressed in yeast, localizes to the vacuole but does not suppress yeast mutants defective in vacuolar Ca2+ transport. Transgenic tobacco plants expressing CAX3 containing the 9 amino acid Ca2+ domain (Cad) from CAX1 (CAX3-9) displayed altered stress sensitivities similar to CAX1-expressing plants, whereas CAX3-9-expressing plants did not have any altered stress sensitivities. A single leucine-to-isoleucine change at position 87 (CAX3-I) within the Cad of CAX3 allows this protein to weakly transport Ca2+ in yeast (less than 10% of CAX1). Site-directed mutagenesis of the leucine in the CAX3 Cad demonstrated that no amino acid change tested could confer more activity than CAX3-I. Transport studies in yeast demonstrated that the first three amino acids of the CAX1 Cad could confer twice the Ca2+ transport capability compared to CAX3-I. The entire Cad of CAX3 (87-95) inserted into CAX1 abolishes CAX1-mediated Ca2+ transport. However, single, double, or triple amino acid replacements within the native CAX1 Cad did not block CAX1 mediated Ca2+ transport. Together these findings suggest that other domains within CAX1 and CAX3 influence Ca2+ transport. This study has implications for the ability to engineer CAX-mediated transport in plants by manipulating Cad residues. JF - Plant molecular biology AU - Shigaki, Toshiro AU - Sreevidya, Coimbatore AU - Hirschi, Kendal D AD - Baylor College of Medicine, Plant Physiology Group, USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 475 EP - 483 VL - 50 IS - 3 SN - 0167-4412, 0167-4412 KW - Antiporters KW - 0 KW - Arabidopsis Proteins KW - Calcium-Binding Proteins KW - Cation Transport Proteins KW - Protein Isoforms KW - calcium-hydrogen antiporters KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Plants, Genetically Modified KW - Protein Isoforms -- metabolism KW - Biological Transport KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Tobacco -- genetics KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- genetics KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- metabolism KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Tobacco -- metabolism KW - Binding Sites -- genetics KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Plant KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Protein Isoforms -- genetics KW - Vacuoles -- metabolism KW - Mutation KW - Amino Acid Substitution KW - Calcium -- metabolism KW - Antiporters -- metabolism KW - Arabidopsis Proteins -- genetics KW - Calcium-Binding Proteins -- genetics KW - Calcium-Binding Proteins -- metabolism KW - Antiporters -- genetics KW - Arabidopsis Proteins -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72167517?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+molecular+biology&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+the+Ca2%2B+domain+in+the+Arabidopsis+H%2B%2FCa2%2B+antiporters+CAX1+and+CAX3.&rft.au=Shigaki%2C+Toshiro%3BSreevidya%2C+Coimbatore%3BHirschi%2C+Kendal+D&rft.aulast=Shigaki&rft.aufirst=Toshiro&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=475&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+molecular+biology&rft.issn=01674412&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-21 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modification of alternan by novel Penicillium spp. AN - 72134480; 12355315 AB - Four strains identified as Penicillium spp. were isolated from soil samples based on their capacity to modify the unique polysaccharide, alternan. Spores from these isolates germinated in medium containing alternan and reduced the apparent molecular weight of alternan as determined by high-performance size exclusion chromatography and viscometry. However, the fungi exhibited limited growth on alternan and did not consume the substrate. The rheological properties of the modified alternan resembled those of commercial gum arabic. Thus, treatment of native alternan with spores from these Penicillium spp. strains constitutes a simple bioconversion method to quantitatively produce novel and potentially useful modified alternan. JF - Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology AU - Leathers, T D AU - Nunnally, M S AU - Côté, G L AD - Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 177 EP - 180 VL - 29 IS - 4 SN - 1367-5435, 1367-5435 KW - Glucans KW - 0 KW - alternan KW - Index Medicus KW - Chromatography, Gel KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Time Factors KW - Molecular Weight KW - Penicillium -- classification KW - Penicillium -- growth & development KW - Penicillium -- metabolism KW - Glucans -- metabolism KW - Glucans -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72134480?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+industrial+microbiology+%26+biotechnology&rft.atitle=Modification+of+alternan+by+novel+Penicillium+spp.&rft.au=Leathers%2C+T+D%3BNunnally%2C+M+S%3BC%C3%B4t%C3%A9%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Leathers&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+industrial+microbiology+%26+biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-18 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Full-length genome analysis of natural isolates of vesicular stomatitis virus (Indiana 1 serotype) from North, Central and South America. AN - 72097621; 12237430 AB - Most studies on the molecular biology and functional analysis of vesicular stomatitis virus Indiana 1 serotype (VSV-IN1) are based on the only full-length genomic sequence currently deposited in GenBank. This sequence is a composite of several VSV-IN1 laboratory strains passaged extensively in tissue culture over the years and it is not certain that this sequence is representative of strains circulating in nature. We describe here the complete genomic sequence of three natural isolates, each representing a distinct genetic lineage and geographical origin: 98COE (North America), 94GUB (Central America) and 85CLB (South America). Genome structure and organization were conserved, with a 47 nucleotide 3' leader, five viral genes -- N, P, M, G and L -- and a 59 nucleotide 5' trailer. The most conserved gene was N, followed by M, L and G, with the most variable being P. Sequences containing the polyadenylation and transcription stop and start signals were completely conserved among all the viruses studied, but changes were found in the non-transcribed intergenic nucleotides, including the presence of a trinucleotide at the M-G junction of the South American lineage isolate. A 102-189 nucleotide insertion was present in the 5' non-coding region of the G gene only in the viruses within a genetic lineage from northern Central America. These full-length genomic sequences should be useful in designing diagnostic probes and in the interpretation of functional genomic analyses using reverse genetics. JF - The Journal of general virology AU - Rodriguez, Luis L AU - Pauszek, Steven J AU - Bunch, Thomas A AU - Schumann, Kate R AD - Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Orient Point, Long Island, PO Box 848 Greenport, NY 11944-0848, USA. lrodriguez@piad.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 2475 EP - 2483 VL - 83 SN - 0022-1317, 0022-1317 KW - G protein, vesicular stomatitis virus KW - 0 KW - M protein, Vesicular stomatitis virus KW - Membrane Glycoproteins KW - Nucleocapsid Proteins KW - P protein, Vesicular stomatitis virus KW - Phosphoproteins KW - RNA, Untranslated KW - RNA, Viral KW - Viral Envelope Proteins KW - Viral Matrix Proteins KW - Viral Nonstructural Proteins KW - Viral Proteins KW - Viral Structural Proteins KW - L protein, vesicular stomatitis virus KW - EC 2.7.7.48 KW - RNA Replicase KW - Index Medicus KW - Phylogeny KW - North America KW - Viral Matrix Proteins -- genetics KW - Phosphoproteins -- genetics KW - Nucleocapsid -- genetics KW - Humans KW - South America KW - Base Sequence KW - Viral Nonstructural Proteins -- genetics KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Viral Structural Proteins -- genetics KW - Central America KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional KW - RNA Replicase -- genetics KW - Viral Envelope Proteins -- genetics KW - Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus -- genetics KW - Genome, Viral KW - Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72097621?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+general+virology&rft.atitle=Full-length+genome+analysis+of+natural+isolates+of+vesicular+stomatitis+virus+%28Indiana+1+serotype%29+from+North%2C+Central+and+South+America.