TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of a fusarium 2-gene cluster involved in trichothecene C-8 modification. AN - 71520528; 14690377 AB - The Fusarium trichothecenes T-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol (DON) are potent inhibitors of eukaryotic protein synthesis and are a significant agricultural problem. Three coregulated loci are required for T-2 toxin synthesis by Fusarium sporotrichioides. The core-trichothecene gene cluster consists of 12 genes (Tri3-Tri14) while the second locus consists of a single gene (Tri101). The third locus was recently partially described and encodes 1-2 biosynthetic enzymes and a putative regulatory gene. Here, we describe a detailed characterization of this locus. Located adjacent to Tri1 is Tri16, which is required for esterification of the C-8 hydroxyl. A putative regulatory gene, also adjacent to Tri1, is not required for T-2 toxin synthesis. The genomic sequence of Fusarium graminearum (a DON producer) contains a putative functional Tri1 and a nonfunctional Tri16. The presence of the Tri16 pseudogene is consistent with the chemical structure of DON, which has a C-8 keto group rather than the C-8 ester of T-2 toxin. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Brown, Daren W AU - Proctor, Robert H AU - Dyer, Rex B AU - Plattner, Ronald D AD - USDA/ARS, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA. browndw@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 SP - 7936 EP - 7944 VL - 51 IS - 27 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Trichothecenes KW - 0 KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Acyltransferases KW - EC 2.3.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid KW - Esterification KW - Acyltransferases -- genetics KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- genetics KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Expressed Sequence Tags KW - Gene Deletion KW - Fusarium -- enzymology KW - Trichothecenes -- metabolism KW - Fusarium -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71520528?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+a+fusarium+2-gene+cluster+involved+in+trichothecene+C-8+modification.&rft.au=Brown%2C+Daren+W%3BProctor%2C+Robert+H%3BDyer%2C+Rex+B%3BPlattner%2C+Ronald+D&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Daren&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=27&rft.spage=7936&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-05 N1 - Date created - 2003-12-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - JF030607; GENBANK N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Antimicrobial resistance in commensal and pathogenic bacteria from swine and their implications for the swine industry AN - 39856924; 3811287 AU - Gray, J T AU - Fedorka-Cray, P J Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39856924?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Antimicrobial+resistance+in+commensal+and+pathogenic+bacteria+from+swine+and+their+implications+for+the+swine+industry&rft.au=Gray%2C+J+T%3BFedorka-Cray%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Paper No. 116 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Using the internet for exchange of dairy genetic evaluations and research information for the dairy industry AN - 39848496; 3811857 AU - Sanders, AH AU - Ross, F A AU - Norman, H D Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39848496?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Using+the+internet+for+exchange+of+dairy+genetic+evaluations+and+research+information+for+the+dairy+industry&rft.au=Sanders%2C+AH%3BRoss%2C+F+A%3BNorman%2C+H+D&rft.aulast=Sanders&rft.aufirst=AH&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Paper No. 642 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Mifepristone treatment on d 2 of pregnancy decreases uterine capacity in swine AN - 39848124; 3811773 AU - Vallet, J L AU - Christenson, R K Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39848124?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Mifepristone+treatment+on+d+2+of+pregnancy+decreases+uterine+capacity+in+swine&rft.au=Vallet%2C+J+L%3BChristenson%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Vallet&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Paper No. 562 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Influence of selected host plants on oviposition, longevity and establishment of O. sulcatus and O. ovatus AN - 39844195; 3806997 AU - Fisher, J Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39844195?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Influence+of+selected+host+plants+on+oviposition%2C+longevity+and+establishment+of+O.+sulcatus+and+O.+ovatus&rft.au=Fisher%2C+J&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Applied Plant Research, Nursery Stock Research Unit, P.O. Box 118, 2770 AC Boskoop, The Netherlands; phone: +31 172 236700; fax: +31 172 236710; email: weevil@wur.nl N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Strategies to optimize beef tenderness AN - 39841354; 3813141 AU - Koohmaraie, M Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39841354?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Strategies+to+optimize+beef+tenderness&rft.au=Koohmaraie%2C+M&rft.aulast=Koohmaraie&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Canadian Society of Animal Science, email: info@csas.net; URL: www.csas.net N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Forest road reengineering to restore riparian meadow conditions in the Zuni Mountains of New Mexico AN - 39837489; 3803927 AU - Jemison, R Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39837489?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Forest+road+reengineering+to+restore+riparian+meadow+conditions+in+the+Zuni+Mountains+of+New+Mexico&rft.au=Jemison%2C+R&rft.aulast=Jemison&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Center for Transportation and the Environment, NCSU Centennial Campus, Box 8601, Raleigh, NC 27695-8601, USA; phone: 919-515-8899; fax: 919-515-8898; URL: www.itre.ncsu.edu/cte/ICOET/. Paper No. #9 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Proteolysis and rheology of soft goat milk cheese after frozen storage AN - 39836876; 3812672 AU - Van Hekken, DL AU - Tunick, M H AU - Olson, D W AU - Park, Y W Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39836876?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Proteolysis+and+rheology+of+soft+goat+milk+cheese+after+frozen+storage&rft.au=Van+Hekken%2C+DL%3BTunick%2C+M+H%3BOlson%2C+D+W%3BPark%2C+Y+W&rft.aulast=Van+Hekken&rft.aufirst=DL&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Poster Paper No. W289 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Feeding brown midrib-3 corn silage or conventional corn silage cut at either 20 or 66 cm of height to early lactation cows AN - 39835238; 3812133 AU - Dominguez, D D AU - Satter, L D Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39835238?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Feeding+brown+midrib-3+corn+silage+or+conventional+corn+silage+cut+at+either+20+or+66+cm+of+height+to+early+lactation+cows&rft.au=Dominguez%2C+D+D%3BSatter%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Dominguez&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Poster Paper No. M219 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Linted and delinted cottonseed as feeds for lactating dairy cows AN - 39828006; 3811428 AU - Moreira, V R AU - Satter, L D AU - Harding, B Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39828006?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Linted+and+delinted+cottonseed+as+feeds+for+lactating+dairy+cows&rft.au=Moreira%2C+V+R%3BSatter%2C+L+D%3BHarding%2C+B&rft.aulast=Moreira&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Paper No. 252 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Molecular characterization and endometrial expression of porcine Smad1 AN - 39792337; 3812176 AU - Kim, J G AU - Vallet, J L AU - Nonneman, D AU - Rohrer, G A AU - Christenson, R K Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39792337?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Molecular+characterization+and+endometrial+expression+of+porcine+Smad1&rft.au=Kim%2C+J+G%3BVallet%2C+J+L%3BNonneman%2C+D%3BRohrer%2C+G+A%3BChristenson%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Poster Paper No. T27 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Prevalence of subclinical hypocalcemia in U.S. dairy operations AN - 39789821; 3812195 AU - Horst, R L AU - Goff, J P AU - McCluskey, B J Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39789821?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+subclinical+hypocalcemia+in+U.S.+dairy+operations&rft.au=Horst%2C+R+L%3BGoff%2C+J+P%3BMcCluskey%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Horst&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Poster Paper No. T46 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Odds ratios for failure to calve and wean for senepol- and tuli-angus cows compared to brahman-angus cows AN - 39789160; 3812222 AU - Riley, D G AU - Barling, K S AU - Chase, CC Jr AU - Olson, T A AU - Hammond, A C AU - Coleman, S W Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39789160?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Pollution&rft.atitle=Polyacrylamide%2BAl+sub%282%29%28SO+sub%284%29%29+sub%283%29+and+polyacrylamide%2BCaO+remove+coliform+bacteria+and+nutrients+from+swine+wastewater&rft.au=Entry%2C+JA%3BPhillips%2C+I%3BStratton%2C+H%3BSojka%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Entry&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=121&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=453&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Pollution&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0269-7491%2802%2900225-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Poster Paper No. T73 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Destruction of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, Salmonella sp., and Mycoplasma sp. in raw milk by a commercial on-farm high-temperature, short-time pasteurizer AN - 39788997; 3812193 AU - Stabel, J R AU - Hurd, S AU - Calvente, L AU - Rosenbusch, R F Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39788997?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Destruction+of+Mycobacterium+paratuberculosis%2C+Salmonella+sp.%2C+and+Mycoplasma+sp.+in+raw+milk+by+a+commercial+on-farm+high-temperature%2C+short-time+pasteurizer&rft.au=Stabel%2C+J+R%3BHurd%2C+S%3BCalvente%2C+L%3BRosenbusch%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Stabel&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Poster Paper No. T44 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Standardization of lactation records for variance of Mendelian sampling to reduce bias in evaluations of bull dams AN - 39782037; 3811330 AU - Wiggans, G R AU - VanRaden, P M AU - Edwards, J L Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39782037?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Aerosolized+Dust+in+Goats+on+Lung+Clearance+of+Pasteurella+and+Mannheimia+Species&rft.au=Purdy%2C+C+W%3BStraus%2C+D+C%3BChirase%2C+N%3BAyers%2C+J+R%3BHoover%2C+MD&rft.aulast=Purdy&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=174&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00284-002-3821-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Paper No. 154 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - In vitro modulation by beta-glucan and ascorbic acid of blood leukocyte toll-like receptor and acute phase cytokine expression AN - 39781608; 3811223 AU - Eicher, S D AU - Johnson, T R AU - McMunn, KA Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39781608?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=In+vitro+modulation+by+beta-glucan+and+ascorbic+acid+of+blood+leukocyte+toll-like+receptor+and+acute+phase+cytokine+expression&rft.au=Eicher%2C+S+D%3BJohnson%2C+T+R%3BMcMunn%2C+KA&rft.aulast=Eicher&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Paper No. 59 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of stage of lactation and aging on functional properties of colby and cheddar cheeses manufactured from goats' milk AN - 39775442; 3812670 AU - Olson, D W AU - Van Hekken, DL AU - Tunick, M H AU - Soryal, KA AU - Zeng, S S Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39775442?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effects+of+stage+of+lactation+and+aging+on+functional+properties+of+colby+and+cheddar+cheeses+manufactured+from+goats%27+milk&rft.au=Olson%2C+D+W%3BVan+Hekken%2C+DL%3BTunick%2C+M+H%3BSoryal%2C+KA%3BZeng%2C+S+S&rft.aulast=Olson&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Poster Paper No. W287 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of previous exposure of sheep to monoterpene odors on intake of alfalfa pellets treated with camphor or a-pinene AN - 39775111; 3812617 AU - Estell, R E AU - Fredrickson, EL AU - Anderson, D M AU - Havstad, K M AU - Remmenga, MD Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39775111?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+previous+exposure+of+sheep+to+monoterpene+odors+on+intake+of+alfalfa+pellets+treated+with+camphor+or+a-pinene&rft.au=Estell%2C+R+E%3BFredrickson%2C+EL%3BAnderson%2C+D+M%3BHavstad%2C+K+M%3BRemmenga%2C+MD&rft.aulast=Estell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Poster Paper No. W234 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of calving date and weaning age on cow and calf production in the northern great plains AN - 39774761; 3811880 AU - Grings, EE AU - Short, R E AU - Heitschmidt, R K Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39774761?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effects+of+calving+date+and+weaning+age+on+cow+and+calf+production+in+the+northern+great+plains&rft.au=Grings%2C+EE%3BShort%2C+R+E%3BHeitschmidt%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Grings&rft.aufirst=EE&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Paper No. 662 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Bactericidal effect of 2-nitropropanol against selected foodborne pathogens in vitro AN - 39774030; 3811736 AU - Jung, Y S AU - Anderson, R C AU - Callaway, T R AU - Edrington, T S AU - Genovese, K J AU - Harvey, R B AU - Poole, T L AU - Nisbet, D J Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39774030?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Bactericidal+effect+of+2-nitropropanol+against+selected+foodborne+pathogens+in+vitro&rft.au=Jung%2C+Y+S%3BAnderson%2C+R+C%3BCallaway%2C+T+R%3BEdrington%2C+T+S%3BGenovese%2C+K+J%3BHarvey%2C+R+B%3BPoole%2C+T+L%3BNisbet%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Jung&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Paper No. 527 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Management to reduce nitrogen losses in animal production AN - 39773836; 3811711 AU - Rotz, Alan, C Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39773836?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=NASS%27s+ortho-rectified+cropland+data+layer&rft.au=Mueller%2C+R&rft.aulast=Mueller&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-02-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Paper No. 504 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Protecting and restoring riparian area structure and function along forest highways and low volume roads AN - 39773337; 3803926 AU - Doyle, JE Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39773337?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Protecting+and+restoring+riparian+area+structure+and+function+along+forest+highways+and+low+volume+roads&rft.au=Doyle%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Doyle&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Center for Transportation and the Environment, NCSU Centennial Campus, Box 8601, Raleigh, NC 27695-8601, USA; phone: 919-515-8899; fax: 919-515-8898; URL: www.itre.ncsu.edu/cte/ICOET/. Paper No. #4 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Orexin-B modulates LH and GH secretion: Interaction with the brain-pituitary axis in the pig AN - 39772991; 3811595 AU - Barb, C R AU - Barrett, J B AU - Kraeling, R R AU - Matteri, R L Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39772991?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Orexin-B+modulates+LH+and+GH+secretion%3A+Interaction+with+the+brain-pituitary+axis+in+the+pig&rft.au=Barb%2C+C+R%3BBarrett%2C+J+B%3BKraeling%2C+R+R%3BMatteri%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Barb&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Paper No. 400 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Rabbit preference, intake and digestibility of afternoon- or morning-cut alfalfa hay fed ad libitum as pellets AN - 39772422; 3812616 AU - Mayland, H F AU - Burns, J C AU - Mackey, B E Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39772422?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Rabbit+preference%2C+intake+and+digestibility+of+afternoon-+or+morning-cut+alfalfa+hay+fed+ad+libitum+as+pellets&rft.au=Mayland%2C+H+F%3BBurns%2C+J+C%3BMackey%2C+B+E&rft.aulast=Mayland&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Poster Paper No. W233 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Water quality and the grazing animal AN - 39772122; 3811714 AU - Hubbard, R K AU - Newton, G L AU - Hill, G M Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39772122?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Impact+of+invasive+species+and+their+biological+control&rft.au=Buxton%2C+D&rft.aulast=Buxton&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-02-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Paper No. 507 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Housing the sow without crates - Challenges and solutions AN - 39771753; 3811694 AU - Marchant-Forde, J N Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39771753?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Housing+the+sow+without+crates+-+Challenges+and+solutions&rft.au=Marchant-Forde%2C+J+N&rft.aulast=Marchant-Forde&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Paper No. 619 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Serotype prevalence and anti-microbial resistance of Salmonella isolated from dairy cattle in the Southwestern United States AN - 39771590; 3811659 AU - Edrington, T S AU - Bischoff, K M AU - Looper, M L AU - Callaway, T R AU - Genovese, K J AU - Jung, Y S AU - Anderson, R C AU - Nisbet, D J Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39771590?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Assessing+nitrogen+contamination+potential+via+remote+sensing&rft.au=Beard%2C+L&rft.aulast=Beard&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-02-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Paper No. 458 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of dietary sodium bicarbonate on abnormal behavior and heart rate in sows AN - 39771551; 3811839 AU - Marchant-Forde, J N AU - Pajor, E A Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39771551?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effects+of+dietary+sodium+bicarbonate+on+abnormal+behavior+and+heart+rate+in+sows&rft.au=Marchant-Forde%2C+J+N%3BPajor%2C+E+A&rft.aulast=Marchant-Forde&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Paper No. 624 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of forage diversity on intake and productivity of grazing lactating dairy cows AN - 39770954; 3811566 AU - Soder, K J AU - Sanderson, MA AU - Muller, L D AU - Stack, J L Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39770954?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+forage+diversity+on+intake+and+productivity+of+grazing+lactating+dairy+cows&rft.au=Soder%2C+K+J%3BSanderson%2C+MA%3BMuller%2C+L+D%3BStack%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Soder&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Paper No. 371 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Improving pork tenderness using hydrodynamic pressure AN - 39769692; 3812460 AU - Solomon, M B AU - Pursel, V Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39769692?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Development+of+whitefly+resistant+watermelon&rft.au=Simmons%2C+A+M%3BLevi%2C+A&rft.aulast=Simmons&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-02-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Poster Paper No. W76 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Potting media, incorporation technique and crab meal amendment affects the persistence and population dynamics of Metarhizium anisopliae AN - 39769219; 3807018 AU - Bruck, D J Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39769219?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Struggling+out+of+the+bottleneck%3A+Recovery+of+the+Puerto+Rican+Parrot+from+1973+to+2000&rft.au=Wunderle%2C+J+M%3BSnyder%2C+NFR%3BBeissinger%3BMeyers%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Wunderle&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-02-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Applied Plant Research, Nursery Stock Research Unit, P.O. Box 118, 2770 AC Boskoop, The Netherlands; phone: +31 172 236700; fax: +31 172 236710; email: weevil@wur.nl N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Repellency and toxicity of natural products towards the Diaprepes root weevil AN - 39769160; 3807013 AU - Lapointe, S Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39769160?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Repellency+and+toxicity+of+natural+products+towards+the+Diaprepes+root+weevil&rft.au=Lapointe%2C+S&rft.aulast=Lapointe&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Applied Plant Research, Nursery Stock Research Unit, P.O. Box 118, 2770 AC Boskoop, The Netherlands; phone: +31 172 236700; fax: +31 172 236710; email: weevil@wur.nl N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Characterization of differentially expressed genes in unsporulated and sporulated oocysts of Eimeria tenella AN - 39768302; 3809448 AU - Miska, K B AU - Barfield, R C AU - Fetterer, R H Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39768302?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Abundance+and+diversity+of+birds+over+an+elevational+gradient+in+the+Sierra+Nevada&rft.au=Purcell%2C+K+L%3BDrynan%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Purcell&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-02-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: WAAVP 2003, 1108 First NBC Building, 210 Baronne Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; phone: 504-561-1191; fax: 504-561-5894; URL: www.ccc-nola.com/waavp2003/ N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of dietary calcium concentration on solubility of phosphorus in feces AN - 39766880; 3811431 AU - Aguerre, MJ AU - Satter, L D Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39766880?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+dietary+calcium+concentration+on+solubility+of+phosphorus+in+feces&rft.au=Aguerre%2C+MJ%3BSatter%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Aguerre&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Paper No. 255 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Antiparasitic drugs and myiasis AN - 39765778; 3809424 AU - Scholl, P J Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39765778?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Antiparasitic+drugs+and+myiasis&rft.au=Scholl%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Scholl&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: WAAVP 2003, 1108 First NBC Building, 210 Baronne Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; phone: 504-561-1191; fax: 504-561-5894; URL: www.ccc-nola.com/waavp2003/ N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Detection of Cryptosporidium parvum in polluted stream water AN - 39765125; 3809249 AU - Higgins, JA AU - Belt, K AU - Hohn, C AU - Shelton, D Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39765125?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Hermit+thrushes+disperse+pondberry%2C+an+endangered+plant+species&rft.au=Hamel%2C+P+B%3BSmith%2C+CG+III%3BDevall%2C+RMS%3BSchiff%2C+N+M&rft.aulast=Hamel&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-02-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: WAAVP 2003, 1108 First NBC Building, 210 Baronne Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; phone: 504-561-1191; fax: 504-561-5894; URL: www.ccc-nola.com/waavp2003/ N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Reproductive responses and carcass characteristics of ram lambs fed endophyte-infected tall fescue AN - 39764835; 3811558 AU - Burke, J M AU - Rosenkrans, C F AU - Rorie, R W AU - Golden, C AU - Apple, J K Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39764835?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Reproductive+responses+and+carcass+characteristics+of+ram+lambs+fed+endophyte-infected+tall+fescue&rft.au=Burke%2C+J+M%3BRosenkrans%2C+C+F%3BRorie%2C+R+W%3BGolden%2C+C%3BApple%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Burke&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Paper No. 363 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Muscle protein tyrosine nitration patterns during chronic subclinical intramuscular parasitism: Co-localization to fiber type and ubiquitin AN - 39764633; 3811529 AU - Elsasser, TH AU - Kahl, S AU - Sartin, J L AU - Fayer, R AU - Martinez, A AU - Cuttitta, F AU - Hinson, J Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39764633?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Muscle+protein+tyrosine+nitration+patterns+during+chronic+subclinical+intramuscular+parasitism%3A+Co-localization+to+fiber+type+and+ubiquitin&rft.au=Levi%2C+A%3BThies%2C+J%3BSimmons%2C+A%3BThomas%2C+CE%3BWehner%2C+T%3BJoubeur%2C+T%3BZhang%2C+X%3BReddy%2C+OUK%3BDavis%2C+A%3BHopkins%2C+M&rft.aulast=Levi&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-02-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Paper No. 334 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Antimicrobial use in food animals and the search for potential alternatives AN - 39764591; 3811286 AU - Bischoff, K M AU - Callaway, T R AU - Edrington, T S AU - Crippen, T L AU - Nisbet, D J Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39764591?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Antimicrobial+use+in+food+animals+and+the+search+for+potential+alternatives&rft.au=Bischoff%2C+K+M%3BCallaway%2C+T+R%3BEdrington%2C+T+S%3BCrippen%2C+T+L%3BNisbet%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Bischoff&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Paper No. 115 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Experimental infection of diary calves with Borrelia burgdorferi by exposure to field collected Ixodid ticks AN - 39764145; 3809227 AU - Cyr, T L Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39764145?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Covariation+between+prey+abundance+and+Northern+Goshawk+fecundity+on+the+Kaibab+Plateau%2C+Arizona&rft.au=Salafsky&rft.aulast=Salafsky&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-02-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: WAAVP 2003, 1108 First NBC Building, 210 Baronne Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; phone: 504-561-1191; fax: 504-561-5894; URL: www.ccc-nola.com/waavp2003/ N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Functional and rheological attributes of hispanic-style cheeses AN - 39763749; 3811508 AU - Van Hekken, DL AU - Tunick, M H AU - Olson, D W AU - Molina-Corral, F J AU - Gardea, A A AU - Tomasula, P M Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39763749?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Functional+and+rheological+attributes+of+hispanic-style+cheeses&rft.au=Van+Hekken%2C+DL%3BTunick%2C+M+H%3BOlson%2C+D+W%3BMolina-Corral%2C+F+J%3BGardea%2C+A+A%3BTomasula%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Van+Hekken&rft.aufirst=DL&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Paper No. 323 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evaluation of Dorset, Finnsheep, Romanov, Texel, and Montadale breeds of sheep: Productivity of F sub(1) ewes in fall breeding seasons AN - 39763562; 3811448 AU - Casas, E AU - Freking, BA AU - Leymaster, KA Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39763562?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+Dorset%2C+Finnsheep%2C+Romanov%2C+Texel%2C+and+Montadale+breeds+of+sheep%3A+Productivity+of+F+sub%281%29+ewes+in+fall+breeding+seasons&rft.au=Casas%2C+E%3BFreking%2C+BA%3BLeymaster%2C+KA&rft.aulast=Casas&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Paper No. 266 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Genetic relationships between ewe mature size and measures of lamb feed efficiency and postweaning growth in Targhee sheep AN - 39763503; 3812218 AU - Woodward, B W AU - Snowder, G D Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39763503?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Genetic+relationships+between+ewe+mature+size+and+measures+of+lamb+feed+efficiency+and+postweaning+growth+in+Targhee+sheep&rft.au=Woodward%2C+B+W%3BSnowder%2C+G+D&rft.aulast=Woodward&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Poster Paper No. T69 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Sow - A biological perspective AN - 39758602; 3811293 AU - Marchant-Forde, J N Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39758602?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Quantitative+model+of+melon+%28Cucumis+melo+var.+cantalupensis%29+plant+development&rft.au=Russo%2C+V+M%3BBruton%2C+B+D%3BPopham%2C+T+W&rft.aulast=Russo&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2003-02-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evaluation of post-thaw boar semen characteristics of two genotypes using three extenders AN - 39758000; 3812172 AU - Blackburn, H D Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39758000?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+post-thaw+boar+semen+characteristics+of+two+genotypes+using+three+extenders&rft.au=Blackburn%2C+H+D&rft.aulast=Blackburn&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Poster Paper No. T23 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Engineering and environmental workgroups partnering to achieve coastal restoration in coastal Louisiana AN - 39757922; 3803624 AU - Jurgensen, J D Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39757922?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Engineering+and+environmental+workgroups+partnering+to+achieve+coastal+restoration+in+coastal+Louisiana&rft.au=Jurgensen%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Jurgensen&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Washington, DC, USA; email: Gale.Peek@noaa.gov; URL: www.csc.noaa.gov N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Use of early lactation days open records for genetic evaluation of cow fertility AN - 39754764; 3811731 AU - Kuhn, M T AU - VanRaden, P M Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39754764?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Use+of+early+lactation+days+open+records+for+genetic+evaluation+of+cow+fertility&rft.au=Kuhn%2C+M+T%3BVanRaden%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Kuhn&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Paper No. 522 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Quality of data included in genetic evaluations for daughter pregnancy rate AN - 39754717; 3811730 AU - VanRaden, P M AU - Tooker, ME AU - Sanders, AH AU - Wiggans, G R Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39754717?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Quality+of+data+included+in+genetic+evaluations+for+daughter+pregnancy+rate&rft.au=VanRaden%2C+P+M%3BTooker%2C+ME%3BSanders%2C+AH%3BWiggans%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=VanRaden&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Paper No. 521 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Influence of sire breed on residual feed intake as an indicator of efficiency in steers AN - 39754430; 3811622 AU - Ferrell, CL AU - Jenkins, T G AU - Freetly, H C Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39754430?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Influence+of+sire+breed+on+residual+feed+intake+as+an+indicator+of+efficiency+in+steers&rft.au=Ferrell%2C+CL%3BJenkins%2C+T+G%3BFreetly%2C+H+C&rft.aulast=Ferrell&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Paper No. 427 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Protein transfer during mating in the Diaprepes root weevil, Diaprepes abbreviatus AN - 39753271; 3807009 AU - Sirot, L K AU - Lapointe, S L AU - Bausher, M Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39753271?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Protein+transfer+during+mating+in+the+Diaprepes+root+weevil%2C+Diaprepes+abbreviatus&rft.au=Sirot%2C+L+K%3BLapointe%2C+S+L%3BBausher%2C+M&rft.aulast=Sirot&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Applied Plant Research, Nursery Stock Research Unit, P.O. Box 118, 2770 AC Boskoop, The Netherlands; phone: +31 172 236700; fax: +31 172 236710; email: weevil@wur.nl N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Pasture management systems: Impact on soil carbon and greenhouse gasses AN - 39752959; 3813223 AU - Follett, R Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39752959?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Pasture+management+systems%3A+Impact+on+soil+carbon+and+greenhouse+gasses&rft.au=Follett%2C+R&rft.aulast=Follett&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Canadian Society of Animal Science, email: info@csas.net; URL: www.csas.net N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Endocrine responses to 72 h feed deprivation in weanling pigs AN - 39752763; 3811597 AU - Salfen, B E AU - Carroll, JA AU - Keisler, D H Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39752763?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Endocrine+responses+to+72+h+feed+deprivation+in+weanling+pigs&rft.au=Salfen%2C+B+E%3BCarroll%2C+JA%3BKeisler%2C+D+H&rft.aulast=Salfen&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Paper No. 402 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of ralgro implantation to gestating sows on sow and piglet performance and components of the somatotrophic axis AN - 39752726; 3811569 AU - Strauch, T A AU - Carroll, JA AU - Berg, EL AU - Salfen, B E Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39752726?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effects+of+ralgro+implantation+to+gestating+sows+on+sow+and+piglet+performance+and+components+of+the+somatotrophic+axis&rft.au=Perkins-Veazie%2C+P%3BCollins%2C+J+K%3BPair%2C+S%3BRoberts%2C+W&rft.aulast=Perkins-Veazie&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-02-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Paper No. 374 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Adipose tissue angiogenesis AN - 39752665; 3811194 AU - Hausman, G J Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39752665?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Adipose+tissue+angiogenesis&rft.au=Hausman%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Hausman&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Paper No. 27 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Impact of maturation on cell wall degradability in corn stem internodes AN - 39751039; 3812356 AU - Jung, H G Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39751039?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Impact+of+maturation+on+cell+wall+degradability+in+corn+stem+internodes&rft.au=Jung%2C+H+G&rft.aulast=Jung&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Poster Paper No. T208 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Induction of apoptosis by butyrate correlates with increasing level of protein ubiquitination in bovine kidney epithelial cells (MDBK) AN - 39750327; 3812199 AU - Li, C AU - Elsasser, T Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39750327?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Induction+of+apoptosis+by+butyrate+correlates+with+increasing+level+of+protein+ubiquitination+in+bovine+kidney+epithelial+cells+%28MDBK%29&rft.au=Li%2C+C%3BElsasser%2C+T&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=278&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=6610&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Poster Paper No. T50 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of intestinal development on calf growth AN - 39748956; 3811746 AU - Baldwin, RL VI AU - Klotz, J AU - Heitmann, R N AU - McLeod, K R Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39748956?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effects+of+intestinal+development+on+calf+growth&rft.au=Baldwin%2C+RL+VI%3BKlotz%2C+J%3BHeitmann%2C+R+N%3BMcLeod%2C+K+R&rft.aulast=Baldwin&rft.aufirst=RL&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Paper No. 537 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Definition of traits and comparison of models for genetic evaluation of cow fertility AN - 39748867; 3811729 AU - VanRaden, P M AU - Tooker, ME Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39748867?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Definition+of+traits+and+comparison+of+models+for+genetic+evaluation+of+cow+fertility&rft.au=VanRaden%2C+P+M%3BTooker%2C+ME&rft.aulast=VanRaden&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Paper No. 520 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Biotechnology-enhanced crops for improved health AN - 39748291; 3813055 AU - Scott, P Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39748291?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Biotechnology-enhanced+crops+for+improved+health&rft.au=Scott%2C+P&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Canadian Society of Animal Science, email: info@csas.net; URL: www.csas.net N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Aerosol particulates of feedyards on the southern high plains AN - 39747714; 3804996 AU - Purdy, C AU - Rice, W AU - Straus, D Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39747714?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Aerosol+particulates+of+feedyards+on+the+southern+high+plains&rft.au=Purdy%2C+C%3BRice%2C+W%3BStraus%2C+D&rft.aulast=Purdy&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Association for Aerosol Research, 17000 Commerce Parkway, Suite C, My. Laurel NJ 08054, USA; phone: 856-439-9080; fax: 856-439-0525; email: info@aaar.org; URL: www.aaar.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Dynamic model to predict the composition of fat-free matter gains in cattle AN - 39746481; 3812432 AU - Williams, C B Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39746481?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Dynamic+model+to+predict+the+composition+of+fat-free+matter+gains+in+cattle&rft.au=Williams%2C+C+B&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Poster Paper No. W48 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Reproductive efficiency in cattle selected for ovulation and twinning rate AN - 39745090; 3811937 AU - Echternkamp, SE AU - Gregory, KE Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39745090?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Reproductive+efficiency+in+cattle+selected+for+ovulation+and+twinning+rate&rft.au=Echternkamp%2C+SE%3BGregory%2C+KE&rft.aulast=Echternkamp&rft.aufirst=SE&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Poster Paper No. M21 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Identification of lands important for protecting water quality and watershed integrity in the Chesapeake Bay watershed AN - 39745007; 3807167 AU - Todd, A Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39745007?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Identification+of+lands+important+for+protecting+water+quality+and+watershed+integrity+in+the+Chesapeake+Bay+watershed&rft.au=Todd%2C+A&rft.aulast=Todd&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Technology Planning & Management Corporation, Mill Wharf Plaza, Suite 208, Scituate, MA 02066, USA; phone: 781-544-1247; fax: 781-544-3086; email: conference@tpmc.com; URL: www.reva-maia.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Positional candidate genes for reproductive traits in a Meishan-White composite resource population on pig chromosome 10 AN - 39744785; 3811849 AU - Nonneman, D AU - Rohrer, G A Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39744785?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Positional+candidate+genes+for+reproductive+traits+in+a+Meishan-White+composite+resource+population+on+pig+chromosome+10&rft.au=Nonneman%2C+D%3BRohrer%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Nonneman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Paper No. 634 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Power of tests for feed experiments with poultry AN - 39744657; 3811812 AU - Roush, W B AU - Tozer, P Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39744657?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=Influence+of+Soil+Colloids+on+the+Migration+of+Atrazine+and+Zinc+Through+Large+Soil+Monoliths&rft.au=Barton%2C+C+D%3BKarathanasis%2C+AD&rft.aulast=Barton&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=143&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1022886225564 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Paper No. 602 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Survey of bulk tank milk in the United States for food-borne bacterial pathogens AN - 39743675; 3812683 AU - Van Kessel, JS AU - Karns, J S AU - McCluskey, B J AU - Perdue, M L Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39743675?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Survey+of+bulk+tank+milk+in+the+United+States+for+food-borne+bacterial+pathogens&rft.au=Van+Kessel%2C+JS%3BKarns%2C+J+S%3BMcCluskey%2C+B+J%3BPerdue%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Van+Kessel&rft.aufirst=JS&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Poster Paper No. W300 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Test-day milk loss associated with elevated test-day somatic cell score AN - 39742055; 3811981 AU - Miller, R H AU - Norman, H D AU - Wiggans, G R AU - Wright, J R Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39742055?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=The+efficacy+of+polyacrylamide+to+reduce+nutrient+movement+from+an+irrigated+field&rft.au=Entry%2C+JA%3BSojka%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Entry&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Poster Paper No. M65 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Energy partitioning in ruminants as related to feed intake AN - 39741934; 3813026 AU - Ferrell, C Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39741934?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Energy+partitioning+in+ruminants+as+related+to+feed+intake&rft.au=Ferrell%2C+C&rft.aulast=Ferrell&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Canadian Society of Animal Science, email: info@csas.net; URL: www.csas.net N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Associations among circulating concentrations of IGF-1 and GH during the postpartum period with resumption of estrus, calf weights, and milk production in mature crossbred cows fed varying levels of energy intake AN - 39741837; 3811596 AU - Roberts, A J AU - Jenkins, T G Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39741837?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Associations+among+circulating+concentrations+of+IGF-1+and+GH+during+the+postpartum+period+with+resumption+of+estrus%2C+calf+weights%2C+and+milk+production+in+mature+crossbred+cows+fed+varying+levels+of+energy+intake&rft.au=Roberts%2C+A+J%3BJenkins%2C+T+G&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Paper No. 401 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of recombinant bovine growth hormone on levels of the bacteria Edwardsiella ictaluri in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) AN - 39741444; 3812403 AU - Peterson, B C AU - Bilodeau, AL Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39741444?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effects+of+recombinant+bovine+growth+hormone+on+levels+of+the+bacteria+Edwardsiella+ictaluri+in+channel+catfish+%28Ictalurus+punctatus%29&rft.au=Peterson%2C+B+C%3BBilodeau%2C+AL&rft.aulast=Peterson&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Poster Paper No. W18 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Ontogenetic regulation of progesterone receptor (PR) expression in bovine mammary gland AN - 39740164; 3812412 AU - Connor, EE AU - Capuco, A V AU - Wood, D L AU - Sonstegard, T S AU - Mota, A F Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39740164?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Ontogenetic+regulation+of+progesterone+receptor+%28PR%29+expression+in+bovine+mammary+gland&rft.au=Connor%2C+EE%3BCapuco%2C+A+V%3BWood%2C+D+L%3BSonstegard%2C+T+S%3BMota%2C+A+F&rft.aulast=Connor&rft.aufirst=EE&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Poster Paper No. W28 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Cloning and characterization of a TGF-homologue within populations of Ascaris suum 4th stage larvae (L4): Regulated transcription and multiple splicing differentiate L4 in the jejunum and ileum during spontaneous cure AN - 39737645; 3809260 AU - Zarlenga, D S AU - Morimoto, M AU - Urban, JF Jr AU - McCarter, J P Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39737645?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Cloning+and+characterization+of+a+TGF-homologue+within+populations+of+Ascaris+suum+4th+stage+larvae+%28L4%29%3A+Regulated+transcription+and+multiple+splicing+differentiate+L4+in+the+jejunum+and+ileum+during+spontaneous+cure&rft.au=Zarlenga%2C+D+S%3BMorimoto%2C+M%3BUrban%2C+JF+Jr%3BMcCarter%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Zarlenga&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: WAAVP 2003, 1108 First NBC Building, 210 Baronne Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; phone: 504-561-1191; fax: 504-561-5894; URL: www.ccc-nola.com/waavp2003/ N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Geomorphology and site assessment for aquatic organism passage design AN - 39737530; 3803943 AU - Jackson, S AU - Gubernick, B AU - Clarkin, K Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39737530?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Geomorphology+and+site+assessment+for+aquatic+organism+passage+design&rft.au=Jackson%2C+S%3BGubernick%2C+B%3BClarkin%2C+K&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Center for Transportation and the Environment, NCSU Centennial Campus, Box 8601, Raleigh, NC 27695-8601, USA; phone: 919-515-8899; fax: 919-515-8898; URL: www.itre.ncsu.edu/cte/ICOET/ N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of genetic groups to account for selection on estimates of genetic parameters for a line of Hereford cattle AN - 39737290; 3811536 AU - Van Vleck, LD AU - Hanford, K J AU - MacNeil, MD Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39737290?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effects+of+genetic+groups+to+account+for+selection+on+estimates+of+genetic+parameters+for+a+line+of+Hereford+cattle&rft.au=Van+Vleck%2C+LD%3BHanford%2C+K+J%3BMacNeil%2C+MD&rft.aulast=Van+Vleck&rft.aufirst=LD&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00380717&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0038-0717%2802%2900246-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Paper No. 341 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of milk pasteurization and aging on functional properties of Mexican Mennonite cheese AN - 39737034; 3812671 AU - Olson, D W AU - Van Hekken, DL AU - Tunick, M H AU - Tomasula, P M AU - Molina-Corral, F J AU - Gardea, A A Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39737034?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effects+of+milk+pasteurization+and+aging+on+functional+properties+of+Mexican+Mennonite+cheese&rft.au=Olson%2C+D+W%3BVan+Hekken%2C+DL%3BTunick%2C+M+H%3BTomasula%2C+P+M%3BMolina-Corral%2C+F+J%3BGardea%2C+A+A&rft.aulast=Olson&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Poster Paper No. W288 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Genetic correlations for litter weight weaned with reproduction and wool characteristics in Rambouillet, Columbia, Targhee and Polypay sheep AN - 39735734; 3811451 AU - Hanford, K J AU - Van Vleck, LD AU - Snowder, G D Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39735734?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Genetic+correlations+for+litter+weight+weaned+with+reproduction+and+wool+characteristics+in+Rambouillet%2C+Columbia%2C+Targhee+and+Polypay+sheep&rft.au=Hanford%2C+K+J%3BVan+Vleck%2C+LD%3BSnowder%2C+G+D&rft.aulast=Hanford&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Paper No. 269 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of mixing and transportation on behavior and cortisol response in relation to Salmonella infection in swine AN - 39734701; 3812498 AU - Lay, DC Jr AU - Stabel, T J AU - Toscano, MJ AU - Vote, BA Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39734701?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+mixing+and+transportation+on+behavior+and+cortisol+response+in+relation+to+Salmonella+infection+in+swine&rft.au=Lay%2C+DC+Jr%3BStabel%2C+T+J%3BToscano%2C+MJ%3BVote%2C+BA&rft.aulast=Lay&rft.aufirst=DC&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Poster Paper No. W114 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Somatotropin regulation of skeletal muscle protein deposition in pigs AN - 39729492; 3811440 AU - Davis, T A AU - Bush, JA AU - Vann, R C AU - Suryawan, A AU - Burrin, D G Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39729492?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Somatotropin+regulation+of+skeletal+muscle+protein+deposition+in+pigs&rft.au=Davis%2C+T+A%3BBush%2C+JA%3BVann%2C+R+C%3BSuryawan%2C+A%3BBurrin%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Paper No. 258 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Accuracy of foreign dairy bull evaluations in predicting US evaluations for yield AN - 39722936; 3811329 AU - Powell, R L AU - Sanders, AH AU - Norman, H D Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39722936?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Accuracy+of+foreign+dairy+bull+evaluations+in+predicting+US+evaluations+for+yield&rft.au=Powell%2C+R+L%3BSanders%2C+AH%3BNorman%2C+H+D&rft.aulast=Powell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Paper No. 153 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Is rangeland agriculture sustainable? AN - 39722752; 3811289 AU - Heitschmidt, R K AU - Vermeire, L T AU - Grings, EE Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39722752?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Is+rangeland+agriculture+sustainable%3F&rft.au=Heitschmidt%2C+R+K%3BVermeire%2C+L+T%3BGrings%2C+EE&rft.aulast=Heitschmidt&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Paper No. 118 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Influence of dietary crude protein on potential ammonia emissions from beef cattle manure AN - 39720714; 3811631 AU - Cole, NA AU - Clark, R N AU - Todd, R W AU - Richardson, C R AU - Gueye, A AU - Greene, L W AU - McBride, K Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39720714?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Influence+of+dietary+crude+protein+on+potential+ammonia+emissions+from+beef+cattle+manure&rft.au=Cole%2C+NA%3BClark%2C+R+N%3BTodd%2C+R+W%3BRichardson%2C+C+R%3BGueye%2C+A%3BGreene%2C+L+W%3BMcBride%2C+K&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=NA&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Paper No. 436 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of pre-natal stress on immunological response and weight gain during the grower finisher period AN - 39715669; 3811837 AU - Toscano, MJ AU - Scott, KA AU - Smith, H K AU - Cunnick, JE AU - Daniels, MJ AU - Lay, DC Jr Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39715669?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effects+of+pre-natal+stress+on+immunological+response+and+weight+gain+during+the+grower+finisher+period&rft.au=Toscano%2C+MJ%3BScott%2C+KA%3BSmith%2C+H+K%3BCunnick%2C+JE%3BDaniels%2C+MJ%3BLay%2C+DC+Jr&rft.aulast=Toscano&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Paper No. 622 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Molecular cloning and endometrial expression of porcine high density lipoprotein receptor SR-BI during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy AN - 39715490; 3811774 AU - Kim, J G AU - Vallet, J L AU - Christenson, R K Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39715490?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Molecular+cloning+and+endometrial+expression+of+porcine+high+density+lipoprotein+receptor+SR-BI+during+the+estrous+cycle+and+early+pregnancy&rft.au=Kim%2C+J+G%3BVallet%2C+J+L%3BChristenson%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Paper No. 563 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Peripheral leptin administration alters hormone and metabolite levels in the young pig AN - 39709747; 3811571 AU - Ramsay, T G AU - Bush, JA AU - McMurtry, J P AU - Thivierge, M C AU - Davis, T A Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39709747?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Peripheral+leptin+administration+alters+hormone+and+metabolite+levels+in+the+young+pig&rft.au=Ramsay%2C+T+G%3BBush%2C+JA%3BMcMurtry%2C+J+P%3BThivierge%2C+M+C%3BDavis%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Ramsay&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Paper No. 376 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Thermophilin 110: A broad spectrum bacteriocin of Streptococcus thermophilus AN - 39698011; 3812655 AU - Somkuti, G A AU - Steinberg, D H Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39698011?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Thermophilin+110%3A+A+broad+spectrum+bacteriocin+of+Streptococcus+thermophilus&rft.au=Somkuti%2C+G+A%3BSteinberg%2C+D+H&rft.aulast=Somkuti&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Poster Paper No. W272 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of wintering period growth rate on finishing growth rate, final weight and carcass parameters from forage or high concentrate finished cattle AN - 39697843; 3812625 AU - Neel, JPS AU - Fontenot, J P AU - Clapham, WM AU - Duckett, S K Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39697843?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+wintering+period+growth+rate+on+finishing+growth+rate%2C+final+weight+and+carcass+parameters+from+forage+or+high+concentrate+finished+cattle&rft.au=Neel%2C+JPS%3BFontenot%2C+J+P%3BClapham%2C+WM%3BDuckett%2C+S+K&rft.aulast=Neel&rft.aufirst=JPS&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Poster Paper No. W242 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Bovine Neosporosis, a serious obstacle to cattle breeding and a challenge for scientists AN - 39692671; 3809516 AU - Dubey, J P Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39692671?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Bovine+Neosporosis%2C+a+serious+obstacle+to+cattle+breeding+and+a+challenge+for+scientists&rft.au=Dubey%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Dubey&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=131&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=558&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Physiology&rft.issn=00320889&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: WAAVP 2003, 1108 First NBC Building, 210 Baronne Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; phone: 504-561-1191; fax: 504-561-5894; URL: www.ccc-nola.com/waavp2003/ N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Genetic trends resulting from selection based on an index of birth weight and yearling weight AN - 39691065; 3811538 AU - MacNeil, MD Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39691065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Genetic+trends+resulting+from+selection+based+on+an+index+of+birth+weight+and+yearling+weight&rft.au=MacNeil%2C+MD&rft.aulast=MacNeil&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Paper No. 343 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Slow-release thyme oil granules for control of odor and pathogens in feedlot cattle waste AN - 39690737; 3811486 AU - Varel, V AU - Miller, D AU - Berry, E Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39690737?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Slow-release+thyme+oil+granules+for+control+of+odor+and+pathogens+in+feedlot+cattle+waste&rft.au=Varel%2C+V%3BMiller%2C+D%3BBerry%2C+E&rft.aulast=Varel&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Paper No. 304 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Collaborative research and watershed management for optimization of forest road best management practices AN - 39688770; 3803922 AU - Riedel, M Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39688770?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Collaborative+research+and+watershed+management+for+optimization+of+forest+road+best+management+practices&rft.au=Riedel%2C+M&rft.aulast=Riedel&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Center for Transportation and the Environment, NCSU Centennial Campus, Box 8601, Raleigh, NC 27695-8601, USA; phone: 919-515-8899; fax: 919-515-8898; URL: www.itre.ncsu.edu/cte/ICOET/. Paper No. #87 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Increased levels of LPS-binding protein (LBP) in bovine blood and milk following bacterial lipopolysaccharide challenge AN - 39686591; 3811975 AU - Bannerman, D AU - Paape, M AU - Hare, W AU - Sohn, E J Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39686591?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Increased+levels+of+LPS-binding+protein+%28LBP%29+in+bovine+blood+and+milk+following+bacterial+lipopolysaccharide+challenge&rft.au=Bannerman%2C+D%3BPaape%2C+M%3BHare%2C+W%3BSohn%2C+E+J&rft.aulast=Bannerman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Poster Paper No. M59 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Use of real-time polymerase chain reactions (PCR) for the detection of pathogenic microbes in bulk-tank milk AN - 39683948; 3812682 AU - Karns, J S AU - Van Kessel, JS AU - Perdue, M L Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39683948?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Use+of+real-time+polymerase+chain+reactions+%28PCR%29+for+the+detection+of+pathogenic+microbes+in+bulk-tank+milk&rft.au=Karns%2C+J+S%3BVan+Kessel%2C+JS%3BPerdue%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Karns&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Poster Paper No. W299 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Dissociation of glucocorticoid and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) responses to repeated endotoxin (LPS) challenges: Effects of individual versus group penning AN - 39681719; 3811970 AU - Kahl, S AU - Elsasser, TH Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39681719?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+soybean+resistance+to+sclerotinia+stem+rot+using+reciprocal+grafting&rft.au=Vuong%2C+T+D%3BHartman%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Vuong&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=154&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Poster Paper No. M54 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Estimates of genetic parameters for respiratory disease in beef calves before weaning AN - 39681551; 3811546 AU - Snowder, G AU - Van Vleck, D AU - Cundiff, L AU - Gregory, K AU - Bennett, G Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39681551?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Estimates+of+genetic+parameters+for+respiratory+disease+in+beef+calves+before+weaning&rft.au=Snowder%2C+G%3BVan+Vleck%2C+D%3BCundiff%2C+L%3BGregory%2C+K%3BBennett%2C+G&rft.aulast=Snowder&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Paper No. 351 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Performance of holsteins that originated from embryo transfer or twin births AN - 39681196; 3812473 AU - Norman, H D AU - Wright, J R AU - Powell, R L Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39681196?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Performance+of+holsteins+that+originated+from+embryo+transfer+or+twin+births&rft.au=Norman%2C+H+D%3BWright%2C+J+R%3BPowell%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Norman&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Poster Paper No. W89 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Maternal performance of Hereford, Angus, Red Angus, Simmental, Gelbvieh, Limousin, and Charolais sired two-year-old crossbred females AN - 39676510; 3811537 AU - Cundiff, LV Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39676510?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Determination+of+host+responses+to+Magnaporthe+grisea+on+detached+rice+leaves+using+a+spot+inoculation+method&rft.au=Jia%2C+Y%3BValent%2C+B%3BLee%2C+F+N&rft.aulast=Jia&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Paper No. 342 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Current status of cryopreserving goat semen AN - 39667467; 3811704 AU - Purdy, PH Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39667467?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Current+status+of+cryopreserving+goat+semen&rft.au=Purdy%2C+PH&rft.aulast=Purdy&rft.aufirst=PH&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Paper No. 498 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Fertility and distribution of estrus among cows following prostaglandin induced embryonic/fetal mortality AN - 39667390; 3811672 AU - Geary, T W Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39667390?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Fertility+and+distribution+of+estrus+among+cows+following+prostaglandin+induced+embryonic%2Ffetal+mortality&rft.au=Geary%2C+T+W&rft.aulast=Geary&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Paper No. 471 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Quantitative analysis of estrogen-related receptor a, estrogen receptor a and estrogen receptor b mRNAs throughout bovine mammary gland development AN - 39667353; 3811668 AU - Connor, EE AU - Capuco, A V AU - Sonstegard, T S AU - Mota, A F AU - Wood, D L AU - Garrett, W AU - Bennett, G L AU - Williams, J Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39667353?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Quantitative+analysis+of+estrogen-related+receptor+a%2C+estrogen+receptor+a+and+estrogen+receptor+b+mRNAs+throughout+bovine+mammary+gland+development&rft.au=Connor%2C+EE%3BCapuco%2C+A+V%3BSonstegard%2C+T+S%3BMota%2C+A+F%3BWood%2C+D+L%3BGarrett%2C+W%3BBennett%2C+G+L%3BWilliams%2C+J&rft.aulast=Connor&rft.aufirst=EE&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Paper No. 467 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Rapid assessment process for determining potential wildlife, fish and plant linkages for highways AN - 39661126; 3803918 AU - Ruediger, B Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39661126?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Rapid+assessment+process+for+determining+potential+wildlife%2C+fish+and+plant+linkages+for+highways&rft.au=Ruediger%2C+B&rft.aulast=Ruediger&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Center for Transportation and the Environment, NCSU Centennial Campus, Box 8601, Raleigh, NC 27695-8601, USA; phone: 919-515-8899; fax: 919-515-8898; URL: www.itre.ncsu.edu/cte/ICOET/. Paper No. #63 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Planting of large-scale marsh projects AN - 39652574; 3803587 AU - Seidensticker, E Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39652574?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Planting+of+large-scale+marsh+projects&rft.au=Seidensticker%2C+E&rft.aulast=Seidensticker&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Washington, DC, USA; email: Gale.Peek@noaa.gov; URL: www.csc.noaa.gov N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lipase-selective functional domains of perilipin A differentially regulate constitutive and protein kinase A-stimulated lipolysis. AN - 71467951; 14527948 AB - Perilipin (Peri) A is a lipid droplet-associated phosphoprotein that acts dually as a suppressor of basal (constitutive) lipolysis and as an enhancer of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA)-stimulated lipolysis by both hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and non-HSL(s). To identify domains of Peri A that mediate these multiple actions, we introduced adenoviruses expressing truncated or mutated Peri A and HSL into NIH 3T3 fibroblasts lacking endogenous perilipins and HSL but overexpressing acyl-CoA synthetase 1 and fatty acid transporter 1. We identified two lipase-selective functional domains: 1) Peri A (amino acids 1-300), which inhibits basal lipolysis and promotes PKA-stimulated lipolysis by HSL, and 2) Peri A (amino acids 301-517), which inhibits basal lipolysis by non-HSL and promotes PKA-stimulated lipolysis by both HSL and non-HSL. PKA site mutagenesis revealed that PKA-stimulated lipolysis by HSL requires phosphorylation of one or more sites within Peri 1-300 (Ser81, Ser222, and Ser276). PKA-stimulated lipolysis by non-HSL additionally requires phosphorylation of one or more PKA sites within Peri 301-517 (Ser433, Ser492, and Ser517). Peri 301-517 promoted PKA-stimulated lipolysis by HSL yet did not block HSL-mediated basal lipolysis, indicating that an additional region(s) within Peri 301-517 promotes hormone-stimulated lipolysis by HSL. These results suggest a model of Peri A function in which 1) lipase-specific "barrier" domains block basal lipolysis by HSL and non-HSL, 2) differential PKA site phosphorylation allows PKA-stimulated lipolysis by HSL and non-HSL, respectively, and 3) additional domains within Peri A further facilitate PKA-stimulated lipolysis, again with lipase selectivity. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Zhang, Hui H AU - Souza, Sandra C AU - Muliro, Kizito V AU - Kraemer, Fredric B AU - Obin, Martin S AU - Greenberg, Andrew S AD - Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA. Y1 - 2003/12/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 19 SP - 51535 EP - 51542 VL - 278 IS - 51 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - Carrier Proteins KW - 0 KW - Perilipin-1 KW - Phosphoproteins KW - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases KW - EC 2.7.11.11 KW - Sterol Esterase KW - EC 3.1.1.13 KW - Lipase KW - EC 3.1.1.3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Mice KW - NIH 3T3 Cells KW - Binding Sites KW - Sterol Esterase -- genetics KW - Sterol Esterase -- metabolism KW - Phosphorylation KW - Lipolysis KW - Protein Structure, Tertiary KW - Mutation KW - Cell Line KW - Phosphoproteins -- genetics KW - Phosphoproteins -- chemistry KW - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases -- physiology KW - Phosphoproteins -- physiology KW - Lipase -- genetics KW - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases -- genetics KW - Lipase -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71467951?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=Lipase-selective+functional+domains+of+perilipin+A+differentially+regulate+constitutive+and+protein+kinase+A-stimulated+lipolysis.&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Hui+H%3BSouza%2C+Sandra+C%3BMuliro%2C+Kizito+V%3BKraemer%2C+Fredric+B%3BObin%2C+Martin+S%3BGreenberg%2C+Andrew+S&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Hui&rft.date=2003-12-19&rft.volume=278&rft.issue=51&rft.spage=51535&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-30 N1 - Date created - 2003-12-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Watershed vulnerability to herbicide transport in northern Missouri and southern Iowa streams. AN - 71504386; 14717159 AB - Herbicide contamination of streams has been well documented, but little is currently known about the specific factors affecting watershed vulnerability to herbicide transport. The primary objectives of this study were (1) to document herbicide occurrence and transport from watersheds in the northern Missouri/southern Iowa region; (2) to quantify watershed vulnerability to herbicide transport and relate vulnerability to soil properties; and (3) to compute the contribution of this region to the herbicide load of the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers. Grab samples were collected under baseflow and runoff conditions at 21 hydrologic monitoring stations between April 15 and July 15 from 1996 to 1999. Samples were analyzed for commonly used soil-applied herbicides (atrazine, cyanazine, acetochlor, alachlor, metolachlor, and metribuzin) and four triazine metabolites (deisopropylatrazine, deethylatrazine, hydroxyatrazine, and cyanazine amide). Estimates of herbicide load and relative losses were computed for each watershed. Median parent herbicide losses, as a percentage of applied, ranged from 0.33 to 3.9%; loss rates that were considerably higher than other areas of the United States. Watershed vulnerability to herbicide transport, measured as herbicide load per treated area, showed that the runoff potential of soils was a critical factor affecting herbicide transport. Herbicide transport from these watersheds contributed a disproportionately high amount of the herbicide load to both the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers. Based on these results, this region of the Corn Belt is highly vulnerable to transport of herbicides from fields to streams, and it should be targeted for implementation of management practices designed to reduce herbicide losses in surface runoff. JF - Environmental science & technology AU - Lerch, R N AU - Blanchard, P E AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Cropping Systems and Water Quality Research Unit, 269 Agricultural Engineering Building, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA. lerchr@missouri.edu Y1 - 2003/12/15/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 15 SP - 5518 EP - 5527 VL - 37 IS - 24 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Herbicides KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Agriculture KW - Missouri KW - Rain KW - Iowa KW - Risk Assessment KW - Herbicides -- analysis KW - Water Movements KW - Water Supply UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71504386?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+science+%26+technology&rft.atitle=Watershed+vulnerability+to+herbicide+transport+in+northern+Missouri+and+southern+Iowa+streams.&rft.au=Lerch%2C+R+N%3BBlanchard%2C+P+E&rft.aulast=Lerch&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-12-15&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=5518&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+science+%26+technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-01-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of Bravo fungicide applications on wood density and moisture content of Swiss needle cast affected Douglas-fir trees AN - 20149310; 5783889 AB - Wood density, moisture content, tracheid width and cell wall size were examined in trees from plots that were sprayed for 5 years with chlorothalonil (Bravo super()) fungicide to reduce the impact of Swiss needle cast (SNC) and from trees in adjacent unsprayed plots. The unsprayed (more heavily diseased) trees had significantly narrower sapwood, narrower growth rings, lower sapwood moisture content, and narrower tracheid cell wall thickness than did the sprayed (less heavily diseased) trees. Moreover, unsprayed trees had altered earlywood density-earlywood width relationships, higher latewood proportion, and higher overall wood density than the sprayed trees. We hypothesize: (1) that the decreased moisture content of diseased trees results from their poor carbon economy resulting in insufficient energy (photosynthate) to reverse sapwood embolisms, and (2) SNC decreases wood density relative to growth rate. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Johnson, G R AU - Gartner, B L AU - Maguire, D AU - Kanaskie, A AD - USDA Forest Service, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA, randyjohnson@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/12/05/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 05 SP - 339 EP - 348 PB - Elsevier B.V. VL - 186 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Growth rate KW - Forest management KW - Growth rings KW - Trees KW - Photosynthates KW - Chlorothalonil KW - Carbon KW - Embolism KW - Energy KW - Cell size KW - Fungicides KW - Cell walls KW - Needlecast KW - A 01390:Forestry KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20149310?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Influence+of+Bravo+fungicide+applications+on+wood+density+and+moisture+content+of+Swiss+needle+cast+affected+Douglas-fir+trees&rft.au=Johnson%2C+G+R%3BGartner%2C+B+L%3BMaguire%2C+D%3BKanaskie%2C+A&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2003-12-05&rft.volume=186&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=339&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1127%2803%2900305-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Growth rate; Forest management; Growth rings; Trees; Photosynthates; Chlorothalonil; Carbon; Embolism; Energy; Fungicides; Cell size; Needlecast; Cell walls DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00305-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impacts and management implications of ice storms on forests in the southern United States AN - 19227425; 5783857 AB - This review explores the ecological and silvicultural impacts of ice storms on forests in the southern United States. Different environmental factors like weather conditions, topography, vegetation, stand density, and management practices influence the degree of glaze damage a particular forest may experience. Additionally, the frequent contradictions in the relationships between these factors and the resulting damage suggests a complexity that makes each ice storm unique and difficult to predict. We recommend a series of silvicultural responses to ice storms, including density management, planting species selection, post-event evaluation, salvage, stand rehabilitation, and long-term monitoring of forest health. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Bragg, D C AU - Shelton, M G AU - Zeide, B AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, P.O. Box 3516 UAM, Monticello, AR 71656, USA, dbragg@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/12/05/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 05 SP - 99 EP - 123 VL - 186 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Silviculture KW - Ice KW - Forest management KW - USA KW - Storms KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19227425?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Impacts+and+management+implications+of+ice+storms+on+forests+in+the+southern+United+States&rft.au=Bragg%2C+D+C%3BShelton%2C+M+G%3BZeide%2C+B&rft.aulast=Bragg&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-12-05&rft.volume=186&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=99&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1127%2803%2900230-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Forest management; Ice; Storms; Silviculture DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00230-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Light, temperature, and soil moisture responses to elevation, evergreen understory, and small canopy gaps in the southern Appalachians AN - 19206288; 5783878 AB - Small canopy openings often alter understory microclimate, leading to changes in forest structure and composition. It is generally accepted that physical changes in the understory (i.e., microclimatic) due to canopy removal drive changes in basic forest processes, particularly seedling recruitment which is intrinsically linked to soil moisture availability, light and, to a lesser extent, temperature. We examined the impact of small canopy gaps of the type (snags) and size ( similar to 300m super(2)) most frequently observed in the southern Appalachians on the understory microclimate. We created artificial canopy gaps at two elevations (a.m.s.l.) by girdling trees in areas with and without a Rhododendron maximum L. (rosebay rhododendron) understory. Soil and air temperature ( degree C), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR; mu molm super(-2)s super(-1)), and volumetric soil water content (%WC) in the upper 15cm of soil were measured along transects generally running north to south through each gap. Overall, PAR was substantially less in rhododendron gaps than in non-rhododendron gaps. We found a slight increase in PAR in non-rhododendron gaps during spring and summer compared to controls. Very little seasonal variation in PAR was observed in rhododendron gaps compared with non-rhododendron gaps. In general, %WC in rhododendron gaps was lower than in non-rhododendron gaps and less variable. We also found a gap response in incident PAR during the spring and summer seasons. There was no significant effect of gap creation on %WC, nor were there site (elevation) differences or effects due to the presence of rhododendron. Further, there was no significant gap effect on mean, maximum, or minimum soil and air temperature; however, there were significant effects from the presence of rhododendron and between sites for PAR and soil and air temperature during certain seasons of the year. Although there is some certainty about measurable responses in key microclimatic variables in rhododendron and non-rhododendron gaps found in this study, we could not be certain if responses represent a significant enough departure from values in undisturbed conditions to elicit a tree recruitment response. Our results indicate that for openings of the size examined here, topography and evergreen understory are the primary determinants of spatial and temporal heterogeneity in understory microclimate. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Clinton, B D AD - USDA Forest Service, Coweeta Hydrologic Lab, Otto, NC, USA Y1 - 2003/12/05/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 05 SP - 243 EP - 255 VL - 186 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Rosebay rhododendron KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Gaps KW - USA KW - Rhododendron maximum KW - Canopies KW - Soil moisture KW - Understory KW - Light effects KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19206288?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Light%2C+temperature%2C+and+soil+moisture+responses+to+elevation%2C+evergreen+understory%2C+and+small+canopy+gaps+in+the+southern+Appalachians&rft.au=Clinton%2C+B+D&rft.aulast=Clinton&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-12-05&rft.volume=186&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1127%2803%2900277-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rhododendron maximum; USA; Light effects; Temperature effects; Soil moisture; Understory; Gaps; Canopies DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00277-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Active layer thickness of soils in the Ross Sea region, Antarctica AN - 742919193; 2010-060998 JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Paetzold, Ron F AU - Balks, Megan R AU - Aislabie, Jackie AU - Sletten, Ron S AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - December 2003 SP - Abstract C21B EP - 0810 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 84 IS - 46, Suppl. SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - soils KW - Southern Ocean KW - permafrost KW - Antarctica KW - Ross Dependency KW - moisture KW - Ross Sea KW - thickness KW - glacial geology KW - active layer KW - temperature KW - 23:Geomorphology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/742919193?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=Active+layer+thickness+of+soils+in+the+Ross+Sea+region%2C+Antarctica&rft.au=Paetzold%2C+Ron+F%3BBalks%2C+Megan+R%3BAislabie%2C+Jackie%3BSletten%2C+Ron+S%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Paetzold&rft.aufirst=Ron&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=46%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2003 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - active layer; Antarctica; glacial geology; moisture; permafrost; Ross Dependency; Ross Sea; soils; Southern Ocean; temperature; thickness ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clinical Toxoplasma gondii, Hammondia heydorni, and Sarcocystis spp. infections in dogs. AN - 71583734; 15267102 AB - Concurrent infections with coccidians Toxoplasma gondii, Sarcocystis spp., and a Hammondia heydorni-like parasite were identified in tissues of three littermate pups on a Kelpie dog breeding farm in Australia. In total, 20 pups in four litters had died following vaccination with an attenuated distemper virus vaccine. Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites were identified immunohistochemically in tissues of two dogs. Sarcocystis sp. sporocysts were seen in the intestinal lamina propria of two dogs. Asexual and sexual stages of H. heydorni-like parasite were found in enterocytes of the small intestine of two dogs. Ultrastructural development of schizonts and gamonts of this parasite is described. None of the protozoa in these dogs reacted with antibodies to Neospora caninum. Feeding of uncooked tissue of sheep was considered to be the likely source of infection for these coccidians in dogs. JF - Parassitologia AU - Dubey, J P AU - Ross, A D AU - Fritz, D AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA. jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - December 2003 SP - 141 EP - 146 VL - 45 IS - 3-4 SN - 0048-2951, 0048-2951 KW - Vaccines, Attenuated KW - 0 KW - Viral Vaccines KW - Index Medicus KW - Epithelium -- parasitology KW - Animals KW - Sarcocystidae -- isolation & purification KW - Animal Feed -- parasitology KW - Viral Vaccines -- adverse effects KW - Toxoplasma -- ultrastructure KW - Meat -- parasitology KW - Food Parasitology KW - Disease Outbreaks -- veterinary KW - Sarcocystis -- ultrastructure KW - Toxoplasma -- isolation & purification KW - Dogs KW - Food Contamination KW - Sarcocystis -- isolation & purification KW - Distemper Virus, Canine -- immunology KW - Intestine, Small -- parasitology KW - Vaccines, Attenuated -- adverse effects KW - Sheep -- parasitology KW - Sarcocystidae -- ultrastructure KW - Female KW - Male KW - Immunosuppression KW - Dog Diseases -- parasitology KW - Sarcocystosis -- parasitology KW - Toxoplasmosis, Animal -- parasitology KW - Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic -- parasitology KW - Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic -- veterinary KW - Coccidiosis -- veterinary KW - Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic -- transmission KW - Sarcocystosis -- transmission KW - Coccidiosis -- parasitology KW - Coccidiosis -- transmission KW - Dog Diseases -- transmission KW - Toxoplasmosis, Animal -- transmission KW - Sarcocystosis -- veterinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71583734?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Solar+Energy+Engineering+%28Transactions+of+the+ASME%29&rft.atitle=Remote+Solar%2C+Wind%2C+and+Hybrid+Solar%2FWind+Energy+Systems+for+Purifying+Water&rft.au=Vick%2C+Brian+D%3BClark%2C+R+Nolan%3BLing%2C+Junyi%3BLing%2C+Shitao&rft.aulast=Vick&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=125&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Solar+Energy+Engineering+%28Transactions+of+the+ASME%29&rft.issn=01996231&rft_id=info:doi/10.1115%2F1.1531148 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-17 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field trials of spinosad as a replacement for naled, DDVP, and malathion in methyl eugenol and cue-lure bucket traps to attract and kill male oriental fruit flies and melon flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Hawaii. AN - 71536164; 14977115 AB - Spinosad was evaluated in Hawaii as a replacement for organophosphate insecticides (naled, dichlorvos [DDVP], and malathion) in methyl eugenol and cue-lure bucket traps to attract and kill oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel, and melon fly, B. cucurbitae Coquillett, respectively. In the first and second methyl eugenol trials with B. dorsalis, naled was in the highest rated group for all evaluation periods (at 5, 10, 15, and 20 wk). Spinosad was equal to naled at 5 and 10 wk during both trials 1 and 2, and compared favorably with malathion during trial 2. During the first cue-lure trial with B. cucurbitae, naled and malathion were in the top rated group at 5, 10, 15, and 20 wk. Spinosad was equal to naled at 5 wk. During the second cue-lure trial, spinosad and naled were both in the top rated group at 10, 15, and 20 wk. Use of male lure traps with methyl eugenol or cue-lure had no effect on attraction of females into test areas. Our results suggest that spinosad, although not as persistent as naled or malathion, is safer to handle and a more environmentally friendly substitute for organophosphate insecticides in methyl eugenol and cue-lure traps for use in B. dorsalis and B. cucurbitae areawide integrated pest management programs in Hawaii. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Vargas, Roger I AU - Miller, Neil W AU - Stark, John D AD - Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 4459, Hilo, HI 96720, USA. Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - December 2003 SP - 1780 EP - 1785 VL - 96 IS - 6 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - 4-(p-acetoxyphenyl)-2-butanone KW - 0 KW - Butanones KW - Drug Combinations KW - Insecticides KW - Macrolides KW - Pheromones KW - insect attractants KW - Eugenol KW - 3T8H1794QW KW - Dichlorvos KW - 7U370BPS14 KW - Naled KW - PAM1AI9KU1 KW - Malathion KW - U5N7SU872W KW - spinosad KW - XPA88EAP6V KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Methylation KW - Male KW - Insect Control -- methods KW - Tephritidae UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71536164?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Land+application+of+manure+by+animal+feeding+operations%3A+Is+more+land+needed%3F&rft.au=Ribaudo%2C+MO%3BGollehon%2C+N+R%3BAgapoff%2C+J&rft.aulast=Ribaudo&rft.aufirst=MO&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=30&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-17 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simple algorithms for the classification of visible/near-infrared and hyperspectral imaging spectra of chicken skins, feces, and fecal contaminated skins. AN - 71514117; 14686784 JF - Applied spectroscopy AU - Liu, Yongliang AU - Windham, William R AU - Lawrence, Kurt C AU - Park, Bosoon AD - USDA, ARS, Richard B. Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30604-5677, USA. Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - December 2003 SP - 1609 EP - 1612 VL - 57 IS - 12 SN - 0003-7028, 0003-7028 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Skin -- chemistry KW - Chickens KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Algorithms KW - Meat -- analysis KW - Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared -- methods KW - Feces -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71514117?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+spectroscopy&rft.atitle=Simple+algorithms+for+the+classification+of+visible%2Fnear-infrared+and+hyperspectral+imaging+spectra+of+chicken+skins%2C+feces%2C+and+fecal+contaminated+skins.&rft.au=Liu%2C+Yongliang%3BWindham%2C+William+R%3BLawrence%2C+Kurt+C%3BPark%2C+Bosoon&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Yongliang&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1609&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+spectroscopy&rft.issn=00037028&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-23 N1 - Date created - 2003-12-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Laboratory evaluation of 18 repellent compounds as oviposition deterrents of Aedes albopictus and as larvicides of Aedes aegypti, Anopheles quadrimaculatus, and Culex quinquefasciatus. AN - 71512162; 14710743 AB - Among 18 experimental skin repellent compounds tested at five concentrations in the laboratory as oviposition deterrents against Aedes albopictus. 12 compounds showed significant activity, with median effective dose values ranging from 0.005 to 0.052%. The test compounds also were evaluated in the laboratory as larvicides against laboratory-reared 4th instars of Aedes aegypti, Anopheles quadrimaculatus, and Culex quinquefasciatus with the same concentrations employed for the oviposition deterrency tests against Ae. albopictus. Larval mortality data at 24 and 48 h after treatment indicated that 12 test repellents caused larval mortalities in the range of 67 to 100% against An. quadrimaculatus, 10 compounds induced 55-100% larval mortalities of Ae. aegypti, whereas larval mortality caused by 9 compounds ranged from 74 to 100% against Cx. quinquefasciatus. These mortality data did not fit the linear model of the statistical analysis. However, multiway analysis of variance of these data showed that the repellent compounds, concentrations used, species of mosquitoes, and exposure times affect the degree of larval mortalities. JF - Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association AU - Xue, Rui-De AU - Barnard, Donald R AU - Ali, Arshad AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Medical Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, PO Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA. Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - December 2003 SP - 397 EP - 403 VL - 19 IS - 4 SN - 8756-971X, 8756-971X KW - Insect Repellents KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Larva KW - Mosquito Control -- methods KW - Culex KW - Aedes KW - Anopheles KW - Oviposition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71512162?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.atitle=Laboratory+evaluation+of+18+repellent+compounds+as+oviposition+deterrents+of+Aedes+albopictus+and+as+larvicides+of+Aedes+aegypti%2C+Anopheles+quadrimaculatus%2C+and+Culex+quinquefasciatus.&rft.au=Xue%2C+Rui-De%3BBarnard%2C+Donald+R%3BAli%2C+Arshad&rft.aulast=Xue&rft.aufirst=Rui-De&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=397&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.issn=8756971X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-19 N1 - Date created - 2004-01-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Presence of Campylobacter inthe respiratory tract of broiler carcasses before and after commercial scalding. AN - 71512138; 14717560 AB - Campylobacter could be detected in the thoraco-abdominal cavity of broiler carcasses even if they were carefully eviscerated by hand with no evidence of intestinal rupture or leakage. If Campylobacter is present in the air sacs, which are unavoidably torn during evisceration, it could contaminate the thoraco-abdominal cavity of the eviscerated carcass. This study was done to determine if Campylobacter contamination is present in the respiratory tract of broilers prior to evisceration. Whole carcass rinses and respiratory tract washes were done on broiler carcasses collected at a commercial processing plant just before and just after scalding. Samples were cultured for presence and numbers of Campylobacter, Escherichia coli, coliforms, and total aerobic bacteria. Campylobacter isolates were subtyped by sequencing the short variable region of the flaA gene. The same subtypes of Campylobacter were detected in whole carcass rinse samples as in respiratory tract wash samples from individual broilers. Furthermore, the same numbers and subtypes of Campylobacter were recovered from respiratory tracts of carcasses collected before scalding and those collected after scalding. However, respiratory tracts of carcasses after scalding had higher numbers of E. coli, coliforms, and total aerobic bacteria than those tested before scalding. Although some bacterial counts were higher in the respiratory tracts of carcasses after scalding, Campylobacter counts were not. It appears that Campylobacter is present in the respiratory tracts of broilers as they enter processing, and contamination may be due to airborne bacteria during production or transport. JF - Poultry science AU - Berrang, M E AU - Meinersmann, R J AU - Buhr, R J AU - Reimer, N A AU - Philips, R W AU - Harrison, M A AD - USDA-ARS-Russell Research Center, Poultry Processing and Meat Quality Research Unit, Athens, Georgia 30604-5677, USA. mberrang@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - December 2003 SP - 1995 EP - 1999 VL - 82 IS - 12 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - Flagellin KW - 12777-81-0 KW - flaA protein, bacteria KW - 133606-66-3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Meat KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Flagellin -- genetics KW - Enterobacteriaceae -- isolation & purification KW - Escherichia coli -- isolation & purification KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - DNA, Bacterial -- analysis KW - Hot Temperature KW - Campylobacter -- classification KW - Respiratory System -- microbiology KW - Food Handling KW - Chickens -- microbiology KW - Campylobacter -- genetics KW - Campylobacter -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71512138?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Presence+of+Campylobacter+inthe+respiratory+tract+of+broiler+carcasses+before+and+after+commercial+scalding.&rft.au=Berrang%2C+M+E%3BMeinersmann%2C+R+J%3BBuhr%2C+R+J%3BReimer%2C+N+A%3BPhilips%2C+R+W%3BHarrison%2C+M+A&rft.aulast=Berrang&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1995&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-02-09 N1 - Date created - 2004-01-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Major and trace elements of selected pedons in the USA AN - 51828543; 2004-052872 JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Burt, R AU - Wilson, M A AU - Mays, M D AU - Lee, C W Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - December 2003 SP - 2109 EP - 2121 PB - American Society of Agronomy, [and] Crop Science Society of America, [and] Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 32 IS - 6 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - United States KW - calcium KW - zinc KW - magnesium KW - cobalt KW - copper KW - lead KW - zirconium KW - silicon KW - manganese KW - iron KW - environmental effects KW - laboratory studies KW - major elements KW - aluminum KW - cadmium KW - horizons KW - trace elements KW - chemical composition KW - geochemistry KW - chromium KW - mercury KW - soils KW - concentration KW - alkaline earth metals KW - pedogenesis KW - experimental studies KW - in situ KW - pollutants KW - human activity KW - alkali metals KW - pollution KW - phosphorus KW - sodium KW - pedons KW - titanium KW - metals KW - potassium KW - nickel KW - field studies KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51828543?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Major+and+trace+elements+of+selected+pedons+in+the+USA&rft.au=Burt%2C+R%3BWilson%2C+M+A%3BMays%2C+M+D%3BLee%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=Burt&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://jeq.scijournals.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 84 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 7 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JEVQAA N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alkali metals; alkaline earth metals; aluminum; cadmium; calcium; chemical composition; chromium; cobalt; concentration; copper; environmental effects; experimental studies; field studies; geochemistry; horizons; human activity; in situ; iron; laboratory studies; lead; magnesium; major elements; manganese; mercury; metals; nickel; pedogenesis; pedons; phosphorus; pollutants; pollution; potassium; silicon; sodium; soils; titanium; trace elements; United States; zinc; zirconium ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A new approach for quantifying root-reinforcement of streambanks; the riproot model AN - 51242408; 2008-070324 JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Pollen, Natasha L AU - Simon, Andrew AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - December 2003 SP - Abstract H52A EP - 1174 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 84 IS - 46, Suppl. SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - numerical models KW - erosion KW - roots KW - landform evolution KW - fluvial features KW - water erosion KW - vegetation KW - rivers KW - new methods KW - 23:Geomorphology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51242408?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=A+new+approach+for+quantifying+root-reinforcement+of+streambanks%3B+the+riproot+model&rft.au=Pollen%2C+Natasha+L%3BSimon%2C+Andrew%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Pollen&rft.aufirst=Natasha&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=46%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2003 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2008-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - erosion; fluvial features; landform evolution; new methods; numerical models; rivers; roots; vegetation; water erosion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Airborne Laser Swath Mapping (ALSM) for enhanced riparian water use estimates, basin sediment budgets, and terrain characterization AN - 51078887; 2008-082584 JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Goodrich, David C AU - Farid, Ali AU - Miller, Scott N AU - Semmens, Darius AU - Williams, David J AU - Moran, Susan AU - Unkrich, Carl L AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - December 2003 SP - Abstract G12A EP - 04 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 84 IS - 46, suppl. SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - water use KW - hydrology KW - laser methods KW - geophysical methods KW - characterization KW - watersheds KW - radar methods KW - landforms KW - terrains KW - riparian environment KW - lidar methods KW - sediments KW - airborne methods KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51078887?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=Airborne+Laser+Swath+Mapping+%28ALSM%29+for+enhanced+riparian+water+use+estimates%2C+basin+sediment+budgets%2C+and+terrain+characterization&rft.au=Goodrich%2C+David+C%3BFarid%2C+Ali%3BMiller%2C+Scott+N%3BSemmens%2C+Darius%3BWilliams%2C+David+J%3BMoran%2C+Susan%3BUnkrich%2C+Carl+L%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Goodrich&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=46%2C+suppl.&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2003 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2008-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - airborne methods; characterization; geophysical methods; hydrology; landforms; laser methods; lidar methods; radar methods; riparian environment; sediments; terrains; water use; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - How to reach across a basin; integrating basin-scale interactions to reach-scale predictions AN - 50995748; 2008-086633 JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Miller, Daniel J AU - Benda, Lee E AU - Burnett, Kelly AU - Clarke, Sharon AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - December 2003 SP - Abstract H32F EP - 02 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 84 IS - 46, Suppl. SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - human activity KW - prediction KW - channels KW - landforms KW - climate change KW - habitat KW - topography KW - geographic information systems KW - fluvial features KW - basins KW - information systems KW - geomorphology KW - 23:Geomorphology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50995748?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=How+to+reach+across+a+basin%3B+integrating+basin-scale+interactions+to+reach-scale+predictions&rft.au=Miller%2C+Daniel+J%3BBenda%2C+Lee+E%3BBurnett%2C+Kelly%3BClarke%2C+Sharon%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=46%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2003 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2008-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - basins; channels; climate change; fluvial features; geographic information systems; geomorphology; habitat; human activity; information systems; landforms; prediction; topography ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relations between albedos and emissivities from MODIS and ASTER data over North African desert AN - 50991210; 2008-086666 JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Zhou, Liming AU - Dickinson, Robert AU - Ogawa, Kenta AU - Tian, Yuhong AU - Jin, Menglin AU - Schmugge, Thomas AU - Tsvetsinskaya, Elena AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - December 2003 SP - Abstract H41B EP - 06 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 84 IS - 46, Suppl. SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - soils KW - albedo KW - North Africa KW - satellite methods KW - emissivity KW - models KW - mineral composition KW - Earth Observing System KW - climate effects KW - broad-band spectra KW - Africa KW - Sahara KW - ASTER instrument KW - climate KW - remote sensing KW - MODIS KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50991210?