&rft.au=Rodriguez%2C+Luis+L%3BPauszek%2C+Steven+J%3BBunch%2C+Thomas+A%3BSchumann%2C+Kate+R&rft.aulast=Rodriguez&rft.aufirst=Luis&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=&rft.spage=2475&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+general+virology&rft.issn=00221317&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-25 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AF473864; GENBANK; AF473866; AF473865 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparing the effects of five different statins on the HDL subpopulation profiles of coronary heart disease patients. AN - 72048693; 12204809 AB - We compared the effects of five different statins (atorvastatin, simvastatin, pravastatin, lovastatin, and fluvastatin) on the lipid, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein (apo) A-I-containing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subpopulation profiles of 86 coronary heart disease (CHD) patients. Patients with established CHD, and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (C)>130 mg/dl, and triglyceride (TG)<400 mg/dl, were treated with atorvastatin 20, 40, and 80 mg/day and one of the other four statins at 20, 40, and when available 80 mg/day in increasing doses (4 weeks of each dose) in a randomized crossover fashion. There was an 8-week placebo controlled washout period between different drug treatments. All five statins on each dose resulted in significant reductions in total- and LDL-C compared to placebo treatment. There were also decreases in plasma TG and increases in HDL-C and apoA-I concentrations, but not all treatments changed these parameters significantly. Each statin except fluvastatin improved the HDL subpopulation profile by increasing the concentrations of the large, cholesterol-rich, LpA-I alpha-1 and prealpha-1 HDL subpopulations. CHD patients have significantly lower concentration of the large, LpA-I alpha-1 HDL particles compared to controls. Our data indicate that statins which are the most effective in lowering LDL-C and TG are also the most effective agents in modifying the HDL subpopulation profile in CHD patients towards the patterns found in healthy individuals. The order of efficacy of statins in increasing alpha-1 HDL subpopulation was: atorvastatin, simvastatin, pravastatin, lovastatin and fluvastatin. JF - Atherosclerosis AU - Asztalos, Bela F AU - Horvath, Katalin V AU - McNamara, Judith R AU - Roheim, Paul S AU - Rubinstein, Joel J AU - Schaefer, Ernst J AD - Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Center on Aging at Tufts University and Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Diabetes, and Molecular Medicine, New England Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA. basztalos@hnrc.tufts.edu Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 361 EP - 369 VL - 164 IS - 2 SN - 0021-9150, 0021-9150 KW - Apolipoprotein A-I KW - 0 KW - Cholesterol, HDL KW - Cholesterol, LDL KW - Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated KW - Heptanoic Acids KW - Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors KW - Indoles KW - Pyrroles KW - Atorvastatin Calcium KW - 48A5M73Z4Q KW - fluvastatin KW - 4L066368AS KW - Lovastatin KW - 9LHU78OQFD KW - Simvastatin KW - AGG2FN16EV KW - Pravastatin KW - KXO2KT9N0G KW - Index Medicus KW - Severity of Illness Index KW - Probability KW - Reference Values KW - Drug Administration Schedule KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated -- administration & dosage KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Pyrroles -- administration & dosage KW - Single-Blind Method KW - Lovastatin -- administration & dosage KW - Pravastatin -- administration & dosage KW - Adult KW - Treatment Outcome KW - Cross-Over Studies KW - Heptanoic Acids -- administration & dosage KW - Indoles -- administration & dosage KW - Middle Aged KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Maximum Tolerated Dose KW - Simvastatin -- administration & dosage KW - Male KW - Female KW - Coronary Disease -- drug therapy KW - Coronary Disease -- diagnosis KW - Cholesterol, HDL -- metabolism KW - Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors -- administration & dosage KW - Cholesterol, LDL -- drug effects KW - Apolipoprotein A-I -- drug effects KW - Apolipoprotein A-I -- metabolism KW - Cholesterol, LDL -- metabolism KW - Cholesterol, HDL -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72048693?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atherosclerosis&rft.atitle=Comparing+the+effects+of+five+different+statins+on+the+HDL+subpopulation+profiles+of+coronary+heart+disease+patients.&rft.au=Asztalos%2C+Bela+F%3BHorvath%2C+Katalin+V%3BMcNamara%2C+Judith+R%3BRoheim%2C+Paul+S%3BRubinstein%2C+Joel+J%3BSchaefer%2C+Ernst+J&rft.aulast=Asztalos&rft.aufirst=Bela&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=164&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=361&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atherosclerosis&rft.issn=00219150&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-06 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-24 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-25 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioremediation of chlorate or perchlorate contaminated water using permeable barriers containing vegetable oil. AN - 72017358; 12192528 AB - A scale model of an in situ permeable barrier, formed by injecting vegetable oil onto laboratory soil columns, was used to remove chlorate and perchlorate from flowing groundwater. The hypothesis that trapped oil would serve as a substrate enabling native microorganisms to reduce chlorate or perchlorate to chloride as water flowed through the oil-rich zone had merit. Approximately 96% of the 0.2 mM chlorate and 99% of the 0.2 mM perchlorate present in the water was removed as water was pumped through columns containing vegetable oil barriers. The product formed was chloride. When nitrate at 1.4 mM was added to the water, both nitrate and chlorate were removed. High concentrations of chlorate or perchlorate can be treated; 24 m M chlorate and 6 mM perchlorate were completely reduced to chloride during microcosm incubations. Microorganisms capable of reducing perchlorate are plentiful in the environment. JF - Current microbiology AU - Hunter, William J AD - USDA-ARS, P. O. Box E, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA. jhunter@lamar.colostate.edu Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 287 EP - 292 VL - 45 IS - 4 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - Chlorates KW - 0 KW - Nitrates KW - Nitrites KW - Perchlorates KW - Plant Oils KW - Sodium Compounds KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - sodium perchlorate KW - 97F4MTY3VA KW - Index Medicus KW - Nitrites -- analysis KW - Water Microbiology -- standards KW - Soil Microbiology -- standards KW - Models, Structural KW - Nitrites -- metabolism KW - Nitrates -- metabolism KW - Nitrites -- isolation & purification KW - Bacteria -- metabolism KW - Permeability KW - Water Supply -- standards KW - Bacteria -- classification KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Nitrates -- analysis KW - Nitrates -- isolation & purification KW - Plant Oils -- metabolism KW - Sodium Compounds -- metabolism KW - Chlorates -- metabolism KW - Water Purification -- methods KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- isolation & purification KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- metabolism KW - Perchlorates -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72017358?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+microbiology&rft.atitle=Bioremediation+of+chlorate+or+perchlorate+contaminated+water+using+permeable+barriers+containing+vegetable+oil.&rft.au=Hunter%2C+William+J&rft.aulast=Hunter&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-24 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soils, saprolite and weathered rock; major properties, hydrologic behavior, types, and national distribution from a pedologic perspective AN - 51975554; 2003-046082 AB - Information is collected on the weathering zone, including saprolite, within several meters of the ground surface as a regular part of the soil inventory process of the National Cooperative Soil Survey (NCSS). I will present an overview of the types, content, and limitations of information on weathered rock, including saprolite, found within soil survey databases (e.g. NASIS, Soils Characterization Database) at national and state scales, as well as results from ongoing National Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) investigations. Particular emphasis is placed upon the chemical, physical, and hydrologic behavior (e.g. saturated hydraulic conductivity) from a pedologic perspective, potential environmental importance, types of weathered rock, and the distributions of these materials in the US. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Schoeneberger, Philip J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 104 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 34 IS - 6 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - data processing KW - properties KW - weathering KW - spatial distribution KW - saprolite KW - physical properties KW - sedimentary rocks KW - weathered materials KW - data bases KW - chemical properties KW - Soils Characterization Database KW - NASIS KW - clastic rocks KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51975554?