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=Relations+between+albedos+and+emissivities+from+MODIS+and+ASTER+data+over+North+African+desert&rft.au=Zhou%2C+Liming%3BDickinson%2C+Robert%3BOgawa%2C+Kenta%3BTian%2C+Yuhong%3BJin%2C+Menglin%3BSchmugge%2C+Thomas%3BTsvetsinskaya%2C+Elena%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Zhou&rft.aufirst=Liming&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=46%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2003 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2008-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Africa; albedo; ASTER instrument; broad-band spectra; climate; climate effects; Earth Observing System; emissivity; mineral composition; models; MODIS; North Africa; remote sensing; Sahara; satellite methods; soils ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improving water quality with conservation buffers AN - 50991087; 2008-086628 JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Lowrance, Richard AU - Dabney, Seth AU - Schultz, Richard AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - December 2003 SP - Abstract H32D EP - 01 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 84 IS - 46, Suppl. SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - United States KW - nutrients KW - water quality KW - conservation KW - runoff KW - ecosystems KW - Bear Creek KW - vegetation KW - Iowa KW - preventive measures KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50991087?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=Improving+water+quality+with+conservation+buffers&rft.au=Lowrance%2C+Richard%3BDabney%2C+Seth%3BSchultz%2C+Richard%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Lowrance&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2003 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2008-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bear Creek; conservation; ecosystems; Iowa; nutrients; preventive measures; runoff; United States; vegetation; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sedimentation investigation of the Granite/Rhoads Creek subwatershed, Delta-Clearwater River, Delta Junction, Alaska using the hydraulic modeling tool FLO-2D AN - 50859931; 2008-096767 JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Gasperi, Joseph T AU - McClung, John M AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - December 2003 SP - 1 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 84 IS - 46, Suppl. SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - Delta River KW - geologic hazards KW - erosion KW - sedimentation KW - erosion rates KW - two-dimensional models KW - models KW - Clearwater River delta KW - Rhoads Creek basin KW - Granite Creek basin KW - deltas KW - floods KW - drainage basins KW - Alaska KW - geomorphology KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50859931?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=Sedimentation+investigation+of+the+Granite%2FRhoads+Creek+subwatershed%2C+Delta-Clearwater+River%2C+Delta+Junction%2C+Alaska+using+the+hydraulic+modeling+tool+FLO-2D&rft.au=Gasperi%2C+Joseph+T%3BMcClung%2C+John+M%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Gasperi&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=46%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=F718&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2003 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2008-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alaska; Clearwater River delta; Delta River; deltas; drainage basins; erosion; erosion rates; floods; geologic hazards; geomorphology; Granite Creek basin; hydrology; models; Rhoads Creek basin; sedimentation; two-dimensional models; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of local surface matching to multi-date ALSM data for improved calculation of flood-driven sediment deposition and erosion AN - 50654731; 2008-082578 JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Crowell, Kelly J AU - Wilson, Cathy J AU - Canfield, H Evan AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - December 2003 SP - Abstract G11A EP - 0242 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 84 IS - 46, suppl. SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - United States KW - Cerro Grande KW - Pueblo Canyon KW - geologic hazards KW - erosion KW - ALSM KW - New Mexico KW - Los Alamos County New Mexico KW - fires KW - deposition KW - surface features KW - sediments KW - fluvial features KW - floods KW - 23:Geomorphology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50654731?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=Application+of+local+surface+matching+to+multi-date+ALSM+data+for+improved+calculation+of+flood-driven+sediment+deposition+and+erosion&rft.au=Crowell%2C+Kelly+J%3BWilson%2C+Cathy+J%3BCanfield%2C+H+Evan%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Crowell&rft.aufirst=Kelly&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=46%2C+suppl.&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2003 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2008-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ALSM; Cerro Grande; deposition; erosion; fires; floods; fluvial features; geologic hazards; Los Alamos County New Mexico; New Mexico; Pueblo Canyon; sediments; surface features; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Levels and Changes of Soil Phosphorus in Subtropical Beef Cattle Pastures AN - 21167745; 8610730 AB - Long-term pasture management is believed to change soil chemical properties, but little is known about whether pasture management, such as fertilizer application, grazing, or haying can initiate such change in sandy and well-drained subtropical beef pastures. The objective of this study was to investigate the long term effect of pasture management (grazing + haying, GZ + HY) on soil phosphorus (P) dynamics (levels and changes) in subtropical beef cattle pastures with bahiagrass (BG, Paspalum notatum) and rhizoma peanut (RP, Arachis glabrata) with (WP) or without (WNP) P fertilization in Brooksville, FL from 1988 to 2000. Soil P dynamics in Subtropical Agricultural Research Station (STARS) was significantly affected by P fertilization (p <= 0.001) and pasture management (p <= 0.0001). The soil P levels across years from the fertilized fields of 119.0 - 4.9 mg kg-1 was significantly higher than those pasture fields with no P fertilization (62.8 - 7.8 mg kg-1). However, during the past 12 years, there was no P build up despite of the annual application of P-containing fertilizers in addition to the daily in-field loading of animal waste bi-products like fecals and urine. The average soil test values for P in STARS had declined by about 28.3%. The soil test values of P in BG-GZ was about 23% higher than that of BG-GZ + HY, suggesting that GZ followed by HY could have lowered levels of soil P. Soil testing program in the station should continue to measure the amount of soil P that is proportional to what is available to BG and RP, and also continue looking at alternative soil P tests that are better predictors of the loss and/or build up of total and dissolved P to soil and water systems. JF - Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis AU - Sigua, Gilbert C AU - Williams, Mary J AU - Coleman, Samuel W AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Subtropical Agricultural Research Station, Brooksville, Florida, USA Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 975 EP - 990 PB - Taylor & Francis, 11 New Fetter Lane London EC4P 4EE UK, [mailto:info@tandf.co.uk], [URL:http://www.tandf.co.uk] VL - 35 IS - 7-8 SN - 0010-3624, 0010-3624 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21167745?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communications+in+Soil+Science+and+Plant+Analysis&rft.atitle=Levels+and+Changes+of+Soil+Phosphorus+in+Subtropical+Beef+Cattle+Pastures&rft.au=Sigua%2C+Gilbert+C%3BWilliams%2C+Mary+J%3BColeman%2C+Samuel+W&rft.aulast=Sigua&rft.aufirst=Gilbert&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=7-8&rft.spage=975&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Communications+in+Soil+Science+and+Plant+Analysis&rft.issn=00103624&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FCSS-120030573 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/CSS-120030573 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Economic analysis in support of broad scale land management strategies AN - 21113675; 5820771 AB - The US has a century of experience with the development of forest policies that have benefited from or been influenced by economic research activities in the forest sector. At the same time, increasing rigor in policy debates stimulated economics research. During the past four decades economic research has evolved to include increased understanding of consumer demands, producer behavior, landowner behavior and timber resource conditions. Bio-economic models have evolved that combine economic and resource models; these have been used in the US to provide the basis for forecasting future resource and market trends and to shape public perceptions. Economics research has also contributed frameworks for policy analysis using approaches like scenario planning to help decision-makers gauge uncertainty. JF - Forest Policy and Economics AU - Haynes, R AD - PNW Research Station, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 3890, Portland, OR 97208, USA, rhaynes@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 361 EP - 371 VL - 5 IS - 4 SN - 1389-9341, 1389-9341 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Public opinion KW - Land management KW - Economics KW - Forests KW - decision making KW - Environmental policy KW - Land use KW - economic analysis KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21113675?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Policy+and+Economics&rft.atitle=Economic+analysis+in+support+of+broad+scale+land+management+strategies&rft.au=Haynes%2C+R&rft.aulast=Haynes&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=361&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Policy+and+Economics&rft.issn=13899341&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1389-9341%2803%2900035-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Public opinion; Land management; Economics; Forests; decision making; Environmental policy; Land use; economic analysis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1389-9341(03)00035-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Super-optimal temperatures are detrimental to peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) reproductive processes and yield at both ambient and elevated carbon dioxide AN - 20843680; 5826369 AB - Continuing increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (CO sub(2)) will likely be accompanied by global warming. Our research objectives were (a) to determine the effects of season-long exposure to daytime maximum/nighttime minimum temperatures of 32/22, 36/26, 40/30 and 44/34 degree C at ambient (350 mu mol mol super(-1)) and elevated (700 mu mol mol super(-1)) CO sub(2) on reproductive processes and yield of peanut, and (b) to evaluate whether the higher photosynthetic rates and vegetative growth at elevated CO sub(2) will negate the detrimental effects of high temperature on reproductive processes and yield. Doubling of CO sub(2) increased leaf photosynthesis and seed yield by 27% and 30%, respectively, averaged across all temperatures. There were no effects of elevated CO sub(2) on pollen viability, seed-set, seed number per pod, seed size, harvest index or shelling percentage. At ambient CO sub(2), seed yield decreased progressively by 14%, 59% and 90% as temperature increased from 32/22 to 36/26, 40/30 and 44 /34 degree C, respectively. Similar percentage decreases in seed yield occurred at temperatures above 32/22 degree C at elevated CO sub(2) despite greater photosynthesis and vegetative growth. Decreased seed yields at high temperature were a result of lower seed-set due to poor pollen viability, and smaller seed size due to decreased seed growth rates and decreased shelling percentages. Seed harvest index decreased from 0.41 to 0.05 as temperature increased from 32/22 to 44/34 degree C under both ambient and elevated CO sub(2). We conclude that there are no beneficial interactions between elevated CO sub(2) and temperature, and that seed yield of peanut will decrease under future warmer climates, particularly in regions where present temperatures are near or above optimum. JF - Global Change Biology AU - Vara Prasad, PV AU - Boote, K J AU - Hartwell Allen, L AU - Thomas, J M AD - Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0500, USA, United States Department of Agriculture, Gainesville, FL 32611-0695, USA, vpaga@mail.ifas.ufl.edu Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 1775 EP - 1787 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 9 IS - 12 SN - 1354-1013, 1354-1013 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Arachis hypogaea KW - Seeds KW - Daytime KW - Photosynthesis KW - Climate KW - Nuts KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Pollen KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20843680?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+imidacloprid+tree+treatments+on+the+occurrence+of+Formosan+subterranean+termites%2C+Coptotermes+formosanus+Shiraki+%28Isoptera%3A+Rhinotermitidae%29%2C+in+independent+monitors.&rft.au=Osbrink%2C+Weste+L+A%3BLax%2C+Alan+R&rft.aulast=Osbrink&rft.aufirst=Weste+L&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Seeds; Daytime; Photosynthesis; Climate; Nuts; Carbon dioxide; Pollen; Arachis hypogaea DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00708.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Storm and seasonal distributions of fecal coliforms and Cryptosporidium in a spring AN - 20699357; 5829636 AB - The transmission of disease in ground water is a topic of great concern to government agencies, ground water specialists, and the general public. The purpose of this study was to compare the temporal variability in storm flow of fecal coliform bacteria densities and Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst densities in agriculturally impacted karst ground water. Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst densities ranged from 0 to 1,050 oocysts/l, and mean storm densities ranged from 3.5 to 156.8 oocysts/l. Fecal coliform densities ranged from less than 1 CFU/100ml to more than 40,000 CFU/100ml, and geometric mean storm densities ranged from 1.7 CFU/100ml to more than 7,000 CFU/100ml. Fecal coliform densities correlated well with flow during storms, but Cryptosporidium oocyst densities exhibited a great deal of sample to sample variability and were not correlated with flow. Fecal coliform densities did not correlate positively with Cryptosporidium oocyst densities. Fecal coliform densities were greatest at storm peaks, when sediment loads were also greatest. Multiple transport mechanisms for fecal coliform bacteria and C. parvum oocysts may necessitate various agricultural land management and livestock health maintenance practices to control movement of pathogens to karst ground water. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Boyer, D G AU - Kuczynska, E AD - USDA-ARS, Appalachian Farming Systems Research Center, 1224 Airport Road, Beaver, WV 25813, USA, dboyer@afsrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - December 2003 SP - 1449 EP - 1456 VL - 39 IS - 6 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agricultural Watersheds KW - Water resources KW - Correlation KW - Microbial contamination KW - Storms KW - Biological pollutants KW - Data Collections KW - Catchment Areas KW - Seasonal distribution KW - Cryptosporidium parvum KW - Comparison Studies KW - Water management KW - Intestinal protozoa KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Agriculture KW - Variability KW - Groundwater Pollution KW - Spring KW - Bacteria (Coliform) KW - Disease transmission KW - Comparative studies KW - Agricultural land KW - Correlation Analysis KW - Ground water KW - Discharge (of Natural waters) KW - Coliforms KW - Fecal coliforms KW - Oocysts KW - Temporal variations KW - Groundwater Runoff KW - Pathogens KW - Sediments KW - Livestock KW - Colony-forming cells KW - Cryptosporidium KW - Governments KW - Sediment load KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality KW - K 03420:Plant Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20699357?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Storm+and+seasonal+distributions+of+fecal+coliforms+and+Cryptosporidium+in+a+spring&rft.au=Boyer%2C+D+G%3BKuczynska%2C+E&rft.aulast=Boyer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1449&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temporal variations; Water management; Water resources; Biological pollutants; Seasonal distribution; Governments; Spring; Sediment load; Pathogens; Microbial contamination; Storms; Disease transmission; Agricultural land; Fecal coliforms; Oocysts; Colony-forming cells; Ground water; Sediments; Livestock; Agriculture; Groundwater pollution; Discharge (of Natural waters); Comparative studies; Catchment Areas; Intestinal protozoa; Groundwater Pollution; Correlation; Data Collections; Bacteria (Coliform); Variability; Coliforms; Comparison Studies; Cryptosporidium; Agricultural Watersheds; Correlation Analysis; Groundwater Runoff; Cryptosporidium parvum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impacts of Camping on Vegetation: Response and Recovery Following Acute and Chronic Disturbance AN - 19924821; 5886710 AB - Experiments with controlled levels of recreational camping were conducted on previously undisturbed sites in two different plant communities in the subalpine zone of the Wind River Mountains, Wyoming, USA. The plant communities were coniferous forest with understory dominated by the low shrub Vaccinium scoparium and a riparian meadow of intermixed grasses and forbs, of which Deschampsia cespitosa was most abundant. Sites were camped on at intensities of either one or four nights per year, for either one (acute disturbance) or three consecutive years (chronic disturbance). Recovery was followed for three years on sites camped on for one year and for one year on sites camped on for three years. Reductions in vegetation cover and vegetation height were much more pronounced on sites in the forest than on sites in the meadow. In both plant communities, increases in vegetation impact were not proportional to increases in either years of camping or nights per year of camping. Close to the center of campsites, near-maximum levels of impact occurred after the first year of camping on forested sites and after the second year on meadow sites. Meadow sites recovered completely within a year, at the camping intensities employed in the experiments. Forest sites, even those camped on for just one night, did not recover completely within three years. Differences between acute and chronic disturbance were not pronounced. JF - Environmental Management AU - Cole, D N AU - Monz, CA AD - Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute, Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 8089, Missoula, Montana 59807, USA, dcole@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 693 EP - 705 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 32 IS - 6 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Deschampsia cespitosa KW - camping KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Human Population; Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - USA, Wyoming KW - Camping KW - Vegetation KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - Human impact KW - USA, Wyoming, Wind River Mts. KW - Vegetation cover KW - Vaccinium scoparium KW - Recreation areas KW - Meadows KW - Plants KW - Plant communities KW - Environmental restoration KW - Deschampsia caespitosa KW - Wind KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - D 04712:Environmental degradation KW - M1 110:Population-Environment Relations UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19924821?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Impacts+of+Camping+on+Vegetation%3A+Response+and+Recovery+Following+Acute+and+Chronic+Disturbance&rft.au=Cole%2C+D+N%3BMonz%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=693&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-003-0046-x L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00267/bibs/3032006/30320693.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vegetation cover; Meadows; Camping; Plant communities; Plants; Environmental restoration; Vegetation; Wind; Ecosystem disturbance; Human impact; Recreation areas; Vaccinium scoparium; Deschampsia caespitosa; USA, Wyoming, Wind River Mts.; USA, Wyoming DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-0046-x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of a defensin in bark and fruit tissues of peach and antimicrobial activity of a recombinant defensin in the yeast, Pichia pastoris AN - 19835500; 6619260 AB - Herein the cloning and characterization of a defensin gene (PpDfn1) from a cDNA library made from peach (Prunus persica[L.] Batsch) winter bark tissues is described. A partial clone obtained from the library was extended to full length by 5' Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE). The open reading frame of 237 bp codes for a 79 amino acid peptide related to the defensin family of proteins. Sequence comparison of the encoded protein using blast analysis revealed significant homology to defensins from other plant species. RNA gel blot analysis indicated that the gene is seasonally expressed in bark tissues of 1-year-old shoots, and is also expressed in early fruit development. Results of quantitative RT-PCR and protein blot analysis were similar to those of RNA gel blot analyses for the bark tissues. A recombinant version, rDFN1 was expressed in the yeast, Pichia pastoris. It was found that rDFN1 inhibited germination of the fungal pathogens Penicillium expansum and Botrytis cinerea, but not the Gram-negative bacterium Erwinia amylovora. The potential physiological role of PpDFN1 and its antimicrobial properties are discussed. JF - Physiologia Plantarum AU - Wisniewski, Michael E AU - Bassett, Carole L AU - Artlip, Timothy S AU - Webb, Robert P AU - Janisiewicz, Wojciech J AU - Norelli, John L AU - Goldway, Martin AU - Droby, Samir AD - Appalachian Fruit Research Station, USDA-ARS, 45 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA, mwisniew@afrs.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 563 EP - 572 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road Oxford OX4 2DQ UK, [URL:http://www.blackwellpublishing.com] VL - 119 IS - 4 SN - 0031-9317, 0031-9317 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Immunology Abstracts KW - Germination KW - Fruits KW - Antimicrobial activity KW - Amino acids KW - Bark KW - Pathogens KW - Penicillium expansum KW - Prunus KW - Antimicrobial agents KW - Shoots KW - Defensins KW - Homology KW - RNA KW - Botrytis cinerea KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Pichia pastoris KW - Erwinia amylovora KW - Open reading frames KW - A 01380:Plant Protection, Fungicides & Seed Treatments KW - J 02420:Plant Diseases KW - F 06910:Microorganisms & Parasites KW - K 03310:Genetics & Taxonomy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19835500?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physiologia+Plantarum&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+a+defensin+in+bark+and+fruit+tissues+of+peach+and+antimicrobial+activity+of+a+recombinant+defensin+in+the+yeast%2C+Pichia+pastoris&rft.au=Wisniewski%2C+Michael+E%3BBassett%2C+Carole+L%3BArtlip%2C+Timothy+S%3BWebb%2C+Robert+P%3BJanisiewicz%2C+Wojciech+J%3BNorelli%2C+John+L%3BGoldway%2C+Martin%3BDroby%2C+Samir&rft.aulast=Wisniewski&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=119&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=563&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Physiologia+Plantarum&rft.issn=00319317&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1399-3054.2003.00204.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Figures, 10; tables, 1; references, 38. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Germination; Fruits; Antimicrobial activity; Amino acids; Bark; Pathogens; Antimicrobial agents; Shoots; Defensins; RNA; Homology; Polymerase chain reaction; Open reading frames; Botrytis cinerea; Pichia pastoris; Erwinia amylovora; Penicillium expansum; Prunus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1399-3054.2003.00204.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using biotechnology to enhance host resistance to aflatoxin contamination of corn AN - 19790767; 7662008 AB - Host resistance is the most widely explored strategy for eliminating aflatoxin contamination by Aspergillus flavus. Breeding strategies for developing resistant corn germplasm have been enhanced by the development of new screening tools for field inoculation and for laboratory screening. RFLP analysis of corn populations has highlighted the possibility that different resistance traits can be successfully pyramided into agronomically useful germplasm, while proteomics has impacted the identification of proteins associated with resistance (RAPs). The identification of RAPs has also been enhanced by the discovery of near-isogenic corn lines in progeny generated in a West African breeding program. The characterization of genes of the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway has provided a foundation for a genomics investigation aimed at understanding the biochemical function and genetic regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis. Successful inhibition of aflatoxin elaboration may require not only the action of antifungal compounds, but of compounds that block biosynthesis of toxins as well. JF - African Journal of Biotechnology AU - Brown, R L AU - Chen, Z-Y AU - Menkir, A AU - Cleveland, TE AD - Southern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA, rbrown@srrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 557 EP - 562 VL - 2 IS - 12 SN - 1684-5315, 1684-5315 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - Contamination KW - Germplasm KW - Aflatoxins KW - Plant breeding KW - Inoculation KW - Progeny KW - genomics KW - proteomics KW - Toxins KW - X 24370:Natural Toxins KW - W 30930:Agricultural Applications KW - K 03320:Cell Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19790767?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=African+Journal+of+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Using+biotechnology+to+enhance+host+resistance+to+aflatoxin+contamination+of+corn&rft.au=Brown%2C+R+L%3BChen%2C+Z-Y%3BMenkir%2C+A%3BCleveland%2C+TE&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=557&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=African+Journal+of+Biotechnology&rft.issn=16845315&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Contamination; Germplasm; Inoculation; Plant breeding; Aflatoxins; Progeny; proteomics; genomics; Toxins; Aspergillus flavus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A framework for profiling a lake's riparian area development potential AN - 19723898; 5783663 AB - Some of the greatest challenges for managing residential development occur at the interface between the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems-in a lake's riparian area. Land use planners need a framework they can use to identify development hotspots, areas were the next push for development will most likely occur. Lake riparian development profiles provide a framework for linking ecological and social factors important to development. In a test of this framework in northern Minnesota, researchers identified seven constructs influencing riparian area development: current general development, current housing development, and availability, accessibility, suitability, aesthetics, and proximity to services. Profiles display a lake's value for each construct relative to the range of values for all lakes in the county. Maps, developed using indicators for several constructs, allow us to identify how the factors interact and are dispersed across the landscape. These profiles help policy makers, planners, and managers identify lakes that are potential development hotspots so they can take timely steps to manage development or control the impacts of development. JF - Journal of Environmental Management AU - Jakes, P J AU - Schlichting, C AU - Anderson, D H AD - USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 1992 Folwell Avenue, St Paul, MN 55108, USA, pjakes@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - December 2003 SP - 391 EP - 400 VL - 69 IS - 4 SN - 0301-4797, 0301-4797 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Land Use KW - hot spots KW - Development projects KW - Resource management KW - Housing KW - Development potential KW - Hot spots KW - Interfaces KW - Indicators KW - Freshwater KW - Maps KW - Lakes KW - Riparian environments KW - Environmental Policy KW - housing developments KW - Materials Testing KW - Policies KW - Riparian zone KW - Construction KW - Landscape KW - Profiling KW - USA, Minnesota KW - Land use KW - Profiles KW - D 04700:Management KW - Q1 08464:Other aquatic communities KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 4050:Water law and institutions KW - Q5 08522:Protective measures and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19723898?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=A+framework+for+profiling+a+lake%27s+riparian+area+development+potential&rft.au=Jakes%2C+P+J%3BSchlichting%2C+C%3BAnderson%2C+D+H&rft.aulast=Jakes&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=391&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Management&rft.issn=03014797&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jenvman.2003.09.016 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Development projects; Resource management; Policies; Development potential; Riparian zone; Construction; Hot spots; Profiling; Land use; hot spots; Lakes; Landscape; Riparian environments; housing developments; Land Use; Housing; Profiles; Interfaces; Indicators; Environmental Policy; Materials Testing; Maps; USA, Minnesota; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2003.09.016 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mortality Patterns Following Spurce Budworm Infestation in Unprotected Spruce-Fir Forests in Maine AN - 19650547; 7399569 AB - Cumulative and annual mortality of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) and balsam fir [Abies balsamea (L) Mill.] were examined over a 10 yr period to follow the mortality patterns in unprotected spruce-fir forests in northern Maine. Different mortality patterns were determined based on stand composition classes and merchantability classes. In general, balsam fir was more vulnerable to budworm attack, and reached 92-100% basal area mortality and 84-97% stem density mortality 12 yr after the start of the outbreak. Red spruce, in contrast, had approximately 32-59% basal area mortality and 30-66% stem density mortality during the same time period. Balsam fir mortality started 1 to 2 yr before spruce, while spruce mortality continued 2 to 3 yr after fir mortality was completed. Higher mortality was found in smaller trees than sawtimber-sized trees. Stands with hardwood components (30-70% in basal area) had the lowest mortality rate for both species. Furthermore, Schnute growth function (Schnute 1981) was used to characterize the cumulative mortality trajectories after the defoliation of spruce and fir by stand composition classes. The models estimated the time when annual mortality achieved maximum, the cumulative mortality at that time, and the asymptotic mortality over a long time period after the start of the attack. The information can provide guidelines for predicting protection strategies and scheduling salvage harvests. JF - Northern Journal of Applied Forestry AU - Solomon, D S AU - Zhang, L AU - Brann, T B AU - Larrick, D S AD - Deceased Northeastern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 640 Durham, NH, 03824 Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 148 EP - 153 VL - 20 IS - 4 SN - 0742-6348, 0742-6348 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Trees KW - hardwoods KW - Forests KW - outbreaks KW - Pest outbreaks KW - Hardwoods KW - Models KW - Picea rubens KW - guidelines KW - USA, Maine KW - Defoliation KW - Abies balsamea KW - Forestry KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - Z 05350:Medical, Veterinary, and Agricultural Entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19650547?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northern+Journal+of+Applied+Forestry&rft.atitle=Mortality+Patterns+Following+Spurce+Budworm+Infestation+in+Unprotected+Spruce-Fir+Forests+in+Maine&rft.au=Solomon%2C+D+S%3BZhang%2C+L%3BBrann%2C+T+B%3BLarrick%2C+D+S&rft.aulast=Solomon&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=148&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northern+Journal+of+Applied+Forestry&rft.issn=07426348&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mortality; Trees; Forests; Defoliation; Pest outbreaks; Hardwoods; Models; Forestry; guidelines; hardwoods; outbreaks; Picea rubens; Abies balsamea; USA, Maine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optimization procedure for cost effective BMP placement at a watershed scale AN - 19405199; 5829626 AB - A combinatorial optimization procedure for best management practice (BMP) placement at the watershed level facilitates selection of cost effective BMP scenarios to control nonpoint source (NPS) pollution. A genetic algorithm (GA) was selected from among several optimization heuristics. The GA combines an optimization component written in the C++ language with spatially variable NPS pollution prediction and economic analysis components written within the ArcView geographic information system. The procedure is modular in design, allowing for component modifications while maintaining the basic conceptual framework. An objective function was developed to lexicographically optimize pollution reduction followed by cost increase. Scenario cost effectiveness is then calculated for scenario comparisons. The NPS pollutant fitness score allows for evaluation of multiple pollutants, based on prioritization of each pollutant. The economic component considers farm level public and private costs, cost distribution, and land area requirements. Development of a sediment transport function, used with the Universal Soil Loss Equation, allows the optimization procedure to run within a reasonable timeframe. The procedure identifies multiple near optimal solutions, providing an indication of which fields have a more critical impact on overall cost effectiveness and flexibility in the final solution selected for implementation. The procedure was demonstrated for a 1,014-ha watershed in the Ridge and Valley physiographic region of Virginia. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Veith, T L AU - Wolfe, M L AU - Heatwole, C D AD - USDA-ARS Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, 3702 Curtin Road, University Park, PA 16802-3702, USA, Tamie.Veith@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - December 2003 SP - 1331 EP - 1343 VL - 39 IS - 6 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - USA, Virginia KW - best management practices KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water Management KW - Algorithms KW - Water resources KW - Watershed Management KW - Freshwater KW - Watersheds KW - ANW, USA, Virginia KW - Costs KW - Water Pollution Control KW - Planning KW - Economics KW - Sediment transport KW - River basin management KW - Mathematical models KW - Case Studies KW - Nonpoint Pollution Sources KW - Best Management Practices KW - Algorithm KW - Nonpoint pollution KW - Cost Analysis KW - Water pollution KW - Water pollution control KW - Performance Evaluation KW - Economic analysis KW - Optimization KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19405199?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Optimization+procedure+for+cost+effective+BMP+placement+at+a+watershed+scale&rft.au=Veith%2C+T+L%3BWolfe%2C+M+L%3BHeatwole%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Veith&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1331&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Costs; Mathematical models; Economic analysis; Water resources; Sediment transport; Watersheds; River basin management; Water pollution; Water pollution control; Economics; Nonpoint pollution; Water Pollution Control; Water Management; Case Studies; Nonpoint Pollution Sources; Algorithm; Optimization; Performance Evaluation; Planning; Algorithms; Best Management Practices; Watershed Management; Cost Analysis; ANW, USA, Virginia; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of Acoustic Doppler current profilers to describe velocity distributions at the reach scale AN - 19401366; 5829631 AB - Research has demonstrated the utility of metrics based on spatial velocity gradients to characterize and describe stream habitat, with higher mean spatial gradients indicative of higher levels of physical heterogeneity and thus habitat quality. However, detailed description of the velocity field that is needed to compute these metrics is difficult to obtain. Acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) may be used to rapidly collect detailed representations of river depth and velocity fields in rivers deeper than 1 m. Such data were collected in March 2000 from cross sections of the Little Tallahatchie River, Mississippi, representing three distinct habitat types (naturally sinuous, channelized, and abandoned channel). These datasets were used to compute component velocities, vorticity, and area weighted mean vorticity (circulation). Velocities and circulation were highest in the meander, lowest in the abandoned channel, and intermediate in the channelized reach. Secondary flow, expressed as the average magnitude of the lateral (transverse) velocity divided by the total velocity, was significantly higher in the meander. The sinuous natural channel and abandoned channel displayed distinctive spatial patterns, with regions of depressed velocity consistently occurring near banks. ADCPs hold great potential as tools for the study of riverine ecosystems, but data reduction is difficult using existing software. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Shields, FD Jr AU - Knight, S S AU - Testa, S III AU - Cooper, C M AD - USDA-ARS, National Sedimentation Laboratory, P.O. Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655-1157, USA, dshields@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - December 2003 SP - 1397 EP - 1408 VL - 39 IS - 6 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - USA, Mississippi, Little Tallahatchie R. KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Hydrodynamics KW - Instrumentation KW - Current profiles KW - Measuring Instruments KW - Ecological distribution KW - Water resources KW - Doppler sonar KW - Data reduction KW - Streams KW - Profilers KW - Habitats KW - Flow Characteristics KW - Velocity gradients KW - Channel Morphology KW - Data Collections KW - Circulation KW - Velocity KW - Velocity Distribution KW - Current measuring equipment KW - Water Circulation KW - USA, Mississippi KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - Q2 09201:General KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19401366?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Use+of+Acoustic+Doppler+current+profilers+to+describe+velocity+distributions+at+the+reach+scale&rft.au=Shields%2C+FD+Jr%3BKnight%2C+S+S%3BTesta%2C+S+III%3BCooper%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Shields&rft.aufirst=FD&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1397&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Current profiles; Velocity gradients; Current measuring equipment; Ecological distribution; Water resources; Doppler sonar; Data reduction; Profilers; Habitats; Instrumentation; Hydrodynamics; Circulation; Velocity; Streams; Data Collections; Flow Characteristics; Measuring Instruments; Water Circulation; Velocity Distribution; Channel Morphology; USA, Mississippi ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methane Emissions of Rice Increased by Elevated Carbon Dioxide and Temperature AN - 19399262; 5864423 AB - Methane (CH sub(4)) effluxes by paddy-culture rice (Oryza sativa L.) contribute about 16% of the total anthropogenic emissions. Since radiative forcing of CH sub(4) at current atmospheric concentrations is 21 times greater on a per mole basis than that of carbon dioxide (CO sub(2)), it is imperative that the impact of global change on rice CH sub(4) emissions be evaluated. Rice (cv. IR72) was planted in sunlit, closed-circulation, controlled-environment chambers in which CH sub(4) efflux densities were measured daily. The CO sub(2) concentration was maintained at either 330 or 660 mu mol mol super(-1). Air temperatures were controlled to daily maxima and minima of 32/23, 35/26, and 38/29 degree C at each CO sub(2) treatment. Emissions of CH sub(4) each day were determined during a 4-h period after venting and resealing the chambers at 0800 h. Diurnal CH sub(4) effluxes on 77, 98, and 119 d after planting (DAP) were obtained similarly at 4-h intervals. Emissions over four-plant hills and over flooded bare soil were measured at 53, 63, and 100 DAP. Emissions were negligible before 40 DAP. Thereafter, emissions were observed first in high-CO sub(2), high-temperature treatments and reached a sustained maximum efflux density of about 7 mg m super(-2) h super(-1) (0.17 g m super(-2) d super(-1)) near the end of the growing season. Total seasonal CH sub(4) emission was fourfold greater for high-CO sub(2), high-temperature treatments than for the low-CO sub(2), low-temperature treatment, probably due to more root sloughing or exudates, since about sixfold more acetate was found in the soil at 71 DAP. Both rising CO sub(2) and increasing temperatures could lead to a positive feedback on global warming by increasing the emissions of CH sub(4) from rice. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Allen, LH Jr AU - Albrecht, S L AU - Colon-Guasp, W AU - Covell, SA AU - Baker, J T AU - Pan, D AU - Boote, K J AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service and Agronomy Department, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110965, Gainesville, FL 32611-0965, USA, lhajr@mail.ifas.ufl.edu Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 1978 EP - 1991 VL - 32 IS - 6 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Methane KW - Growing season KW - Climatic changes KW - Temperature KW - Positive feedback KW - Atmospheric pollution by motor vehicles KW - Methane in the atmosphere KW - Radiative forcing KW - Rice fields KW - Emission measurements KW - Methane emission KW - Global warming KW - Environmental quality KW - Methane emissions KW - Carbon dioxide KW - M2 551.510.42:Air Pollution (551.510.42) KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19399262?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Methane+Emissions+of+Rice+Increased+by+Elevated+Carbon+Dioxide+and+Temperature&rft.au=Allen%2C+LH+Jr%3BAlbrecht%2C+S+L%3BColon-Guasp%2C+W%3BCovell%2C+SA%3BBaker%2C+J+T%3BPan%2C+D%3BBoote%2C+K+J&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=LH&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1978&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Methane in the atmosphere; Growing season; Radiative forcing; Methane emission; Environmental quality; Global warming; Positive feedback; Methane emissions; Carbon dioxide; Atmospheric pollution by motor vehicles; Methane; Rice fields; Climatic changes; Emission measurements; Temperature ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The probable center of origin of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici VCG 0033 AN - 19253910; 5836963 AB - Isolates of the tomato wilt pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, predominantly from commercial tomato fields in Florida and southwestern Georgia, were characterized using vegetative compatibility grouping (VCG), nuclear restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and virulence. All field isolates that could be grouped into VCG belonged to VCG 0033. This VCG was first described by Marlatt et al. in 1996 for isolates from northern Florida, Arkansas, and North Carolina. This study demonstrates that VCG 0033 is also widespread in central and southern Florida, in addition to southwestern Georgia, and also was found to be present in Puerto Rico. Population genetic and phylogenetic analyses of 121 isolates indicated that molecular diversity among VCG 0033 isolates was by far the highest in Manatee County, FL, suggesting it to be the probable center of origin of this relatively newly described VCG. Virulence tests with a subset of isolates identified all VCG 0033 isolates as race 3, although differences in aggressiveness were observed among tested isolates, independent of resistance genes in the differential cultivars. The widespread VCG 0030 of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici was not present in our field collections. This was unexpected, as strains from Florida isolated prior to 1990 were predominantly VCG 0030. This would suggest that VCG 0033 has replaced VCG 0030 in recent years in commercial tomato fields of Florida and southwestern Georgia. JF - Plant Disease AU - Gale, L R AU - Katan, T AU - Kistler, H C AD - USDA-ARS, Cereal Disease Laboratory, and Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108, lianeg@umn.edu Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 1433 EP - 1438 VL - 87 IS - 12 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - tomato KW - Tomato wilt KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Phylogeny KW - USA, Florida KW - Genotyping KW - Restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - Fusarium oxysporum KW - Virulence KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - Wilt KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01024:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19253910?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=The+probable+center+of+origin+of+Fusarium+oxysporum+f.+sp.+lycopersici+VCG+0033&rft.au=Gale%2C+L+R%3BKatan%2C+T%3BKistler%2C+H+C&rft.aulast=Gale&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1433&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lycopersicon esculentum; Fusarium oxysporum; USA, Florida; Wilt; Genotyping; Phylogeny; Virulence; Restriction fragment length polymorphism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - No Effect of Pre-exercise Meal on Substrate Metabolism and Time Trial Performance During Intense Endurance Exercise AN - 19251186; 5812535 AB - To determine the effect of macronutrient composition of pre-exercise meals on exercise metabolism and performance, 8 trained men exercised for 30 min above lactate threshold (30LT), followed by a 20-km time trial (TT). Approximately 3.5 h before exercise, subjects consumed a carbohydrate meal (C; 3 g carbohydrate/kg), an isoenergetic fat meal (F; 1.3 g fat/kg), or a placebo meal (P; no energy content) on 3 separate occasions in randomized order. Treatments had no effect on carbohydrate oxidation during exercise, but C decreased whole-body fat oxidation during the last 5 min of 30LT and TT, respectively (3.2 plus or minus 1.6 and 4.8 plus or minus 2.1 mu mol times kg super(-1) times min super(-1), p .05). We conclude that the consumption of a pre-exercise meal has minor effects on fat oxidation during high-intensity exercise, and no effect on carbohydrate oxidation or TT performance. JF - International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism AU - Paul, D AU - Jacobs, KA AU - Geor, R J AU - Hinchcliff, K W AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Building 308, Center Rd., Beltsville, MD 20770, USA Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 489 EP - 503 PB - Human Kinetics Publishers VL - 13 IS - 4 SN - 1526-484X, 1526-484X KW - Physical Education Index KW - Training KW - Men KW - Muscles KW - Lactic acid KW - Endurance KW - Performance KW - Diet KW - Exercise KW - Nutrition KW - Metabolism KW - PE 090:Sports Medicine & Exercise Sport Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19251186?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Sport+Nutrition+and+Exercise+Metabolism&rft.atitle=No+Effect+of+Pre-exercise+Meal+on+Substrate+Metabolism+and+Time+Trial+Performance+During+Intense+Endurance+Exercise&rft.au=Paul%2C+D%3BJacobs%2C+KA%3BGeor%2C+R+J%3BHinchcliff%2C+K+W&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=489&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Sport+Nutrition+and+Exercise+Metabolism&rft.issn=1526484X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Exercise; Diet; Metabolism; Performance; Endurance; Nutrition; Men; Training; Lactic acid; Muscles ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Leaf Litter on Phosphorus Retention and Hydrological Properties at a First Order Stream in Northeast Oklahoma, USA AN - 19242395; 5801466 AB - We examined the relationship between phosphorus (P) uptake length (S sub(w)) measured by stable PO sub(4) additions and the level of PO sub(4) enrichment from the additions during summer and fall in a first order stream in the southwestern portion of the Ozark Plateaus in northeast Oklahoma, USA. The y-intercept of this relation was used to more closely approximate ambient S sub(w) and other metrics of P retention efficiency during summer and fall and determine the effect of leaf litter input on P retention efficiency and hydrological properties. Under similar discharge, the presence of the leaf litter during fall decreased water velocity and the dispersion coefficient, while the transient storage area increased compared to summer. An increase in S sub(w) was generally observed with an increase in the level of P enrichment, and the linear relation (y-intercept) estimated S sub(w) at 117 and 86 m during summer and fall. The slope of the linear relation was variable because a 5 mu g L super(-1) increase in P enrichment resulted in a 27 and 5 m increase in S sub(w) estimation during summer and fall. Overall, the input of leaf litter into the stream had a relatively small effect on S sub(w), but our results suggest P retention was slightly greater during fall compared to summer. JF - Journal of Freshwater Ecology AU - Haggard, B E AU - Storm, DE AD - USDA-ARS-PPPSRU, 203 Engineering Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA, haggard@uark.edu Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - December 2003 SP - 557 EP - 565 VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0270-5060, 0270-5060 KW - Fall KW - Summer KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Rivers KW - Plantae KW - Organic matter KW - Phosphorus KW - Freshwater KW - Streams KW - Nutrient cycles KW - Phosphorus cycle KW - USA, Oklahoma KW - Leaf litter KW - USA, Ozark Plateau KW - Stream flow rate KW - Fluvial transport KW - Hydrology KW - Seasonal variations KW - D 04310:Freshwater KW - Q2 09185:Organic compounds KW - Q1 08482:Ecosystems and energetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19242395?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Freshwater+Ecology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Leaf+Litter+on+Phosphorus+Retention+and+Hydrological+Properties+at+a+First+Order+Stream+in+Northeast+Oklahoma%2C+USA&rft.au=Haggard%2C+B+E%3BStorm%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Haggard&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=557&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Freshwater+Ecology&rft.issn=02705060&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Leaf litter; Organic matter; Fluvial transport; Phosphorus; Stream flow rate; Hydrology; Nutrient cycles; Seasonal variations; Streams; Phosphorus cycle; Plantae; USA, Oklahoma; USA, Ozark Plateau; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Prey Species on Plant Feeding Behavior by the Big-Eyed Bug, Geocoris Punctipes (Say) (Heteroptera: Geocoridae), on Cotton AN - 19237972; 5808679 AB - The effect of prey species on plant feeding behavior by Geocoris punctipes (Say) females was determined by observing prey and plant feeding behavior on cotton plants for three prey treatments: 1) corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), eggs, 2) H. zea first instars, and 3) cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, adults. Feeding behavior of individual G. punctipes females was observed in the laboratory using caged cotton terminals with prey on the leaves. A. gossypii adults were less acceptable to G. punctipes females as prey than H. zea eggs and first instars. Female G. punctipes fed much less on cotton plants than prey when more acceptable prey, H. zea eggs and first instars, were available but exhibited no feeding preference for the cotton plant versus prey when less acceptable prey, A. gossypii adults, were available. Nevertheless, because G. punctipes females fed on cotton plants regardless of acceptability of prey even in the presence of abundant prey, we conclude that plant feeding is an integral part of the feeding behavior of G. punctipes in cotton. Conservation of G. punctipes by reducing applications of insecticides that are toxic to these predators when they feed on insecticide-treated foliage or by providing nutritionally good plant resources could increase their effectiveness as natural enemies of H. zea and other pests in cotton. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Tillman, P G AU - Mullinix, B G Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 1399 EP - 1403 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 32 IS - 6 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Hemiptera KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - Host plants KW - Geocoris punctipes KW - Feeding behavior KW - Prey KW - Geocoridae KW - Y 25493:Insects KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19237972?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Prey+Species+on+Plant+Feeding+Behavior+by+the+Big-Eyed+Bug%2C+Geocoris+Punctipes+%28Say%29+%28Heteroptera%3A+Geocoridae%29%2C+on+Cotton&rft.au=Tillman%2C+P+G%3BMullinix%2C+B+G&rft.aulast=Tillman&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1399&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282003%29032%281399%3AEOPSOP%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0046-225X&volume=32&page=1399 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Geocoridae; Geocoris punctipes; Feeding behavior; Host plants; Prey DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2003)032(1399:EOPSOP)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the specificity of Salmonella PCR primers using various intestinal bacterial species AN - 19236774; 5782185 AB - Nine sets of PCR primers targeting Salmonella were evaluated for their specificity with pure cultures of intestinal-associated bacteria prior to their application to Salmonella detection in faecal samples. Gene targets of PCR primers included: 16S rDNA, a Salmonella pathogenicity island I virulence gene, Salmonella enterotoxin gene (stn), invA gene, Fur-regulated gene, histidine transport operon, junction between SipB and SipC virulence genes, Salmonella-specific repetitive DNA fragment, and multiplex targeting invA gene and spvC gene of the virulence plasmid. Fifty-two Salmonella strains were used to determine sensitivity; five strains from related genera and 45 intestinal bacteria were used to evaluate specificity. All primers amplified DNA from Salmonella strains, although two primer sets failed to amplify Salmonella DNA from either Salmonella bongori (hilA) or subgroups VI or VII (16S rDNA). There was no detected amplification of DNA from related bacterial genera with any of nine PCR assays. Six of the PCR assays amplified DNA for some intestinal bacteria. Only three primer pairs were determined to be suitable for application of PCR amplification of Salmonella in faecal samples - 16S rDNA, stn and histidine transport operon. We are currently evaluating their sensitivity of detection of Salmonella in faecal samples. This study demonstrated the importance of internal lab validation of PCR primers prior to application to the type of samples of interest. Information from this evaluation can be applied in other labs to facilitate choosing Salmonella PCR primers. JF - Letters in Applied Microbiology AU - Ziemer, C AU - Steadham, S AD - Swine Odor and Manure Management Research Unit, National Swine Research and Information Center, ARS, USDA, Ames, IA, USA, ziemer@nsric.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 463 EP - 469 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 37 IS - 6 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Virulence KW - Sensitivity KW - Culture KW - Specificity KW - Detection KW - Intestine KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Primers KW - Operons KW - Plasmids KW - Salmonella KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19236774?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+specificity+of+Salmonella+PCR+primers+using+various+intestinal+bacterial+species&rft.au=Ziemer%2C+C%3BSteadham%2C+S&rft.aulast=Ziemer&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=463&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1472-765X.2003.01430.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Virulence; Sensitivity; Culture; Specificity; Detection; Intestine; Polymerase chain reaction; Primers; Plasmids; Operons; Salmonella DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-765X.2003.01430.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variable Population Growth of Varroa Destructor (Mesostigmata: Varroidae) in Colonies of Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) During a 10-Year Period AN - 19230042; 5808667 AB - We measured significant variation in the instantaneous growth rates for varroa mites, Varroa destructor (Anderson & Trueman) from 1993 to 2002 in Baton Rouge, LA. Mite population growth was monitored in colonies of honey bees, Apis mellifera L., with queens from miscellaneous U.S. sources that had not been selectively bred for varroa resistance. Mite populations were measured at the beginning and end of short field tests that started in the late spring of each year. Analyses of multiple regression showed that only the first two of the following regressors were linear predictors of r , the instantaneous growth rate: 1) percentage of reproducing female mites, 2) proportion of total mites in capped brood, 3) mortality of mites in brood cells, 4) growth of the bee population, 5) capped brood area at the end of a test, and 6) duration of the test. Analysis of commonality indicated that the percentage of reproducing female mites explained approximately 26% of the total variation in r , and the proportion of total mites in capped brood explained 6%. The joint expression of both variables accounted for another 4%. Thus, residual error reflected most of the total variation in r , which suggested possible climatic or environmental effects on mite growth. The lowest growth rates occurred in three consecutive years of drought in Louisiana. Measures of ambient temperature and relative humidity correlated to growth of mite populations among different years. Reduced growth rates were probably the result of diminished reproductive rates by varroa mites during periods of hot and dry weather. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Harris, J W AU - Harbo, J R AU - Villa, J D AU - Danka, R G AD - USDA-ARS Honey Bee Breeding, Genetics and Physiology Laboratory, 1157 Ben Hur Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 1305 EP - 1312 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 32 IS - 6 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Acari KW - Hymenoptera KW - Bumble bees KW - Honeybee mite KW - Honey bee KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Growth rate KW - Population growth KW - Apis mellifera KW - Parasite resistance KW - Varroa destructor KW - Colonies KW - Varroidae KW - USA, Louisiana KW - Host-parasite interactions KW - Apidae KW - D 04660:Arachnids KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19230042?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Variable+Population+Growth+of+Varroa+Destructor+%28Mesostigmata%3A+Varroidae%29+in+Colonies+of+Honey+Bees+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Apidae%29+During+a+10-Year+Period&rft.au=Harris%2C+J+W%3BHarbo%2C+J+R%3BVilla%2C+J+D%3BDanka%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1305&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282003%29032%281305%3AVPGOVD%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0046-225X&volume=32&page=1305 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Varroidae; Apidae; Varroa destructor; Apis mellifera; USA, Louisiana; Population growth; Growth rate; Host-parasite interactions; Parasite resistance; Colonies DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2003)032(1305:VPGOVD)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nonlethal Techniques for Managing Predation: Primary and Secondary Repellents AN - 19227351; 5782351 AB - Conservation biology requires the development of practical tools and techniques to minimize conflicts arising from human modification of ecosystems. We applied behavioral theory of primary and secondary repellents to predator management by using aversive stimulus devices (electronic training collars) and disruptive stimulus devices (behavior-contingent audio and visual repellents) in a multipredator (Canis lupus, Haliaeetus leucocephalus, Ursus spp.) study in the United States. We examined fladry and a newly developed disruptive stimulus device contingent upon behavior on six wolf territories in Wisconsin, (U.S.A.) and determined that the disruptive stimulus device gave the greatest degree of protection from predation. We also compared the efficacy of a primary repellent (disruptive stimulus device) versus a secondary repellent (electronic training collars) to keep captive wolves from consuming a food source. Disruptive stimulus devices effectively prevented captive wolves from consuming the food resource, but did not produce an aversion to that food resource. With training collars, logistical and behavioral variability limited our ability to condition wolves. Our studies highlight the complexity of application of nonlethal techniques in real-world situations.Original Abstract: La biologia de la conservacion requiere del desarrollo de herramientas y tecnicas practicas para minimizar los conflictos derivados de la modificacion de ecosistemas por humanos. Aplicamos la teoria conductual de repelentes primarios y secundarios a la gestion de depredadores por medio de dispositivos de estimulos de aversion (collares electronicos de entrenamiento) y dispositivos de estimulos disruptivos (repelentes conducta-contingentes visuales y auditivos) en un estudio de depredadores multiples (Canis lupus, Haliaeetus leucocephalus, Ursus spp.) en los Estados Unidos. Examinamos fladry y un dispositivo de estimulos disruptivos recientemente desarrollado en seis territorios de lobos en Wisconsin (E.U.A.) y determinamos que el dispositivo de estimulos disruptivos proporciono el mayor grado de proteccion a la depredacion. Tambien comparamos la eficacia de un repelente primario (dispositivo de estimulo disruptivo) versus un repelente secundario (collares electronicos de entrenamiento) para impedir que lobos cautivos consumieran una fuente de alimento. Los dispositivos de estimulos disruptivos previnieron eficientemente que los lobos cautivos consumieran el recurso alimenticio, pero no produjeron aversion a esa fuente de alimento. Con los collares de entrenamiento, la variabilidad logistica y conductual limito nuestra capacidad para condicionar a los lobos. Nuestros estudios resaltan la complejidad de la aplicacion de tecnicas no letales en situaciones reales. JF - Conservation Biology AU - Shivik, JA AU - Treves, A AU - Callahan, P AD - Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center and Utah State University, Room 163 BNR Building, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322 U.S.A., john.shivik@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 1531 EP - 1537 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 17 IS - 6 SN - 0888-8892, 0888-8892 KW - Gray wolf KW - Bald eagle KW - Bears KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Haliaeetus leucocephalus KW - Wildlife management KW - Repellents KW - Predation KW - Conservation KW - USA, Wisconsin KW - Canis lupus KW - Ursus KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19227351?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Conservation+Biology&rft.atitle=Nonlethal+Techniques+for+Managing+Predation%3A+Primary+and+Secondary+Repellents&rft.au=Shivik%2C+JA%3BTreves%2C+A%3BCallahan%2C+P&rft.aulast=Shivik&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1531&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Conservation+Biology&rft.issn=08888892&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1523-1739.2003.00062.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Canis lupus; Haliaeetus leucocephalus; Ursus; USA, Wisconsin; Predation; Wildlife management; Conservation; Repellents DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2003.00062.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of malic acid on the growth kinetics of Lactobacillus plantarum AN - 19227088; 5807925 AB - The fermentation kinetics of Lactobacillus plantarum were studied in a specially designed broth formulated from commercially available, dehydrated components (yeast extract, trypticase, ammonium sulfate) in batch and continuous culture. During batch growth in the absence of malic acid, the specific growth rate was 0.20 h super(-1). Malic acid in the medium, at 2 mM or 10 mM, increased the specific growth rate of L. plantarum to 0.34 h super(-1). An increase in the maximum cell yield due to malic acid also was observed. Malic acid in the medium (12 mM) reduced the non-growth-associated (maintenance energy) coefficient and increased the biomass yield in continuous culture, based on calculations from the Luedeking and Piret model. The biomass yield coefficient was estimated as 27.4 mg or 34.3 mg cells mmol super(-1) hexose in the absence or presence of malic acid, respectively. The maintenance coefficient was estimated as 3.5 mmol or 1.5 mmol hexose mg super(-1) cell h super(-1) in the absence or presence of malic acid. These results clearly demonstrate the energy-sparing effect of malic acid on the growth- and non-growth-associated energy requirements for L. plantarum. The quantitative energy-sparing effect of malic acid on L. plantarum has heretofore not been reported, to our knowledge. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Passos, F V AU - Fleming, H P AU - Hassan, H M AU - McFeeters, R F AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, and North Carolina Agricultural Research Service, Department of Food Science, N.C. State University, NC 27695-7624, Raleigh, USA, fvpassos@ufv.br Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 207 EP - 211 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 63 IS - 2 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - malic acid KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Growth rate KW - Fermentation KW - Lactobacillus plantarum KW - Kinetics KW - Biomass KW - Batch culture KW - A 01015:Fermentation & related processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19227088?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+malic+acid+on+the+growth+kinetics+of+Lactobacillus+plantarum&rft.au=Passos%2C+F+V%3BFleming%2C+H+P%3BHassan%2C+H+M%3BMcFeeters%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Passos&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=207&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00253-003-1375-7 L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00253/bibs/3063002/30630207.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Growth rate; Fermentation; Kinetics; Biomass; Batch culture; Lactobacillus plantarum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-003-1375-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variation in fecundity and other reproductive traits in freshwater mussels AN - 19227026; 5782096 AB - Life histories of the highly diverse and endangered North American freshwater mussel fauna are poorly known. We investigated reproductive traits of eight riverine mussel species in Alabama and Mississippi, U.S.A.: Amblema plicata, Elliptio arca, Fusconaia cerina, Lampsilis ornata, Obliquaria reflexa, Pleurobema decisum, Quadrula asperata and Q. pustulosa, and compare our results with existing life history information for other species.These eight species had reproductive traits characteristic of large, outcrossing populations: hermaphrodites were rare, we found no evidence of protandry, and sex ratios were even or slightly male-biased.Age at sexual maturity varied among species, ranging from <1 to 2 years for L. ornata to 3-9 years for Q. asperata. In all species, most mature females participated in reproduction and fertilisation success was high. 5. Fecundity was related positively to both length and age, but length was the best predictor. In six species, fecundity increased exponentially with increasing size; in two species the rate of increase in fecundity declined in larger animals. In four species, fecundity declined in older animals. These latter results indicate weak reproductive senescence; however, in all species, older individuals continued to produce large numbers of offspring. Mean annual fecundity differed widely among species ranging from 9647 to 325 709. Within-species differences in fecundity were found among rivers and among populations within a river. 6. The wide variation in reproductive traits among species indicates the existence of widely divergent life history strategies in freshwater mussels. JF - Freshwater Biology AU - Haag, W R AU - Leann Staton, J AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Center for Bottomland Hardwoods Research, Oxford, MS, U.S.A., whaag@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 2118 EP - 2130 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 48 IS - 12 SN - 0046-5070, 0046-5070 KW - Bivalves KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Bivalvia KW - USA, Alabama KW - Fecundity KW - USA, Mississippi KW - Reproduction KW - D 04658:Molluscs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19227026?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Freshwater+Biology&rft.atitle=Variation+in+fecundity+and+other+reproductive+traits+in+freshwater+mussels&rft.au=Haag%2C+W+R%3BLeann+Staton%2C+J&rft.aulast=Haag&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2118&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Freshwater+Biology&rft.issn=00465070&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2427.2003.01155.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bivalvia; USA, Mississippi; USA, Alabama; Fecundity; Reproduction DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2003.01155.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Applying species diversity theory to land management AN - 19223391; 5806475 AB - Many theories, hypotheses, and empirical studies seek to explain patterns of species richness, turnover, and distribution/abundance (i.e., diversity patterns) at various scales, but it is often not clear how these ideas relate to one another, or how they apply across scales. Consequently, it has been difficult to use diversity theory as a basis for understanding patterns at the intermediate (landscape) scales at which biodiversity is managed. Here, we present a framework for the study and management of diversity based on the ecological processes that influence the distribution of species at different scales. We use this framework to organize diversity theories into several classes based upon how the theories link patterns of habitat occupancy, landscape distribution, and geographic range for a variety of taxa. The processes contributing to diversity patterns depend on the characteristics of the taxa considered, the spatial scales at which organisms respond to environment, and the scales and other characteristics of the particular environments in which investigators hope to explain variation in diversity. At the scales traditionally considered by land managers and conservation biologists, biodiversity is determined by processes addressed by several bodies of theory. Of necessity, management decisions aimed at biodiversity as a whole are based either implicitly or explicitly on only a subset of biodiversity (e.g., single species or functional groups). We suggest that the translation of diversity theory into conservation practice can be achieved, at present, by considering a set of questions for each case: (1) which groups of organisms will be considered, (2) how do their domains of scale relate to the land area under consideration, (3) what processes are likely to be important determinants of species distribution at management scales, and (4) how will the proposed management activities interact with these processes? We illustrate this process using an example from the Chihuahua Desert. We emphasize the value of considering species diversity theories in a pluralistic and case-specific way. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Bestelmeyer, B T AU - Miller, J R AU - Wiens, JA AD - USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, MSC 3JER, Box 30003, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 1750 EP - 1761 PB - Ecological Society of America VL - 13 IS - 6 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Deserts KW - Ecological distribution KW - Abundance KW - Species diversity KW - Ecosystem management KW - Conservation KW - Biodiversity KW - Habitat KW - Species richness KW - D 04700:Management KW - M3 1120:Land UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19223391?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fungal+genetics+and+biology+%3A+FG+%26+B&rft.atitle=Sequence+comparison+of+aflR+from+different+Aspergillus+species+provides+evidence+for+variability+in+regulation+of+aflatoxin+production.&rft.au=Ehrlich%2C+Kenneth+C%3BMontalbano%2C+Beverly+G%3BCotty%2C+Peter+J&rft.aulast=Ehrlich&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fungal+genetics+and+biology+%3A+FG+%26+B&rft.issn=10871845&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biodiversity; Species diversity; Conservation; Species richness; Abundance; Habitat; Deserts; Ecological distribution; Ecosystem management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitation of a Glyptapanteles indiensis polydnavirus gene expressed in parasitized host, Lymantria dispar, by real-time quantitative RT-PCR AN - 19221148; 5783340 AB - Glyptapanteles indiensis is a polydnavirus-carrying wasp that parasitizes early instar gypsy moth larvae. During oviposition, the wasp injects calyx fluid containing polydnavirus along with its eggs into the host. Within the host, expression of polydnavirus genes triggers a set of changes in host physiology, which are of critical importance for the survival of the wasp. In the present study, a G. indiensis polydnavirus (GiPDV) gene, represented by cDNA clone GiPDV 1.1, was selected for expression analysis in the parasitized host. The GiPDV 1.1 gene transcript was detected in host hemolymph 30min post-parasitization (pp) and continued to be detected for six days. The level of GiPDV 1.1 expression varied in different host tissues and expression in the brain was lower than in the hemolymph. The findings suggest that GiPDV 1.1 could be involved in early protection of parasitoid eggs from host cellular encapsulation. The temporal and spatial variations in PDV gene expression in different host tissues post-parasitization affirm their specific host regulation mechanism. JF - Journal of Virological Methods AU - Chen, Y P AU - Higgins, JA AU - Gundersen-Rindal, DE AD - US Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, Room 214, Building 011A BARC West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, gundersd@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 125 EP - 133 PB - Elsevier B.V. VL - 114 IS - 2 SN - 0166-0934, 0166-0934 KW - Gypsy Moth KW - PDV 1.1 gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Hemolymph KW - Glyptapanteles indiensis polydnavirus KW - Brain KW - Gene expression KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Lymantria dispar KW - A 01114:Viruses KW - V 22022:Virus assay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19221148?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.atitle=Quantitation+of+a+Glyptapanteles+indiensis+polydnavirus+gene+expressed+in+parasitized+host%2C+Lymantria+dispar%2C+by+real-time+quantitative+RT-PCR&rft.au=Chen%2C+Y+P%3BHiggins%2C+JA%3BGundersen-Rindal%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=125&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.issn=01660934&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jviromet.2003.08.010 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Glyptapanteles indiensis polydnavirus; Lymantria dispar; Gene expression; Polymerase chain reaction; Brain; Hemolymph DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2003.08.010 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bacteria engineered for fuel ethanol production: current status AN - 19217549; 5807932 AB - The lack of industrially suitable microorganisms for converting biomass into fuel ethanol has traditionally been cited as a major technical roadblock to developing a bioethanol industry. In the last two decades, numerous microorganisms have been engineered to selectively produce ethanol. Lignocellulosic biomass contains complex carbohydrates that necessitate utilizing microorganisms capable of fermenting sugars not fermentable by brewers' yeast. The most significant of these is xylose. The greatest successes have been in the engineering of Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Zymomonas mobilis. E. coli and K. oxytoca are naturally able to use a wide spectrum of sugars, and work has concentrated on engineering these strains to selectively produce ethanol. Z. mobilis produces ethanol at high yields, but ferments only glucose and fructose. Work on this organism has concentrated on introducing pathways for the fermentation of arabinose and xylose. The history of constructing these strains and current progress in refining them are detailed in this review. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Dien, B S AU - Cotta, MA AU - Jeffries, T W AD - National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 1815 North University Street, IL 61604, Peoria, USA, dienb@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 258 EP - 266 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 63 IS - 3 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - ethanol KW - fructose KW - glucose KW - Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Sugar KW - Fuels KW - Reviews KW - Escherichia coli KW - Klebsiella oxytoca KW - Carbohydrates KW - Zymomonas mobilis KW - A 01014:Others KW - W2 32550:Energy, minerals KW - W4 210:Bioremediation, Bioreactors & BioCycling UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19217549?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Bacteria+engineered+for+fuel+ethanol+production%3A+current+status&rft.au=Dien%2C+B+S%3BCotta%2C+MA%3BJeffries%2C+T+W&rft.aulast=Dien&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=258&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00253-003-1444-y L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00253/bibs/3063003/30630258.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sugar; Reviews; Fuels; Carbohydrates; Escherichia coli; Klebsiella oxytoca; Zymomonas mobilis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-003-1444-y ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influences of salinity and shade on seedling photosynthesis and growth of two mangrove species, Rhizophora mangle and Bruguiera sexangula, introduced to Hawaii AN - 19210939; 5778957 AB - Rhizophora mangle was first introduced to Hawaii in 1902 to promote shoreline stabilization. Intertidal competition with native and introduced salt marsh species was low, and beyond the early 1920s, mangrove forests expanded rapidly. An additional mangrove species, Bruguiera sexangula, was introduced in 1922 and currently co-occurs with R. mangle in only a few stands on the north shore and windward sides of Oahu. Where the two species overlap, R. mangle, having colonized intertidal zones first, forms nearly monospecific forest stands. To determine why R. mangle remains the dominant mangrove, we initiated a greenhouse study to compare seedling growth and photosynthetic light response of both species growing at two light levels and contrasting salinity regimes (2, 10, 32 PSU). The asymptotic nature of B. sexangula's assimilation response is indicative of stomatal regulation, whereas only light level appears to regulate photosynthesis in R. mangle. Shifts in patterns of biomass allocation and physiological response indicate two contrasting strategies relative to sunlight and salinity. B. sexangula's strategy is characterized by slow growth with little variation under favorable conditions and morphological plasticity under stressful conditions, which allows for adjustments in carbon gain efficiency (morphological strategy). On the other hand, R. mangle's strategy involves faster growth under a wide range of environmental conditions with physiological enhancement of carbon assimilation (physiological strategy). Low salinity combined with reduced light, or simply low sunlight alone, appears to favor R. mangle and B. sexangula equally. High salinity places greater, but not overwhelming, stress on B. sexangula seedlings, but tends to favor R. mangle at higher light levels. JF - Aquatic Botany AU - Krauss, K W AU - Allen, JA AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, 1151 Punchbowl Street, Room 323, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA, kkrauss@usgs.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - December 2003 SP - 311 EP - 324 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 77 IS - 4 SN - 0304-3770, 0304-3770 KW - Mangrove KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Carbon assimilation KW - Invasion biology KW - Light response curves KW - Photosynthesis KW - Salt sensitivity KW - Shade tolerance KW - Rhizophora mangle KW - Bruguiera sexangula KW - Hydrological Regime KW - Mangrove swamps KW - Shores KW - Salinity KW - Salinity effects KW - Environmental effects KW - Shading KW - Plant populations KW - Competition KW - Growth rate KW - Salt Marshes KW - Plant Growth KW - USA, Hawaii KW - Brackish KW - Biomass KW - Light effects KW - Shore protection KW - ISE, USA, Hawaii, Oahu I. KW - Plant physiology KW - Seedlings KW - Introduced species KW - Mangrove Swamps KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - O 1010:Viruses, Bacteria, Protists, Fungi and Plants KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19210939?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Botany&rft.atitle=Influences+of+salinity+and+shade+on+seedling+photosynthesis+and+growth+of+two+mangrove+species%2C+Rhizophora+mangle+and+Bruguiera+sexangula%2C+introduced+to+Hawaii&rft.au=Krauss%2C+K+W%3BAllen%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Krauss&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=311&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Botany&rft.issn=03043770&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.aquabot.2003.08.004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Growth rate; Photosynthesis; Mangrove swamps; Light effects; Shore protection; Salinity effects; Plant physiology; Environmental effects; Seedlings; Plant populations; Shading; Introduced species; Competition; Hydrological Regime; Salt Marshes; Salinity; Plant Growth; Shores; Biomass; Mangrove Swamps; Bruguiera sexangula; Rhizophora mangle; USA, Hawaii; ISE, USA, Hawaii, Oahu I.; Brackish DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2003.08.004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of parameters affecting quantitative detection of Escherichia coli O157 in enriched water samples using immunomagnetic electrochemiluminescence AN - 19208263; 5783448 AB - We report here the use of immunomagnetic (IM) electrochemiluminescence (ECL) for quantitative detection of Esherichia coli O157:H7 in water samples following enrichment in minimal lactose broth (MLB). IM beads prepared in-house with four commercial anti-O157 monoclonal antibodies were compared for efficiency of cell capture. IM-ECL responses for E. coli O157:H7 (strain SEA13B88) were similar for all four commercial anti-O157 LPS monoclonal antibodies. The ECL signal was linearly correlated with E. coli O157:H7 cell concentration, indicating a constant ECL response per cell. Twenty-two strains of E. coli O157:H7 or O157:NM gave comparable ECL signals using IM beads prepared in-house. To assess the potential for interference from background bacteria in MLB-enriched water samples, 10 super(4) cells of E. coli O157:H7 (strain SEA13B88) were added to enriched samples prior to analysis. There was considerable variability in recovery of E. coli O157:H7 cells; net ECL signals ranged from 1% to 100% of expected values (i.e., percent inhibition from 0% to 99%). Cultures of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Enterobacter cloacae, subsequently isolated from MLB-enriched water samples via IM separation (IMS), were observed to interfere with the binding of E. coli O157:H7 cells to IM beads. Recoveries of 10 super(4) E. coli O157:H7 cells were less than or equal to 10% in the presence of ca. 10 super(8) K. pneumoniae, K. oxytoca, or E. cloacae cells. None of these strains gave a positive IM-ECL signal. Although competitive binding decreased sensitivity, there still was a linear correlation between ECL signal and higher E. coli O157:H7 cell concentrations. These studies indicate that IM-ECL in conjunction with MLB enrichment is capable of quantitatively detecting as few as 10 super(3) to 10 super(5) E. coli O157:H7 cells ml super(-1), depending on percent recoveries, in enriched samples that contain ca. 10 super(9) total lactose-fermenting bacteria ml super(-1). Assuming comparable growth rates for E. coli O157:H7 and other lactose-fermenting bacteria in MLB, it may be possible to detect as few as one E. coli O157:H7 in 100 ml of raw water containing as many as 10 super(4) to 10 super(6) lactose-fermenting bacteria (i.e., total coliforms). JF - Journal of Microbiological Methods AU - Shelton AU - Van Kessel, JAS AU - Wachtel, M R AU - Belt, K T AU - Karns, J S AD - Environmental Microbial Safety Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, ARS Bldg. 173, BARC-East, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA, sheltond@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 717 EP - 725 VL - 55 IS - 3 SN - 0167-7012, 0167-7012 KW - immunomagnetic electrochemiluminescence KW - immunomagnetic separation KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Coliforms KW - Lactose KW - Enterobacter cloacae KW - Detection KW - Escherichia coli KW - Klebsiella oxytoca KW - Quantitation KW - Klebsiella pneumoniae KW - A 01108:Other water systems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19208263?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Microbiological+Methods&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+parameters+affecting+quantitative+detection+of+Escherichia+coli+O157+in+enriched+water+samples+using+immunomagnetic+electrochemiluminescence&rft.au=Shelton%3BVan+Kessel%2C+JAS%3BWachtel%2C+M+R%3BBelt%2C+K+T%3BKarns%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Shelton&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=717&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Microbiological+Methods&rft.issn=01677012&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.mimet.2003.07.004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Klebsiella pneumoniae; Escherichia coli; Klebsiella oxytoca; Enterobacter cloacae; Quantitation; Lactose; Detection; Coliforms DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2003.07.004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variation in Biofilm Formation among Strains of Listeria monocytogenes AN - 19199513; 5775887 AB - Contamination of food by Listeria monocytogenes is thought to occur most frequently in food-processing environments where cells persist due to their ability to attach to stainless steel and other surfaces. Once attached these cells may produce multicellular biofilms that are resistant to disinfection and from which cells can become detached and contaminate food products. Because there is a correlation between virulence and serotype (and thus phylogenetic division) of L. monocytogenes, it is important to determine if there is a link between biofilm formation and disease incidence for L. monocytogenes. Eighty L. monocytogenes isolates were screened for biofilm formation to determine if there is a robust relationship between biofilm formation, phylogenic division, and persistence in the environment. Statistically significant differences were detected between phylogenetic divisions. Increased biofilm formation was observed in Division II strains (serotypes 1/2a and 1/2c), which are not normally associated with food-borne outbreaks. Differences in biofilm formation were also detected between persistent and nonpersistent strains isolated from bulk milk samples, with persistent strains showing increased biofilm formation relative to nonpersistent strains. There were no significant differences detected among serotypes. Exopolysaccharide production correlated with cell adherence for high-biofilm-producing strains. Scanning electron microscopy showed that a high-biofilm-forming strain produced a dense, three-dimensional structure, whereas a low-biofilm-forming strain produced a thin, patchy biofilm. These data are consistent with data on persistent strains forming biofilms but do not support a consistent relationship between enhanced biofilm formation and disease incidence. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Borucki, M K AU - Peppin, J D AU - White, D AU - Loge, F AU - Call AD - Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Pullman, WA 99164-6630, mborucki@vetmed.wsu.edu Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 7336 EP - 7342 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 69 IS - 12 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Food processing KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Disinfection KW - Scanning electron microscopy KW - Serotypes KW - Milk KW - Listeriosis KW - Biofilms KW - Food contamination KW - Polysaccharides KW - Cell adhesion KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19199513?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Epidemiology+and+Infection&rft.atitle=Campylobacter+spp.+in+Icelandic+poultry+operations+and+human+disease&rft.au=Stern%2C+N+J%3BHiett%2C+K+L%3BAlfredsson%2C+G+A%3BKristinsson%2C+K+G%3BReiersen%2C+J%3BHardardottir%2C+H%3BBriem%2C+H%3BGunnarsson%2C+E%3BGeorgsson%2C+F%3BLowman%2C+R%3BBerndtson%2C+E%3BLammerding%2C+A+M%3BPaoli%2C+G+M%3BMusgrove%2C+M+T&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=130&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Epidemiology+and+Infection&rft.issn=09502688&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017%2FS0950268802007914 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Food processing; Scanning electron microscopy; Disinfection; Milk; Serotypes; Listeriosis; Biofilms; Polysaccharides; Food contamination; Cell adhesion; Listeria monocytogenes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.12.7336-7342.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Listeria monocytogenes Serotype Identification by PCR AN - 19192342; 5777561 AB - Serotyping is a universally accepted subtyping method for Listeria monocytogenes. Identification of the strain serotype permits differentiation between important food-borne strains (1/2a, 1/2b, and 4b) and provides a "gold standard" for comparing isolates analyzed in different labs and with different techniques. Although an efficient enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay serotyping protocol was described recently, identification of PCR serotyping primers would further increase the ease and accessibility of this classification system. Serotyping PCR primers were designed from variable regions of the L. monocytogenes genome. Three primer sets were used in conjunction with a previously described Division III primer set in order to classify 122 L. monocytogenes strains into five serotype groups (1/2a(3a), 1/2b, 1/2c(3c), 4b(d,e), and 4a/c). Results of the PCR method agreed with those of the conventional slide agglutination method for 97, 100, 94, and 91% of strains belonging to serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c, and 4b, respectively. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Borucki, M K AU - Call AD - USDA Animal Research Service, 3003 ADBF, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6630, mborucki@vetmed.wsu.edu Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 5537 EP - 5540 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 41 IS - 12 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Serotyping KW - Agglutination KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Primers KW - N 14510:Occurrence, isolation & assay KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19192342?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Listeria+monocytogenes+Serotype+Identification+by+PCR&rft.au=Borucki%2C+M+K%3BCall&rft.aulast=Borucki&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=5537&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.41.12.5537-5540.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria monocytogenes; Polymerase chain reaction; Primers; Agglutination; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Serotyping DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.12.5537-5540.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drainage in finite-sized unsaturated zones AN - 19181517; 5755228 AB - After the initiation of gravity drainage, water is often assumed to be either (a) draining under unit gradient, or (b) at capillary/gravity equilibrium. Both of these simplifications can be useful, but the regimes of validity of each assumption must be delineated. Water pressures are measured versus time and distance as water drains out of a 1.6 m long sand column to determine the relative effects of capillary and gravitational forces during drainage. For medium sized sands (0.15-0.3 mm in diameter), the capillary pressure is constant in space in a large region of the column for over 12 days, and the water continues to flow under unit gradient for relatively long time scales. Similar results are seen for finer sands, but with a much faster approach to equilibrium. Numerical simulations and analytical estimates are presented and compare favorably to the measurements. Together, the experimental, theoretical and analytical results are used to calculate when capillary/gravity equilibrium is reached as a function of porous media properties and length of the unsaturated zone. The ratio of the length of the unsaturated zone to the bubbling pressure is a key parameter in determining the drainage regime, and that even for relatively short unsaturated zones the equilibrium time scale can be on the order of years. JF - Advances in Water Resources AU - DiCarlo, DA AD - National Sedimentation Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Oxford, MS 38655, USA, ddicarlo@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - December 2003 SP - 1257 EP - 1266 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 26 IS - 12 SN - 0309-1708, 0309-1708 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Unsaturated flow KW - Drainage KW - Capillary pressures KW - Saturation KW - Tensiometers KW - Experimental Data KW - Aeration Zone KW - Capillarity KW - Gravity Groundwater KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Model Studies KW - Mathematical Studies KW - Equilibrium KW - Water Pressure KW - Pressure KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19181517?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+Water+Resources&rft.atitle=Drainage+in+finite-sized+unsaturated+zones&rft.au=DiCarlo%2C+DA&rft.aulast=DiCarlo&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1257&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+Water+Resources&rft.issn=03091708&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.advwatres.2003.09.001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Capillarity; Drainage; Modelling (-general-); Pressure; Experimental Data; Mathematical Studies; Aeration Zone; Equilibrium; Gravity Groundwater; Water Pressure; Model Studies DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2003.09.001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rhizobial and bradyrhizobial symbionts of mesquite from the Sonoran Desert: salt tolerance, facultative halophily and nitrate respiration AN - 19158914; 5746064 AB - Rhizobial symbionts were isolated from the surface (0-0.5 M) and phreatic (3.9-5.0 M) root environments of a mature mesquite woodland in the Sonoran Desert of Southern California, and from variable depths (0-12 m) of non-phreatic mesquite ecosystems in the Chihuahuan Desert of New Mexico. They were tested for their ability to tolerate high salinity, and respire NO sub(3) super(-) as mechanisms of free-living survival. Sixteen of 25 isolates were grown in yeast-extract mannitol (YEM) broth at NaCl concentrations of 2 (basal concentration), 100, 300, 500 and 600 mM, and their specific growth rates, cell dry weight and lag times were determined. Twenty of the 25 isolates were also grown in YEM broth under anaerobic conditions with or without 10 mM KNO sub(3). Three categories of NaCl salinity responses were observed: (1) eight isolates showed decreased specific growth rates at NaCl concentrations of 100, 300 and 500 mM, but they nevertheless remained viable at 500 mM NaCl concentration; (2) the specific growth rate of six isolates increased significantly at 100 and 300 mM NaCl; and (3) specific growth rates of two isolates were significantly greater than the base-rate at all concentrations of NaCl. Five of 11 of the Bradyrhizobium isolates tested respired NO sub(3) super(-), but showed no growth. Seven Rhizobium isolates, three from the deep (3.9-5 m) phreatic rhizobial community, and four from the surface community denitrified NO sub(3) super(-) but only the isolates from the phreatic community displayed anaerobic growth. Long-term interactions between rhizobial and bradyrhizobial communities and the surface and phreatic root environments of the mature Sonoran Desert mesquite woodland appear to have selected for strains of NO sub(3) super(-) respiring rhizobia, general salt tolerance of both rhizobial and bradyrhizobial symbionts, and strains of weak facultative halophilic bradyrhizobia. These survival characteristics of mesquite rhizobia may be important regarding mesquite's establishment and long-term productivity in marginal desert soils, and may provide novel types of rhizobia for food crops growing in harsh environments. JF - Soil Biology and Biochemistry AU - Jenkins, M B AD - USDA-ARS, J. Phil Campbell Sr, Natural Resource Conservation Center, 1420 Experimental Station Road, Watkinsville, GA 30677, USA, mjenkins@arches.uga.edu Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 1675 EP - 1682 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 35 IS - 12 SN - 0038-0717, 0038-0717 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts KW - Growth rate KW - USA, New Mexico KW - Symbiosis KW - Bradyrhizobium KW - Respiration KW - Salinity tolerance KW - Prosopis KW - Deserts KW - Denitrification KW - Rhizobium KW - USA, California KW - A 01047:General KW - D 04620:Microorganisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19158914?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Rhizobial+and+bradyrhizobial+symbionts+of+mesquite+from+the+Sonoran+Desert%3A+salt+tolerance%2C+facultative+halophily+and+nitrate+respiration&rft.au=Jenkins%2C+M+B&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1675&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00380717&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.soilbio.2003.08.014 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rhizobium; Bradyrhizobium; Prosopis; USA, California; USA, New Mexico; Salinity tolerance; Denitrification; Respiration; Symbiosis; Deserts; Growth rate DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2003.08.014 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Entrapment and dissolution of DNAPLs in heterogeneous porous media AN - 19142708; 5755530 AB - Two-dimensional multiphase flow and transport simulators were refined and used to numerically investigate the entrapment and dissolution behavior of tetrachloroethylene (PCE) in heterogeneous porous media containing spatial variations in wettability. Measured hydraulic properties, residual saturations, and dissolution parameters were employed in these simulations. Entrapment was quantified using experimentally verified hydraulic property and residual saturation models that account for hysteresis and wettability variations. The nonequilibrium dissolution of PCE was modeled using independent estimates of the film mass transfer coefficient and interfacial area for entrapped and continuous (PCE pools or films) saturations. Flow simulations demonstrate that the spatial distribution of PCE is highly dependent on subsurface wettability characteristics that create differences in PCE retention mechanisms and the presence of subsurface capillary barriers. For a given soil texture, the maximum and minimum PCE infiltration depth was obtained when the sand had intermediate (an organic-wet mass fraction of 25%) and strong (water- or organic-wet) wettability conditions, respectively. In heterogeneous systems, subsurface wettability variations were also found to enhance or diminish the performance of soil texture-induced capillary barriers. The dissolution behavior of PCE was found to depend on the soil wettability and the spatial PCE distribution. Shorter dissolution times tended to occur when PCE was distributed over large regions due to an increased access of flowing water to the PCE. In heterogeneous systems, capillary barriers that produced high PCE saturations tended to exhibit longer dissolution times. JF - Journal of Contaminant Hydrology AU - Bradford, SA AU - Rathfelder, K M AU - Lang, J AU - Abriola, L M AD - George E. Brown, U.S. Salinity Laboratory, USDA, ARS, 450 W. Big SpringsJrRoad, Riverside, CA 92507-4617, U,SA., sbradford@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - December 2003 SP - 133 EP - 157 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 67 IS - 1-4 SN - 0169-7722, 0169-7722 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) KW - Dissolution KW - Entrapment KW - Wettability KW - Heterogeneity KW - Interfacial area KW - Wet KW - Path of Pollutants KW - Nonaqueous Phase Liquids KW - Fate of Pollutants KW - Distribution (Mathematical) KW - Groundwater Pollution KW - Spatial Distribution KW - Model Studies KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19142708?