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Soils%2C+saprolite+and+weathered+rock%3B+major+properties%2C+hydrologic+behavior%2C+types%2C+and+national+distribution+from+a+pedologic+perspective&rft.au=Schoeneberger%2C+Philip+J%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Schoeneberger&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=104&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 2002 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chemical properties; clastic rocks; data bases; data processing; hydrology; NASIS; physical properties; properties; saprolite; sedimentary rocks; soils; Soils Characterization Database; spatial distribution; United States; weathered materials; weathering ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing sedimentation issues within aging flood control reservoirs in Oklahoma AN - 27738144; 200309-33-0178 (CE); 05526541 (EN) AB - Since 1948, the USDA-NRCS has constructed nearly 11,000 flood control dams across the United States, and many of the reservoirs are rapidly filling with sediment. To rehabilitate these structures, the impounded sediment must be assessed to determine the volume of accumulated sediment and the potential hazard this sediment may pose if reintroduced to the environment. An assessment of sedimentation issues within two reservoirs, Sugar Creek No. 12, Hinton, Oklahoma, and Sergeant Major No. 4, Cheyenne, Oklahoma, is presented. Sediment cores obtained using a vibracoring system were composed of alternating layers of gravel, sand, silt, and clay. Stratigraphic analysis coupled with super(137)Cs dating techniques enabled the discrimination of pre-construction sediment from post-construction deposition. An acoustic profiling system was unencumbered by the relatively shallow water depth at Sugar Creek No. 12 and the seismic horizons agreed well with the sediment core data. Total sediment volume determined from the acoustic survey and the sediment core data for comparable areas differed by only 1.4 percent. The seismic profiling system worked well in the relatively deeper lake of Sergeant Major No. 4 and showed good correspondence to the collected core data. Detailed chemical analyses showed that overall sediment quality was good at both locations and that chemical composition was spatially invariant. Implementation of these techniques will aid action agencies such as the USDA-NRCS in their assessment and effective management of aging flood control reservoirs. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Bennett, S J AU - Cooper, C M AU - Ritchie, J C AU - Dunbar, J A AU - Allen, P M AU - Caldwell, L W AU - McGee, T M AD - USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 1157, Oxford, Mississippi 38655, USA sjbennett@ars.usda.gov PY - 2002 SP - 1307 EP - 1322 PB - AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION, 4 West Federal St, P O Box 1626, Middleburg, VA, 20118-1626, USA, [mailto:info@awra.org], [URL:http://www.awra.org] VL - 38 IS - 5 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Reservoirs KW - Flood control KW - Chemical composition KW - Seismic engineering KW - Seismic phenomena KW - Sedimentation KW - Acoustic surveying KW - Depth profiling KW - Resource management KW - Gravel KW - Filling KW - Clay (material) KW - Construction KW - Dating techniques KW - Silts KW - Sand (material) KW - Dam construction KW - Hazards KW - Article KW - EE 40:Water Pollution: Monitoring, Control & Remediation (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/27738144?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Assessing+sedimentation+issues+within+aging+flood+control+reservoirs+in+Oklahoma&rft.au=Bennett%2C+S+J%3BCooper%2C+C+M%3BRitchie%2C+J+C%3BDunbar%2C+J+A%3BAllen%2C+P+M%3BCaldwell%2C+L+W%3BMcGee%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1307&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multiplex Fluorogenic Real-Time PCR for Detection and Quantification of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Dairy Wastewater Wetlands AN - 19767346; 5457362 AB - Surface water and groundwater are continuously used as sources of drinking water in many metropolitan areas of the United States. The quality of water from these sources may be reduced due to increases in contaminants such as Escherichia coli from urban and agricultural runoffs. In this study, a multiplex fluorogenic PCR assay was used to quantify E. coli O157:H7 in soil, manure, cow and calf feces, and dairy wastewater in an artificial wetland. Primers and probes were designed to amplify and quantify the Shiga-like toxin 1 (stx1) and 2 (stx2) genes and the intimin (eae) gene of E. coli O157:H7 in a single reaction. Primer specificity was confirmed with DNA from 33 E. coli O157:H7 and related strains with and without the three genes. A direct correlation was determined between the fluorescence threshold cycle (C sub(T)) and the starting quantity of E. coli O157:H7 DNA. A similar correlation was observed between the C sub(T) and number of CFU per milliliter used in the PCR assay. A detection limit of 7.9 x 10 super(-5) pg of E. coli O157:H7 DNA ml super(-1) equivalent to approximately 6.4 x 10 super(3) CFU of E. coli O157:H7 ml super(-1) based on plate counts was determined. Quantification of E. coli O157:H7 in soil, manure, feces, and wastewater was possible when cell numbers were [>=]3.5 x 10 super(4) CFU g super(-1). E. coli O157:H7 levels detected in wetland samples decreased by about 2 logs between wetland influents and effluents. The detection limit of the assay in soil was improved to less than 10 CFU g super(-1) with a 16-h enrichment. These results indicate that the developed PCR assay is suitable for quantitative determination of E. coli O157:H7 in environmental samples and represents a considerable advancement in pathogen quantification in different ecosystems. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Ibekwe, A M AU - Watt, P M AU - Grieve, C M AU - Sharma, V K AU - Lyons AD - USDA-ARS-George E. Brown Jr. Salinity Laboratory, 450 W. Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA 92507, aibekwe@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 4853 EP - 4862 VL - 68 IS - 10 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Shiga-like toxin 1 KW - eae gene KW - stx1 gene KW - stx2 gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Manure KW - Microbial contamination KW - Microbiological Studies KW - Urban runoff KW - Soil KW - Escherichia coli KW - Wetlands KW - Dairy Wastes KW - Feces KW - Agricultural runoff KW - Fluorescence KW - Agricultural wastes KW - Sewage ponds KW - Effluents KW - Escherichia Coli KW - Surface-groundwater Relations KW - Detection Limits KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Primers KW - Contaminants KW - Wastewater KW - Runoff KW - Intimin KW - Surface water KW - DNA probes KW - Agricultural pollution KW - Artificial wetlands KW - Probes KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Ground water KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Shiga-like toxin KW - Pollution detection KW - Cell number KW - Pathogens KW - Dairies KW - Analytical Methods KW - Colony-forming cells KW - Drinking water KW - Waste water KW - J 02410:Animal Diseases KW - P 3000:SEWAGE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - A 01108:Other water systems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19767346?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Multiplex+Fluorogenic+Real-Time+PCR+for+Detection+and+Quantification+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+in+Dairy+Wastewater+Wetlands&rft.au=Ibekwe%2C+A+M%3BWatt%2C+P+M%3BGrieve%2C+C+M%3BSharma%2C+V+K%3BLyons&rft.aulast=Ibekwe&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=4853&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.68.10.4853-4862.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fluorescence; Pollution detection; Agricultural pollution; Polymerase chain reaction; Wetlands; Sewage ponds; Microbial contamination; Waste water; Manure; Cell number; Surface water; DNA probes; Artificial wetlands; Probes; Pathogens; Effluents; Soil; Dairies; Colony-forming cells; Ground water; Primers; eae gene; Contaminants; Drinking water; Feces; Shiga-like toxin; Intimin; Runoff; Urban runoff; Agricultural wastes; Groundwater pollution; Wastewater treatment; Agricultural runoff; Escherichia Coli; Surface-groundwater Relations; Detection Limits; Analytical Methods; Dairy Wastes; Wastewater; Microbiological Studies; Escherichia coli DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.10.4853-4862.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biodegradation of Coproducts from Industrially Processed Corn in a Compost Environment AN - 19429598; 5559453 AB - Information pertaining to biodegradability of renewable polymeric material is critical for the design and development of single-use biodegradable consumer products. The rate and extent of biodegradation of corn fiber, corn zein, cornstarch, distillers grain, and corn gluten meal were evaluated in compost environments under variable temperature, pH, and moisture conditions. Generally, composts with higher temperature (40 degree C), neutral pH (7.0), and 50%-60% moisture appeared to be ideal for corn coproduct biodegradation, particularly for corn gluten meal and corn zein. Low moisture conditions slowed biodegradation considerably, but degradation rates improved when moisture content increased up to 60%. Thereafter, increased moisture particularly slowed the degradation of corn gluten meal and corn zein, whereas cornstarch degradation remained unaffected. At low pH (4.0) and high pH (11.0) the rate of degradation of most coproducts was slowed somewhat. Cornstarch degradation was slower at pH 7.0, but degradation improved with increased temperatures. Increase in compost temperature from 25 to 40 degree C (in 5 degree C increments) also improved biodegradation of corn fiber and distillers grain. Addition of 1% urea to compost as a nitrogen source decreased the extent of biodegradation nearly 40% for corn gluten meal and corn zein, and 20% for cornstarch samples. Treatment of compost with 0.02% azide inhibited biodegradation of all coproducts, suggesting that the presence of metabolically active microbial cells is required for effective degradation of biobased materials in a compost environment. JF - Journal of Polymers and the Environment AU - Imam, SH AU - Gordon, SH AD - Plant Polymer Research, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA, IMAMSH@NCAUR.USDA.GOV Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 147 EP - 154 VL - 10 IS - 4 SN - 1566-2543, 1566-2543 KW - maize KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Compost KW - Temperature effects KW - Gluten KW - Zein KW - Materials testing KW - Biodegradation KW - Consumer products KW - Composts KW - Nitrogen sources KW - Urea KW - Biodegradability KW - Fibers KW - Zea mays KW - Grain KW - Consumers KW - Polymers KW - pH effects KW - W 30950:Waste Treatment & Pollution Clean-up KW - A 01320:Microbial Degradation KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19429598?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Polymers+and+the+Environment&rft.atitle=Biodegradation+of+Coproducts+from+Industrially+Processed+Corn+in+a+Compost+Environment&rft.au=Imam%2C+SH%3BGordon%2C+SH&rft.aulast=Imam&rft.aufirst=SH&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Polymers+and+the+Environment&rft.issn=15662543&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gluten; Temperature effects; Fibers; Zein; Biodegradation; Nitrogen sources; Composts; Grain; Consumers; Urea; Biodegradability; pH effects; Compost; Materials testing; Consumer products; Polymers; Zea mays ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Case Study: Channel Stability of the Missouri River, Eastern Montana AN - 19394973; 5492206 AB - The construction of Fort Peck Dam in the 1930s on the Missouri River, eastern Montana, initiated a series of changes in hydrologic conditions and channel morphology downstream from the dam that impacted channel stability. Impacts included streambed degradation of up to 3.6 m and substantially altered magnitude, frequency, and temporal distribution of flows. To investigate the effects of the altered flow regime and bed degradation on bank stability, two independent bank-stability analyses (one for planar failures, the other for rotational failures) were performed on 17 outside meanders. Both included the effects of matric suction and positive pore-water pressures, confining pressures, and layering. Instability occurred from the loss of matric suction and the generation of positive pore-water pressures. In this semiarid region, such hydrologic conditions are most likely to occur from the maintenance of moderate and high flows (greater than 425-566 m super(3)/s) for extended periods (5-10 days or more), thereby providing a mechanism for saturation of the streambank. For the postdam period, average annual frequencies of flows maintained above 566 m super(3)/s for 5- and 10-day durations are 149 and 257% greater, respectively. The analyses indicated that 30% of the sites were susceptible to planar failures while 53% of the sites were susceptible to rotational failures under sustained moderate- and high-flow conditions, while under a worst-case rapid drawdown scenario, 80% of the banks were susceptible to failure. Despite the negative effects of the altered flow regime, analysis of maps and aerial photographs shows that closure of Fort Peck Dam has resulted in a fourfold reduction of the average rate of long-term channel migration between the dam and the North Dakota border. JF - Journal of Hydraulic Engineering AU - Simon, A AU - Thomas, R E AU - Curini, A AU - Shields, FD Jr AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, National Sedimentation Laboratory, P.O. Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655, USA, asimon@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 880 EP - 890 VL - 128 IS - 10 SN - 0733-9429, 0733-9429 KW - USA, Montana, Missouri R. KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Environmental Effects KW - Hydrological Regime KW - Drawdown KW - Hydraulic engineering KW - Failures KW - Man-induced effects KW - Stream Degradation KW - USA, North Dakota KW - Dams KW - River meanders KW - Stream Banks KW - Stream flow rate KW - Hydrology KW - Channel Morphology KW - USA, Montana KW - Dam Effects KW - Fluvial morphology KW - USA, Missouri R. KW - River flow KW - Case Studies KW - Dam control KW - Channel flow KW - River banks KW - Bank Erosion KW - Stability Analysis KW - Instability KW - M2 556.53:Rivers, Streams, Canals (556.53) KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation KW - Q2 09171:Dynamics of lakes and rivers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19394973?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydraulic+Engineering&rft.atitle=Case+Study%3A+Channel+Stability+of+the+Missouri+River%2C+Eastern+Montana&rft.au=Simon%2C+A%3BThomas%2C+R+E%3BCurini%2C+A%3BShields%2C+FD+Jr&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=128&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=880&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydraulic+Engineering&rft.issn=07339429&rft_id=info:doi/10.1061%2F%28ASCE%290733-9429%282002%29128%3A10%28880%29 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fluvial morphology; River banks; Channel flow; Hydraulic engineering; River meanders; Dams; Failures; Stream flow rate; Hydrology; Man-induced effects; River flow; Drawdown; Dam control; Instability; Environmental Effects; Hydrological Regime; Case Studies; Bank Erosion; Stream Banks; Stability Analysis; Channel Morphology; Stream Degradation; Dam Effects; USA, Missouri R.; USA, North Dakota; USA, Montana DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2002)128:10(880) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potential for increasing the amounts of bioavailable zinc in dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L) through plant breeding AN - 19379393; 8797476 AB - A whole-body radioassay procedure was used to assess the bioavailability to rats of zinc (Zn) in seeds of 18 genotypes of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L) that were grown hydroponically. Dry beans that were labelled intrinsically with 65Zn were added to test meals fed to rats that were marginally Zn-deficient. The amount of Zn in the seeds varied between genotypes and ranged from 26.7 to 62.4mgg-1 (from 0.41 to 0.95mmolg-1) dry weight (DW). Similarly, the amount of iron (Fe) in the beans varied nearly twofold (from 52.3 to 96.3mgg-1 DW), and Zn and Fe concentrations were positively correlated. Concentrations of myo-inositolhexaphosphate (IP6) plus myo-inositolpentaphosphate (IP5) varied from 18.1 to 27.3mmolg-1 DW. Cultivars with white-coloured seeds contained relatively small amounts of tannins varying from 0.12 to 0.16mgg-1 DW (determined as catechin equivalents) compared to those with coloured seed coats (up to 2.58mgg-1 DW). All rats readily ate the test meals so that Zn intake varied directly with seed-Zn concentration. As indicated by 65Zn absorption, the bioavailability to rats of Zn in the seeds varied between genotypes and ranged from about 78 to 95% of the total Zn in the seeds. The bioavailability of Zn to marginally Zn-deficient rats was not affected markedly by either IP5+IP6 or tannin in the dry beans. These results demonstrate that the concentration of Zn in dry beans can be increased through traditional plant-breeding techniques and that this may result in significant increases in the amount of bioavailable Zn in the beans. Increasing the amount of Zn in beans may contribute significantly to improving the Zn status of individuals dependent on beans as a staple food. JF - Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture AU - House, William A AU - Welch, Ross M AU - Beebe, Steven AU - Cheng, Z AD - USDA-ARS, Plant, Soil and Nutrition Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 1452 EP - 1457 PB - John Wiley & Sons, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 82 IS - 13 SN - 0022-5142, 0022-5142 KW - Pollution Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19379393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Science+of+Food+and+Agriculture&rft.atitle=Potential+for+increasing+the+amounts+of+bioavailable+zinc+in+dry+beans+%28Phaseolus+vulgaris+L%29+through+plant+breeding&rft.au=House%2C+William+A%3BWelch%2C+Ross+M%3BBeebe%2C+Steven%3BCheng%2C+Z&rft.aulast=House&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=1452&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Science+of+Food+and+Agriculture&rft.issn=00225142&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fjsfa.1146 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.1146 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Campylobacter Colonization of the Crops of Newly Hatched Leghorn Chicks AN - 19287759; 5655870 AB - We have studied colonization of crops in newly hatched leghorn chicks (a layer breed) by wild-type and mutant strains of Campylobacter jejuni. We established that the wild-type parent strain forms a stable population level within the crop and that the mutant strains will do likewise. Concentrations of mutant strains in the crop were usually below that of the wild-type parent strain and ranged from 103 to 105 colony-forming units. These results differ from results we have previously reported concerning cecal colonization, where these same mutant strains lacked colonizing ability. The present results, therefore, indicate that bacterial factors necessary for colonization of the crop are not the same as those needed for colonization of the cecum.Original Abstract: Nota de Investigacion -Colonizacion de Campylobacter en los buches de pollitos leghorn recien nacidos. capital sigma e estudio la colonizacion de cepas normales y mutantes de Campylobacter jejuni en los buches de pollitos tipo leghorn recien nacidos. Se establecio que ambos tipos de cepas, las originales o normales y las mutantes, forman una poblacion estable dentro del buche. Las concentraciones de las cepas mutantes en el buche usualmente fueron menores que la cepa original y oscilaron entre 103 y 105 unidades formadoras de colonia por ml. Estos resultados difieren de los que hemos encontrado previamente relacionados con la colonizacion cecal, donde las mismas cepas mutantes no colonizaron. Por lo tanto, estos resultados indican que los factores bacterianos necesarios para la colonizacion del buche no son los mismos que se necesitan para la colonizacion del ciego. double prime bbreviation: CFU = colony-forming units JF - Avian Diseases AU - Ziprin, R L AU - Harvey, R B AU - Hume, ME AU - Kubena, L F AD - Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 2881 F & B Road, College Station, TX 77845 Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 985 EP - 988 PB - American Association of Avian Pathologists VL - 46 IS - 4 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Colonization KW - Campylobacter jejuni KW - Cecum KW - Population levels KW - Crops KW - J 02410:Animal Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19287759?