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Contaminant+Hydrology&rft.atitle=Entrapment+and+dissolution+of+DNAPLs+in+heterogeneous+porous+media&rft.au=Bradford%2C+SA%3BRathfelder%2C+K+M%3BLang%2C+J%3BAbriola%2C+L+M&rft.aulast=Bradford&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Contaminant+Hydrology&rft.issn=01697722&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0169-7722%2803%2900071-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wet; Distribution (Mathematical); Groundwater Pollution; Path of Pollutants; Fate of Pollutants; Nonaqueous Phase Liquids; Spatial Distribution; Wettability; Model Studies DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(03)00071-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Priming by recombinant chicken interleukin-2 induces selective expression of IL-8 and IL-18 mRNA in chicken heterophils during receptor-mediated phagocytosis of opsonized and nonopsonized Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis AN - 18889110; 5746174 AB - Heterophils, the principal avian polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) equivalent to the mammalian neutrophil, function as professional phagocytes against bacterial infections, mediate acute inflammation, and respond to cytokine stimulation to aid in regulation of innate host defenses. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) has been found to exercise an array of biological effects on other cell types besides T lymphocytes, including NK cells, B cells, monocytes, and neutrophils. In the present experiments, using real-time quantitative RT-PCR, we evaluated the role of rChIL-2 as a priming mediator controlling heterophil responses at the level of gene transcription by examining the expression of mRNA for pro-inflammatory (IL-1 beta , IL-6, IL-8) and Th1 (IL-18 and IFN- gamma ) cytokine genes following stimulation with phagocytosis agonists; i.e. opsonized and nonopsonized Salmonella enteritidis. Peripheral blood heterophils were isolated and incubated with rChIL-2 from transfected COS cells. rChIL-2 selectively primed the heterophils for an increase in transcription of the pro- inflammatory cytokine IL-8 and of theTh1 cytokine IL-18 induced by all three phagocytic agonists. Although rChIL-2 priming modulated the expression of specific cytokine mRNA in heterophils stimulated by different phagocytic agonists, the rChIL-2 by itself did not directly induce gene expression of either the pro-inflammatory or Th1 cytokines. We propose that rChIL-2 could be priming heterophils solely to function as more efficient innate effector cells to limit bacterial growth through the selective increase of IL-8 and IL-18 gene expression. JF - Molecular Immunology AU - Kogut, M H AU - Rothwell, L AU - Kaiser, P AD - USDA-ARS, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, 2881 F and B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA, kogut@ffsru.tamu.edu Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 603 EP - 610 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 40 IS - 9 SN - 0161-5890, 0161-5890 KW - chickens KW - interleukin 18 receptors KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - F 067735:Interleukins KW - F 06772:Other cells (leukocytes, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, platelets) KW - F 06780:Genetics KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms KW - N 14800:Immunological aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18889110?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Immunology&rft.atitle=Priming+by+recombinant+chicken+interleukin-2+induces+selective+expression+of+IL-8+and+IL-18+mRNA+in+chicken+heterophils+during+receptor-mediated+phagocytosis+of+opsonized+and+nonopsonized+Salmonella+enterica+serovar+enteritidis&rft.au=Kogut%2C+M+H%3BRothwell%2C+L%3BKaiser%2C+P&rft.aulast=Kogut&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=603&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Immunology&rft.issn=01615890&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.molimm.2003.08.002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2003.08.002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Population characteristics, growth, and spatial activity of Siren intermedia in an intensively managed wetland AN - 18065997; 5888235 AB - We conducted a mark-recapture study of Siren intermedia in a wetland in southeastern Missouri that is intensively managed for waterfowl. Over a 9-month period, we examined population characteristics, growth rates, and spatial activity. Density and standing crop biomass estimates were 1.35 to 2.17 sirens/m super(2) and 44.9 to 72.2 g/m super(2). Juveniles comprised 39% of the population. Adult males were significantly larger in both total length and mass than adult females. Sirens from our population had relatively low growth rates compared to some populations in other areas. Smaller individuals tended to grow faster than larger individuals. Maximum distance between captures did not differ significantly among juveniles and adult males and females. Home ranges of adults overlapped considerably and were highly variable in size, ranging from 1 to 232 m super(2). Sirens can be the dominant vertebrate in many wetland communities, and their natural history and spatial ecology should be considered in management decisions. JF - Southwestern Naturalist AU - Frese, P W AU - Mathis, A AU - Wilkinson, R AD - Natural Resources Conservation Service, 510 East Highway 136, Albany, MO 64402, USA, paul.frese@mo.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 534 EP - 542 VL - 48 IS - 4 SN - 0038-4909, 0038-4909 KW - Dwarf siren KW - Salamanders KW - Sirens KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Growth rate KW - Age composition KW - Population characteristics KW - Sex ratio KW - Siren KW - Population growth KW - Population density KW - Freshwater KW - Tracking KW - Local movements KW - Capture-recapture studies KW - Growth curves KW - Caudata KW - USA, Missouri KW - Wetlands KW - Home range KW - Population structure KW - Siren intermedia KW - Q1 08441:Population structure KW - Q1 08321:General KW - D 04669:Amphibians UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18065997?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southwestern+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Population+characteristics%2C+growth%2C+and+spatial+activity+of+Siren+intermedia+in+an+intensively+managed+wetland&rft.au=Frese%2C+P+W%3BMathis%2C+A%3BWilkinson%2C+R&rft.aulast=Frese&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=534&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southwestern+Naturalist&rft.issn=00384909&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Growth rate; Local movements; Age composition; Growth curves; Sex ratio; Population characteristics; Population density; Population structure; Home range; Wetlands; Tracking; Capture-recapture studies; Population growth; Siren; Caudata; Siren intermedia; USA, Missouri; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multiobjective calibration of land surface model evapotranspiration predictions using streamflow observations and spaceborne surface radiometric temperature retrievals AN - 18064017; 5821851 AB - Physically based models of surface water and energy balance processes typically require a large number of soil and vegetation parameters as inputs. Accurate specification of these parameters is often difficult without resorting to calibration of model predictions against independent observations. Along with streamflow observations from gauging stations, spaceborne surface radiometric temperature retrievals offer the only independent observation of land surface model output commonly available at regional spatial scales (i.e. >50 super(2) km super(2)). This analysis examines the potential benefits of incorporating spaceborne radiometric surface temperature retrievals and streamflow observations in a multiobjective calibration framework to accurately constrain regional-scale model evapotranspiration predictions. Results for the VIC (Variable Infiltration Capacity) model over the Southern Great Plains of the United States suggest that multiobjective model calibration against radiometric skin temperatures and steamflow observations can reduce error in model monthly evapotranspiration predictions by up to 20% relative to single-objective model calibration against streamflow alone. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research. D. Atmospheres AU - Crow, W T AU - Wood, E F AU - Pan, M AD - Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, USDA ARS, Beltsville, Maryland, USA Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 PB - American Geophysical Union, 2000 Florida Ave., N.W. Washington DC 20009 USA, [mailto:service@agu.org], [URL:http://www.agu.org] VL - 108 IS - D23 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Citation No. 4725 KW - Freshwater KW - SW 0830:Evaporation and transpiration KW - Q2 02171:Dynamics of lakes and rivers KW - M2 556.13:Evaporation/Evapotranspiration (556.13) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18064017?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Emergence+of+Overwintered+Boll+Weevils+%28Coleoptera%3A+Curculionidae%29+in+Relation+to+Microclimatic+Factors&rft.au=Westbrook%2C+J+K%3BSpurgeon%2C+D+W%3BEyster%2C+R+S%3BSchleider%2C+P+G&rft.aulast=Westbrook&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282003%29032%280133%3AEOOBWC%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication date refers to online version. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2002JD003292 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparisons of land cover and LAI estimates derived from ETM+ and MODIS for four sites in North America: a quality assessment of 2000/2001 provisional MODIS products AN - 18056866; 5778477 AB - The MODIS land science team produces a number of standard products, including land cover and leaf area index (LAI). Critical to the success of MODIS and other sensor products is an independent evaluation of product quality. In that context, we describe a study using field data and Landsat ETM+ to map land cover and LAI at four 49-km super(2) sites in North America containing agricultural cropland (AGRO), prairie grassland (KONZ), boreal needleleaf forest, and temperate mixed forest. The purpose was to: (1) develop accurate maps of land cover, based on the MODIS IGBP (International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme) land cover classification scheme; (2) derive continuous surfaces of LAI that capture the mean and variability of the LAI field measurements; and (3) conduct initial MODIS validation exercises to assess the quality of early (i.e. provisional) MODIS products. ETM+ land cover maps varied in overall accuracy from 81% to 95%. The boreal forest was the most spatially complex, had the greatest number of classes, and the lowest accuracy. The intensive agricultural cropland had the simplest spatial structure, the least number of classes, and the highest overall accuracy. At each site, mapped LAI patterns generally followed patterns of land cover across the site. Predicted versus observed LAI indicated a high degree of correspondence between field-based measures and ETM+ predictions of LAI. Direct comparisons of ETM+ land cover maps with Collection 3 MODIS cover maps revealed several important distinctions and similarities. One obvious difference was associated with image/map resolution. ETM+ captured much of the spatial complexity of land cover at the sites. In contrast, the relatively coarse resolution of MODIS did not allow for that level of spatial detail. Over the extent of all sites, the greatest difference was an overprediction by MODIS of evergreen needleleaf forest cover at the boreal forest site, which consisted largely of open shrubland, woody savanna, and savanna. At the agricultural, temperate mixed forest, and prairie grassland sites, ETM+ and MODIS cover estimates were similar. Collection 3 MODIS-based LAI estimates were considerably higher (up to 4 m super(2) m super(-2)) than those based on ETM+ LAI at each site. There are numerous probable reasons for this, the most important being the algorithms' sensitivity to MODIS reflectance calibration, its use of a prelaunch AVHRR-based land cover map, and its apparent reliance on mainly red and near-IR reflectance. Samples of Collection 4 LAI products were examined and found to consist of significantly improved LAI predictions for KONZ, and to some extent for AGRO, but not for the other two sites. In this study, we demonstrate that MODIS reflectance data are highly correlated with LAI across three study sites, with relationships increasing in strength from 500 to 1000 m spatial resolution, when shortwave-infrared bands are included. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - Cohen, W B AU - Maiersperger, T K AU - Yang, Z AU - Gower, ST AU - Turner, D P AU - Ritts, W D AU - Berterretche, M AU - Running, S W AD - Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA, warren.cohen@orst.edu Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 233 EP - 255 PB - Elsevier Science Inc., Box 882 New York NY 10159 USA, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com] VL - 88 IS - 3 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing KW - M2 551.501:Methods of Observation/Computations (551.501) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18056866?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=Comparisons+of+land+cover+and+LAI+estimates+derived+from+ETM%2B+and+MODIS+for+four+sites+in+North+America%3A+a+quality+assessment+of+2000%2F2001+provisional+MODIS+products&rft.au=Cohen%2C+W+B%3BMaiersperger%2C+T+K%3BYang%2C+Z%3BGower%2C+ST%3BTurner%2C+D+P%3BRitts%2C+W+D%3BBerterretche%2C+M%3BRunning%2C+S+W&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.rse.2003.06.006 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2003.06.006 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multidecadal Regime Shifts in U.S. Streamflow, Precipitation, and Temperature at the End of the Twentieth Century AN - 18055695; 5775787 AB - Intra- to multidecadal variation in annual streamflow, precipitation, and temperature over the continental United States are evaluated here through the calculation of Mann-Whitney U statistics over running-time windows of 6-30-yr duration. When this method is demonstrated on time series of nationally averaged annual precipitation and mean temperature during 1896-2001, it reveals that 8 of the 10 wettest years occurred during the last 29 yr of that 106-yr period, and 6 of the 10 warmest years during the last 16. Both of these results indicate highly significant departures from long-term stationarity in U.S. climate at the end of the twentieth century. The effects of increased wetness are primarily evident in the central and eastern United States, while evidence of warmth is found throughout the Rocky Mountain region and in the West. Analysis of annual streamflow records across the United States during 1939-98 shows broadly consistent effects. Initial evidence of the recent wet regime is most apparent in eastern streamflow, which shows a clear pattern of high-ranked mean annual values during the 1970s. Over the midwestern states, a coherent pattern of high-ranked annual flow is found during multidecadal periods beginning during the late 1960s and early 1970s and ending in either 1997 or 1998. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, a significant incidence of low-ranked annual flow conditions throughout the West was roughly coincident with the onset of western warmth during the mid-1980s. Evidence of highly significant transitions to wetter and warmer conditions nationally, and consistent variation in streamflow analyses, suggests that increased hydrological surplus in the central and eastern United States and increased hydrological deficit in the West may be representative of the initial stages of climate change over the continental United States. JF - Journal of Climate AU - Mauget, SA AD - USDA/ARS, 3810 4th St., Lubbock, TX 79415, smauget@lbk.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 3905 EP - 3916 PB - American Meteorological Society VL - 16 IS - 23 SN - 0894-8755, 0894-8755 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Freshwater KW - M2 556.53:Rivers, Streams, Canals (556.53) KW - Q2 02243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - M2 551.58:Climatology (551.58) KW - Q5 01521:Mechanical and natural changes KW - M2 556.1:Hydrologic Cycle (556.1) KW - M2 551.577:General Precipitation (551.577) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18055695?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Climate&rft.atitle=Multidecadal+Regime+Shifts+in+U.S.+Streamflow%2C+Precipitation%2C+and+Temperature+at+the+End+of+the+Twentieth+Century&rft.au=Mauget%2C+SA&rft.aulast=Mauget&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=23&rft.spage=3905&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Climate&rft.issn=08948755&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F1520-0442%282003%29016%283905%3AMRSIUS%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0894-8755&volume=16&page=3905 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016(3905:MRSIUS)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution, host range, and climatic constraints on Centistes gasseni (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a South American parasitoid of cucumber beetles, Diabrotica spp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) AN - 18036964; 5991062 AB - The genus Diabrotica includes a large number of pest species, including some of the most important crop pests of the Americas. The parasitoid Centistes gasseni Shaw is the first braconid to be described parasitizing Diabrotica in South America, and high natural infestations are reported. Field and experimental observations on the host range, distribution and biology of this parasitoid are described. Centistes gasseni was collected in southern Brazil, eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina, in a region comprising humid lowlands and highlands, and cool temperate to warm subtropical climates, with regular rainfall in excess of 1300 mm. Three Diabrotica species, D. limitata (Sahlberg), D. speciosa (Germar) and D. viridula (Fabricius) were found to host the parasitoid, with mean percent parasitism of 5.4, 2.0 and 1.0%, respectively. Diabrotica speciosa and D. viridula are the two most important pest Diabrotica species in South America. Laboratory experiments with field-collected beetles and parasitoid cocoons indicated that C. gasseni overwinters in adult host beetles, remaining dormant in its live host below developmental temperatures. A potential distribution of C. gasseni in North America is proposed based on its known climatic range and the distribution of the main pest species of adult overwintering North American Diabrotica. JF - Bulletin of Entomological Research AU - Cabrera Walsh, G AU - Athanas, M M AU - Salles, LAB AU - Schroder, RFW AD - South American Biological Control Laboratory, USDA/ARS/SABCL, 3130 Buenos Aires PL, Washington 20521-3130, USA Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 561 EP - 567 PB - CAB International VL - 93 IS - 6 SN - 0007-4853, 0007-4853 KW - Hymenoptera KW - Coleoptera KW - Braconid wasps KW - Leaf beetles KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Geographical distribution KW - Ecological distribution KW - Climatic conditions KW - Braconidae KW - South America KW - Diabrotica KW - Host-parasite interactions KW - Centistes gasseni KW - Parasitoids KW - Chrysomelidae KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18036964?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Entomological+Research&rft.atitle=Distribution%2C+host+range%2C+and+climatic+constraints+on+Centistes+gasseni+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Braconidae%29%2C+a+South+American+parasitoid+of+cucumber+beetles%2C+Diabrotica+spp.+%28Coleoptera%3A+Chrysomelidae%29&rft.au=Cabrera+Walsh%2C+G%3BAthanas%2C+M+M%3BSalles%2C+LAB%3BSchroder%2C+RFW&rft.aulast=Cabrera+Walsh&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=561&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+Entomological+Research&rft.issn=00074853&rft_id=info:doi/10.1079%2FBER2003263 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Braconidae; Chrysomelidae; Centistes gasseni; Diabrotica; South America; Parasitoids; Host-parasite interactions; Geographical distribution; Ecological distribution; Climatic conditions DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/BER2003263 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vegetation, Soil, And Flooding Relationships In A Blackwater Floodplain Forest AN - 18032491; 5808792 AB - Hydroperiod is considered the primary determinant of plant species distribution in temperate floodplain forests, but most studies have focused on alluvial (sediment-laden) river systems. Few studies have evaluated plant community relationships in blackwater river systems of the South Atlantic Coastal Plain of North America. In this study, we characterized the soils, hydroperiod, and vegetation communities and evaluated relationships between the physical and chemical environment and plant community structure on the floodplain of the Coosawhatchie River, a blackwater river in South Carolina, USA. The soils were similar to previous descriptions of blackwater floodplain soils but had greater soil N and P availability, substantially greater clay content, and lower soil silt content than was previously reported for other blackwater river floodplains. Results of a cluster analysis showed there were five forest communities on the site, and both short-term (4 years) and long-term (50 years) flooding records documented a flooding gradient: water tupelo community > swamp tupelo > laurel oak = overcup oak > mixed oak. The long-term hydrologic record showed that the floodplain has flooded less frequently from 1994 to present than in previous decades. Detrended correspondence analysis of environmental and relative basal area values showed that 27% of the variation in overstory community structure could be explained by the first two axes; however, fitting the species distributions to the DCA axes using Gaussian regression explained 67% of the variation. Axes were correlated with elevation (flooding intensity) and soil characteristics related to rooting volume and cation nutrient availability. Our study suggests that flooding is the major factor affecting community structure, but soil characteristics also may be factors in community structure in blackwater systems. JF - Wetlands AU - Burke, M K AU - King, S L AU - Gartner, D AU - Eisenbies, M H AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station 2730 Savannah Highway Charleston, South Carolina, USA, 29464mburke@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - December 2003 SP - 988 EP - 1002 PB - The Society of Wetland Scientists VL - 23 IS - 4 SN - 0277-5212, 0277-5212 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Geographical distribution KW - River Systems KW - Soil characteristics KW - Forests KW - USA, South Carolina KW - Distribution KW - Wetlands KW - Swamps KW - Rivers KW - Silt KW - Vegetation KW - Plant Populations KW - South America KW - Community composition KW - Flood plains KW - Plants KW - Flooding KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - SW 0810:General KW - Q2 09171:Dynamics of lakes and rivers KW - D 04200:Wetlands UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18032491?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wetlands&rft.atitle=Vegetation%2C+Soil%2C+And+Flooding+Relationships+In+A+Blackwater+Floodplain+Forest&rft.au=Burke%2C+M+K%3BKing%2C+S+L%3BGartner%2C+D%3BEisenbies%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Burke&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=988&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wetlands&rft.issn=02775212&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0277-5212%282003%29023%280988%3AVSAFRI%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Geographical distribution; Community composition; Flooding; Forests; Wetlands; Swamps; Flood plains; Soil characteristics; Plants; Vegetation; Rivers; Plant Populations; River Systems; Distribution; Silt; South America; USA, South Carolina DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0277-5212(2003)023(0988:VSAFRI)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simulated Indigenous Management: A New Model for Ecological Restoration in National Parks AN - 17987862; 5915195 AB - Native American land management practices could revive the processes needed to maintain the classic ecosystems and cultural integrity of our nation parks. JF - Ecological Restoration AU - Anderson, M K AU - Barbour, M G AD - USDA/NRCS National Plant Data Center, Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA, mkanderson@ucdavis.edu Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 269 EP - 277 VL - 21 IS - 4 SN - 1522-4740, 1522-4740 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - USA KW - Ecosystems KW - Ecosystem management KW - National parks KW - Environmental restoration KW - Models KW - Indigenous knowledge KW - D 04700:Management KW - M3 1120:Land UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17987862?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology&rft.atitle=Implications+of+sodium+mass+balance+for+interpreting+the+calcium+cycle+of+a+forested+ecosystem&rft.au=Bailey%2C+S+W%3BBuso%2C+D+C%3BLikens%2C+GE&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=471&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecology&rft.issn=00129658&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; National parks; Environmental restoration; Ecosystems; Indigenous knowledge; Models; Ecosystem management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Do Red-Cockaded Woodpeckers Select Cavity Trees Based On Chemical Composition Of Pine Resin? AN - 17971364; 5923238 AB - We examined resin chemistry of loblolly (Pinus taeda) and shortleaf (P. echinata) pines selected as cavity trees by Red-cockaded Woodpeckers (Picoides borealis) in eastern Texas. We sampled resin from (1) pines selected by Red-cockaded Woodpeckers that contained naturally excavated active cavities, (2) pines selected by forest biologists that contained artificially installed cavity inserts and were actively being used by Red-cockaded Woodpeckers, and (3) control pines of similar age and appearance to the active cavity trees. We hypothesized that if woodpeckers are inducing a change in resin chemistry by excavating resin wells, this change should appear in active cavity trees selected by woodpeckers and trees selected by biologists, but not in control pines. If woodpeckers are selecting pines that have specific resin chemistry, concentrations of some resin components in active cavity trees selected by the woodpeckers for natural cavity excavation should be different from both control pines and pines selected by biologists. A large diterpene acid peak containing an isopimaric- levopimaric-palustric methyl-ester mix in active natural cavity trees was approximately 20% greater than controls and 22% greater than trees with artificial cavities. None of the other eight resin chemicals differed among treatments. The activity of Red-cockaded Woodpeckers at resin wells did not appear to affect the composition of cavity tree resin. Woodpeckers, however, may select pines with specific resin chemistries for cavity trees. JF - Wilson Bulletin AU - Conner, R N AU - Johnson, R H AU - Rudolph, D C AU - Saenz, D AD - Wildlife Habitat and Silviculture Lab. (maintained in cooperation with the Arthur Temple College of Forestry, Stephen F. Austin State Univ.), USFS Southern Research Station, Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA, c_connerrn@titan.sfasu.edu Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 397 EP - 402 PB - The Wilson Ornithological Society VL - 115 IS - 4 SN - 0043-5643, 0043-5643 KW - Red-cockaded woodpecker KW - Loblolly pine KW - Shortleaf pine KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - Resins KW - Picoides borealis KW - Pinus taeda KW - Site selection KW - Pinus echinata KW - Nest building KW - USA, Texas KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25426:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17971364?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Do+Red-Cockaded+Woodpeckers+Select+Cavity+Trees+Based+On+Chemical+Composition+Of+Pine+Resin%3F&rft.au=Conner%2C+R+N%3BJohnson%2C+R+H%3BRudolph%2C+D+C%3BSaenz%2C+D&rft.aulast=Conner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=115&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=397&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.issn=00435643&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0043-5643%282003%29115%280397%3ADRWSCT%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0043-5643&volume=115&page=397 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Picoides borealis; Pinus taeda; Pinus echinata; USA, Texas; Nest building; Site selection; Forest management; Resins DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0043-5643(2003)115(0397:DRWSCT)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection and Fate of Bacillus anthracis (Sterne) Vegetative Cells and Spores Added to Bulk Tank Milk AN - 17897334; 5855222 AB - A preparation of Bacillus anthracis (Sterne strain) spores was used to evaluate commercially available reagents and portable equipment for detecting anthrax contamination by using real-time PCR and was used to assess the fate of spores added directly to bulk tank milk. The Ruggedized Advanced Pathogen Identification Device (RAPID) was employed to detect spores in raw milk down to a concentration of 2,500 spores per ml. Commercially available primers and probes developed to detect either the protective antigen gene or the lethal factor gene both provided easily read positive signals with the RAPID following extraction from milk with a commercially available DNA extraction kit. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the vrrA gene with the use of DNA extracted from spiked milk provided molecular data that readily identified the spores as B. anthracis with a 100% BLAST match to the Sterne and Ames strains and easily distinguished them from B. cereus. Physical-fate and thermal-stability studies demonstrated that spores and vegetative cells have a strong affinity for the cream fraction of whole milk. A single treatment at standard pasteurization temperatures, while 100% lethal to vegetative cells, had no effect on spore viability even 14 days after the treatment. Twenty-four hours after the first treatment, a second treatment at 72 degree C for 15 s reduced the viability of the population by ca. 99% but still did not kill all of the spores. From these studies, we conclude that standard pasteurization techniques for milk would have little effect on the viability of B. anthracis spores and that raw or pasteurized milk poses no obstacles to the rapid detection of the spores by molecular techniques. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Perdue, M L AU - Karns, J AU - Higgins, J AU - Van Kessel, JA AD - Environmental Microbial Safety Laboratory, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Building 173, Room 102, BARC-East, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 2349 EP - 2354 VL - 66 IS - 12 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - vrrA gene KW - nucleotide sequence KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Temperature effects KW - Milk KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Anthrax KW - Food contamination KW - Spores KW - Bacillus anthracis KW - Vegetative cells KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17897334?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Detection+and+Fate+of+Bacillus+anthracis+%28Sterne%29+Vegetative+Cells+and+Spores+Added+to+Bulk+Tank+Milk&rft.au=Perdue%2C+M+L%3BKarns%2C+J%3BHiggins%2C+J%3BVan+Kessel%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Perdue&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus anthracis; Milk; Spores; Vegetative cells; Anthrax; Food contamination; Polymerase chain reaction; Temperature effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence and economic value of feral swine damage to native habitat in three Florida state parks AN - 17891691; 5858325 AB - Feral swine (Sus scrofa) adversely affect the environment in many of the places where they have been introduced. Such is the case in Florida, but quantification and economic evaluation of the damage can provide objective bases for developing strategies to protect habitats. Swine damage to native wet pine-flatwoods at three state parks in Florida was monitored from winter 2002 to winter 2003. Economic valuations of damage were based on the US dollar amounts that wetland regulators have allowed permit applicants to spend in attempts to replace lost resources. The parks had different swine management histories and the damage patterns differed among them over time. Swine were intensively removed in 2000 from the first park, and it initially had the lowest habitat damage at 1.3%, but as a result of natural and artificial population growth this damage rose to 5.4% by the conclusion of the study, and was valued at US$ 19 193-36 498 ha super(-1). The second park had no history of swine harvest and, over the monitoring period, damage escalated from 2.6%-6.4%, with an associated value of US$ 22 747-43 257 ha super(-1). Swine were managed as game animals in the third park prior to its inclusion into the state parks system in 2000. Within this park, the proportion of area damaged decreased from 4.3%-1.5%, valued at US$ 5 331-10 138 ha super(-1). This decrease may be a result of human activities associated with development of the park's infrastructure causing dispersal of animals conditioned to avoid humans by hunting. Damage was highly scattered in each park, as evidenced by a much higher proportion of sampling sites showing damage than the actual proportion of land area damaged. The dispersed nature of small amounts of damage would increase the effort required to recover habitat and thus damage value estimates are probably conservative. It was also impossible to incorporate values for such contingencies as swine impact to state and federally listed endangered plants in the parks, some of which are found nowhere else in the world. JF - Environmental Conservation AU - Engeman, R M AU - Smith, H T AU - Shwiff, SA AU - Constantin, B AU - Woolard, J AU - Nelson, M AU - Griffin, D AD - National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80521-2154, USA, richard.m.engeman@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 319 EP - 324 VL - 30 IS - 4 SN - 0376-8929, 0376-8929 KW - Pig KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Florida KW - Sus scrofa KW - Population growth KW - Habitat changes KW - Feral populations KW - Winter KW - Infrastructure KW - Game animals KW - Conservation KW - Endangered plants KW - Wetlands KW - Nature reserves KW - Hunting KW - Introduced species KW - Economic importance KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17891691?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Conservation&rft.atitle=Prevalence+and+economic+value+of+feral+swine+damage+to+native+habitat+in+three+Florida+state+parks&rft.au=Engeman%2C+R+M%3BSmith%2C+H+T%3BShwiff%2C+SA%3BConstantin%2C+B%3BWoolard%2C+J%3BNelson%2C+M%3BGriffin%2C+D&rft.aulast=Engeman&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=319&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Conservation&rft.issn=03768929&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017%2FS037689290300033X LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Population growth; Habitat changes; Feral populations; Winter; Infrastructure; Conservation; Game animals; Nature reserves; Wetlands; Endangered plants; Economic importance; Introduced species; Hunting; Sus scrofa; USA, Florida DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S037689290300033X ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An effective medium for isolating Sphaeropsis sapinea from asymptomatic pines AN - 17868523; 6265713 AB - The pathogen Sphaeropsis sapinea can persist in stems and branches of asymptomatic pines and can later induce disease when triggered by host stress. Several experiments were conducted to test if: (i) medium amended with tannic acid (TA) can increase the frequency of cultural detection of this shoot blight and canker pathogen from asymptomatic red pine (Pinus resinosa) stems, and (ii) S. sapinea can persist in asymptomatic red pine in the field following artificial inoculation. TA (0.5% w/v) in 2% (w/v) water agar proved to be the best medium for isolation of S. sapinea among a larger number of tested media. The addition of TA had little or no effect on the growth of two group A and two group B isolates of S. sapinea. However, when TA was added, 11 other fast-growing fungal isolates from stems/branches of red or jack pines (P. banksiana) were inhibited and grew more slowly (p < 0.05) than both S. sapinea groups. The TA-amended medium improved cultural detection of S. sapinea from 2-year-old, asymptomatic red pine nursery seedlings compared with two other methods used for the cultural detection of S. sapinea (32% vs. 8.5% and 18% recovery; p < 0.001 and p = 0.031, respectively). A field test using the TA-amended media established that S. sapinea can persist asymptomatically in red pine trees for at least 1 year. This medium significantly reduces the frequency of false-negatives from asymptomatic field material. JF - Forest Pathology AU - Blodgett, J T AU - Bonello, P AU - Stanosz, G R AD - USDA-Forest Service, Forest Health Management, 1730 Samco RD, Rapid City, SD 57702, USA, jblodgett@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 395 EP - 404 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd. VL - 33 IS - 6 SN - 1437-4781, 1437-4781 KW - Red pine KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Canker KW - Branches KW - Shoot blight KW - Tannic acid KW - Media (isolation) KW - Plant diseases KW - Stress KW - Pinus resinosa KW - Stems KW - Sphaeropsis sapinea KW - Inoculation KW - Seedlings KW - K 03069:Fungi KW - A 01117:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17868523?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Pathology&rft.atitle=An+effective+medium+for+isolating+Sphaeropsis+sapinea+from+asymptomatic+pines&rft.au=Blodgett%2C+J+T%3BBonello%2C+P%3BStanosz%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Blodgett&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=395&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Pathology&rft.issn=14374781&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1437-4781.2003.00342.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sphaeropsis sapinea; Pinus resinosa; Stems; Media (isolation); Branches; Canker; Plant diseases; Seedlings; Inoculation; Stress; Tannic acid; Shoot blight DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1437-4781.2003.00342.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Moment and maximum likelihood estimators for Weibull distributions under length- and area-biased sampling AN - 17798330; 6129467 AB - Many of the most popular sampling schemes used in forestry are probability proportional to size methods. These methods are also referred to as size-biased because sampling is actually from a weighted form of the underlying population distribution. Length- and area-biased sampling are special cases of size-biased sampling where the probability weighting comes from a lineal or areal function of the random variable of interest, respectively. Often, interest is in estimating a parametric probability density of the data. In forestry, the Weibull function has been used extensively for such purposes. Estimating equations for method of moments and maximum likelihood for two- and three-parameter Weibull distributions are presented. Fitting is illustrated with an example from an area-biased angle-gauge sample of standing trees in a woodlot. Finally, some specific points concerning the form of the size-biased densities are reported. JF - Environmental and Ecological Statistics AU - Gove, J H AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, P.O. Box 640, 271 Mast Road, Durham, NH 03824, USA, jgove@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 455 EP - 467 VL - 10 IS - 4 SN - 1352-8505, 1352-8505 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Mathematical models KW - Trees KW - Statistical analysis KW - Sampling KW - Forestry KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17798330?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+Ecological+Statistics&rft.atitle=Moment+and+maximum+likelihood+estimators+for+Weibull+distributions+under+length-+and+area-biased+sampling&rft.au=Gove%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Gove&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=455&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+Ecological+Statistics&rft.issn=13528505&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1026000505636 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sampling; Forestry; Statistical analysis; Mathematical models; Trees DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026000505636 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Electroporation of embryogenic protoplasts of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) osbeck) and regeneration of transformed plants AN - 17752571; 5837069 AB - Electroporation conditions were optimized for the transfection of protoplasts isolated from an embryogenic cell line of sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Hamlin]. Electric field strength (375-450 V cm super(-1)), vector DNA concentration (100 mu mu [mu-s] g ml super(-1)), carrier DNA concentration (100 mu mu [mu-s] g ml super(-1)), electroporation buffer (pH 8), and pre-electroporation heat shock of protoplasts (5 min at 45 degree C) were optimized. The plasmid vector pBI221 containing the beta beta [beta-s] -glucuronidase (GUS) coding sequence under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter was used and GUS activity was measured 24 h after electroporation. All variables significantly affected transfection efficiency and when optimal conditions for each were combined, GUS activity was 7714 pmol 4-methylumbelliferone (MU) mg super(-1) (protein) min super(-1). Protoplasts were then electroporated in the presence of green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression vectors pARS101 or pARS108. Green fluorescent embryos were selected, plants regenerated, and integration of the transgene was confirmed by Southern blot analysis. Both plasmids were constructed using EGFP, a GFP variant 35 times brighter than wtGFP, having a single, red-shifted excitation peak, and optimized for human codon-usage. pARS101 was constructed by placing EGFP under the control of a 35S-35S promoter containing 33 bp of the untranslated leader sequence from alfalfa mosaic virus. pARS108 was constructed similarly except sequences were added for transport and retention of EGFP in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant AU - Mckendree, W L AU - Shatters, R G AD - Agricultural Research Service, US Horticultural Research Laboratory, 2001 South Rock Road, Ft. Pierce, FL 34945-3030, rniedz@ushrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 586 EP - 594 VL - 39 IS - 6 SN - 1054-5476, 1054-5476 KW - Sweet orange KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Electroporation KW - Transgenic plants KW - Expression vectors KW - Endoplasmic reticulum KW - Electric fields KW - Protoplasts KW - Heat shock KW - Embryos KW - Sweet taste KW - Alfalfa mosaic virus KW - Plasmids KW - Citrus sinensis KW - Transfection KW - DNA KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 320:Cell Culture & Batch Fermentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17752571?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+opinion+in+lipidology&rft.atitle=ATP-binding+cassette+transporter+A1%2C+fatty+acids%2C+and+cholesterol+absorption.&rft.au=Brousseau%2C+Margaret+E&rft.aulast=Brousseau&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+opinion+in+lipidology&rft.issn=09579672&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Citrus sinensis; Alfalfa mosaic virus; Electroporation; Protoplasts; Transfection; Sweet taste; Plasmids; DNA; Endoplasmic reticulum; Embryos; Heat shock; Expression vectors; Electric fields; Transgenic plants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transformation of sugar beet cell suspension cultures AN - 17712529; 5837067 AB - A sugar beet transformation method was developed using particle bombardment of short-term suspension cultures of a breeding line FC607. Highly embryogenic suspension cultures derived from leaf callus were bombarded with the uidA (gusA) reporter gene under the control of either the osmotin or proteinase inhibitor II gene promoter, and the npt II selectable marker gene. Transient uidA expression was visualized as 500-4000 blue units per 200 mg of bombarded cells 2 d after bombardment. Stably-transformed calluses were recovered on both kanamycin and paromomycin media. The greatest number of GUS (+) calluses was obtained when 50 or 100 mg l super(-1) of kanamycin was applied 2 d after transformation for 3-5 wk, followed by either no selection or reduced levels of the antibiotic. PCR analyses of the GUS (+) callus lines revealed the expected size fragment for uidA and npt II genes. Stable incorporation of the uidA gene into the genome was confirmed by Southern blot analyses. Several transformed embryos were detected by histochemical beta beta [beta-s] -glucuronidase (GUS) staining. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant AU - Ivic, S D AU - Smigocki, A C AD - Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, smigocka@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 573 EP - 577 VL - 39 IS - 6 SN - 1054-5476, 1054-5476 KW - sugar beet KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Transformation KW - Cell suspensions KW - ^b-Glucuronidase KW - paromomycin KW - Beta vulgaris KW - Antibiotics KW - Kanamycin KW - Suspension culture KW - b-Glucuronidase KW - Embryos KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 310:Agricultural Engineering KW - W2 32220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17712529?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.atitle=Transformation+of+sugar+beet+cell+suspension+cultures&rft.au=Ivic%2C+S+D%3BSmigocki%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Ivic&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=573&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.issn=10545476&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Beta vulgaris; Suspension culture; Cell suspensions; Transformation; Embryos; b-Glucuronidase; paromomycin; Kanamycin; Antibiotics; ^b-Glucuronidase ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Two-Dimensional Basin Flow with Irregular Bottom Configuration AN - 17710857; 5825114 AB - Two-dimensional flow from a point or line source is simulated in an irrigated basin with a nonlevel soil surface; the goal is to predict the distribution uniformity of infiltrated depths. The zero-inertia approximation to the equations of motion allows computation in both wet and dry areas. A fully implicit, nonlinear finite-difference scheme is developed for the solution, but practical numerical considerations suggest local linearization instead. Both isotropic and anisotropic resistance to flow are considered. Results in basins with irregular bottom configurations and small inflows show stream advance confined to the lowest elevations in the basin. JF - Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering AU - Strelkoff, T S AU - Tamimi, AH AU - Clemmens, A J AD - U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory (USWCL), USDA/ARS, 4331 East Broadway, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA, fstrelkoff@uswcl.ars.ag.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 391 EP - 401 VL - 129 IS - 6 SN - 0733-9437, 0733-9437 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Drainage Engineering KW - Elevation KW - Distribution KW - Irrigation Engineering KW - Irrigation Water KW - Streams KW - Soil Surfaces KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17710857?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.atitle=Two-Dimensional+Basin+Flow+with+Irregular+Bottom+Configuration&rft.au=Strelkoff%2C+T+S%3BTamimi%2C+AH%3BClemmens%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Strelkoff&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=129&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=391&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.issn=07339437&rft_id=info:doi/10.1061%2F%28ASCE%290733-9437%282003%29129%3A6%28391%29 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Distribution; Irrigation Water; Soil Surfaces; Drainage Engineering; Elevation; Streams; Irrigation Engineering DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2003)129:6(391) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydrologic simulation on agricultural watersheds: Choosing between two models AN - 17679603; 5914458 AB - Strengths and limitations of hydrologic simulation models are used as criteria for selecting a particular model for a given water resources application. The performance of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and the Hydrologic Simulation Program-Fortran (HSPF) continuous simulation models was compared on eight nested agricultural watersheds within the Little Washita River Experimental Watershed (LWREW) and two agricultural watersheds adjacent to the LWREW within the Washita River Basin in southwestern Oklahoma. Two subwatersheds within the LWREW were first used to calibrate parameters in both models for a "wetter than average" period of record. Both models were then applied to six other subwatersheds within the LWREW and the two adjacent watersheds, under varying climatic conditions. Three quantitative and two qualitative evaluation criteria were used to assess streamflow simulated by SWAT and HSPF: computation of (1) deviation of streamflow volume, (2) coefficient of efficiency, and (3) prediction efficiency and visual inspection of (4) hydrographs and (5) flow duration curves. A comparison of model performance showed that while HSPF performed better on the watersheds used for calibration, SWAT gave better results on the validation watersheds. On one of the validation subwatersheds adjacent to the LWREW, values of deviation of streamflow volume were -38.7%, -13.3%, and -1.3% for SWAT and -64.3%, -81.1%, and -8.2% for HSPF under "much dryer than average," "dryer than average," and "near average" climatic conditions, respectively. Differences in model performance were mainly attributed to the runoff production mechanism in the two models. Results of this study showed that SWAT exhibited an element of robustness in that it gave more consistent results than HSPF in estimating streamflow for agricultural watersheds under various climatic conditions. SWAT may therefore be better suited for investigating the long-term impacts of climate variability on surface-water resources. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Van Liew, MW AU - Arnold, J G AU - Garbrecht, J D AD - USDA-ARS Grazinglands Research Lab, 7207 W. Cheyenne Street, El Reno, OK 73036, USA, mvanliew@grl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 1539 EP - 1551 VL - 46 IS - 6 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0810:General KW - M2 556.1:Hydrologic Cycle (556.1) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17679603?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Hydrologic+simulation+on+agricultural+watersheds%3A+Choosing+between+two+models&rft.au=Van+Liew%2C+MW%3BArnold%2C+J+G%3BGarbrecht%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Van+Liew&rft.aufirst=MW&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1539&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drainage system impacts on surface runoff, nitrate loss, and crop yield on a southern alluvial soil AN - 17677486; 5914457 AB - Excess rainfall and subsequent surface runoff is a challenge to farmers of the Lower Mississippi River Valley region. In 1993, we established an experimental field site in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, consisting of 16 hydraulically isolated plots (0.2 ha) on a Commerce soil (Aeric Fluvaquents). Our objective was to determine drainage system impacts on surface runoff, subsurface drainage effluent, nitrate loss, and corn (Zea mays L.) yield. We evaluated the following drainage systems (four replications) in 1995 and 1996: surface drainage only (SUR), controlled subsurface drainage at 1.1 m below the soil surface (DCD), and shallow water table control at a 0.8 m depth via controlled-drainage/subirrigation (CDSI). Planting date, fertility management, and minimum tillage were consistent across treatments. When compared to SUR, DCD and CDSI did not reduce surface runoff or nitrate loss in runoff. This is in contrast to previous research showing that subsurface drainage systems decreased runoff on this soil, the difference being that we did not use deep tillage. Our results suggest that subsurface drainage systems should be coupled with deep tillage to reduce nutrient loss in runoff from this alluvial soil. DCD and CDSI controlled the shallow water table, but the increased annual effluent from subsurface drainage increased nitrate loss compared to SUR. DCD and CDSI had no affect on corn yield under these rainfall conditions. With respect to nitrate loss and crop yield in this region, typical SUR drainage may be the best management practice (BMP) in the absence of effective runoff mitigation, such as deep tillage. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Grigg, B C AU - Southwick, L M AU - Fouss, J L AU - Kornecki, T S AD - USDA-ARS Soil and Water Research Unit, 4115 Gourrier, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA, bgrigg@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 1531 EP - 1537 VL - 46 IS - 6 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17677486?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Drainage+system+impacts+on+surface+runoff%2C+nitrate+loss%2C+and+crop+yield+on+a+southern+alluvial+soil&rft.au=Grigg%2C+B+C%3BSouthwick%2C+L+M%3BFouss%2C+J+L%3BKornecki%2C+T+S&rft.aulast=Grigg&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1531&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Further Deliberations on Uncertainty in Risk Assessment AN - 17595188; 6097274 AB - Risk assessors are often faced with decisions on the nature of the information that they should provide to those who develop strategies for decreasing or eliminating the risks. Because of the incomplete nature of the data or the lack of understanding of the scientific principles or mechanisms that could be used to explain the information, the parameters and models most appropriate for modeling risk are not known with certainty. Two types of uncertainties are considered in this paper: 1) the uncertainty that arises from the incomplete nature of data from which statistical estimates are used for developing the parameters of risk assessment models, and 2) other types of uncertainty that involve a subjective assessment arising from indecision or a lack of consensus among experts. A simple question is asked: Should risk estimates given to the risk manager consist of estimates that somehow incorporate and combine both types of uncertainties or should the information given consist of different sets of risk estimates, each one reflecting the estimated risk from an assumed theory or set of assumptions? This paper presents our reasons for choosing the latter, which are based on analyses of the meanings of the two types of uncertainties. JF - Human and Ecological Risk Assessment AU - Marks, Harry AU - Coleman, Margaret AU - Michael, Matthew AD - USDA, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Regulations and Directives Development Staff, Cotton Annex, Washington, DC, USA Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 1399 EP - 1410 PB - CRC Press LLC, 2000 Corporate Blvd., NW Boca Raton FL 33431 USA, [mailto:journals@crcpress.com], [URL:http://www.crcpress.com] VL - 9 IS - 6 SN - 1080-7039, 1080-7039 KW - incomplete data KW - Risk Abstracts KW - R2 23010:General: Models, forecasting UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17595188?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.atitle=Further+Deliberations+on+Uncertainty+in+Risk+Assessment&rft.au=Marks%2C+Harry%3BColeman%2C+Margaret%3BMichael%2C+Matthew&rft.aulast=Marks&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1399&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.issn=10807039&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F10807030390250886 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10807030390250886 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Climate change effects on vegetation distribution, carbon, and fire in California AN - 17288128; 5806470 AB - The objective of this study was to dynamically simulate the response of vegetation distribution, carbon, and fire to the historical climate and to two contrasting scenarios of climate change in California. The results of the simulations for the historical climate compared favorably to independent estimates and observations, but validation of the results was complicated by the lack of land use effects in the model. The response to increasing temperatures under both scenarios was characterized by a shift in dominance from needle-leaved to broad-leaved life forms and by increases in vegetation productivity, especially in the relatively cool and mesic regions of the state. The simulated response to changes in precipitation was complex, involving not only the effect of changes in soil moisture on vegetation productivity, but also changes in tree-grass competition mediated by fire. Summer months were warmer and persistently dry under both scenarios, so the trends in simulated fire area under both scenarios were primarily a response to changes in vegetation biomass. Total ecosystem carbon increased under both climate scenarios, but the proportions allocated to the wood and grass carbon pools differed. The results of the simulations underscore the potentially large impact of climate change on California ecosystems, and the need for further use and development of dynamic vegetation models using various ensembles of climate change scenarios. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Lenihan, J M AU - Drapek, R AU - Bachelet, D AU - Neilson, R P AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis, Oregon 97731, USA Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 1667 EP - 1681 PB - Ecological Society of America VL - 13 IS - 6 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Fires KW - Climate models KW - Ecological distribution KW - Climate change KW - Climatic changes KW - Carbon cycle KW - Vegetation KW - Precipitation KW - Vegetation distribution KW - Land use effects KW - Climate and vegetation KW - Numerical simulations KW - USA, California KW - Soil moisture KW - Climate change scenarios KW - D 04100:Terrestrial ecosystems - general KW - M2 551.586:Biometeorology and Bioclimatology (551.586) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17288128?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=Climate+change+effects+on+vegetation+distribution%2C+carbon%2C+and+fire+in+California&rft.au=Lenihan%2C+J+M%3BDrapek%2C+R%3BBachelet%2C+D%3BNeilson%2C+R+P&rft.aulast=Lenihan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1667&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fires; Ecological distribution; Climatic changes; Carbon cycle; Vegetation; Climate and vegetation; Climate models; Numerical simulations; Climate change; Precipitation; Soil moisture; Vegetation distribution; Land use effects; Climate change scenarios; USA, California ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Incorporating natural variability, uncertainty, and risk into water quality evaluations using duration curves AN - 17278311; 5829639 AB - Quantifying natural variability, uncertainty, and risk with minimal data is one of the greatest challenges facing those engaged in water quality evaluations, such as development of total maximum daily loads (TMDL), because of regulatory, natural, and analytical constraints. Quantification of uncertainty and variability in natural systems is illustrated using duration curves (DCs), plots that illustrate the percent of time that a particular flow rate (FDC), concentration (CDC), or load rate (LDC; "TMDL") is exceeded, and are constructed using simple derived distributions. Duration curves require different construction methods and interpretations, depending on whether there is a statistically significant correlation between concentration (C) and flow (Q), and on the sign of the C-Q regression slope (positive or negative). Flow DCs computed from annual runoff data vary compared with an FDC developed using all data. Percent exceedance for DCs can correspond to risk; however, DCs are not composed of independent quantities. Confidence intervals of data about a regression line can be used to develop confidence limits for the CDC and LDC. An alternate expression to a fixed TMDL is suggested as the risk of a load rate being exceeded and lying between confidence limits. Averages over partial ranges of DCs are also suggested as an alternative expression of TMDLs. DCs can be used to quantify watershed response in terms of changes in exceedances, concentrations, and load rates after implementation of best management practices. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Bonta, J V AU - Cleland, B AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, North Appalachian Experimental Watershed, P.O. Box 488, Coshocton, OH 43812, USA, bonta@coshocton.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 1481 EP - 1496 VL - 39 IS - 6 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Variability KW - Water Management KW - Loading KW - Statistical analysis KW - Correlations KW - Water resources KW - Watershed Management KW - Freshwater KW - Water quality KW - Watersheds KW - Risks KW - Mathematical Studies KW - Duration curves KW - Data Interpretation KW - River basin management KW - Data collection KW - Water Quality KW - Natural variability KW - Flow Discharge KW - Pollution Load KW - Annual runoff KW - Risk KW - Water management KW - Load Distribution KW - Runoff KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - M2 556.11:Water properties (556.11) KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - M2 556.16:Runoff (556.16) KW - Q5 08505:Prevention and control KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality KW - R2 23050:Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17278311?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Incorporating+natural+variability%2C+uncertainty%2C+and+risk+into+water+quality+evaluations+using+duration+curves&rft.au=Bonta%2C+J+V%3BCleland%2C+B&rft.aulast=Bonta&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1481&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water resources; Watersheds; Water quality; River basin management; Runoff; Risks; Duration curves; Correlations; Statistical analysis; Natural variability; Annual runoff; Risk assessment; Data collection; Water management; Water Management; Loading; Water Quality; Risk; Variability; Mathematical Studies; Load Distribution; Pollution Load; Flow Discharge; Watershed Management; Data Interpretation; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrogen Distribution in Soils of Constructed Wetlands Treating Lagoon Wastewater AN - 16188861; 6139877 AB - Constructed wetlands have the potential to be used for treatment of N-rich livestock wastewater. Our objectives were to evaluate both the time effect and increasing N loading rates on soil N distribution and NH super(+) sub(4)-N concentration in surface-pore water of constructed wetlands. A 5-yr study in North Carolina investigated two wetland systems that treated swine lagoon wastewater. Wetland System 1 was planted to a Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volkart ex Schinz & R. Keller, S. tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla, Scirpus cyperinus (L.) Kunth, and Juncus effusus L. plant community, and Wetland System 2 was planted to a Typha angustifolia L., T. latifolia L., and Sparganium americanum Nutt. plant community. Nitrogen loading rates were increased annually from 0.6 to 2.7 g m super(-2) d super(-1). Soils were analyzed for total N annually. Surface-pore water was sampled with equilibrators and analyzed for NH super(+) sub(4)-N. Although the total N accumulation significantly increased with time in both systems, total soil N accumulation by depth did not differ significantly between systems. Distribution profiles in the surface-pore water column showed that NH super(+) sub(4)-N was transported upward into surface water at N loading rates from 1.2 to 2.7 g m super(-2) d super(-1). As total N loading rates increased annually in both wetland systems, soil pore water had higher levels of NH super(+) sub(4)-N but N removal efficiency of the wetlands sharply decreased. Accumulation of high levels of NH super(+) sub(4)-N (>200 mg L super(-1)) in soil pore water could negatively affect long-term ability of wetland systems to treat wastewater with high N levels. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Szoegi, A A AU - Hunt, P G AU - Humenik, F J AD - USDA-ARS, Coastal Plains Soil, Water and Plant Research Center, 2611 W. Lucas Street, Florence, SC 29501, USA, szogi@florence.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 1943 EP - 1951 VL - 67 IS - 6 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - USA, North Carolina KW - Schoenoplectus americanus KW - Artificial Wetlands KW - Lagoons KW - Scirpus cyperinus KW - Juncus effusus KW - Wetlands KW - Sparganium americanum KW - Barn Wastewater KW - Aquatic plants KW - Interstitial Water KW - Bulrushes KW - Livestock KW - Typha angustifolia KW - Cattails KW - Plant Populations KW - Profiles KW - Load Distribution KW - Wastewater Treatment KW - Accumulation KW - Nitrogen KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - AQ 00007:Industrial Effluents KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - Q2 09101:General works UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16188861?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Nitrogen+Distribution+in+Soils+of+Constructed+Wetlands+Treating+Lagoon+Wastewater&rft.au=Szoegi%2C+A+A%3BHunt%2C+P+G%3BHumenik%2C+F+J&rft.aulast=Szoegi&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1943&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aquatic plants; Wetlands; Lagoons; Nitrogen; Barn Wastewater; Interstitial Water; Bulrushes; Artificial Wetlands; Livestock; Plant Populations; Cattails; Profiles; Load Distribution; Accumulation; Wastewater Treatment; Typha angustifolia; Scirpus cyperinus; Schoenoplectus americanus; Juncus effusus; Sparganium americanum; USA, North Carolina ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Performance of a passive feedlot runoff control and treatment system AN - 16174895; 5914456 AB - The recent signing of the NPDES permit regulations and effluent limitations guidelines for CAFO has generated much interest from smaller beef cattle feeding operations for a more cost-effective solution for managing feedlot runoff. A passive runoff control and treatment system was constructed to reduce long-term liquid storage, provide solids separation, and evenly distribute the liquid discharge for grass hay production. The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of this passive system for reducing contaminant discharge. The system effectively reduced the cumulative mass of total and volatile suspended solids and reduced chemical oxygen demand by 80%, 67%, and 59%, respectively. Significant reductions of these constituents in the runoff water as it passed through the system were measured for most precipitation events. No water was measured exiting the vegetative filter strip during the three-year period of this study. Therefore, the discharge water was effectively contained and used for hay crop production. Estimated total nitrogen (TN) load in the discharge water entering the vegetative filter strip was equivalent to or less than the TN removed by the crop. System robustness was demonstrated during feedlot pen renovation when significant reductions in contaminant concentrations were measured for most all precipitation events during that period. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Woodbury, B L AU - Nienaber, JA AU - Eigenberg, R A AD - USDA-ARS U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, P.O. Box 166, Clay center, NE 68933, USA, woodbury@email.marc.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 1525 EP - 1530 VL - 46 IS - 6 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Grasses KW - Chemical Oxygen Demand KW - Hay KW - Feedlots KW - Feedlot Runoff KW - Water Pollution Control KW - Government regulations KW - Pollutants KW - Suspended Solids KW - Economics KW - Regulations KW - Permits KW - Agricultural runoff KW - Crop Production KW - Environmental regulations KW - Nonpoint Pollution Sources KW - Pollution Load KW - Chemical oxygen demand KW - Suspended particulate matter KW - Effluent Limitations KW - Filters KW - Cattle KW - Standards KW - Nitrogen KW - Pollution control KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16174895?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biologist+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.atitle=Insect+repellants+in+urban+settings.&rft.au=Peterson%2C+Chris&rft.aulast=Peterson&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biologist+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.issn=00063347&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Government regulations; Environmental regulations; Economics; Chemical oxygen demand; Suspended particulate matter; Agricultural runoff; Pollution control; Nitrogen; Crop Production; Grasses; Nonpoint Pollution Sources; Pollution Load; Chemical Oxygen Demand; Hay; Feedlots; Effluent Limitations; Feedlot Runoff; Filters; Water Pollution Control; Cattle; Pollutants; Suspended Solids; Regulations; Standards; Permits ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cotton Defoliant Runoff as a Function of Active Ingredient and Tillage AN - 16172336; 5864442 AB - Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) defoliant runoff was recently identified as an ecological risk. However, assessments are not supported by field studies. Runoff potential of three defoliant active ingredients, dimethipin (2,3-dihydro-5,6-dimethyl-1,4-dithiin 1,1,4,4-tetraoxide), thidiazuron (N-phenyl-N-1,2,3-thidiazol-5-yl-urea), and tribufos (S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate) was investigated by rainfall simulation on strip (ST) and conventionally tilled (CT) cotton in south central Georgia. Simulated rainfall timing relative to defoliant application (1 h after) represented an extreme worst-case scenario; however, weather records indicate that it was not unrealistic for the region. Thidiazuron and tribufos losses were 12 to 15% of applied. Only 2 to 5% of the more water soluble dimethipin was lost. Although ST erosion rates were less, loss of tribufos, a strongly sorbing compound, was not affected. Higher sediment-water partition coefficients (k sub(d)) were measured in ST samples. This likely explains why no tillage related differences in loss rates were observed, but it is unknown whether this result can be generalized. The study was conducted in the first year following establishment of tillage treatments at the study site. As soil conditions stabilize, ST impacts may change. Data provide an estimate of the maximum amount of the defoliants that will run off during a single postapplication storm event. Use of these values in place of the default value in runoff simulation models used in pesticide risk assessments will likely improve risk estimate accuracy and enhance evaluation of comparative risk among these active ingredients. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Potter, T L AU - Truman, C C AU - Bosch, D D AU - Bednarz, C W AD - USDA-ARS, Southeast Watershed Res. Lab., Box 946, Tifton, GA 31793, USA, tpotter@tifton.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 2180 EP - 2188 VL - 32 IS - 6 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Defoliants KW - Risk assessment KW - Agricultural Runoff KW - Cotton KW - Rainfall-runoff Relationships KW - Nonpoint Pollution Sources KW - Simulation KW - USA, Georgia KW - Crops KW - Gossypium hirsutum KW - Risk KW - Agricultural Chemicals KW - Pesticides KW - Agricultural runoff KW - Runoff KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16172336?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Cotton+Defoliant+Runoff+as+a+Function+of+Active+Ingredient+and+Tillage&rft.au=Potter%2C+T+L%3BTruman%2C+C+C%3BBosch%2C+D+D%3BBednarz%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=Potter&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2180&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; Defoliants; Simulation; Agricultural runoff; Crops; Runoff; Risk; Agricultural Runoff; Agricultural Chemicals; Cotton; Rainfall-runoff Relationships; Pesticides; Nonpoint Pollution Sources; Gossypium hirsutum; USA, Georgia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Formulation on the Behavior of 1,3-Dichloropropene in Soil AN - 16169708; 5864446 AB - The fumigant 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) has been identified as a partial replacement for methyl bromide (CH sub(3)Br) in soil fumigation. 1,3-Dichloropropene is formulated for soil fumigation as Telone II (Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, IN) for shank application and as an emulsifiable concentrate (EC) (Telone EC or InLine; Dow AgroSciences) for drip application. This study investigated the effect of formulation on the phase partitioning, transformation rate, and volatilization of 1,3-D isomers. Air-water partitioning coefficients (K sub(H)) were slightly higher for Telone II than for Telone EC, presumably due to the higher apparent water solubility of the EC formulation. Sorption of 1,3-D isomers in two soils was not affected by formulation. Formulation had no significant effect on the rate of 1,3-D transformation in water or soil. In general, differences in the rate of 1,3-D transformation and phase partitioning due to formulation as Telone II or Telone EC were very small. Thus, the effect of formulation on 1,3-D fate may be ignored in transformation and phase partition of 1,3-D in water and soil. Packed soil columns without plastic tarp indicated that with relatively shallow subsurface (10 cm) drip application of Telone EC, emission of 1,3-D isomers was more rapid and produced greater maximum instantaneous flux than deeper (30 cm) shank injection of Telone II. Both application methods resulted in the same cumulative emissions for both isomers, 45% for (E)-1,3-D and approximately 50% for (Z)-1,3-D. These results suggest that for drip application of fumigants to be effective in reducing emissions, the fumigant must be applied at sufficient depths to prevent rapid volatilization from the soil surface if the water application rate does not sufficiently restrict vapor diffusion. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Kim, Jung-Ho AU - Papiernik, S K AU - Farmer, W J AU - Gan, Jianying AU - Yates AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Salinity Laboratory, 450 West Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92507, USA, spapiernik@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 2223 EP - 2229 VL - 32 IS - 6 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - 1,3-dichloropropene KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Soil KW - Vaporization KW - Sorption KW - Behavior KW - Emissions KW - Agrochemicals KW - Fumigation KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16169708?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Media+and+Fermentation+Processes+for+the+Rapid+Production+of+High+Concentrations+of+Stable+Blastospores+of+the+Bioinsecticidal+Fungus+Paecilomyces+fumosoroseus&rft.au=Jackson%2C+MA%3BCliquet%2C+S%3BIten%2C+L+B&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=09583157&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F0958315021000054368 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vaporization; Soil; Sorption; Behavior; Emissions; Agrochemicals; Fumigation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water-Quality Effects of Incorporating Poultry Litter into Perennial Grassland Soils AN - 16169464; 5864462 AB - Poultry litter provides a rich source of nutrients for perennial forages, but the usual practice of surface-applying litter to pastures can degrade water quality by allowing nutrients to be transported from fields in surface runoff, while much of the NH sub(4)-N volatilizes. Incorporating litter into the soil can minimize such problems in tilled systems, but has not been used for perennial forage systems. In this study, we minimized disturbance of the crop, thatch, and soil structure by using a knifing technique to move litter into the root zone. Our objective was to determine effects of poultry litter incorporation on quantity and quality of runoff water. Field plots were constructed on a silt loam soil with well-established bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] and mixed grass forage. Each plot had 8 to 10% slopes, borders to isolate runoff, and a downslope trough with sampling pit. Poultry litter was applied (5.6 Mg ha super(-1)) by one of three methods: surface-applied, incorporated, or surface-applied on soil-aeration cuts. There were six treatment replications and three controls (no litter). Nutrient concentrations and mass losses in runoff from incorporated litter were significantly lower (generally 80-95% less) than in runoff from surface-applied litter. By the second year of treatment, litter-incorporated soils had greater rain infiltration rates, water-holding capacities, and sediment retention than soils receiving surface-applied litter. Litter incorporation also showed a strong tendency to increase forage yield. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Pote, D H AU - Kingery, W L AU - Aiken, GE AU - Han, F X AU - Moore, PA Jr AU - Buddington, K AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center, 6883 South State Highway 23, Booneville, AR 72927, USA, dpote@spa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 2392 EP - 2398 VL - 32 IS - 6 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Poultry KW - Litter KW - Animal wastes KW - Grasses KW - Soil KW - Water quality control KW - Grasslands KW - Soil Amendments KW - Cynodon dactylon KW - Water Quality Control KW - Animal Wastes KW - Nutrient concentrations KW - Runoff KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16169464?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Water-Quality+Effects+of+Incorporating+Poultry+Litter+into+Perennial+Grassland+Soils&rft.au=Pote%2C+D+H%3BKingery%2C+W+L%3BAiken%2C+GE%3BHan%2C+F+X%3BMoore%2C+PA+Jr%3BBuddington%2C+K&rft.aulast=Pote&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2392&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water quality control; Soil; Grasslands; Litter; Animal wastes; Nutrient concentrations; Runoff; Poultry; Soil Amendments; Grasses; Animal Wastes; Water Quality Control; Cynodon dactylon ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Rainfall Simulator and Plot Scale on Overland Flow and Phosphorus Transport AN - 16169427; 5864441 AB - Rainfall simulation experiments are widely used to study erosion and contaminant transport in overland flow. We investigated the use of two rainfall simulators designed to rain on 2-m-long (2-m super(2)) and 10.7-m-long (32.6-m super(2)) plots to estimate overland flow and phosphorus (P) transport in comparison with watershed-scale data. Simulated rainfall (75 mm h super(-1)) generated more overland flow from 2-m-long (20 L m super(2)) than from 10.7-m-long (10 L m super(2)) plots established in grass, no-till corn (Zea mays L.), and recently tilled fields, because a relatively greater area of the smaller plots became saturated (>75% of area) during rainfall compared with large plots (<75% area). Although average concentrations of dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) in overland flow were greater from 2-m-long (0.50 mg L super(-1)) than 10.7-m-long (0.35 mg L super(-1)) plots, the relationship between DRP and Mehlich-3 soil P (as defined by regression slope) was similar for both plots and for published watershed data (0.0022 for grassed, 0.0036 for no-till, and 0.0112 for tilled sites). Conversely, sediment, particulate phosphorus (PP), and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations and selective transport of soil fines (<2 mu m) were significantly lower from 2- than 10.7-m-long plots. However, slopes of the logarithmic regression between P enrichment ratio and sediment discharge were similar (0.281-0.301) for 2- and 10.7-m-long plots, and published watershed data. While concentrations and loads of P change with plot scales, processes governing DRP and PP transport in overland flow are consistent, supporting the limited use of small plots and rainfall simulators to assess the relationship between soil P and overland flow P as a function of soil type and management. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Sharpley, A AU - Kleinman, P AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, University Park, PA 16802-3702, USA, andrew.sharpley@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 2172 EP - 2179 VL - 32 IS - 6 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - maize KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Flow KW - Rainfall-runoff Relationships KW - Path of Pollutants KW - Rainfall KW - Nonpoint Pollution Sources KW - Phosphorus KW - Simulation KW - Precipitation KW - Soil erosion KW - Fluid mechanics KW - Erosion KW - Zea mays KW - Hydrology KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16169427?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Rainfall+Simulator+and+Plot+Scale+on+Overland+Flow+and+Phosphorus+Transport&rft.au=Sharpley%2C+A%3BKleinman%2C+P&rft.aulast=Sharpley&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2172&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fluid mechanics; Rainfall; Phosphorus; Hydrology; Simulation; Soil erosion; Flow; Erosion; Path of Pollutants; Rainfall-runoff Relationships; Nonpoint Pollution Sources; Precipitation; Zea mays ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-Term Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Use on Ground Water Nitrate in Two Small Watersheds AN - 16168421; 5864440 AB - Changes in agricultural management can minimize NO sub(3)-N leaching, but then the time needed to improve ground water quality is uncertain. A study was conducted in two first-order watersheds (30 and 34 ha) in Iowa's Loess Hills. Both were managed in continuous corn (Zea mays L.) from 1964 through 1995 with similar N fertilizer applications (average 178 kg ha super(-1) yr super(-1)), except one received applications averaging 446 kg N ha super(-1) yr super(-1) between 1969 and 1974. This study determined if NO sub(3)-N from these large applications could persist in ground water and baseflow, and affect comparison between new crop rotations implemented in 1996. Piezometer nests were installed and deep cores collected in 1996, then ground water levels and NO sub(3)-N concentrations were monitored. Tritium and stable isotopes ( super(2)H, super(18)O) were determined on 33 water samples in 2001. Baseflow from the heavily N-fertilized watershed had larger average NO sub(3)-N concentrations, by 8 mg L super(-1). Time-of-travel calculations and tritium data showed ground water resides in these watersheds for decades. "Bomb-peak" precipitation (1963-1980) most influenced tritium concentrations near lower slope positions, while deep ground water was dominantly pre-1953 precipitation. Near the stream, greater recharge and mixed-age ground water was suggested by stable isotope and tritium data, respectively. Using sediment-core data collected from the deep unsaturated zone between 1972 and 1996, the increasing depth of a NO sub(3)-N pulse was related to cumulative baseflow (r super(2) = 0.98), suggesting slow downward movement of NO sub(3)-N since the first experiment. Management changes implemented in 1996 will take years to fully influence ground water NO sub(3)-N. Determining ground water quality responses to new agricultural practices may take decades in some watersheds. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Tomer, MD AU - Burkart, M R AD - National Soil Tilth Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, 2150 Pammel Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USA, tomer@nstl.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 2158 EP - 2171 VL - 32 IS - 6 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Isotopes KW - Agricultural pollution KW - Groundwater Pollution KW - Freshwater KW - Watersheds KW - Fertilizers KW - Zea mays KW - Tracer techniques KW - Water Quality Control KW - Leaching KW - Nitrates KW - Catchment Areas KW - Water quality control KW - USA, Iowa KW - Water management KW - Tritium KW - Agricultural Practices KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Groundwater KW - Fluid flow KW - Nitrogen KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16168421?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Long-Term+Effects+of+Nitrogen+Fertilizer+Use+on+Ground+Water+Nitrate+in+Two+Small+Watersheds&rft.au=Tomer%2C+MD%3BBurkart%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Tomer&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2158&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Isotopes; Leaching; Nitrates; Agricultural pollution; Watersheds; Water quality control; Fertilizers; Tritium; Water management; Groundwater pollution; Tracer techniques; Fluid flow; Nitrogen; Agriculture; Groundwater; Catchment Areas; Agricultural Practices; Groundwater Pollution; Water Quality Control; Zea mays; USA, Iowa; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production and Nutrient Removal by Periphyton Grown Under Different Loading Rates of Anaerobically Digested Flushed Dairy Manure AN - 16168242; 5782015 AB - Growing algae to scrub nutrients from manure presents an alternative to the current practice of land application and provides utilizable algal biomass as an end product. The objective of this study was to assess algal growth, nutrient removal, and nitrification using higher light intensities and manure loading rates than in the previous experiments. Algal turfs, with periphyton mainly composed of green algal species, were grown under two light regimes (270 and 390 kmol photons.m super(-2). s super(-1)) and anaerobically digested flushed dairy manure wastewater (ADFDMW) loading rates ranging from 0.8 to 3.7 g total N and 0.12 to 0.58 g total P.m super(-2).d super(-1). Filamentous cyanobacteria (Oscillatoria spp.) and diatoms (Navicula, Nitzschia, and Cyclotella sp.) partially replaced the filamentous green algae at relatively high ADFDMW loading rates and more prominently under low incident light. Mean algal production increased with loading rate and irradiance from 7.6c2.71 to 19.1c2.73 g dry weight. m super(-2).d super(-1). The N and P content of algal biomass generally increased with loading rate and ranged from 2.9%-7.3% and 0.5%-1.3% (by weight), respectively. Carbon content remained relatively constant at all loading rates (42%-47%). The maximum removal rates of N and P per unit algal biomass were 70 and 13 mg.g super(-1) dry weight.m super(-2).d super(-1), respectively. Recovery of nutrients in harvested algal biomass accounted for about 31%-52% for N and 30%-59% for P. Recovery of P appeared to be uncoupled with N at higher loading rates, suggesting that algal potential for accumulation of P may have already been saturated. It appears that higher irradiance level enhancing algal growth was the overriding factor in controlling nitrification in the algal turf scrubber units. JF - Journal of Phycology AU - Kebede-Westhead, E AU - Pizarro, C AU - Mulbry, W W AU - Wilkie, A C AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Manure & By-products Laboratory, BARC-East, 10 300 Baltimore Avenue, Bldg. 306, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 1275 EP - 1282 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 39 IS - 6 SN - 0022-3646, 0022-3646 KW - Dairy manure KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Manure KW - Chlorophyta KW - Organic wastes KW - Bacillariophyceae KW - Phosphorus KW - Nutrients KW - Freshwater KW - Land application KW - Primary production KW - Weight KW - Environmental effects KW - turf KW - Cyclotella KW - Biomass KW - Water quality control KW - Community composition KW - Nitrification KW - Load Distribution KW - Uptake KW - Nutrients (mineral) KW - Periphyton KW - Cyanophyta KW - Wastewater KW - Nitrogen KW - Diatoms KW - Air pollution control KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Nutrient Removal KW - Scrubbers KW - Water pollution treatment KW - Pollution control equipment KW - Oscillatoria KW - Navicula KW - Biofilters KW - Animal wastes KW - Nitzschia KW - Anaerobic digestion KW - Light effects KW - Dairies KW - Cyanobacteria KW - Turf Grasses KW - K 03099:Pollution KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - Q1 08226:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - Q5 08522:Protective measures and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16168242?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Phycology&rft.atitle=Production+and+Nutrient+Removal+by+Periphyton+Grown+Under+Different+Loading+Rates+of+Anaerobically+Digested+Flushed+Dairy+Manure&rft.au=Kebede-Westhead%2C+E%3BPizarro%2C+C%3BMulbry%2C+W+W%3BWilkie%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Kebede-Westhead&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Phycology&rft.issn=00223646&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.0022-3646.2003.02-159.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-05 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biofilters; Manure; Organic wastes; Phosphorus; Wastewater treatment; Primary production; Light effects; Water quality control; Community composition; Nitrification; Water pollution treatment; Environmental effects; Uptake; Periphyton; Nutrients (mineral); Nitrogen; Animal wastes; turf; Diatoms; Air pollution control; Anaerobic digestion; Land application; Dairies; Scrubbers; Pollution control equipment; Wastewater; Turf Grasses; Weight; Nutrient Removal; Load Distribution; Nutrients; Biomass; Cyanophyta; Navicula; Cyanobacteria; Chlorophyta; Nitzschia; Bacillariophyceae; Cyclotella; Oscillatoria; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3646.2003.02-159.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The science/policy interface in logic-based evaluation of forest ecosystem sustainability AN - 16165312; 5820775 AB - Numerous efforts around the world are underway to apply the Montreal criteria and indicators to assess the sustainability of temperate and boreal forests. In this paper, we describe a logic-based system for evaluating the sustainability of forests at regional and national levels. We believe that such a system can make evaluation of sustainability more consistent and transparent. This effort also makes two points abundantly clear: (1) a systematic way to organize expert judgment about ecological, economic, social and institutional relationships (here, using `fuzzy logic') is crucial to building such a system and (2) that the structure of this logic-based system reflects a policy framework and a series of decisions about values and what is meant by `sustainability'. JF - Forest Policy and Economics AU - Reynolds, K M AU - Johnson, K N AU - Gordon, S N AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA, kreynolds@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 433 EP - 446 VL - 5 IS - 4 SN - 1389-9341, 1389-9341 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Ecological evaluation KW - fuzzy logic KW - Decision making KW - Forest management KW - Environmental economics KW - Environmental policy KW - M3 1140:Biodiversity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16165312?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Policy+and+Economics&rft.atitle=The+science%2Fpolicy+interface+in+logic-based+evaluation+of+forest+ecosystem+sustainability&rft.au=Reynolds%2C+K+M%3BJohnson%2C+K+N%3BGordon%2C+S+N&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=433&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Policy+and+Economics&rft.issn=13899341&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1389-9341%2803%2900041-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fuzzy logic; Ecological evaluation; Forest management; Decision making; Environmental economics; Environmental policy DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1389-9341(03)00041-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Association between severity of prescribed burns and subsequent activity of conifer-infesting beetles in stands of longleaf pine AN - 19219485; 5770878 AB - A randomized complete block experiment was performed to measure the effect of prescribed, dormant-season burns of three different levels of severity (measured as fuel consumption and soil surface heating) on subsequent insect infestation and mortality of mature longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.). Multiple-funnel traps baited with a low release rate of turpentine and ethanol were used to monitor activity of certain coniferophagous beetles. Non-aggressive species, including the root beetles Hylastes salebrosus Eichhoff and H. tenuis Eichhoff, the ambrosia beetle Xyleborus pubescens Zimmermann, the reproduction weevil Pachylobius picivorus (Germar), and buprestid borers, were attracted to burned plots in numbers that correlated positively with burn severity. Beetle attraction to burned sites was greatest in the first weeks post-burn and disappeared by the second year. Two potential tree-killing bark beetles, Dendroctonus terebrans (Olivier) and Ips grandicollis (Eichhoff), were trapped in significant numbers but exhibited no attraction to burned plots. Tree mortality correlated significantly with the severity of the burns and amounted to 5% of stems in the hottest burn treatment after 3 years. The majority of the mortality was observed in the second and third years post-burn. Attacks of Ips and Dendroctonus bark beetles were apparent on nearly all dead or dying trees, and evidence suggested that root pathogens may have contributed to tree susceptibility to beetle attack and mortality. Our data indicate that selection of burn regimes that reduce or eliminate consumption of duff (e.g., favoring heading fires over backing fires) could significantly reduce mortality of longleaf pine managed for long rotations. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Sullivan, B T AU - Fettig, C J AU - Otrosina, W J AU - Dalusky, MJ AU - Berisford, C W AD - Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 2500 Shreveport Highway, Pineville, LA 71360, USA, briansullivan@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/11/18/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Nov 18 SP - 327 EP - 340 VL - 185 IS - 3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Coleoptera KW - Bark beetles KW - Ambrosia beetles KW - Black turpentine beetle KW - Eastern fivespined ips KW - Longleaf pine KW - Beetles KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Forest management KW - Fires KW - Dendroctonus terebrans KW - Scolytidae KW - Ips grandicollis KW - Infestation KW - Pinus palustris KW - Burning KW - D 04700:Management KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19219485?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Association+between+severity+of+prescribed+burns+and+subsequent+activity+of+conifer-infesting+beetles+in+stands+of+longleaf+pine&rft.au=Sullivan%2C+B+T%3BFettig%2C+C+J%3BOtrosina%2C+W+J%3BDalusky%2C+MJ%3BBerisford%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-11-18&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Zoo+Biology&rft.issn=07333188&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fzoo.10084 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus palustris; Scolytidae; Dendroctonus terebrans; Ips grandicollis; Fires; Burning; Forest management; Infestation; Mortality DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00223-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Abundance, distribution, trends, and ownership patterns of early-successional forests in the northeastern United States AN - 19219432; 5770860 AB - Early-successional forests are ephemeral and distinct forest communities, maintained by disturbance and dominated by small-sized trees and shrubs. These structural and compositional conditions form a unique habitat that is preferred by many wildlife species. Various sources have indicated that there have been declines in early-successional forest area and in the populations of many wildlife species associated with these habitats across the northeast. Results of the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) Program from four survey occasions were summarized for 11 states in the northeastern United States to identify recent trends in the area of early-successional forests. Early-successional forests were defined as sapling/seedling-size and non-stocked-size timberland. The area of total forest land has remained relatively constant in the northeast; however, the area of early-successional forests has declined since the first forest surveys (ca. 1950). Losses were greater in the coastal states than among interior states. The area of early-successional forest among coastal areas is approaching or below conditions that are estimated to have existed under disturbance regimes occurring prior to European settlement of the northeast; for interior areas, the current area of early-successional forest still exceeds estimated historic conditions. The majority of forest land in the northeastern United States have been privately owned by individuals since European settlement; this ownership pattern has affected forest change more than natural disturbances. Population increases in the northeast over the last 50 years have not resulted in the loss of forest land to residential and associated developments. However, the fragmentation of forest ownerships (i.e. parcelization) into ever smaller ownerships has imposed social and logistic restrictions on forest management options. The creation and maintenance of sufficient early-successional forests to sustain wildlife populations dependent on this habitat will require active intervention and management. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Brooks, R T AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, 201 Holdsworth Natural Resources Center, University of Massachusetts, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003-9285, USA Y1 - 2003/11/03/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Nov 03 SP - 65 EP - 74 VL - 185 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Socio-economic aspects KW - Spatial distribution KW - Abundance KW - Forests KW - Succession KW - USA, Northeast KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19219432?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Abundance%2C+distribution%2C+trends%2C+and+ownership+patterns+of+early-successional+forests+in+the+northeastern+United+States&rft.au=Brooks%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Brooks&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-11-03&rft.volume=185&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1127%2803%2900246-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Northeast; Forests; Abundance; Succession; Spatial distribution; Socio-economic aspects DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00246-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Options for managing early-successional forest and shrubland bird habitats in the northeastern United States AN - 19202851; 5770869 AB - Historically, forests in the northeastern United States were disturbed by fire, wind, Native American agriculture, flooding, and beavers (Castor canadensis). Of these, wind and beavers are now the only sources of natural disturbance. Most disturbance-dependent species, especially birds, are declining throughout the region whereas species affiliated with mature forests are generally increasing or maintaining populations. Disturbance must be simulated for conservation of early-successional species, many of which are habitat specialists compared to those associated with mature forests. Both the maintenance of old fields and forest regeneration are needed to conserve brushland species. Regenerating forest habitats are more ephemeral than other woody early-successional habitats. The types and amounts of early-successional habitats created depend on the silvicultural system used, patch size selected, time between regeneration cuts, and rotation age. We recommend that group selection and patch cuts should be at least 0.8ha, and patches should be generated approximately every 10-15 years depending on site quality. Regeneration of intolerant and mid-tolerant tree species should be increased or maintained in managed stands. Also, frost pockets, unstocked, or poorly-stocked stands can provide opportunities to increase the proportion of early-successional habitats in managed forests. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - DeGraaf, R M AU - Yamasaki, M AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA, rdegraaf@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/11/03/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Nov 03 SP - 179 EP - 191 VL - 185 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - shrublands KW - Birds KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Natural disturbance KW - Aves KW - Habitat availability KW - Regeneration KW - Forests KW - Succession KW - Environment management KW - USA, Northeast KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19202851?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Options+for+managing+early-successional+forest+and+shrubland+bird+habitats+in+the+northeastern+United+States&rft.au=DeGraaf%2C+R+M%3BYamasaki%2C+M&rft.aulast=DeGraaf&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-11-03&rft.volume=185&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1127%2803%2900254-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aves; USA, Northeast; Habitat availability; Natural disturbance; Succession; Forests; Environment management; Regeneration DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00254-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survey of resistance to permethrin and diazinon and the use of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay to detect resistance alleles in the horn fly, Haematobia irritans irritans (L.). AN - 71523311; 14765674 AB - A field survey was conducted in 2001 to evaluate resistance to pyrethroid and organophosphate (OP) insecticides on horn flies, Hematobia irritans irritans (L.), from seven ranches in the state of Tamaulipas, Mexico, and from three locations in central Texas. Filter papers impregnated with either technical permethrin or diazinon were used to measure the levels of resistance to pyrethroids and OPs. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used on individual horn flies from these field populations to detect the presence of the kdr and super-kdr alleles associated with pyrethroid resistance, and a mutated alphaE7 esterase allele associated with OP resistance. Relative to a susceptible laboratory (Kerrville) strain, horn flies from Mexico exhibited 5.1- to 28.3-fold resistance to permethrin at the LC50, and 23.8- to 136-fold resistance at the LC90. Horn flies from Texas ranches exhibited only two- to five-fold resistance. All field populations of the horn fly were highly susceptible to diazinon, and no mutant alphaE7 esterase alleles were detected. The super-kdr allele was found only in a single fly from a ranch in Mexico. Results of PCR assays showed that the kdr allele was present at various frequencies in field populations of horn flies. A gender-related bias in distribution of kdr genotypes was found in horn flies from Mexico, but not in horn flies from Texas. The overall kdr allelic frequencies in horn flies from Mexico were 23.2-37.8% higher in females than in males. Regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between kdr allelic frequencies and the levels of knockdown resistance to permethrin among the horn fly populations studied. The results validate the role of the PCR-based molecular assay as a diagnostic tool in monitoring resistance to pyrethroids and also provide useful information on population genetics of horn fly resistance to pyrethroids and OPs. JF - Journal of medical entomology AU - Li, Andrew Y AU - Guerrero, Felix D AU - Almazán Garcia, Consuelo AU - George, John E AD - USDA-ARS, Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, 2700 Fredricksburg Road, Kerrville, TX 78028, USA. Andrew.Li@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - November 2003 SP - 942 EP - 949 VL - 40 IS - 6 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - Permethrin KW - 509F88P9SZ KW - Diazinon KW - YUS1M1Q929 KW - Index Medicus KW - Regression Analysis KW - Animals KW - Base Sequence KW - Alleles KW - Mexico KW - Gene Frequency KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods KW - Biological Assay KW - Texas KW - Geography KW - Insecticide Resistance -- genetics KW - Diazinon -- toxicity KW - Muscidae -- genetics KW - Permethrin -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71523311?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.atitle=An+effective+box+trap+for+capturing+lynx&rft.au=Kolbe%2C+JA%3BSquires%2C+J+R%3BParker%2C+T+W&rft.aulast=Kolbe&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=980&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.issn=00917648&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-15 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of plant flavonoids on fecundity, survival, and feeding of the Formosan subterranean termite. AN - 71467979; 14682534 AB - Fecundity, mortality, and food consumption of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, were evaluated in response to five plant flavonoids (genistein, biochanin A, apigenin, quercetin, and glyceollin). Apigenin fed at 50 microg/primary reproductive pair proved to be the most toxic flavonoid. Biochanin A was most effective in reducing fecundity. Subsequently, these two flavonoids were tested through oral feeding and topical application at 100-microg dose. Significant reduction in the numbers of progeny was evident for biochanin A in both treatment methods. Choice feeding tests with termite workers showed that initially termites were attracted to filter paper treated with biochanin A, but over a period of 72 hr, consumed significantly less material when compared to controls. Biochanin A is a promising phytochemical with ability to reduce fecundity in primary reproductives of the Formosan subterranean termite, but it does not elicit phagostimulant activity. JF - Journal of chemical ecology AU - Boué, Stephen M AU - Raina, Ashok K AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Center, Southern Regional Research Center, P O. Box 19687, New Orleans, Louisiana 70179-0687, USA. sboue@nola.srrc.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - November 2003 SP - 2575 EP - 2584 VL - 29 IS - 11 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Flavonoids KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Fertility KW - Survival KW - Male KW - Female KW - Isoptera -- physiology KW - Flavonoids -- pharmacology KW - Feeding Behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71467979?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chemical+ecology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+plant+flavonoids+on+fecundity%2C+survival%2C+and+feeding+of+the+Formosan+subterranean+termite.&rft.au=Bou%C3%A9%2C+Stephen+M%3BRaina%2C+Ashok+K&rft.aulast=Bou%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=926&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.issn=00917648&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-23 N1 - Date created - 2003-12-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of temperature on viability of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli on raw chicken or pork skin. AN - 71386173; 14627278 AB - To determine growth and survival of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli on chicken and pork, Campylobacter spp. (10(4) CFU/cm2) were inoculated on pieces of raw, irradiated chicken or pork skin and exposed to temperatures ranging from -20 to 42 degrees C under either microaerobic or aerobic conditions. Viable counts over 48 h declined 2 to 3 log CFU/cm2 at -20 degrees C and 1 to 2 log CFU/cm2 at 25 degrees C regardless of skin type, species of Campylobacter, or level of oxygen. At 4 degrees C, there was no significant change in the number of Campylobacter over 48 h. At both 37 and 42 degrees C, the number of viable Campylobacter increased significantly (2 to 3 log CFU/cm2, P < 0.0001) under microaerobic conditions but decreased 0.5 to 1.5 log CFU/cm2 in air. Preincubation of skins for 24 h at 42 degrees C under microaerobic conditions to establish Campylobacter on the surface prior to lowering the temperature to -20, 4, or 25 degrees C and incubating in air resulted in a decline in viability for the first 4 h (0.5 to 1 log CFU/cm2). However, after this initial drop in viability, no additional effect on viability was observed compared with incubation at -20, 4, or 25 degrees C in air without microaerobic preincubation at 42 degrees C. Preincubation of inoculated skins at -20, 4, or 25 degrees C in air for 24 h followed by a shift in temperature to 42 degrees C for 4, 8, 24, or 48 h and a shift to microaerobic conditions resulted in an overall decline in viability on raw pork skin but not on raw chicken skin. In contrast, preincubation of inoculated skins at -20, 4, or 25 degrees C for 24 h in air followed by a shift in temperature to 37 degrees C and microaerobic conditions did not result in a decrease in viable counts for either chicken or pork skins. Overall, viability of C. coli and C. jejuni on chicken and pork skins was similar. Therefore, a lower incidence of Campylobacter spp. in pork than in poultry postslaughter, despite a similar prevalence in live animals, is not due to differences in viability of C. coli versus C. jejuni on raw chicken or pork skin. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Solow, Barbara Thurston AU - Cloak, Orla M AU - Fratamico, Pina M AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - November 2003 SP - 2023 EP - 2031 VL - 66 IS - 11 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Temperature KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Time Factors KW - Microscopy, Electron, Scanning KW - Swine -- microbiology KW - Skin -- microbiology KW - Skin -- ultrastructure KW - Campylobacter jejuni -- isolation & purification KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Chickens -- microbiology KW - Campylobacter jejuni -- growth & development KW - Campylobacter coli -- isolation & purification KW - Campylobacter coli -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71386173?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Statewide+habitat+assessment+for+white-tailed+deer+in+Arkansas+using+satellite+imagery&rft.au=Miranda%2C+B+R%3BPorter%2C+W+F&rft.aulast=Miranda&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=715&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.issn=00917648&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-08 N1 - Date created - 2003-11-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of Salmonella from chicken rinses and chicken hot dogs with the automated BAX PCR system. AN - 71380855; 14627295 AB - The BAX system with automated PCR detection was compared with standard cultural procedures for the detection of naturally occurring and spiked Salmonella in 183 chicken carcass rinses and 90 chicken hot dogs. The automated assay procedure consists of overnight growth (16 to 18 h) of the sample in buffered peptone broth at 35 degrees C, transfer of the sample to lysis tubes, incubation and lysis of the cells, transfer of the sample to PCR tubes, and placement of tubes into the cycler-detector, which runs automatically. The automated PCR detection assay takes about 4 h after 16 to 24 h of overnight preenrichment. The culture procedure consists of preerichment, enrichment, plating, and serological confirmation and takes about 72 h. Three trials involving 10 to 31 samples were carried out for each product. Some samples were spiked with Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Heidelberg, Salmonella Montevideo, and Salmonella Enteritidis at 1 to 250 cells per ml of rinse or 1 to 250 cells per g of meat. For unspiked chicken rinses, Salmonella was detected in 2 of 61 samples with the automated system and in 1 of 61 samples with the culture method. Salmonella was recovered from 111 of 122 spiked samples with the automated PCR system and from 113 of 122 spiked samples with the culture method. For chicken hot dogs, Salmonella was detected in all 60 of the spiked samples with both the automated PCR and the culture procedures. For the 30 unspiked samples, Salmonella was recovered from 19 samples with the automated PCR system and from 10 samples with the culture method. The automated PCR system provided reliable Salmonella screening of chicken product samples within 24 h. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Bailey, J S AU - Cosby, D E AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Russell Research Center, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30604, USA. jsbailey@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - November 2003 SP - 2138 EP - 2140 VL - 66 IS - 11 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Colony Count, Microbial -- methods KW - Chickens KW - Automation KW - DNA, Bacterial -- analysis KW - Water Microbiology KW - Salmonella -- genetics KW - Food Microbiology KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - Poultry Products -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71380855?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Detection+of+Salmonella+from+chicken+rinses+and+chicken+hot+dogs+with+the+automated+BAX+PCR+system.&rft.au=Bailey%2C+J+S%3BCosby%2C+D+E&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2138&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-08 N1 - Date created - 2003-11-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of chemical dehairing on the prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and the levels of aerobic bacteria and enterobacteriaceae on carcasses in a commercial beef processing plant. AN - 71377702; 14627275 AB - The objective of this experiment was to test the hypothesis that cleaning cattle hides by removing hair and extraneous matter before hide removal would result in improved microbiological quality of carcasses in commercial beef processing plants. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effect of chemical dehairing of cattle hides on the prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and the levels of aerobic bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae on carcasses. Samples from 240 control (conventionally processed) and 240 treated (chemically dehaired before hide removal) hides (immediately after stunning but before treatment) and preevisceration carcasses (immediately after hide removal) were obtained from four visits to a commercial beef processing plant. Total aerobic plate counts (APC) and Enterobacteriaceae counts (EBC) were not (P > 0.05) different between cattle designated for chemical dehairing (8.1 and 5.9 log CFU/100 cm2 for APC and EBC, respectively) and cattle designated for conventional processing (8.0 and 5.7 log CFU/100 cm2 for APC and EBC, respectively). However, E. coli O157:H7 hide prevalence was higher (P 0.05) on treated than on control preevisceration carcasses (1% versus 50%). These data indicate that chemical dehairing of cattle hides is an effective intervention to reduce the incidence of hide-to-carcass contamination with pathogens. The data also imply that any effective hide intervention process incorporated into beef processing procedures would significantly reduce carcass contamination by E. coli O157:H7. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Nou, Xiangwu AU - Rivera-Betancourt, Mildred AU - Bosilevac, Joseph M AU - Wheeler, Tommy L AU - Shackelford, Steven D AU - Gwartney, Bucky L AU - Reagan, James O AU - Koohmaraie, Mohammad AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, P.O. Box 166, Spur 18D, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933-0166, USA. nou@email.marc.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - November 2003 SP - 2005 EP - 2009 VL - 66 IS - 11 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Skin -- microbiology KW - Animals KW - Food-Processing Industry -- standards KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Food-Processing Industry -- methods KW - Prevalence KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Hair Removal -- methods KW - Enterobacteriaceae -- isolation & purification KW - Cattle -- microbiology KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- isolation & purification KW - Enterobacteriaceae -- growth & development KW - Bacteria, Aerobic -- isolation & purification KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- growth & development KW - Bacteria, Aerobic -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71377702?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Effect+of+chemical+dehairing+on+the+prevalence+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+and+the+levels+of+aerobic+bacteria+and+enterobacteriaceae+on+carcasses+in+a+commercial+beef+processing+plant.&rft.au=Nou%2C+Xiangwu%3BRivera-Betancourt%2C+Mildred%3BBosilevac%2C+Joseph+M%3BWheeler%2C+Tommy+L%3BShackelford%2C+Steven+D%3BGwartney%2C+Bucky+L%3BReagan%2C+James+O%3BKoohmaraie%2C+Mohammad&rft.aulast=Nou&rft.aufirst=Xiangwu&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2005&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-08 N1 - Date created - 2003-11-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - FUM9 is required for C-5 hydroxylation of fumonisins and complements the meitotically defined Fum3 locus in Gibberella moniliformis. AN - 71350769; 14602658 AB - Deletion of the Gibberella moniliformis FUM9 gene resulted in mutants that produce only fumonisins that lack a C-5 hydroxyl group. This phenotype is identical to that of previously described mutants with defective alleles at the meiotically defined Fum3 locus. Transformation with a wild-type FUM9 gene into a Fum3-defective mutant restored wild-type fumonisin production. These results indicate that the FUM9 protein catalyzes the C-5 hydroxylation of fumonisins and that FUM9 and the Fum3 locus are the same gene. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Butchko, Robert A E AU - Plattner, Ronald D AU - Proctor, Robert H AD - National Center for Agricultural Resource Utilization, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA. Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - November 2003 SP - 6935 EP - 6937 VL - 69 IS - 11 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Fumonisins KW - 0 KW - Fungal Proteins KW - Mycotoxins KW - Mixed Function Oxygenases KW - EC 1.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal KW - Zea mays -- microbiology KW - Transformation, Genetic KW - Genetic Complementation Test KW - Mycotoxins -- metabolism KW - Hydroxylation KW - Fungal Proteins -- metabolism KW - Mixed Function Oxygenases -- metabolism KW - Gibberella -- metabolism KW - Gibberella -- genetics KW - Fungal Proteins -- genetics KW - Fumonisins -- metabolism KW - Mixed Function Oxygenases -- genetics KW - Gene Deletion UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71350769?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=FUM9+is+required+for+C-5+hydroxylation+of+fumonisins+and+complements+the+meitotically+defined+Fum3+locus+in+Gibberella+moniliformis.&rft.au=Butchko%2C+Robert+A+E%3BPlattner%2C+Ronald+D%3BProctor%2C+Robert+H&rft.aulast=Butchko&rft.aufirst=Robert+A&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=6935&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-02-20 N1 - Date created - 2003-11-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Environ Health Perspect. 2001 May;109 Suppl 2:239-43 [11359691] Fungal Genet Biol. 2001 Dec;34(3):155-65 [11728154] Nat Toxins. 1999;7(6):251-8 [11122515] Fungal Genet Biol. 2002 Aug;36(3):224-33 [12135578] Fungal Genet Biol. 2003 Mar;38(2):237-49 [12620260] J Agric Food Chem. 2003 May 7;51(10):3000-6 [12720383] Fungal Genet Biol. 1999 Jun;27(1):100-12 [10413619] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1992 Sep;58(9):2799-805 [1444389] Phytochemistry. 1994 Jul;36(5):1093-107 [7765359] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1995 Jan;61(1):79-86 [7887628] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1996 Jul;62(7):2571-6 [8779596] Adv Exp Med Biol. 1996;392:57-64 [8850605] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998 Jan;64(1):221-5 [9435078] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1991 Aug;57(8):2410-2 [1768112] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil cover of Gilgai complexes; peculiarities of the development in subtropical and temperate climates AN - 51875990; 2004-023482 AB - Morphological and analytical data on soils of gilgai complexes in the subtropical climate of Texas are presented. A comparative analysis of gilgai soil complexes in subtropical and temperate (North Caucasus) climates is given. Common features and distinctions in morphological, chemical, and physical properties of these soils, characteristic soil processes, and spatial variability of soils within gilgai soil complexes in subtropical and temperate climates are outlined. JF - Eurasian Soil Science AU - Kovda, I V AU - Morgun, E G AU - Williams, D AU - Lynn, W Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - November 2003 SP - 1168 EP - 1182 PB - MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica Publishing, Birmingham, AL VL - 36 IS - 11 SN - 1064-2293, 1064-2293 KW - United States KW - soils KW - Stavropol Russian Federation KW - slopes KW - gilgai KW - Vertisols KW - Texas KW - Europe KW - Russian Federation KW - Stavropol region KW - physical properties KW - Commonwealth of Independent States KW - chemical properties KW - subtropical environment KW - chemical composition KW - Caucasus KW - Northern Caucasus KW - climate KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51875990?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eurasian+Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Soil+cover+of+Gilgai+complexes%3B+peculiarities+of+the+development+in+subtropical+and+temperate+climates&rft.au=Kovda%2C+I+V%3BMorgun%2C+E+G%3BWilliams%2C+D%3BLynn%2C+W&rft.aulast=Kovda&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1168&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eurasian+Soil+Science&rft.issn=10642293&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.maik.rssi.ru/cgi-bin/journal.pl?name=soilsci&page=main LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 32 N1 - PubXState - AL N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 6 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSCAE N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Caucasus; chemical composition; chemical properties; climate; Commonwealth of Independent States; Europe; gilgai; Northern Caucasus; physical properties; Russian Federation; slopes; soils; Stavropol region; Stavropol Russian Federation; subtropical environment; Texas; United States; Vertisols ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A proposed continental-scale soil geochemical survey of North America; establishing a database for the 21st century AN - 51786977; 2004-081364 AB - In 2003, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), in partnership with the Geological Survey of Canada, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Health Canada, and the Consejo de Recursos Minerales (Mexico), began an effort to study the feasibility of conducting a new soil geochemical survey of North America. This undertaking is being considered because the most-often-quoted data set for background concentrations of metals and other trace elements in soils of the conterminous United States consists of only 1,323 samples collected during the 1960s and 1970s by the USGS under the leadership of H. T. Shacklette. Samples from the "Shacklette data" were collected from a depth of about 1 ft, primarily from noncultivated fields having native vegetation, and analyzed for more than 40 elements. This data set represents a density of only one sample per about 6,000 km2 (2,300 mi2). The only other national-scale soil geochemical data set for the United States was generated by the NRCS and contains 3,045 samples of agricultural soil collected from major crop-producing areas of the conterminous US. These samples were only analyzed for five elements (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, and Ni). These two national-scale databases are inadequate to address the increasing number of questions posed by the risk assessment and regulatory community, health scientists, land managers, as well as soil and earth scientists. In addition, neither Canada nor Mexico has a national-scale soil trace-element geochemical database. A Soil Geochemistry Workshop drawing 112 international attendees was held in March 2003 to officially initiate the feasibility study. This group made recommendations for sample design, sample collection protocols, and analytical protocols for the proposed new survey. It was recommended that the new survey include, in addition to "standard" total inorganic elemental analysis, determination of parameters such as bioavailability, selected organic compounds, and microbial characterization. Pilot studies, each of 2-year duration, will begin on 3-4 areas representing diverse geography, climate, soil types, geology, land use, and population density during late 2003 to test recommended protocols. The protocols will be finalized and the continental-scale survey will ideally begin in 2006. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Smith, David B AU - Goldhaber, Martin B AU - Helsel, Dennis R AU - Garrett, Robert G AU - Wilson, Michael A AU - Burt, Rebecca AU - Gomez de la Rosa, Enrique AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - November 2003 SP - 131 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 35 IS - 6 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - mineral exploration KW - survey organizations KW - U. S. Geological Survey KW - government agencies KW - data processing KW - data management KW - geochemical surveys KW - sampling KW - conservation KW - data bases KW - trace elements KW - chemical composition KW - geochemistry KW - soils KW - North America KW - pollution KW - information management KW - Mexico KW - Canada KW - metals KW - land management KW - soil surveys KW - metal ores KW - surveys KW - land use KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51786977?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=A+proposed+continental-scale+soil+geochemical+survey+of+North+America%3B+establishing+a+database+for+the+21st+century&rft.au=Smith%2C+David+B%3BGoldhaber%2C+Martin+B%3BHelsel%2C+Dennis+R%3BGarrett%2C+Robert+G%3BWilson%2C+Michael+A%3BBurt%2C+Rebecca%3BGomez+de+la+Rosa%2C+Enrique%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 2003 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Canada; chemical composition; conservation; data bases; data management; data processing; geochemical surveys; geochemistry; government agencies; information management; land management; land use; metal ores; metals; Mexico; mineral exploration; North America; pollution; sampling; soil surveys; soils; survey organizations; surveys; trace elements; U. S. Geological Survey; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Snowballs in the Devil's Anus and other adventures in the world of pedogenic sulfates AN - 51711388; 2005-043757 AB - Gypsic soils occupy more than 2X10 (super 8) hectares worldwide. Pedogenic gypsum can form in any type of parent material, and is most common in arid and semi-arid climates. Accumulation of gypsum in soil can affect all physical and chemical characteristics and produce adverse effects on both agricultural and engineering uses. In this study, we examined pedogenic gypsum in Quaternary to modern soils from Nevada, California, New Mexico, northern Jordan; and in Eocene paleosols from northeastern Mexico. Methods used included field descriptions, petrographic microscope, SEM/EDS, XRD, and Electron Microprobe (EPMA/WDS) analyses. In non-gypsic parent materials, with increasing time (and sulfate input), pedogenic sulfate minerals form 0.5-3 mm spherical accumulations of crystals termed snowballs; stage II nodules; and massive, indurated horizons. The snowball morphology is a characteristic feature of sulfate minerals, and contrary to a previous study, soil microorganisms are not necessary for snowball formation. However, research in Jordan suggests that shallow accumulations of pedogenic gypsum may act as an oasis -- wherein the hygroscopic nature of the gypsum attracts water vapor and creates micro-environments for organisms. This morphology is also found at a smaller scale: micro-snowballs (100-500 mu m spherical accumulations of tabular crystals) form during intense evaporation and precipitation events. Soil morphology of pedogenic gypsum should not be the only criterion used to determine relative age of soil development because the morphology is not only time-dependant, but also controlled by the input of gypsum into the soil (determined by the mechanism of transport of gypsum to the site of pedogenesis and/or the nature of the parent material). Pedogenic sulfate minerals and other salts are not only important in modern and Quaternary soils, but can persist into the rock record and can be used for a multitude of paleoenvironmental, and tectonic applications. For example, Eocene paleosols in the Carroza Formation in Mexico (Devil's Anus) contain pedogenic gypsum that accumulated during periods of uplift and exposure of the La Popa diapir. Snowballs, stage II nodules, and natric horizons are preserved and provide insight into the tectonic history of the diapir. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Buck, B J AU - Lawton, T F AU - Merkler, D AU - Howley, R A AU - Khresat, S AU - Rawajfih, Z AU - Waidmann, B AU - Hanson, A AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - November 2003 SP - 257 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 35 IS - 6 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - Carroza Formation KW - terrestrial environment KW - X-ray diffraction data KW - semi-arid environment KW - New Mexico KW - electron probe data KW - Cenozoic KW - California KW - mineral composition KW - Jordan KW - gypsum KW - movement KW - stratigraphic units KW - chemical composition KW - Asia KW - geochemistry KW - Nevada KW - Middle East KW - La Popa Diapir KW - climate KW - soils KW - diapirs KW - pedogenesis KW - Quaternary KW - sulfates KW - sediment transport KW - Eocene KW - Paleogene KW - Tertiary KW - paleoenvironment KW - Mexico KW - SEM data KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51711388?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Snowballs+in+the+Devil%27s+Anus+and+other+adventures+in+the+world+of+pedogenic+sulfates&rft.au=Buck%2C+B+J%3BLawton%2C+T+F%3BMerkler%2C+D%3BHowley%2C+R+A%3BKhresat%2C+S%3BRawajfih%2C+Z%3BWaidmann%2C+B%3BHanson%2C+A%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Buck&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=257&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 2003 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Asia; California; Carroza Formation; Cenozoic; chemical composition; climate; diapirs; electron probe data; Eocene; geochemistry; gypsum; Jordan; La Popa Diapir; Mexico; Middle East; mineral composition; movement; Nevada; New Mexico; paleoenvironment; Paleogene; pedogenesis; Quaternary; sediment transport; SEM data; semi-arid environment; soils; stratigraphic units; sulfates; terrestrial environment; Tertiary; United States; X-ray diffraction data ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioconversion of n-3 and n-6 PUFA by Clavibacter sp. ALA2 AN - 21348223; 12039085 AB - Clavibacter sp. ALA2 oxidized n-3 and n-6 PUFA into a variety of oxylipins. Structures of products converted from EPA and DHA were determined as 15,18-dihydroxy-14,17-epoxy-5(Z),8(Z),11(Z)-eicosatrienoic acid and 17,20-dihydroxy-16,19-epoxy-4(Z),7(Z),10(Z),13(Z)-docosatetraenoic acid by GC-MS and NMR analyses. In contrast, g-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid were converted to diepoxy bicyclic FA, tetrahydrofuranyl monohydroxy FA, and trihydroxy FA. Thus, the structures of bioconversion products were different between n-3 and n-6 PUFA. Furthermore, strain ALA2 placed hydroxy groups and cyclic structures at the same position from the w-terminal despite the number of carbons in the chain and the double bonds in the PUFA. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Hosokawa, Masashi AU - Hou, Ching T AU - Weisleder, Dave AD - Microbial Genomics and Bioprocessing Research Unit, NCAUR, ARS, USDA, 1815 N. University St., 61604 Peoria, Illinois, houct@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - Nov 2003 SP - 1085 EP - 1091 PB - American Oil Chemists' Society Press, 1608 Broadmoor Dr Champaign IL 61826-3489 USA VL - 80 IS - 11 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Oil KW - g-linolenic acid KW - Carbon KW - bioconversion KW - Arachidonic acid KW - N.M.R. KW - J 02490:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21348223?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Bioconversion+of+n-3+and+n-6+PUFA+by+Clavibacter+sp.+ALA2&rft.au=Hosokawa%2C+Masashi%3BHou%2C+Ching+T%3BWeisleder%2C+Dave&rft.aulast=Hosokawa&rft.aufirst=Masashi&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1085&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11746-003-0824-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oil; g-linolenic acid; Carbon; bioconversion; Arachidonic acid; N.M.R. DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-003-0824-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation and 16S DNA Characterization of Soil Microorganisms from Tropical Soils Capable of Utilizing the Herbicides Hexazinone and Tebuthiuron AN - 21113730; 5895903 AB - Six non-fermentative bacteria were isolated from Colombian (South America) and Hawaiian (USA) soils after enrichment with minimal medium supplemented with two herbicides, hexazinone (Hex) and tebuthiuron (Teb). Microscopic examination and physiological tests were followed by partial 16S DNA sequence analysis, using the first 527 bp of the 16S rRNA gene for bacterial identification. The isolated microorganisms (and in brackets, the herbicide that each degraded) were identified as: from Colombia, Methylobacterium organophilum [Teb], Paenibacillus pabuli [Teb], and Microbacterium foliorum [Hex]; and from Hawaii, Methylobacterium radiotolerans [Teb], Paenibacillus illinoisensis [Hex], and Rhodococcus equi [Hex]. The findings further explain how these herbicides, which have potential for illicit coca (Erythroxylum sp.) control, dissipate following their application to tropical soils. JF - Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B: Pesticides, Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes AU - Mostafa, FIY AU - Helling, C S AD - Alternate Crops and Systems Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bldg. 001, BARC-West, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, Hellingc@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - Nov 2003 SP - 783 EP - 797 VL - B38 IS - 6 SN - 0360-1234, 0360-1234 KW - tebuthiuron KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Agricultural wastes KW - Erythroxylum KW - Herbicides KW - Colombia KW - A 01054:Effect of herbicides KW - N 14815:Nucleotide Sequence KW - W 30935:Food Biotechnology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21113730?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+B%3A+Pesticides%2C+Food+Contaminants+and+Agricultural+Wastes&rft.atitle=Isolation+and+16S+DNA+Characterization+of+Soil+Microorganisms+from+Tropical+Soils+Capable+of+Utilizing+the+Herbicides+Hexazinone+and+Tebuthiuron&rft.au=Mostafa%2C+FIY%3BHelling%2C+C+S&rft.aulast=Mostafa&rft.aufirst=FIY&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=B38&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=783&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+B%3A+Pesticides%2C+Food+Contaminants+and+Agricultural+Wastes&rft.issn=03601234&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FPFC-120025579 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-11 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Herbicides; Erythroxylum; Colombia DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/PFC-120025579 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth Response and Selenium and Boron Distribution in Broccoli Varieties Irrigated with Poor Quality Water AN - 21037879; 8502446 AB - Selenium (Se), and boron (B), and salinity contamination of agricultural drainage water is potentially hazardous for water reuse strategies in central California. This greenhouse study assessed tolerance and Se, B, and chloride (Cl-) accumulation in different varieties (Emerald City, Samurai, Greenbelt, Marathon) of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) irrigated with water of the following different qualities: (1) non-saline [electrical conductivity (EC) of <1dSm-1]; (2) Cl-/sulfate salinity of ~5dSm-1, 250µgSeL-1, and 5mgBL-1; and (3) non-saline and 250µgSeL-1. One hundred and ten days after transplanting, plants were harvested and dry weight (DW) yields and plant accumulation of Se, B, and Cl- was evaluated in floret, leaf, and stem. Irrespective of treatments floret yields from var. Samurai were the lowest among all varieties, while floret yields from var. Marathon was the only variety to exhibit some sensitivity to treatments. For all varieties, plant Se concentrations were greatest in the floret (up to 51mgkg-1 DW) irrespective of treatment, and B and Cl- concentrations were greatest in the leaves; 110mgBkg-1 DW and 5.4% Cl-, respectively. At post harvest, treatment 2 (with salinity, B, and Se) increased soil salinity to almost 6dSm-1, total Se concentrations to a high of 0.64mgkg-1 DW soil, and water soluble B concentrations to a high of 2.3mgBL-1; soluble Se concentrations were insignificant. The results indicate that var. Emerald City, Greenbelt, and Marathon should be considered as recipients of moderately saline effluent enriched with Se and B under field conditions. JF - Journal of Plant Nutrition AU - Banuelos, G S AU - Pasakdee, S AU - Finley, J W AD - USDA-ARS Water Management Research Lab., Parlier, California, USA Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - Nov 2003 SP - 2537 EP - 2549 PB - Taylor & Francis, 11 New Fetter Lane London EC4P 4EE UK, [mailto:info@tandf.co.uk], [URL:http://www.tandf.co.uk] VL - 26 IS - 12 SN - 0190-4167, 0190-4167 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Canada, Ontario, Marathon KW - Selenium KW - Yield KW - Salinity KW - Growth KW - Varieties KW - Chlorides KW - USA, California KW - Accumulation KW - Boron KW - Nutrition KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21037879?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Plant+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Growth+Response+and+Selenium+and+Boron+Distribution+in+Broccoli+Varieties+Irrigated+with+Poor+Quality+Water&rft.au=Banuelos%2C+G+S%3BPasakdee%2C+S%3BFinley%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Banuelos&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2537&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Plant+Nutrition&rft.issn=01904167&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FPLN-120025477 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Selenium; Growth; Salinity; Yield; Varieties; Chlorides; Nutrition; Boron; Accumulation; Canada, Ontario, Marathon; USA, California DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/PLN-120025477 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lipoprotein Metabolism in Obesity and Diabetes: Insights from Stable Isotope Kinetic Studies in Humans AN - 20410332; 9084681 AB - The paradigm of obesity leading to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes is examined in relation to dyslipidemia, which typically consists of high levels of triglycerides (TG) and low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Kinetic studies with stable isotope-labeled amino acid precursors have shown that the development of visceral obesity, as well as type 2 diabetes, leads to overproduction of the apolipoprotein B-100 and TG in very low- density lipoproteins. Elevated plasma levels or increased flux of albumin-bound free fatty acids to the liver appear to be underlying metabolic events in this process. Low levels of HDL are due to increased catabolism, which can be related to TG enrichment. JF - Nutrition Reviews AU - Marsh, Julian B AD - Atherosclerosis Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - Nov 2003 SP - 363 EP - 375 PB - International Life Sciences Institute, PO Box 1897 Lawrence KS 66044-8897 USA, [mailto:ilsi@ilsi.org], [URL:http://www.ilsi.org] VL - 61 IS - 11 SN - 0029-6643, 0029-6643 KW - Physical Education Index KW - LIPOPROTEIN METABOLISM KW - OBESITY KW - DIABETES KW - INSULIN KW - KINETICS KW - APOB-100 KW - APOB-48 KW - APOA-I KW - TRIGLYCERIDE KW - HDL KW - VLDL KW - LDL KW - Obesity KW - Blood KW - Kinetics KW - Lipids KW - Liver KW - Hormones KW - Nutrition KW - Metabolism KW - Diabetes KW - PE 090:Sports Medicine & Exercise Sport Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20410332?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+Reviews&rft.atitle=Lipoprotein+Metabolism+in+Obesity+and+Diabetes%3A+Insights+from+Stable+Isotope+Kinetic+Studies+in+Humans&rft.au=Marsh%2C+Julian+B&rft.aulast=Marsh&rft.aufirst=Julian&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=363&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrition+Reviews&rft.issn=00296643&rft_id=info:doi/10.1301%2Fnr.2003.nov.363-375 LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2009-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Blood; Obesity; Lipids; Kinetics; Liver; Nutrition; Hormones; Metabolism; Diabetes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1301/nr.2003.nov.363-375 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Joint Framework for Analysis of Agri-Environmental Payment Programs AN - 20190185; 6227231 AB - This article presents an approach for simultaneously estimating farmers' decisions to accept incentive payments in return for adopting a bundle of environmentally benign best management practices. Using the results of a multinomial probit analysis of surveys of over 1,000 farmers facing five adoption decisions in a voluntary program, we show how the farmers' perceptions of the desirability of various bundles change with the offer amounts and with which practices are offered in the bundle. We also demonstrate an estimator for the mean minimum willingness to accept for the adoption of a practice conditional on the cost share offers for other practices. JF - American Journal of Agricultural Economics AU - Cooper, J C AD - Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - Nov 2003 SP - 976 EP - 987 VL - 85 IS - 4 SN - 0002-9092, 0002-9092 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - best practices KW - Perception KW - agricultural economics KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20190185?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Agricultural+Economics&rft.atitle=A+Joint+Framework+for+Analysis+of+Agri-Environmental+Payment+Programs&rft.au=Reddy%2C+K+N&rft.aulast=Reddy&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=28&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Technology&rft.issn=0890037X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0890-037X%282003%29017%280028%3AIORCCA%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - best practices; Perception; agricultural economics DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8276.00501 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cover crop, tillage, and herbicide effects on weeds, soil properties, microbial populations, and soybean yield AN - 19944849; 5775718 AB - A field study was conducted during 1997 to 2001 on a Dundee silt loam soil at Stoneville, MS, to examine the effects of rye and crimson clover residues on weeds, soil properties, soil microbial populations, and soybean yield in conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) systems with preemergence (PRE)-only, postemergence (POST)-only, and PRE plus POST herbicide programs. Rye and crimson clover were planted in October, desiccated in April, and tilled (CT plots only) before planting soybean. Both cover-crop residues reduced density of barnyardgrass, broadleaf signalgrass, browntop millet, entireleaf morningglory, and hyssop spurge but did not affect yellow nutsedge at 7 wk after soybean planting (WAP) in the absence of herbicides. Densities of these weed species were generally lower with PRE-only, POST-only, and PRE plus POST applications than with no-herbicide treatment. Total weed dry biomass was lower when comparing CT (1,570 kg ha-1) with NT (1,970 kg ha-1), rye (1,520 kg ha-1) with crimson clover (2,050 kg ha-1), and PRE plus POST (640 kg ha-1) with PRE-only (1,870 kg ha-1) or POST-only (1,130 kg ha-1) treatments at 7 WAP. Soils with crimson clover had higher organic matter, NO3-N, SO4-S, and Mn, and lower pH compared with rye and no-cover crop soils. Total fungi and bacterial populations and fluorescein diacetate hydrolytic activity were higher in soil with crimson clover, followed by rye and no cover crop. Soybean yields were similar between CT (1,830 kg ha-1) and NT (1,960 kg ha-1), no cover crop (2,010 kg ha-1) and rye (1,900 kg ha-1), and rye and crimson clover (1,790 kg ha-1), but they were higher in PRE plus POST (2,260 kg ha-1) than in PRE-only (1,890 kg ha-1) or POST-only (1,970 kg ha-1) treatments. Nomenclature: Acifluorfen; bentazon; clethodim; flumetsulam; metolachlor; barnyardgrass, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. ECHCG; broadleaf signalgrass, Brachiaria platyphylla (Griseb.) Nash BRAPP; browntop millet, Brachiaria ramosa (L.) Stapf. PANRA; entireleaf morningglory, Ipomoea hederacea var. integriuscula Gray IPOHG; hyssop spurge, Euphorbia hyssopifolia L. EPHHS; yellow nutsedge, Cyperus esculentus L. CYPES; crimson clover, Trifolium incarnatum L. 'Dixie'; rye, Secale cereale L. 'Elbon'; soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. JF - Weed Science AU - Reddy, K N AU - Zablotowicz, R M AU - Locke, MA AU - Koger, CH AD - Corresponding author. Southern Weed Science Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776, kreddy@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - Nov 2003 SP - 987 EP - 994 PB - Weed Science Society of America VL - 51 IS - 6 SN - 0043-1745, 0043-1745 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Weeds KW - Echinochloa crus-galli KW - Crops KW - Planting KW - Brachiaria platyphylla KW - pH effects KW - Manganese KW - Brachiaria KW - Fungi KW - fluorescein diacetate KW - Cover crops KW - Biomass KW - Soybeans KW - Tillage KW - Trifolium incarnatum KW - Ipomoea hederacea KW - Nomenclature KW - Bentazon KW - Glycine max KW - Soil properties KW - Soils (loam) KW - Metolachlor KW - Organic matter KW - Herbicides KW - Cyperus esculentus KW - Euphorbia hyssopifolia KW - Secale cereale KW - J 02420:Plant Diseases KW - A 01400:Soil Microbes KW - K 03420:Plant Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19944849?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Science&rft.atitle=Cover+crop%2C+tillage%2C+and+herbicide+effects+on+weeds%2C+soil+properties%2C+microbial+populations%2C+and+soybean+yield&rft.au=Reddy%2C+K+N%3BZablotowicz%2C+R+M%3BLocke%2C+MA%3BKoger%2C+CH&rft.aulast=Reddy&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=987&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Science&rft.issn=00431745&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0043-1745%282003%29051%280987%3ACCTAHE%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0043-1745&volume=51&page=987 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ipomoea hederacea; Brachiaria; Brachiaria platyphylla; Euphorbia hyssopifolia; Secale cereale; Echinochloa crus-galli; Trifolium incarnatum; Glycine max; Cyperus esculentus; Soybeans; Weeds; Herbicides; Cover crops; Tillage; Planting; Soil properties; Biomass; Nomenclature; Fungi; Crops; Bentazon; fluorescein diacetate; Manganese; Soils (loam); pH effects; Metolachlor; Organic matter DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0043-1745(2003)051(0987:CCTAHE)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Manure Management on Carbon Evolution and Water Extractable Phosphorus AN - 19322010; 8610659 AB - Soils with excessive phosphorus (P) levels due to manure application are an environmental concern because water extractable P (WEP) in runoff from these soils can contribute to increased amounts P in surface water, which can contribute to eutrophication of freshwater. Phosphorus based manure management is an option to reduce WEP and thereby reduce agricultural P runoff. In P based manure management, manure is applied to meet the P needs of a crop or not to exceed a given soil test level. Because P base manure management does not supply enough nitrogen (N) to meet the needs of the crop, addition fertilizer N needs to be applied. Fertilizer N applied to soils may increase the rate of mineralization of organic matter and lowers soil pH and therefore may affect the solubility of soil inorganic and organic P pools. The extent to which this may affect WEP or plant P availability is not known. Thus, laboratory and greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the effects of P based manure management on WEP and on short-term P plant availability. Phosphorus based manure management had no significant effect on the shift of organic P to WEP, but the increased acidity due to urea hydrolysis and subsequent nitrification of ammonia had a significant effect on the solubilization of P form the Ca-bound IP pool, thereby increasing WEP. This could be a significant consideration where Ca-bound IP dominates IP, P based manure management is implemented and increased WEP is subject to export to surface waters via runoff. JF - Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis AU - Stout, W L AU - Dell, C J AU - Schnabel, R R AD - Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, USDA-ARS, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - Nov 2003 SP - 2901 EP - 2912 PB - Taylor & Francis, 11 New Fetter Lane London EC4P 4EE UK, [mailto:info@tandf.co.uk], [URL:http://www.tandf.co.uk] VL - 34 IS - 19-20 SN - 0010-3624, 0010-3624 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Fertilizers KW - Carbon KW - Manure KW - Phosphorus KW - Pools KW - Surface Water KW - Acidity KW - Runoff KW - Crops KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 7060:Research facilities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19322010?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communications+in+Soil+Science+and+Plant+Analysis&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Manure+Management+on+Carbon+Evolution+and+Water+Extractable+Phosphorus&rft.au=Stout%2C+W+L%3BDell%2C+C+J%3BSchnabel%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Stout&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=19-20&rft.spage=2901&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Communications+in+Soil+Science+and+Plant+Analysis&rft.issn=00103624&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FCSS-120025215 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Manure; Phosphorus; Surface Water; Crops; Runoff; Fertilizers; Pools; Carbon; Acidity DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/CSS-120025215 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecological implications from a molecular analysis of phytoplasmas involved in an aster yellows epidemic in various crops in Texas AN - 19240561; 5814060 AB - In the spring of 2000, an aster yellows (AY) epidemic occurred in carrot crops in the Winter Garden region of southwestern Texas. A survey revealed that vegetable crops, including cabbage, onion, parsley, and dill, and some weeds also were infected by AY phytoplasmas. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of PCR-amplified phytoplasma 16S rDNA were employed for the detection and identification of phytoplasmas associated with these crops and weeds. Phytoplasmas belonging to two subgroups, 16SrI-A and 16SrI-B, in the AY group (16SrI), were predominantly detected in infected plants. Carrot, parsley, and dill were infected with both subgroups. Onion and three species of weeds (prickly lettuce, lazy daisy, and false ragweed) were predominantly or exclusively infected by subgroup 16SrI-A phytoplasma strains, while cabbage was infected by subgroup 16SrI-B phytoplasmas. Both types of phytoplasmas were detected in three leafhopper species, Macrosteles fascifrons, Scaphytopius irroratus, and Ceratagallia abrupta, commonly present in this region during the period of the epidemic. Mixed infections were very common in individual carrot, parsley, and dill plants and in individual leafhoppers. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses of 16S rDNA and ribosomal protein (rp) gene sequences indicated that phytoplasma strains within subgroup 16SrI-A or subgroup 16SrI-B, detected in various plant species and putative insect vectors, were highly homogeneous. However, based on rp sequences, two rpI subgroups were identified within the subgroup 16SrI-A strain cluster. The majority of subgroup 16SrI-A phytoplasma strains were classified as rp subgroup rpI-A, but phytoplasma strains detected in one onion sample and two leafhoppers (M. fascifrons and C. abrupta) were different and classified as a new rp subgroup, rpI-N. The degree of genetic homogeneity of the phytoplasmas involved in the epidemic suggested that the phytoplasmas came from the same pool and that all three leafhopper species may have been involved in the epidemic. The different phytoplasma population profiles present in various crops may be attributed to the ecological constraints as a result of the vector-phytoplasma-plant three-way interaction. JF - Phytopathology AU - Lee, I-M AU - Martini, M AU - Bottner, K D AU - Dane, R A AU - Black, M C AU - Troxclair, N AD - US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, leeim@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - Nov 2003 SP - 1368 EP - 1377 VL - 93 IS - 11 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Phylogeny KW - Host specificity KW - Plant diseases KW - Epidemics KW - Genotyping KW - Restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - Phytoplasma KW - Ribosomal proteins KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - USA, Texas KW - rRNA 16S KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - A 01024:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19240561?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Ecological+implications+from+a+molecular+analysis+of+phytoplasmas+involved+in+an+aster+yellows+epidemic+in+various+crops+in+Texas&rft.au=Lee%2C+I-M%3BMartini%2C+M%3BBottner%2C+K+D%3BDane%2C+R+A%3BBlack%2C+M+C%3BTroxclair%2C+N&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=I-M&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1368&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phytoplasma; USA, Texas; Plant diseases; Epidemics; Polymerase chain reaction; Restriction fragment length polymorphism; Genotyping; Host specificity; rRNA 16S; Ribosomal proteins; Phylogeny ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water use by drip-irrigated late-season peaches AN - 19231704; 5768888 AB - A 4-year experiment was conducted using a large weighing lysimeter to determine the crop coefficient and crop water use of a late-season peach cultivar (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch, cultivar O'Henry) irrigated with a surface drip system. Two trees were planted in a 2 x 4 x 2 m deep weighing lysimeter that was surface irrigated with ten 2 L/h in-line drip emitters spaced evenly around the trees. Irrigation was applied in 12 mm applications after a 12 mm water loss threshold was exceeded as measured by the lysimeter. The crop coefficient (K sub(c)) was calculated using the measured water losses and grass reference evapotranspiration calculated using the CIMIS Penman equation.K sub(c) was plotted against day of the year and linear, quadratic, and cubic regressions were fitted to the data. A three-segment linear and the cubic equation had the best fit to the data. The maximumK sub(c) determined for the linear fit in this experiment was 1.06 compared with a maximum of 0.92 recommended for use in California and 0.98 calculated using the FAO method. Average annual water use for the 4 years of the experiment was 1,034 mm. Mid-day canopy light interception was found to be well correlated with the crop coefficient determined using the lysimeter data. JF - Irrigation Science AU - Ayars, JE AU - Johnson, R S AU - Phene, C J AU - Trout, T J AU - Clark, DA AU - Mead, R M AD - Water Management Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, CA 93648, Parlier, USA, jayars@fresno.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - November 2003 SP - 187 EP - 194 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 22 IS - 3-4 SN - 0342-7188, 0342-7188 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Trees KW - Grasses KW - Peaches KW - Irrigation KW - Evapotranspiration KW - Crops KW - Water Use KW - Interception KW - Lysimeters KW - Irrigation Water KW - USA, California KW - Water Loss KW - Canopy KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19231704?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irrigation+Science&rft.atitle=Water+use+by+drip-irrigated+late-season+peaches&rft.au=Ayars%2C+JE%3BJohnson%2C+R+S%3BPhene%2C+C+J%3BTrout%2C+T+J%3BClark%2C+DA%3BMead%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Ayars&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=187&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Irrigation+Science&rft.issn=03427188&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00271-003-0084-4 L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00271/bibs/30223-4/30220187.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Grasses; Interception; Trees; Peaches; Irrigation; Lysimeters; Irrigation Water; Evapotranspiration; Water Loss; Canopy; Crops; Water Use; USA, California DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00271-003-0084-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Folate Biosynthesis Pseudogenes, psi folP and psi folK, and an O-Sialoglycoprotein Endopeptidase Gene Homolog in the Phytoplasma Genome AN - 19222542; 5796393 AB - Phytoplasmas are wall-less phytopathogenic prokaryotes of small genome sizes that are obligate parasites of insect vectors and plant hosts. We have cloned a clover phyllody (CPh) phytoplasma DNA locus containing five potential coding sequences. Two were identified as pseudogenes ( psi folP and psi folK) homologous to folP and folK genes, which encode dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) and 6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropterin pyrophosphokinase (HPPK), respectively, in other bacteria. Evolution of the phytoplasma presumably involved loss of functions through the formation of these and other pseudogenes during adaptation to obligate parasitism. The findings suggest that the phytoplasma lacks capacity for de novo folate biosynthesis and possesses a transport system for absorption of preformed folate from host cells. The psi folP- psi folK region was flanked by three open reading frames (ORFs) encoding a DegV family protein, a hypothetical protein with a P60-like lipoprotein domain homologous with the P60-like Mycoplasma hominis protein, and a glycoprotease (Gcp) protein that possibly functions as a host adaptation or virulence factor. JF - DNA and Cell Biology AU - Davis, R E AU - Jomantiene, R AU - Zhao, Yan AU - Dally, EL AD - Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Room 118, Bldg. 004, BARC West, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, davisr@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - Nov 2003 SP - 697 EP - 706 VL - 22 IS - 11 SN - 1044-5498, 1044-5498 KW - 6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropterin pyrophosphokinase KW - DegV protein KW - psi double prime folK gene KW - psi double prime folP gene KW - psi folK gene KW - psi folP gene KW - clover phyllody gene KW - glycoprotease KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Genetics Abstracts KW - qfolK gene KW - qfolP gene KW - ^q^AfolK gene KW - ^q^AfolP gene KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Phytoplasma KW - Dihydropteroate synthase KW - Mycoplasma hominis KW - Lipoproteins KW - Folic acid KW - Open reading frames KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19222542?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=DNA+and+Cell+Biology&rft.atitle=Folate+Biosynthesis+Pseudogenes%2C+psi+folP+and+psi+folK%2C+and+an+O-Sialoglycoprotein+Endopeptidase+Gene+Homolog+in+the+Phytoplasma+Genome&rft.au=Davis%2C+R+E%3BJomantiene%2C+R%3BZhao%2C+Yan%3BDally%2C+EL&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=697&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=DNA+and+Cell+Biology&rft.issn=10445498&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phytoplasma; Mycoplasma hominis; Nucleotide sequence; Open reading frames; Lipoproteins; Folic acid; Dihydropteroate synthase ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Volatile emissions triggered by multiple herbivore damage: Beet armyworm and whitefly feeding on cotton plants AN - 19213713; 5796652 AB - Plants are commonly attacked by more than one species of herbivore, potentially causing the induction of multiple, and possibly competing, plant defense systems. In the present paper, we determined the interaction between feeding by the phloem feeder silverleaf whitefly (SWF), Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (B-biotype = B. argentifolii Bellows and Perring), and the leafchewing beet armyworm (BAW), Spodoptera exigua Huebner, with regard to the induction of volatile compounds from cotton plants. Compared to undamaged control plants, infestation with SWF did not induce volatile emissions or affect the number and density of pigment glands that store volatile and nonvolatile terpenoid compounds, whereas infestation by BAW strongly induced plant volatile emission. When challenged by the two insect herbivores simultaneously, volatile emission was significantly less than for plants infested with only BAW. Our results suggest that tritrophic level interactions between cotton, BAW, and natural enemies of BAW, that are known to be mediated by plant volatile emissions, may be perturbed by simultaneous infestation by SWF. Possible mechanisms by which the presence of whiteflies may attenuate volatile emissions from caterpillar-damaged cotton plants are discussed. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Rodriguez-Saona, C AU - Crafts-Brandner, S J AU - Canas, LA AD - USDA-ARS, Western Cotton Research Laboratory, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA, scraftsbrandner@wcrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - Nov 2003 SP - 2539 EP - 2550 VL - 29 IS - 11 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Hemiptera KW - Lepidoptera KW - Whiteflies KW - Noctuid moths KW - Beet armyworm KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Aleyrodidae KW - Herbivory KW - Tri-trophic interactions KW - Volatiles KW - Spodoptera exigua KW - Defense mechanisms KW - Bemisia tabaci KW - Noctuidae KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19213713?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Volatile+emissions+triggered+by+multiple+herbivore+damage%3A+Beet+armyworm+and+whitefly+feeding+on+cotton+plants&rft.au=Rodriguez-Saona%2C+C%3BCrafts-Brandner%2C+S+J%3BCanas%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Rodriguez-Saona&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2539&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aleyrodidae; Noctuidae; Bemisia tabaci; Spodoptera exigua; Volatiles; Herbivory; Defense mechanisms; Tri-trophic interactions ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New Mealybug Species Vectoring Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Viruses-1 and -3 (GLRaV-1 and -3) AN - 19199598; 5769281 AB - Many grape viruses, such as filamentous Grapevine leafroll-associated viruses in the Closteroviridae family, are spread primarily through infected propagating material. However, there is increasing evidence that leafroll disease are spread in the field by insect vectors, namely mealybugs and other scale insects. This study was carried out in the northern wine-growing regions of France where Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-1 and -3 (GLRaV-1 and -3) are the most widespread grape Ampelovirus species. The vineyards were inspected for presence of mealybug and scale insects and grapes infected by GLRaV-1 and -3. Mealybugs, Heliococcus bohemicus, Phenacoccus aceris (Pseudococcidae) and the soft scale insect Parthenolecanium corni (Coccidae), were capable of a transmission efficiency of 14%, 23% and 29% respectively. GLRaV-1 and -3 infections that resulted from virus transmission were confirmed with DAS-ELISA using polyclonal antibodies. This is the first report of GLRaV-1 and -3 transmission by mealybug and coccid species in France, and the first report of the ability of H. bohemicus and Phenacoccus aceris to transmit these viruses to grapevines. The relevance of these findings with regards to maintenance of virus-free grapevine stocks and to control leafroll spread in commercial vineyards is discussed. JF - European Journal of Plant Pathology AU - Sforza, R AU - Boudon-Padieu, E AU - Greif, C AD - USDA-ARS-EBCL, Campus International de Baillarguet CS90013 Montferrier-sur-Lez, 34988 St-Gely-du Fesc, France, rsforza@ars-ebcl.org Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - Nov 2003 SP - 975 EP - 981 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 109 IS - 9 SN - 0929-1873, 0929-1873 KW - Homoptera KW - Coccoidea KW - leaf roll KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Vineyards KW - Pseudococcidae KW - Disease transmission KW - France KW - Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1 KW - Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 KW - Parthenolecanium corni KW - Heliococcus bohemicus KW - Coccidae KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Plant diseases KW - Vectors KW - Phenacoccus aceris KW - V 22181:Detection KW - A 01027:Fruit trees KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19199598?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=New+Mealybug+Species+Vectoring+Grapevine+Leafroll-Associated+Viruses-1+and+-3+%28GLRaV-1+and+-3%29&rft.au=Sforza%2C+R%3BBoudon-Padieu%2C+E%3BGreif%2C+C&rft.aulast=Sforza&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=975&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=European+Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=1539-1663&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Heliococcus bohemicus; Phenacoccus aceris; Pseudococcidae; Parthenolecanium corni; Coccidae; Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1; Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3; France; Plant diseases; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Disease transmission; Vectors; Vineyards ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antimicrobial susceptibility and factors affecting the shedding of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella in dairy cattle AN - 19193836; 5772552 AB - To examine factors affecting faecal shedding of the foodborne pathogens Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella in dairy cattle and evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility of these isolates. Faecal samples were obtained in replicate from lactating (LAC; n = 60) and non-lactating (NLAC; n = 60) Holstein cattle to determine influence of heat stress, parity, lactation status (LAC vs NLAC) and stage of lactation [ less than or equal to 60 or >60 days in milk (DIM)] and cultured for E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella. A portion of the recovered isolates were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility using the broth microdilution technique. No effects of heat stress were observed. Lactating cows shed more (P 0.10) bacterial shedding in NLAC cows. Cows less than or equal to 60 DIM shed more (P 60 DIM. Seventeen Salmonella serotypes were identified with the most prevalent being Senftenberg (18%), Newport (17%) and Anatum (15%). Seventy-nine of the Salmonella isolates were resistant to at least one of the seven antibiotics. Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolates were resistant to 11 different antibiotics with multiple resistance to nine or more antibiotics observed in five isolates. This study demonstrated differences in the shedding patterns of foodborne pathogens due to the stage of the milk production cycle and may help identify times when on-farm pathogen control would be the most effective. JF - Letters in Applied Microbiology AU - Fitzgerald, A AU - Edrington, T AU - Looper, M AU - Callaway, T AU - Genovese, K AU - Bischoff, K AU - McReynolds, J AU - Thomas, J AU - Anderson, R AU - Nisbet, D AD - Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, USDA, ARS, College Station, TX, USA, edrington@ffsru.tamu.edu Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - Nov 2003 SP - 392 EP - 398 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 37 IS - 5 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - cattle KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Animal isolates KW - Escherichia coli KW - Antibiotic sensitivity testing KW - Stress KW - Serotyping KW - Feces KW - Salmonella KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - Food-borne diseases KW - Lactation KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19193836?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Antimicrobial+susceptibility+and+factors+affecting+the+shedding+of+E.+coli+O157%3AH7+and+Salmonella+in+dairy+cattle&rft.au=Fitzgerald%2C+A%3BEdrington%2C+T%3BLooper%2C+M%3BCallaway%2C+T%3BGenovese%2C+K%3BBischoff%2C+K%3BMcReynolds%2C+J%3BThomas%2C+J%3BAnderson%2C+R%3BNisbet%2C+D&rft.aulast=Fitzgerald&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=392&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1472-765X.2003.01417.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Animal isolates; Antibiotic sensitivity testing; Serotyping; Stress; Feces; Food-borne diseases; Antibiotic resistance; Lactation; Escherichia coli; Salmonella DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-765X.2003.01417.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Computational methods and evaluation of RNA stabilization reagents for genome-wide expression studies AN - 19183873; 5753342 AB - Gene expression studies require high quality messenger RNA (mRNA) in addition to other factors such as efficient primers and labeling reagents. To prevent RNA degradation and to improve the quality of gene array expression data, several commercial reagents have become available. We examined a conventional hot-phenol lysis method and RNA stabilization reagents, and generated comparative gene expression profiles from Escherichia coli cells grown on minimal medium. Our data indicate that certain RNA stabilization reagents induce stress responses and proper caution must be exercised during their use. We observed that the laboratory reagent (phenol/EtOH, 5:95, v/v) worked efficiently in isolating high quality mRNA and reproducibility was such that reliable gene expression profiles were generated. To assist in the analysis of gene expression data, we wrote a number of macros that use the most recent gene annotation and process data in accordance with gene function. Scripts were also written to examine the occurrence of artifacts, based on GC content, length of the individual open reading frame (ORF), its distribution on plus and minus DNA strands, and the distance from the replication origin. JF - Journal of Microbiological Methods AU - Bhagwat, A A AU - Phadke, R P AU - Wheeler, D AU - Kalantre, S AU - Gudipati, M AU - Bhagwat, M AD - Produce Quality and Safety Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA, bhagwata@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - Nov 2003 SP - 399 EP - 409 VL - 55 IS - 2 SN - 0167-7012, 0167-7012 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Gene expression KW - Lysis KW - RNA KW - Replication KW - Escherichia coli KW - Phenols KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19183873?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Microbiological+Methods&rft.atitle=Computational+methods+and+evaluation+of+RNA+stabilization+reagents+for+genome-wide+expression+studies&rft.au=Bhagwat%2C+A+A%3BPhadke%2C+R+P%3BWheeler%2C+D%3BKalantre%2C+S%3BGudipati%2C+M%3BBhagwat%2C+M&rft.aulast=Bhagwat&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=399&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Microbiological+Methods&rft.issn=01677012&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0167-7012%2803%2900175-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Gene expression; RNA; Phenols; Replication; Lysis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-7012(03)00175-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Solid residues from Ruminococcus cellulose fermentations as components of wood adhesive formulations AN - 18953335; 5741324 AB - Residues from the fermentation of cellulose by the anaerobic bacteria Ruminococcus albus (strain 7) or Ruminococcus flavefaciens (strains FD-1 or B34b) containing residual cellulose, bacterial cells and their associated adhesins, were examined for their ability to serve as components of adhesives for plywood fabrication. The residues contained differing amounts of protein (0.4-4.2% of dry weight), but the ratios of monosaccharides recovered following two-stage treatment of the residue with detergent (pH 7) and TFA were similar for all three strains (0.71 glucose:0.18 xylose:0.08 mannose:0.02 galactose), suggesting similarities in exopolysaccharide composition. Three-ply aspen panels prepared with fermentation residues (FR) displayed better shear strength and wood failure under dry conditions than following a vacuum/pressure/soak/dry treatment, but adhesive properties were inferior to those prepared with conventional phenol-formaldehyde (PF) adhesives. However, panels prepared by incorporating the R. albus 7 FR into PF formulation, at 73% by weight of the total adhesive, exhibited shear strength and wood failure similar to that obtained with PF adhesive alone. Use of residues from fermentations by these bacteria as components of adhesives may add value to biomass fermentations aimed primarily at producing ethanol and other chemical products. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Weimer, P J AU - Conner, AH AU - Lorenz, L F AD - United States Dairy Forage Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1925 Linden Drive West, WI 53706, Madison, USA, pjweimer@wisc.edu Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - Nov 2003 SP - 29 EP - 34 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 63 IS - 1 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - cellulose KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Adhesins KW - Fermentation KW - Wood KW - Ruminococcus flavefaciens KW - Ruminococcus albus KW - Adhesives KW - A 01015:Fermentation & related processes KW - W2 32580:Fermentation and process engineering KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 320:Cell Culture & Batch Fermentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18953335?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Solid+residues+from+Ruminococcus+cellulose+fermentations+as+components+of+wood+adhesive+formulations&rft.au=Weimer%2C+P+J%3BConner%2C+AH%3BLorenz%2C+L+F&rft.aulast=Weimer&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00253-003-1334-3 L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00253/bibs/3063001/30630029.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ruminococcus albus; Ruminococcus flavefaciens; Fermentation; Adhesins; Wood; Adhesives DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-003-1334-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative Pathogenicity of Escherichia coli O157 and Intimin-Negative Non-O157 Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli Strains in Neonatal Pigs AN - 18952055; 5741008 AB - We compared the pathogenicity of intimin-negative non-O157:H7 Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O91:H21 and O104:H21 strains with the pathogenicity of intimin-positive O157:H7 and O157:H super(-) strains in neonatal pigs. We also examined the role of Stx2d-activatable genes and the large hemolysin-encoding plasmid of O91:H21 strain B2F1 in the pathogenesis of STEC disease in pigs. We found that all E. coli strains that made wild-type levels of Stx caused systemic illness and histological lesions in the brain and intestinal crypts, whereas none of the control Stx-negative E. coli strains evoked comparable central nervous system signs or intestinal lesions. By contrast, the absence of intimin, hemolysin, or motility had little impact on the overall pathogenesis of systemic disease during STEC infection. The most striking differences between pigs inoculated with non-O157 STEC strains and pigs inoculated with O157 STEC strains were the absence of attaching and effacing intestinal lesions in pigs inoculated with non-O157:H7 strains and the apparent association between the level of Stx2d-activatable toxin produced by an STEC strain and the severity of lesions. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Dean-Nystrom, E A AU - Melton-Celsa, A R AU - Pohlenz, JFL AU - Moon, H W AU - O'Brien, AD AD - National Animal Disease Center, USDA ARS, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010-0070, enystrom@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - Nov 2003 SP - 6526 EP - 6533 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 71 IS - 11 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - pigs KW - Shiga toxin KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Animals KW - Histology KW - Pathogenicity KW - Animal models KW - Intestine KW - Brain KW - Escherichia coli KW - Neonates KW - Plasmids KW - Toxins KW - J 02822:Biosynthesis and physicochemical properties KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18952055?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Comparative+Pathogenicity+of+Escherichia+coli+O157+and+Intimin-Negative+Non-O157+Shiga+Toxin-Producing+E.+coli+Strains+in+Neonatal+Pigs&rft.au=Dean-Nystrom%2C+E+A%3BMelton-Celsa%2C+A+R%3BPohlenz%2C+JFL%3BMoon%2C+H+W%3BO%27Brien%2C+AD&rft.aulast=Dean-Nystrom&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=6526&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FIAI.71.11.6526-6533.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Pathogenicity; Animals; Neonates; Toxins; Plasmids; Histology; Brain; Intestine; Animal models DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.71.11.6526-6533.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antimicrobial peptides in animals and their role in host defences AN - 18893767; 5755176 AB - Domesticated animals have a large variety of antimicrobial peptides that serve as natural innate barriers limiting microbial infection or, in some instances, act as an integral component in response to inflammation or microbial infection. These peptides differ in size, composition, mechanisms of activity and range of antimicrobial specificities. They are expressed in many tissues, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, macrophages and mucosal epithelial cells. There is a small group of anionic antimicrobial peptides found in ruminants and a much larger group of cationic antimicrobial peptides found in all domesticated animals. The cationic peptides include linear, helical peptides, linear peptides rich in proline and cysteine-stabilized peptides with a beta -sheet and are commonly referred to as cathelicidins and defensins. These peptides are generally broad-spectrum for Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi (e.g. myeloid antimicrobial peptides, alpha -, beta -defensins, and protegrins) or are specific to one of these groups (e.g. porcine cecropin P1, Bac5, Bac7, PR-39 and prophenin). JF - International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents AU - Brogden, KA AU - Ackermann, M AU - McCray, PB Jr AU - Tack, B F AD - Respiratory Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 70, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA, kbrogden@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - Nov 2003 SP - 465 EP - 478 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 22 IS - 5 SN - 0924-8579, 0924-8579 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02862:Infection KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18893767?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Agents&rft.atitle=Antimicrobial+peptides+in+animals+and+their+role+in+host+defences&rft.au=Brogden%2C+KA%3BAckermann%2C+M%3BMcCray%2C+PB+Jr%3BTack%2C+B+F&rft.aulast=Brogden&rft.aufirst=KA&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=465&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Agents&rft.issn=09248579&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0924-8579%2803%2900180-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0924-8579(03)00180-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A 66 drop plate method for simultaneous colony counting and MPN enumeration of Campylobacter jejuni, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli AN - 18892181; 5753351 AB - A protocol was developed using 96-well plates and multichannel pipettes for serial dilutions, followed by drop plating on agar in a 66 format. This protocol permits simultaneous plating of six dilutions which greatly decreases the number of plates utilized thereby saving incubator space for organisms such as Campylobacter which require unique environmental conditions. JF - Journal of Microbiological Methods AU - Chen, C AU - Nace, G W AU - Irwin, P L AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture super(1), cchen@errc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - Nov 2003 SP - 475 EP - 479 VL - 55 IS - 2 SN - 0167-7012, 0167-7012 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18892181?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Microbiological+Methods&rft.atitle=A+66+drop+plate+method+for+simultaneous+colony+counting+and+MPN+enumeration+of+Campylobacter+jejuni%2C+Listeria+monocytogenes%2C+and+Escherichia+coli&rft.au=Chen%2C+C%3BNace%2C+G+W%3BIrwin%2C+P+L&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=475&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Microbiological+Methods&rft.issn=01677012&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0167-7012%2803%2900194-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-7012(03)00194-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dynamic computer simulation of Clostridium perfringens growth in cooked ground beef AN - 18839147; 5727899 AB - The objective of this study was to develop a computer simulation algorithm to dynamically estimate and predict the growth of Clostridium perfringens in cooked ground beef. The computational algorithm was based on the implicit form of the Gompertz model, the growth kinetics of C. perfringens in cooked ground beef, and the fourth-order Runge-Kutta numerical method. This algorithm was validated using a cocktail of three strains of C. perfringens spores grown under isothermal, square-waved, linear cooling, and exponential cooling temperature profiles. In general, the results of computer simulation matched closely with the experimental data with the absolute errors less than 0.5 log sub(10) CFU/g. This method may be a useful tool for the food industry, regulatory agencies, distributors, and retailers to predict the effect of temperature abuse on the microbial safety of C. perfringens and other foodborne pathogens in processed meat products. JF - International Journal of Food Microbiology AU - Huang, L AD - Food Safety Intervention Technologies Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, lhuang@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - Nov 2003 SP - 217 EP - 227 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 87 IS - 3 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - W4 330:Biopolymers & Food Biotechnology KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18839147?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Dynamic+computer+simulation+of+Clostridium+perfringens+growth+in+cooked+ground+beef&rft.au=Huang%2C+L&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0168-1605%2803%2900065-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1605(03)00065-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Extirpation and reintroduction of fishers (Martes pennanti) in Oregon: implications for their conservation in the Pacific states AN - 18791408; 5663357 AB - Prior to extensive European settlement, the fisher (Martes pennanti) occupied most coniferous forest habitats in Washington, Oregon, and California. Human activities since that time have resulted in the apparent extirpation of fishers throughout much of their historical range in the Pacific states. Fisher extirpations in California and Washington have been documented previously, but no comprehensive assessments of the distribution of fishers in Oregon, the history of their translocation into Oregon, or the conservation of fishers in the Pacific states have been conducted. Our objectives are to (1) review historical information on potential causes for fisher population losses in Oregon, (2) document the history of their translocation into Oregon, (3) describe the distribution of fishers in Oregon relative to those translocations and determine if any were successful, and (4) discuss the implications of our findings for the conservation of fishers in the Pacific states. Our results show that extant populations of fishers in Oregon are restricted to two disjunct and genetically isolated populations in the southwestern portion of the state: one in the southern Cascade Range and one in the northern Siskiyou Mountains. In addition, historical changes in the distribution of fisher occurrence records in Oregon and geographic variation in the genetic composition and size of fishers occurring in southwestern Oregon, show that the population in the southern Cascade Range is reintroduced and is descended from fishers that were translocated to Oregon from British Columbia and Minnesota. The loss of fisher populations from central and northern Oregon and throughout Washington has resulted in the isolation of extant populations in Oregon by >650 km from those occurring in southern British Columbia. Our results demonstrate that the historical continuity in fisher distribution that once provided for genetic interchange among fisher populations in the Pacific states no longer exists. JF - Biological Conservation AU - Aubry, K B AU - Lewis, J C AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3625 93rd Avenue SW, Olympia, WA 98512, USA, kaubry@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - Nov 2003 SP - 79 EP - 90 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd. VL - 114 IS - 1 SN - 0006-3207, 0006-3207 KW - Fisher KW - Genetics Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - G 07270:Ecological genetics KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18791408?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+Conservation&rft.atitle=Extirpation+and+reintroduction+of+fishers+%28Martes+pennanti%29+in+Oregon%3A+implications+for+their+conservation+in+the+Pacific+states&rft.au=Aubry%2C+K+B%3BLewis%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Aubry&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+Conservation&rft.issn=00063207&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0006-3207%2803%2900003-X LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(03)00003-X ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Systemic acquired resistance induced by BTH in papaya AN - 18016897; 5961288 AB - Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in Carica papaya L. is induced by benzothiadiazole (BTH). The response is manifested by increased tolerance to infection by the virulent pathogen Phytophthora palmivora, by increased beta -1,3-glucanase and chitinase activities, and by increased accumulation of a PR1 mRNA. Infection of untreated papaya by P. palmivora also induced beta -1,3-glucanase and chitinase activities but at much lower levels. This response to P. palmivora is characteristic of a compatible interaction. Papaya has at least four members of the PR-1 gene family; BTH reduces mRNA accumulation for two of these and increases it in the other two. One of these, PR-1d, is induced over 20-fold; mRNA accumulation for this gene increased for at least 14 days after BTH treatment. In contrast, both chitinase and beta -1,3-glucanase activities peaked after 1-2 days then returned to base levels at approximately 10 days. Papaya has an NPR1 gene that contains structural domains conserved with arabidopsis; these domains are involved in protein-protein interactions and nuclear localization, which are essential for function in SAR of arabidopsis. The papaya NPR1 gene is expressed constitutively and is slightly induced by BTH treatment. Overall, these findings indicate the basic elements of papaya SAR resemble the pathway as described in arabidopsis and tobacco. JF - Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology AU - Zhu, Y J AU - Qiu, X AU - Moore, PH AU - Borth, W AU - Hu, J AU - Ferreira, S AU - Albert, H H AD - Hawaii Agriculture Research Center, Aiea, HI 96701, USA, halbert@pbarc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - Nov 2003 SP - 237 EP - 248 PB - Elsevier Ltd VL - 63 IS - 5 SN - 0885-5765, 0885-5765 KW - systemic acquired resistance KW - benzothiadiazole KW - Papaya KW - Pawpaw KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Genetics Abstracts KW - Carica papaya KW - Chitinase KW - Glucan endo-1,3-^b-D-glucosidase KW - Phytophthora palmivora KW - NPR1 gene KW - Disease resistance KW - Glucan endo-1,3-b-D-glucosidase KW - Gene expression KW - A 01030:General KW - G 07354:Dicotyledons (crops) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18016897?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physiological+and+Molecular+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Systemic+acquired+resistance+induced+by+BTH+in+papaya&rft.au=Zhu%2C+Y+J%3BQiu%2C+X%3BMoore%2C+PH%3BBorth%2C+W%3BHu%2C+J%3BFerreira%2C+S%3BAlbert%2C+H+H&rft.aulast=Zhu&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Physiological+and+Molecular+Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=08855765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.pmpp.2004.03.003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phytophthora palmivora; Carica papaya; NPR1 gene; Gene expression; Glucan endo-1,3-b-D-glucosidase; Chitinase; Disease resistance; Glucan endo-1,3-^b-D-glucosidase DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmpp.2004.03.003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Photoperiod influence on the biology and phenological characteristics of Dichelops melacanthus (Dallas, 1851) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) AN - 17970487; 5907354 AB - The influence of the photoperiod on the biology and seasonal morphs of Dichelops melacanthus was studied in the laboratory. Four different photoperiods (11, 12, 13, and 14 hL = hours of light) were tested, keeping the temperature at 25 plus or minus 1 degree C and the relative humidity at 65 plus or minus 5%. Nymph developmental time tended to be longer under shorter photophases (11 and 12 hL). The 14-hour photophase (long day) resulted in lower nymph mortality rates. Females maintained at 13 and 14 hL showed greater weight gain (1st-28th day) than females under 12 hL. D. melacanthus showed reproductive oligopause induced by short photophases, especially when exposed to 11 hL. Under 13 and 14 hL, 85% and 65% of females oviposited, respectively, in comparison to 10% and 15% of females ovipositing under 11 and 12 hL, respectively. Fecundity (number of egg masses and number of eggs/female) was greater in the longer than under the shorter photophases. Seasonal dimorphism induced by photoperiod was observed in D. melacanthus adults. Under short-day conditions (11 and 12 hL), adults showed short and rounded shoulder spines, grayish brown abdomen (mainly in 11 hL), high lipid contents, and lower percentage of mature reproductive organs. Under long-day conditions (13 and 14 hL), the stink bugs showed greatly developed shoulder spines, green abdomen, low lipid contents, and mature reproductive organs. JF - Brazilian Journal of Biology AU - Chocorosqui, V R AU - Panizzi, A R AD - Embrapa-Labex, NCAUR/ARS/USDA, Peoria, IL 61604, USA, panizzia@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - Nov 2003 SP - 655 EP - 664 VL - 63 IS - 4 SN - 1519-6984, 1519-6984 KW - Heteroptera KW - Stink bugs KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Photoperiods KW - Pentatomidae KW - Dichelops melacanthus KW - Life history KW - Phenology KW - Reproductive organs KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17970487?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brazilian+Journal+of+Biology&rft.atitle=Photoperiod+influence+on+the+biology+and+phenological+characteristics+of+Dichelops+melacanthus+%28Dallas%2C+1851%29+%28Heteroptera%3A+Pentatomidae%29&rft.au=Chocorosqui%2C+V+R%3BPanizzi%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Chocorosqui&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=655&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brazilian+Journal+of+Biology&rft.issn=15196984&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pentatomidae; Dichelops melacanthus; Photoperiods; Phenology; Life history; Reproductive organs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Widespread foliage delta super(15) N depletion under elevated CO sub(2) : inferences for the nitrogen cycle AN - 17841744; 5773214 AB - Leaf super(15)N signature is a powerful tool that can provide an integrated assessment of the nitrogen (N) cycle and whether it is influenced by rising atmospheric CO sub(2) concentration. We tested the hypothesis that elevated CO sub(2) significantly changes foliage delta super(15)N in a wide range of plant species and ecosystem types. This objective was achieved by determining the delta super(15)N of foliage of 27 field-grown plant species from six free-air CO sub(2) enrichment (FACE) experiments representing desert, temperate forest, Mediterranean-type, grassland prairie, and agricultural ecosystems. We found that within species, the delta super(15)N of foliage produced under elevated CO sub(2) was significantly lower (P<0.038) compared with that of foliage grown under ambient conditions. Further analysis of foliage delta super(15)N by life form and growth habit revealed that the CO sub(2) effect was consistent across all functional groups tested. The examination of two chaparral shrubs grown for 6 years under a wide range of CO sub(2) concentrations (25-75 Pa) also showed a significant and negative correlation between growth CO sub(2) and leaf delta super(15)N. In a select number of species, we measured bulk soil delta super(15)N at a depth of 10 cm, and found that the observed depletion of foliage delta super(15)N in response to elevated CO sub(2) was unrelated to changes in the soil delta super(15)N. While the data suggest a strong influence of elevated CO sub(2) on the N cycle in diverse ecosystems, the exact site(s) at which elevated CO sub(2) alters fractionating processes of the N cycle remains unclear. We cannot rule out the fact that the pattern of foliage delta super(15)N responses to elevated CO sub(2) reported here resulted from a general drop in delta super(15)N of the source N, caused by soil-driven processes. There is a stronger possibility, however, that the general depletion of foliage delta super(15)N under high CO sub(2) may have resulted from changes in the fractionating processes within the plant/mycorrhizal system. JF - Global Change Biology AU - Bassirirad, H AU - Constable, J V AU - Lussenhop, J AU - Kimball, BA AU - Norby, R J AU - Oechel, W C AU - Reich, P B AU - Schlesinger, W H AU - Zitzer, S AU - Sehtiya, H L AU - Silim, S AD - Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA, Department of Biology, California State University, Fresno, CA 93740, USA, Water Conservation Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA, Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA, parallel Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA, Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA, Desert Research Institute, Las Vegas, NV 89119, USA, hormoz@uic.edu Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - Nov 2003 SP - 1582 EP - 1590 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 9 IS - 11 SN - 1354-1013, 1354-1013 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Carbon dioxide effects on plants KW - Prairies KW - Foliage KW - Ecosystems KW - Deserts KW - Correlations KW - Forests KW - Nitrogen cycle KW - Carbon dioxide KW - D 04625:Plants - general KW - M2 551.586:Biometeorology and Bioclimatology (551.586) KW - M2 551.510.4:Composition of the atmosphere (551.510.4) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17841744?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Change+Biology&rft.atitle=Widespread+foliage+delta+super%2815%29+N+depletion+under+elevated+CO+sub%282%29+%3A+inferences+for+the+nitrogen+cycle&rft.au=Bassirirad%2C+H%3BConstable%2C+J+V%3BLussenhop%2C+J%3BKimball%2C+BA%3BNorby%2C+R+J%3BOechel%2C+W+C%3BReich%2C+P+B%3BSchlesinger%2C+W+H%3BZitzer%2C+S%3BSehtiya%2C+H+L%3BSilim%2C+S&rft.aulast=Bassirirad&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1582&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Change+Biology&rft.issn=13541013&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2486.2003.00679.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Foliage; Nitrogen cycle; Deserts; Forests; Prairies; Carbon dioxide; Ecosystems; Correlations; Carbon dioxide effects on plants DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00679.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Strength training in older women: Early and late changes in whole muscle and single cells AN - 17783539; 6066596 AB - In order to examine the relative contribution of neural- and muscle-based adaptation to strength training, we studied early (2 weeks) and later (12 weeks) effects of strength training on muscle size and strength and type I single-fiber size and contractility in 14 elderly women (aged 68-79 years) and seven young controls. Older subjects were randomized to training (n = 7) or control (n = 7) groups. Strength did not change, but whole muscle size increased significantly after 2 weeks. After 12 weeks, strength, whole muscle size, and specific force all increased. No changes occurred in the control group. In single fibers, no changes in size and contractility were noted after 2 weeks, but specific force was higher in the training group after 12 weeks. Early adaptations to strength training in elderly women cannot be attributed to changes at the cellular level and therefore occur primarily in the central nervous system. Later, cellular adaptations in specific force track closely whole muscle changes. JF - Muscle and Nerve AU - Frontera, Walter R AU - Hughes, Virginia A AU - Krivickas, Lisa S AU - Kim, Sang-Kyu AU - Foldvari, Mona AU - Roubenoff, Ronenn AD - Nutrition, Exercise Physiology, and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, frontera.walter@mgh.harvard.edu Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - Nov 2003 SP - 601 EP - 608 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 28 IS - 5 SN - 0148-639X, 0148-639X KW - Physical Education Index KW - Force KW - Motor units KW - Nervous system KW - Muscles (size) KW - Women KW - Muscles KW - Gerontology KW - Adults KW - Strength (training) KW - PE 090:Sports Medicine & Exercise Sport Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17783539?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Muscle+and+Nerve&rft.atitle=Strength+training+in+older+women%3A+Early+and+late+changes+in+whole+muscle+and+single+cells&rft.au=Frontera%2C+Walter+R%3BHughes%2C+Virginia+A%3BKrivickas%2C+Lisa+S%3BKim%2C+Sang-Kyu%3BFoldvari%2C+Mona%3BRoubenoff%2C+Ronenn&rft.aulast=Frontera&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=601&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Muscle+and+Nerve&rft.issn=0148639X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Strength (training); Gerontology; Muscles; Motor units; Women; Muscles (size); Force; Nervous system; Adults ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantifying Phytophthora medicaginis in Susceptible and Resistant Alfalfa with a Real-Time Fluorescent PCR Assay AN - 17505656; 6403597 AB - A real-time fluorescent PCR assay using a set of specific primers and a fluorochrome-labelled probe (TaqMan) was developed to quantify the amount of Phytophthora medicaginis DNA in alfalfa plants that were classified as either resistant or susceptible to the pathogen based on visual assessment of disease response. The assay clearly discriminated among three standard check alfalfa populations with different levels of resistance based on the analysis of DNA extracted from the roots of bulked plant samples. In two independent experiments, the Spearman rank correlation between pathogen DNA content and the number of susceptible plants in a bulked sample was greater than 0.89 and highly significant (P<0.0001). Significantly less pathogen DNA was detected in bulked samples of a highly resistant check population than in bulked samples from more susceptible check populations. Analysis of individual plants indicated that significantly less pathogen DNA was detected in resistant plants than in susceptible plants. Applications of the assay are considered for breeding programs and the study of microbial population dynamics in plants simultaneously infected with different pathogens. JF - Journal of Phytopathology AU - Vandemark, G J AU - Barker, B M AD - Vegetable and Forage Crops Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 24106 N, Bunn Road, Prosser, WA 99350, USA, gvandemark@pars.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - Nov 2003 SP - 577 EP - 583 VL - 151 IS - 11-12 SN - 0931-1785, 0931-1785 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Plant diseases KW - Breeding KW - Phytophthora medicaginis KW - Plant breeding KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Fluorescent indicators KW - Roots KW - Primers KW - Pathogens KW - Plant extracts KW - Population dynamics KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01117:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17505656?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Quantifying+Phytophthora+medicaginis+in+Susceptible+and+Resistant+Alfalfa+with+a+Real-Time+Fluorescent+PCR+Assay&rft.au=Vandemark%2C+G+J%3BBarker%2C+B+M&rft.aulast=Vandemark&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=151&rft.issue=11-12&rft.spage=577&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Phytopathology&rft.issn=09311785&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.0931-1785.2003.00768.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Plant diseases; Breeding; Plant breeding; Roots; Fluorescent indicators; Polymerase chain reaction; Primers; Plant extracts; Pathogens; Population dynamics; Phytophthora medicaginis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0931-1785.2003.00768.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Radiation (Gamma) Resistance and Postirradiation Growth of Listeria monocytogenes Suspended in Beef Bologna Containing Sodium Diacetate and Potassium Lactate AN - 17267016; 5855022 AB - Listeria monocytogenes, a psychrotrophic foodborne pathogen, is a frequent postprocessing contaminant of ready-to-eat (RTE) meat products, including frankfurters and bologna. Ionizing radiation can eliminate L. monocytogenes from RTE meats. When they are incorporated into fine-emulsion sausages, sodium diacetate (SDA) and potassium lactate (PL) mixtures inhibit the growth of L. monocytogenes. The radiation resistance of L. monocytogenes, and its ability to proliferate during long-term refrigerated storage (9 degree C), when inoculated into beef bologna that contained 0% SDA-0% PL, 0.07% SDA-1% PL, and 0.15% SDA-2% PL, were determined. The radiation doses required to eliminate 90% of the viable L. monocytogenes cells were 0.56 kGy for bologna containing 0% SDA-0% PL, 0.53 kGy for bologna containing 0.07% SDA-1% PL, and 0.46 kGy for bologna containing 0.15% SDA-2% PL. L. monocytogenes was able to proliferate on bologna containing 0% SDA-0% PL during refrigerated storage, but the onset of proliferation was delayed by the addition of the SDA-PL mixtures. An ionizing radiation dose of 3.0 kGy prevented the proliferation of L. monocytogenes and background microflora in bologna containing 0.07% SDA-1% PL and in bologna containing 0.15% SDA-2% PL over 8 weeks of storage at 9 degree C. Little effect on lipid oxidation and color of the control bologna, or bologna containing SDA-PL mixtures, was observed upon irradiation at either 1.5 or 3.0 kGy. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Sommers, C AU - Fan, X AU - Niemira, BA AU - Sokorai, K AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Food Safety Intervention Technologies Research Unit, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - Nov 2003 SP - 2051 EP - 2056 VL - 66 IS - 11 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Beef KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Lipids KW - Proliferation KW - Gamma radiation KW - Food contamination KW - potassium lactate KW - Color KW - Growth KW - Sodium diacetate KW - Radiation KW - Ionizing radiation KW - Oxidation KW - Food irradiation KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17267016?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Radiation+%28Gamma%29+Resistance+and+Postirradiation+Growth+of+Listeria+monocytogenes+Suspended+in+Beef+Bologna+Containing+Sodium+Diacetate+and+Potassium+Lactate&rft.au=Sommers%2C+C%3BFan%2C+X%3BNiemira%2C+BA%3BSokorai%2C+K&rft.aulast=Sommers&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2051&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria monocytogenes; Food contamination; Food irradiation; Gamma radiation; Radiation; Proliferation; Ionizing radiation; Lipids; Oxidation; Color; Growth; Sodium diacetate; potassium lactate ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Iron toxicity protection by truncated Ras2 GTPase in yeast strain lacking frataxin. AN - 75759819; 14550302 AB - Yeast strain deleted for the YFH1 gene, which encodes the orthologue of human frataxin, accumulates iron in mitochondria, constitutively activates the high-affinity iron import system in the plasma membrane, and is sensitive to high iron media. We have performed a genetic screen for mutants of a yfh1 deleted strain with increased resistance to high levels of iron. One of the identified mutations caused the deletion of the hypervariable C-terminal region of Ras2p GTPase. The effect of ras2 mutation on the growth of yfh1 null strain was masked by the addition of caffeine. We found that the ras2 mutation does not alter the expression of the iron regulon nor prevent mitochondrial iron accumulation in a yfh1 mutant context. The double yfh1 ras2 mutant has increased mRNA levels of CIT2 gene and augmented catalase activity. JF - Biochemical and biophysical research communications AU - Kucej, Martin AU - Foury, Françoise AD - Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic. kucej@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2003/10/24/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Oct 24 SP - 986 EP - 991 VL - 310 IS - 3 SN - 0006-291X, 0006-291X KW - Fungal Proteins KW - 0 KW - Iron-Binding Proteins KW - frataxin KW - Caffeine KW - 3G6A5W338E KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Catalase KW - EC 1.11.1.6 KW - ras Proteins KW - EC 3.6.5.2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Catalase -- metabolism KW - Fungal Proteins -- metabolism KW - Escherichia coli -- metabolism KW - Blotting, Northern KW - Caffeine -- pharmacology KW - Protein Structure, Tertiary KW - Mutation KW - Yeasts -- metabolism KW - Iron-Binding Proteins -- metabolism KW - ras Proteins -- metabolism KW - Iron -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75759819?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+and+biophysical+research+communications&rft.atitle=Iron+toxicity+protection+by+truncated+Ras2+GTPase+in+yeast+strain+lacking+frataxin.&rft.au=Kucej%2C+Martin%3BFoury%2C+Fran%C3%A7oise&rft.aulast=Kucej&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.date=2003-10-24&rft.volume=310&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=986&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+and+biophysical+research+communications&rft.issn=0006291X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-02 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of selection for ovulation rate or uterine capacity on number and weight of pigs at birth and weaning AN - 39718923; 3793479 AU - Christenson, R K AU - Leymaster, KA Y1 - 2003/10/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Oct 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39718923?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effects+of+selection+for+ovulation+rate+or+uterine+capacity+on+number+and+weight+of+pigs+at+birth+and+weaning&rft.au=Christenson%2C+R+K%3BLeymaster%2C+KA&rft.aulast=Christenson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-10-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for the Study of Reproduction, 1619 Monroe Street, Madison, WI 53711-2063, USA; phone: 608-256-2777; fax: 608-256-4610; email: ssr@ssr.org; URL: www.ssr.org/. Poster Paper No. 321 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Changes in allantoic fluid folate binding during pregnancy in swine AN - 39687962; 3793487 AU - Kim, J G AU - Vallet, J L Y1 - 2003/10/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Oct 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39687962?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Changes+in+allantoic+fluid+folate+binding+during+pregnancy+in+swine&rft.au=Kim%2C+J+G%3BVallet%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-10-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for the Study of Reproduction, 1619 Monroe Street, Madison, WI 53711-2063, USA; phone: 608-256-2777; fax: 608-256-4610; email: ssr@ssr.org; URL: www.ssr.org/. Poster Paper No. 329 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of stress on cortisol and testosterone in low and high libido rams AN - 39680286; 3793809 AU - Stellflug, J N AU - Roselli, CE AU - Stormshak, F Y1 - 2003/10/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Oct 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39680286?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+stress+on+cortisol+and+testosterone+in+low+and+high+libido+rams&rft.au=Stellflug%2C+J+N%3BRoselli%2C+CE%3BStormshak%2C+F&rft.aulast=Stellflug&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-10-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for the Study of Reproduction, 1619 Monroe Street, Madison, WI 53711-2063, USA; phone: 608-256-2777; fax: 608-256-4610; email: ssr@ssr.org; URL: www.ssr.org/. Poster Paper No. 652 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Context dependency in bark beetle-fungal symbiosis: Complex interactions in complex associations AN - 39660889; 3789757 AU - Klepzig, K Y1 - 2003/10/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Oct 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39660889?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Context+dependency+in+bark+beetle-fungal+symbiosis%3A+Complex+interactions+in+complex+associations&rft.au=Klepzig%2C+K&rft.aulast=Klepzig&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-10-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Symbiosis Society, c/o Boston University, 2 Sherborn Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simple and rapid methods for detecting Salmonella enteritidis in raw eggs AN - 18814966; 5693513 AB - The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates there were 300,000 cases of Salmonella enteritidis (SE) in 1997. Egg products were associated with many of the cases. To address this problem, many producers implemented flock surveillance of the SE situation at their facilities. A rapid and simple method for detecting SE from poultry samples is critical for the effective implementation of such testing strategies. A lateral flow device for the detection of SE utilized in this study was manufactured by Neogen, Lansing, MI. The test panel is a presumptive qualitative test system that detects only members of Group D1 Salmonella species. A series of studies were conducted to optimize the test procedure for raw eggs with different sample preparations. A novel antigen extraction method was developed for use with the test panel kit. The detection limit of the test panel kit was increased approximately tenfold when the extraction method was used. Detection of SE was 100% in raw egg pools inoculated with 10 SE cells per ml of egg and incubated at a 1:10 ratio in buffered peptone water (BPW) or tetrathionate brilliant green broth (TBG) for 24 h at 37 degree C. The developed lateral flow test kit could provide a simple, rapid, and inexpensive method for egg producers and processors to test specifically for Salmonella group D1 serovars, such as SE, in egg samples. JF - International Journal of Food Microbiology AU - Seo, K-H AU - Holt, P S AU - Stone, H D AU - Gast, R K AD - FDA/CFSAN, S100 Paint Branch Parkway College Park, MD 20740, USA, pholt@seprl.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/10/15/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Oct 15 SP - 139 EP - 144 PB - Elsevier VL - 87 IS - 1-2 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - detection KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18814966?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Simple+and+rapid+methods+for+detecting+Salmonella+enteritidis+in+raw+eggs&rft.au=Seo%2C+K-H%3BHolt%2C+P+S%3BStone%2C+H+D%3BGast%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Seo&rft.aufirst=K-H&rft.date=2003-10-15&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0168-1605%2803%2900053-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1605(03)00053-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Green tea catechins inhibit VEGF-induced angiogenesis in vitro through suppression of VE-cadherin phosphorylation and inactivation of Akt molecule. AN - 73563092; 12918064 AB - Studies have indicated that the consumption of green tea is associated with a reduced risk of developing certain forms of cancer and angiogenesis. The mechanism of inhibition of angiogenesis by green tea or its catechins, however, has not been well-established. Vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, an adhesive molecule located at the site of intercellular contact, is involved in cell-cell recognition during vascular morphogenesis. The extracellular domain of VE-cadherin mediates initial cell adhesion, whereas the cytosolic tail binding with beta-catenin is required for interaction with the cytoskeleton and junctional strength. Therefore, the cadherin-catenin adhesion system is implicated in cell recognition, differentiation, growth and migration of capillary endothelium. Using tube formation of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC) in culture as an in vitro model of angiogenesis, we reported that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced tube formation is inhibited by anti-VE-cadherin antibody and dose-dependently by green tea catechins. We also demonstrated here that inhibition of tube formation by epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), one of the green tea catechins, is in part mediated through suppression of VE-cadherin tyrosine phosphorylation and inhibition of Akt activation during VEGF-induced tube formation. These findings indicate that VE-cadherin and Akt, known downstream proteins in VEGFR-2-mediated cascade, are the new-targeted proteins by which green tea catechins inhibit angiogenesis. Copyright 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - International journal of cancer AU - Tang, Feng-Yao AU - Nguyen, Nhan AU - Meydani, Mohsen AD - Vascular Biology Laboratory, JM USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA. Y1 - 2003/10/10/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Oct 10 SP - 871 EP - 878 VL - 106 IS - 6 SN - 0020-7136, 0020-7136 KW - Angiogenesis Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Antigens, CD KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - Cadherins KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins KW - Tea KW - Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A KW - cadherin 5 KW - Tyrosine KW - 42HK56048U KW - Catechin KW - 8R1V1STN48 KW - Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 KW - EC 2.7.10.1 KW - AKT1 protein, human KW - EC 2.7.11.1 KW - Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt KW - Index Medicus KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Precipitin Tests KW - Phosphorylation -- drug effects KW - Blotting, Western KW - Cells, Cultured KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Cell Movement -- drug effects KW - Lasers KW - Tyrosine -- metabolism KW - Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 -- metabolism KW - Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A -- toxicity KW - Cadherins -- metabolism KW - Endothelium, Vascular -- cytology KW - Neovascularization, Pathologic -- metabolism KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins -- metabolism KW - Neovascularization, Pathologic -- prevention & control KW - Angiogenesis Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Endothelium, Vascular -- drug effects KW - Neovascularization, Pathologic -- chemically induced KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- pharmacology KW - Catechin -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73563092?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+cancer&rft.atitle=Green+tea+catechins+inhibit+VEGF-induced+angiogenesis+in+vitro+through+suppression+of+VE-cadherin+phosphorylation+and+inactivation+of+Akt+molecule.&rft.au=Tang%2C+Feng-Yao%3BNguyen%2C+Nhan%3BMeydani%2C+Mohsen&rft.aulast=Tang&rft.aufirst=Feng-Yao&rft.date=2003-10-10&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=871&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+cancer&rft.issn=00207136&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-11-17 N1 - Date created - 2003-08-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of analyte protectants to improve gas chromatographic analysis of pesticides. AN - 71300087; 14570329 AB - A common problem in gas chromatography (GC) applications is the analyte losses and/or peak tailing due to undesired interactions with active sites in the inlet and column. Analytes that give poor peak shapes or degrade have higher detection limits, are more difficult to identify and integrate, and are more prone to interferences than stable analytes that give narrow peaks. For susceptible analytes, significant peak quality improvements are obtained when matrix components are present because they fill active sites, thus reducing analyte interactions. This phenomenon is called "matrix-induced chromatographic response enhancement." Several approaches have been proposed to minimize peak distortion phenomena and compensate for matrix-induced effects, which is especially important for accurate quantitation, but each approach has serious limitations for routine multi-pesticide analysis. In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of using "analyte protectants" to provide a more convenient and effective solution to the problem than other approaches developed thus far. The protecting agents are added to extracts and matrix-free standards alike to provide the chromatographic enhancement effect even for the most susceptible analytes in a very dirty GC system. In this study, we evaluated 93 different compounds to find the most suitable ones for improving chromatographic quality of the signal. Because hydrogen bonding has been shown to be an important factor in analyte interactions with active sites, we mainly focused on additives with strong hydrogen bonding capabilities. Dramatic peak enhancements were achieved using compounds containing multiple hydroxy groups, such as sugars and sugar derivatives, and gulonolactone appears to be the most effective protecting agent for the most pesticides that we tested. The benefits of using analyte protectants versus alternative procedures for overcoming matrix-induced effects in quantitation include: (a) simpler procedure; (b) easier integration of peaks; (c) lower detection limits; (d) better quantitation; (e) less maintenance of the GC inlet; and (e) lower cost. However, long-term influences on the performance of the chromatographic system have yet to be established. JF - Journal of chromatography. A AU - Anastassiades, Michelangelo AU - Mastovská, Katerina AU - Lehotay, Steven J AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA. Y1 - 2003/10/10/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Oct 10 SP - 163 EP - 184 VL - 1015 IS - 1-2 SN - 0021-9673, 0021-9673 KW - Pesticides KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Pesticides -- analysis KW - Chromatography, Gas -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71300087?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+A&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+analyte+protectants+to+improve+gas+chromatographic+analysis+of+pesticides.&rft.au=Anastassiades%2C+Michelangelo%3BMastovsk%C3%A1%2C+Katerina%3BLehotay%2C+Steven+J&rft.aulast=Anastassiades&rft.aufirst=Michelangelo&rft.date=2003-10-10&rft.volume=1015&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+A&rft.issn=00219673&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-19 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulation of the glutamate-dependent acid-resistance system of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli strains AN - 18895427; 5770736 AB - The ability to withstand an acid challenge of pH 2.5 or less by Escherichia coli strains is a trait generally believed to be restricted to their stationary phase of growth. Of the three distinct acid-resistance systems that have been identified in E. coli, the glutamate-dependent acid resistance (GAD) system provides the highest level of acid resistance. Earlier reports indicated that in the exponential growth phase of E. coli K-12 strains the GAD system is not active. The present study reports that when grown on minimal medium several diarrheagenic and K-12 strains of E. coli have a complete set of induced genes necessary for GAD in the exponential growth phase to overcome the acid challenge of pH 2.5 for several hours. A previously identified factor(s) specific to the GAD system in the stationary phase and predicted to undergo dilution during the exponential phase appears to be glutamate-decarboxylase isozyme(s) inactivated differentially in the rich vs. minimal growth media. JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters AU - Bhagwat, A A AD - Produce Quality and Safety Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Bldg. 002, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA Y1 - 2003/10/10/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Oct 10 SP - 39 EP - 45 PB - Federation of European Microbiological Societies VL - 227 IS - 1 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - glutamate-dependent acid resistance KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02846:Gastrointestinal tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18895427?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.atitle=Regulation+of+the+glutamate-dependent+acid-resistance+system+of+diarrheagenic+Escherichia+coli+strains&rft.au=Bhagwat%2C+A+A&rft.aulast=Bhagwat&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-10-10&rft.volume=227&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1097%2803%2900646-3 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1097(03)00646-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterisation of plasmids purified from Acetobacter pasteurianus 2374 AN - 18891657; 5753480 AB - Four cryptic plasmids pAP1, pAP2, pAP3, and pAP4 with their replication regions AP were isolated from Gram-negative bacteria Acetobacter pasteurianus 2374 and characterised by sequence analyses. All plasmids were carrying the kanamycin resistance gene. Three of four plasmids pAP2, pAP3, and pAP4 encode an enzyme that confers ampicillin resistance to host cells. Moreover, the tetracycline resistance gene was identified only in pAP2 plasmid. All plasmids are capable to coexist with each other in Acetobacter cells. On the other hand, the coexistence of more than one plasmid is excluded in Escherichia coli. The nucleotide sequence of replication regions showed significant homology. The nucleotide and protein sequence analyses of resistance genes of all plasmids were compared with transposons Tn3, Tn10, and Tn903 which revealed significant differences in the primary structure, however no functional changes of gene were obtained. JF - Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications AU - Krahulec, J AU - Kretova, M AU - Grones, J AD - Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, Comenius University, Mlynska dolina B-2, 842 15 Bratislava 4, Slovak Republic, grones@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2003/10/10/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Oct 10 SP - 94 EP - 97 PB - Elsevier Inc. VL - 310 IS - 1 SN - 0006-291X, 0006-291X KW - kanamycin KW - transposon Tn10 KW - transposon Tn3 KW - transposon Tn903 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02760:Plasmids KW - G 07203:Plasmids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18891657?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+and+Biophysical+Research+Communications&rft.atitle=Characterisation+of+plasmids+purified+from+Acetobacter+pasteurianus+2374&rft.au=Krahulec%2C+J%3BKretova%2C+M%3BGrones%2C+J&rft.aulast=Krahulec&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-10-10&rft.volume=310&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=94&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+and+Biophysical+Research+Communications&rft.issn=0006291X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.bbrc.2003.08.125 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.08.125 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 2-Dodecylcyclobutanone does not induce mutations in the Escherichia coli tryptophan reverse mutation assay. AN - 75735193; 14518969 AB - Like thermal processing, ionizing radiation can break molecular bonds and induce the formation of chemicals not found in the unprocessed product. Irradiation of foods containing palmitic acid can lead to the formation of 2-dodecylcyclobutanone (2-DCB). In this study, the Escherichia coli tryptophan reverse mutation assay was used to evaluate the capacity of 2-DCB to induce mutations. E. coli tester strains WP2 (pkM101) and WP2 uvrA (pKM101), with and without exogenous metabolic activation, were exposed to 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg/well 2-DCB using the Miniscreen version of the assay. 2-DCB did not induce mutations in the E. coli tryptophan reverse mutation assay. These results are in agreement with negative results obtained in short-term and long-term genetic toxicology tests of irradiated food products. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Sommers, Christopher H AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. csommers@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2003/10/08/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Oct 08 SP - 6367 EP - 6370 VL - 51 IS - 21 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Cyclobutanes KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - 2-dodecylcyclobutanone KW - 35493-46-0 KW - Tryptophan KW - 8DUH1N11BX KW - Index Medicus KW - Mutagens -- pharmacology KW - Food Irradiation -- adverse effects KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Cyclobutanes -- chemistry KW - Escherichia coli -- drug effects KW - Escherichia coli -- genetics KW - Cyclobutanes -- pharmacology KW - Mutation KW - Tryptophan -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75735193?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=2-Dodecylcyclobutanone+does+not+induce+mutations+in+the+Escherichia+coli+tryptophan+reverse+mutation+assay.&rft.au=Sommers%2C+Christopher+H&rft.aulast=Sommers&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.date=2003-10-08&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=6367&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-11-06 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optimization of alkyl ester production from grease using a phyllosilicate sol-gel immobilized lipase AN - 19192630; 5766283 AB - Simple alkyl ester derivatives of restaurant grease were prepared using a lipase from Pseudomonoas cepacia immobilized within a phyllosilicate sol-gel matrix as biocatalyst. Alcoholysis reactions of grease were carried out in solvent-free media using a one-step addition of alcohol to the reaction mixture. The immobilized lipase was active from 40 to 70 degree C. Ester yields (60-97%) were highest when using a ratio of reactants of 2 mmol grease to 8 mmol alcohol and the biocatalyst was 10% (w/w) of grease in the presence of molecular sieves. JF - Biotechnology Letters AU - Hsu, An-Fei AU - Jones, K C AU - Foglia, T A AU - Marmer, W N AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, ahsu@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2003/10/02/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Oct 02 SP - 1713 EP - 1716 VL - 25 IS - 20 SN - 0141-5492, 0141-5492 KW - alcohols KW - alkyl esters KW - grease KW - phyllosilicate KW - solvent-free medium KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Triacylglycerol lipase KW - Immobilized enzymes KW - Media (culture) KW - Immobilization KW - Pseudomonoas cepacia KW - W2 32210:Immobilization KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32390:Others KW - W4 210:Bioremediation, Bioreactors & BioCycling UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19192630?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.atitle=Optimization+of+alkyl+ester+production+from+grease+using+a+phyllosilicate+sol-gel+immobilized+lipase&rft.au=Hsu%2C+An-Fei%3BJones%2C+K+C%3BFoglia%2C+T+A%3BMarmer%2C+W+N&rft.aulast=Hsu&rft.aufirst=An-Fei&rft.date=2003-10-02&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=20&rft.spage=1713&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.issn=01415492&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudomonoas cepacia; Immobilized enzymes; Triacylglycerol lipase; Immobilization; Media (culture) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dependence of oil stability index of fatty compounds on their structure and concentration and presence of metals AN - 746048893; 12039075 AB - During storage and use, vegetable oil-derived industrial products such as biodiesel and biodegradable lubricants can be subjected to conditions that promote oxidation of their unsaturated components. The materials arising during oxidation and subsequent degradation can seriously impair the quality and performance of such products. Therefore, oxidative stability is a significant issue facing these vegetable oil-derived products, and enhanced understanding of the influence of various components of vegetable oils and storage parameters is necessary. In this work, the oil stability index (OSI) was used for assessing oxidation of monoalkyl esters of FA by varying several parameters. Neat fatty compounds and prepared mixtures thereof were studied for assessing the influence of compound structure and concentration. Small amounts of more highly unsaturated compounds had a disproportionately strong effect on oxidative stability. The recently developed concept of bis-allylic equivalents correlated more closely than the iodine value with the OSI times of mixtures of fatty esters. The OSI times of free acids were shorter than those of the corresponding alkyl esters. The presence of copper, iron, and nickel also reduced oxidative stability, but their effect was less than the presence of more highly unsaturated fatty compounds. Of these metals, copper had the strongest catalytic effect on OSI time. OSI may be an alternative to long-term storage tests for determining the influence of extraneous materials such as metals on oxidative stability. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Knothe, Gerhard AU - Dunn, Robert O AD - ARS, NCAUR, USDA, 1815 N. University St., 61604 Peoria, IL, knothegh@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 1021 EP - 1026 PB - American Oil Chemists' Society Press, 1608 Broadmoor Dr Champaign IL 61826-3489 USA VL - 80 IS - 10 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Vegetables KW - Heavy metals KW - Nickel KW - Copper KW - Esters KW - Biodegradability KW - Lubricants KW - Acids KW - Oxidation KW - Iodine KW - Diesel KW - Iron KW - Biofuels KW - W 30940:Products UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/746048893?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Dependence+of+oil+stability+index+of+fatty+compounds+on+their+structure+and+concentration+and+presence+of+metals&rft.au=Knothe%2C+Gerhard%3BDunn%2C+Robert+O&rft.aulast=Knothe&rft.aufirst=Gerhard&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1021&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11746-003-0814-x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vegetables; Heavy metals; Nickel; Copper; Esters; Biodegradability; Acids; Lubricants; Oxidation; Iodine; Diesel; Iron; Biofuels DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-003-0814-x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - PAR-2 agonists induce contraction of murine small intestine through neurokinin receptors. AN - 73639075; 12801882 AB - Protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) is a G protein-coupled receptor and is expressed throughout the gut. It is well known that PAR-2 participates in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility; however, the results are inconsistent. The present study investigated the effect and mechanism of PAR-2 activation on murine small intestinal smooth muscle function in vitro. Both trypsin and PAR-2-activating peptide SLIGRL induced a small relaxation followed by a concentration-dependent contraction. The sensitivity to trypsin was greater than that to SLIGRL (EC50 = 0.03 vs. 40 microM), but maximal responses were similar (12.3 +/- 1.6 vs. 13.7 +/- 1.3 N/cm2). Trypsin-evoked contraction (1 microM) exhibited a rapid desensitization, whereas the desensitization of response to SLIGRL was less even at high concentration (50 microM). Atropine had no effect on PAR-2 agonist-induced contractions. In contrast, TTX and capsaicin significantly attenuated those contractions, implicating a neurogenic mechanism that may involve capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves. Furthermore, contractions induced by trypsin and SLIGRL were reduced by neurokinin receptor NK1 antagonist SR-140333 or NK2 antagonist SR-48968 alone or were further reduced by combined application of SR-140333 and SR-48968, indicating the involvement of neurokinin receptors. In addition, desensitizing neurokinin receptors with substance P and/or neurokinin A decreased the PAR-2 agonist-evoked contraction. We concluded that PAR-2 agonists induced a contraction of murine intestinal smooth muscle that was mediated by nerves. The excitatory effect is also dependent on sensory neural pathways and requires both NK1 and NK2 receptors. JF - American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology AU - Zhao, Aiping AU - Shea-Donohue, Terez AD - Nutritional Requirements and Function Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville 20705, USA. Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - October 2003 SP - G696 EP - G703 VL - 285 IS - 4 SN - 0193-1857, 0193-1857 KW - Benzamides KW - 0 KW - Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists KW - Oligopeptides KW - Piperidines KW - Quinuclidines KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Receptor, PAR-2 KW - Receptors, Neurokinin-1 KW - Receptors, Neurokinin-2 KW - Receptors, Thrombin KW - seryl-leucyl-isoleucyl-glycyl-arginyl-leucine KW - SR 140333 KW - 153050-21-6 KW - Substance P KW - 33507-63-0 KW - Tetrodotoxin KW - 4368-28-9 KW - SR 48968 KW - 720U2QK8I5 KW - Neurokinin A KW - 86933-74-6 KW - Trypsin KW - EC 3.4.21.4 KW - Capsaicin KW - S07O44R1ZM KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - RNA, Messenger -- analysis KW - Mice KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Capsaicin -- pharmacology KW - Muscle, Smooth -- physiology KW - Piperidines -- pharmacology KW - Substance P -- pharmacology KW - Benzamides -- pharmacology KW - Neurokinin A -- pharmacology KW - Quinuclidines -- pharmacology KW - Oligopeptides -- pharmacology KW - Tetrodotoxin -- pharmacology KW - Trypsin -- pharmacology KW - Muscle, Smooth -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Receptors, Neurokinin-1 -- physiology KW - Intestine, Small -- innervation KW - Receptors, Neurokinin-2 -- physiology KW - Muscle Contraction -- drug effects KW - Intestine, Small -- chemistry KW - Receptors, Thrombin -- agonists KW - Receptors, Neurokinin-2 -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Intestine, Small -- physiology KW - Receptors, Thrombin -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73639075?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+physiology.+Gastrointestinal+and+liver+physiology&rft.atitle=PAR-2+agonists+induce+contraction+of+murine+small+intestine+through+neurokinin+receptors.&rft.au=Zhao%2C+Aiping%3BShea-Donohue%2C+Terez&rft.aulast=Zhao&rft.aufirst=Aiping&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=285&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=G696&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+physiology.+Gastrointestinal+and+liver+physiology&rft.issn=01931857&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-21 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of behavior and environmental enrichment on disease resistance of turkeys. AN - 73605687; 12946656 AB - Turkey poults were provided with environmental enrichment for the first 14 days after hatch. At 2 days of age each bird was tested for the speed in which it would cross a T-maze. At 5 weeks of age birds were treated with dexamethasone and challenged with Escherichia coli. Enriched birds had higher body weights and incidence of disease and mortality and lower numbers of leukocytes when challenged. Challenged and enriched birds that tested FAST had higher mortality and air sacculitis scores and lower body weights than SLOW birds. Non-enriched, SLOW birds were the only ones to respond to challenge with increases in leukocyte counts and heterophil/lymphocyte ratios. These data suggest that environmental enrichment during the first 2 weeks after hatch may be detrimental to those birds with a FAST T-maze response, and that poults with a FAST response in the T-maze may be more susceptible to experimental bacterial infection. JF - Brain, behavior, and immunity AU - Huff, G R AU - Huff, W E AU - Balog, J M AU - Rath, N C AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Poultry Production and Product Safety Research, Poultry Science Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA. grhuff@uark.edu Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - October 2003 SP - 339 EP - 349 VL - 17 IS - 5 SN - 0889-1591, 0889-1591 KW - Glucocorticoids KW - 0 KW - Dexamethasone KW - 7S5I7G3JQL KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Disease Susceptibility -- veterinary KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Disease Susceptibility -- microbiology KW - Animal Husbandry -- methods KW - Disease Susceptibility -- immunology KW - Neuroimmunomodulation -- immunology KW - Stress, Physiological -- immunology KW - Respiratory Tract Infections -- immunology KW - Respiratory Tract Infections -- veterinary KW - Leukocyte Count -- veterinary KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- immunology KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- veterinary KW - Housing, Animal KW - Temperament -- physiology KW - Stress, Physiological -- veterinary KW - Male KW - Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes -- chemically induced KW - Environment KW - Turkeys -- immunology KW - Maze Learning -- physiology KW - Immunity, Innate -- physiology KW - Poultry Diseases -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73605687?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain%2C+behavior%2C+and+immunity&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+behavior+and+environmental+enrichment+on+disease+resistance+of+turkeys.&rft.au=Huff%2C+G+R%3BHuff%2C+W+E%3BBalog%2C+J+M%3BRath%2C+N+C&rft.aulast=Huff&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=339&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain%2C+behavior%2C+and+immunity&rft.issn=08891591&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-27 N1 - Date created - 2003-08-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of broiler cake and broiler litter, the by-products of two management practices. AN - 73428796; 12835053 AB - The application of broiler manure and bedding (litter) on land has been a long-used disposal method that benefits plant and soil. For proper manure management, factors such as nutrient content, house cleaning management, application methods, and many land, crop, and climatic factors must be considered. A study was undertaken to characterize broiler cake and broiler litter as the by-products of two management systems in Mississippi. Broiler cake and litter productions were quantified and analyzed for four flocks during 1999 and 2000. The overall means for broiler cake production were 12.50, 13.90, and 10.30 kg m(-2) for producers 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Significantly greater quantities of litter, 27.50, 29.0, and 28.30 kg m(-2) than cake were determined for the same producers. The cake and litter moisture averaged 455 and 277 g kg(-1), respectively. No significant differences were observed between cake and litter total N, NH4-N, total C, total P, and water-soluble P (WP). However, cake had significantly greater Ca, Mg, K, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn than litter. Approximately 16.8% of the broiler cake and 15.2% of the broiler litter total P were in the form of water-soluble P. The NH4-N content of the cake and the litter were 12.5% and 11.5% of the cake and litter total nitrogen, respectively. The results also showed the advantage of the decaking practice with respect to the quantity of the manure generated for land application. Approximately 57% of the litter remains in the poultry house with decaking practice after each growth cycle compared to the 0% for total cleanout practice. JF - Bioresource technology AU - Sistani, K R AU - Brink, G E AU - McGowen, S L AU - Rowe, D E AU - Oldham, J L AD - USDA-ARS, Crop Science Research Laboratory, Waste Management and Forage Research Unit, 810 Hwy 12 E, PO Box 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA. karamat.sistani@wku.edu Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - October 2003 SP - 27 EP - 32 VL - 90 IS - 1 SN - 0960-8524, 0960-8524 KW - Fertilizers KW - 0 KW - Industrial Waste KW - Manure KW - Metals KW - Phosphorus KW - 27YLU75U4W KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Ammonia KW - 7664-41-7 KW - Nitrogen KW - N762921K75 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Ammonia -- analysis KW - Refuse Disposal -- methods KW - Nitrogen -- analysis KW - Carbon -- analysis KW - Phosphorus -- analysis KW - Metals -- analysis KW - Manure -- analysis KW - Industrial Waste -- analysis KW - Waste Management -- methods KW - Feces -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73428796?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioresource+technology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+broiler+cake+and+broiler+litter%2C+the+by-products+of+two+management+practices.&rft.au=Sistani%2C+K+R%3BBrink%2C+G+E%3BMcGowen%2C+S+L%3BRowe%2C+D+E%3BOldham%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Sistani&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioresource+technology&rft.issn=09608524&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-30 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute toxicity of methyl-parathion in wetland mesocosms: assessing the influence of aquatic plants using laboratory testing with Hyalella azteca. AN - 71507198; 14674585 AB - Methyl-parathion (MeP) was introduced into constructed wetlands for the purpose of assessing the importance of distance from the source of contamination and the role of emergent vegetation on the acute toxicity to Hyalella azteca (Crustacea: Amphipoda). A vegetated (90% cover: mainly Juncus effuses) and a nonvegetated wetland (each with a water body of 50 x 5.5 x 0.2 m) were each exposed to a simulated MeP storm runoff event. H. azteca was exposed for 48 h in the laboratory to water samples taken from the wetlands at a distance of 5, 10, 20, and 40 m from the pesticide inlet 3 h, 24 h, 96 h, and 10 days following application. Methyl-parathion was detected throughout the nonvegetated wetland, whereas the pesticide was only transported halfway through the vegetated wetland. A repeated-measure three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using time, location, and vegetation indicated significantly lower toxicity in the vegetated wetland. Furthermore, the mortality decreased significantly with both increasing distance from the inlet and time (48-h LC50 +/- 95% CI: 9.0 +/- 0.3 microg/L). A significant three-way interaction of time x vegetation x location confirmed higher toxicity at the inlet area of the nonvegetated wetland immediately after contamination. Significant linear regressions of maximum mortality (independent of time) versus distance from the pesticide inlet indicated that 44 m of vegetated and 111 m of nonvegetated wetland would reduce H. azteca mortality to < or = 5%. These results suggest that vegetation contributes to reduced MeP effects in constructed wetlands. JF - Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology AU - Schulz, R AU - Moore, M T AU - Bennett, E R AU - Milam, C D AU - Bouldin, J L AU - Farris, J L AU - Smith, S AU - Cooper, C M AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, National Sedimentation Laboratory, P.O. Box 1157, Oxford, Mississippi 38655, USA. Ralf.Schulz@syngenta.com Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - October 2003 SP - 331 EP - 336 VL - 45 IS - 3 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Methyl Parathion KW - 41BCL2O91D KW - Index Medicus KW - Ecosystem KW - Animals KW - Water Movements KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Rain KW - Angiosperms -- growth & development KW - Insecticides -- toxicity KW - Methyl Parathion -- toxicity KW - Amphipoda KW - Environmental Exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71507198?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Acute+toxicity+of+methyl-parathion+in+wetland+mesocosms%3A+assessing+the+influence+of+aquatic+plants+using+laboratory+testing+with+Hyalella+azteca.&rft.au=Schulz%2C+R%3BMoore%2C+M+T%3BBennett%2C+E+R%3BMilam%2C+C+D%3BBouldin%2C+J+L%3BFarris%2C+J+L%3BSmith%2C+S%3BCooper%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Schulz&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=331&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.issn=00904341&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-06 N1 - Date created - 2003-12-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Boric acid bait kills adult mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). AN - 71409774; 14650531 AB - The toxicity of boric acid solutions to adult Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say, Culex nigripalpus Theobald, and Aedes albopictus Skuse was evaluated in the laboratory. Median lethal concentrations (LC50 in %) at 24-h exposure for male and female An. quadrimaculatus were 0.317 and 0.885, respectively; for Cx. nigripalpus, 0.273 and 0.560, respectively; and for Ae. albopictus, 0.174 and 0.527, respectively. The LC50 values at 48-h exposure for male and female An. quadrimaculatus were 0.101 and 0.395, respectively; for Cx. nigripalpus, 0.098 and 0.255, respectively; and for Ae. albopictus, 0.078 and 0.244, respectively. In laboratory tests, access for 48 h to sucrose (10%) water containing 1% boric acid (boric acid bait) resulted in 98% mortality in blood fed, gravid, and parous Ae. albopictus. When offered a choice between boric acid bait and sucrose water, 52% of male and 33% of female Ae. albopictus ingested sufficient boric acid bait in 24 h to cause death; after 48 h, respective percent mortalities were 88 and 58%. In outdoor tests, in a walk-in screened cage (156 m3) containing 1,250 female Ae. albopictus, mosquito biting rates on the exposed forearm of a human subject in 3-min exposure were reduced > or = 78% for the boric acid bait treatment, compared with a sucrose water control. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Xue, Rui-De AU - Barnard, Donald R AD - Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA. Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - October 2003 SP - 1559 EP - 1562 VL - 96 IS - 5 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Boric Acids KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Pheromones KW - insect attractants KW - boric acid KW - R57ZHV85D4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Mosquito Control KW - Insect Bites and Stings -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Culex KW - Aedes KW - Anopheles KW - Boric Acids -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71409774?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Boric+acid+bait+kills+adult+mosquitoes+%28Diptera%3A+Culicidae%29.&rft.au=Xue%2C+Rui-De%3BBarnard%2C+Donald+R&rft.aulast=Xue&rft.aufirst=Rui-De&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1559&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-09 N1 - Date created - 2003-12-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cuticular lipids and silverleaf whitefly stage affect conidial germination of Beauveria bassiana and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus. AN - 71364840; 14615214 AB - Beauveria bassiana and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus are generalist entomopathogenic fungi that infect the silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii). We found second and third instar whiteflies to be the most susceptible larval stage to both fungi. Conidia of B. bassiana germinated most readily on the cuticle of second instars (54% germinated) and P. fumosoroseus germination was highest on third instar cuticle (45%). Fourth instars (the ultimate instar) had low susceptibility to these pathogens, and spore germination on the cuticle of fourth instars was very low for B. bassiana (7%) and intermediate for P. fumosoroseus (33%). Cuticular lipids were found to have toxic or inhibitory effects on conidia of B. bassiana and P. fumosoroseus when the spores were germinated on nutrient agar in the presence of the lipids. In the absence of added nutrients, P. fumosoroseus conidial germination increased in the presence of the lipids. To test if the inhibitory effects of the lipids were due solely to hydrophobicity (preventing water from coming into contact with the conidia) we tested the effects of synthetic long-chain wax esters. The synthetic wax esters inhibited germination of P. fumosoroseus to a degree that was similar to the effect of the cuticular lipid extracts, but the synthetic lipids did not have a significant effect on B. bassiana. Thus, the thick coating of long-chain wax esters produced by whitefly nymphs affect spore germination of fungal pathogens, but whether they play a significant role in defense against disease is not clear. JF - Journal of invertebrate pathology AU - James, R R AU - Buckner, J S AU - Freeman, T P AD - USDA-ARS-KSARC, Beneficial Insects Research Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA. rjames@biology.usu.edu Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - October 2003 SP - 67 EP - 74 VL - 84 IS - 2 SN - 0022-2011, 0022-2011 KW - Esters KW - 0 KW - Lipids KW - Waxes KW - Index Medicus KW - Spores, Fungal -- pathogenicity KW - Esters -- chemistry KW - Animals KW - Lipids -- chemistry KW - Esters -- pharmacology KW - Host-Parasite Interactions KW - Spores, Fungal -- growth & development KW - Lipids -- pharmacology KW - Waxes -- chemistry KW - Pest Control, Biological KW - Waxes -- pharmacology KW - Microscopy, Electron, Scanning KW - Ascomycota -- pathogenicity KW - Hemiptera -- parasitology KW - Hemiptera -- chemistry KW - Ascomycota -- growth & development KW - Ascomycota -- drug effects KW - Hemiptera -- ultrastructure KW - Ascomycota -- ultrastructure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71364840?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+invertebrate+pathology&rft.atitle=Cuticular+lipids+and+silverleaf+whitefly+stage+affect+conidial+germination+of+Beauveria+bassiana+and+Paecilomyces+fumosoroseus.&rft.au=James%2C+R+R%3BBuckner%2C+J+S%3BFreeman%2C+T+P&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+invertebrate+pathology&rft.issn=00222011&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-08 N1 - Date created - 2003-11-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of inactivation of poly(hydroxyalkanoates) depolymerase gene on the properties of poly(hydroxyalkanoates) in Pseudomonas resinovorans. AN - 71360552; 12759786 AB - The phaZ gene of Pseudomonas resinovorans codes for a poly(hydroxyalkanoates) (PHA) depolymerase. Two phaZ mutants of Pseudomonas resinovorans NRRL B-2649, FOAC001 and FOAC002, were constructed by an in vitro transposition procedure followed by chromosomal integration via homologous recombination. A detailed mapping of the transposon insertion sites and an analysis of the resultant sequences showed that putative fusion polypeptides PhaZ(FOAC001) (239 amino-acid residues) and PhaZ(FOAC002) (85 amino-acid residues) could result from the mutant phaZ genes of FOAC001 and FOAC002, respectively. In vivo PHA degradation data indicated that PhaZ(FOAC001) might still retain a partial PHA depolymerization activity, while PhaZ(FOAC002) is completely devoid of this function. The cell yields and PHA contents of B-2649, FOAC001, and FOAC002 were similar when the cells were grown either under a limiting nitrogen-source (low-N) condition for up to 5 days or in excess N-source (high-N) for 3 days. A dramatic decrease in PHA content was observed in the PhaZ-active B-2649 and FOAC001 cells during prolonged cell growth (5 days) in high-N medium or in response to a shift-up in nitrogen-source. The repeat-unit compositions of the PHAs from FOAC001 and FOAC002 contained slightly lower amounts of beta-hydroxyoctanoate and higher beta-hydroxytetradecenoate than that of the wild-type B-2649 when grown under a high-N condition. While the molecular masses of the PHAs from FOAC001 and FOAC002 did not vary under any conditions used in this study, those of the wild-type B-2649 were markedly increased in cells either grown for 5 days under a high-N condition or subjected to a nitrogen-source shift-up. These phaZ mutants thus provide a valuable system to study the influence of PHA depolymerase on the accumulation and properties of medium-chain-length PHA. JF - Applied microbiology and biotechnology AU - Solaiman, D K Y AU - Ashby, R D AU - Foglia, T A AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA. dsolaiman@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - October 2003 SP - 536 EP - 543 VL - 62 IS - 5-6 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - Polyesters KW - 0 KW - Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases KW - EC 3.1.1.- KW - poly(3-hydroxyalkanoic acid) depolymerase KW - Nitrogen KW - N762921K75 KW - Index Medicus KW - Genes, Bacterial -- genetics KW - Nitrogen -- metabolism KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional KW - Pseudomonas -- genetics KW - Polyesters -- analysis KW - Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases -- metabolism KW - Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases -- genetics KW - Pseudomonas -- cytology KW - Polyesters -- metabolism KW - Pseudomonas -- growth & development KW - Pseudomonas -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71360552?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+microbiology+and+biotechnology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+inactivation+of+poly%28hydroxyalkanoates%29+depolymerase+gene+on+the+properties+of+poly%28hydroxyalkanoates%29+in+Pseudomonas+resinovorans.&rft.au=Solaiman%2C+D+K+Y%3BAshby%2C+R+D%3BFoglia%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Solaiman&rft.aufirst=D+K&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=5-6&rft.spage=536&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+microbiology+and+biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-28 N1 - Date created - 2003-11-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bacterial recovery from breast skin of genetically feathered and featherless broiler carcasses immediately following scalding and picking. AN - 71346909; 14601745 AB - Genetically feathered and featherless sibling broilers selected for matched BW were killed, scalded, and defeathered to determine the consequences of feathers and empty feather follicles on the recovery of bacteria from carcass breast skin. In trial 1, the vents of all carcasses were plugged and sutured before scalding to prevent the expulsion of cloacal contents during picking. In trial 2, half of the carcasses had their vents plugged and sutured. Immediately after defeathering, breast skin was aseptically removed, and bacteria associated with it were enumerated. In trial 1, the levels of bacteria recovered did not differ between feathered and featherless carcasses: Campylobacter log10 1.4 cfu/mL of rinse, coliform log10 1.8, Escherichia coli log10 1.6, and total aerobic bacteria log10 3.1. In trial 2, the carcasses that had vents plugged and sutured had lower levels of all four types of bacteria (differences of Campylobacter log10 0.7 cfu/mL, coliform log10 1.8, E. coli log10 1.7, and total aerobic bacteria log10 0.5) than those carcasses with open vents. The lower levels of bacteria recovered from carcasses with the vents plugged and sutured during picking enabled detection of small but significant differences between feathered and featherless carcasses. The level of coliform and E. coli recovered was slightly higher by log10 0.7 cfu for feathered carcasses, but featherless carcasses had marginally higher levels of total aerobic bacteria by log10 0.4 cfu. Feathered and featherless carcasses with open vents during picking did not differ in the levels of recovery of coliform, E. coli, and total aerobic bacteria from breast skin. JF - Poultry science AU - Buhr, R J AU - Berrang, M E AU - Cason, J A AD - USDA, ARS Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30604-5677, USA. jbuhr@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - October 2003 SP - 1641 EP - 1647 VL - 82 IS - 10 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Pectoralis Muscles KW - Enterobacteriaceae -- isolation & purification KW - Escherichia coli -- isolation & purification KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Campylobacter -- isolation & purification KW - Skin -- microbiology KW - Hot Temperature KW - Chickens KW - Food Microbiology KW - Feathers KW - Food Handling UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71346909?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Bacterial+recovery+from+breast+skin+of+genetically+feathered+and+featherless+broiler+carcasses+immediately+following+scalding+and+picking.&rft.au=Buhr%2C+R+J%3BBerrang%2C+M+E%3BCason%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Buhr&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1641&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-19 N1 - Date created - 2003-11-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Increased levels of LPS-binding protein in bovine blood and milk following bacterial lipopolysaccharide challenge. AN - 71336947; 14594231 AB - Several species of gram-negative bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and various species of Enterobacter, are common mastitis pathogens. All of these bacteria are characterized by the presence of endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in their outer membrane. The bovine mammary gland is highly sensitive to LPS, and LPS has been implicated, in part, in the pathogenesis of gram-negative mastitis. Recognition of LPS is a key event in the innate immune response to gram-negative infection and is mediated by the accessory molecules CD14 and LPS-binding protein (LBP). The objective of the current study was to determine whether LBP levels increased in the blood and mammary gland following LPS challenge. The left and right quarters of five midlactating Holstein cows were challenged with either saline or LPS (100 microg), respectively, and milk and blood samples collected. Basal levels of plasma and milk LBP were 38 and 6 microg/ml, respectively. Plasma LBP levels increased as early as 8 h post-LPS challenge and reached maximal levels of 138 microg/ ml by 24 h. Analysis of whey samples derived from LPS-treated quarters revealed an increase in milk LBP by 12 h. Similar to plasma, maximal levels of milk LBP (34 microg/ml) were detected 24 h following the initial LPS challenge. Increments in milk LBP levels paralleled a rise in soluble CD14 (sCD14) levels and initial rises in the levels of these proteins were temporally coincident with maximal neutrophil recruitment to the inflamed gland. Because LBP and sCD14 are known to enhance LPS-induced host cell activation and to facilitate detoxification of LPS, these data are consistent with a role for these molecules in mediating mammary gland responses to LPS. JF - Journal of dairy science AU - Bannerman, Douglas D AU - Paape, Max J AU - Hare, William R AU - Sohn, Eun Jung AD - Immunology and Disease Resistance Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. dbanner@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - October 2003 SP - 3128 EP - 3137 VL - 86 IS - 10 SN - 0022-0302, 0022-0302 KW - Acute-Phase Proteins KW - 0 KW - Antigens, CD14 KW - Carrier Proteins KW - Interleukin-8 KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - Membrane Glycoproteins KW - lipopolysaccharide-binding protein KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mammary Glands, Animal -- drug effects KW - Mammary Glands, Animal -- chemistry KW - Mastitis, Bovine -- blood KW - Leukocyte Count KW - Lactation KW - Mastitis, Bovine -- chemically induced KW - Neutrophils KW - Interleukin-8 -- biosynthesis KW - Mammary Glands, Animal -- metabolism KW - Kinetics KW - Escherichia coli KW - Mastitis, Bovine -- physiopathology KW - Milk -- chemistry KW - Female KW - Lipopolysaccharides -- administration & dosage KW - Cattle -- metabolism KW - Antigens, CD14 -- analysis KW - Carrier Proteins -- blood KW - Carrier Proteins -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71336947?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+dairy+science&rft.atitle=Increased+levels+of+LPS-binding+protein+in+bovine+blood+and+milk+following+bacterial+lipopolysaccharide+challenge.&rft.au=Bannerman%2C+Douglas+D%3BPaape%2C+Max+J%3BHare%2C+William+R%3BSohn%2C+Eun+Jung&rft.aulast=Bannerman&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3128&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+dairy+science&rft.issn=00220302&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-19 N1 - Date created - 2003-11-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), TaqMan Salmonella, and Transia Card Salmonella assays for detection of Salmonella spp. in naturally-contaminated ground chicken, ground turkey, and ground beef. AN - 71316954; 14580395 AB - Four types of assays were evaluated for the detection of Salmonella spp. in retail ground chicken (86 packages), ground turkey (104 packages), and ground beef (54 packages). Two 25 g samples from each package were separately subjected to pre-enrichment in buffered peptone water for 20 h at 37 degrees C followed by enrichment in Rappaport Vassiliadis (RV) broth for 20 h at 42 degrees C. The RV enrichments were plated onto Rambach agar, Rainbow Agar Salmonella, and XLT4 agar, and were also tested by a PCR assay targeting the Salmonella invA gene, as well as by the TaqMan Salmonella PCR assay. Additionally, the RV enrichments were tested using the Transia Card Salmonella immunoassay. Results showed that 16.8, 24.0, 28.8, and 26.4% of turkey samples were positive for Salmonella spp. by culture, PCR, TaqMan PCR, and Transia Card Salmonella assays, respectively. Eighteen, 28.5, 35.5, and 34.9% of chicken samples were positive by culture, PCR, TaqMan PCR, and Transia Card Salmonella assays, respectively, and 6.5, 6.5, 6.5, and 18.5% of ground beef samples were positive by the four assays, respectively. Analysis of the data using the kappa statistic showed that there was substantial to excellent agreement between the PCR and TaqMan PCR assays and between the PCR and culture assays (kappa coefficients ranging from 0.67 to 0.87), while there was poor to fair agreement between the results of the Transia Card Salmonella assay and the other methods (kappa coefficients ranging from 0.28 to 0.32). Overall, results showed that the PCR-based assays were more sensitive than the culture method, and the culture and PCR-based assays were more specific than the immunoassay for detection of Salmonella in ground chicken, turkey, and beef due to the occurrence of false positive results using the immunoassay. JF - Molecular and cellular probes AU - Fratamico, Pina M AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA. pfratamico@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - October 2003 SP - 215 EP - 221 VL - 17 IS - 5 SN - 0890-8508, 0890-8508 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - invA protein, Bacteria KW - 147652-43-5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Turkeys -- microbiology KW - Food Microbiology KW - Chickens -- microbiology KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Meat Products -- microbiology KW - Salmonella -- chemistry KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - Salmonella -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71316954?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+cellular+probes&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+culture%2C+polymerase+chain+reaction+%28PCR%29%2C+TaqMan+Salmonella%2C+and+Transia+Card+Salmonella+assays+for+detection+of+Salmonella+spp.+in+naturally-contaminated+ground+chicken%2C+ground+turkey%2C+and+ground+beef.&rft.au=Fratamico%2C+Pina+M&rft.aulast=Fratamico&rft.aufirst=Pina&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=215&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+cellular+probes&rft.issn=08908508&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-22 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a selective broth medium for the detection of injured Campylobacter jejuni by capacitance monitoring. AN - 71295793; 14572208 AB - The purpose of these studies was to develop a conductimetric method for the rapid detection of Campylobacter jejuni. Numerous basal medium components were analyzed to develop a growth-enhancing broth medium for detection of freeze-injured Campylobacter cells using a conductimetric system. The final medium was composed of a modified Campy-Line agar from which the agar and triphenyltetrazolium chloride were removed and the amino acid, L-arginine was added. Pure isolates of C. jejuni. (frozen and thawed to produce stressed cells) were utilized to test the detection methodology. Monitoring of significant changes in the capacitance signal was found suitable for detection of Campylobacter proliferation. Using stressed pure cultures, Campylobacter growth was repeatedly detected at very low inoculum levels (about one cell per well). There was a direct linear relationship between detection times (DTs) and the initial inoculum level. For example, using a single strain, the mean DT (n = 20) at the 10 CFU/ml inoculum level was 28.6 h, with 100% of the inoculated wells detecting. The mean DTs at the 100, 1,000, and 10,000 CFU/ml inoculum levels were 24.9, 21.4, and 17.0 h, respectively. This study demonstrates that conductimetric methods can be utilized for the rapid detection of C. jejuni. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Line, J Eric AU - Pearson, Kirsten G AD - US Department of Agriculture, Russell Research Center, PO Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30677, USA. eline@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - October 2003 SP - 1752 EP - 1755 VL - 66 IS - 10 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Culture Media KW - 0 KW - Agar KW - 9002-18-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Food Microbiology KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Time Factors KW - Campylobacter jejuni -- isolation & purification KW - Culture Media -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71295793?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+selective+broth+medium+for+the+detection+of+injured+Campylobacter+jejuni+by+capacitance+monitoring.&rft.au=Line%2C+J+Eric%3BPearson%2C+Kirsten+G&rft.aulast=Line&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1752&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-09 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of freezing, irradiation, and frozen storage on survival of Salmonella in concentrated orange juice. AN - 71294679; 14572232 AB - Six strains of Salmonella (Anatum F4317, Dublin 15480, Enteritidis 13076, Enteritidis WY15159, Stanley H0588, and Typhimurium 14028) were individually inoculated into orange juice concentrate (OJC) and frozen to -20 degrees C. The frozen samples were treated with 0 (nonirradiated), 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 kGy of gamma radiation and held frozen for 1 h, and the surviving bacterial population was assessed. The strains showed significant variability in their response to freezing and to freezing in combination with irradiation. The response was dose dependent. Relative to the nonfrozen, nonirradiated control, the reduction following the highest dose (2.0 kGy) ranged from 1.29 log CFU/ml (Salmonella Typhimurium) to 2.17 log CFU/ml (Salmonella Stanley). Samples of OJC inoculated with Salmonella Enteritidis WY15159 and irradiated were stored at -20 degrees C for 1, 2, 7, or 14 days, and the surviving population was determined. Relative to the nonfrozen, nonirradiated control, after 14 days, the population was reduced by 1.2 log CFU/ml in the nonirradiated samples and by 3.3 log CFU/ml following treatment with 2.0 kGy. The combination of frozen storage plus irradiation resulted in greater overall reductions than either process alone. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Niemira, Brendan A AU - Sommers, Christopher H AU - Boyd, Glenn AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. bniemira@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - October 2003 SP - 1916 EP - 1919 VL - 66 IS - 10 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Microbiology KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Gamma Rays KW - Humans KW - Freezing KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Time Factors KW - Salmonella -- growth & development KW - Citrus -- microbiology KW - Beverages -- microbiology KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Food Irradiation KW - Frozen Foods -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71294679?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Effect+of+freezing%2C+irradiation%2C+and+frozen+storage+on+survival+of+Salmonella+in+concentrated+orange+juice.&rft.au=Niemira%2C+Brendan+A%3BSommers%2C+Christopher+H%3BBoyd%2C+Glenn&rft.aulast=Niemira&rft.aufirst=Brendan&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1916&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-09 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Construction and preliminary evaluation of an Aspergillus flavus reporter gene construct as a potential tool for screening aflatoxin resistance. AN - 71289030; 14572235 AB - Effective preharvest strategies to eliminate aflatoxin accumulation in crops are not presently available. The molecular biology of aflatoxin biosynthesis has been extensively studied, and genetic and molecular tools such as reporter gene systems for the measurement of fungal growth have been developed. A reporter construct containing the Aspergillus flavus beta-tubulin gene promoter fused to Escherichia coli beta-glucuronidase (GUS) has been shown to be a reliable tool for the indirect measurement of fungal growth in maize kernels. Since cost-saving alternative methods for the direct measurement of aflatoxin levels are needed to facilitate more widespread field and laboratory screening of maize lines, a new reporter gene construct involving the promoter region of the omtA gene of the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway was constructed and tested. Expression of GUS activity by this construct (omtA::GUS) was correlated with aflatoxin accumulation in culture. In the fungal transformant GAP26-1, which harbors this construct, aflatoxin production and GUS expression on sucrose-containing medium showed the same temporal pattern of toxin induction. Furthermore, GUS expression by GAP26-1 was shown to be associated with aflatoxin accumulation in maize kernels inoculated with this strain. Our results suggest that this and other reporter gene pathway promoter constructs may provide superior alternatives to direct aflatoxin quantification with respect to time, labor, and materials for the screening of maize lines for resistance to aflatoxin accumulation. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Brown, Robert L AU - Brown-Jenco, Carmen S AU - Bhatnagar, Deepak AU - Payne, Gary A AD - Southern Regional Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, New Orleans, Louisiana 70179, USA. Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - October 2003 SP - 1927 EP - 1931 VL - 66 IS - 10 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Tubulin KW - Glucuronidase KW - EC 3.2.1.31 KW - Index Medicus KW - Glucuronidase -- metabolism KW - Glucuronidase -- genetics KW - Tubulin -- genetics KW - Tubulin -- metabolism KW - Escherichia coli -- enzymology KW - Aspergillus flavus -- genetics KW - Aflatoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Zea mays -- microbiology KW - Aflatoxins -- genetics KW - Zea mays -- chemistry KW - Genes, Reporter KW - Aspergillus flavus -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71289030?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Construction+and+preliminary+evaluation+of+an+Aspergillus+flavus+reporter+gene+construct+as+a+potential+tool+for+screening+aflatoxin+resistance.&rft.au=Brown%2C+Robert+L%3BBrown-Jenco%2C+Carmen+S%3BBhatnagar%2C+Deepak%3BPayne%2C+Gary+A&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1927&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-09 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using a portable real-time PCR assay to detect Salmonella in raw milk. AN - 71288277; 14572210 AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of a portable real-time PCR system in detecting Salmonella spp. in raw milk. The 200 bulk milk samples chosen for this study constituted a subset of the samples for a larger study; this subset contained 24 samples that were culture positive for Salmonella and 176 that were culture negative. Milk was both plated directly on selective agar and plated after enrichment in selective media. Presumptive Salmonella colonies were isolated by direct culturing of five samples, while Salmonella was isolated from the remaining 19 positive samples only after enrichment. Presumptive Salmonella isolates were serotyped, and isolates from 22 samples were confirmed to be Salmonella isolates. PCR assays of culture-positive milk prior to enrichment yielded no evidence of Salmonella. DNA extracts of bacterial pellets from the enriched samples were analyzed for Salmonella by real-time PCR with the Ruggedized Advanced Pathogen Identification Device (RAPID). Fifty-four samples from the enrichment pellets tested positive for Salmonella by real-time PCR. Two samples that tested positive for Salmonella by culture and serotyping tested Salmonella negative by real-time PCR. Serotyping identified isolates from these samples as Salmonella Montevideo. All DNA extracts of Salmonella Montevideo isolates tested positive for Salmonella by real-time PCR. Thirty-three samples tested negative by culture and positive by real-time PCR. These results indicate that the portable real-time PCR system appears to be a useful tool for detecting Salmonella in raw milk. Additionally, the combination of enrichment and real-time PCR techniques used in this study can yield results in 24 h, compared with the 48 to 72 h required for traditional culture. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Van Kessel, J S AU - Karns, J S AU - Perdue, M L AD - Environmental Microbial Safety Laboratory, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Building 173, Room 204, BARC-East, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA. jkessel@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - October 2003 SP - 1762 EP - 1767 VL - 66 IS - 10 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Culture Media KW - 0 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Food Microbiology KW - Humans KW - Serotyping KW - Sequence Analysis, DNA KW - DNA, Bacterial -- analysis KW - Salmonella -- genetics KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Milk -- microbiology KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71288277?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Using+a+portable+real-time+PCR+assay+to+detect+Salmonella+in+raw+milk.&rft.au=Van+Kessel%2C+J+S%3BKarns%2C+J+S%3BPerdue%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Van+Kessel&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1762&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-09 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Validation of the USDA/ARS package rinse method for recovery of Listeria monocytogenes from naturally contaminated, commercially prepared frankfurters. AN - 71287356; 14572233 AB - The utility of the U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service (USDA/ARS) package rinse method for recovering Listeria monocytogenes from the surface of contaminated foods was validated in comparison to the standard USDA/Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) product composite enrichment method and two other methods using frankfurters from a lot with a known package prevalence rate of approximately 16% for this pathogen. One hundred packages from this batch of naturally contaminated, commercially prepared frankfurters were examined as follows: (i) the package exudative fluid was removed and tested using the standard USDA/FSIS product composite enrichment method; (ii) approximately 5 to 7 portions of frankfurters were removed to obtain a 25-g composite of meat that was then processed using the standard USDA/FSIS product composite enrichment method: (iii) 50 ml of 0.1% peptone water was added to each package, and the USDA/ARS package rinse method was performed on the remaining contents; and (iv) after removing the rinse fluid, the solid contents remaining in each package were directly enriched using the USDA/FSIS product composite enrichment method. These four methods identified that 7, 6, 15, and 9 of the 100 packages tested positive for the pathogen, respectively. Although no single approach yielded a positive result for every package that tested positive for L. monocytogenes by any one of the four sampling strategies, the USDA/ARS package rinse method was appreciably (P < 0.05) better than either the package exudate enrichment method or the standard USDA/FSIS product composite enrichment method at recovering the bacterium. These findings validate the sensitivity and ease of use of the USDA/ARS package rinse method using naturally contaminated frankfurters and argue strongly for its adoption for routine screening of ready-to-eat products that are prone to surface contamination with undesirable microbes such as L. monocytogenes. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Wallace, F Morgan AU - Call, Jeffrey E AU - Luchansky, John B AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - October 2003 SP - 1920 EP - 1923 VL - 66 IS - 10 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Colony Count, Microbial -- methods KW - Food Microbiology KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - United States Department of Agriculture KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- isolation & purification KW - Meat Products -- microbiology KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- growth & development KW - Food Packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71287356?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Validation+of+the+USDA%2FARS+package+rinse+method+for+recovery+of+Listeria+monocytogenes+from+naturally+contaminated%2C+commercially+prepared+frankfurters.&rft.au=Wallace%2C+F+Morgan%3BCall%2C+Jeffrey+E%3BLuchansky%2C+John+B&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1920&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-09 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protective effect of vitamin C against the ethanol mediated toxic effects on human brain glial cells. AN - 71271938; 14559112 AB - It is now known that chronic consumption of excessive amounts of alcohol is a major source of social and medical problems. Ethanol-mediated glial cell activation may lead to neuron damage in many ways, including the formation of free radicals and production of pro-inflammatory molecules. Vitamin C (vit-C) is an essential dietary nutrient required as a co-factor for many enzymes and a very efficient antioxidant, protecting cells against free radical-mediated damage. The objective of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of vit-C on glial cell activation and viability against ethanol-mediated toxicity. Human brain astrocyte cells (HA) were exposed to ethanol (0, 50, and 350 mmol/L) for 24 h. We found that glial cells incubated with different concentrations of vit-C increase their vit-C in a dose-dependent manner. HA incubated with 0, 50 or 350 mmol/L of ethanol for up to 24 h showed toxic effects that were proportional to the levels of ethanol in the medium, HA showed increased levels of heat shock protein (Hsp70). However, cells enriched with vit-C before being exposed to ethanol, were better protected against the alcohol-mediated toxicity than non-supplemented cells, and showed significantly lower concentrations of Hsp70. Ethanol also caused increased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and synthesis of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which were reduced by vit-C. In summary, HA supplemented with vit-C were significantly more resistant to the ethanol-mediated toxic effects. JF - The Journal of nutritional biochemistry AU - Sánchez-Moreno, Concepción AU - Paniagua, Manuel AU - Madrid, Antonio AU - Martín, Antonio AD - Nutrition and Neurocognitive Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA. Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - October 2003 SP - 606 EP - 613 VL - 14 IS - 10 SN - 0955-2863, 0955-2863 KW - HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins KW - 0 KW - Isoenzymes KW - Membrane Proteins KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - Cyclooxygenase 2 KW - EC 1.14.99.1 KW - PTGS2 protein, human KW - Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases KW - Dinoprostone KW - K7Q1JQR04M KW - Ascorbic Acid KW - PQ6CK8PD0R KW - Index Medicus KW - HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins -- metabolism KW - Astrocytes -- cytology KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Dinoprostone -- metabolism KW - Astrocytes -- drug effects KW - Isoenzymes -- metabolism KW - Neuroglia -- metabolism KW - Neuroglia -- cytology KW - Brain -- cytology KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Ethanol -- toxicity KW - Brain -- metabolism KW - Neuroglia -- drug effects KW - Ascorbic Acid -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71271938?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+nutritional+biochemistry&rft.atitle=Protective+effect+of+vitamin+C+against+the+ethanol+mediated+toxic+effects+on+human+brain+glial+cells.&rft.au=S%C3%A1nchez-Moreno%2C+Concepci%C3%B3n%3BPaniagua%2C+Manuel%3BMadrid%2C+Antonio%3BMart%C3%ADn%2C+Antonio&rft.aulast=S%C3%A1nchez-Moreno&rft.aufirst=Concepci%C3%B3n&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=606&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+nutritional+biochemistry&rft.issn=09552863&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-04 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phylogenetic diversity and relationships among sorghum accessions using SSRs and RAPDs AN - 20334687; 7662603 AB - Two DNA-based fingerprinting techniques, simple sequence repeats (SSR) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analyses, were applied in sorghum germplasm analysis to compare suitability for quantifying genetic diversity. Twenty-two sorghum genotypes, representing an array of germplasm sources with important agronomic traits, were assayed for polymorphism using 32 RAPD primers and 28 sets of sorghum SSR primers. The results indicated that SSR markers were highly polymorphic with an average of 4.5 alleles per primer. The RAPD primers were less polymorphic with nearly 40% of the fragments being monomorphic. An analysis of genetic diversity among sorghum lines indicated that the genetic distances calculated from SSR data were highly correlated with the distances based on the geographic origin and race classifications. Based on the results of these studies, SSR markers appear to be particularly useful for the estimation of genetic similarity among diverse genotypes of sorghum. JF - African Journal of Biotechnology AU - Agrama, HA AU - Tuinstra, M R AD - Plant Pathology Department, North Dakota State University and NCSL, USDA, Fargo, ND 58105-5677, USA, agramah@fargo.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 334 EP - 340 VL - 2 IS - 10 SN - 1684-5315, 1684-5315 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Phylogeny KW - Gene polymorphism KW - Genetic diversity KW - Random amplified polymorphic DNA KW - DNA fingerprinting KW - Classification KW - Germplasm KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Simple sequence repeats KW - Genetic distance KW - Evolution KW - Sorghum KW - W 30930:Agricultural Applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20334687?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=African+Journal+of+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Phylogenetic+diversity+and+relationships+among+sorghum+accessions+using+SSRs+and+RAPDs&rft.au=Agrama%2C+HA%3BTuinstra%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Agrama&rft.aufirst=HA&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=334&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=African+Journal+of+Biotechnology&rft.issn=16845315&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sorghum; Random amplified polymorphic DNA; Genetic diversity; Evolution; Germplasm; Classification; Gene polymorphism; Simple sequence repeats; DNA fingerprinting; Phylogeny; Genetic distance; Polymerase chain reaction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus Rotundus) Population Dynamics in Narrow Row Transgenic Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and Soybean (Glycine max) Rotation AN - 19814170; 5808863 AB - A 4-yr field study was conducted during 1998 through 2001 at Stoneville, MS, to determine the effects of narrow-row transgenic cotton and soybean rotation on purple nutsedge populations and crop yield. Crop rotations over 4 yr included cotton and soybean sown in the following patterns: CCSS, CSCS, SCSC, SSCC, and continuous cotton (CCCC) and soybean (SSSS), where cotton is denoted as (C) and soybean as (S), all with herbicide programs that were glyphosate based, non-glyphosate based, or no purple-nutsedge control (NPNC). Purple nutsedge populations and shoot dry biomass were reduced in cotton and soybean rotation and continuous soybean by 72 and 92%, respectively, whereas in continuous cotton, purple nutsedge populations increased by 67% and shoot dry biomass was reduced by 32% after 4 yr. Reductions in purple nutsedge populations also occurred in soybean when cotton was rotated with soybean (CSCS and SCSC), compared with continuous cotton. Among herbicide programs, the glyphosate-based program was more effective in reducing purple nutsedge populations, compared with the non-glyphosate-based program. Seed cotton yield was greater with cotton following soybean (SCSC) than with cotton following cotton (CCCC, CCSS) in 1999. However, seed cotton yields were similar regardless of crop rotation systems in 2000 and 2001. Seed cotton yields were equivalent in the glyphosate-based and non-glyphosate-based programs in 1999 and 2001. During 1999 to 2001, seed cotton yields were reduced by 62 to 85% in NPNC compared with yields in glyphosate- and non-glyphosate-based programs. Soybean yields were unaffected by crop rotation systems in all the 4 yr. Among herbicide programs, non-glyphosate-based program in all 4 yr and glyphosate-based program in 1999 and 2000 gave higher soybean yield compared with NPNC. After 4 yr of rotation, purple nutsedge tubers and plant density were highest in continuous cotton and lowest in continuous soybean. Both herbicide programs reduced tubers per core and plant density compared with NPNC, and the glyphosate-based program was more effective than the non-glyphosate-based program. These results show that in cotton production, severe infestations of purple nutsedge can be managed by rotating cotton with soybean or by using glyphosate-based herbicide program in glyphosate-resistant cotton. Nomenclature: Glyphosate; purple nutsedge, Cyperus rotundus L. NUMBER SIGN CYPRO; cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. 'DP 436RR'; soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. 'DP 5806RR'. Additional index words: Purple nutsedge tuber, transgenic crop. Abbreviations: fb, followed by; NPNC, herbicide program with no purple-nutsedge control; POST, postemergence; PPI, preplant incorporated; PRE, preemergence. JF - Weed Technology AU - Bryson, C T AU - Reddy, K N AU - Molin, W T AD - USDA-ARS, Southern Weed Science Research Unit, P.O. Box 350, Stoneville, MS 38776., cbryson@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 805 EP - 810 PB - Weed Science Society of America VL - 17 IS - 4 SN - 0890-037X, 0890-037X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Nomenclature KW - Weeds KW - Seeds KW - Herbicides KW - Population dynamics KW - Biomass KW - Crops KW - Glycine max KW - Soybeans KW - Gossypium hirsutum KW - Shoots KW - Crop rotation KW - Infestation KW - Cyperus rotundus KW - Tubers KW - Glyphosate KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19814170?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Technology&rft.atitle=Purple+Nutsedge+%28Cyperus+Rotundus%29+Population+Dynamics+in+Narrow+Row+Transgenic+Cotton+%28Gossypium+hirsutum%29+and+Soybean+%28Glycine+max%29+Rotation&rft.au=Bryson%2C+C+T%3BReddy%2C+K+N%3BMolin%2C+W+T&rft.aulast=Bryson&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=805&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Technology&rft.issn=0890037X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0890-037X%282003%29017%280805%3APNCRPD%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0890-037X&volume=17&page=805 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Glycine max; Cyperus rotundus; Gossypium hirsutum; Soybeans; Herbicides; Seeds; Tubers; Crop rotation; Shoots; Glyphosate; Crops; Biomass; Nomenclature; Weeds; Population dynamics; Infestation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0890-037X(2003)017(0805:PNCRPD)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A simple method for studying whole sections of rice grain AN - 19711789; 7333594 AB - We developed a new and simple method to collect sections of a whole brown rice kernel for investigation of histological properties. A single kernel of rice was dehydrated through a graded ethanol series, transferred to xylene, and embedded in paraffin. During sectioning of the blocks using a rotary microtome, we used a special adhesive tape to collect and place the sections on slides so they remained flat. The use of the adhesive tape technique combined with autofluorescence characteristics allowed us to visualize cell walls throughout an entire longitudinal or transverse section of a whole rice kernel. We obtained scanning electron microscopy images of the sections to determine section quality. JF - Biotechnic and Histochemistry AU - Ogawa, Y AU - Orts, W J AU - Glenn, G M AU - Wood, D F AD - USDA, ARS Western Regional Research Center 800 Buchanan Street CA 94710 Albany Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 237 EP - 242 PB - Taylor & Francis Ltd., 11 New Fetter Lane London EC4P 4EE UK, [mailto:info@tandf.co.uk], [URL:http://www.tandf.co.uk] VL - 78 IS - 5 SN - 1052-0295, 1052-0295 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - grain KW - paraffin KW - rice KW - tape KW - whole sections KW - Scanning electron microscopy KW - Paraffin KW - Xylene KW - Sectioning KW - Grain KW - Oryza sativa KW - Kernels KW - Adhesives KW - Cell walls KW - Ethanol KW - Cell adhesion KW - W 30900:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19711789?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnic+and+Histochemistry&rft.atitle=A+simple+method+for+studying+whole+sections+of+rice+grain&rft.au=Ogawa%2C+Y%3BOrts%2C+W+J%3BGlenn%2C+G+M%3BWood%2C+D+F&rft.aulast=Ogawa&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnic+and+Histochemistry&rft.issn=10520295&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F10520290310001630467 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Scanning electron microscopy; Paraffin; Xylene; Sectioning; Grain; Kernels; Adhesives; Cell adhesion; Ethanol; Cell walls; Oryza sativa DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10520290310001630467 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phytotoxicity of Cd combinations with Cu, Zn, Pb and Fe expressed through root growth inhibition and metal accumulation in mustard (Sinapis alba L.) young plants AN - 19432495; 6090810 AB - Young mustard (Sinapis alba L.) plants were used to evaluate the effect of Cd in combination with Cu, Zn, Pb and Fe on root prolongation and metal accumulation in the roots. All metal-metal combinations significantly inhibited root growth compared to the control sample as well as to both metals alone. An exception was found only for the combination of Cd+Zn where, in comparison with both metals alone, no significant difference in root prolongation could be confirmed. Therefore, a reciprocal synergistic effect was confirmed between Cd + Cu and Pb + Fe, but not between Cd + Zn, where an additive effect was observed. In pure state, Pb and Cd were the metals accumulated in the roots in the highest amount. Metals in combinations were accumulated in roots in lower amounts than metals applied individually. Only Cd in combination with Zn and Fe was accumulated in amount not significantly lower than when it was presented alone. This indicates that Zn as well as Fe did not influence the accumulation of Cd. The effect of Zn and Fe to Cd was additive. JF - Fresenius Environmental Bulletin AU - Fargasova, A AU - Svetkova, K AD - Comenius University Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Ecosozology and Physiotactics, Mlynska dolina, 842 15 Bratislava - Slovak Republic, fargasova@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 835 EP - 839 PB - Technische Universitaet Muenchen VL - 12 IS - 8 SN - 1018-4619, 1018-4619 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Metals KW - Roots KW - Copper KW - Lead KW - Growth KW - Sinapis alba KW - Zinc KW - Cadmium KW - Phytotoxicity KW - Additives KW - environmental chemistry KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - X 24360:Metals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19432495?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Fresenius+Environmental+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Phytotoxicity+of+Cd+combinations+with+Cu%2C+Zn%2C+Pb+and+Fe+expressed+through+root+growth+inhibition+and+metal+accumulation+in+mustard+%28Sinapis+alba+L.%29+young+plants&rft.au=Fargasova%2C+A%3BSvetkova%2C+K&rft.aulast=Fargasova&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=835&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fresenius+Environmental+Bulletin&rft.issn=10184619&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Metals; Zinc; Roots; Phytotoxicity; Cadmium; Copper; Lead; Growth; environmental chemistry; Additives; Sinapis alba ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Incorporating economics into the phosphorus index: An application to U.S. watersheds AN - 19427168; 5935049 AB - Discharge of excess nutrients into surface water by agricultural production is a significant source of water pollution throughout the United States. A number of mechanisms can be used by policymakers to identify regions for initial abatement programs. One targeting mechanism that is commonly used is the phosphorus index, or P index. This paper develops the concept of an economic P index -- one that incorporates into the conventional P index heterogeneous agricultural net returns across watersheds to better target abatement policies for agricultural phosphorus discharge. Using national-level data for phosphorus transport factors, source factors, and net returns, we find that targeting watersheds using an economic P index improves the potential cost-effectiveness of phosphorus abatement efforts by as much as 50% when compared with a conventional P index. Assuming average abatement costs vary in the same direction and magnitude as do agricultural net returns relative to phosphorus discharge potentials, targeting regions using an economic P index in coordination with a conventional P index reduces by more than 60% potential average costs of abatement. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Johansson, R C AU - Randall, J R AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture-Economic Research Service in the Resources and Environmental Policy Branch, Washington, DC, USA Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 224 EP - 231 VL - 58 IS - 5 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water Pollution KW - Agricultural Runoff KW - Surface water KW - Water conservation KW - Phosphorus KW - Nutrients KW - Surface Water KW - Watersheds KW - Phosphorus in runoff KW - Costs KW - Water Pollution Control KW - Economics KW - Agricultural effects on surface waters KW - Agricultural runoff KW - Nonpoint Pollution Sources KW - Water Conservation KW - Nonpoint pollution KW - Water pollution KW - Water pollution control KW - USA KW - M2 556.51:Drainage Areas (556.51) KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - M2 556.535.8:Pollution (of rivers) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19427168?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Incorporating+economics+into+the+phosphorus+index%3A+An+application+to+U.S.+watersheds&rft.au=Johansson%2C+R+C%3BRandall%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Johansson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=224&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water conservation; Agricultural effects on surface waters; Water pollution; Phosphorus in runoff; Water pollution control; Surface water; Economics; Phosphorus; Nutrients; Nonpoint pollution; Watersheds; Agricultural runoff; Costs; Water Pollution; Water Pollution Control; Agricultural Runoff; Nonpoint Pollution Sources; Surface Water; Water Conservation; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stream corridor restoration research: a long and winding road AN - 19412862; 6075848 AB - Stream corridor restoration research and practice is presented as an example of the application of ecology and engineering to solve a class of environmental problems. Interest and public investment in stream corridor restoration has increased sharply in developed nations over the last two decades, as evidenced by the volume of technical and refereed literature. However, real progress at the regional and national scale depends on successful research outcomes. Research addressing problems associated with stream corridor ecosystem restoration is beset by numerous problems. First, terms referring to restoration are loosely defined. Secondly, stream ecosystems are not amenable to rigorous experimental design because they are governed by a host of independent variables that are heterogeneous in time and space, they are not scalable, and their response times are often too long for human attention spans. These problems lead to poorly controlled or uncontrolled experiments with outcomes that are not reproducible. Extension of results to other sites or regions is uncertain. Social factors further complicate research and practice; riparian landowners may or may not cooperate with the experiment, and application of findings normally occurs through a process of suboptimal compromise. Economic issues, namely assigning costs for present and future ecosystem services that provide off-site benefits, further impede progress. Clearly, the situation calls for a hybrid approach between the rigor of the ecologist and the judgment and pragmatism of the engineer. This hybrid approach can be used to develop creative, low-cost approaches to address key factors limiting recovery. JF - Ecological Engineering AU - Shields, F D AU - Cooper, CM Jr AU - Knight, S S AU - Moore, M T AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, National Sedimentation Laboratory, Oxford, MS 38655-1157, USA Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - October 2003 SP - 441 EP - 454 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl] VL - 20 IS - 5 SN - 0925-8574, 0925-8574 KW - ecological engineering KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Stream corridor restoration KW - Ecology and engineering KW - Habitat KW - Fish KW - Vertebrates KW - Agriculture KW - Experiments KW - Environmental Effects KW - Public Investment KW - Ecosystems KW - Environmental engineering KW - Freshwater KW - Ecologists KW - Streams KW - Restoration KW - Costs KW - Socio-economic aspects KW - River Regulations KW - Roads KW - Response time KW - Fishes KW - Hybrids KW - Experimental Design KW - Cost analysis KW - Environmental restoration KW - Benefits KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - M3 1120:Land KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - Q2 09281:General KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19412862?