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Campylobacter+Colonization+of+the+Crops+of+Newly+Hatched+Leghorn+Chicks&rft.au=Ziprin%2C+R+L%3BHarvey%2C+R+B%3BHume%2C+ME%3BKubena%2C+L+F&rft.aulast=Ziprin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=985&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0005-2086%282002%29046%280985%3ACCOTCO%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Colonization; Cecum; Population levels; Crops; Campylobacter jejuni DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0005-2086(2002)046(0985:CCOTCO)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recovery of Campylobacter from Segments of the Reproductive Tract of Broiler Breeder Hens AN - 19285650; 5655862 AB - Three groups of >60-wk-old broiler breeder hens were assessed for the presence of Campylobacter within segments of the reproductive tract. In the first group, after stunned, the hens were bled, scalded, and defeathered, the reproductive tracts were aseptically excised from 18 hens, six from each of three adjacent floor pens that were feces positive for Campylobacter. The reproductive tract segments (infundibulum, magnum-isthmus, shell gland, vagina, and cloaca) were pooled by pen. In the second group, 10 individual hens were sampled from the pens; the reproductive tract was divided into the following segments: magnum, isthmus, shell gland, vagina, and cloaca. For the third group, hens were obtained from two commercial farms that had been determined to be feces positive for Campylobacter, and the reproductive tract was divided into five segments, as described for the second group. Segments of the reproductive tract were placed into sterile plastic bags and suspended 1:3 (w/v) in Bolton enrichment broth, and serial dilutions were plated (0.1 ml) onto Campy-Cefex agar. The agar plates were incubated at 42 C for 24 hr in a microaerobic atmosphere. In group 1, the pooled reproductive tract segments for hens from pen A were Campylobacter positive for the shell gland, vagina, and cloaca; hens from pen B were positive for the cloaca only; and hens from pen C were positive for the magnum-isthmus and cloaca. In the second group, 9 of 10 cloaca samples were Campylobacter positive. Commercial hens in group 3 had campylobacter-positive cloaca samples (12/12), vagina (10/12), shell gland (7/12), isthmus (2/12), and magnum (4/12). Campylobacter colonization of the reproductive tract of the hen could enable vertical transmission of Campylobacter from the hen to the chick.Original Abstract: Reaislamiento de Campylobacter a partir de segmentos del tracto reproductor de gallinas reproductoras de engorde. capital sigma e evaluo la presencia de Campylobacter en segmentos del tracto reproductor en tres grupos de gallinas reproductoras de engorde de 60 semanas de edad. En el primer grupo de gallinas, luego de tomar muestras de sangre, escaldarlas y retirarles las plumas, se tomaron asepticamente los tracto reproductores de 18 gallinas, seis de cada uno de tres corrales en piso adyacentes en los cuales se detecto la presencia de Campylobacter a partir de las heces. Se agruparon los tractos reproductores (infundibulum, magnum, istmo, utero, vagina y cloaca) por corral. En el segundo grupo, los tractos reproductores de un total de 10 gallinas de los tres corrales se dividieron en los siguientes segmentos: magnum, istmo, utero, vagina y cloaca. En el tercer grupo, se obtuvieron gallinas de dos granjas comerciales en las cuales se aislo el Campylobacter a partir de las heces y sus tractos reproductores se dividieron al igual que en el segundo grupo. Se depositaron los segmentos del tracto reproductor en bolsas plasticas esteriles, se resuspendieron en una dilucion 1:3 peso/volumen de caldo de cultivo enriquecido Bolton y se sembraron diluciones consecutivas (0.1 ml) en medio agar Campy-Cefex. Las placas de agar fueron incubadas a 42 C por 24 horas en una atmosfera microaerobica. En el grupo 1, se observaron tractos reproductores positivos a Campylobacter en el utero, vagina y cloaca de las gallinas del corral A, en la cloaca de las gallinas del corral B y en el magnum, istmo y cloaca de las gallinas del corral C. En el grupo 2, 9 de 10 muestras de cloaca fueron positivas a Campylobacter. En las gallinas comerciales del grupo 3, se observo la presencia de Campylobacter en muestras de cloaca (12/12), vagina (10/12), utero (7/12), istmo (2 /12) y magnum (4/12). La colonizacion del tracto reproductivo de las gallinas puede facilitar la transmision vertical del Campylobacter a la progenie. double prime bbreviation: CFU = colony-forming units JF - Avian Diseases AU - Buhr, R J AU - Cox, NA AU - Stern, N J AU - Musgrove, M T AU - Wilson, J L AU - Hiett, K L AD - Poultry Processing and Meat Quality Research Unit, USDA, ARS, Russell Research Center, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30604-5677 Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 919 EP - 924 PB - American Association of Avian Pathologists VL - 46 IS - 4 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Agar KW - Colonization KW - Farms KW - Glands KW - Vagina KW - Campylobacter KW - Shells KW - Plastics KW - Feces KW - Atmosphere KW - Disease transmission KW - J 02410:Animal Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19285650?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Recovery+of+Campylobacter+from+Segments+of+the+Reproductive+Tract+of+Broiler+Breeder+Hens&rft.au=Buhr%2C+R+J%3BCox%2C+NA%3BStern%2C+N+J%3BMusgrove%2C+M+T%3BWilson%2C+J+L%3BHiett%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Buhr&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=919&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0005-2086%282002%29046%280919%3AROCFSO%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Colonization; Agar; Farms; Glands; Vagina; Plastics; Shells; Feces; Atmosphere; Disease transmission; Campylobacter DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0005-2086(2002)046(0919:ROCFSO)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recruitment potential of two perennial grasses with different growth forms at a semiarid-arid transition zone AN - 19229176; 5780084 AB - The objective of this study was to quantify differences in recruitment potential (seed production, seed presence in the soil) for two congeneric perennial grasses (Bouteloua gracilis, Bouteloua eriopoda [Poaceae]) that dominate adjacent arid and semiarid grassland biomes. It was hypothesized that these species have different recruitment strategies at the biome transition zone that are related to differences in their growth form and longevity. Recruitment potential for each Bouteloua species was compared in patches dominated by one or both species or codominated by the invasive shrub, Larrea tridentata (Zygophyllaceae). Regional variation in recruitment was examined for B. gracilis for cases in which comparable data were available in the literature for a site located within the semiarid grassland biome. The short-lived stoloniferous species B. eriopoda produced more seeds per plant than the long-lived bunchgrass B. gracilis, yet seed viability (90%) than that of B. eriopoda, and a greater percentage of seeds produced on a square meter basis was found in the soil (10-25%). Similar patterns were found for both species in all grass-dominated patches. Bouteloua eriopoda plants growing in patches codominated by L. tridentata produced fewer seeds per plant with lower viability, and fewer seeds were found in the soil compared to grass-dominated patches. Regional comparisons found greater seed production per square meter and more seeds in the soil for B. gracilis at the transitional site compared with a cooler, wetter site located within the semiarid grassland biome. These differences in recruitment potential along with published differences in rates of seedling establishment and vegetative spread may explain, at least in part, localized patterns in species dominance. JF - American Journal of Botany AU - Peters, DPC AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Jornada Experimental Range, Box 30003, MSC 3JER, NMSU, Las Cruces, NM 88003-0003, USA Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 1616 EP - 1623 VL - 89 IS - 10 SN - 0002-9122, 0002-9122 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Bouteloua gracilis KW - Larrea tridentata KW - Bouteloua eriopoda KW - Semiarid environments KW - Grasses KW - Recruitment KW - D 04636:Grasses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19229176?