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Engineering&rft.atitle=Stream+corridor+restoration+research%3A+a+long+and+winding+road&rft.au=Shields%2C+F+D%3BCooper%2C+CM+Jr%3BKnight%2C+S+S%3BMoore%2C+M+T&rft.aulast=Shields&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=441&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Engineering&rft.issn=09258574&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ecoleng.2003.08.005 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Response time; Hybrids; Restoration; Agriculture; Socio-economic aspects; Roads; Fishes; Cost analysis; Environmental restoration; Environmental engineering; Ecologists; Streams; Costs; Environmental Effects; River Regulations; Public Investment; Ecosystems; Experimental Design; Benefits; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2003.08.005 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nutrient removal by grass components of vegetated buffer systems receiving swine lagoon effluent AN - 19401211; 5935050 AB - Information is needed on nutrient removal mechanisms in vegetated buffer systems to assist in the design of these long-term nutrient removal systems. We determined nutrient removal by grass portions of grass-forest buffer systems receiving swine lagoon wastewater. Cuttings were made at three positions within buffers of coastal Bermuda grass (Cynondon dactylon L.) (Tifton 78) for three years. Wastewater was applied weekly at two rates. The first rate averaged 800 kg N ha super(-1) yr super(-1) (714 lb N ac super(-1) yr super(-1)), 215 kg P ha super(-1) yr super(-1) (192 lb P ac super(-1) yr super(-1)), and 1030 kg K ha super(-1) yr super(-1) (920 lb K ac super(-1) yr super(-1)), and the second rate furnished twice these amounts. Grass buffers 20 m (65.6 ft) in length removed 44% of the nitrogen (N), 19% of the phosphorus (P), and 23% of the potassium (K) as grass biomass from the lesser wastewater application rate. Nutrient removal via uptake (percentage of applied) dropped by a factor of 1.6 when wastewater was applied at the greater rate. Overall, the study showed that while nutrient uptake into the grass biomass accounts for a portion of the nutrient removal in grass-forest buffer systems, the nutrient concentrations in surface runoff and subsurface water exiting these systems as reported previously (Hubbard et al., 1998b), imply that other factors (denitrification, forest uptake, and adsorption) play a greater role in the nutrient assimilation and filtering commonly associated with grass-forest buffer systems. The information on biomass production and nutrient removal by coastal Bermuda grass receiving wastewater in a lower landscape position is important for producers who want to utilize the wastewater nutrients and produce forage on an under-utilized portion of the landscape. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Hubbard, R K AU - Newton, G L AU - Gascho, G J AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory in Tifton, Georgia, USA Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - October 2003 SP - 232 EP - 242 VL - 58 IS - 5 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Surface Runoff KW - Grasses KW - Water conservation KW - Phosphorus KW - Lagoons KW - Application Rates KW - Forages KW - Nutrient Removal KW - Denitrification KW - Absorption KW - Subsurface Water KW - Barn Wastewater KW - Potassium KW - Biomass KW - Effluents KW - ANW, Atlantic, Bermuda KW - Livestock KW - Bermuda KW - Adsorption KW - Uptake KW - Coastal lagoons KW - Nutrients (mineral) KW - Runoff KW - Subsurface water KW - Nitrogen KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - Q2 09184:Composition of water UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19401211?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Nutrient+removal+by+grass+components+of+vegetated+buffer+systems+receiving+swine+lagoon+effluent&rft.au=Hubbard%2C+R+K%3BNewton%2C+G+L%3BGascho%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Hubbard&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=232&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water conservation; Denitrification; Potassium; Uptake; Nutrients (mineral); Coastal lagoons; Effluents; Subsurface water; Runoff; Barn Wastewater; Subsurface Water; Surface Runoff; Grasses; Phosphorus; Biomass; Lagoons; Application Rates; Livestock; Forages; Nutrient Removal; Adsorption; Absorption; Nitrogen; Bermuda; ANW, Atlantic, Bermuda ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Atmospheric Deposition of Pesticides to an Agricultural Watershed of the Chesapeake Bay AN - 19394702; 5864514 AB - The Choptank River watershed, located on the Delmarva Peninsula of the Chesapeake Bay, is dominated by agricultural land use, which makes it vulnerable to runoff and atmospheric deposition of pesticides. Agricultural and wildlife areas are in close proximity and off-site losses of pesticides may contribute to toxic effects on sensitive species of plants and animals. High-volume air samples (n = 31) and event-based rain samples (n = 71) were collected from a single location in the watershed representing regional background conditions. Surface water samples were collected from eight stations in the tidal portion of the river on five occasions during 2000. Chlorothalonil, metolachlor, atrazine, simazine, endosulfan, and chlorpyrifos were frequently detected in the air and rain, with maximal concentrations during the period when local or regional crops were planted. The wet deposition load to the watershed was estimated at 150 plus or minus 16, 61 plus or minus 7, and 51 plus or minus 6 kg yr super(-1) for chlorothalonil, metolachlor, and atrazine, respectively. The high wet deposition load compared with the estimated annual usage for chlorothalonil (13%) and endosulfan (14-90%) suggests an atmospheric source from outside the watershed. Net air-water gas exchange fluxes for metolachlor varied from -44 plus or minus 19 to 9.3 plus or minus 4.1 ng m super(-2) d super(-1) with negative values indicating net deposition. Wet deposition accounted for 3 to 20% of the total metolachlor mass in the Choptank River and was a more important source to the river than gas exchange. Estimates of herbicide flux presented here are probably a low estimate and actual rates may be significantly higher in areas closer to pesticide application. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Kuang, Z AU - McConnell, L L AU - Torrents, A AU - Meritt, D AU - Tobash, S AD - Environmental Quality Laboratory, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, mcconnel@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 1611 EP - 1622 VL - 32 IS - 5 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - chlorothalonil KW - metolachlor KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Water Pollution KW - Water sampling KW - Surface water KW - Rainfall KW - USA, Maryland, Choptank R. KW - Watersheds KW - Atmosphere KW - Agricultural runoff KW - Rivers KW - Atmospheric pollution KW - Catchment Areas KW - Herbicides KW - Precipitation KW - Wet deposition KW - ANW, USA, Chesapeake Bay KW - Land use KW - ANW, USA, Delaware, Delmarva Peninsula KW - Pesticides KW - Atrazine KW - Air-water interactions KW - Environmental quality KW - M2 551.510.42:Air Pollution (551.510.42) KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19394702?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Atmospheric+Deposition+of+Pesticides+to+an+Agricultural+Watershed+of+the+Chesapeake+Bay&rft.au=Kuang%2C+Z%3BMcConnell%2C+L+L%3BTorrents%2C+A%3BMeritt%2C+D%3BTobash%2C+S&rft.aulast=Kuang&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1611&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atmospheric pollution; Environmental quality; Wet deposition; Land use; Rivers; Water sampling; Surface water; Atrazine; Pesticides; Air-water interactions; Herbicides; Watersheds; Agricultural runoff; Agriculture; Water Pollution; Rainfall; Catchment Areas; Precipitation; Atmosphere; ANW, USA, Delaware, Delmarva Peninsula; USA, Maryland, Choptank R.; ANW, USA, Chesapeake Bay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil properties associated with vegetation patches in a Pinus ponderosa-bunchgrass mosaic AN - 19264048; 5830076 AB - Since Euro-American settlement, fire exclusion and other factors have dramatically altered interior western coniferous forests. Once open and parklike, present-day structure in many southwestern Pinus ponderosa forests consists of dense stands of young, small-diameter trees, with small patches of larger, old trees, and relict open bunchgrass areas. Our objectives were to assess differences in soil properties associated with these different vegetation patches. We examined soil morphological characteristics, pH, organic C concentration, total N concentration, C:N ratio, and phytolith concentration from profiles within 6 transects (18 soil pedons) crossing patches of dense stands of small-diameter trees, patches of old-growth trees, and open grassy areas. Results indicate that old-growth plots had significantly lower A horizon pH and thicker O horizons than grass plots. In general, we found vegetation patches had statistically similar C and N concentrations and C:N ratios for A and B horizons; however, C in the A horizon was positively correlated with O horizon accumulation (r super(2) = 0.79). Greater accumulation of organic C in the A horizon of forested areas contrasts with commonly reported results from mesic, mid-continental prairie-forest ecosystems but is typical for many arid, semiarid, and humid savanna ecosystems. Phytolith concentration was similar among old-growth pine, dense younger pine, and open grassy plots; the lack of a spatial pattern in phytolith distribution could indicate that grass cover was more spatially continuous in the past. Additionally, this interpretation is consistent with current theories regarding historical vegetation change in these forests. JF - Western North American Naturalist AU - Kerns, B K AU - Moore, M M AU - Timpson, ME AU - Hart, S C AD - Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 452 EP - 462 VL - 63 IS - 4 SN - 1527-0904, 1527-0904 KW - Ponderosa Pine KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Old growth KW - Vegetation patterns KW - Pinus ponderosa KW - Soil properties KW - Patches KW - D 04600:Soil UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19264048?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Western+North+American+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Soil+properties+associated+with+vegetation+patches+in+a+Pinus+ponderosa-bunchgrass+mosaic&rft.au=Kerns%2C+B+K%3BMoore%2C+M+M%3BTimpson%2C+ME%3BHart%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Kerns&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=452&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Western+North+American+Naturalist&rft.issn=15270904&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus ponderosa; Soil properties; Vegetation patterns; Patches; Old growth ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The susceptibility of ionophore-resistant Clostridium aminophilum F to other antibiotics AN - 19259457; 5829538 AB - To determine if ionophore-resistant ruminal bacteria are cross-resistant to other classes of antibiotics. Clostridium aminophilum was used as a model organism because this Gram-positive ruminal bacterium can adapt to ionophores (monensin and lasalocid). Non-adapted cultures lagged for at least 12 h with 1 mu M monensin or lasalocid, but initiated no growth if the concentration was 10 mu M. Adapted cultures did not lag with 1 mu M monensin or lasalocid, grew well even if the ionophore concentration was 10 mu M and contained cells at least 100 000-fold more resistant than those in non-adapted cultures. Ionophore-adapted and non-adapted cultures were assayed for their susceptibility to other classes of antibiotics (penicillin G, ampicillin, cephalosporin C, vancomycin, carbenicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, streptomycin, linocomycin, rifampicin, trimethoprim, novobiocin, polymyxin B and bacitracin) using a broth microdilution method. Adapted cultures retained their resistance phenotype for at least 28 generations even if ionophore was no longer present. Monensin-adapted cultures were as resistant to lasalocid as those adapted to lasalocid, but lasalocid-adapted cultures lagged with 1 mu M monensin. Monensin- and lasalocid-resistant C. aminophilum F cultures were as susceptible to most antibiotics as non-adapted cultures. The only antibiotic that seemed to have a common mechanism of resistance was bacitracin, and the ionophore-adapted cultures had a 32-fold greater MIC. The use of ionophores in cattle feed and the selection of ionophore-resistant ruminal bacteria does not necessarily lead to other types of antibiotic resistance. JF - Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy AU - Houlihan, A J AU - Russell, J B AD - Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA, jbr8@cornell.edu Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 623 EP - 628 VL - 52 IS - 4 SN - 0305-7453, 0305-7453 KW - novobiocin KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Trimethoprim KW - Antibiotics KW - Lincomycin KW - Bacitracin KW - polymyxin B KW - Streptomycin KW - Tetracyclines KW - Erythromycin KW - Carbenicillin KW - Minimum inhibitory concentration KW - Rifampin KW - Resistance KW - Vancomycin KW - Cephalosporin C KW - Ionophores KW - Clostridium aminophilum KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19259457?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=The+susceptibility+of+ionophore-resistant+Clostridium+aminophilum+F+to+other+antibiotics&rft.au=Houlihan%2C+A+J%3BRussell%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Houlihan&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=623&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=03057453&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Fjac%2Fdkg398 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clostridium aminophilum; Minimum inhibitory concentration; Antibiotic resistance; Carbenicillin; Rifampin; Lincomycin; Trimethoprim; Streptomycin; Erythromycin; Vancomycin; Tetracyclines; Cephalosporin C; polymyxin B; Bacitracin; Ionophores; Antibiotics; Resistance DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkg398 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Douglas-fir beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) infestations on forest overstory and understory conditions in western Wyoming AN - 19255741; 5830082 AB - Douglas-fir beetle (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopk.) infestations frequently result from disturbance events that create large volumes of weakened Douglas-fir trees, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco. Previous research has focused on determining susceptibility of forest stands to Douglas-fir beetle and predicting the amount of tree mortality from Douglas-fir beetle infestations following disturbance events. Little work has been done on consequent changes in the forest overstory and understory. In the early 1990s, populations of Douglas-fir beetle increased in fire-scorched trees, subsequently infesting undamaged neighboring stands in the Rocky Mountains of western Wyoming, USA. In 1999 transect sampling and 25 pairs of previously infested and uninfested plots were used to quantify changes in forest stand conditions and ensuing responses in the understory caused by Douglas-fir beetle infestations. Significant effects of the Douglas-fir beetle infestation comprised 3 general categories: (1) overstory effects: basal area was reduced by 40%-70%, average tree diameter decreased by 8%-40%, and the Douglas-fir component of the overstory decreased by more than 12%; (2) regeneration effects: conifer seedling regeneration increased nearly fourfold in infested plots and 90% of the regeneration was Douglas-fir; (3) understory effects: understory vegetation (forbs, grass, and shrubs) had a threefold increase in infested compared with uninfested plots. In addition, basal area of Douglas-fir killed by the Douglas-fir beetle was significantly correlated with initial Douglas-fir basal area and percentage of Douglas-fir, but not with stand density index, tree diameter, or trees per hectare. Significant inverse relationships also were found between post-infestation basal area and abundance of forbs, grass, and shrubs, and understory height. Thus, we found that Douglas-fir beetle infestations cause significant short-term effects in both the overstory and understory and contribute to an altered mosaic in forest structure. JF - Western North American Naturalist AU - McMillin, J D AU - Allen, K K AD - USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Management, Rapid City, SD 57702, USA Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 498 EP - 506 VL - 63 IS - 4 SN - 1527-0904, 1527-0904 KW - Coleoptera KW - Bark beetles KW - Douglas-fir beetle KW - Douglas-fir KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Wyoming KW - Scolytidae KW - Forests KW - Infestation KW - Dendroctonus pseudotsugae KW - Regeneration KW - Pseudotsuga menziesii KW - Understory KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19255741?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Western+North+American+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Douglas-fir+beetle+%28Coleoptera%3A+Scolytidae%29+infestations+on+forest+overstory+and+understory+conditions+in+western+Wyoming&rft.au=McMillin%2C+J+D%3BAllen%2C+K+K&rft.aulast=McMillin&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=498&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Western+North+American+Naturalist&rft.issn=15270904&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Scolytidae; Dendroctonus pseudotsugae; Pseudotsuga menziesii; USA, Wyoming; Understory; Forests; Infestation; Regeneration ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sources of partial resistance to fusarium root rot in the Pisum core collection AN - 19254629; 5837054 AB - Fusarium root rot, caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi, is one of the most important fungal diseases of pea and is found in most pea-growing areas around the world. Currently, no commercial cultivars are resistant to this pathogen. Availability of new sources of partial resistance could provide another tool for managing Fusarium root rot. In all, 387 accessions from the Pisum core collection were evaluated for resistance to Fusarium root rot in two independent experiments. Nonparametric analysis of variance conducted on ranks of disease severity for each accession indicated that the two experiments corresponded well. Forty-four plant introduction lines with a disease severity rating of 2.5 or less on a 0-to-5 scale (where 5 = completely rotted) were selected as being partially resistant to root rot. Immunity to Fusarium root rot was not found. Comparison of disease resistance data for Aphanomyces root rot and Fusarium root rot showed a weak, but significant and positive correlation. A complete listing of the data for the partial resistance of all accessions tested can be found at the National Plant Germplasm System website, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service. JF - Plant Disease AU - Grunwald, N J AU - Coffman, V A AU - Kraft, J M AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Washington State University-IAREC, Prosser 99350, ngrunwald@pars.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 1197 EP - 1200 VL - 87 IS - 10 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Collection KW - Fusarium KW - Pisum KW - Aphanomyces KW - Cultivars KW - Immunity KW - Correlation KW - Disease resistance KW - Root rot KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19254629?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Sources+of+partial+resistance+to+fusarium+root+rot+in+the+Pisum+core+collection&rft.au=Grunwald%2C+N+J%3BCoffman%2C+V+A%3BKraft%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Grunwald&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium; Pisum; Aphanomyces; Disease resistance; Collection; Cultivars; Correlation; Immunity; Root rot ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification and characterization of isolates of Phytophthora infestans using Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) profiles AN - 19253413; 5837057 AB - The utility of fatty acid profiles for characterization and differentiation of isolates of P. infestans was investigated. Two libraries of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles (one representing average genotype characteristics and one representing individual isolate characteristics) were established from at least eight replicate samples of each of 25 different isolates of P. infestans, including representative isolates of US-1, US-6, US-7, US-8, US-11, US-14, and US-17 genotypes. These libraries then were used to identify and characterize additional unknown isolates. Fatty acid profile characteristics also were compared with cultural and genetic characteristics of the isolates. FAME profiles for isolates of P. infestans were consistent over multiple extractions and distinctly different from profiles for isolates of other Phytophthora species, such as P. capsici and P. erythroseptica, as well as isolates of Pythium spp. and various other fungal groups. Overall, profiles from different isolates within the same genotype shared similar characteristics, although there was overlap among some genotypes. Incubation temperature, growth medium, and prolonged storage on agar media all significantly affected fatty acid profiles; however, when these conditions were kept constant, profiles were distinct, consistent, and reproducible over time. Isolate profiles were sufficiently specific that individual isolates could be distinctly identified by FAME profiles. In general, individual isolate characteristics were more determinant than genotype group characteristics, although genotype could be determined for most isolates tested. Results indicated that FAME profiles can be an additional tool useful for characterizing isolates and populations of P. infestans. JF - Plant Disease AU - Larkin, R P AU - Groves, CL AD - USDA, ARS, New England Plant, Soil, and Water Lab, Orono, ME 4469, larkin@maine.edu Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 1233 EP - 1243 VL - 87 IS - 10 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Fatty acid methyl esters KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Temperature effects KW - Storage KW - Genetics KW - Growth KW - Media KW - Phytophthora infestans KW - Isolates KW - Fatty acids KW - Characterization KW - Identification KW - A 01117:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19253413?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Identification+and+characterization+of+isolates+of+Phytophthora+infestans+using+Fatty+Acid+Methyl+Ester+%28FAME%29+profiles&rft.au=Larkin%2C+R+P%3BGroves%2C+CL&rft.aulast=Larkin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phytophthora infestans; Identification; Fatty acids; Storage; Media; Characterization; Genetics; Isolates; Growth; Temperature effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological and molecular characterization of a novel tobamovirus with a unique host range AN - 19253142; 5836958 AB - Tobamoviruses are among the best characterized and most studied plant viruses. Three subgroups of tobamoviruses correspond to viral genome sequence and host range to include those viruses infecting (i) solanaceous plants, (ii) brassicas, or (iii) cucurbits or legumes. We isolated a virus from Florida landscape plantings of the malvaceous plant hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis) that appears to be a tobamovirus based upon its virion morphology, genome organization, and coat protein sequence. The experimental host range of this virus included five malvaceous species but excluded all tested brassica, cucurbit, and legume species and 12 of the 19 solanaceous species tested. The unique host range and comparison of coat protein gene and protein sequences with those of recognized tobamoviruses indicate that this is a novel tobamovirus. A limited survey revealed that this virus is widespread in hibiscus and related species in the Florida landscape. JF - Plant Disease AU - Adkins, S AU - Kamenova, I AU - Achor, D AU - Lewandowski, D J AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, 2001 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, SAdkins@ushrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 1190 EP - 1196 VL - 87 IS - 10 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Host range KW - USA, Florida KW - Genotyping KW - Phenotyping KW - Taxonomy KW - Coat protein KW - Tobamovirus KW - V 22181:Detection KW - A 01024:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19253142?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Biological+and+molecular+characterization+of+a+novel+tobamovirus+with+a+unique+host+range&rft.au=Adkins%2C+S%3BKamenova%2C+I%3BAchor%2C+D%3BLewandowski%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Adkins&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1190&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tobamovirus; USA, Florida; Phenotyping; Coat protein; Genotyping; Host range; Taxonomy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lethal control of red-winged blackbirds to manage damage to sunflower: An economic evaluation AN - 19244551; 5811301 AB - In the northern Great Plains of the United States, conflicts between red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus) growers have intensified since the late 1960s due to the expanded commercial production of sunflowers. We studied the potential population effects of the removal of up to 2 million red-winged blackbirds annually under a 5-year program of baiting during spring with DRG1339 (3-choloro4-methalalanine)-treated rice. We also examined whether lethal control, in combination with current levels of breeding-habitat management, would be cost-effective in decreasing depredation of sunflower crops during late summer. We evaluated the cost-benefit ratio for 4 culling scenarios involving (1) variable annual culls, not exceeding 2 million birds, with and without density compensation (i.e., a positive density-dependent response) on adult survival; and (2) culls of 2 million birds annually with and without density compensation. We constructed a red-winged blackbird population model represented as an age-based matrix and calibrated to stable growth. We assumed a total population of 27 million birds on 1 April (week 1), representing the red-winged blackbird breeding population staging in eastern South Dakota and migrating into North Dakota. Under each culling scenario, we reduced the stable red-winged blackbird population (equally for females and males) and projected the population through week 23 of the annual cycle (2 Sep). We then evaluated the associated costs of the management relative to potential sunflower crop losses, assuming $0.07 in damage per bird and 4% loss to other factors. Variable annual culls, likely the more biologically realistic model scenarios, yielded mean annual removals of 1,240,560 (SE = 12,328) birds with density compensation and 1,231,620 (SE = 28,811) birds without density compensation, with cost-benefit ratios of 1:2.3 and 1:3.6, respectively. Annual intrinsic rates for the model population over the 5-year period ranged from -1.4 to -4.8%. Considering potential variability in the effectiveness of the cull and the combination of direct and indirect costs, we contend that the realized benefits to sunflower growers by lethal control of red-winged blackbirds via spring baiting, in combination with current nonlethal management efforts, would likely be negligible. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Blackwell, B F AU - Huszar, E AU - Linz, G M AU - Dolbeer, R A AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, National Wildlife Research Center, Ohio Field Station, 6100 Columbus Avenue, Sandusky, OH 44870, USA, bradley.f.blackwell@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 818 EP - 828 PB - Wildlife Society VL - 67 IS - 4 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - Red-winged blackbird KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Wildlife management KW - USA KW - Agelaius phoeniceus KW - Economics KW - Helianthus annuus KW - Pest control KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19244551?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Lethal+control+of+red-winged+blackbirds+to+manage+damage+to+sunflower%3A+An+economic+evaluation&rft.au=Blackwell%2C+B+F%3BHuszar%2C+E%3BLinz%2C+G+M%3BDolbeer%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Blackwell&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=818&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agelaius phoeniceus; Helianthus annuus; USA; Pest control; Economics; Wildlife management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Revegetation in Dead Dicranopteris (Gleicheniaceae) Fern Patches Associated with Hawaiian Rain Forests AN - 19238137; 5801144 AB - Dieback of Dicranopteris linearis (Burm. f.) Underwood on wet, open valley slopes and ridgelines of Maui, O`ahu, and Kaua`i has been attributed to feeding by the introduced leafhopper Sophonia rufofascia Kuoh & Kuoh. We studied early plant succession at a variety of low-elevation D. linearis dieback sites to assess the vulnerability of these disturbances to invasion by nonnative weeds. Dead patches of D. linearis were colonized by both native and alien plant species; the number and assemblage of colonizing plant species was site specific. Clidemia hirta (L.) D. Don and Nephrolepis multiflora (Roxb.) Jarrett ex C. Morton were the most common invasive species colonizing and spreading in dieback patches. Recolonization of dead patches by live D. linearis spreading from the margins was also common. In a simulated fern decomposition study, seedling germination increased as the depth of the thicket decreased. Fern dieback may enhance regeneration of the native tree Acacia koa A. Gray. JF - Pacific Science AU - Follett, P A AU - Anderson-Wong, P AU - Johnson, M T AU - Jones, V P AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 4459, Hilo, Hawai`i 96720, USA, pfollett@pbarc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 347 EP - 357 VL - 57 IS - 4 SN - 0030-8870, 0030-8870 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Clidemia hirta KW - Rain forests KW - Dieback KW - Nephrolepis multiflora KW - Dicranopteris KW - USA, Hawaii KW - Seed germination KW - Succession KW - Introduced species KW - Sophonia rufofascia KW - D 04126:Tropical forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19238137?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pacific+Science&rft.atitle=Revegetation+in+Dead+Dicranopteris+%28Gleicheniaceae%29+Fern+Patches+Associated+with+Hawaiian+Rain+Forests&rft.au=Follett%2C+P+A%3BAnderson-Wong%2C+P%3BJohnson%2C+M+T%3BJones%2C+V+P&rft.aulast=Follett&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=347&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pacific+Science&rft.issn=00308870&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dicranopteris; Sophonia rufofascia; Clidemia hirta; Nephrolepis multiflora; USA, Hawaii; Rain forests; Introduced species; Succession; Dieback; Seed germination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Correlations of Morphological, Anatomical, and Chemical Features of Grape Berries with Resistance to Botrytis cinerea AN - 19229045; 5802631 AB - Resistance of mature berries of grapevine cultivars and selections to postharvest infection by Botrytis cinerea was assessed. Little or no resistance existed in most popular table grape Vitis vinifera cultivars, except in moderately resistant 'Emperor' and 'Autumn Black'. Highly resistant grapes were V. rotundifolia, V. labrusca, or other complex hybrids. Morphological, anatomical, and chemical characteristics of 42 genetically diverse cultivars and selections with various levels of resistance to B. cinerea were examined to determine which features were associated with resistance. We quantified the (i) density of berries within a cluster; (ii) number of pores and lenticels on the berry surface; (iii) thickness and number of cell layers in the epidermis and external hypodermis; (iv) amount of cuticle and wax; (v) berry skin protein content; (vi) total phenolic content of the skin before and after B. cinerea inoculation; and (vii) catechin and trans- and cis-resveratrol contents of the skin before and after inoculation. The number of pores was negatively correlated with resistance. Highly resistant cultivars had few or no pores in the berry surface. The number and thickness of epidermal and hypodermal cell layers and cuticle and wax contents were positively correlated with resistance. Other characteristics evaluated were not associated with resistance. trans-Resveratrol and cis-resveratrol were induced by B. cinerea inoculation only in sensitive and moderately resistant cultivars and selections. JF - Phytopathology AU - Gabler, F M AU - Smilanick, J L AU - Mansour, M AU - Ramming, D W AU - Mackey, B E AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, 9611 South Riverbend Ave., Parlier, CA 93648, USA, jsmilanick@fresno.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 1263 EP - 1273 VL - 93 IS - 10 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - grape KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Vitis rotundifolia KW - Plant diseases KW - Post-harvest decay KW - Vitis vinifera KW - Waxes KW - Vitis labrusca KW - Botrytis cinerea KW - Cuticles KW - Disease resistance KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19229045?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Correlations+of+Morphological%2C+Anatomical%2C+and+Chemical+Features+of+Grape+Berries+with+Resistance+to+Botrytis+cinerea&rft.au=Gabler%2C+F+M%3BSmilanick%2C+J+L%3BMansour%2C+M%3BRamming%2C+D+W%3BMackey%2C+B+E&rft.aulast=Gabler&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Botrytis cinerea; Vitis vinifera; Vitis rotundifolia; Vitis labrusca; Plant diseases; Disease resistance; Post-harvest decay; Cuticles; Waxes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Association between in vitro heterophil function and the feathering gene in commercial broiler chickens AN - 19225405; 5790655 AB - We recently showed that in vitro heterophil functional efficiency in commercial broiler chickens is genetically controlled and may be a sex-associated trait. To further characterize the genetic mechanism(s) of heterophil functional efficiency, we wanted to determine whether the feathering gene, present on the Z sex chromosome, contributes to heterophil functional efficiency. Heterophils from two pairs of broiler lines were evaluated; each pair contained a fast feather (FF) (lines A and X) and a slow feather (SF) line (lines B and Y). On days 1 and 4 post-hatch, heterophils isolated from two sets of pure line broilers (A and B, and X and Y) were evaluated for their ability to (1) phagocytize Salmonella enteritidis, and (2) exhibit bactericidal activity against S. enteritidis. On days 1 and 4 post-hatch, heterophils isolated from the FF lines were statistically (Ph0.02) more proficient at phagocytizing S. enteritidis than heterophils from SF lines. Bactericidal activity was also statistically (ph0.02) greater on day 1 post-hatch in the heterophils isolated from FF lines compared to heterophils isolated from SF lines. These data indicate that the presence of the FF gene locus on the Z sex chromosome contributes to heterophil function and may contribute to the early innate immune competence of a flock. JF - Avian Pathology AU - Swaggerty, CL AU - Pevzner, I Y AU - Ferro, P J AU - Crippen, T L AU - Kogut, M H AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Services, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, 2881 F & B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 483 EP - 488 VL - 32 IS - 5 SN - 0307-9457, 0307-9457 KW - chickens KW - heterophils KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Antibacterial activity KW - Immune response KW - Sex linkage KW - Salmonella enteritidis KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19225405?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Pathology&rft.atitle=Association+between+in+vitro+heterophil+function+and+the+feathering+gene+in+commercial+broiler+chickens&rft.au=Swaggerty%2C+CL%3BPevzner%2C+I+Y%3BFerro%2C+P+J%3BCrippen%2C+T+L%3BKogut%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Swaggerty&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=483&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Pathology&rft.issn=03079457&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Antibacterial activity; Immune response; Sex linkage; Salmonella enteritidis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bacteriophage Treatment of a Severe Escherichia coli Respiratory Infection in Broiler Chickens AN - 19224833; 5775516 AB - A bacteriophage to a serotype 02, nonmotile Escherichia coli was isolated from municipal waste treatment facilities and poultry processing plants. A study was conducted to determine the efficacy of multiple vs. single intramuscular (i.m.) injections of bacteriophage to treat a severe E. coli respiratory infection. The birds were challenged at 7 days of age by injection of 6 x 104 colony-forming units (cfu) of E. coli into the thoracic air sac followed by an i.m. injection into the thigh with either heat-killed or active bacteriophage. There were 16 treatments with three replicate pens of 10 birds. There were four control treatments, which included untreated birds, birds injected with either heat-killed or active bacteriophage, and birds challenged only with E. coli. In the remaining treatments, birds were injected with heat-killed or active bacteriophage either once immediately after E. coli challenge or immediately after challenge and at 8 and 9 days of age, once at 8 days of age or at 8, 9, and 10 days of age, and once at 9 days of age or at 9, 10, and 11 days of age. Mortality was significantly decreased from 57% to 13% in the birds given a single i.m. injection of bacteriophage immediately after E. coli challenge, and there was complete recovery in birds treated immediately after challenge and at 8 and 9 days of age, which was a significant improvement from the single injection treatment. There was a significant reduction in mortality from 57% to 10% in the birds treated with bacteriophage once at 8 days of age and those birds treated at 8, 9, and 10 days of age, with no difference between single or multiple treatments. The mortality in the single or multiple phage treated birds that started at 9 days of age was reduced from 57% to 28% and 27%, respectively, but was not statistically different from the control. These data suggest that bacteriophage can be an effective treatment when administered early in this experimental E. coli respiratory disease and that early multiple treatments are better than a single treatment. The efficacy of bacteriophage treatment diminishes as it is delayed, with no difference between single or multiple treatments. Bacteriophage may provide an effective alternative to antibiotics, but like antibiotic therapy, the effectiveness of phage to rescue animals decreases the longer treatment is delayed in the disease process.Original Abstract: RESUMEN. Tratamiento de una infeccion respiratoria severa ocasionada por Escherichia coli en pollos de engorde mediante el uso de bacteriofagos. A partir de una planta municipal de tratamiento de desperdicios y de una planta de procesamiento de pollos se aislo un bacteriofago especifico para un aislado de Escherichia coli inmovil perteneciente al serotipo 02. Se realizo un estudio para determinar la eficacia de inyecciones multiples o unicas del bacteriofago por via intramuscular para el tratamiento de una infeccion respiratoria severa en pollos de engorde ocasionada por E. coli. Las aves fueron desafiadas a los 7 dias de edad mediante la inyeccion de 6 x 104 unidades formadoras de colonia (UFC) de E. coli directamente a los sacos aereos toraxicos seguido por la inyeccion intramuscular en el muslo de bacteriofagos inactivados por calor o bacteriofago activos. Se efectuaron 16 tratamientos con 3 replicas de 10 aves por caseta, y 4 tratamientos control que incluyeron aves no inoculadas, aves inoculadas con bacteriofagos inactivados o activos y aves solo desafiadas con E. coli. En los grupos restantes las aves fueron tratadas con bacteriofagos inactivados o activos una sola vez, inmediatamente antes del desafio con E. coli, o inmediatamente despues del desafio a los 8 y 9 dias de edad, una vez a los 8 dias de edad o a los 8, 9 y 10 dias de edad y una vez a los 9 dias de edad o a los 9, 10 y 11 dias de edad. La mortalidad observada disminuyo significativamente de un 57% a un 13%, y hubo una recuperacion total en las aves tratadas con una inyeccion unica por via intramuscular del bacteriofago inmediatamente despues del desafio con E. coli a los 8 y 9 dias de edad, lo cual fue una mejoria significativa en comparacion con las aves tratadas con una dosis unica inyectada. Hubo una reduccion significativa de la mortalidad de un 57% a un 10% en las aves tratadas con bacteriofago una sola vez a los 8 dias de edad y en las aves tratadas a los 8, 9 y 10 dias de edad, sin diferencias significativas entre los grupos tratados con inyecciones multiples o unicas. En los grupos de aves tratadas con dosis unicas o multiples de bacteriofago a partir de los 9 dias de edad se presento una disminucion de la mortalidad del 57% al 28% y 27%, respectivamente, pero no se encontro una diferencia estadisticamente significativa cuando se compararon estos grupos con los grupos control. Estos datos sugieren que los bacteriofagos pueden ser un tratamiento efectivo en el tratamiento de enfermedades respiratorias ocasionadas por E. coli en forma experimental, si son administrados temprano, y que los tratamientos multiples tempranos son mejores que un tratamiento unico. La eficacia del tratamiento por bacteriofagos disminuye a medida que avanza la enfermedad, sin que puedan observarse diferencias entre tratamientos unicos o multiples. Los bacteriofagos pueden proporcionar una alternativa efectiva a los tratamientos con antibioticos, pero al igual que los mismos, la efectividad del tratamiento con bacteriofagos para mejorar a las aves disminuye en la medida en que se retrasa su aplicacion durante el curso de la enfermedad. JF - Avian Diseases AU - Huff, W E AU - Huff, G R AU - Rath, N C AU - Balog, J M AU - Donoghue, A M AD - Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Poultry Science Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701 Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 1399 EP - 1405 PB - American Association of Avian Pathologists VL - 47 IS - 4 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - chickens KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Phages KW - Respiratory tract diseases KW - Mortality KW - Escherichia coli KW - Animal models KW - Antibacterial agents KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19224833?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Bacteriophage+Treatment+of+a+Severe+Escherichia+coli+Respiratory+Infection+in+Broiler+Chickens&rft.au=Huff%2C+W+E%3BHuff%2C+G+R%3BRath%2C+N+C%3BBalog%2C+J+M%3BDonoghue%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Huff&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1399&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0005-2086%282003%29047%281399%3ABTOASE%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0005-2086&volume=47&page=1399 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phages; Mortality; Respiratory tract diseases; Animal models; Antibacterial agents; Escherichia coli DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0005-2086(2003)047(1399:BTOASE)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antibacterial Activities of Phenolic Benzaldehydes and Benzoic Acids against Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica AN - 19224164; 5791549 AB - We evaluated the bactericidal activities of 35 benzaldehydes, 34 benzoic acids, and 1 benzoic acid methyl ester against Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica when these compounds were substituted on the benzene ring with 0, 1, 2, or 3 hydroxy (OH) and/or methoxy (OCH sub(3)) groups in a pH 7.0 buffer. Dose-response plots were used to determine the percentage of the sample that induced a 50% decrease in CFU after 60 min (BA sub(50)). Of the 70 compounds tested, 24 were found to be active against all four pathogens, and additional 4, 10, and 12 were found to be active against three, two, and one of the pathogens, respectively. C. jejuni was similar to 100 times as sensitive as the other three pathogens. The 10 compounds that were most active against the four pathogens (with average BA sub(50) values ranging from 0.026 to 0.166) and are candidates for studies of activity in foods or for disinfections were 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzaldehyde, 2,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzaldehyde, 2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde, 2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, 4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, 2,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, and 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde. Comparison of the chemical structures of the test compounds and their activities revealed that (i) the aldehyde (CHO) group was more active than the carboxyl (COOH) group whether or not OH groups were present; (ii) compounds were most active with trisubstituted OH > disubstituted OH > monosubstituted OH; (iii) for disubstituted derivatives, 2-OH enhanced activities were exhibited by benzaldehyde but not by benzoic acid; (iv) compounds were more active with OH than with OCH sub(3), irrespective of the position of substitution on the benzene ring; (v) compounds with mixed OH and OCH sub(3) groups exhibited variable results, i.e., in some cases OCH sub(3) groups enhanced activity and in other cases they did not; (vi) methoxybenzoic acids were largely inactive; and (vii) gallic acid was 20 times as active against S. enterica at pH 7.0 as it was at pH 3.7, suggesting that the ionization of its OH groups may enhance bactericidal activity. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Friedman, M AU - Henika, PR AU - Mandrell, R E AD - Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 1811 EP - 1821 VL - 66 IS - 10 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Inactivation KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Benzoic acid KW - Benzaldehyde KW - Salmonella enterica KW - Campylobacter jejuni KW - Bactericides KW - Escherichia coli KW - Food contamination KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19224164?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Antibacterial+Activities+of+Phenolic+Benzaldehydes+and+Benzoic+Acids+against+Campylobacter+jejuni%2C+Escherichia+coli%2C+Listeria+monocytogenes%2C+and+Salmonella+enterica&rft.au=Friedman%2C+M%3BHenika%2C+PR%3BMandrell%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1811&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Campylobacter jejuni; Escherichia coli; Listeria monocytogenes; Salmonella enterica; Bactericides; Food contamination; Inactivation; Benzoic acid; Benzaldehyde ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recovery of Surface Bacteria from and Surface Sanitization of Cantaloupes AN - 19224131; 5791548 AB - Practical, effective methods that could be implemented in a food service establishment (restaurant or delicatessen) for the surface sanitization of cantaloupes were microbiologically evaluated. Cantaloupes (Cucumis melo L. var. reticulates) were immersed in an inoculum containing Salmonella enterica serovar Poona or Pantoea agglomerans at ca. 10 super(4) to 10 super(5) CFU/ml. An efficient method for the recovery of bacteria from the cantaloupe surface was developed and validated. The method consisted of washing the entire melon with Butterfield's buffer containing 1% Tween 80 in a plastic bag placed inside a plastic pail affixed to an orbital shaker. Levels of S. enterica Poona recovered by washing the entire melon were significantly higher than those recovered by the more common laboratory method of blending the rind. P. agglomerans can be used as a nonpathogenic proxy for S. enterica Poona. A three-compartment surface sanitization method consisting of washing with an antimicrobial soap solution, scrubbing with a brush in tap water, and immersion in 150 ppm of sodium hypochlorite reduced the initial level of recoverable viable bacteria by 99.8%. When examined separately, scrubbing with a vegetable brush in tap water, washing with soap, and dipping in chlorine were found to reduce the bacterial load by 70, 80, and 90%, respectively. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Barak, J D AU - Chue, B AU - Mills, D C AD - Produce Safety and Microbiology, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 1805 EP - 1810 VL - 66 IS - 10 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - sodium hypochlorite KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Fruits KW - Cucumis melo KW - Sanitation KW - Salmonella enterica KW - Inoculation KW - Washing KW - Soaps KW - Antimicrobial agents KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19224131?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Recovery+of+Surface+Bacteria+from+and+Surface+Sanitization+of+Cantaloupes&rft.au=Barak%2C+J+D%3BChue%2C+B%3BMills%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Barak&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1805&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella enterica; Cucumis melo; Fruits; Inoculation; Washing; Antimicrobial agents; Soaps; Sanitation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cecal Colonization of Chicks by Bovine-Derived Strains of Campylobacter AN - 19222367; 5775520 AB - SUMMARY. Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli strains were isolated from feces of dairy cattle at farms with no known problem due to campylobacteria. Farms were located in the northeast, desert southwest, and Pacific west. Twenty isolates were identified by ribotyping with a RiboPrinter. registered The ability of these bovine isolates to colonize the ceca of chicks was determined by challenge inoculation and reisolation of the challenge strain from the ceca at 1 and 2 wk after challenge. Isolates recovered from chick ceca were examined by ribotyping to assure they matched the challenge strain. One hundred percent of the bovine-derived challenge strains were capable of colonizing chicks. These results indicate that dairy cattle may be asymptomatic Campylobacter carriers and potential sources of campylobacteria contamination of poultry facilities.Original Abstract: RESUMEN. Nota de Invesigacion -Colonizacion cecal de los pollitos con cepas de Campylobacter de origen bovino. capital sigma e aislaron cepas de Campylobacter jejuni y Campylobacter coli a partir de heces de ganado lechero en granjas donde no existian problemas de Campylobacteriosis. Las granjas estaban localizadas en las regiones del nordeste, sureste y Pacifica de Estados Unidos. Se identificaron 20 aislados mediante la ribotipificacion con un RiboPrinter. registered La capacidad de estos aislados de origen bovino para colonizar el ciego fue determinada mediante la inoculacion y el aislamiento de la cepa de desafio a partir del ciego de pollitos 1 y 2 semanas despues del desafio. Los aislados obtenidos de los ciegos de pollitos fueron examinados mediante la ribotipificacion con el objeto de compararlos con las cepas inoculadas. El 100% de los aislados de origen bovino colonizo los pollitos. Estos resultados indican que el ganado lechero puede ser portador asintomatico de Campylobacter y pueden ser fuentes potenciales de contaminacion para las instalaciones avicolas. double prime bbreviations: CFU = colony-forming units JF - Avian Diseases AU - Ziprin, R L AU - Sheffield, CL AU - Hume, ME AU - Drinnon, DLJ AU - Harvey, R B AD - Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 2881 F & B Road, College Station, TX 77845 Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 1429 EP - 1433 PB - American Association of Avian Pathologists VL - 47 IS - 4 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - cattle KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Colonization KW - Campylobacter jejuni KW - Cecum KW - Campylobacter coli KW - Feces KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19222367?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Cecal+Colonization+of+Chicks+by+Bovine-Derived+Strains+of+Campylobacter&rft.au=Ziprin%2C+R+L%3BSheffield%2C+CL%3BHume%2C+ME%3BDrinnon%2C+DLJ%3BHarvey%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Ziprin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1429&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0005-2086%282003%29047%281429%3ACCOCBB%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0005-2086&volume=47&page=1429 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Campylobacter jejuni; Campylobacter coli; Colonization; Cecum; Feces DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0005-2086(2003)047(1429:CCOCBB)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Expression of Lysostaphin in Milk of Transgenic Mice Affects the Growth of Neonates AN - 19218672; 5780898 AB - As an initial step towards enhancing mastitis resistance in dairy animals, we generated BLG-Lys transgenic mice that secrete lysostaphin, a potent antistaphylococcal protein, in their milk. In the current study, we continue our assessment of lysostaphin as a suitable antimicrobial protein for mastitis resistance and have investigated mammary gland development and function in three lines of transgenic mice. As the lines were propagated, there was a tendency for fewer BLG-Lys litters to survive to weaning (51% as compared to 90% for nontransgenic lines, p = 0.080). Nontransgenic pups fostered on dams from these three lines exhibited diminished growth rates during the first week of lactation. Rates of gain became comparable to pups on nontransgenic dams at later time points. Initial slow growth also resulted in decreased weaning weights for pups nursed by transgenic dams (15.35 plus or minus 0.27 g) when compared to pups delivered and nursed by nontransgenic dams (18.61 plus or minus 0.61 g; p < 0.001), but the effect was temporary, as similar weights were attained by adulthood. Milk yield at peak lactation was not different between BLG-Lys (0.79 plus or minus 0.33 g) and nontransgenic (0.91 plus or minus 0.38 g; p = 0.166) dams. Histological examination of the transgenic mammary glands during gestation revealed no differences when compared to control glands; however, at early lactational stages, the BLG-Lys glands exhibited less alveolar area than control glands and a delay in lobulo-alveolar maturation. The results clearly demonstrate reduced growth of neonates on BLG-Lys dams; whether the poor pup performance can be attributed to delayed mammary development or the gland development merely reflects reduced suckling stimuli from the pups remains to be determined. JF - Transgenic Research AU - Mitra, A AU - Hruska, K S AU - Wellnitz, O AU - Kerr, DE AU - Capuco, A V AU - Wall, R J AD - Gene Evaluation and Mapping Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA, bobwall@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 597 EP - 605 VL - 12 IS - 5 SN - 0962-8819, 0962-8819 KW - mice KW - antistaphylococcal proteins KW - lysostaphin KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Growth rate KW - Transgenic animals KW - Mammary gland KW - Weaning KW - Neonates KW - Transgenic mice KW - Mastitis KW - W3 33056:Animal models of human disease KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19218672?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transgenic+Research&rft.atitle=Expression+of+Lysostaphin+in+Milk+of+Transgenic+Mice+Affects+the+Growth+of+Neonates&rft.au=Mitra%2C+A%3BHruska%2C+K+S%3BWellnitz%2C+O%3BKerr%2C+DE%3BCapuco%2C+A+V%3BWall%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Mitra&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=597&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transgenic+Research&rft.issn=09628819&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1025887101420 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Transgenic mice; Transgenic animals; Neonates; Growth rate; Weaning; Mastitis; Mammary gland DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1025887101420 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biotechnological production and applications of pullulan AN - 19197496; 5768778 AB - Pullulan is a unique biopolymer with many useful traits and hundreds of patented applications. However, despite the fact that pullulan has been in commercial production for more than 25 years, few of these potential uses have been widely adopted. In large part this may be due to the relatively high price of pullulan. Nevertheless, the last few years have seen a resurgence in interest in pullulan, particularly for higher-value health and pharmaceutical applications. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Leathers, T D AD - Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1815 N. University St., IL 61604, Peoria, USA, leathetd@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 468 EP - 473 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 62 IS - 5-6 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - pullulan KW - Reviews KW - Biopolymers KW - Pharmaceuticals KW - Carbohydrates KW - W2 32350:Carbohydrates KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19197496?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Biotechnological+production+and+applications+of+pullulan&rft.au=Leathers%2C+T+D&rft.aulast=Leathers&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=5-6&rft.spage=468&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00253-003-1386-4 L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00253/bibs/30625-6/30620468.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pullulan; Biopolymers; Pharmaceuticals; Carbohydrates; Reviews DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-003-1386-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antigen-Specific Lymphocyte Proliferation and Interleukin Production in Chickens Immunized with Killed Salmonella enteritidis Vaccine or Experimental Subunit Vaccines AN - 19192878; 5775507 AB - SUMMARY. Lymphocyte proliferation and interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-6 levels in serum were measured as indicators of cell-mediated immunity after immunization of chickens with a commercial killed Salmonella enteritidis (SE) vaccine or experimental subunit vaccines of crude protein (CP) extract or the outer membrane protein (OMP). Significantly increased proliferative responses to SE flagella, but not lipopolysaccharide, porin, CP, or OMP, were observed at 1 wk postimmunization in the three vaccination groups. The responses to flagella were specific because flagella-induced proliferation was not seen in chickens immunized with adjuvant alone. Of the three immunization protocols, use of the killed SE vaccine appeared most effective because it induced higher flagella-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation at 1 and 2 wk postvaccination compared with the CP- and OMP-vaccinated groups. Significantly increased IL-2 and IL-6 levels in serum were seen at 1 wk postimmunization in the three vaccination groups compared with adjuvant alone, but there were no differences between the killed vaccine and the subunit vaccines at this time, and the levels of both lymphokines returned to baseline at 2 wk postimmunization. We conclude that cell-mediated immunity to SE after vaccination with the killed bacterial vaccine or subunit vaccines is transient and mainly limited to flagella.Original Abstract: RESUMEN. Proliferacion linfocitica especifica del antigeno y produccion de interleucina en aves inmunizadas con una vacuna inactivada de Salmonella enteritidis o con vacunas experimentales de subunidades de Salmonella enteritidis. Lambda a proliferacion linfocitica y los niveles de interleucina 2 e interleucina 6 en el suero fueron determinados y empleados como indicadores de la inmunidad celular despues de la inmunizacion de aves con una vacuna comercial inactivada contra Salmonella enteritidis o con vacunas experimentales de subunidades de extractos de proteina cruda o de la proteina de la membrana externa. Se observo un incremento significativo en la respuesta proliferativa a la proteina flagelar de la S. enteritidis, mas no al lipopolisacarido, porina, proteina cruda o a la proteina de la membrana externa en los tres grupos vacunados una semana despues de la inmunizacion. La respuesta observada fue especifica a la proteina flagelar ya que no se observo proliferacion linfocitica en aves inmunizadas unicamente con el adyuvante. De los tres protocolos de inmunizacion, el uso de la vacuna inactivada contra la S. enteritidis parecio ser el mas efectivo ya que indujo una mayor proliferacion linfocitica estimulada por la proteina flagelar una y dos semanas despues de la inmunizacion al ser comparada con los grupos vacunados con el extracto de proteina cruda o con la proteina de la membrana externa. Se observo un incremento significativo en los niveles de interleucina 2 e interleucina 6 en el suero en los tres grupos vacunados una semana despues de la inmunizacion al ser comparado con el grupo en el cual se empleo unicamente el adyuvante. Sin embargo, no se observaron diferencias entre la vacuna inactivada y las vacunas de subunidades de S. enteritidis durante este tiempo mientras que los niveles de ambas linfocinas retornaron a sus niveles normales dos semanas despues de la inmunizacion. Se concluye que la inmunidad celular contra S. enteritidis despues de la vacunacion con la vacuna inactivada o con vacunas de subunidades es pasajera y se encuentra limitada principalmente a la proteina flagelar. double prime bbreviations: Con A = concanavalin A; CP = crude protein; ELISA = enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; HBSS = Hanks balanced salt solution; IFA = incomplete Freund adjuvant; IL = interleukin; LPS = lipopolysaccharide; OMP = outer membrane protein; PBS = phosphate-buffered saline; RPMI-10 = RPMI 1640 containing 10% fetal calf serum and antibiotics; SE = Salmonella enteritidis JF - Avian Diseases AU - Okamura, M AU - Lillehoj, H S AU - Raybourne, R B AU - Babu, U AU - Heckert, R AD - Parasite Biology, Epidemiology, and Systematics Laboratory, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 1331 EP - 1338 PB - American Association of Avian Pathologists VL - 47 IS - 4 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - chickens KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Interleukin 6 KW - Animals KW - Interleukin 2 KW - Cytokines KW - Immune response KW - Lymphocytes KW - Immunization KW - Salmonella enteritidis KW - Flagella KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19192878?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Antigen-Specific+Lymphocyte+Proliferation+and+Interleukin+Production+in+Chickens+Immunized+with+Killed+Salmonella+enteritidis+Vaccine+or+Experimental+Subunit+Vaccines&rft.au=Okamura%2C+M%3BLillehoj%2C+H+S%3BRaybourne%2C+R+B%3BBabu%2C+U%3BHeckert%2C+R&rft.aulast=Okamura&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1331&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0005-2086%282003%29047%281331%3AALPAIP%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0005-2086&volume=47&page=1331 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella enteritidis; Immunization; Lymphocytes; Cytokines; Immune response; Interleukin 2; Interleukin 6; Flagella; Animals DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0005-2086(2003)047(1331:ALPAIP)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of Three Formulations of Beauveria bassiana for Control of Lesser Mealworm and Hide Beetle in Georgia Poultry Houses AN - 19190400; 5755942 AB - Initial screening of 12 Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin isolates against larvae of the lesser mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus [Panzer]) resulted in the selection of two isolates, GHA and 707, for further testing under field conditions. Three formulations of each strain were prepared: an EC, a ground corn granular formulation, and waste product of fungal propagation containing spent media, mycelia, and unharvested conidia ('residue' formulation). Two field trials were conducted in commercial caged-layer houses in Georgia with 5-6 mo of manure accumulation and established populations of A. diaperinus and hide beetles (Dermestes maculatus DeGeer). In the first trial field, B. bassiana was applied a single time to the manure surface at either 109 (EC and granular cornmeal bait formulations) or 108 (residue formulation) fungal spores per square meter. In the second trial, two successive weekly treatments were applied, using a total of 6X the rate of application used in the first trial, Significant treatment effects were short-lived and only detected 2 wk after treatment in both trials. The granular formulations of both strains and the residue formulation of the GHA strain provided the greatest degree of suppression (60-90%) of beetle larvae. A laboratory bioassay confirmed that the granular bait was the most effective formulation. More frequent applications made earlier in the manure accumulation cycle may be necessary to achieve satisfactory control of these beetles. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Geden, C J AU - Steinkraus, D C Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 1602 EP - 1607 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 96 IS - 5 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Coleoptera KW - Darkling beetles KW - Hide beetle KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Poultry KW - Beauveria bassiana KW - Alphitobius diaperinus KW - Pest control KW - USA, Georgia KW - Dermestes maculatus KW - Tenebrionidae KW - Pathogenicity KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19190400?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+Three+Formulations+of+Beauveria+bassiana+for+Control+of+Lesser+Mealworm+and+Hide+Beetle+in+Georgia+Poultry+Houses&rft.au=Geden%2C+C+J%3BSteinkraus%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Geden&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1602&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-0493%282003%29096%281602%3AEOTFOB%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0022-0493&volume=96&page=1602 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alphitobius diaperinus; Beauveria bassiana; Tenebrionidae; Dermestes maculatus; USA, Georgia; Poultry; Pathogenicity; Pest control DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-0493(2003)096(1602:EOTFOB)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Micropropagation of Chinese redbud (Cercis yunnanensis) through axillary bud breaking and induction of adventitious shoots from leaf pieces AN - 19161309; 5761248 AB - Factors affecting in vitro shoot production and regeneration of Cercis yunnanensis Hu et Cheng were investigated by comparing various growth regulators and explant types. For optimum shoot production from axillary buds, Murashige and Skoog (MS) media containing 6-benzyladenine, either alone or in combination with a low concentration of thidiazuron, resulted in the greatest number of shoots formed per explant (> 3). Explants (2 mm long) containing one axillary bud placed in direct contact with the medium yielded the most shoots per bud (1.6) when grown on growth regulator-free medium. Root formation on 70-80% of shoot explants was accomplished using either indole-3-butyric acid or alpha -naphthaleneacetic acid in the medium, with significantly more roots formed on explants possessing an apical bud than those without the bud. Direct shoot organogenesis from leaf explants occurred on MS medium containing 10-30 mu M thidiazuron, with up to 42% of leaf explants producing shoots. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant AU - Cheong, Eunju AU - Pooler, M R AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National Arboretum, Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, 3501 New York Ave., NE, Washington, DC 20002, USA, poolerm@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 455 EP - 458 VL - 39 IS - 5 SN - 1054-5476, 1054-5476 KW - 6-benzyladenine KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Shoots KW - naphthaleneacetic acid KW - Cercis yunnanensis KW - micropropagation KW - Leaves KW - Roots KW - indolebutyric acid KW - thidiazuron KW - Media (culture) KW - W2 32440:Plant breeding KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 320:Cell Culture & Batch Fermentation KW - W2 32220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19161309?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.atitle=Micropropagation+of+Chinese+redbud+%28Cercis+yunnanensis%29+through+axillary+bud+breaking+and+induction+of+adventitious+shoots+from+leaf+pieces&rft.au=Cheong%2C+Eunju%3BPooler%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Cheong&rft.aufirst=Eunju&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=455&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.issn=10545476&rft_id=info:doi/10.1079%2FIVP2003446 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cercis yunnanensis; Shoots; Leaves; micropropagation; naphthaleneacetic acid; Media (culture); thidiazuron; Roots; indolebutyric acid DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/IVP2003446 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Correcting Land Surface Model Predictions for the Impact of Temporally Sparse Rainfall Rate Measurements Using an Ensemble Kalman Filter and Surface Brightness Temperature Observations AN - 19152346; 5756503 AB - Current attempts to measure short-term (50%) of model error in root-zone (40 cm) soil moisture and latent heat flux predictions associated with the use of temporally sparse rainfall measurements as forcing data. Comparable gains in accuracy are demonstrated when actual T B measurements made during the SGP97 experiment are assimilated. JF - Journal of Hydrometeorology AU - Crow, W T AD - Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, USDA/ARS, RM 104, Building 007, BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, wcrow@hydrolab.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - October 2003 SP - 960 EP - 973 PB - American Meteorological Society VL - 4 IS - 5 SN - 1525-755X, 1525-755X KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Rainfall data processing KW - Kalman Filters KW - Moisture KW - Rainfall KW - Kalman filter KW - Data assimilation KW - Latent Heat KW - Hydrometeorology KW - Rainfall Rate KW - USA KW - Hydrologic Models KW - Satellite rainfall intensity estimation KW - USA, Great Plains KW - Brightness temperatures KW - Climatological calculations KW - Monitoring KW - Land-atmosphere interaction KW - Soil moisture forecasting KW - Accumulation KW - M2 551.509.333.22:Data assimilation (551.509.333.22) KW - M2 551.581.1:Theoretical climatology. Climatic models. Solar climate (551.581.1) KW - SW 0815:Precipitation KW - M2 551.501.777:Methods of observation and computation of precipitation (551.501.777) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19152346?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrometeorology&rft.atitle=Correcting+Land+Surface+Model+Predictions+for+the+Impact+of+Temporally+Sparse+Rainfall+Rate+Measurements+Using+an+Ensemble+Kalman+Filter+and+Surface+Brightness+Temperature+Observations&rft.au=Crow%2C+W+T&rft.aulast=Crow&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=960&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrometeorology&rft.issn=1525755X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F1525-7541%282003%29004%280960%3ACLSMPF%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rainfall data processing; Satellite rainfall intensity estimation; Brightness temperatures; Kalman filter; Climatological calculations; Soil moisture forecasting; Land-atmosphere interaction; Data assimilation; Hydrometeorology; Rainfall Rate; Moisture; Kalman Filters; Hydrologic Models; Rainfall; Monitoring; Accumulation; Latent Heat; USA; USA, Great Plains DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1525-7541(2003)004(0960:CLSMPF)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid 2,2'-bicinchoninic-based xylanase assay compatible with high throughput screening AN - 18954219; 5746894 AB - High-throughput screening requires simple assays that give reliable quantitative results. A microplate assay was developed for reducing sugar analysis that uses a 2,2'-bicinchoninic-based protein reagent. Endo-1,4- beta -D-xylanase activity against oat spelt xylan was detected at activities of 0.002 to 0.011 IU ml super(-1). The assay is linear for sugar concentrations from 0 to 86 mu g ml super(-1) and can also be used to assay protein concentrations (0 to 143 mu g ml super(-1)) on the same plate. A variety of temperatures and pH conditions can be used and, after incubation, the assay requires only one detection reagent and one heating step. JF - Biotechnology Letters AU - Kenealy, W R AU - Jeffries, T W AD - Institute for Microbial and Biochemical Technology, USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI 53726-2398, USA, bkenealy@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/10/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Oct 01 SP - 1619 EP - 1623 VL - 25 IS - 19 SN - 0141-5492, 0141-5492 KW - high-throughput screening KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Endo-1,4-^b-xylanase KW - pH effects KW - W2 32250:Others KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18954219?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.atitle=Rapid+2%2C2%27-bicinchoninic-based+xylanase+assay+compatible+with+high+throughput+screening&rft.au=Kenealy%2C+W+R%3BJeffries%2C+T+W&rft.aulast=Kenealy&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=19&rft.spage=1619&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.issn=01415492&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Endo-1,4-^b-xylanase; Temperature effects; pH effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Model To Estimate the Optimal Sample Size for Microbiological Surveys AN - 18941401; 5728862 AB - Estimating optimal sample size for microbiological surveys is a challenge for laboratory managers. When insufficient sampling is conducted, biased inferences are likely; however, when excessive sampling is conducted valuable laboratory resources are wasted. This report presents a statistical model for the estimation of the sample size appropriate for the accurate identification of the bacterial subtypes of interest in a specimen. This applied model for microbiology laboratory use is based on a Bayesian mode of inference, which combines two inputs: (ii) a prespecified estimate, or prior distribution statement, based on available scientific knowledge and (ii) observed data. The specific inputs for the model are a prior distribution statement of the number of strains per specimen provided by an informed microbiologist and data from a microbiological survey indicating the number of strains per specimen. The model output is an updated probability distribution of strains per specimen, which can be used to estimate the probability of observing all strains present according to the number of colonies that are sampled. In this report two scenarios that illustrate the use of the model to estimate bacterial colony sample size requirements are presented. In the first scenario, bacterial colony sample size is estimated to correctly identify Campylobacter amplified restriction fragment length polymorphism types on broiler carcasses. The second scenario estimates bacterial colony sample size to correctly identify Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis phage types in fecal drag swabs from egg-laying poultry flocks. An advantage of the model is that as updated inputs from ongoing surveys are incorporated into the model, increasingly precise sample size estimates are likely to be made. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Altekruse, S F AU - Elvinger, F AU - Wang, Y AU - Ye, K AD - Office of Policy, Program Development, and Evaluation, Food Safety Inspection Service, 300 12th St., S.W., Rm. 402, Washington, DC 20250-3700, sean.altekruse@fsis.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 6174 EP - 6178 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 69 IS - 10 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts KW - Poultry KW - Subtypes KW - Campylobacter KW - Identification KW - Random amplified polymorphic DNA KW - Eggs KW - Models KW - Colonies KW - Carcasses KW - Salmonella enterica KW - Distribution KW - Population levels KW - Sampling KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18941401?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=A+Model+To+Estimate+the+Optimal+Sample+Size+for+Microbiological+Surveys&rft.au=Altekruse%2C+S+F%3BElvinger%2C+F%3BWang%2C+Y%3BYe%2C+K&rft.aulast=Altekruse&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=6174&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.69.10.6174-6178.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Campylobacter; Salmonella enterica; Models; Sampling; Carcasses; Population levels; Random amplified polymorphic DNA; Identification; Subtypes; Colonies; Distribution; Eggs; Poultry DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.10.6174-6178.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Nosema Disease on Fitness of the Parasitoid Tachinaephagus Zealandicus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) AN - 18894555; 5756144 AB - The effects of an undetermined species of Nosema on fitness of the muscoid fly parasitoid Tachinaephagus zealandicus were examined in the laboratory. Infected female parasitoids that were given honey and water lived about one-half as long as uninfected parasitoids under these feeding conditions. Effects of infection on longevity were strongest at 30 degree C; infected and uninfected females lived 2.8 and 8.7 d, respectively. Infected and uninfected parasitoids that were given only water had similar longevities, but water-only-fed parasitoids had much shorter lifespans than honey-fed parasitoids at all temperatures. Infection did not result in significant lengthening of development times of immature stages, with male and female parasitoids completing development from egg to adult in approximately 23, 33, and 60 d at 25, 20, and 15 degree C, respectively. Overall emergence of uninfected parasitoid adults was 16 times greater than infected parasitoids at 15 degree C. Emergence of uninfected parasitoids was 11 and 3 times greater than infected parasitoids at 20 and 25 degree C, respectively, and sex ratios of emerged adults were significantly more male-biased in infected parasitoids at these temperatures than among uninfected parasitoids. Dissections of uneclosed puparia revealed that many infected parasitoids completed development to the adult stage but did not successfully emerge from host puparia. Infected and uninfected females killed similar numbers of hosts (70-75 house fly or Sarcophaga bullata larvae killed per group of five females in 24 h). Uninfected females parasitized significantly more house fly larvae (59.7) and produced more than twice as many adult progeny (311.1) as infected females (34.1 hosts parasitized, 138.3 progeny produced). Infected females parasitized about as many S. bullata hosts as uninfected females and produced slightly fewer adult progeny (588.2 and 460.1 progeny per group of five uninfected and infected females, respectively). In tests with individual females given house fly hosts daily throughout life, uninfected and infected parasitoids had similar longevities (3.9 and 3.7 d, respectively), but uninfected parasitoids produced 2-5 times as many adult progeny. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Geden, C J AU - de Almeida, MAF AU - Prado, do Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 1139 EP - 1145 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 32 IS - 5 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Encyrtid wasps KW - Encyrtids KW - Hymenoptera KW - puparia KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects KW - K 03088:Fungi: animal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18894555?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Nosema+Disease+on+Fitness+of+the+Parasitoid+Tachinaephagus+Zealandicus+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Encyrtidae%29&rft.au=Geden%2C+C+J%3Bde+Almeida%2C+MAF%3BPrado%2C+do&rft.aulast=Geden&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282003%29032%281139%3AEONDOF%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0046-225X&volume=32&page=1139 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2003)032(1139:EONDOF)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation and concentration of Salmonellae with an immunoaffinity column AN - 18891045; 5753329 AB - A method for rapidly and selectively isolating Salmonellae from buffer solutions and concentrating the bacteria by a factor of similar to 500 was developed. Anti-Salmonellae antibody was covalently linked to 40 mu m polyacrylamide beads to prepare a solid phase with affinity for the bacteria. The beads were packed into 1-mm diameter glass tubes to form a column 20 mu l in volume. Buffer containing Salmonellae at concentrations ranging from 10 super(2) to 10 super(6) /ml was pumped through the column to trap and concentrate the bacteria. At a flow rate of 50 mu l/min, more than 95% of the bacteria introduced to the column were captured, while at 800 mu l /min capture dropped to 32%. Specificity was high, with no detectable capture of Escherichia coli at a concentration of 10 super(5)/ml. Capture of more than 90% of Salmonellae in a 5-ml sample was achieved in 40 min by re-circulating the sample through the column at a flow rate of 500 mu l/. JF - Journal of Microbiological Methods AU - Brewster, J D AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Philadelphia, PA 19038, USA, jbrewster@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 287 EP - 293 VL - 55 IS - 1 SN - 0167-7012, 0167-7012 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02702:Transport, isolation, selection and enrichment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18891045?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Microbiological+Methods&rft.atitle=Isolation+and+concentration+of+Salmonellae+with+an+immunoaffinity+column&rft.au=Brewster%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Brewster&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Microbiological+Methods&rft.issn=01677012&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0167-7012%2803%2900163-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-7012(03)00163-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of Reproductive Diapause in the Adaption of the Tarnished Plant Bug (Heteroptera: Miridae) to Its Winter Habitat in the Mississippi River Delta AN - 18891036; 5756164 AB - Reproductive diapause in the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), was studied by dissection of field collected adults or adults reared from field collected nymphs in 1999-2001 in Washington County near Stoneville, MS. The critical photoperiod for diapause induction was 12.5:11.5 (L:D) h, or approximately 12 September. This photoperiod was also near the day-length at which new generation adults produced in late winter and early spring became reproductive. Overwintering adults collected from winter host plants in December 1999 and 2001 began breaking diapause in the second and third weeks of December at a day-length near 10:14 (L:D) h. Most of the overwintering females collected on winter host plants had mature eggs by the end of December in both winters, and new generation adults were produced on winter hosts by the second or third week in March. Overwintering adults also were collected in January 2002 from plant debris not associated with any winter host plant. Most of the females overwintering in plant debris had mature eggs at the end of January, approximately 1 month later than overwintering females collected from winter hosts. This indicated than the adults from plant debris were in a different state of diapause, because they did not overwinter on a food source and matured reproductively at a later date. The winters of 1998-1999 and 1999-2000 were mild, whereas in the winter of 2000-2001, winter host plants were killed or stunted by cold weather. Diapause in plant debris in the winter of 2000-2001 was probably favored, because these adults would be more likely to survive until suitable host plants were available. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Snodgrass, G L AD - Southern Insect Management Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 945 EP - 952 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 32 IS - 5 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Heteroptera KW - Plant Bugs KW - Tarnished plant bug KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18891036?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Role+of+Reproductive+Diapause+in+the+Adaption+of+the+Tarnished+Plant+Bug+%28Heteroptera%3A+Miridae%29+to+Its+Winter+Habitat+in+the+Mississippi+River+Delta&rft.au=Snodgrass%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Snodgrass&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=945&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282003%29032%280945%3ARORDIT%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0046-225X&volume=32&page=945 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2003)032(0945:RORDIT)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A distributed delay routine-based simulation model of Beauveria bassiana conidial stability in response to environmental stressors AN - 18889672; 5751019 AB - Using published data and equations on the relationship between spore longevity of the entomopathogenic hyphomycetes, Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum and Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Deuteromycota: Hyphomycetes) and temperature and moisture content, a model of spore viability was constructed based on a distributed-delay routine. The model is modified via average spore survival time or by including an additional attrition (mortality) rate. The model was parameterized using published values from studies on M. a. var. acridum spores, and output compared favorably with germination data and with a previously-developed model. After initializing the model using parameter estimates of B. bassiana spores from the laboratory and published data on changes in (1) spore viability with respect to temperature and moisture content, and (2) spore moisture content with respect to temperature and relative humidity, the model was run using daily min/max temperature and relative humidity data and compared with data from four field experiments of Mycotech B. bassiana isolate GHA sprayed on canteloupe plants. For two of the experiments, observed viability trends were compared to model outputs using weather data from both a weather station and from within-canopy temperature and humidity probes. Output using weather station data fit observations much better than output using within-canopy probe data. For the two remaining sets of field data, both earlier in the season, only weather station data were available and the resulting output fit observations poorly. An attrition rate of 98% was needed to fit output to field data early in the growing season, and a rate of 74% was needed for data collected four weeks later. These attrition rates can be considered estimates for the proportion of spores dying for reasons other than temperature and relative humidity, and they were attributed largely to UVB radiation due to the more open canopy earlier in the season. JF - BioControl AU - Meikle, W G AU - Jaronski, ST AU - Mercadier, G AU - Quimby, P C AD - European Biological Control Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Campus International de Baillarguet, CS 90013 Montferrier sur Lez, 34988 St. Gely du Fesc Cedex, France Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 561 EP - 578 VL - 48 IS - 5 SN - 1386-6141, 1386-6141 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - A 01030:General KW - K 03088:Fungi: animal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18889672?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BioControl&rft.atitle=A+distributed+delay+routine-based+simulation+model+of+Beauveria+bassiana+conidial+stability+in+response+to+environmental+stressors&rft.au=Meikle%2C+W+G%3BJaronski%2C+ST%3BMercadier%2C+G%3BQuimby%2C+P+C&rft.aulast=Meikle&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=561&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=BioControl&rft.issn=13866141&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella spp. isolates from US cattle in feedlots in 1999 and 2000 AN - 18876366; 5730197 AB - Faecal samples from cattle in US feedlots were evaluated for the presence of Salmonella. When Salmonella isolates were recovered the antimicrobial resistance patterns were determined. Faecal samples were collected from pen floors in 73 feedlots in 12 states during the period from October 1999 to September 2000. Pens of cattle selected for sampling were those that had been in the feedlot for the shortest period of time, the longest period of time and a randomly selected pen from the remaining pens. Faecal samples were cultured for Salmonella spp. and all Salmonella isolates were categorized by serotype. The susceptibilities of all isolates were determined using a panel of 17 antimicrobials. Overall, 6.3% (654/10 417) of the samples cultured positive for Salmonella spp. and 22.2% (94/422) of pens and 50.7% (37/73) of feedlots had one or more positive samples. There was little difference in the proportion of positive samples from short-fed (6.1%, 212/3482), random (6.4%, 217/3400) and long-fed (6.4%, 224 /3485) pens of cattle. One of two pens of cattle that could not be attributed to a pen type had a single positive sample (2.0%, 1/50). Samples collected during the period of April to June (6.8%, 209 /3054) and July to September (11.4%, 286/2500) were more likely to be positive than those collected during October to December (4.0%, 73/1838) and January to March (2.8%, 86/3025). The most common serotypes of Salmonella were dissimilar from those that are typically seen in human illness and cattle illness. The majority of isolates (62.8%, 441/702) were sensitive to all of the antimicrobials tested. Resistance was most frequently observed to tetracycline (35.9%, 252/702) followed by streptomycin (11.1%, 78 /702), ampicillin (10.4%, 73/702) and chloramphenicol (10.4%, 73 /702). Multiple resistance (resistance to greater than or equal to 2 antimicrobials) was observed for 11.7% (82/702) of the isolates. Salmonella was isolated at low frequency from faeces of feedlot cattle and the serotypes were not those commonly associated with human illness. In addition most of the Salmonella isolates were sensitive to all the antimicrobials tested. This study contributes to understanding the ecology of Salmonella in cattle feedlots and the prevalence of resistance among potential food-borne pathogens. JF - Journal of Applied Microbiology AU - Dargatz, D AU - Fedorka-Cray, P AU - Ladely, S AU - Kopral, C AU - Ferris, K AU - Headrick, M AD - APHIS Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, USDA, Fort Collins, CO, USA, ARS Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, USDA, Athens, GA, USA, APHIS National Veterinary Services Laboratories, USDA, Ames, IA, USA, and CVM, FDA, Rockville, MD, USA, david.a.dargatz@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 753 EP - 761 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 95 IS - 4 SN - 1364-5072, 1364-5072 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01018:Animal foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18876366?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Prevalence+and+antimicrobial+susceptibility+of+Salmonella+spp.+isolates+from+US+cattle+in+feedlots+in+1999+and+2000&rft.au=Dargatz%2C+D%3BFedorka-Cray%2C+P%3BLadely%2C+S%3BKopral%2C+C%3BFerris%2C+K%3BHeadrick%2C+M&rft.aulast=Dargatz&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=753&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=13645072&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2672.2003.02034.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.02034.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydraulic lift in a neotropical savanna AN - 18876178; 5729933 AB - We report hydraulic lift in the savanna vegetation of central Brazil (Cerrado). Both heat-pulse measurements and isotopic (deuterium) labelling were used to determine whether hydraulic lift occurred in two common species, and whether neighbouring small shrubs and trees were utilizing this water. Both techniques showed water uptake by tap-roots and reverse flow of water in lateral roots. Roots transferred hydraulically lifted water to the soil, and small shrubs and trees neighbouring the labelled individuals were labelled by deuterated water. Isotopic mass-balance equations and sap-flow measurements showed that water taken up by the central tap-root in each individual constituted only a small percentage of total flux of water through the treated plants. Mass-balance equations also indicated that small shrubs and trees neighbouring the treated plants utilized only a few thousandths of a per cent of the label. The small proportion of water uptake by the tap-root of these two species may be limiting hydraulic lift in this system, unless sinker roots descending from lateral roots contribute to hydraulic lift. JF - Functional Ecology AU - Moreira, M Z AU - Scholz, F G AU - Bucci, S J AU - Sternberg, L S AU - Goldstein, G AU - Meinzer, F C AU - Franco, A C AD - Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba 13416-903, Brazil, Laboratorio de Ecologia Funcional (FCEyN) Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA, USDA Forest Service, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA, and **Department of Botany, University of Brazilia, CP 04457, 70919-970, Brazilia, Brazil, l.sternberg@miami.edu Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 573 EP - 581 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 17 IS - 5 SN - 0269-8463, 0269-8463 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04116:Tropical savannahs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18876178?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Functional+Ecology&rft.atitle=Hydraulic+lift+in+a+neotropical+savanna&rft.au=Moreira%2C+M+Z%3BScholz%2C+F+G%3BBucci%2C+S+J%3BSternberg%2C+L+S%3BGoldstein%2C+G%3BMeinzer%2C+F+C%3BFranco%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Moreira&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=573&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Functional+Ecology&rft.issn=02698463&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2435.2003.00770.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2435.2003.00770.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biodiversity across a Rural Land-Use Gradient AN - 18875944; 5730029 AB - Private lands in the American West are undergoing a land-use conversion from agriculture to exurban development, although little is known about the ecological consequences of this change. Some nongovernmental organizations are working with ranchers to keep their lands out of development and in ranching, ostensibly because they believe biodiversity is better protected on ranches than on exurban developments. However, there are several assumptions underlying this approach that have not been tested. To better inform conservation efforts, we compared avian, mesopredator, and plant communities across the gradient of intensifying human uses from nature reserves to cattle ranches to exurban developments. We conducted surveys at randomly selected points on each type of land use in one Colorado watershed between May and August of 2000 and 2001. Seven bird species, characterized as human commensals or tree nesters, reached higher densities ( all p < 0.02 ) on exurban developments than on either ranches or reserves. Six bird species, characterized as ground and shrub nesters, reached greater densities ( all p < 0.015 ) on ranches, reserves, or both of these types of land use than on exurban developments. Domestic dogs ( Canis familiaris ) and house cats ( Felis catus ) were encountered almost exclusively on exurban developments, whereas coyotes ( Canis latrans ) were detected more frequently ( p = 0.047 ) on ranchlands than exurban developments. Ranches had plant communities with higher native species richness and lower non-native species richness and cover than did the other types of land use ( all p < 0.10 ). Our results support the notion that ranches are important for protecting biodiversity and suggest that future conservation efforts may require less reliance on reserves and a greater focus on private lands.Original Abstract: Los terrenos privados del oeste de America estan experimentando una conversion del suelo de un uso agricola a un uso urbano, aunque se conoce poco acerca de las consecuencias ecologicas de este cambio. Algunas organizaciones no gubernamentales estan trabajando con granjeros para que sus tierras permanezcan sin urbanizar, ostensiblemente porque piensan que la biodiversidad se protege mejor en tierras rurales que en urbanizaciones. Sin embargo, hay varios supuestos subyacentes a este modelo que no han sido comprobadas. Para informarnos mejor sobre los esfuerzos de conservacion, comparamos comunidades de aves, mesodepredadores y plantas a lo largo del gradiente de intensidad de uso humano de reservas naturales, granjas y zonas de urbanizacion. Realizamos muestreos en sitios seleccionados aleatoriamente en cada uso de suelo en una cuenca del Colorado entre mayo y agosto de 2000 y 2001. Siete especies de aves, caracterizadas como comensales humanos o nidificantes arboreos, alcanzaron densidades mas altas ( todas p < 0.02 ) en urbanizaciones nuevas que en granjas o reservas. Seis especies de aves, caracterizadas como nidificantes de suelo y arbustos, alcanzaron densidades mayores ( todas p < 0.015 ) en granjas, reservas o usos mixtos del suelo que en las nuevas urbanizaciones. Se encontraron perros ( Canis familiaris ) y gatos ( Felis catus ) domesticos casi exclusivamente en nuevas urbanizaciones, mientras que se detectaron coyotes ( Canis latrans ) mas frecuentemente ( p = 0.047 ) en granjas que en nuevas urbanizaciones. Las granjas tenian comunidades de plantas con mayor riqueza de especies nativas y menor riqueza y cobertura de especies no nativas que en todos los demas usos de suelo ( todas p < 0.10 ). Nuestros resultados apoyan la nocion de que las granjas son importantes para la proteccion de la biodiversidad y sugieren que los futuros esfuerzos de conservacion pueden requerir de menos confianza en las reservas y un mayor enfoque en terrenos privados. JF - Conservation Biology AU - Maestas, J D AU - Knight, R L AU - Gilgert, W C AD - Department of Fishery & Wildlife Biology , Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1474, U.S.A., jeremy.maestas@ut.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 1425 EP - 1434 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 17 IS - 5 SN - 0888-8892, 0888-8892 KW - Birds KW - Dogs KW - House cat KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - M3 1140:Biodiversity KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18875944?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Conservation+Biology&rft.atitle=Biodiversity+across+a+Rural+Land-Use+Gradient&rft.au=Maestas%2C+J+D%3BKnight%2C+R+L%3BGilgert%2C+W+C&rft.aulast=Maestas&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1425&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Conservation+Biology&rft.issn=08888892&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1523-1739.2003.02371.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.02371.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of treating bovine hide with steam at subatmospheric pressure on bacterial numbers and leather quality AN - 18875072; 5729904 AB - To examine the effect of subatmospheric steam treatment on total viable counts (TVCs) on bovine hide and on the quality of derived leather. Pieces of bovine hide were heated to 75 degree C ( plus or minus 2 degree C) (n = 3) or 80 degree C ( plus or minus 2 degree C) (n = 3) for periods of 1, 10 or 20 s by the application of steam at subatmospheric pressure in a laboratory scale apparatus. Treated hide pieces and untreated controls were tanned and the quality of leather was assessed. Treatment at 80 degree C (T80) reduced the TVC on hide pieces by 2.95 (1 s), 3.33 (10 s) and 3.99 (20 s) log sub(10) CFU cm super(-2) (P > 0.05). Treatment at 75 degree C (T75) reduced the TVC on hide pieces by 1.87 (1 s), 2.51 (10 s) and 2.56 (20 s) log sub(10) CFU cm super(-2) (P > 0.05). The grain on all treated hides was damaged resulting in sueding on derived leather. Sueding was observed on 100% of surfaces from T80-treated samples and on 18 (1 s) to 84% (20 s) of the surfaces of T75 samples. The magnitude of TVC reductions achieved using T75 and T80 could limit the impact and scale of contamination transfer to the carcass during dehiding. However, because of the sueding observed on derived leather, it is unlikely that either T75 or T80 would be a commercially valid operation during routine slaughter operations. Hide decontamination would provide an important critical control point for beef processing, however there are currently no commercially available treatments. JF - Letters in Applied Microbiology AU - Mcevoy, J AU - Doherty, A AU - Sheridan, J AU - Bailey, D AU - Blair, I AU - Mcdowell, D AD - Teagasc, The National Food Centre, Ashtown, Dublin, Ireland, United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Centre, Wyndmoor, PA, USA, and School of Applied Medical Science, University of Ulster at Jordanstown, Newtownabbey, UK, john.mcevoy@ndsu.nodak.edu Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 344 EP - 348 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 37 IS - 4 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - cattle KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01060:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18875072?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+treating+bovine+hide+with+steam+at+subatmospheric+pressure+on+bacterial+numbers+and+leather+quality&rft.au=Mcevoy%2C+J%3BDoherty%2C+A%3BSheridan%2C+J%3BBailey%2C+D%3BBlair%2C+I%3BMcdowell%2C+D&rft.aulast=Mcevoy&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=344&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1472-765X.2003.01406.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-765X.2003.01406.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparative heat inactivation study of indigenous microflora in beef with that of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella serotypes and Escherichia coli O157:H7 AN - 18874283; 5729894 AB - Thermal inactivation of a mixture of five strains of Listeria monocytogenes, four strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and eight serotypes of Salmonella were compared with that of indigenous microflora in 75% lean ground beef. Inoculated meat was packaged in bags that were completely immersed in a circulating water bath and held at 55, 57.5 and 60 degree C for predetermined lengths of time. The surviving cell population was enumerated by spiral plating heat-treated samples onto tryptic soya agar supplemented with 0.6% yeast extract and 1% sodium pyruvate. D-values, determined by linear regression, in beef were 77.49, 21.9, and 10.66 min at 55, 57.5, and 60 degree C, respectively, for indigenous microflora (z = 5.81 degree C). When either of the three pathogens were heated in beef, their D-values calculated were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those of indigenous microflora at all temperatures. The slope of the thermal death time curve for L. monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7 and indigenous microflora were similar. Using a survival model for nonlinear survival curves, the D sub(1)-values at all temperatures for L. monocytogenes were significantly higher (P < 0.05) compared with those for Salmonella serotypes, E. coli O157:H7 or indigenous microflora. However, higher recovery of a subpopulation of the indigenous microflora in beef exposed to heating at 55, 57.5 or 60 degree C resulted in significantly higher (P < 0.05) D sub(2)-values at all three temperatures, compared with those of the three pathogens at the same test temperatures. If the thermal process is designed to ensure destruction of indigenous microbial flora, it should also provide an adequate degree of protection against L. monocytogenes, Salmonella serotypes or E. coli O157:H7. The results of this study will assist the retail food industry in designing acceptance limits on critical control points that ensure safety, without introducing pathogens in a retail food environment, against L. monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella in cooked ground beef. JF - Letters in Applied Microbiology AU - Juneja, V K AD - U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, PA, USA, vjuneja@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 292 EP - 298 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 37 IS - 4 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18874283?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=A+comparative+heat+inactivation+study+of+indigenous+microflora+in+beef+with+that+of+Listeria+monocytogenes%2C+Salmonella+serotypes+and+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7&rft.au=Juneja%2C+V+K&rft.aulast=Juneja&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=292&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1472-765X.2003.01393.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-765X.2003.01393.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monitoring predators to optimize their management for marine turtle nest protection AN - 18862673; 5694194 AB - The fundamental conservation focus for Hobe Sound National Wildlife Refuge (HSNWR), Florida is to provide protected nesting habitat for three threatened or endangered marine turtle species. Turtle nesting and hatching spans from early spring to fall each year. Left unchecked, nest predation by raccoons and armadillos would destroy most turtle nests. Predators are removed to protect nests, primarily with a one person-month contract using control specialists. We maximized the efficiency of predator removal by using a passive tracking index to: (1) optimize the timing and strategy for predator removal, (2) minimize labor by identifying areas where predator removal would have maximal effect, (3) examine beach invasion patterns of predators, (4) assess efficacy of removal efforts, (5) provide anticipatory information for future turtle nesting seasons, and (6) serve as a detection method for invasion by additional species known to depredate turtle nests. An overall nest predation rate of 28% resulted, whereas the rate for the previous year was 42% when the same level of contracted predator removal was applied, but without monitoring predators. One year before that, predator removal was done without contracts with specialists and predation was 48%. Up to 95% of the nests were destroyed in the years prior to predator removal. Using 2000 data on numbers of nests, clutch sizes, and emergence rates, we estimated the number of hatchlings that would have been lost assuming that the predation rates observed from four predator removal scenarios at HSNWR would have occurred in 2000. Historical predation of 95% would have resulted in 120, 597 hatchlings lost in 2000. Predator removal as part of regular refuge operations would have reduced this number to 62, 481. Addition of a contract with control specialists would have further reduced the number lost to 53, 778. Addition of temporal and spatial monitoring for predator removal reduced losses to 36, 637. JF - Biological Conservation AU - Engeman, R M AU - Martin, R E AU - Constantin, B AU - Noel, R AU - Woolard, J AD - National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80521-2154, USA, richard.m.engeman@usda.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - October 2003 SP - 171 EP - 178 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl] VL - 113 IS - 2 SN - 0006-3207, 0006-3207 KW - Marine turtles KW - Modern sea turtles KW - Sea turtles KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Armadillo KW - Florida KW - Leatherback turtle KW - Loggerhead turtle KW - Green turtle KW - Population index KW - Raccoon KW - Biological surveys KW - Marine KW - ASW, USA, Florida, Hobe Sound Natl. Wildlife Refuge KW - Wildlife management KW - USA, Florida KW - Aquatic reptiles KW - Predators KW - Rare species KW - Cheloniidae KW - Environmental protection KW - Nests KW - Breeding sites KW - Nature conservation KW - Marine parks KW - Conservation KW - Endangered species KW - Monitoring KW - Sanctuaries KW - Q1 08483:Species interactions: general KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - O 4090:Conservation and Environmental Protection KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18862673?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+Conservation&rft.atitle=Monitoring+predators+to+optimize+their+management+for+marine+turtle+nest+protection&rft.au=Engeman%2C+R+M%3BMartin%2C+R+E%3BConstantin%2C+B%3BNoel%2C+R%3BWoolard%2C+J&rft.aulast=Engeman&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+Conservation&rft.issn=00063207&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0006-3207%2802%2900295-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological surveys; Breeding sites; Aquatic reptiles; Marine parks; Nature conservation; Predators; Rare species; Sanctuaries; Nests; Environmental protection; Wildlife management; Endangered species; Conservation; Monitoring; Cheloniidae; ASW, USA, Florida, Hobe Sound Natl. Wildlife Refuge; USA, Florida; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(02)00295-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimation of growth of Clostridium perfringens in cooked beef under fluctuating temperature conditions AN - 18834174; 5725893 AB - A new concept for estimating the bacterial growth under temperature fluctuations was hypothesized and validated using Clostridium perfringens as a test organism. This new methodology was based on the Gompertz models to calculate the equivalent growth times under different temperatures, and estimated the bacterial population under temperature fluctuations. The new concept was tested in ground beef maintained under fluctuating temperature conditions. The estimation accuracy of this methodology was generally within 1.0log10 (cfu/g). Although the methodology was based on C. perfringens, it can potentially be applied to other foodborne pathogens to predict the bacterial growth under temperature fluctuations. JF - Food Microbiology AU - Huang, L AD - US Department of Agriculture Food Safety Intervention Technologies Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, lhuang@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 549 EP - 559 VL - 20 IS - 5 SN - 0740-0020, 0740-0020 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18834174?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Estimation+of+growth+of+Clostridium+perfringens+in+cooked+beef+under+fluctuating+temperature+conditions&rft.au=Huang%2C+L&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=549&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=07400020&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0740-0020%2802%2900155-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0740-0020(02)00155-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of transplant type, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, and soil treatment on growth and yield of strawberry in Florida AN - 18822307; 5735819 AB - The effects of transplant type and soil treatment on growth and yield of strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) produced in annual hill culture were evaluated for three years in Florida field trials. `Sweet Charlie' and `Camarosa' strawberry transplants were propagated as bare root, plug, and plugs amended with a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial (PGPR) treatment, LS213. The transplant treatments were evaluated in combination with methyl bromide, 1, 3-dichloropropene (Telone II), an unregistered iodine-based compound (Plantpro 45), and untreated soil. `Camarosa' plugs amended with LS213 had higher overall yields than bare root transplants in all three years. Both `Camarosa' and `Sweet Charlie' plug and LS213 plug plants produced yields approximately two weeks earlier than bare root transplants in all years. Regardless of transplant type, and in both consecutive years of Plantpro 45 and Telone application, treatment with Plantpro 45 resulted in smaller and less healthy root systems than other soil treatments, and treatment with Telone resulted in yields comparable to methyl bromide. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Kokalis-Burelle, N AD - Research Ecologist, USDA-ARS, U. S. Horticultural Research Lab, 2001 South Rock Rd., Ft. Pierce, FL 34945, USA. Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 273 EP - 280 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 256 IS - 2 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - 1,3-Dichloropropene KW - methyl bromide KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01055:Other soil treatments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18822307?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Effects+of+transplant+type%2C+plant+growth-promoting+rhizobacteria%2C+and+soil+treatment+on+growth+and+yield+of+strawberry+in+Florida&rft.au=Kokalis-Burelle%2C+N&rft.aulast=Kokalis-Burelle&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=256&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=273&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Loss of function of the Fusarium oxysporum SNF1 gene reduces virulence on cabbage and Arabidopsis AN - 18821860; 5723760 AB - Fusarium oxysporum pathogenicity is believed to require the activity of cell wall-degrading enzymes. Production of these enzymes in fungi is subject to carbon catabolite repression, a process that in yeast is mostly controlled by the SNF1 (sucrose non-fermenting 1) gene. To elucidate the role of cell wall-degrading enzymes in F. oxysporum pathogenicity, we cloned and disrupted its SNF1 JF - Current Genetics AU - Giraldo, MD AU - Mullins, E AU - Kang, S AD - Department of Plant Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University, 311 Buckhout, PA 16802, University Park, USA, ospinagm@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 49 EP - 57 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 44 IS - 1 SN - 0172-8083, 0172-8083 KW - SNF1 gene KW - sucrose non-fermenting 1 gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Genetics Abstracts KW - G 07330:Fungal genetics KW - A 01024:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18821860?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Genetics&rft.atitle=Loss+of+function+of+the+Fusarium+oxysporum+SNF1+gene+reduces+virulence+on+cabbage+and+Arabidopsis&rft.au=Giraldo%2C+MD%3BMullins%2C+E%3BKang%2C+S&rft.aulast=Giraldo&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Genetics&rft.issn=01728083&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00294-003-0419-y L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00294/bibs/3044001/30440049.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00294-003-0419-y ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Motility Revertant of the ndvB Mutant of Bradyrhizobium japonicum AN - 18053042; 6018636 AB - A motility revertant of a Bradyrhizobium japonicum ndvB mutant was isolated and characterized. The ndvB mutants of B. japonicum have been reported to be osmotically sensitive, as well as defective in motility, periplasmic cyclic beta -(1 arrow right 3), (1 arrow right 6)-D-glucan synthesis, and symbiosis with soybean. The motility revertant was restored for osmotic tolerance but not for cyclic beta -glucan production or effective symbiosis. These results support our hypothesis that cyclic beta -glucans have an important role in symbiosis-the suppression of a plant defense response-in addition to their role in periplasmic osmoprotection. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Chen, R AU - Bhagwat, A A AU - Keister, D L AD - Soybean Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Building 002, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 431 EP - 433 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 47 IS - 5 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - osmoprotection KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Motility KW - beta -glucan KW - Symbiosis KW - Bradyrhizobium japonicum KW - Revertants KW - Soybeans KW - J 02721:Cell cycle, morphology and motility UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18053042?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=A+Motility+Revertant+of+the+ndvB+Mutant+of+Bradyrhizobium+japonicum&rft.au=Chen%2C+R%3BBhagwat%2C+A+A%3BKeister%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=431&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00284-003-4066-9 L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00284/bibs/3047005/30470431.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Motility; Symbiosis; beta -glucan; Revertants; Soybeans; Bradyrhizobium japonicum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00284-003-4066-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing Overweight, Obesity, Diet, and Physical Activity in College Students AN - 17975423; 5934056 AB - The authors surveyed 738 college students aged 18 to 27 years to assess overweight, obesity, dietary habits, and physical activity. They used BMI (body mass index) greater than or equal to 25 kg/m super(2) or BMI greater than or equal to 85th percentile and BMI greater than or equal to 30 kg/m super(2) or BMI greater than or equal to 95th percentile to estimate overweight and obesity in those aged less than or equal to 19 years. To define overweight and obesity in those greater than or equal to 20 years, they used BMI greater than or equal to 25 kg/m super(2) and greater than or equal to 30 kg/m super(2). They found overweight rates of 21.6% using BMI directly and 16.2% using BMI percentile and obesity rates of 4.9% using BMI directly and 4.2% using BMI percentile. More than 69% of the participants reported < 5 servings of fruits and vegetables per day and more than 67% reported < 20 g of fiber per day; participants reported physical activity on fewer than 3 d/wk. Most college students are not meeting dietary and physical activity guidelines, suggesting the need for prevention interventions and increased understanding of overweight in college students. JF - Journal of American College Health AU - Huang, TT-K AU - Harris, K J AU - Lee, R E AU - Nazir, N AU - Born, W AU - Kaur, H AD - Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy and Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 83 EP - 87 VL - 52 IS - 2 SN - 0744-8481, 0744-8481 KW - Physical Education Index KW - Obesity KW - Diet (effects) KW - Weight control KW - College students KW - Health (status) KW - Exercise (effects) KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17975423?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+American+College+Health&rft.atitle=Assessing+Overweight%2C+Obesity%2C+Diet%2C+and+Physical+Activity+in+College+Students&rft.au=Huang%2C+TT-K%3BHarris%2C+K+J%3BLee%2C+R+E%3BNazir%2C+N%3BBorn%2C+W%3BKaur%2C+H&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=TT-K&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+American+College+Health&rft.issn=07448481&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Health (status); College students; Obesity; Diet (effects); Weight control; Exercise (effects) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of select nitrocompounds on ruminal fermentation; an initial look at their potential to reduce economic and environmental costs associated with ruminal methanogenesis AN - 17952332; 5899213 AB - Methane production by ruminal microbes during the digestion of feedstuffs is an inefficient process resulting in losses of 2-12% of the gross energy consumed by ruminants. Presently, we report the effect of three inhibitors on ruminal methane production in vitro. Mixed populations of ruminal microbes collected from cannulated cows maintained on an alfalfa hay:corn diet (50:50) were incubated at 39 degree C for 24 h under a 100% carbon dioxide gas phase in closed tubes with 72 mM added sodium formate. Cultures were supplemented with 12 mM 2- nitropropanol, nitroethane or nitroethanol (experiment 1) or with 2, 12 or 24 mM nitroethane or a combination of 12 mM nitroethane and 4 mM nitroethanol (experiment 2). Control cultures containing no added nitrocompound were incubated simultaneously with treated incubations. Methane concentrations were reduced (P<0.05) from those measured in control incubations (27.6 +/- 2.1 and 17.7 +/- 0.8 mu mol/ml; mean +/- SD for experiments 1 and 2, respectively) by at least 57% and as much as 94% in the nitrocompound supplemented incubations. By comparison, the widely fed methane inhibitor, monensin, typically reduces ruminal methane production by about 33%. Concentrations of volatile fatty acids and ammonia that accumulated in the nitrocompound supplemented incubations were not markedly affected compared to those produced by control cultures despite the reductions in methane produced. Hydrogen accumulated only slightly in cultures supplemented with the nitrocompounds. These results demonstrate that 2-nitropropanol, nitroethane and nitroethanol inhibit ruminal methane production. Further research is warranted to determine the mechanisms responsible for this inhibition and to see if these inhibitors can be used in practical application to reduce economic and environmental costs associated with ruminal methanogenesis. JF - Bioresource Technology AU - Anderson, R C AU - Callaway, T R AU - Van Kessel, JAS AU - Jung, Y S AU - Edrington, T S AU - Nisbet, D J AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, 2881 F&B Rd. College Station, TX 77845, USA, anderson@ffsru.tamu.edu Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 59 EP - 63 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 90 IS - 1 SN - 0960-8524, 0960-8524 KW - 2- nitropropanol KW - nitroethanol KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Methane KW - Fermentation KW - Ammonia KW - monensin KW - Volatile fatty acids KW - sodium formate KW - Inhibitors KW - Incubation KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Concentration KW - Methanogenesis KW - A 01015:Fermentation & related processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17952332?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioresource+Technology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+select+nitrocompounds+on+ruminal+fermentation%3B+an+initial+look+at+their+potential+to+reduce+economic+and+environmental+costs+associated+with+ruminal+methanogenesis&rft.au=Anderson%2C+R+C%3BCallaway%2C+T+R%3BVan+Kessel%2C+JAS%3BJung%2C+Y+S%3BEdrington%2C+T+S%3BNisbet%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioresource+Technology&rft.issn=09608524&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0960-8524%2803%2900086-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Methane; Fermentation; Ammonia; sodium formate; Volatile fatty acids; monensin; Incubation; Inhibitors; Carbon dioxide; Concentration; Methanogenesis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(03)00086-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dose-response relationships between pollination and fruiting refine pollinator comparisons for cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon [Ericaceae]) AN - 17952087; 5885551 AB - Comparisons of pollinator efficacy using pollen received on stigmas can be refined by incorporating experimental dose-response relationships for pollen deposition and fruiting responses. A range of discrete pollen doses applied to cranberry stigmas resulted in decelerating curvilinear responses for fruiting, berry size, and seed set. Minimum thresholds and maximum asymptotes bounded reproductive responses to incremental stigmatic pollen loads. Four bee species were compared for their pollination efficacies on commercial cranberries, using counts of pollen received by stigmas during single bee visits to previously virgin flowers. Differences between these bee species were found to be exaggerated when raw pollen counts were used for comparison because foragers of some species often delivered pollen in excess of that needed to maximize fruit and seed production. Sixfold differences between species in mean pollen deposition translated into 1.5-2-fold differences in predicted cranberry fruit set and size. Implications for pollen tube competition and agricultural production are discussed. JF - American Journal of Botany AU - Cane, J H AU - Schiffhauer, D AD - USDA-ARS Bee Biology and Systematics Laboratory, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5310, USA Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 1425 EP - 1432 VL - 90 IS - 10 SN - 0002-9122, 0002-9122 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Pollination KW - Fruits KW - Vaccinium macrocarpon KW - Host plants KW - Pollinators KW - Dose-response effects KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17952087?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Botany&rft.atitle=Dose-response+relationships+between+pollination+and+fruiting+refine+pollinator+comparisons+for+cranberry+%28Vaccinium+macrocarpon+%5BEricaceae%5D%29&rft.au=Cane%2C+J+H%3BSchiffhauer%2C+D&rft.aulast=Cane&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1425&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Botany&rft.issn=00029122&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vaccinium macrocarpon; Host plants; Pollination; Fruits; Dose-response effects; Pollinators ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Purification and properties of an extracellular beta -xylosidase from a newly isolated Fusarium proliferatum AN - 17946053; 5899209 AB - An extracellular beta -xylosidase from a newly isolated Fusarium proliferatum (NRRL 26517) capable of utilizing corn fiber xylan as growth substrate was purified to homogeneity from the culture supernatant by DEAE- Sepharose CL-6B batch adsorption chromatography, CM Bio-Gel A column chromatography, Bio-Gel A-0.5 m gel filtration and Bio-Gel HTP Hydroxyapatite column chromatography. The purified beta -xylosidase (specific activity, 53 U/mg protein) had a molecular weight of 91, 200 as estimated by SDS-PAGE. The optimum temperature and pH for the action of the enzyme were 60 degree C and 4.5, respectively. The purified enzyme hydrolyzed xylobiose and higher xylooligosaccharides but was inactive against xylan substrates. It had a K sub(m) value of 0.77 mM (p-nitrophenol- beta -D-xyloside, pH 4.5, 50 degree C) and was competitively inhibited by xylose with a K sub(i) value of 5 mM. The enzyme did not require any metal ion for activity and stability. Comparative properties of this enzyme with other fungal beta -xylosidases are presented. JF - Bioresource Technology AU - Saha, B C AD - Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604, USA, sahabc@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 33 EP - 38 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 90 IS - 1 SN - 0960-8524, 0960-8524 KW - p-nitrophenol- beta -D-xyloside KW - xylobiose KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Extracellular KW - Fibers KW - Growth KW - Xylose KW - Xylan KW - Fusarium proliferatum KW - Adsorption KW - Column chromatography KW - pH effects KW - Xylan 1,4- beta -xylosidase KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - K 03020:Fungi KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17946053?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioresource+Technology&rft.atitle=Purification+and+properties+of+an+extracellular+beta+-xylosidase+from+a+newly+isolated+Fusarium+proliferatum&rft.au=Saha%2C+B+C&rft.aulast=Saha&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioresource+Technology&rft.issn=09608524&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0960-8524%2803%2900098-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Extracellular; Temperature effects; Fibers; Growth; Xylose; Xylan; Adsorption; Column chromatography; pH effects; Xylan 1,4- beta -xylosidase; Fusarium proliferatum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(03)00098-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Safety of Revaccination of Pregnant Bison with Brucella abortus Strain Rb51 AN - 17743159; 6119401 AB - From December 1998 through February 1999, a study was conducted in a Brucella-infected bison herd to evaluate the safety of booster vaccination of adult bison (Bison bison) with 6x10 super(9) colony forming units (CFU) of Brucella abortus strain RB51 (SRB51) that had previously been vaccinated as yearlings with 1x10 super(10) CFU of SRB51. Abortions or other adverse effects were not observed after SRB51 booster vaccination. At 10 wk after adult vaccination, pregnant and nonpregnant bison (n=65) were randomly selected for bacteriologic sampling of targeted maternal tissues during abattoir processing. Fetal tissues were also sampled in pregnant bison. The SRB51 vaccine was recovered from tissue samples of eight of 48 pregnant bison and none of 17 nonpregnant bison. In three of the eight culture-positive bison, SRB51 was recovered from fetal tissues. In three additional bison, one pregnant and two nonpregnant, B. abortus biovar 1 field strain was recovered from internal iliac or supramammary lymphatic tissues. Results of this study suggest the possibility that the SRB51 vaccine can be safely used to booster vaccinate pregnant bison in a Brucella-infected bison herd. Our data also reaffirms the potential for B. abortus field strains to persist in bison until attainment of reproductive age, despite extensive use of vaccination and serologic testing. JF - Journal of Wildlife Diseases AU - Olsen, S C AU - Holland, S D AD - Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 2300 Dayton Ave., Ames, Iowa 50010, USA, Solsen@NADC.ARS.USDA.GOV Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 824 EP - 829 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. Lawrence KS 66044 USA, [mailto:webmaster@allenpress.com], [URL:http://www.allenpress.com] VL - 39 IS - 4 SN - 0090-3558, 0090-3558 KW - American Bison KW - lymphatic tissues KW - reproductive age KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Bison KW - Brucella abortus KW - brucellosis KW - strain RB51 KW - vaccine KW - Abattoirs KW - Colony-forming cells KW - Abortion KW - Bison bison KW - Vaccination KW - Fetuses KW - Side effects KW - Pregnancy KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17743159?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.atitle=Safety+of+Revaccination+of+Pregnant+Bison+with+Brucella+abortus+Strain+Rb51&rft.au=Olsen%2C+S+C%3BHolland%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Olsen&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=824&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.issn=00903558&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Abattoirs; Abortion; Colony-forming cells; Vaccination; Side effects; Fetuses; Pregnancy; Brucella abortus; Bison bison ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aerosol Exposure of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) to Mycobacterium bovis AN - 17742037; 6119387 AB - Tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis affects both captive and free- ranging Cervidae in the United States. Various animal models have been developed to study tuberculosis of both humans and animals. Generally, tuberculosis is transmitted by aerosol and oral routes. Models of aerosol exposure of large animals to M. bovis are uncommon. In order to develop a reliable method of aerosol exposure of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) to M. bovis, 12 healthy white-tailed deer, aged 8-10 mo, were infected by aerosol exposure to 2x10 super(5) to 1x10 super(6) colony forming units (CFU) (high dose, n=4) of M. bovis or 6x10 super(2) to 1.6x10 super(3) CFU (low dose, n=8) of M. bovis. Tuberculous lesions were more widely disseminated in deer receiving the high dose, while lesions in deer receiving the low dose were more focused on the lungs and associated lymph nodes (tracheobronchial and mediastinal). Aerosol delivery of M. bovis to white-tailed deer results in a reliable manner of experimental infection that may be useful for studies of disease pathogenesis, immune response, mycobacterial shedding, and vaccine efficacy. JF - Journal of Wildlife Diseases AU - Mitchell, V AU - Waters, Ray W AU - Whipple, Diana L AD - Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 2300 Dayton Avenue, Ames, Iowa, 50010, USA, mpalmernadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 817 EP - 823 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. Lawrence KS 66044 USA, [mailto:webmaster@allenpress.com], [URL:http://www.allenpress.com] VL - 39 IS - 4 SN - 0090-3558, 0090-3558 KW - White-tailed deer KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Aerosol KW - Mycobacterium bovis KW - Odocoileus virginianus KW - tuberculosis KW - white-tailed deer KW - Aerosols KW - Experimental infection KW - Animal models KW - Lymph nodes KW - Cervidae KW - Lung KW - Colony-forming cells KW - Tuberculosis KW - Immune response KW - Vaccines KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17742037?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.atitle=Aerosol+Exposure+of+White-Tailed+Deer+%28Odocoileus+virginianus%29+to+Mycobacterium+bovis&rft.au=Mitchell%2C+V%3BWaters%2C+Ray+W%3BWhipple%2C+Diana+L&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=817&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.issn=00903558&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Experimental infection; Aerosols; Lung; Colony-forming cells; Animal models; Tuberculosis; Vaccines; Immune response; Lymph nodes; Odocoileus virginianus; Cervidae; Mycobacterium bovis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Going By the Flow--Using Acoustics To Track Stream Sediment AN - 17410483; 6539320 AB - Listening to a flowing creek may be just the thing for relaxing on a peaceful afternoon. But ARS hydraulic engineer Roger Kuhnle listens for a different reason. He's seeking clues about the overall state of the watershed that feeds the creek. Kuhnle and colleagues use cutting-edge acoustic technology to monitor sediment flow, whose speed and concentration may alert researchers to changes and problems within water systems. The project, undertaken with the University of Mississippi, is being conducted on a model stream channel at the ARS Channel and Watershed Process Research Unit's laboratory in Oxford, Mississippi, as well as in nearby Goodwin Creek. JF - Agricultural Research AU - Pons, L AD - USDA-ARS National Sedimentation Laboratory, P.O. Box 1157, 598 McElroy Dr., Oxford, MS 38655, USA, rkuhnle@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 22 VL - 51 IS - 10 SN - 0002-161X, 0002-161X KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Sediment Transport KW - Rivers KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Hydraulics KW - Acoustic data KW - Sediment gravity flows KW - Acoustics KW - Laboratories KW - Hydrophones KW - Freshwater KW - Watersheds KW - Streams KW - Sediments KW - Model Studies KW - Stream flow KW - Channels KW - Resuspended sediments KW - USA, Mississippi KW - USA, Mississippi, Goodwin Creek KW - Sediment transport KW - Feeds KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - Q2 09264:Sediments and sedimentation KW - Q2 09201:General KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17410483?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Research&rft.atitle=Going+By+the+Flow--Using+Acoustics+To+Track+Stream+Sediment&rft.au=Pons%2C+L&rft.aulast=Pons&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=22&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Research&rft.issn=0002161X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental monitoring; Resuspended sediments; Rivers; Acoustic data; Sediment gravity flows; Hydrophones; Sediment transport; Watersheds; Sediments; Stream flow; Sediment Transport; Channels; Hydraulics; Acoustics; Laboratories; Streams; Model Studies; Feeds; USA, Mississippi, Goodwin Creek; USA, Mississippi; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cd, Cu, Zn, Al and their binary combinations acute toxicity for Chironomus plumosus larvae AN - 17299433; 6090796 AB - The ecotoxicological effect expressed as mortality of Cd, Cu, Zn, and Al, and their associations on winter third- to fourth-instar larvae of Chironomus plumosus was determined. On the basis of the LC sub(50) values, the toxicity of metals after 96 h treatment was ranked Cu>>Cd>Zn>Al. When the acute toxic effect of metal pairs was observed, in general, deleterious effects were directly proportional to the concentration of the metals. The toxicity of metals in combinations was different from that of individual metals, because of either antagonism or synergism. When the combined original metals (the metal ions according to which the interaction was determined) were at lower concentration (Cd 10 mg L super(-1), Zn 25 mg L super(-1), Al 25 mg L super(-1), Cu 0.1 mg L super(-1)), the prevailing interaction was synergism. Contrarily, when the original metals were at higher concentration (Cd 25 mg L super(-1), Zn 50 mg L super(-1), Al 50 mg L super(-1), Cu 1.0 mg L super(-1)), the prevailing interaction was antagonism. Additivity was confirmed for the following combination: Al sub(25) + Cd sub(10), Al sub(25) + Cd sub(25), Al sub(25) + Cu sub(0.1), Cu sub(0.1) + Cd sub(10), Cu sub(0.1) + Cd sub(25), Cu sub(0.1) + Al sub(50), whereas for the combination Zn sub(50) + Al sub(50), the reciprocal additivity was observed. JF - Fresenius Environmental Bulletin AU - Fargasova, A AD - Comenius University Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Ecosozology and Physiotactics, Mlynska dolina, 842 15 Bratislava - Slovak Republic, fargasova@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 830 EP - 834 PB - Technische Universitaet Muenchen VL - 12 IS - 8 SN - 1018-4619, 1018-4619 KW - Midges KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Metals KW - Ions KW - Mortality KW - Chironomidae KW - Heavy metals KW - Larvae KW - Copper KW - Antagonism KW - Acute toxicity KW - CD25 antigen KW - Zinc KW - Aluminum KW - Cadmium KW - Chironomus plumosus KW - Toxicity testing KW - X 24360:Metals KW - Z 05183:Toxicology & resistance KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17299433?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Fresenius+Environmental+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Cd%2C+Cu%2C+Zn%2C+Al+and+their+binary+combinations+acute+toxicity+for+Chironomus+plumosus+larvae&rft.au=Fargasova%2C+A&rft.aulast=Fargasova&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=830&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fresenius+Environmental+Bulletin&rft.issn=10184619&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mortality; Ions; Metals; Aluminum; Zinc; Cadmium; Acute toxicity; Antagonism; Copper; CD25 antigen; Toxicity testing; Heavy metals; Larvae; Chironomidae; Chironomus plumosus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of cadmium compounds on growth and metal accumulation in Zea mays L. in the presence of hydroxypropyl- beta -cyclodextrin AN - 17296516; 6090795 AB - The effect of CdCl sub(2) and two Cd(II) compounds - Cd(ac) sub(2)(nia) sub(2) and Cd(NCS) sub(2)(nia) sub(2) (ac = acetate, nia = nicotinamide) - on production parameters (primary root length, shoot length, dry mass of root and shoot, specific leaf mass) of Zea mays. L., and on cadmium accumulation by individual plant organs without and in the presence of hydroxypropyl- beta -cyclodextrin (HPCD) was investigated. CdCl sub(2) and the studied Cd(II) compounds inhibited growth of hydroponically cultivated maize seedlings. CdCl sub(2) was more toxic on production parameters than both Cd(X) sub(2)(nia) sub(2) compounds. In the presence of HPCD, the inhibition of the cumulative root length by CdCl sub(2) decreased, whereas by Cd(ac) sub(2)(nia) sub(2) and Cd(NCS) sub(2)(nia) sub(2) increased. It could be assumed that HPCD act as a penetration enhancer and therefore enables increase of Cd(X) sub(2)(nia) sub(2) availability at the surface of the root barriers. For the Cd complexes with nicotinamide, more effective translocation of the metal into the shoots occurred. In the presence of HPCD, the translocation of cadmium into the leaves increased. JF - Fresenius Environmental Bulletin AU - Kral'ova, K AU - Masarovicova, E AU - Stroffekova, O AU - Ondrejkovicova, I AD - Comenius University Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Mlynska dolina, 842 15 Bratislava - Slovak Republic, kralova@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 852 EP - 856 PB - Technische Universitaet Muenchen VL - 12 IS - 8 SN - 1018-4619, 1018-4619 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Metals KW - nicotinamide KW - Heavy metals KW - Leaves KW - Nia KW - Roots KW - Cadmium compounds KW - Toxicity KW - Acetic acid KW - Shoots KW - Growth KW - Zea mays KW - shoots KW - Cadmium KW - Seedlings KW - translocation KW - environmental chemistry KW - Translocation KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - X 24360:Metals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17296516?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Fresenius+Environmental+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Effect+of+cadmium+compounds+on+growth+and+metal+accumulation+in+Zea+mays+L.+in+the+presence+of+hydroxypropyl-+beta+-cyclodextrin&rft.au=Kral%27ova%2C+K%3BMasarovicova%2C+E%3BStroffekova%2C+O%3BOndrejkovicova%2C+I&rft.aulast=Kral%27ova&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=852&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fresenius+Environmental+Bulletin&rft.issn=10184619&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Shoots; Heavy metals; nicotinamide; Leaves; Roots; Seedlings; Cadmium; Acetic acid; Translocation; Metals; Growth; shoots; Cadmium compounds; Toxicity; translocation; environmental chemistry; Zea mays; Nia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of twenty-four microsatellite markers for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss ) AN - 17286527; 5782924 AB - Twenty-four new microsatellite markers were developed for genome mapping and population genetics studies in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The amount of polymorphism, percentage heterozygosity and ability of each marker to amplify genomic DNA from other salmonids were recorded. Seven markers were observed to be duplicated in the rainbow trout genome by containing more than one allele in homozygous (clonal) fish. JF - Molecular Ecology Notes AU - Rodriguez, F AU - Rexroad, CE AU - Palti, Y AD - National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, USDA-ARS, 11876 Leetown Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA, frodriguez@ncccwa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 619 EP - 622 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 3 IS - 4 SN - 1471-8278, 1471-8278 KW - Rainbow trout KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Genomes KW - Allelles KW - Duplication KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Anadromous species KW - Microsatellites KW - Population studies KW - Genetic diversity KW - Oncorhynchus mykiss KW - Genotypes KW - Biopolymorphism KW - Population genetics KW - DNA KW - Genetic mapping KW - G 07371:Fish KW - D 04668:Fish KW - Q1 08566:Fishery charts, grounds and water areas UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17286527?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Ecology+Notes&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+twenty-four+microsatellite+markers+for+rainbow+trout+%28Oncorhynchus+mykiss+%29&rft.au=Rodriguez%2C+F%3BRexroad%2C+CE%3BPalti%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Rodriguez&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=619&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Ecology+Notes&rft.issn=14718278&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1471-8286.2003.00531.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genomes; Population genetics; Allelles; Anadromous species; Nucleotide sequence; DNA; Genetic diversity; Genotypes; Biopolymorphism; Duplication; Microsatellites; Population studies; Genetic mapping; Oncorhynchus mykiss DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-8286.2003.00531.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dissolved phosphorus transport during storm and base flow conditions from an agriculturally intensive southeastern coastal plain watershed AN - 17285483; 5916016 AB - The high density of animal production in southeastern Coastal Plain watersheds has caused some soils to contain excess amounts of plant-available soil phosphorus (P). Runoff, erosion, and leaching can transport P to surface water systems and out of these watersheds. High P concentrations in downstream aquatic ecosystems can increase the risk of eutrophication. Our objectives were to determine stream dissolved phosphorus (DP) mass loads transported under storm and base flow conditions and to examine relationships between precipitation, stream flow, and DP concentrations and export loads from an agriculturally intensive Coastal Plain watershed. This watershed was separated into four subwatersheds, and stream flows at their outlets were separated into base and storm flow conditions. Over the 2-year study period, stream base flow accounted for the majority of total stream flow at all outlets (58% to 73%). Average stream total DP mass loads at the watershed outlet in 1994 and 1995 were 234 and 477 mg DP ha super(-1) d super(-1), and higher DP mass loads (57% to 71% of the cumulative total) were exported during base flow conditions. In 1995, a series of intense storm events over two months caused a large DP pulse (approximately 63% of the stream's yearly annual DP mass load) to exit the watershed. Regression analysis showed a linear relationship (P < 0.001) between log sub(10) instantaneous stream flow and log sub(10) DP export. Our results showed that more DP was exported during stream base flow conditions. However, intensive summer storms can greatly accelerate stream DP export from this agriculturally intensive Coastal Plain watershed. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Novak, J M AU - Stone, K C AU - Watts, D W AU - Johnson, M H AD - USDA-ARS-CPRC, 2611 West Lucas Street, Florence, SC 29501-1242, USA, novak@florence.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 1355 EP - 1363 VL - 46 IS - 5 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Regression Analysis KW - Coastal Plains KW - Storm Runoff KW - Ecosystems KW - Water Pollution Sources KW - Eutrophication KW - Base Flow KW - Phosphorus KW - Surface Water KW - Freshwater KW - USA, Southeast KW - Watersheds KW - Storms KW - Phosphorus in runoff KW - Soils KW - Regression analysis KW - River Flow KW - Stream Pollution KW - Leaching KW - Base flow KW - River discharge KW - Pollution Load KW - Precipitation KW - Water pollution KW - Stream flow KW - Erosion KW - Coastal zone KW - Stream Discharge KW - Runoff KW - M2 556.53:Rivers, Streams, Canals (556.53) KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - Q2 09271:Coastal morphology KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17285483?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Dissolved+phosphorus+transport+during+storm+and+base+flow+conditions+from+an+agriculturally+intensive+southeastern+coastal+plain+watershed&rft.au=Novak%2C+J+M%3BStone%2C+K+C%3BWatts%2C+D+W%3BJohnson%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Novak&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1355&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coastal zone; Leaching; Eutrophication; Soils; River discharge; Phosphorus; Watersheds; Storms; Runoff; Water pollution; Stream flow; Agriculture; Erosion; Ecosystems; Base flow; Regression analysis; Precipitation; Phosphorus in runoff; Regression Analysis; Storm Runoff; Coastal Plains; Water Pollution Sources; Base Flow; Pollution Load; Surface Water; Stream Pollution; River Flow; Stream Discharge; USA, Southeast; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth and Yield Responses of Potato to Mixtures of Carbon Dioxide and Ozone AN - 16172448; 5864513 AB - Elevated carbon dioxide (CO sub(2)) concentrations in the atmosphere can stimulate plant growth and yield, whereas ground-level ozone (O sub(3)) concentrations cause the opposite effect in many areas of the world. Recent experiments show that elevated CO sub(2) can protect some plants from O sub(3) stress, but this has not been tested for most crop species. Our objective was to determine if elevated CO sub(2) protects Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) from foliar injury and suppression of growth and yield caused by O sub(3). An O sub(3)-resistant cultivar (Superior) and an O sub(3)-sensitive cultivar (Dark Red Norland) were exposed from within 10 d after emergence to maturity to mixtures of three CO sub(2) and three O sub(3) treatments in open-top field chambers. The three CO sub(2) treatments were ambient (370 mu L L super(-1)) and two treatments with CO sub(2) added to ambient CO sub(2) for 24 h d super(-1) (540 and 715 mu L L super(-1)). The O sub(3) treatments were charcoal-filtered air (15 nL L super(-1)), nonfiltered air (45 nL L super(-1)), and nonfiltered air with O sub(3) added for 12 h d super(-1) (80 nL L super(-1)). Elevated O sub(3) and CO sub(2) caused extensive foliar injury of Dark Red Norland, but caused only slight injury of Superior. Elevated CO sub(2) increased growth and tuber yield of both cultivars, whereas elevated O sub(3) generally suppressed growth and yield, mainly of Dark Red Norland. Elevated CO sub(2) appeared to protect Dark Red Norland from O sub(3)-induced suppression of shoot, root, and tuber weight as measured at midseason but did not protect either cultivar from O sub(3) stress at the final harvest. The results further illustrate the difficulty in predicting effects of O sub(3) + CO sub(2) mixtures based on the effects of the individual gases. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Heagle, A S AU - Miller, JE AU - Pursley, WA AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Air Quality-Plant Growth and Development Research Unit, 3908 Inwood Road, Raleigh, NC 27603, USA, ahea@earthlink.net Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 1603 EP - 1610 VL - 32 IS - 5 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Potato KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Growth KW - Gases KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - Plants KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Atmosphere KW - Crops KW - Ozone KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16172448?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Growth+and+Yield+Responses+of+Potato+to+Mixtures+of+Carbon+Dioxide+and+Ozone&rft.au=Heagle%2C+A+S%3BMiller%2C+JE%3BPursley%2C+WA&rft.aulast=Heagle&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1603&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Growth; Gases; Plants; Carbon dioxide; Atmosphere; Crops; Ozone; Solanum tuberosum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Competitive Degradation between the Fumigants Chloropicrin and 1,3-Dichloropropene in Unamended and Amended Soils AN - 16169610; 5864526 AB - The mixture of 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) and chloropicrin (CP) is used as a preplant soil fumigant. In comparison with individual fumigants, application of a mixture may affect the environmental dissipation and fate of each chemical, such as emission and degradation. We investigated the degradation of CP, 1,3-D, and their mixture in fresh soils and sterile soils, and evaluated the competitive characteristic of fumigants in the mixture. The degradation of low concentrations of CP in fresh soil was accelerated at early times in the presence of 1,3-D, whereas the addition of CP reduced the degradation rate of trans-1,3-D, possibly by inhibiting the activity of trans-1,3-D degrading microorganisms. The potential of applying amendments to the soil to increase the rate of CP and 1,3-D degradation was also illustrated. The degradation of both fumigants was significantly enhanced in soils amended with ammonium thiosulfate (ATS) and sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (Na-DEDTC) compared with unamended soil. Competitive degradation was observed for CP in amended soils in the presence of 1,3-D. The degradation of cis-1,3-D in amended soils spiked as a mixture of 1,3-D and CP was repressed compared with the rate of degradation in samples spiked with 1,3-D only. This implied that in abiotic degradation, CP and cis-1,3-D competed for a limited number of reaction sites in amended soil, resulting in decreased degradation rates. No significant influence of fumigant mixtures was observed for trans-1,3-D in amended soil. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Zheng, Wei AU - Papiernik, S K AU - Guo, M AU - Yates AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Soil Physics and Pesticides Research Unit, George E. Brown Jr. Salinity Laboratory, Riverside, CA 92507, USA, syates@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 1735 EP - 1742 VL - 32 IS - 5 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - 1,3-dichloropropene KW - chloropicrin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Pollution Abstracts KW - Ammonium KW - Chemical degradation KW - Biodegradation KW - Fumigants KW - sodium diethyldithiocarbamate KW - 1,3-Dichloropropene KW - Fumigation KW - Soil KW - thiosulfate KW - Microorganisms KW - Environmental quality KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - A 01320:Microbial Degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16169610?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Competitive+Degradation+between+the+Fumigants+Chloropicrin+and+1%2C3-Dichloropropene+in+Unamended+and+Amended+Soils&rft.au=Zheng%2C+Wei%3BPapiernik%2C+S+K%3BGuo%2C+M%3BYates&rft.aulast=Zheng&rft.aufirst=Wei&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1735&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Ammonium; Biodegradation; sodium diethyldithiocarbamate; Fumigants; Microorganisms; thiosulfate; Environmental quality; 1,3-Dichloropropene; Chemical degradation; Fumigation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Electromagnetic Induction Methods Applied to an Abandoned Manure Handling Site to Determine Nutrient Buildup AN - 16168023; 5864538 AB - Movement of nutrients from livestock manure handling sites has the potential to negatively impact the environment. This study was conducted using electromagnetic induction (EMI) measurements to develop apparent soil electrical conductivity (EC sub(a)) maps to identify regions of nutrient buildup beneath an abandoned compost site. A trailer-mounted EM-38 coupled with a global positioning satellite system was towed across an area used for composting of feedlot manure. The resulting EC sub(a) maps were compared with known locations of compost rows confirming the alignment of row locations with high EC sub(a) regions. The identified rows were cored and compared with the region between the rows. The identified rows with a compost history demonstrated significant (P < 0.05) increases in soluble salts (1.6 times greater), NO sub(3) (6.0 times greater), and Cl (2.0 times greater) compared with the area between the rows at a 1.5-m depth. Image processing techniques were used to display yearly changes that were associated with nutrient movement and transformations in the soil beneath the site. Correlations between EMI measurements and soil core analyses for NO sub(3)-N, Cl, and EC provided ancillary support for the EMI methods. The use of EMI for mapping of sites having a history of livestock waste application was effective in delineating high nutrient buildup areas and for observing spatial EC sub(a) changes over time. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Eigenberg, R A AU - Nienaber, JA AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Biological Engineering Research Unit, P.O. Box 166, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA, eigenberg@email.marc.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 1837 EP - 1843 VL - 32 IS - 5 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Compost KW - Manure KW - Animal wastes KW - Nutrients KW - Mapping KW - Waste disposal KW - Electromagnetic fields KW - Livestock KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16168023?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Electromagnetic+Induction+Methods+Applied+to+an+Abandoned+Manure+Handling+Site+to+Determine+Nutrient+Buildup&rft.au=Eigenberg%2C+R+A%3BNienaber%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Eigenberg&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1837&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Compost; Animal wastes; Manure; Nutrients; Waste disposal; Mapping; Electromagnetic fields; Livestock ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simple Protocols to Determine Dust Potentials from Cattle Feedlot Soil and Surface Samples AN - 16167981; 5864516 AB - Cattle feedlot dust is an annoyance and may be a route for nutrient transport, odor emission, and pathogen dispersion, but important environmental factors that contribute to dust emissions are poorly characterized. A general protocol was devised to test feedlot samples for their ability to produce dust under a variety of environmental conditions. A blender was modified to produce dust from a variety of dried feedlot surface and soil samples and collect airborne particles on glass fiber filters by vacuum collection. A general blending protocol optimized for sample volume (150-175 cm super(3)), blending time (5 min of pre-blending), and dust collection time (15 s) provided consistent dust measurements for all samples tested. The procedure performed well on samples that varied in organic matter content, but was restricted to samples containing less than 200 to 700 g H sub(2)O kg super(-1) dry matter (DM). When applied to field samples, the technique demonstrated considerable spatial variability between feedlot pen sites. Mechanistically, dust potential was related to moisture and organic matter content. An alternative protocol also demonstrated differences within pen sites in maximum dust potential and dust airborne residence time. The two protocols were not intended, nor are they suitable, for predicting actual particulate matter emissions from agricultural sources. Rather, the protocols rapidly and inexpensively compared the potential for dust emission from samples of differing composition under a variety of environmental conditions. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Miller, D N AU - Woodbury, B L AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, P.O. Box 166, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA, miller@email.marc.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 1634 EP - 1640 VL - 32 IS - 5 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Cattle KW - Agricultural pollution KW - Air sampling KW - Emission measurements KW - Animal feeds KW - Environmental conditions KW - Dust KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16167981?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Simple+Protocols+to+Determine+Dust+Potentials+from+Cattle+Feedlot+Soil+and+Surface+Samples&rft.au=Miller%2C+D+N%3BWoodbury%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1634&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cattle; Agricultural pollution; Emission measurements; Air sampling; Animal feeds; Environmental conditions; Dust ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trace element speciation in selected smelter-contaminated soils in Anaconda and Deer Lodge Valley, Montana, USA AN - 16156117; 5708233 AB - Long-term copper smelting in the Anaconda and Deer Lodge Valley area of Montana has resulted in an extensive area of trace element contamination. Aerial extent of contamination is generally established, but total analysis of soils does not correlate to relative degree of impact on vegetation growth. Three pedons (Beaverell, Cetrack and Judco) were analyzed by routine soil characterization methods, aqua regia microwave digestion, sequential chemical extraction, and X-ray diffraction analysis with the objective of providing a better understanding of chemical forms and potential reactivity of selected trace elements (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, P, Pb). Surface horizons of soils are more acidic than subsoils, with pH for all horizons ranging from 4.0 to 8.7. Beaverell is the most contaminated in the upper 20 cm with the sum of total extractable (SUM sub(TE)) trace elements by microwave digestion ranging from 1836 to 3605 mg kg super(-1), largest H sub(2)O-soluble (WS) and exchangeable (EX) fractions (e.g. 1.6 and 9.3%, respectively), and smallest residual (RES) fraction (e.g. 14.3%). Cetrack has greater SUM sub(TE) elements than Judco, though a lower WS+EX fraction due to the effects of alkaline pH, carbonates and high P. Oxide (OX), organic matter/sulfide (OM/S), and RES fractions predominate over WS, EX, and specially-sorbed/carbonate-bound fractions (SS/CAR) for all horizons. Copper, Zn, Pb and Cd are elevated in surface over subsurface horizons in these latter fractions, indicating these elements were anthropogenic additions. X-ray data indicate that Pb, Cu, Cr and Cd partially exists as both OX and sulfide mineral forms. JF - Advances in Environmental Research AU - Burt, R AU - Wilson, MA AU - Keck, T J AU - Dougherty, B D AU - Strom, DE AU - Lindahl, JA AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA-NRCS), Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, NE 68508, USA, rebecca.burt@nssc.nrcs.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 51 EP - 67 VL - 8 IS - 1 SN - 1093-0191, 1093-0191 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Fractionation KW - Heavy metals KW - Anthropogenic KW - Chemical speciation KW - USA, Montana, Anaconda KW - Soil contamination KW - USA, Montana, Deer Lodge Valley KW - Smelters KW - Sampling methods KW - Trace elements KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16156117?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+Environmental+Research&rft.atitle=Trace+element+speciation+in+selected+smelter-contaminated+soils+in+Anaconda+and+Deer+Lodge+Valley%2C+Montana%2C+USA&rft.au=Burt%2C+R%3BWilson%2C+MA%3BKeck%2C+T+J%3BDougherty%2C+B+D%3BStrom%2C+DE%3BLindahl%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Burt&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+Environmental+Research&rft.issn=10930191&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1093-0191%2802%2900140-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chemical speciation; Soil contamination; Smelters; Sampling methods; Trace elements; USA, Montana, Anaconda; USA, Montana, Deer Lodge Valley DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1093-0191(02)00140-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sample preparation and presampling of pistachios. AN - 73653687; 13129318 AB - A theory has been developed to quantify the reduction of subsample variance of aflatoxin contamination, which is observed when granular materials are wet slurried, rather than dry ground, during subsample homogenization. A coefficient of variation, based on particle size distribution, subsample size, and probability of contamination, is predicted. The theory is tested with dry ground and with wet slurried pistachios, and excellent quantitative agreement is obtained. A 32% increase in the mean aflatoxin level is observed as well when wet slurrying is applied. Although no statistical explanation for this effect can be found, it is suggested that it is related to physiochemical binding between the nut matrix, which is (partly) broken by wet slurrying, and aflatoxin, making the extraction of more toxin possible. Other parameters that may affect slurrying results have been investigated as well. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Schatzki, Thomas F AU - Toyofuku, Natsuko AD - Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA. tom@pw.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/09/24/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Sep 24 SP - 6068 EP - 6072 VL - 51 IS - 20 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Plant Extracts KW - Index Medicus KW - Chemistry, Physical KW - Particle Size KW - Chemical Phenomena KW - Plant Extracts -- chemistry KW - Aflatoxins -- analysis KW - Chemistry Techniques, Analytical -- methods KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Pistacia -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73653687?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Sample+preparation+and+presampling+of+pistachios.&rft.au=Schatzki%2C+Thomas+F%3BToyofuku%2C+Natsuko&rft.aulast=Schatzki&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2003-09-24&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=20&rft.spage=6068&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-27 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ionizing radiation induces formation of malondialdehyde, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde from carbohydrates and organic acid. AN - 73562449; 13129299 AB - A study was conducted to investigate irradiation-induced formation of malondialdehyde (MDA), formaldehyde (FA), and acetaldehyde (ACT) from fructose, sucrose, glucose, and malic acid solutions. MDA and FA were generated from the carbohydrate solutions upon irradiation while little was formed from malic acid solution. On the other hand, a much higher amount of ACT was formed from malic acid than from the carbohydrate solutions. The G values (number of molecules formed per 100 eV radiation) for MDA were 0.042, 0.0066, and 0.0026 from 0.9 mg mL(-1) fructose, sucrose, and glucose solutions at pH 3.5, respectively. The G values for FA formation were 0.134, 0.233, and 0.0081 from the fructose, sucrose, and glucose solutions, respectively. As concentration of sugars in solutions increased from 0 to 90 mg mL(-1), the formation of these compounds increased rapidly. A further increase in sugar concentration from 90 to 900 mg mL(-1) resulted in a lower rate of increase in MDA and FA formation. pH had a profound effect on the irradiation-induced formation of these compounds from carbohydrates, especially on MDA formation. The minimum amount of MDA from fructose and glucose solutions was observed at pH 5 while formation of MDA from sucrose solution decreased as pH decreased from 7 to 2. The results can be used by the food industry to optimize food formulation in order to minimize formation of these compounds. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Fan, Xuetong AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA. xfan@errc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/09/24/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Sep 24 SP - 5946 EP - 5949 VL - 51 IS - 20 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Carbohydrates KW - 0 KW - Malates KW - Solutions KW - Formaldehyde KW - 1HG84L3525 KW - Malondialdehyde KW - 4Y8F71G49Q KW - malic acid KW - 817L1N4CKP KW - Acetaldehyde KW - GO1N1ZPR3B KW - Index Medicus KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Food Irradiation -- adverse effects KW - Malondialdehyde -- chemistry KW - Malates -- chemistry KW - Formaldehyde -- chemistry KW - Carbohydrates -- chemistry KW - Acetaldehyde -- chemistry KW - Radiation, Ionizing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73562449?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Ionizing+radiation+induces+formation+of+malondialdehyde%2C+formaldehyde%2C+and+acetaldehyde+from+carbohydrates+and+organic+acid.&rft.au=Fan%2C+Xuetong&rft.aulast=Fan&rft.aufirst=Xuetong&rft.date=2003-09-24&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=20&rft.spage=5946&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-27 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Localization of a bacterial protein in starch granules of transgenic maize kernels AN - 18936364; 5717268 AB - The B subunit of Escherichia coli heat labile enterotoxin (LT-B) is a potent oral immunogen with potential for use as a vaccine, a carrier molecule to deliver antigens to gut-associated lymphoid tissues, and possibly an adjuvant to make coadministered vaccines more effective. LT-B produced in plants was shown to be functional and immunogenic in animals and humans. In this work, we show that maize-derived LT-B is strongly associated with starch granules in endosperm. Using immunogold labeling/electron microscopy, cell fractionation, and protein analysis techniques, we observed that LT-B protein could be detected both internally and externally in starch granules. This strong association confers an effective copurification of the antigen with the starch fraction of maize kernels, thermostability desirable in maize processing, and resistance to peptic degradation in simulated gastric fluid digests, an important attribute for an orally delivered antigen. JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA AU - Chikwamba, R K AU - Scott, M P AU - Mejia, L B AU - Mason, H S AU - Wang, K AD - Plant Transformation Facility and United States Department of Agriculture- Agricultural Research Station, Department of Agronomy, and Interdisciplinary Genetics Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1010, kanwang@iastate.edu Y1 - 2003/09/16/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Sep 16 SP - 11127 EP - 11132 PB - National Academy of Sciences, 2101 Constitution Ave. Washington DC 20418 USA VL - 100 IS - 19 SN - 0027-8424, 0027-8424 KW - maize KW - starch KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Granules KW - Bacteria KW - Transgenic plants KW - Zea mays KW - Kernels KW - Proteins KW - Electron microscopy KW - W3 33340:Other proteins, peptides, amino acids KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 310:Agricultural Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18936364?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+USA&rft.atitle=Localization+of+a+bacterial+protein+in+starch+granules+of+transgenic+maize+kernels&rft.au=Chikwamba%2C+R+K%3BScott%2C+M+P%3BMejia%2C+L+B%3BMason%2C+H+S%3BWang%2C+K&rft.aulast=Chikwamba&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-09-16&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=19&rft.spage=11127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+USA&rft.issn=00278424&rft_id=info:doi/10.1073%2Fpnas.1836901100 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; Granules; Proteins; Bacteria; Electron microscopy; Kernels; Transgenic plants DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1836901100 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of simulated rainfall and weathering on release of preservative elements from CCA treated wood. AN - 75727551; 14524438 AB - The release of arsenic from wood pressure-treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA) can be decreased by application of wood finishes, but little is known about the types of finishes that are best suited for this purpose. This study evaluated the effects of finish water repellent content and ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the release of arsenic, copper, and chromium from CCA-treated wood exposed to simulated rainfall. Deck boards treated with CCA were either left unfinished or dipped in a finish prepared with 1%, 3%, or 5% water repellent. All specimens were exposed to leaching from simulated rainfall, and a subset of specimens was also exposed to UV radiation. The rainfall was collected and analyzed for total elemental arsenic, copper, and chromium. The water repellent significantly decreased the amounts of these elements in the runoff, but for the short duration of this study there was no difference among the three water repellent concentrations. It is possible that water repellent content would have a greater effect over a longer exposure period. Exposure to UV radiation caused a significant increase in leaching from both finished and unfinished specimens. This effect may be a result of increased surface area during weathering as well as loss of fibers caused by UV-induced surface erosion. JF - Environmental science & technology AU - Lebow, Stan AU - Williams, R Sam AU - Lebow, Patricia AD - USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53726-2398, USA. slebow@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/09/15/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Sep 15 SP - 4077 EP - 4082 VL - 37 IS - 18 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Arsenates KW - 0 KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Chromium KW - 0R0008Q3JB KW - chromated copper arsenate KW - 37337-13-6 KW - Copper KW - 789U1901C5 KW - Arsenic KW - N712M78A8G KW - Index Medicus KW - Ultraviolet Rays KW - Solubility KW - Wood KW - Arsenic -- chemistry KW - Arsenic -- analysis KW - Arsenates -- chemistry KW - Chromium -- chemistry KW - Chromium -- analysis KW - Copper -- analysis KW - Rain KW - Copper -- chemistry KW - Soil Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75727551?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+science+%26+technology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+simulated+rainfall+and+weathering+on+release+of+preservative+elements+from+CCA+treated+wood.&rft.au=Lebow%2C+Stan%3BWilliams%2C+R+Sam%3BLebow%2C+Patricia&rft.aulast=Lebow&rft.aufirst=Stan&rft.date=2003-09-15&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=4077&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+science+%26+technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-28 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An ultrastructural comparison of spores from various strains of Clostridium perfringens and correlations with heat resistance parameters. AN - 73577550; 12915035 AB - It has been shown that Clostridium perfringens isolates associated with food poisoning carry a chromosomal cpe gene, whereas nonfood-borne human gastrointestinal disease isolates carry a plasmid cpe gene. In addition, the chromosomal cpe gene isolates exhibit greater heat resistance as compared with the plasmid cpe strains. Therefore, the current study conducted ultrastructural measurements of spores from several plasmid and chromosomal cpe-positive C. perfringens isolates. In support of the dehydration mechanism of spore heat resistance, the C. perfringens spore core average size was found to show a negative correlation with D-values for spores obtained at 100 degrees C. Dipicolinic acid (DPA) concentrations assayed for the spores did not correlate well with C. perfringens spore core averages nor with D(10)-values at 100 degrees C. Spore core thickness might be a distinguishing phenotypic characteristic used to identify heat resistance and survival potential of C. perfringens in improperly cooked foods. JF - International journal of food microbiology AU - Novak, J S AU - Juneja, V K AU - McClane, B A AD - Agriculture Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA. jnovak@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2003/09/15/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Sep 15 SP - 239 EP - 247 VL - 86 IS - 3 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Microbiology KW - Genome, Bacterial KW - Plasmids -- genetics KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Plasmids -- physiology KW - Microscopy, Electron KW - Hot Temperature KW - Clostridium perfringens -- physiology KW - Spores, Bacterial -- ultrastructure KW - Clostridium perfringens -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73577550?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+food+microbiology&rft.atitle=An+ultrastructural+comparison+of+spores+from+various+strains+of+Clostridium+perfringens+and+correlations+with+heat+resistance+parameters.&rft.au=Novak%2C+J+S%3BJuneja%2C+V+K%3BMcClane%2C+B+A&rft.aulast=Novak&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-09-15&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=239&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+food+microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-27 N1 - Date created - 2003-08-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simultaneous analysis of phytohormones, phytotoxins, and volatile organic compounds in plants AN - 19811614; 5707863 AB - Phytohormones regulate the protective responses of plants against both biotic and abiotic stresses by means of synergistic or antagonistic actions referred to as signaling crosstalk. A bottleneck in crosstalk research is the quantification of numerous interacting phytohormones and regulators. The chemical analysis of salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, and abscisic acid is typically achieved by using separate and complex methodologies. Moreover, pathogen-produced phytohormone mimics, such as the phytotoxin coronatine (COR), have not been directly quantified in plant tissues. We address these problems by using a simple preparation and a GC-MS-based metabolic profiling approach. Plant tissue is extracted in aqueous 1-propanol and mixed with dichloromethane. Carboxylic acids present in the organic layer are methylated by using trimethylsilyldiazomethane; analytes are volatilized under heat, collected on a polymeric absorbent, and eluted with solvent into a sample vial. Analytes are separated by using gas chromatography and quantified by using chemical-ionization mass spectrometry that produces predominantly [M+H] super(+) parent ions. We use this technique to examine levels of COR, phytohormones, and volatile organic compounds in model systems, including Arabidopsis thaliana during infection with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, corn (Zea mays) under herbivory by corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) after mechanical damage, and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) during drought stress. Numerous complex changes induced by pathogen infection, including the accumulation of COR, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, and abscisic acid illustrate the potential and simplicity of this approach in quantifying signaling crosstalk interactions that occur at the level of synthesis and accumulation. JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA AU - Schmelz, E A AU - Engelberth, J AU - Alborn, H T AU - O'Donnell, P AU - Sammons, M AU - Toshima, H AU - Tumlinson III, JH AD - Center of Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, U. S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, 1600/1700 Southwest 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, eschmelz@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu Y1 - 2003/09/02/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Sep 02 SP - 10552 EP - 10557 PB - National Academy of Sciences, 2101 Constitution Ave. Washington DC 20418 USA VL - 100 IS - 18 SN - 0027-8424, 0027-8424 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Plant Biology KW - Plant protection KW - Herbivory KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - Infection KW - Mass spectroscopy KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - Arabidopsis thaliana KW - Zea mays KW - Gas chromatography KW - carboxylic acids KW - Droughts KW - Pseudomonas syringae KW - Ions KW - Abscisic acid KW - Phytotoxins KW - Solvents KW - Stress KW - Pathogens KW - Nicotiana tabacum KW - Jasmonic acid KW - Salicylic acid KW - Dichloromethane KW - Coronatine KW - Heat KW - volatile organic compounds KW - Plant extracts KW - Signal transduction KW - J 02420:Plant Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19811614?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+USA&rft.atitle=Simultaneous+analysis+of+phytohormones%2C+phytotoxins%2C+and+volatile+organic+compounds+in+plants&rft.au=Schmelz%2C+E+A%3BEngelberth%2C+J%3BAlborn%2C+H+T%3BO%27Donnell%2C+P%3BSammons%2C+M%3BToshima%2C+H%3BTumlinson+III%2C+JH&rft.aulast=Schmelz&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-09-02&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=10552&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+USA&rft.issn=00278424&rft_id=info:doi/10.1073%2Fpnas.1633615100 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ions; Plant protection; Abscisic acid; Phytotoxins; Herbivory; Solvents; Stress; Pathogens; Infection; Jasmonic acid; Salicylic acid; Mass spectroscopy; Dichloromethane; Coronatine; Gas chromatography; Heat; carboxylic acids; volatile organic compounds; Plant extracts; Droughts; Signal transduction; Lycopersicon esculentum; Arabidopsis thaliana; Zea mays; Helicoverpa zea; Nicotiana tabacum; Pseudomonas syringae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1633615100 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variation in morphological and biochemical O3 injury attributes of mature Jeffrey pine within canopies and between microsites. AN - 75760023; 14532016 AB - Crown morphology and leaf tissue chemical and biochemical attributes associated with ozone (O3) injury were assessed in the lower, mid- and upper canopy of Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf.) growing in mesic and xeric microsites in Sequoia National Park, California. Microsites were designated mesic or xeric based on topography and bole growth in response to years of above-average precipitation. In mesic microsites, canopy response to O3 was characterized by thinner branches, earlier needle fall, less chlorotic leaf mottling, and lower foliar antioxidant capacity, especially of the aqueous fraction. In xeric microsites, canopy response to O3 was characterized by higher chlorotic leaf mottling, shorter needles, lower needle chlorophyll concentration, and greater foliar antioxidant capacity. Increased leaf chlorotic mottle in xeric microsites was related to drought stress and increased concurrent internal production of highly reactive oxygen species, and not necessarily to stomatal O3 uptake. Within-canopy position also influenced the expression of O3 injury in Jeffrey pine. JF - Tree physiology AU - Grulke, N E AU - Johnson, R AU - Monschein, S AU - Nikolova, P AU - Tausz, M AD - Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 4955 Canyon Crest Drive, Riverside, CA 92507, USA. ngrulke@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - September 2003 SP - 923 EP - 929 VL - 23 IS - 13 SN - 0829-318X, 0829-318X KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - Index Medicus KW - Plant Leaves -- physiology KW - Plant Leaves -- anatomy & histology KW - Trees -- physiology KW - Pinus -- physiology KW - Ozone -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75760023?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tree+physiology&rft.atitle=Variation+in+morphological+and+biochemical+O3+injury+attributes+of+mature+Jeffrey+pine+within+canopies+and+between+microsites.&rft.au=Grulke%2C+N+E%3BJohnson%2C+R%3BMonschein%2C+S%3BNikolova%2C+P%3BTausz%2C+M&rft.aulast=Grulke&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=923&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tree+physiology&rft.issn=0829318X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-07-11 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Laboratory evaluation of toxicity of 16 insect repellents in aerosol sprays to adult mosquitoes. AN - 75742297; 14524551 AB - Sixteen commercial insect repellents (6 botanical and 10 synthetic organic products) in spray formulations were evaluated in the laboratory for adult knockdown (KD) and mortality of laboratory-reared female Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, and Anopheles quadrimaculatus. All tested products produced significant posttreatment KD and 24 h mortality of all 3 mosquito species. In our study, the synthetic organic repellents induced faster KD and KD of higher magnitude in adult mosquitoes than the botanical product repellents except geraniol-based MosquitoSafe. All tested formulations except 2 botanical repellent products caused 100% 24 h mortality of Ae. aegypti and all but 1 caused 100% 24 h mortality of Ae. albolpictus and An. quadrimaculatus. JF - Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association AU - Xue, Rui-De AU - Ali, Arshad AU - Barnard, Donald R AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, PO Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA. Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - September 2003 SP - 271 EP - 274 VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 8756-971X, 8756-971X KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Insect Repellents KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Age Factors KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Mosquito Control KW - Culicidae KW - Insect Repellents -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75742297?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.atitle=Laboratory+evaluation+of+toxicity+of+16+insect+repellents+in+aerosol+sprays+to+adult+mosquitoes.&rft.au=Xue%2C+Rui-De%3BAli%2C+Arshad%3BBarnard%2C+Donald+R&rft.aulast=Xue&rft.aufirst=Rui-De&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.issn=8756971X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-21 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of Campylobacter within a swine slaughter and processing facility. AN - 75707010; 14503704 AB - In this work, the occurrence of Campylobacter in a swine slaughter and processing facility was studied. Thirty composite carcass samples, representing 360 swine carcasses, were taken immediately after exsanguination, immediately after polishing, after the final wash, and after overnight chilling at 2 degrees C. Thirty matching composite rectal samples were also taken immediately after exsanguination, and 60 nonmatching individual colon samples were collected from the same lot of swine during evisceration. Also, 72 environmental samples were collected from equipment used in the slaughter operation (42 samples) and the processing operation (30 samples). Campylobacter was isolated by direct plating on Campy-Line agar (CLA) or Campy-Cefex agar (CCA), as well as by Bolton broth enrichment and subsequent inoculation onto CLA or CCA. For all four recovery methods combined, Campylobacter was detected on 33% (10 of 30) of the composite carcasses immediately after exsanguination, 0% (0 of 30) after polishing, 7% (2 of 30) immediately before chilling, and 0% (0 of 30) after overnight chilling. The pathogen was recovered from 100% (30 of 30) of the composite rectal samples and 80% (48 of 60) of the individual colon samples. Campylobacter was detected in 4.8% (2 of 42) and 3.3% (1 of 30) of the slaughter and processing equipment samples, respectively. The recovery rate achieved with direct plating on CLA was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those achieved with the other three recovery methods. For the 202 isolates recovered from all of the various samples tested, Campylobacter coli was the predominant species (75%) and was followed by Campylobacter spp. (24%) and Campylobacter jejuni (1%). These results indicate that although Campylobacter is highly prevalent in the intestinal tracts of swine arriving at the slaughter facility, this microorganism does not progress through the slaughtering operation and is not detectable on carcasses after overnight chilling. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Pearce, R A AU - Wallace, F M AU - Call, J E AU - Dudley, R L AU - Oser, A AU - Yoder, L AU - Sheridan, J J AU - Luchansky, J B AD - Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - September 2003 SP - 1550 EP - 1556 VL - 66 IS - 9 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Feces -- microbiology KW - Animals KW - Equipment Contamination KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Abattoirs KW - Swine Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Campylobacter Infections -- veterinary KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Campylobacter Infections -- epidemiology KW - Colon -- microbiology KW - Swine Diseases -- microbiology KW - Prevalence KW - Swine -- microbiology KW - Food Microbiology KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Food-Processing Industry KW - Campylobacter -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75707010?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+Campylobacter+within+a+swine+slaughter+and+processing+facility.&rft.au=Pearce%2C+R+A%3BWallace%2C+F+M%3BCall%2C+J+E%3BDudley%2C+R+L%3BOser%2C+A%3BYoder%2C+L%3BSheridan%2C+J+J%3BLuchansky%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Pearce&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1550&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-11-07 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enumeration of Campylobacter spp. in broiler feces and in corresponding processed carcasses. AN - 75706725; 14503705 AB - Twenty north Georgia commercial flocks of broiler chickens sampled in 1995 and 11 flocks sampled in 2001 were tested for Campylobacter spp. Direct plating on Campy-Cefex agar was carried out to determine levels of Campylobacter colonization within each flock through the enumeration of the organism in 50 fresh fecal samples 1 day prior to slaughter. The next morning, these flocks were the first to be processed, and levels of the organism per carcass before the chilling operation (50 carcasses per flock) in 2001 and after the chilling operation (50 carcasses per flock) in both 1995 and 2001 were estimated. Levels of the organism on freshly processed broiler carcasses were estimated by the same methods in 1995 and 2001, and a significant reduction from an average of 10(4.11) CFU per carcass in 1995 to an average of 10(3.05) CFU per carcass in 2001 was observed. Levels of Campylobacter spp. found in production and in processing were not strongly correlative, indicating the existence of complex parameters involving production factors and variables associated with flock transport and the processing of the broilers. The reduction in Campylobacter levels on processed carcasses may have contributed to the reduction in the frequency of human disease observed by the Centers for Disease Control during the same period. These data characterize the distribution of Campylobacter in north Georgia poultry operations and should assist in the development of risk assessment models for Campylobacter spp. The results obtained in this study suggest that the implementation of antimicrobial interventions by the poultry industry has already reduced consumer exposure to the organism. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Stern, N J AU - Robach, M C AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Poultry Microbiological Safety Research Unit, Russell Research Center, 950 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA. nstern@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - September 2003 SP - 1557 EP - 1563 VL - 66 IS - 9 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Risk Assessment KW - Feces -- microbiology KW - Campylobacter -- growth & development KW - Food Microbiology KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Chickens -- microbiology KW - Campylobacter -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75706725?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Enumeration+of+Campylobacter+spp.+in+broiler+feces+and+in+corresponding+processed+carcasses.&rft.au=Stern%2C+N+J%3BRobach%2C+M+C&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1557&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-11-07 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inactivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with radio frequency electric fields. AN - 75706096; 14503732 AB - The application of radio frequency (RF) electric fields as a nonthermal alternative to thermal inactivation of microorganisms in liquids was investigated. A novel RF system producing frequencies in the range of 20 to 60 kHz was developed. Electric field strengths of 20 and 30 kV/cm were applied to suspensions of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in water over a temperature range of 35 to 55 degrees C. The flow rate was 1.2 liters/min. The S. cerevisiae population was reduced by 2.1 +/- 0.1 log units following exposure to a 30-kV/cm field at 40 degrees C. The results of the present study provide the first evidence that strong RF electric fields inactivate microorganisms at moderately low temperatures. Increasing the field strength, the number of treatments, and the temperature enhanced inactivation. Frequency had no effect on inactivation over the range of frequencies studied. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Geveke, David J AU - Brunkhorst, Christopher AD - US. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. dgeveke@errc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - September 2003 SP - 1712 EP - 1715 VL - 66 IS - 9 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Microbiology KW - Electric Conductivity KW - Temperature KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Radio Waves KW - Beverages -- microbiology KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- growth & development KW - Electric Stimulation KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- radiation effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75706096?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Inactivation+of+Saccharomyces+cerevisiae+with+radio+frequency+electric+fields.&rft.au=Geveke%2C+David+J%3BBrunkhorst%2C+Christopher&rft.aulast=Geveke&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1712&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-11-07 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The influence of temperature, relative humidity and rainfall on the occurrence of pollen allergens (Betula, Poaceae, Ambrosia artemisiifolia) in the atmosphere of Bratislava (Slovakia). AN - 75703829; 12690548 AB - The occurrence of pollen grains in the atmosphere markedly relates to meteorological factors. In the study we have evaluated a correlation between the concentration of pollen grains in the atmosphere of Bratislava and temperature, relative humidity and rainfall during the vegetation period of 1995 and 1997. For our analysis we have selected one representative of each phytoallergen group (trees, grasses, weeds). We have chosen the Betula genus of trees, the whole Poaceae family of grasses and ragweed Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. to represent weeds. The taxons mentioned represent the most significant allergens in Slovakia. The concentration of pollen grains has been monitored by a Lanzoni volumetric pollen trap. The data obtained, the average daily concentration in 1 m(3), have been included in the statistical analysis together with values for the average daily temperature, relative humidity and total rainfall in 24 h. The correlation between the concentration of pollen grains in the atmosphere and selected meteorological variables from daily monitoring has been studied with the help of linear regression and correlation coefficients. We have found the average daily temperature and relative humidity (less than temperature) to be significant factors influencing the occurrence of pollen grains in the atmosphere of Bratislava. The total daily rainfall does not seem to be significant from the statistical point of view. JF - International journal of biometeorology AU - Bartková-Scevková, J AD - Prírodovedecká fakulta Univerzity Komenského, Katedra ekosozológie, Mlynská dolina B2, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia. bartkova@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - September 2003 SP - 1 EP - 5 VL - 48 IS - 1 SN - 0020-7128, 0020-7128 KW - Allergens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Ambrosia KW - Slovakia KW - Betula KW - Poaceae KW - Temperature KW - Humidity KW - Rain KW - Allergens -- analysis KW - Pollen UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75703829?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+biometeorology&rft.atitle=The+influence+of+temperature%2C+relative+humidity+and+rainfall+on+the+occurrence+of+pollen+allergens+%28Betula%2C+Poaceae%2C+Ambrosia+artemisiifolia%29+in+the+atmosphere+of+Bratislava+%28Slovakia%29.&rft.au=Bartkov%C3%A1-Scevkov%C3%A1%2C+J&rft.aulast=Bartkov%C3%A1-Scevkov%C3%A1&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+biometeorology&rft.issn=00207128&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-02-19 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of organic acids and hydrogen peroxide on Cryptosporidium parvum viability in fruit juices. AN - 75701488; 14503720 AB - Cryptosporidium parvum has historically been associated with waterborne outbreaks of diarrheal illness. Foodborne cryptosporidiosis has been associated with unpasteurized apple cider. Infectious oocysts are shed in the feces of common ruminants like cattle and deer in and near orchards. In this study, the ability of organic acids and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) added to fruit juice to inhibit the survival of C. parvum was analyzed. Oocyst viability was analyzed by a cell culture infectivity assay with the use of a human ileocecal cell line (HCT-8) whose infectivity pattern is similar to that for human oral infectivity. Cell monolayers were infected with 10(6) treated oocysts or a series of 10-fold dilutions. Parasitic life stages were visualized through immunohistochemistry with 100 microscope fields per monolayer being counted. In vitro excystation assays were also used to evaluate these treatments. Organic acids and H2O2 were added to apple cider, orange juice, and grape juices on a weight/volume basis. Malic, citric, and tartaric acids at concentrations of 1 to 5% inhibited C. parvum's infectivity of HCT-8 cells by up to 88%. Concentrations ranging from 0.025 to 3% H2O2 were evaluated. The addition of 0.025% H2O2 to each juice resulted in a >5-log reduction of C. parvum infectivity as determined with a most-probable-number-based cell culture infectivity assay. As observed with differential interference contrast and scanning electron microscopy, reduced infectivity may be mediated through effects on the oocyst wall that are caused by the action of H2O2 or related oxygen radicals. The addition of low concentrations of H2O2 can represent a valuable alternative to pasteurization. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Kniel, Kalmia E AU - Sumner, Susan S AU - Lindsay, David S AU - Hackney, Cameron R AU - Pierson, Merle D AU - Zajac, Anne M AU - Golden, David A AU - Fayer, Ronald AD - Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA. kkniel@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - September 2003 SP - 1650 EP - 1657 VL - 66 IS - 9 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Malates KW - 0 KW - Tartrates KW - Citric Acid KW - 2968PHW8QP KW - malic acid KW - 817L1N4CKP KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - tartaric acid KW - W4888I119H KW - Index Medicus KW - Citric Acid -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Parasitic Sensitivity Tests KW - Biological Assay KW - Food Parasitology KW - Oocysts -- growth & development KW - Tartrates -- pharmacology KW - Malates -- pharmacology KW - Cattle KW - Life Cycle Stages -- drug effects KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Treatment Outcome KW - Oocysts -- drug effects KW - Cryptosporidium parvum -- growth & development KW - Cryptosporidium parvum -- drug effects KW - Beverages -- parasitology KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- pharmacology KW - Fruit -- parasitology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75701488?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Effect+of+organic+acids+and+hydrogen+peroxide+on+Cryptosporidium+parvum+viability+in+fruit+juices.&rft.au=Kniel%2C+Kalmia+E%3BSumner%2C+Susan+S%3BLindsay%2C+David+S%3BHackney%2C+Cameron+R%3BPierson%2C+Merle+D%3BZajac%2C+Anne+M%3BGolden%2C+David+A%3BFayer%2C+Ronald&rft.aulast=Kniel&rft.aufirst=Kalmia&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1650&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-11-07 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of weep and carcass rinses for recovery of Campylobacter from retail broiler carcasses. AN - 75700371; 14503734 AB - Campylobacter is frequently recovered from broiler carcasses. Carcass rinsing is a commonly used procedure for isolating Campylobacter from poultry. A viscous fluid, or weep, exudes from broiler carcasses that have been packaged. This fluid can contain bacteria that were attached to the carcass and represents a potential means of detecting Campylobacter-contaminated carcasses through cultural analysis. Experiments were conducted to compare the efficacy of a weep sampling method with that of a carcass rinse method. For both trials, retail carcasses were purchased. Packages were opened, and 0.1-ml aliquots of weep fluid from the retail packages were plated onto Campy-cefex agar. Carcasses were removed from the package and rinsed in 100 ml of sterile water. Next, 0.1-ml aliquots of the rinsate were plated onto Campy-cefex agar and incubated. In a second experiment, samples were both directly plated and enriched in Bolton enrichment broth. In the first experiment, 35 of 60 carcass rinses tested positive for Campylobacter, while 29 of 60 weep samples yielded Campylobacter isolates with levels of 1.0 and 1.1 log CFU/ml, respectively. In the second experiment, Campylobacter was recovered from 9 of 40 rinse samples and from 13 of 40 weep samples by direct plating, while the organism was recovered from 28 of 40 rinses samples and from 23 of 40 carcass samples by enrichment. There was no significant difference between the two methods with respect to Campylobacter prevalence as determined by the chi-square test. Campylobacter levels recovered by both methods averaged 0.9 log CFU/ml. The sampling of weep fluid was a simple, effective means of detecting this important human enteropathogen on broiler carcasses. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Musgrove, Michael T AU - Cox, Nelson A AU - Berrang, Mark E AU - Harrison, Mark A AD - Poultry Processing and Meat Quality Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service--U.S. Department of Agriculture, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA. mmusgrov@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - September 2003 SP - 1720 EP - 1723 VL - 66 IS - 9 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Prevalence KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Chickens -- microbiology KW - Campylobacter -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75700371?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+weep+and+carcass+rinses+for+recovery+of+Campylobacter+from+retail+broiler+carcasses.