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Botany&rft.atitle=Recruitment+potential+of+two+perennial+grasses+with+different+growth+forms+at+a+semiarid-arid+transition+zone&rft.au=Peters%2C+DPC&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=DPC&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1616&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Botany&rft.issn=00029122&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bouteloua gracilis; Bouteloua eriopoda; Larrea tridentata; Recruitment; Grasses; Semiarid environments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immune responses of bison to ballistic or hand vaccination with Brucella abortus strain RB51 AN - 19162906; 5744361 AB - From January through July of 2000, a study was conducted to evaluate clearance, immunologic responses, and potential shedding of Brucella abortus strain RB51 (SRB51) following ballistic or subcutaneous (SQ) vaccination of 7 mo old bison (Bison bison) calves. Ten bison calves were vaccinated SQ with 1.4 x 10 super(10) colony-forming units (CFU) of SRB51 and five calves were inoculated SQ with sterile 0.15 M sodium chloride. An additional 10 bison calves were ballistically inoculated in the rear leg musculature with 1 x 10 super(10) CFU of SRB51 and five calves were ballistically inoculated with an empty Biobullet registered . Serologic responses were monitored at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18, and 24 wk using the standard tube agglutination test and a dot-blot assay. Swabs from rectal, vaginal, nasal, and ocular mucosal surfaces, and blood were obtained for culture from all bison at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks post-inoculation to evaluate potential shedding by vaccinated bison or persistent septicemia. The superficial cervical lymph node was biopsied in eight ballistic and eight hand vaccinated bison at 6 or 12 wk to evaluate clearance of the vaccine strain from lymphatic tissues. Lymphocyte proliferative responses to irradiated SRB51 bacteria were evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) at 4, 6, 8, 12, 18, and 24 wk after inoculation. Serum obtained from hand or ballistically vaccinated bison demonstrated antibody responses on the dot-blot assay that were greater than control bison (saline or empty Biobullet registered ) at 2, 4, 6, and 8 wk after vaccination. Antibody titers of ballistically vaccinated bison did not differ (P>0.05) from hand vaccinated bison at any sampling time. Blood samples obtained from all bison at 2, 4, 6 and 8 wk after vaccination were negative for SRB51. One colony of SRB51 was recovered from the vaginal swab of one ballistically vaccinated bison at 2 wk after vaccination. All other ocular, vaginal, nasal, and rectal swabs were culture negative for SRB51. Strain RB51 was recovered from superficial cervical lymph nodes of hand and ballistic vaccinated bison at 6 (two of four and two of four bison, respectively) and 12 wk (three of four and one of four bison, respectively). Serologic tests and bacterial culture techniques failed to demonstrate infection of nonvaccinated bison. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from hand vaccinated bison had greater (P0.05) at any sampling time from proliferative responses of PBMC from control bison. Serum alpha sub(1)-acid glycoprotein concentrations, plasma fibrinogen, and total protein concentrations were not influenced by treatments. Ballistic delivery of SRB51 did not induce adverse effects or influence clearance of the vaccine strain. There were no proliferative responses of PBMC to SRB51 in bison ballistically vaccinated with SRB51; whereas bison inoculated with SRB51 by hand injection had greater proliferative responses than control or ballistically vaccinated bison. Our study suggests that ballistic delivery may require a greater dose of SRB51 to induce cell-mediated immune responses in bison that are comparable to those induced by hand injection, and that ballistic or hand delivery of 1 x 10 super(10) CFU of SRB51 is safe in bison calves. JF - Journal of Wildlife Diseases AU - Olsen, S C AU - Kreeger, T J AU - Schultz, W AD - Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010, USA, Solsen@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 738 EP - 745 VL - 38 IS - 4 SN - 0090-3558, 0090-3558 KW - ballistic delivery KW - shedding KW - American Bison KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Immune response (cell-mediated) KW - Brucella abortus KW - Bison bison KW - Clearance KW - Vaccination KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19162906?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.atitle=Immune+responses+of+bison+to+ballistic+or+hand+vaccination+with+Brucella+abortus+strain+RB51&rft.au=Olsen%2C+S+C%3BKreeger%2C+T+J%3BSchultz%2C+W&rft.aulast=Olsen&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=738&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.issn=00903558&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bison bison; Brucella abortus; Vaccination; Clearance; Immune response (cell-mediated) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immune responses of elk to vaccination with Brucella abortus strain RB51 AN - 19152171; 5744363 AB - In a study conducted from January to August 2000, elk (Cervus elaphus) were vaccinated with Brucella abortus strain RB51 (SRB51, n = 6) or injected with 0.15 M NaCl solution (n = 3) at approximately 6 mo of age. Beginning at 2 wk and continuing to 25 wk after vaccination, SRB51-vaccinated elk had greater antibody responses (P<0.05) to SRB51 when compared to nonvaccinated elk. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from SRB51-vaccinated elk had greater (P<0.05) proliferative responses to SRB51 at 18 wk after vaccination when compared to responses of nonvaccinated elk. Strain RB51 was recovered from blood samples of all vaccinates at 2 wk, and three of six vaccinates at 4 wk after vaccination. The SRB51 vaccine strain was recovered from the superficial cervical lymph node of all vaccinates sampled at 6 wk after vaccination, but not from lymph node samples obtained from vaccinates at 12 or 18 wk after vaccination. At 34 wk after vaccination, SRB51 was recovered from the bronchial lymph node of one of five vaccinates but not from other tissues. Strain RB51 was not recovered at any time from samples obtained from nonvaccinated elk. This study suggests that following vaccination with SRB51, elk remain bacteremic for a prolonged period of time, rapidly develop high antibody titers, and are slower to develop detectable proliferative responses in PBMC when compared to responses of cattle or bison (Bison bison). JF - Journal of Wildlife Diseases AU - Olsen, S C AU - Kreeger, T J AU - Palmer, M V AD - Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010, USA, Solsen@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 746 EP - 751 VL - 38 IS - 4 SN - 0090-3558, 0090-3558 KW - American Bison KW - Wapiti KW - Rocky Mountain elk KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Antibodies KW - Cervus elaphus nelsoni KW - Bacteremia KW - Brucella abortus KW - Bison bison KW - Peripheral blood KW - Immune response (humoral) KW - Lymph nodes KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19152171?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.atitle=Immune+responses+of+elk+to+vaccination+with+Brucella+abortus+strain+RB51&rft.au=Olsen%2C+S+C%3BKreeger%2C+T+J%3BPalmer%2C+M+V&rft.aulast=Olsen&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=746&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.issn=00903558&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cervus elaphus nelsoni; Bison bison; Brucella abortus; Lymph nodes; Antibodies; Bacteremia; Peripheral blood; Immune response (humoral) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Agrichemical transport to groundwater through Coastal Plain soils AN - 18924015; 5648564 AB - A 1-ha field with Pine Flat loamy sand (coarse-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Paleudult) and Troup loamy sand (loamy, siliceous, thermic Grossarenic Kandiudult) surface soils, located near Plains, Georgia, was studied for four years (1993 to 1996) to evaluate potential agrichemical transport to groundwater. The field was managed to produce summer corn and winter wheat. Commercial fertilizer, the herbicide atrazine, and the insecticide carbofuran were applied to the field in 1993, 1994, and 1995. Average annual application rates were 266 kg nitrogen ha super(-1), 2.5 kg atrazine ha super(-1), and 2.4 kg carbofuran ha super(-1). Monthly soil-water and groundwater samples were collected. The samples were analyzed for nitrate nitrogen (NO sub(3) super(-)-N), chloride, atrazine, carbofuran, and deethylatrazine (DEA). Soil-water and groundwater samples indicated elevated NO sub(3) super(-)-N concentrations (>5 ppm) in the vadose zone at 4.3 m and in the aquifer at 10 m (>4 ppm). Of the studied pesticides, carbofuran and DEA were observed at the greatest concentrations in groundwater. Both NO sub(3) super(-)-N and pesticides were transported during groundwater recharge following periods of excess precipitation. Peak pesticide concentrations in groundwater were observed in late 1994, driven by a large precipitation event in July of 1994 when 565 mm of rain fell over a 4-day period. Atrazine and carbofuran concentrations in groundwater did not exceed the EPA maximum contaminant levels of 3 ppb and 40 ppb, respectively. Spatially averaged concentrations observed in monthly groundwater collected directly below the field were well below these standards. Concentrations of NO sub(3) super(-)-N, atrazine, DEA, and carbofuran observed in groundwater from the on-field wells were significantly different from up-gradient and down-gradient concentrations (p = 0.05). These data indicate a significant impact to the local groundwater. Nitrate N was transported down-gradient from the field at the largest concentrations. Peak concentrations of atrazine and DEA were simultaneously observed in the groundwater, indicating similar transport rates for both compounds and rapid transformation from atrazine into DEA in the root-zone. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Bosch, D D AU - Truman, C C AD - USDA-ARS, Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 946, Tifton, GA 31793, USA, dbosch@tifton.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 1385 EP - 1396 VL - 45 IS - 5 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Aquifers KW - Agricultural Runoff KW - Nitrates KW - Water Pollution Sources KW - Nonpoint Pollution Sources KW - Chlorides KW - USA, Georgia KW - Groundwater Pollution KW - Soil Water KW - Fertilizers KW - Insecticides KW - Pesticides KW - Atrazine KW - Wheat KW - Groundwater Recharge KW - Nitrogen KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18924015?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Agrichemical+transport+to+groundwater+through+Coastal+Plain+soils&rft.au=Bosch%2C+D+D%3BTruman%2C+C+C&rft.aulast=Bosch&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1385&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aquifers; Agricultural Runoff; Nitrates; Water Pollution Sources; Chlorides; Nonpoint Pollution Sources; Groundwater Pollution; Soil Water; Fertilizers; Insecticides; Atrazine; Pesticides; Wheat; Groundwater Recharge; Nitrogen; USA, Georgia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drainage characteristics of a Southern Piedmont soil following six years of conventionally tilled or no-till cropping systems AN - 18920014; 5648567 AB - Site-specific soil water movement research is needed in order to fully understand chemical movement into subsurface water bodies. Water flow paths depend on soil, climate, topography, and management practices. In this study, we evaluated drainage and drainage hydrographs over a 12-month period from a Southern Piedmont Cecil sandy loam following a combined six years of corn/rye and cotton/rye cropping system under no-till or conventionally tilled treatments. No-till exhibited significantly higher mean and peak drainage rates, drainage in the rising and recession limbs of hydrographs as well as total drainage, and total drainage time, compared to conventional tillage treatments (P < 0.05). The recession time constant of the hydrographs, an index of the structural macropore development in the soil above the water table, was significantly less in the no-till than conventional tillage, which indicated that no-till had less tortuous water flow paths. No-till, therefore, enhanced water movement into deeper profiles in a Cecil sandy loam. Additional longer-period data would be useful to further evaluate temporal, environmental, and management factors that affect drainage under no-till. A study of the implications of more drainage in no-till for nutrient and chemical losses in these systems is pending. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Endale, D M AU - Radcliffe, DE AU - Steiner, J L AU - Cabrera, M L AD - USDA/ARS, 1420 Experiment Station Road, Watkinsville, GA 30677, USA, dendale@arches.uga.edu Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - October 2002 SP - 1423 EP - 1432 VL - 45 IS - 5 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Soil Water Movement KW - Subsurface Water KW - Agricultural Runoff KW - Cotton KW - Drainage KW - Flow Discharge KW - Water Table KW - Tillage KW - Corn KW - Agricultural Practices KW - Macropores KW - Hydrographs KW - Cultivated Lands KW - Topography KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18920014?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Drainage+characteristics+of+a+Southern+Piedmont+soil+following+six+years+of+conventionally+tilled+or+no-till+cropping+systems&rft.au=Endale%2C+D+M%3BRadcliffe%2C+DE%3BSteiner%2C+J+L%3BCabrera%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Endale&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1423&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Subsurface Water; Soil Water Movement; Agricultural Runoff; Cotton; Drainage; Flow Discharge; Water Table; Tillage; Agricultural Practices; Corn; Hydrographs; Macropores; Cultivated Lands; Topography ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A strip model approach to parameterize a coupled green-ampt kinematic wave model AN - 18909082; 5526544 AB - Infiltration processes at the plot scale are often described and modeled using a single effective hydraulic conductivity (K sub(e)) value. This can lead to errors in runoff and erosion prediction. An integrated field measurement and modeling study was conducted to evaluate: (1) the relationship among rainfall intensity, spatially variable soil and vegetation characteristics, and infiltration processes; and (2) how this relationship could be modeled using Green and Ampt and a spatially distributed hydrologic model. Experiments were conducted using a newly developed variable intensity rainfall simulator on 2 m by 6 m plots in a rangeland watershed in southeastern Arizona. Rainfall application rates varied between 50 and 200 mm/hr. Results of the rainfall simulator experiments showed that the observed hydrologic response changed with changes in rainfall intensity and that the response varied with antecedent moisture condition. A distributed process based hydrologic simulation model was used to model the plots at different levels of hydrologic complexity. The measurement and simulation model results show that the rainfall runoff relationship cannot be accurately described or modeled using a single K sub(e) value at the plot scale. Multi-plane model configurations with infiltration parameters based on soil and plot characteristics resulted in a significant improvement over single-plane configurations. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Paige, G B AU - Stone, J J AU - Guertin, D P AU - Lane, L J AD - USDA-ARS, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719, USA, gpaige@tucson.ars.ag.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 1363 EP - 1377 VL - 38 IS - 5 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - USA, Arizona KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Freshwater KW - SW 0810:General KW - Q5 01521:Mechanical and natural changes KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18909082?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=A+strip+model+approach+to+parameterize+a+coupled+green-ampt+kinematic+wave+model&rft.au=Paige%2C+G+B%3BStone%2C+J+J%3BGuertin%2C+D+P%3BLane%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Paige&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1363&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of competition and adverse culture conditions on aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus through successive generations AN - 18823726; 5705818 AB - Strains of Aspergillus flavus often degenerate with serial transfers on culture media, resulting in morphological changes and loss of aflatoxin production. However, degeneration does not readily occur in nature as indicated by the wild-type morphological characters of newly isolated strains and the high percentage of aflatoxigenic A. flavus from soil and crops in some geographic regions. In this study, three aflatoxin-producing strains of A. flavus were serially transferred using conidia for 20 generations (three independent generation lines per strain) on potato dextrose agar at 30 C. The rate of degeneration was compared to that of cultures grown in the presence of competing fungi (A. terreus, Penicillium funiculosum, and the yeast, Pichia guilliermondii) and under adverse conditions of elevated temperature, reduced water activity, low pH, and nutrient deprivation. Formation of morphological variants and the associated loss of aflatoxin production over generations varied considerably according to strain and the generation line within each strain. In the strain most sensitive to degeneration on potato dextrose agar, aflatoxin-producing ability was maintained to varying degrees under adverse culture conditions, but not when A. flavus was competing with other fungi. JF - Mycologia AU - Horn, B W AU - Dorner, J W AD - National Peanut Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Dawson, Georgia 31742, USA, bhorn@nprl.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 741 EP - 751 VL - 94 IS - 5 SN - 0027-5514, 0027-5514 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - K 03040:Fungi KW - A 01023:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18823726?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycologia&rft.atitle=Effect+of+competition+and+adverse+culture+conditions+on+aflatoxin+production+by+Aspergillus+flavus+through+successive+generations&rft.au=Horn%2C+B+W%3BDorner%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Horn&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=741&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycologia&rft.issn=00275514&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Accidental Ammonia Exposure to County Fair Show Livestock Due to Contaminated Drinking Water AN - 18690922; 5574271 AB - Nitrogen based fertilizers represent an important element in the farm economy, but their storage and use are associated with major risks to livestock and humans. An accidental ammonia exposure occurred at a Midwest county fair in Illinois. Six deaths occurred in show livestock; a Holstein cow, 3 Holstein heifers, a goat, and a lamb. Mortality was associated with consumption of water inadvertently contaminated with a liquid fertilizer containing ammonium nitrate and urea commonly used for irrigating agricultural crop fields and brought onto the fairgrounds by a tanker truck previously used to transport liquid fertilizer. The show animals that drank the contaminated water immediately became ill, developed seizures and died within a few hours. Postmortem findings were unremarkable to nonspecific. Rumen contents from the lamb, Holstein cow, and Holstein heifer had ammonia-nitrogen concentrations of 1,000, 1,150 and 1,440 ppm, respectively. Water from the heifer's water bucket, the cow's water bucket, and the tanker truck, had nitrate levels of 6,336, 6,116, and 6,248 ppm, respectively. The ammonia toxicosis was attributed to the contaminated water brought onto the fairgrounds by the tanker truck that previously transported liquid ammonium nitrate and urea. This accident underscores the importance of meticulous observation of safety guidelines and measured working practices in agriculture and animal husbandry. JF - Veterinary and Human Toxicology AU - Campagnolo, E R AU - Kasten, S AU - Banerjee, M AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, 2815 Old Jacksonville Road, Suite 104, Springfield, IL 62704, USA Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 282 EP - 288 VL - 44 IS - 5 SN - 0145-6296, 0145-6296 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18690922?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+and+Human+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Accidental+Ammonia+Exposure+to+County+Fair+Show+Livestock+Due+to+Contaminated+Drinking+Water&rft.au=Campagnolo%2C+E+R%3BKasten%2C+S%3BBanerjee%2C+M&rft.aulast=Campagnolo&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=282&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+and+Human+Toxicology&rft.issn=01456296&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Control of in vitro contamination of explants from greenhouse- and field-grown trees AN - 18686986; 5574989 AB - Controlling fungal and bacterial contamination of woody plant material can be extremely difficult. Isothiazolone biocides and sodium dichloroisocyanurate have been used singly and in combination to reduce microbial contamination in bud explants derived from greenhouse- and field-grown citrus trees. Explants from greenhouse-grown trees were effectively disinfested (< 5% vs. 85% contamination) using a 'standard' disinfestation (SD) procedure followed by culture on medium containing 5 ml l super(-1) Plant Preservative Mixture, or by the SD procedure but substituting 300 ppm sodium dichloroisocyanurate for 48 h for the treatment with 1.05% NaOCl in the SD procedure. Disinfestation of explants from field-grown trees was less effective than explants from the greenhouse, but was improved (10% vs. 47% contamination) by using a combination of the SD procedure with 1.05% NaOCl, or 100 or 300 ppm sodium dichloroisocyanurate followed by culture onto medium containing 5 ml l super(-1) Plant Preservative Mixture. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant AU - Niedz, R P AU - Bausher, M G AD - US Department of Agriculture, ARS, USHRL, 2001 South Rock Road, Ft. Pierce, FL 34945-3030, USA, rniedz@ushrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 468 EP - 471 VL - 38 IS - 5 SN - 1054-5476, 1054-5476 KW - isothiazolone KW - sodium dichloroisocyanurate KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W2 32440:Plant breeding KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18686986?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.atitle=Control+of+in+vitro+contamination+of+explants+from+greenhouse-+and+field-grown+trees&rft.au=Niedz%2C+R+P%3BBausher%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Niedz&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=468&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.issn=10545476&rft_id=info:doi/10.1079%2FIVP2002316 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/IVP2002316 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Persistence and functional impact of a microbial inoculant on native microbial community structure, nutrient digestion and fermentation characteristics in a rumen model AN - 18676344; 5568888 AB - Small sub-unit (SSU) rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes were used to monitor the persistence of a genetically engineered bacterium inoculated in model rumens. Eight dual flow continuous culture fermenters were operated with either standard artificial saliva buffer or buffer with chondroitin sulfate (0.5 g/l) added. After 168 h of operation, fermenters were inoculated with Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron BTX (BTX), at approximately 1% of total bacteria. B. thetaiotaomicron was quantified using a species-specific probe and shown to persist in fermenters 144 h after inoculation (relative abundance 0.48% and 1.42% of total SSU rRNA with standard and chondroitin sulfate buffers, respectively). No B. thetaiotaomicron SSU rRNA was detected in fermenter samples prior to inoculation with strain BTX. Relative abundances of Bacteria, Eucarya and Archaea were not affected by either inoculation or buffer type. Fiber digestion, in particular the hemicellulose fraction, increased after strain BTX addition. Chondroitin sulfate addition to the buffer increased bacterial nitrogen flow in fermenters, but did not alter fiber digestion. Neither inoculum nor buffer type altered total short chain fatty acid (VFA) concentrations but proportions of individual VFA differed. In model rumens, B. thetaiotaomicron BTX increased fiber digestion when added to mixed ruminal microbes, independent of chondroitin sulfate addition; but further study is needed to determine effects on other fiber-digesting bacteria. JF - Systematic and Applied Microbiology AU - Ziemer, C J AU - Sharp, R AU - Stern, MD AU - Cotta, MA AU - Whitehead, T R AU - Stahl, DA AD - Fermentation Biochemistry Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, ARS, USDA, Peoria, Illinois, USA, cottama@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 416 EP - 422 VL - 25 IS - 3 SN - 0723-2020, 0723-2020 KW - Chondroitin sulfate KW - rRNA KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18676344?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Systematic+and+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Persistence+and+functional+impact+of+a+microbial+inoculant+on+native+microbial+community+structure%2C+nutrient+digestion+and+fermentation+characteristics+in+a+rumen+model&rft.au=Ziemer%2C+C+J%3BSharp%2C+R%3BStern%2C+MD%3BCotta%2C+MA%3BWhitehead%2C+T+R%3BStahl%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Ziemer&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=416&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Systematic+and+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=07232020&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Distribution and Spread of Sorghum Downy Mildew in Sorghum and Maize Fields in Nigeria and Zimbabwe AN - 18631121; 5536244 AB - Sorghum downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sorghi, SDM) is a damaging disease of sorghum and maize crops in Africa. Runs analysis was used to study the distribution of systemically infected sorghum and maize plants in Nigeria and Zimbabwe. The temporal and spatial development of local lesions of SDM on sorghum in Zimbabwe was investigated by assessing the local lesion symptoms caused by conidia in plots with a single point source of inoculum. With ordinary runs analysis, there was evidence of clustering of disease in some fields in the humid areas of Nigeria and the semi-arid areas of Nigeria and Zimbabwe. Clustering was found in two of the eight runs analyses performed on maize in the humid south of Nigeria, and in only one of the eight runs in Zimbabwe, which was interpreted as a predominance of random infection at the time of assessment and at the spatial scales assessed. Symptoms of local lesions of SDM developed rapidly across plots from an introduced point source of infection. After 9 days-exposure to the source of inoculum, the incidence of diseased leaves was 1.2%, and after 50 days it was 74.5%. A disease gradient which initially developed flattened as the plot became uniformly diseased. The predominant wind direction was NNE, and most rapid spread of disease was towards the SSW and WSW. In conclusion, local lesions can spread rapidly in sorghum crops, suggesting that they may be an important source of conidial inoculum for further local and systemic infections during the growing season. JF - European Journal of Plant Pathology AU - Bock, C AU - Jeger, M AD - Natural Resources Institute, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK (Current address: Department of Plant Pathology, USDA-ARS-USHRL, 2001 South Rock Rd., Fort Pier