&rft.au=Musgrove%2C+Michael+T%3BCox%2C+Nelson+A%3BBerrang%2C+Mark+E%3BHarrison%2C+Mark+A&rft.aulast=Musgrove&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1720&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-11-07 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Contract NGOs in Community-Based Forest Management in the Philippines AN - 755132337; 13626476 AB - Qualitative research methods were used to assess the effectiveness of contract non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the Philippines at providing services, using participatory methods, and building the capacity of community-based forest management (CBFM) groups. The analysis is based on data from four CBFM sites in the Philippines. The findings suggest that contract NGOs have varying degrees of effectiveness at delivering services, using and encouraging participatory methods, and helping build the capacity of CBFM groups. Because the CBFM program was new, it focused on relatively more straightforward technical and planning functions. The high number and technical difficulty of deliverables, coupled with lack of experience in resource management on the part of some contract NGOs, may have contributed to relatively lower performance in service delivery activities. Contract NGOs performed better in the area of participatory methods, reflecting their experience in grassroots and community development. Capacity-building performance was as expected, relative to the participatory and service-delivery categories. Capacity building activities require long-term commitment and unique sets of skills, and are therefore challenging for the NGOs to implement. More attention to designing feasible and effective contracts is needed. Because CBFM is a long-term strategy, we recommend greater levels of support to help groups develop collective interests in forest resource management and build the capacity to satisfy programmatic requirements. JF - Journal of Sustainable Forestry AU - Donoghue, Ellen M AU - Cubbage, Frederick W AU - Mercer, DEvan AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR, USA Y1 - 2003/09/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Sep 01 SP - 47 EP - 73 PB - Taylor & Francis Group Ltd., 2 Park Square Oxford OX14 4RN UK VL - 17 IS - 4 SN - 1054-9811, 1054-9811 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - Resource management KW - Data processing KW - Non-governmental organizations KW - Forestry KW - Community development KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/755132337?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Sustainable+Forestry&rft.atitle=Contract+NGOs+in+Community-Based+Forest+Management+in+the+Philippines&rft.au=Donoghue%2C+Ellen+M%3BCubbage%2C+Frederick+W%3BMercer%2C+DEvan&rft.aulast=Donoghue&rft.aufirst=Ellen&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Sustainable+Forestry&rft.issn=10549811&rft_id=info:doi/10.1300%2FJ091v17n04_04 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Forest management; Resource management; Data processing; Non-governmental organizations; Community development; Forestry DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J091v17n04_04 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 4,4'-Dinitrocarbanilide (DNC) concentrations in egg shells as a predictor of nicarbazin consumption and DNC dose in goose eggs. AN - 73643831; 12974358 AB - Nicarbazin is being investigated as an infertility agent for the control of non-migratory Canada geese (Branta canadensis L) populations. Nicarbazin is presently registered for use as a coccidiostat for poultry. Geese fed sufficient quantities of nicarbazin will lay non-viable eggs. We established nicarbazin consumption by measuring the concentration of a component of the formulation, 4,4'-dinitrocarbanilide (DNC) in the egg contents (yolk, albumin) in non-viable eggs. To estimate the nicarbazin consumption of birds that laid viable eggs (eggs that hatched or contained an embryo), a high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed to measure the concentration of DNC in egg shells. A statistically significant correlation was established using linear regression between the mean concentrations of DNC in the egg shell and in the egg contents in non-viable eggs. Viable eggs were estimated to contain lower levels of DNC than non-viable eggs. DNC concentrations in both the egg contents and the egg shell increased with increases in nicarbazin dose in feed. Our method allows for the estimation of nicarbazin consumption and DNC dose in eggs under field conditions, which is important in developing an effective infertility agent for over-abundant non-migratory goose populations. JF - Pest management science AU - Stahl, Randal S AU - VerCauteren, Kurt C AU - Kohler, Dennis AU - Johnston, John J AD - National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521, USA. randal.s.stahl@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - September 2003 SP - 1052 EP - 1056 VL - 59 IS - 9 SN - 1526-498X, 1526-498X KW - Carbanilides KW - 0 KW - Pyrimidinones KW - 2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine KW - 108-79-2 KW - Nicarbazin KW - 11P9NUA12U KW - 4,4'-dinitrocarbanilide KW - 9IDD210E75 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Animal Feed -- toxicity KW - Pyrimidinones -- metabolism KW - Fertility -- drug effects KW - Nicarbazin -- metabolism KW - Egg Shell -- metabolism KW - Nicarbazin -- toxicity KW - Geese -- metabolism KW - Carbanilides -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73643831?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pest+management+science&rft.atitle=4%2C4%27-Dinitrocarbanilide+%28DNC%29+concentrations+in+egg+shells+as+a+predictor+of+nicarbazin+consumption+and+DNC+dose+in+goose+eggs.&rft.au=Stahl%2C+Randal+S%3BVerCauteren%2C+Kurt+C%3BKohler%2C+Dennis%3BJohnston%2C+John+J&rft.aulast=Stahl&rft.aufirst=Randal&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1052&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pest+management+science&rft.issn=1526498X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-02-02 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of experimental chlorate product administration in the drinking water on Salmonella typhimurium contamination of broilers. AN - 73642524; 12967253 AB - The crop is a known source of Salmonella and Campylobacter contamination. Previously, we evaluated lactic acid in the drinking water during a simulated pretransport feed withdrawal (FW) and reported 0.44% lactic acid significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the number of Salmonella recovered in market-age broiler crops. However, total consumption of the organic acid-treated drinking water was reduced. Presently, we evaluated the effect of experimental chlorate product (ECP; 1x ECP is equivalent to a 15 mM chlorate ion concentration) during a 10-h pretransport FW. Market-age broilers were obtained from a commercial processing plant and randomly assigned to ECP-treated or control (nontreated) groups. Broilers were challenged by crop gavage with 10(8) Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) immediately upon arrival and 1 d prior to termination of the experiment. One day later, broilers were killed for ST enumeration (cfu) in the crop and ceca. Broilers provided ECP 24 h prior to slaughter consumed slightly more ECP water than broilers provided distilled water. Treatment with ECP caused a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the incidence of ST in crop contents (2%) as compared to the controls (36.7%). Similarly, ECP treatment caused a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in number of ST (0.96 log10 ST/g cecal content) detected in the ceca when compared to controls (2.52 log10 ST). This study suggested that incorporation of ECP in the drinking water 24 to 48 h prior to slaughter could reduce Salmonella contamination in broilers. JF - Poultry science AU - Byrd, J A AU - Anderson, R C AU - Callaway, T R AU - Moore, R W AU - Knape, K D AU - Kubena, L F AU - Ziprin, R L AU - Nisbet, D J AD - USDA-ARS, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, Texas 77845, USA. byrd@ffsru.tamu.edu Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - September 2003 SP - 1403 EP - 1406 VL - 82 IS - 9 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Chlorates KW - 0 KW - Lactic Acid KW - 33X04XA5AT KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Animals KW - Cecum -- microbiology KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- prevention & control KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- pathogenicity KW - Water Supply KW - Chickens -- microbiology KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- isolation & purification KW - Chlorates -- pharmacology KW - Crop, Avian -- microbiology KW - Lactic Acid -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73642524?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Effect+of+experimental+chlorate+product+administration+in+the+drinking+water+on+Salmonella+typhimurium+contamination+of+broilers.&rft.au=Byrd%2C+J+A%3BAnderson%2C+R+C%3BCallaway%2C+T+R%3BMoore%2C+R+W%3BKnape%2C+K+D%3BKubena%2C+L+F%3BZiprin%2C+R+L%3BNisbet%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Byrd&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1403&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-11-04 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Grazing of spotted locoweed (Astragalus lentiginosus) by cattle and horses in Arizona. AN - 73634331; 12968704 AB - Spotted locoweed (Astragalus lentiginosus var. diphysus) is a toxic, perennial plant that may, if sufficient precipitation occurs, dominate the herbaceous vegetation of pinyon-juniper woodlands on the Colorado Plateau. Six cow/calf pairs and four horses grazed a 20-ha pasture with dense patches of locoweed in eastern Arizona during spring 1998. Locoweed density was 0.7 plants/m2 in the pasture. Locoweed averaged 30.4% NDF and 18.4% CP. Concentrations of the locoweed toxin, swainsonine, fluctuated from 1.25 to 2 mg/g in locoweed. Horses ate more (P < 0.01) bites of locoweed than did cows (15.4 and 5.1% of bites, respectively). Horses generally increased locoweed consumption over time since they ate approximately 5% of bites in the preflower stage compared with 25% of bites in the pod stage. Cattle consumed almost no locoweed (< 1% of bites) until the pod stage, when they increased consumption to 15% of bites. Horses were very avid (approximately 65 to 95% of bites) in selecting the small quantities (approximately 40 to 150 kg/ha) of available green grass, and it appeared that their propensity to eat scarce green forage influenced their locoweed consumption as well. Horses ate relatively little dry grass, even when it was abundant, whereas cattle ate large amounts of dry grass until green grasses became more abundant. Calves began eating locoweed on the same day as their dams and ate approximately 20% of their bites as locoweed. Serum concentrations of swainsonine were higher (P < 0.05) in horses than in cattle (433 vs. 170 ng/mL, respectively). Baseline swainsonine was zero in all animals, but swainsonine was rapidly increased to above 800 ng/mL in serum of horses as they ate locoweed. Horses exhibited depression after eating locoweed for about 2 wk; after 5 wk of exposure, horses became anorectic and behaviorally unstable. Although limited in scope, this study indicates that horses should not be exposed to spotted locoweed. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Pfister, J A AU - Stegelmeier, B L AU - Gardner, D R AU - James, L F AD - ARS, USDA Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341, USA. jpfister@cc.usu.edu Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - September 2003 SP - 2285 EP - 2293 VL - 81 IS - 9 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Swainsonine KW - RSY4RK37KQ KW - Index Medicus KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Animals KW - Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena KW - Cattle KW - Animal Feed -- poisoning KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- poisoning KW - Arizona KW - Horses KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- blood KW - Anorexia -- veterinary KW - Anorexia -- chemically induced KW - Species Specificity KW - Male KW - Female KW - Cattle Diseases -- blood KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Swainsonine -- administration & dosage KW - Horse Diseases -- blood KW - Swainsonine -- poisoning KW - Swainsonine -- blood KW - Horse Diseases -- etiology KW - Plant Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Astragalus Plant -- chemistry KW - Astragalus Plant -- poisoning KW - Cattle Diseases -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73634331?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Grazing+of+spotted+locoweed+%28Astragalus+lentiginosus%29+by+cattle+and+horses+in+Arizona.&rft.au=Pfister%2C+J+A%3BStegelmeier%2C+B+L%3BGardner%2C+D+R%3BJames%2C+L+F&rft.aulast=Pfister&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2285&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-29 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alkylphenol and alkylphenol-ethoxylates in carp, water, and sediment from the Cuyahoga River, Ohio. AN - 73629076; 12967092 AB - The occurrence of alkylphenol and alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEs) was determined over a 74-mile length of the Cuyahoga River, Ohio. Measurable levels of both the octyl and nonyl forms of these abundantly used nonionic surfactants were observed with the nonylphenol (NP) plus nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEs) typically accounting for greater than 90% of the total APEs in each sample. For all media (water, fish, and sediment) the total NPE (NP + NPE) concentrations were higher in the more urbanized downstream section of the river. Maximum water and fish values were observed immediately downstream (2.1 miles) from the discharge of the Akron WWTP located 35.31 miles from the river mouth and the sediment maxima occurred at the most downstream site near Cleveland. The ranges in concentration fortotal NPEs and their ethoxylate (EO) makeup were as follows: 32-920 ug/kg wet wt (NP 0 to 2 EO) for carp; 0.13-1.0 ug/L (NP 0 to 3 EO) for water; and 250-1020 ug/kg dry wt (NP 0 to 5 EO) for sediment. When the higher ethoxymers (NP 6 to 17 EO) were added to these sediment totals, the average total estimated NPE concentrations were 1.3-1.8 times higher. JF - Environmental science & technology AU - Rice, Clifford P AU - Schmitz-Afonso, Isabelle AU - Loyo-Rosales, Jorge E AU - Link, Edward AU - Thoma, Roger AU - Fay, Laura AU - Altfater, Dave AU - Camp, Mary J AD - Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, Environmental Quality Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Building 007, Room 223, BARC-West, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, USA. ricec@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/09/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Sep 01 SP - 3747 EP - 3754 VL - 37 IS - 17 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Alkanes KW - 0 KW - Phenols KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Animals KW - Water -- chemistry KW - Geologic Sediments -- chemistry KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- analysis KW - Phenols -- pharmacokinetics KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- pharmacokinetics KW - Carps KW - Phenols -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73629076?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+science+%26+technology&rft.atitle=Alkylphenol+and+alkylphenol-ethoxylates+in+carp%2C+water%2C+and+sediment+from+the+Cuyahoga+River%2C+Ohio.&rft.au=Rice%2C+Clifford+P%3BSchmitz-Afonso%2C+Isabelle%3BLoyo-Rosales%2C+Jorge+E%3BLink%2C+Edward%3BThoma%2C+Roger%3BFay%2C+Laura%3BAltfater%2C+Dave%3BCamp%2C+Mary+J&rft.aulast=Rice&rft.aufirst=Clifford&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=3747&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+science+%26+technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-16 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Swine manure composition affects the biochemical origins, composition, and accumulation of odorous compounds. AN - 73619265; 12968686 AB - Odors from swine production facilities are associated with the storage and decomposition of manure. Diet is linked to manure composition and will likely affect odor, but the microbial mechanisms responsible for manure decomposition and odor production are poorly understood. To identify the sources of odor during manure fermentation, substrates (starch, casein, and cellulose) were added to slurries of fresh swine manure, and the anaerobic accumulation of fermentation products and the consumption of substrates were measured relative to no addition of substrates. Volatile fatty acids and alcohols were the dominant fermentation products in all treatments. The total VFA concentration from starch treatment was greater (P < 0.001) than for all other treatments. Branched-chain VFA and aromatic compounds accumulated in all treatments, but accumulation in the casein treatments was greater (P < 0.001) than in all other treatments. Thus, addition of carbohydrate to swine manure slurries did not circumvent protein fermentation, as was previously observed in cattle manure slurries. Based on substrate loss, starch and protein fermentation were equivalent in all treatments, with losses of each exceeding 4% of the DM. Substrate additions had a limited effect on the overall accumulation of odor compounds in manure and on odor compound composition. Compared with the results of the earlier fermentation study of fresh cattle manure, swine manure fermentation produced less lactate and more products of protein fermentation (branched-chain VFA and aromatic ring compounds). We hypothesize that differences in manure organic matter composition between cattle and swine, a result of diet and digestion, select for bacterial communities that are adapted to the available substrate composition. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Miller, D N AU - Varel, V H AD - U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, ARS, USDA, Clay Center, NE 68933-0166, USA. miller@email.marc.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - September 2003 SP - 2131 EP - 2138 VL - 81 IS - 9 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Fatty Acids, Volatile KW - 0 KW - Manure KW - Proteins KW - Starch KW - 9005-25-8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Animals KW - Animal Feed KW - Fermentation KW - Fatty Acids, Volatile -- analysis KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Time Factors KW - Odorants -- analysis KW - Manure -- analysis KW - Bacteria, Anaerobic -- metabolism KW - Starch -- metabolism KW - Proteins -- metabolism KW - Manure -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73619265?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Swine+manure+composition+affects+the+biochemical+origins%2C+composition%2C+and+accumulation+of+odorous+compounds.&rft.au=Miller%2C+D+N%3BVarel%2C+V+H&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-29 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dietary manganese intake and type of lipid do not affect clinical or neuropsychological measures in healthy young women. AN - 73610035; 12949376 AB - Because manganese (Mn) is potentially toxic, and because dietary fat type may affect Mn absorption, the objectives of the current study were to determine whether diets containing very low or very high amounts of Mn and enriched in either saturated or unsaturated fats affected measures of neuropsychological and basic metabolic function. Healthy young women were fed for 8 wk each, in a crossover design, diets that provided 0.8 or 20 mg of Mn/d. One half of the subjects received 15% of energy as cocoa butter, and one half received 15% of energy as corn oil. A meal containing (54)Mn was fed after 4 wk, and subjects underwent whole-body counting for the next 21 d. Blood draws and neuropsychological tests were administered at regular intervals during the dietary periods. When subjects consumed the diets low in Mn, compared with the high Mn diets, they absorbed a significantly higher percentage of (54)Mn, but had a significantly longer biological half-life of the absorbed (54)Mn. Manganese intake did not affect any neurological measures and only minimally affected psychologic variables. These data show that efficient mechanisms operate to maintain Mn homeostasis over the range of intakes that may be encountered in a mixed Western diet. Thus, dietary intakes of Mn from 0.8 to 20 mg for 8 wk likely do not result in Mn deficiency or toxicity signs in healthy adults. JF - The Journal of nutrition AU - Finley, John W AU - Penland, James G AU - Pettit, Ross E AU - Davis, Cindy D AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, USA. jfinley@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - September 2003 SP - 2849 EP - 2856 VL - 133 IS - 9 SN - 0022-3166, 0022-3166 KW - Dietary Fats KW - 0 KW - Radioisotopes KW - Manganese KW - 42Z2K6ZL8P KW - cocoa butter KW - 512OYT1CRR KW - Corn Oil KW - 8001-30-7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Reference Values KW - Half-Life KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Cross-Over Studies KW - Absorption KW - Middle Aged KW - Homeostasis KW - Neuropsychological Tests KW - Female KW - Manganese -- administration & dosage KW - Nervous System -- drug effects KW - Mental Health KW - Manganese -- pharmacokinetics KW - Diet UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73610035?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.atitle=Dietary+manganese+intake+and+type+of+lipid+do+not+affect+clinical+or+neuropsychological+measures+in+healthy+young+women.&rft.au=Finley%2C+John+W%3BPenland%2C+James+G%3BPettit%2C+Ross+E%3BDavis%2C+Cindy+D&rft.aulast=Finley&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=133&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2849&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.issn=00223166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-28 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phenolic and heterocyclic metabolite profiles of the grapevine pathogen Eutypa lata. AN - 73595976; 12943765 AB - The ascomycete Eutypa lata is the causative agent of eutypa dieback in grapevines, a serious economic problem in major wine grape producing areas. In order to develop a predictive, non-destructive assay for early detection of fungal infection, the phenolic metabolite profiles of 11 strains of E. lata grown on four different artificial growth media were analyzed by HPLC and their variability compared with growth on Cabernet Sauvignon grapevine wood and wood extracts. Six compounds were generally produced in significant amounts, namely eutypinol, eulatachromene, and eutypine and its benzofuran cyclization product, together with siccayne and eulatinol. The two most widely distributed and abundant metabolites were eutypinol and eulatachromene, which were present in 8 of the strains grown on grapewood aqueous extract fortified with sucrose. Metabolite production on grapevine extract was greatly enhanced relative to the artificial media, indicating that this native substrate provides optimal conditions and a more representative profile of the metabolites produced in the natural disease state. The primary metabolites were tested in a grapeleaf disc bioassay to establish their relative toxicity. Neither eutypinol nor siccayne were phytotoxic; eulatachromene, eulatinol, eutypine, and the benzofuran exhibited necrotic effects in the bioassay. The results indicate that eutypa dieback may be caused by several E. lata metabolites rather than a single compound. JF - Phytochemistry AU - Mahoney, Noreen AU - Lardner, Richard AU - Molyneux, Russell J AU - Scott, Eileen S AU - Smith, Leverett R AU - Schoch, Thomas K AD - Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA. Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - September 2003 SP - 475 EP - 484 VL - 64 IS - 2 SN - 0031-9422, 0031-9422 KW - Alkynes KW - 0 KW - Benzaldehydes KW - Culture Media KW - Heterocyclic Compounds KW - Phenols KW - eutypine KW - 121007-17-8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Biological Assay KW - Plant Diseases -- microbiology KW - Plant Diseases -- etiology KW - Benzaldehydes -- toxicity KW - Benzaldehydes -- isolation & purification KW - Heterocyclic Compounds -- metabolism KW - Vitis -- growth & development KW - Heterocyclic Compounds -- chemistry KW - Phenols -- metabolism KW - Phenols -- isolation & purification KW - Phenols -- chemistry KW - Ascomycota -- genetics KW - Phenols -- toxicity KW - Heterocyclic Compounds -- toxicity KW - Ascomycota -- metabolism KW - Heterocyclic Compounds -- isolation & purification KW - Vitis -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73595976?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytochemistry&rft.atitle=Phenolic+and+heterocyclic+metabolite+profiles+of+the+grapevine+pathogen+Eutypa+lata.&rft.au=Mahoney%2C+Noreen%3BLardner%2C+Richard%3BMolyneux%2C+Russell+J%3BScott%2C+Eileen+S%3BSmith%2C+Leverett+R%3BSchoch%2C+Thomas+K&rft.aulast=Mahoney&rft.aufirst=Noreen&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=475&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytochemistry&rft.issn=00319422&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-16 N1 - Date created - 2003-08-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pharmacokinetic properties of zolpidem in elderly and young adults: possible modulation by testosterone in men. AN - 73565588; 12919178 AB - The influence of ageing on the pharmacokinetics of zolpidem, an extensively prescribed hypnotic medication, was evaluated in healthy human volunteers. A series of 16 elderly (age: 61-85 years) and 24 young (age: 22-42 years) volunteers received single 5 mg oral doses of zolpidem tartrate. Serum zolpidem concentrations were determined by HPLC with fluorescence detection in samples drawn during 8 h after dosage. The effect of testosterone on zolpidem biotransformation was evaluated in vitro using human liver microsomes. Possible induction of CYP3A protein expression and function was studied in cultured human hepatocytes. Among men, apparent oral clearance of zolpidem was decreased in elderly compared to young subjects (3.8 vs 11.0 ml min-1 kg-1, P < 0.01), Cmax was increased (93 vs 40 ng ml-1, P < 0.01), and half-life increased (2.7 vs 1.5 h, P < 0.03). Among women, zolpidem oral clearance was decreased in the elderly (3.0 vs 5.8 ml min-1 kg-1, P < 0.02), Cmax increased (108 vs 60 ng ml-1, P < 0.001), with no difference in t1/2 (2.3 vs 2.4 h). Among male subjects, free serum testosterone concentrations were lower in the elderly (10.5 vs 19.0 pg ml-1, P < 0.01), and were significantly correlated with zolpidem clearance (r2 = 0.46, P < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis indicated a greater relative contribution of serum testosterone than age to the oral clearance of zolpidem among men. In human liver microsomes, co-incubation of zolpidem (10 micro m) with varying concentrations of testosterone produced activation of biotransformation of zolpidem to its principal hydroxylated metabolite. Maximum activation was achieved at equimolar concentrations of testosterone (10 micro m). However, testosterone did not induce immunoactive CYP3A4 expression or catalytic function in cultured human hepatocytes. The increased Cmax and lower oral clearance of zolpidem in the elderly are consistent with recommendations of lower clinical doses of zolpidem in the elderly. Our clinical and in vitro data both suggest that reduced free serum testosterone may have a modulatory role in age-dependent changes in zolpidem pharmacokinetics in men. JF - British journal of clinical pharmacology AU - Olubodun, Joel O AU - Ochs, Hermann R AU - von Moltke, Lisa L AU - Roubenoff, Ronenn AU - Hesse, Leah M AU - Harmatz, Jerold S AU - Shader, Richard I AU - Greenblatt, David J AD - Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Ageing, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA. Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - September 2003 SP - 297 EP - 304 VL - 56 IS - 3 SN - 0306-5251, 0306-5251 KW - GABA Agonists KW - 0 KW - Hypnotics and Sedatives KW - Pyridines KW - Testosterone KW - 3XMK78S47O KW - zolpidem KW - 7K383OQI23 KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Hepatocytes -- drug effects KW - Drug Interactions KW - Half-Life KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Microsomes, Liver -- drug effects KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Aging -- physiology KW - Hypnotics and Sedatives -- blood KW - GABA Agonists -- blood KW - Pyridines -- administration & dosage KW - GABA Agonists -- pharmacokinetics KW - GABA Agonists -- administration & dosage KW - Pyridines -- pharmacokinetics KW - Hypnotics and Sedatives -- administration & dosage KW - Hypnotics and Sedatives -- pharmacokinetics KW - Testosterone -- physiology KW - Pyridines -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73565588?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+journal+of+clinical+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Pharmacokinetic+properties+of+zolpidem+in+elderly+and+young+adults%3A+possible+modulation+by+testosterone+in+men.&rft.au=Olubodun%2C+Joel+O%3BOchs%2C+Hermann+R%3Bvon+Moltke%2C+Lisa+L%3BRoubenoff%2C+Ronenn%3BHesse%2C+Leah+M%3BHarmatz%2C+Jerold+S%3BShader%2C+Richard+I%3BGreenblatt%2C+David+J&rft.aulast=Olubodun&rft.aufirst=Joel&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=297&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=British+journal+of+clinical+pharmacology&rft.issn=03065251&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-02-06 N1 - Date created - 2003-08-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Clin Pharmacokinet. 1991 Sep;21(3):165-77 [1684924] J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1991 Nov;73(5):1016-25 [1719016] Clin Pharmacokinet. 1995 Sep;29(3):142-53 [8521677] Drug Metab Dispos. 1995 Nov;23(11):1253-62 [8591727] J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1996 Feb;276(2):370-9 [8632299] Clin Neuropharmacol. 1997 Apr;20(2):116-25 [9099463] JAMA. 1997 Jul 2;278(1):27-31 [9207334] J Anal Toxicol. 1997 Sep;21(5):388-92 [9288593] Chem Biol Interact. 1997 Nov 6;107(1-2):17-30 [9402947] JAMA. 1997 Dec 24-31;278(24):2170-7 [9417012] Drugs Aging. 1998 Jan;12(1):43-53 [9467686] Am J Epidemiol. 1998 Apr 15;147(8):750-4 [9554416] Geriatrics. 1998 Sep;53 Suppl 1:S20-4 [9745631] Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1998 Nov;61(3):253-69 [9768560] Pharmacogenetics. 1998 Apr;8(2):137-55 [10022752] Drugs Aging. 1999 Feb;14(2):141-52 [10084366] Drugs Aging. 1999 Mar;14(3):231-9 [10220106] J Psychopharmacol. 1999;13(1):81-93 [10221362] Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1999 Jul;48(1):89-97 [10383565] Sleep. 1999 May 1;22 Suppl 2:S366-72 [10394609] Drugs Aging. 1999 Jul;15(1):15-28 [10459729] J Am Geriatr Soc. 2000 Jan;48(1):51-8 [10642021] J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2000 Feb;292(2):618-28 [10640299] Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Mar;28(3):360-6 [10681383] J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2000 Mar;292(3):1024-31 [10688619] J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2000 May;293(2):435-43 [10773013] Drugs. 2000 Apr;59(4):865-89 [10804040] Biochemistry. 2000 May 23;39(20):5929-39 [10821664] Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Dec;28(12):1493-504 [11095589] Drug Metab Dispos. 2001 Jan;29(1):70-5 [11124232] J Biol Chem. 2001 Jan 19;276(3):2256-62 [11054425] Chem Biol Interact. 2001 May 16;134(3):271-81 [11336975] Arch Biochem Biophys. 2001 Jul 1;391(1):49-55 [11414684] Drug Metab Dispos. 2001 Nov;29(11):1473-9 [11602524] Drug Metab Dispos. 2001 Dec;29(12):1644-51 [11717184] J Am Geriatr Soc. 2001 Dec;49(12):1685-90 [11844004] Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2002 Mar;71(3):162-8 [11907490] Drug Metab Dispos. 2002 May;30(5):534-40 [11950784] J Clin Pharmacol. 2002 Oct;42(10):1142-6 [12362929] Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2002 Dec;23(9):361-7 [12469329] Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1981 Oct;30(4):475-86 [7285482] Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1985 Mar;42(3):225-32 [2858188] JAMA. 1989 Dec 15;262(23):3303-7 [2573741] J Steroid Biochem. 1990 Feb;35(2):293-9 [2106599] J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1990 Jun;253(3):1153-61 [2162948] Clin Pharmacokinet. 1990 Nov;19(5):359-89 [2268986] Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1994 Feb;114(1):138-46 [7846196] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dopamine neurotoxicity: age-dependent behavioral and histological effects. AN - 73532053; 12885577 AB - The oxidative stress (OS) theory has implicated the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in both aging and age-dependent neurodegenerative diseases. The dopaminergic system is particularly vulnerable to ROS, and dopamine (DA) itself can be an endogenous source of ROS. The present study evaluated the hypothesis that DA-induced toxicity is age-dependent, and tested the behavioral and histological correlates of DA neurotoxicity in aging. Young (6 months) and middle-aged (15 months) rats were chronically treated with DA in the substantia nigra (SN, 1 micromol/2 microl vehicle per side/day/5 days) and were subsequently examined for changes in motor function and histology. The neurotoxic effect of DA treatment was an age-dependent effect, as middle-aged animals that received DA infusions in the SN were more impaired than their age-matched controls, especially on tasks that involved greater sensory-motor coordination, whereas young animals that received DA behaved similarly to their age-matched controls. The behavioral effects noted were accompanied by a loss of the tyrosine hydroxylase phenotype in substantia nigra. However, selective neurodegeneration was not noted in the SN of the treated animals, nor was a selective iron deposition noted at the site of injection. These results suggest that a neurochemical deficit and not cell loss per se within the nigrostriatal system underlies the motor behavioral deficits observed in the middle-aged rats. JF - Neurobiology of aging AU - Cantuti-Castelvetri, Ippolita AU - Shukitt-Hale, Barbara AU - Joseph, James A AD - USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Room 919, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA. Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - September 2003 SP - 697 EP - 706 VL - 24 IS - 5 SN - 0197-4580, 0197-4580 KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - 0 KW - Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase KW - EC 1.14.16.2 KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase -- metabolism KW - Cell Count KW - Corpus Striatum -- metabolism KW - Behavior, Animal KW - Rats KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Ventral Tegmental Area -- metabolism KW - Motor Activity -- drug effects KW - Psychomotor Performance KW - Staining and Labeling KW - Male KW - Reaction Time KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- metabolism KW - Oxidative Stress -- physiology KW - Age Factors KW - Oxidative Stress -- drug effects KW - Substantia Nigra -- drug effects KW - Substantia Nigra -- physiology KW - Dopamine -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73532053?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurobiology+of+aging&rft.atitle=Dopamine+neurotoxicity%3A+age-dependent+behavioral+and+histological+effects.&rft.au=Cantuti-Castelvetri%2C+Ippolita%3BShukitt-Hale%2C+Barbara%3BJoseph%2C+James+A&rft.aulast=Cantuti-Castelvetri&rft.aufirst=Ippolita&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=697&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurobiology+of+aging&rft.issn=01974580&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-12 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recovery and detection of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts from water samples using continuous flow centrifugation. AN - 73474651; 12867321 AB - Continuous flow centrifugation (CFC) was used in conjunction with immunomagnetic separation (IMS) and immunofluorescence microscopy (IFA) and nested PCR to recover and detect oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum and cysts of Giardia intestinalis from 10L volumes of source water samples. Using a spiking dose of 100 oocysts, nine of 10 runs were positive by IFA, with a mean recovery of 4.4+/-2.27 oocysts; when another 10 runs were analyzed using nested PCR to the TRAP C-1 and Cp41 genes, nine of 10 were positive with both PCR assays. When the spiking dose was reduced to 10 oocysts in 10L, 10 of 12 runs were positive by IFA, with a mean oocyst recovery of 3.25+/-3.25 oocysts. When 10 cysts of Giardia intestinalis were co-spiked with oocysts into 10L of source water, five of seven runs were positive, with a mean cyst recovery of x=0.85+/-0.7. When 10 oocysts (enumerated using a fluorescence activated cell sorter) were spiked into 10L volumes of tap water, one of 10 runs was positive, with one oocyst detected. For the majority of the source water samples, turbidities of the source water samples ranged from 1.1 to 22 NTU, but exceeded 100 NTU for some samples collected when sediment was disturbed. The turbidities of pellets recovered using CFC and resuspended in 10 mL of water were very high (exceeding 500 NTU for the source water-derived pellets and 100 NTU for the tap water-derived pellets). While not as efficient as existing capsule-filtration based methods (i.e., US EPA methods 1622/1623), CFC and IMS may provide a more rapid and economical alternative for isolation of C. parvum oocysts from highly turbid water samples containing small quantities of oocysts. JF - Water research AU - Higgins, James A AU - Trout, James M AU - Fayer, Ronald AU - Shelton, Daniel AU - Jenkins, Mark C AD - USDA-ARS, Rm 202, Bldg 173, 10300 Baltimore Blvd, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. jhiggins@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - September 2003 SP - 3551 EP - 3560 VL - 37 IS - 15 SN - 0043-1354, 0043-1354 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Oocysts -- isolation & purification KW - Microscopy, Fluorescence KW - Immunomagnetic Separation KW - Centrifugation KW - Animals KW - Water Microbiology KW - Cryptosporidium parvum -- isolation & purification KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73474651?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+research&rft.atitle=Recovery+and+detection+of+Cryptosporidium+parvum+oocysts+from+water+samples+using+continuous+flow+centrifugation.&rft.au=Higgins%2C+James+A%3BTrout%2C+James+M%3BFayer%2C+Ronald%3BShelton%2C+Daniel%3BJenkins%2C+Mark+C&rft.aulast=Higgins&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=3551&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+research&rft.issn=00431354&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-15 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolism in the toxicokinetics and fate of brominated flame retardants--a review. AN - 73451619; 12850098 AB - Several classes of brominated flame retardants (BFRs), namely polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCCD), bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE), and tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate (Tris), have been identified as environmental contaminants. PBDEs, TBBPA, and HBCCD are of particular concern due to increasing environmental concentrations and their ubiquitous presence in the tissues of humans and wildlife from Europe, Japan, and North America. Regardless, the toxicokinetics, in particular metabolism, of BFRs has received little attention. The present review summarizes the current state of knowledge of BFR metabolism, which is an important factor in determining the bioaccumulation, fate, toxicokinetics, and potential toxicity of BFRs in exposed organisms. Of the minimal metabolism research done, BFRs have been shown to be susceptible to several metabolic processes including oxidative debromination, reductive debromination, oxidative CYP enzyme-mediated biotransformation, and/or Phase II conjugation (glucuronidation and sulfation).However, substantially more research on metabolism is necessary to fully assess BFR fate, uptake and elimination kinetics, metabolic pathways, inter-species differences, the influence of congener structure, and the potential health risks to exposed organisms. JF - Environment international AU - Hakk, Heldur AU - Letcher, Robert J AD - USDA-ARS, Biosciences Research Laboratory, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105, USA. hakkh@fargo.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - September 2003 SP - 801 EP - 828 VL - 29 IS - 6 SN - 0160-4120, 0160-4120 KW - Flame Retardants KW - 0 KW - Hydrocarbons, Brominated KW - Index Medicus KW - Tissue Distribution -- physiology KW - Animals KW - Enzyme Induction -- physiology KW - Hydrocarbons, Brominated -- pharmacokinetics KW - Vertebrates -- metabolism KW - Models, Chemical KW - Hydrocarbons, Brominated -- chemistry KW - Flame Retardants -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73451619?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environment+international&rft.atitle=Metabolism+in+the+toxicokinetics+and+fate+of+brominated+flame+retardants--a+review.&rft.au=Hakk%2C+Heldur%3BLetcher%2C+Robert+J&rft.aulast=Hakk&rft.aufirst=Heldur&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=801&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environment+international&rft.issn=01604120&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-08 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A 2.5-kb insert eliminates acid soluble invertase isozyme II transcript in carrot (Daucus carota L.) roots, causing high sucrose accumulation. AN - 71524213; 14756313 AB - The predominant storage carbohydrates of mature carrot (Daucus carota L.) storage roots typically are the free sugars glucose and fructose. This trait is conditioned by the Rs allele. A naturally occurring recessive mutation, rs/rs, conditions a shift from these reducing sugars to sucrose. RT-PCR and sequencing revealed a unique 2.5 kb insert in the first and largest intron near the 5' end of the acid soluble invertase isozyme II gene of rs/rs carrots. This insert was not totally spliced out during mRNA processing. While the wild-type acid-soluble invertase isozyme II transcript (ca. 2 kb) was detected in Rs/Rs roots and leaves, none was observed in rs/rs roots throughout development. RT-PCR of rs/rs leaves revealed two novel transcripts (2.7 kb and 3.2 kb). A comparison of enzyme activity between the near-isogenic Rs/Rs and rs/rs carrot lines revealed very low acid-soluble invertase activity in rs/rs roots whereas neutral invertase, sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase levels were comparable. Those results and linkage analysis indicate that Rs is a candidate locus for carrot vacuolar acid-soluble invertase isozyme II. Although the 2.5 kb insert does not occur in the Rs wild-type acid-soluble invertase isozyme II allele, it does occur elsewhere in the genome of Rs/Rs plants. JF - Plant molecular biology AU - Yau, Yuan-Yeu AU - Simon, Philipp W AD - USDA-ARS Vegetable Research Crops Unit, Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1575 Leiden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA. Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - September 2003 SP - 151 EP - 162 VL - 53 IS - 1-2 SN - 0167-4412, 0167-4412 KW - DNA, Complementary KW - 0 KW - DNA, Plant KW - Isoenzymes KW - RNA, Plant KW - Sucrose KW - 57-50-1 KW - beta-Fructofuranosidase KW - EC 3.2.1.26 KW - Index Medicus KW - Solubility KW - DNA, Complementary -- genetics KW - Transcription, Genetic KW - Sequence Analysis, DNA KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Isoenzymes -- genetics KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic KW - DNA, Plant -- genetics KW - DNA, Complementary -- chemistry KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Plant Leaves -- enzymology KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Plant KW - RNA, Plant -- genetics KW - Time Factors KW - Plant Leaves -- genetics KW - DNA, Plant -- chemistry KW - RNA, Plant -- metabolism KW - beta-Fructofuranosidase -- genetics KW - Plant Roots -- genetics KW - Daucus carota -- genetics KW - Daucus carota -- metabolism KW - Sucrose -- metabolism KW - Daucus carota -- enzymology KW - Plant Roots -- enzymology KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional KW - Plant Roots -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71524213?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+molecular+biology&rft.atitle=A+2.5-kb+insert+eliminates+acid+soluble+invertase+isozyme+II+transcript+in+carrot+%28Daucus+carota+L.%29+roots%2C+causing+high+sucrose+accumulation.&rft.au=Yau%2C+Yuan-Yeu%3BSimon%2C+Philipp+W&rft.aulast=Yau&rft.aufirst=Yuan-Yeu&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+molecular+biology&rft.issn=01674412&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-13 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AY368234; PIR; AY368232; AY368233 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Synergistic attraction of Aedes aegypti (L.) to binary blends of L-lactic acid and acetone, dichloromethane, or dimethyl disulfide. AN - 71356494; 14596278 AB - Kairomones produced by humans provide female anthropophilic mosquitoes with vital cues used in host-seeking for a blood meal. These chemicals are emanated primarily by the skin and provide the mosquitoes a means to orient themselves to humans at a relatively close range. Chemical studies of these emanations have provided new ideas for the formulation of attractant blends. We report mosquito attraction responses for three binary blends and their separate components. The blends are comprised of L-lactic acid plus either acetone, dichloromethane, or dimethyl disulfide. At the emission rates used in our bioassays, these blends synergistically attract laboratory-reared female Aedes aegypti. Carbon dioxide is not a necessary component to yield high levels of attraction with these blends. It is postulated that at least one of these synergistic blends (L-lactic acid and acetone) produces mosquito attraction behavior similar to L-lactic acid and CO2. JF - Journal of medical entomology AU - Bernier, Ulrich R AU - Kline, Daniel L AU - Posey, Kenneth H AU - Booth, Matthew M AU - Yost, Richard A AU - Barnard, Donald R AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, 1600 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA. ubernier@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - September 2003 SP - 653 EP - 656 VL - 40 IS - 5 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Disulfides KW - 0 KW - Acetone KW - 1364PS73AF KW - Lactic Acid KW - 33X04XA5AT KW - dimethyl disulfide KW - 3P8D642K5E KW - Methylene Chloride KW - 588X2YUY0A KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Odorants KW - Feeding Behavior -- physiology KW - Aedes -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71356494?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.atitle=Synergistic+attraction+of+Aedes+aegypti+%28L.%29+to+binary+blends+of+L-lactic+acid+and+acetone%2C+dichloromethane%2C+or+dimethyl+disulfide.&rft.au=Bernier%2C+Ulrich+R%3BKline%2C+Daniel+L%3BPosey%2C+Kenneth+H%3BBooth%2C+Matthew+M%3BYost%2C+Richard+A%3BBarnard%2C+Donald+R&rft.aulast=Bernier&rft.aufirst=Ulrich&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=653&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-04 N1 - Date created - 2003-11-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Values Suitability Analysis : A Methodology for Identifying and Integrating Public Perceptions of Ecosystem Values in Forest Planning AN - 60670044; 200507998 AB - National forest planning cannot resolve all resource management issues but improved planning methods can more fully engage the public & lead to better public participation in decision making. This paper presents a planning methodology known as 'values suitability analysis' (VSA) that combines the features of expanded public participation with a rational, analytic framework for incorporating human values into forest plan decision making. The VSA methodology provides a means to evaluate & compare how 'logically consistent' potential management prescriptions (set of activities) are with publicly held forest values. Based on a spatial inventory of ecosystem values, the VSA methodology constructs a numerical rating, or set of ratings, for each management prescription & ecosystem value interaction. These ratings are used to determine (1) which management prescription is most compatible with the dominant ecosystem value within a given management area, as well as (2) the marginal difference in overall compatibility between alternative management prescriptions. The VSA methodology can be used to generate forest plan alternatives or serve as a benchmark to evaluate different forest plan alternatives. The adoption of VSA may be hampered by lack of trust & other institutional issues. 4 Tables, 3 Figures, 29 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Journal of Environmental Planning and Management AU - Reed, Patrick AU - Brown, Gregory AD - USDA Forest Service, Chugach National Forest, Anchorage, AK preed01@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - September 2003 SP - 643 EP - 658 VL - 46 IS - 5 SN - 0964-0568, 0964-0568 KW - Values KW - Resource Management KW - Environmental Attitudes KW - Planning KW - Decision Making KW - Citizen Participation KW - Forestry KW - article KW - 9261: public policy/administration; public policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60670044?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awpsa&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Planning+and+Management&rft.atitle=Values+Suitability+Analysis+%3A+A+Methodology+for+Identifying+and+Integrating+Public+Perceptions+of+Ecosystem+Values+in+Forest+Planning&rft.au=Reed%2C+Patrick%3BBrown%2C+Gregory&rft.aulast=Reed&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=643&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Planning+and+Management&rft.issn=09640568&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F0964056032000138418 LA - English DB - Worldwide Political Science Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Number of references - 29 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - JEPMF7 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Forestry; Resource Management; Planning; Citizen Participation; Decision Making; Values; Environmental Attitudes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0964056032000138418 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Integrating soils and geomorphology in mountains; an example from the Front Range of Colorado AN - 51157223; 2004-053940 AB - Soil distribution in high mountains reflects the impact of several soil-forming factors. Soil geomorphologists use key pedological properties to estimate ages of Quaternary deposits of various depositional environments, estimate long-term stability and instability of landscapes, and make inferences on past climatic change. Once the influence of the soil-forming factors is known, soils can be used to help interpret some aspects of landscape evolution that otherwise might go undetected. The Front Range of Colorado rises from the plains of the Colorado Piedmont at about 1700 m past a widespread, dissected Tertiary erosion surface between 2300 and 2800 m up to an alpine Continental Divide at 3600 to over 4000 m. Pleistocene valley glaciers reached the western edge of the erosion surface. Parent rocks are broadly uniform (granitic and gneissic). Climate varies from 46 cm mean annual precipitation (MAP) and 11 degrees C mean annual temperature (MAT) in the plains to 102 cm and -4 degrees C, respectively, near the range crest. Vegetation follows climate with grassland in the plains, forest in the mountains, and tundra above 3450 m. Soils reflect the bioclimatic transect from plains to divide: A/Bw or Bt/Bk or K (grassland) to A/E/Bw or Bt/C (forest) to A/Bw/C (tundra). Corresponding soil pH values decrease from 8 to less than 5 with increasing elevation. The pedogenic clay minerals dominant in each major vegetation zone are: smectite (grassland), vermiculite (forest), and 1.0-1.8 nm mixed-layer clays (tundra). Within the lower forested zone, the topographic factor (aspect) results in more leached, colder soils, with relatively thin O horizons, well-expressed E horizons and Bt horizons (Alfisols) on N-facing slopes, whereas soils with thicker A horizons, less developed or no E horizons, and Bw or Bt horizons (Mollisols) are more common on S-facing slopes. The topographic factor in the tundra results in soil patterns as a consequence of wind-redistributed snow and the amount of time it lingers on the landscape. An important parent material factor is airborne dust, which results in fine-grained surface horizons and, if infiltrated, contributes to clay accumulation in some Bt horizons. The time factor is evaluated by soil chronosequence studies of Quaternary deposits in tundra, upper forest, and plains grassland. Few soils in the study area are >10,000 years old in the tundra, >100,000 years old in the forest, and >2 million years old in the grassland. Stages of granite weathering vary with distance from the Continental Divide and the best developed is grus near the sedimentary/granitic rock contact just west of the mountain front. Grus takes a minimum of 100,000 years to form. Some of the relations indicated by the soil map patterns are: (1) parts of the erosion surface have been stable for 100,000 years or more; (2) development of grus near the mountain front could be due in part to pre-Pennsylvanian weathering; (3) a few soil properties reflect Quaternary paleoclimate; and (4) a correlation between soil development in the canyons and stream incision rates. JF - Geomorphology AU - Birkeland, P W AU - Shroba, R R AU - Burns, S F AU - Price, A B AU - Tonkin, P J A2 - Butler, David R. A2 - Walsh, Stephen J. A2 - Malanson, George P. Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - September 2003 SP - 329 EP - 344 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 55 IS - 1-4 SN - 0169-555X, 0169-555X KW - United States KW - soils KW - North America KW - pedogenesis KW - Front Range KW - landform evolution KW - stability KW - U. S. Rocky Mountains KW - climate change KW - mountains KW - horizons KW - landscapes KW - Colorado KW - Rocky Mountains KW - 23:Geomorphology KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51157223?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geomorphology&rft.atitle=Integrating+soils+and+geomorphology+in+mountains%3B+an+example+from+the+Front+Range+of+Colorado&rft.au=Birkeland%2C+P+W%3BShroba%2C+R+R%3BBurns%2C+S+F%3BPrice%2C+A+B%3BTonkin%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Birkeland&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=329&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geomorphology&rft.issn=0169555X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0169-555X%2803%2900148-X L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0169555X LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 32nd annual Binghamton geomorphology symposium N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 61 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. strat. cols., sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - climate change; Colorado; Front Range; horizons; landform evolution; landscapes; mountains; North America; pedogenesis; Rocky Mountains; soils; stability; U. S. Rocky Mountains; United States DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(03)00148-X ER - TY - JOUR T1 - REVIEW: Sulfur assimilation in plants and weed control: Potential targets for novel herbicides and action sites of certain safeners AN - 21342416; 6589550 AB - Sulfur is an indispensable element for plants. It is found in sulfur-containing amino acids, cysteine and methionine, and in various other important biochemical components and processes. Inhibitors of sulfur assimilation, or cysteine and methionine synthesis, could be potential herbicides. In the present paper, the sulfur assimilation pathway in plants is described, followed by the introduction of several compounds (inhibitors and safeners) acting on this pathway. Uptake of inorganic sulfate through the roots is the first step of sulfur assimilation in plants. Sulfate is reduced mainly in chloroplasts to sulfide by a multistep process, and sulfide is then incorporated into cysteine. Cysteine is converted to cystathionine, homocysteine and methionine. Cysteine is incorporated into glutathione (GSH) by g-glutamylcysteine synthetase and GSH synthetase. Three enzymes involved in cysteine and methionine biosynthesis, cysteine synthase, cystathionine g-synthase and cystathionine b-lyase, have been investigated as target sites for herbicides. Several inhibitors of these enzymes (e.g. rhizobitoxine and propargylglycine) were also phytotoxic, suggesting that the synthetic pathway of sulfur-containing amino acids could be a new target site for herbicides. Some safeners for herbicides were found to act on the sulfur assimilation pathway and on GSH synthesis to increase GSH, which can be involved in herbicide metabolism and detoxification. Several safeners elevate GSH levels by increasing the activities of enzymes involved in sulfur assimilation and GSH synthesis. Further studies on plant sulfur metabolism may lead to the discovery of new herbicides and to the comprehensive understanding of the mode of action of safeners. JF - Weed Biology and Management AU - Hirase, Kangetsu AU - Molin, William T AD - Southern Weed Science Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Stoneville, Mississippi, USA, kangetsu.hirase@mitsui-chem.co.jp Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - Sep 2003 SP - 147 EP - 157 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road Oxford OX4 2DQ UK, [URL:http://www.blackwellpublishing.com] VL - 3 IS - 3 SN - 1444-6162, 1444-6162 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Sulfur KW - Detoxification KW - Weeds KW - Amino acids KW - Glutathione KW - Cysteine synthase KW - Enzymes KW - Roots KW - Herbicides KW - Glutamate-cysteine ligase KW - Chloroplasts KW - Methionine KW - Weed control KW - Sulfate KW - Sulfide KW - Cysteine KW - Reviews KW - Cystathionine b-lyase KW - Metabolism KW - homocysteine KW - J 02320:Cell Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21342416?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Biology+and+Management&rft.atitle=REVIEW%3A+Sulfur+assimilation+in+plants+and+weed+control%3A+Potential+targets+for+novel+herbicides+and+action+sites+of+certain+safeners&rft.au=Hirase%2C+Kangetsu%3BMolin%2C+William+T&rft.aulast=Hirase&rft.aufirst=Kangetsu&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Biology+and+Management&rft.issn=14446162&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1445-6664.2003.00098.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Figures, 4; tables, 1; references, 95. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Detoxification; Sulfur; Weeds; Amino acids; Glutathione; Roots; Enzymes; Cysteine synthase; Chloroplasts; Glutamate-cysteine ligase; Herbicides; Weed control; Methionine; Sulfate; Sulfide; Cysteine; Reviews; Cystathionine b-lyase; homocysteine; Metabolism DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1445-6664.2003.00098.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genotypic Differences in Concentration and Bioavailability of Kernel-Iron in Tropical Maize Varieties Grown Under Field Conditions AN - 21026784; 8502415 AB - Iron deficiency is estimated to affect over one-half the world population. Improving the nutritional quality of staple food crops through breeding for high bioavailable iron represents a sustainable and cost effective approach to alleviating iron malnutrition. Forty-nine late maturing tropical elite maize varieties were grown in a lattice design with two replications in three locations representing three agroecologies in West and Central Africa to identify varieties with high levels of kernel-Fe. Bioavailable iron was assessed for some varieties selected for high Fe concentration in kernel and improved agronomic traits using an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model. Significant differences in kernel-Fe and -zinc concentration were observed among varieties (P<0.001). Kernel-Fe levels ranged from 16.8 to 24.4mgkg-1, while kernel-Zn levels ranged from 16.5 to 24.6mgkg-1. Environment did not have a significant effect on kernel-iron and -zinc levels, but genotype by environment (GtE) interaction was highly significant. The genetic component accounted for 12% of the total variation in kernel-Fe and 29% for kernel-Zn levels. Kernel-Fe was positively correlated with kernel-Zn (R2=0.51, P<0.0001). Significant differences in iron bioavailability were detected among selected Fe-rich varieties grown at one location. Mean bioavailable Fe ranged between 30% below to 88% above the reference control variety. The results indicate that genetic differences exist in kernel-Fe and -Zn concentrations and Fe bioavailability. These differences may be useful in biofortification intervention programs, but additional research is needed to determine the efficacy of iron-rich maize varieties in alleviating iron deficiency in humans. JF - Journal of Plant Nutrition AU - Oikeh, Sylvester O AU - Menkir, Abebe AU - Maziya-Dixon, Bussie AU - Welch, Ross AU - Glahn, Raymond P AD - U.S. Plant, Soil, and Nutrition Laboratory, USDA/ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - Sep 2003 SP - 2307 EP - 2319 PB - Taylor & Francis, 11 New Fetter Lane London EC4P 4EE UK, [mailto:info@tandf.co.uk], [URL:http://www.tandf.co.uk] VL - 26 IS - 10-11 SN - 0190-4167, 0190-4167 KW - Pollution Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21026784?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Plant+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Genotypic+Differences+in+Concentration+and+Bioavailability+of+Kernel-Iron+in+Tropical+Maize+Varieties+Grown+Under+Field+Conditions&rft.au=Oikeh%2C+Sylvester+O%3BMenkir%2C+Abebe%3BMaziya-Dixon%2C+Bussie%3BWelch%2C+Ross%3BGlahn%2C+Raymond+P&rft.aulast=Oikeh&rft.aufirst=Sylvester&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=10-11&rft.spage=2307&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Plant+Nutrition&rft.issn=01904167&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FPLN-120024283 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/PLN-120024283 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Equal-mobility bed load transport in a small, step-pool channel in the Ouachita Mountains AN - 20976150; 5739380 AB - Equal-mobility transport (EMT) of bed load is more evident than size- selective transport during near-bankfull flow events in a small, step-pool channel in the Ouachita Mountains of central Arkansas. Bed load transport modes were studied by simulating five separate runoff events with peak discharges between 0.25 and 1.34 m super(3)/s (1.0- to 1.6-year recurrence intervals) in a natural channel using controlled releases from a storage tank. EMT occurrence was investigated using four different bed load relationships suggested by previous research. With each of these approaches, the relationship of a given bed load characteristic (D sub(max), distribution percentile, displacement distance and skewness) to some independent factor ( tau sub(c), tau and grain size) was assessed to determine which transport mode was evident. Regression models derived using combinations of these four relationships with different datasets provide seven separate tests. Five of the seven tests indicate that EMT occurred or was predominant. Several reasons may explain the apparent contradictory results, but the confounding effects of changes in the structural arrangements of bed material prior to or during the events seem particularly important. JF - Geomorphology AU - Marion, DA AU - Weirich, F AD - Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Oxford, MS 38655-4915, USA, dmarion@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - September 2003 SP - 139 EP - 154 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl] VL - 55 IS - 1-4 SN - 0169-555X, 0169-555X KW - USA, Arkansas, Ouachita Mts. KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Bed load transport KW - Equal mobility KW - Size-selective KW - Step-pool channel KW - Bed material size KW - Bankfull streamflow KW - Sediment Transport KW - Experimental Data KW - Regression Analysis KW - Bed Load KW - Particle Size KW - River discharge KW - Flow Discharge KW - Freshwater KW - Skewness KW - Streams KW - Model Studies KW - Mountains KW - Channels KW - USA, Ouachita Mts. KW - Bed load KW - Geomorphology KW - Storage tanks KW - Grain size KW - USA, Arkansas KW - Sediment transport KW - Runoff KW - Q2 09264:Sediments and sedimentation KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20976150?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geomorphology&rft.atitle=Equal-mobility+bed+load+transport+in+a+small%2C+step-pool+channel+in+the+Ouachita+Mountains&rft.au=Marion%2C+DA%3BWeirich%2C+F&rft.aulast=Marion&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geomorphology&rft.issn=0169555X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0169-555X%2803%2900137-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Channels; Storage tanks; Geomorphology; Bed load; Grain size; River discharge; Sediment transport; Skewness; Runoff; Sediment Transport; Mountains; Regression Analysis; Experimental Data; Particle Size; Bed Load; Flow Discharge; Streams; Model Studies; USA, Ouachita Mts.; USA, Arkansas; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(03)00137-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recombinant Paramyxovirus Type 1-Avian Influenza-H7 Virus as a Vaccine for Protection of Chickens Against Influenza and Newcastle Disease AN - 20697694; 7233686 AB - Current vaccines to prevent avian influenza rely upon labor-intensive parenteral injection. A more advantageous vaccine would be capable of administration by mass immunization methods such as spray or water vaccination. A recombinant vaccine (rNDV-AIV-H7) was constructed by using a lentogenic paramyxovirus type 1 vector (Newcastle disease virus [NDV] B1 strain) with insertion of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene from avian influenza virus (AIV) A/chicken/NY/13142-5/94 (H7N2). The recombinant virus had stable insertion and expression of the H7 AIV HA gene as evident by detection of HA expression via immunofluorescence in infected Vero cells. The rNDV-AIV-H7 replicated in 9-10 day embryonating chicken eggs and exhibited hemagglutinating activity from both NDV and AI proteins that was inhibited by antisera against both NDV and AIV H7. Groups of 2-week-old white Leghorn chickens were vaccinated with transfectant NDV vector (tNDV), rNDV-AIV-H7, or sterile allantoic fluid and were challenged 2 weeks later with viscerotropic velogenic NDV (vvNDV) or highly pathogenic (HP) AIV. The sham-vaccinated birds were not protected from vvNDV or HP AIV challenge. The transfectant NDV vaccine provided 70% protection for NDV challenge but did not protect against AIV challenge. The rNDV-AIV-H7 vaccine provided partial protection (40%) from vvNDV and HP AIV challenge. The serologic response was examined in chickens that received one or two immunizations of the rNDV-AIV-H7 vaccine. Based on hemagglutination inhibition and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests, chickens that received a vaccine boost seroconverted to AIV H7, but the serologic response was weak in birds that received only one vaccination. This demonstrates the potential for NDV for use as a vaccine vector in expressing AIV proteins.Original Abstract: Recombinante con paramixovirus tipo 1 e influenza aviar H7, como vacuna para la proteccion de pollos contra la influenza y la enfermedad de Newcastle.La vacunas actuales para prevenir la influenza aviar dependen de la inyeccion parenteral, representando una aumento en la mano de obra empleada. Una vacuna con mayores ventajas seria aquella que pudiera administrarse por aplicacion masiva, como la vacunacion por aerosol o en el agua de bebida. Se desarrollo una vacuna recombinante (rNDV-AIV-H7) usando un vector paramixovirus tipo 1 (cepa B1 del virus de la enfermedad de Newcastle) con insercion del gen de la hemoaglutinina (HA) del virus de influenza aviar A/pollo/NY/13142-5/94 (H7N2). El virus recombinante presentaba una insercion y expresion estable del gen de la hemoaglutinina H7 como se hizo evidente por la deteccion de la expresion de la hemoaglutinina por medio de la inmunofluorescencia en celulas Vero infectadas. El rNDV-AIV-H7 se replico en huevos embrionados de pollo de 9 a 10 dias y mostro actividad hemoaglutinante para ambas proteinas virales, que fueron inhibidas por antisueros contra el virus de Newcastle y contra influenza aviar subtipo H7, respectivamente. Grupos de aves Leghorn de dos semanas de edad fueron vacunadas con el vector transfectante del virus de la enfermedad de Newcastle, con el virus recombinante rNDV-AIV-H7, o con fluido alantoideo esteril. Las aves fueron desafiadas dos semanas despues con una cepa velogenica viscerotropica del virus de Newcastle o con el virus de influenza aviar de alta patogenicidad. Las aves que recibieron el liquido alantoideo no fueron protegidas contra el desafio con el virus velogenico viscerotropico de Newcastle o con el virus de influenza aviar de alta patogenicidad. La vacuna transfectante de Newcastle confirio 70% de proteccion contra el desafio de Newcastle pero no contra el desafio contra influenza aviar. La vacuna recombinante rNDV-AIV-H7 confirio proteccion parcial (40%) contra el desafio de ambos virus. La respuesta serologica fue examinada en pollos que recibieron una o dos inmunizaciones de la vacuna rNDV-AIV-H7. Con base en las pruebas de inhibicion de la hemoaglutinacion y de ELISA, los pollos que recibieron una vacuna de refuerzo presentaron seroconversion para el virus de influenza H7, pero la respuesta serologica fue debil en las aves que recibieron una sola vacunacion. Esto demuestra el potencial del virus de Newcastle para su uso como vector y para expresar proteinas del virus de influenza.Abbreviations: AGP = agar gel precipitin, AI = avian influenza, AIV = avian influenza virus, HA = hemagglutinin, HI = hemagglutinin inhibition, HP = highly pathogenic, LP = low pathogenicity, ND = Newcastle disease, NDV = Newcastle disease virus, PBS = phosphate-buffered saline, rNDV-AIV-H7 = recombinant NDV vaccine, tNDV = transfectant NDV vaccine, vvNDV = velogenic viscerotropic NDV JF - Avian Diseases AU - Swayne, DE AU - Suarez, D L AU - Schultz-Cherry, S AU - Tumpey, T M AU - King, D J AU - Nakaya, T AU - Palese, P AU - Garcia-Sastre, A AD - USDA-ARS, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Athens, GA 30605-2195 Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - Sep 2003 SP - 1047 EP - 1050 PB - American Association of Avian Pathologists, Inc., 382 West Street Road New Bolton Center Kennett Sq. PA 19348-1692 USA, [mailto:AAAP@vet.upenn.edu], [URL:http://www.aaap.info/] VL - 47 IS - s3 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Avian influenza virus KW - Vero cells KW - Hemagglutination inhibition KW - Hemagglutinins KW - Allantoic fluid KW - Paramyxovirus KW - Immunofluorescence KW - Newcastle disease KW - Vaccination KW - Eggs KW - Influenza KW - Fowl plague KW - Antisera KW - Newcastle disease virus KW - Insertion KW - Vaccines KW - V 22350:Immunology KW - W 30915:Pharmaceuticals & Vaccines UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20697694?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Recombinant+Paramyxovirus+Type+1-Avian+Influenza-H7+Virus+as+a+Vaccine+for+Protection+of+Chickens+Against+Influenza+and+Newcastle+Disease&rft.au=Swayne%2C+DE%3BSuarez%2C+D+L%3BSchultz-Cherry%2C+S%3BTumpey%2C+T+M%3BKing%2C+D+J%3BNakaya%2C+T%3BPalese%2C+P%3BGarcia-Sastre%2C+A&rft.aulast=Swayne&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=s3&rft.spage=1047&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0005-2086%282003%290472.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0005-2086&volume=47&issue=s3&page=1047 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Vero cells; Hemagglutinins; Hemagglutination inhibition; Allantoic fluid; Newcastle disease; Immunofluorescence; Vaccination; Eggs; Influenza; Fowl plague; Antisera; Insertion; Vaccines; Avian influenza virus; Newcastle disease virus; Paramyxovirus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0005-2086(2003)047<1047:RPTAIV>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Novel Derivatives of 9,10-Anthraquinone Are Selective Algicides against the Musty-Odor Cyanobacterium Oscillatoria perornata AN - 19928131; 5704969 AB - Musty "off-flavor" in pond-cultured channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) costs the catfish production industry in the United States at least $30 million annually. The cyanobacterium Oscillatoria perornata (Skuja) is credited with being the major cause of musty off-flavor in farm-raised catfish in Mississippi. The herbicides diuron and copper sulfate, currently used by catfish producers as algicides to help mitigate musty off-flavor problems, have several drawbacks, including broad-spectrum toxicity towards the entire phytoplankton community that can lead to water quality deterioration and subsequent fish death. By use of microtiter plate bioassays, a novel group of compounds derived from the natural compound 9,10-anthraquinone have been found to be much more selectively toxic towards O. perornata than diuron and copper sulfate. In efficacy studies using limnocorrals placed in catfish production ponds, application rates of 0.3 mu M (125 mu g/liter) of the most promising anthraquinone derivative, 2-(methylamino-N-(1'-methylethyl))-9,10- anthraquinone monophosphate (anthraquinone-59), dramatically reduced the abundance of O. perornata and levels of 2-methylisoborneol, the musty compound produced by O. perornata. The abundance of green algae and diatoms increased dramatically 2 days after application of a 0.3 mu M concentration of anthraquinone-59 to pond water within the limnocorrals. The half-life of anthraquinone-59 in pond water was determined to be 19 h, making it much less persistent than diuron. Anthraquinone-59 appears to be promising for use as a selective algicide in catfish aquaculture. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Schrader, K K AU - Nanayakkara, NPD AU - Tucker, C S AU - Rimando, A M AU - Ganzera, M AU - Schaneberg, B T AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, P.O. Box 8048, University, MS 38677-8048, kschrader@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - September 2003 SP - 5319 EP - 5327 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA VL - 69 IS - 9 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - 9,10-Anthraquinone KW - Channel catfish KW - Graceful catfish KW - fish culture KW - Pollution Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; Chemoreception Abstracts KW - water quality KW - Bacillariophyceae KW - Disease control KW - Phytoplankton KW - diuron KW - Water quality KW - Toxicity tests KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - Ponds KW - Off flavor KW - Algae KW - Diuron KW - anthraquinone KW - Channels KW - Bioassays KW - Water Pollution Effects KW - Fish KW - 2-Methylisoborneol KW - Cyanophyta KW - abundance KW - Copper Sulfate KW - Algicides KW - Diatoms KW - Metabolites KW - Aquaculture KW - Oscillatoria perornata KW - copper sulfate KW - Oscillatoria KW - Mortality KW - Herbicides KW - Toxicity KW - Cyanobacteria KW - Bioaccumulation KW - USA, Mississippi KW - Catfish KW - Q4 27330:Fish culture KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution KW - Q3 08588:Effects of Aquaculture on the Environment KW - R 18110:Odor control KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors KW - Q1 08588:Effects of Aquaculture on the Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19928131?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Novel+Derivatives+of+9%2C10-Anthraquinone+Are+Selective+Algicides+against+the+Musty-Odor+Cyanobacterium+Oscillatoria+perornata&rft.au=Schrader%2C+K+K%3BNanayakkara%2C+NPD%3BTucker%2C+C+S%3BRimando%2C+A+M%3BGanzera%2C+M%3BSchaneberg%2C+B+T&rft.aulast=Schrader&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=5319&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.69.9.5319-5327.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Algicides; Bioaccumulation; Disease control; Phytoplankton; Metabolites; Toxicity; Water quality; Toxicity tests; Ponds; Diuron; anthraquinone; Diatoms; Herbicides; Aquaculture; 2-Methylisoborneol; copper sulfate; Off flavor; Algae; water quality; Mortality; diuron; Bioassays; Fish; abundance; Channels; Copper Sulfate; Water Pollution Effects; Catfish; Oscillatoria; Cyanobacteria; Bacillariophyceae; Cyanophyta; Ictalurus punctatus; Oscillatoria perornata; USA, Mississippi DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.9.5319-5327.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of Microbial Communities and Composition in Constructed Dairy Wetland Wastewater Effluent AN - 19926890; 5704839 AB - Constructed wetlands have been recognized as a removal treatment option for high concentrations of contaminants in agricultural waste before land application. The goal of this study was to characterize microbial composition in two constructed wetlands designed to remove contaminants from dairy washwater. Water samples were collected weekly for 11 months from two wetlands to determine the efficiency of the treatment system in removal of chemical contaminants and total and fecal coliforms. The reduction by the treatment was greatest for biological oxygen demand, suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand, nitrate, and coliforms. There was only moderate removal of total nitrogen and phosphorus. Changes in the total bacterial community and ammonia-oxidizing bacterial composition were examined by using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and sequencing of PCR-amplified fragments of the gene carrying the alpha subunit of the ammonia monooxygenase gene (amoA) recovered from soil samples and DGGE bands. DGGE analysis of wetlands and manure samples revealed that the total bacterial community composition was dominated by bacteria from phylogenetic clusters related to Bacillus, Clostridium, Mycoplasma, Eubacterium, and Proteobacteria originally retrieved from the gastrointestinal tracts of mammals. The population of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria showed a higher percentage of Nitrosospira-like sequences from the wetland samples, while a higher percentage of Nitrosomonas-like sequences from manure, feces, raw washwater, and facultative pond was found. These results show that the wetland system is a natural process dependent upon the development of healthy microbial communities for optimal wastewater treatment. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Ibekwe, A M AU - Grieve, C M AU - Lyon AD - USDA-ARS-George E. Brown Jr. Salinity Laboratory, 450 W. Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA 92507, aibekwe@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - September 2003 SP - 5060 EP - 5069 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA VL - 69 IS - 9 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - ammonia monooxygenase KW - amoA gene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Bacteria (propionibacteriaceae) KW - Manure KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Phosphorus KW - Microbial contamination KW - Proteobacteria KW - Soil microorganisms KW - Classification KW - Biological pollutants KW - Farm Wastes KW - Wetlands KW - Feces KW - Mycoplasma KW - Phylogenetics KW - Eubacterium KW - Phylogeny KW - Ammonia KW - Nitrosospira KW - Chemical oxygen demand KW - Effluents KW - Oxygen KW - Community composition KW - Biochemical oxygen demand KW - Nitrogen KW - Clostridium KW - Nitrate KW - Water Analysis KW - Artificial Wetlands KW - Pollutants KW - Animal Wastes KW - Bacillus KW - Bacteria KW - Coliforms KW - Electrophoresis KW - Bacteria (chemolithotrophic) (nitrogen) KW - Livestock KW - Nitrosomonas KW - Waste water KW - Wastewater Treatment KW - AQ 00007:Industrial Effluents KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - J 02905:Water KW - W2 32510:Waste treatment, environment, pollution KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 210:Bioremediation, Bioreactors & BioCycling UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19926890?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+Microbial+Communities+and+Composition+in+Constructed+Dairy+Wetland+Wastewater+Effluent&rft.au=Ibekwe%2C+A+M%3BGrieve%2C+C+M%3BLyon&rft.aulast=Ibekwe&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=5060&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.69.9.5060-5069.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phylogeny; Community composition; Manure; Classification; Biological pollutants; Chemical oxygen demand; Wetlands; Biochemical oxygen demand; Microbial contamination; Effluents; Phylogenetics; Bacteria; Nitrate; Oxygen; Nucleotide sequence; Ammonia; Phosphorus; Feces; Waste water; Soil microorganisms; Nitrogen; Clostridium; Bacteria (propionibacteriaceae); Coliforms; Electrophoresis; Water Analysis; Bacteria (chemolithotrophic) (nitrogen); Artificial Wetlands; Livestock; Pollutants; Farm Wastes; Animal Wastes; Bacillus; Wastewater Treatment; Eubacterium; Nitrosomonas; Nitrosospira; Proteobacteria; Mycoplasma DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.9.5060-5069.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ten-Year Results of Tree Shelters on Survival and Grwoth of Planted Hardwoods AN - 19649444; 7399489 AB - The performance of planted northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.), black walnut (Juglans nigra L.), and green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.), with and without tree shelters, was evaluated 10 yr after planting. Northern red oak was planted in three harvested forest openings, and black walnut and green ash were planted in a cultivated field. Survival of northern red oak with tree shelters was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than northern red oak without shelters only for year 3. Survival differences between tree shelter treatments for black walnut and green ash were not significant. However, overall survival of green ash declined rapidly after year 5. Trees began to exit the 120-cm-tall shelters after 2 yr, but not in large numbers until the fourth year. Sheltered oaks were significantly taller than unsheltered oaks at year 10, and sheltered oaks had more height growth than unsheltered oaks at year 5, but not at year 10. Except for year 1, neither height nor height growth for black walnut was significantly different between tree shelter treatments. Green ash was taller and had more height growth with shelters than without shelters in year 1, but had more height growth without shelters than with shelters in year 5. Diameter growth at breast height did not differ between treatments for any of the three species. The greater height of sheltered northern red oaks compared to unsheltered northern red oaks could increase the opportunity of sheltered oaks to achieve dominant and codominant positions in the developing stands. JF - Northern Journal of Applied Forestry AU - Ponder, F Jr AD - North Central Forest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 208 Foster Hall, Lincoln University, Jefferson City, MO, 65102, USA Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - Sep 2003 SP - 104 EP - 108 VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0742-6348, 0742-6348 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Quercus rubra KW - Trees KW - Ash KW - hardwoods KW - Juglans nigra KW - planting KW - Fraxinus pennsylvanica KW - Juglans KW - survival KW - Forestry KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19649444?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northern+Journal+of+Applied+Forestry&rft.atitle=Ten-Year+Results+of+Tree+Shelters+on+Survival+and+Grwoth+of+Planted+Hardwoods&rft.au=Ponder%2C+F+Jr&rft.aulast=Ponder&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=104&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northern+Journal+of+Applied+Forestry&rft.issn=07426348&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Trees; Ash; hardwoods; planting; survival; Forestry; Quercus rubra; Juglans nigra; Juglans; Fraxinus pennsylvanica ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of amending high phosphorus soils with flue-gas desulfurization gypsum on plant uptake and soil fractions of phosphorus AN - 19640214; 5691416 AB - Flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum, a coal combustion by-product, can be used to decrease water-extractable soil P, thereby lowering the potential for P export to surface waters. This decrease results from a conversion of loosely bound inorganic P (IP) which is readily desorbable to water, to less soluble Al- and Fe-bound IP and, to a lesser extent, calcium-bound IP pools. Although this conversion has little effect on predictors of plant-available soil P (e.g., Mehlich-3 P), little is known about the plant uptake of P over several growth cycles after high P soils are amended with FGD. In a greenhouse experiment, we measured P uptake by ryegrass (Lolium perenne) using a modified Stanford-Dement procedure (three growth cycles), and the extent to which IP was being removed from each soil IP fraction (Hedley fractionation), for three soils treated with FGD gypsum (equivalent to 22.4 Mg ha super(-1)). Treatment with FGD decreased water extractable soil P 38 to 57%, but had little effect on Mehlich-3 soil P. During the first growth cycle, the shift from resin IP to less available Al, Fe, and Ca IP remained stable. Repeated growth cycles of ryegrass removed resin IP and thus, had a continued effect on lowering water-extractable P. After three growth cycles and harvests, ryegrass dry-matter production was not affected by FGD treatment (P > 0.05), although cumulative P uptake (20%) and P concentration of ryegrass tops (25%) were greater in FGD treated than untreated soils. Our results confirm that treatment of high P soils with FGD gypsum decreases water-extractable P by conversion to soil IP fractions that are stable with time, does not decrease plant production, and suggests that the potential for P export in surface runoff may be reduced for several years. JF - Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems AU - Stout, W L AU - Sharpley, AN AU - Weaver AD - Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, Soil Scientists - USDA-ARS, University Park, USA, ws1@psu.edu Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - Sep 2003 SP - 21 EP - 29 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 67 IS - 1 SN - 1385-1314, 1385-1314 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Resins KW - exports KW - Surface water KW - Byproducts KW - Phosphorus KW - Coal KW - Nutrient cycles KW - Desulfurization KW - Combustion KW - plant production KW - Soil KW - Lolium perenne KW - Fractionation KW - Flue gas desulfurization KW - greenhouses KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19640214?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrient+Cycling+in+Agroecosystems&rft.atitle=Effect+of+amending+high+phosphorus+soils+with+flue-gas+desulfurization+gypsum+on+plant+uptake+and+soil+fractions+of+phosphorus&rft.au=Stout%2C+W+L%3BSharpley%2C+AN%3BWeaver&rft.aulast=Stout&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrient+Cycling+in+Agroecosystems&rft.issn=13851314&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - exports; Resins; Surface water; Byproducts; Phosphorus; Coal; Nutrient cycles; Desulfurization; Combustion; Soil; plant production; Fractionation; Flue gas desulfurization; greenhouses; Lolium perenne ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measuring Plant Diversity in the Tall Threetip Sagebrush Steppe: Influence of Previous Grazing Management Practices AN - 19233823; 5768924 AB - In July 2000, a 490-ha wildfire burned a portion of a long-term grazing study that had been established in 1924 at the US Sheep Experiment Station north of Dubois, Idaho, USA. Earlier vegetation measurements in this tallthreetip sagebrush (Artemisia tripartita spp. tripartita) bunchgrass plant community documented significant changes in vegetation due to grazing and the timing of grazing by sheep. A study was initiated in May 2001 using 12 multiscale modified Whittaker plots to determine the consequences of previous grazing practices on postfire vegetation composition. Because there was only one wildfire and it did not burn all of the original plots, the treatments are not replicated in time or space. We reduce the potential effects of psuedoreplication by confining our discussion to the sample area only. There were a total of 84 species in the sampled areas with 69 in the spring-grazed area and 70 each in the fall- and ungrazed areas. Vegetation within plots was equally rich and even with similar numbers of abundant species. The spring-grazed plots, however, had half as much plant cover as the fall- and ungrazed plots and the spring-grazed plots had the largest proportion of plant cover composed of introduced (27%) and annual (34%) plants. The fall-grazed plots had the highest proportion of native perennial grasses (43%) and the lowest proportion of native annual forbs (1%). The ungrazed plots had the lowest proportion of introduced plants (4%) and the highest proportion of native perennial forbs (66%). The vegetation of spring-grazed plots is in a degraded condition for the environment and further degradation may continue, with or without continued grazing or some other disturbance. If ecosystem condition was based solely on plant diversity and only a count of species numbers was used to determine plant diversity, this research would have falsely concluded that grazing and timing of grazing did not impact the condition of the ecosystem. JF - Environmental Management AU - Seefeldt, S S AU - McCoy, S D AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service, United States Sheep Experiment Station, HC 62 Box 2010 Dubois, Idaho 83423, USA, sseefeldt@pw.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - Sep 2003 SP - 234 EP - 245 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 32 IS - 2 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Fires KW - USA, Idaho KW - Grazing KW - Species diversity KW - Plants KW - Environment management KW - Steppes KW - Artemisia tripartita KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04130:Arid zones UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19233823?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Measuring+Plant+Diversity+in+the+Tall+Threetip+Sagebrush+Steppe%3A+Influence+of+Previous+Grazing+Management+Practices&rft.au=Seefeldt%2C+S+S%3BMcCoy%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Seefeldt&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=234&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-003-0073-7 L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00267/bibs/3032002/30320234.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fires; Grazing; Species diversity; Plants; Environment management; Steppes; Artemisia tripartita; USA, Idaho DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-0073-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of NaCl Content and Cooling Rate on Outgrowth of Clostridium perfringens Spores in Cooked Ham and Beef AN - 19223065; 5791462 AB - The effect of NaCl concentration and cooling rate on the ability of Clostridium perfringens to grow from spore inocula was studied with the use of a process that simulates the industrial cooking and cooling of smoked boneless ham and beef roasts. NaCl was added to ground cooked hams A and B (which were commercially obtained) to obtain levels of 2.4, 3.1, 3.6, and 4.1% (wt/wt) and 2.8, 3.3, 3.8, and 4.3% (wt/wt), respectively, and to raw ground beef to obtain levels of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4% (wt/wt). Ham C, a specially formulated, commercially prepared product, was supplemented with NaCl to obtain levels of 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5%. The samples were inoculated with a three-strain mixture of C. perfringens spores to obtain concentrations of ca. 3 log sub(10) CFU/g. Portions of meat (5 g each) were spread into thin layers (1 to 2 mm) in plastic bags, vacuum packaged, and stored at 40 degree C. Thawed samples were heated at 75 degree C for 20 min and subsequently cooled in a programmed water bath from 54.4 to less than or equal to 8.5 degree C in 15, 18, or 21 h. For the enumeration of C. perfringens, samples were plated on tryptose-sulfite-cycloserine agar and incubated in an anaerobic chamber at 37 degree C for 48 h. Population densities for cooked ham and beef increased as cooling time increased, and NaCl exerted a strong inhibitory effect on the germination and outgrowth of C. perfringens. For beef, while 3% NaCl completely arrested growth, pathogen numbers increased by greater than or equal to 3, 5, and 5 log sub(10) CFU/g in 15, 18, and 21 h, respectively, when the NaCl level was 2% NaCl, would yield an acceptable product (with an increase of <1 log sub(10) CFU/g in the C. perfringens count); however, for beef containing <2% NaCl, C. perfringens populations may reach levels high enough to cause illness. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Zaika, L L AD - Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - Sep 2003 SP - 1599 EP - 1603 VL - 66 IS - 9 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - sodium chloride KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Food processing KW - Meat products KW - Colony-forming cells KW - Salinity effects KW - Clostridium perfringens KW - Enumeration KW - Spores KW - Food-borne diseases KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19223065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Influence+of+NaCl+Content+and+Cooling+Rate+on+Outgrowth+of+Clostridium+perfringens+Spores+in+Cooked+Ham+and+Beef&rft.au=Zaika%2C+L+L&rft.aulast=Zaika&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1599&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clostridium perfringens; Spores; Meat products; Salinity effects; Food processing; Enumeration; Colony-forming cells; Food-borne diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Feed deprivation of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), influences organosomatic indices, chemical composition and susceptibility to Flavobacterium columnare AN - 19206773; 5773942 AB - Withholding feed has been suggested as a strategy to manage infectious disease of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque). In a previous study, we demonstrated that deprivation of feed for as little as 7 days reduced innate resistance of catfish to Flavobacterium columnare. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding regimens [no feeding (NF), fed once every other day to satiation (FEOD) and fed once daily to satiation (FD)] on organosomatic indices, physiological changes and susceptibility of channel catfish to F. columnare. Fish that were not fed for 2 and 4 weeks had a significant increase (P < 0.05) in gutted weight:wet weight ratio and decrease in other organosomatic indices [gut index (GI), mesenteric fat index (MFI) and hepatosomatic index (HSI)]. Haematology was not effected by feeding regimen except at week 4, when a significantly higher haemoglobin level was observed in the NF fish. Serum protein did not differ at week 2, but the level at week 4 of the NF fish (35.91 mg mL super(-1)) was significantly lower than that of the FD fish (41.77 mg mL super(-1)). Significantly lower (P < 0.05) blood glucose (39.5 and 40.3 mg dL super(-1)) and liver glycogen (1.7 and 1.8 mg g super(-1)) were seen in the NF fish at weeks 2 and 4, respectively, as compared with blood glucose and liver glycogen levels of FD fish (67.5 and 92.8 mg dL super(-1) and 46.5 and 52.6 mg g super(-1) at weeks 2 and 4, respectively) and FEOD (82.8 and 85.5 mg dL super(-1) and 45.1 and 51.4 mg g super(-1) at weeks 2 and 4, respectively). Mortality in the NF fish caused by F. columnare (78%) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than mortality in the FD and FEOD treatments (0.0 and 1.7%, respectively). Blood glucose and liver glycogen showed the same trend of low values for NF fish following challenge (week 6). Blood glucose, liver glycogen, GI and HSI are sensitive indicators for channel catfish deprived of feed (NF) for 4 weeks. Blood glucose and liver glycogen levels around 40 mg dL super(-1) and 2 mg g super(-1), respectively, are indicative of starvation in juvenile channel catfish. Moreover, NF fish were susceptible to F. columnare infection. Thus, it is suggested that in the absence of natural food, juvenile channel catfish should be fed at least once every other day to apparent satiation to maintain normal physiological function and improve resistance to F. columnare. JF - Journal of Fish Diseases AU - Shoemaker, CA AU - Klesius, PH AU - Lim, C AU - Yildirim, M AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Aquatic Animal Health Research Laboratory, PO Box 952, Auburn, AL 36831, USA, cshoemaker@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - September 2003 SP - 553 EP - 561 VL - 26 IS - 9 SN - 0140-7775, 0140-7775 KW - Blood glucose KW - Channel catfish KW - Graceful catfish KW - Liver glycogen KW - organosomatic indices KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Starvation KW - Animal nutrition KW - Mortality KW - Feeding KW - Body conditions KW - Bacterial diseases KW - Disease resistance KW - Freshwater KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - Haematology KW - Blood KW - Liver KW - Flavobacterium columnare KW - J 02862:Infection KW - Q1 08587:Diseases of Cultured Organisms KW - Q3 08587:Diseases of Cultured Organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19206773?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Fish+Diseases&rft.atitle=Feed+deprivation+of+channel+catfish%2C+Ictalurus+punctatus+%28Rafinesque%29%2C+influences+organosomatic+indices%2C+chemical+composition+and+susceptibility+to+Flavobacterium+columnare&rft.au=Shoemaker%2C+CA%3BKlesius%2C+PH%3BLim%2C+C%3BYildirim%2C+M&rft.aulast=Shoemaker&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=553&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Fish+Diseases&rft.issn=01407775&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2761.2003.00489.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Animal nutrition; Starvation; Feeding; Blood; Mortality; Body conditions; Bacterial diseases; Liver; Disease resistance; Haematology; Flavobacterium columnare; Ictalurus punctatus; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.2003.00489.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Amycolatopsis kentuckyensis sp. nov., Amycolatopsis lexingtonensis sp. nov. and Amycolatopsis pretoriensis sp. nov., isolated from equine placentas AN - 19164784; 5766582 AB - Actinomycete strains isolated from lesions on equine placentas from two horses in Kentucky and one in South Africa were subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Chemotaxonomic and morphological characteristics indicated that the isolates are members of the genus Amycolatopsis. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA sequences, the isolates are related most closely to Amycolatopsis mediterranei. Physiological characteristics of these strains indicated that they do not belong to A. mediterranei and DNA relatedness determinations confirmed that these strains represent three novel species of the genus Amycolatopsis, for which the names Amycolatopsis kentuckyensis (type strain, NRRL B-24129 super(T)=LDDC 9447-99 super(T)=DSM 44652 super(T)), Amycolatopsis lexingtonensis (type strain, NRRL B-24131 super(T)=LDDC 12275-99 super(T)=DSM 44653 super(T)) and Amycolatopsis pretoriensis (type strain, NRRL B-24133 super(T)=ARC OV1 0181 super(T)=DSM 44654 super(T)) are proposed. JF - International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology AU - Labeda, D P AU - Donahue, J M AU - Williams, N M AU - Sells, S F AU - Henton, M M AD - Microbial Genomics and Bioprocessing Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA Agricultural Research Service, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA, labedadp@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - Sep 2003 SP - 1601 EP - 1605 VL - 53 IS - 5 SN - 1466-5026, 1466-5026 KW - horses KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Amycolatopsis pretoriensis KW - Animal isolates KW - USA, Kentucky KW - Placenta KW - Morphology KW - Amycolatopsis kentuckyensis KW - Taxonomy KW - South Africa KW - rRNA 16S KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19164784?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Systematic+and+Evolutionary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Amycolatopsis+kentuckyensis+sp.+nov.%2C+Amycolatopsis+lexingtonensis+sp.+nov.+and+Amycolatopsis+pretoriensis+sp.+nov.%2C+isolated+from+equine+placentas&rft.au=Labeda%2C+D+P%3BDonahue%2C+J+M%3BWilliams%2C+N+M%3BSells%2C+S+F%3BHenton%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Labeda&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1601&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Systematic+and+Evolutionary+Microbiology&rft.issn=14665026&rft_id=info:doi/10.1099%2Fijs.0.02691-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Amycolatopsis kentuckyensis; Amycolatopsis pretoriensis; USA, Kentucky; South Africa; Placenta; Animal isolates; Morphology; Taxonomy; rRNA 16S DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.02691-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating cotton evapotranspiration crop coefficients with a multispectral vegetation index AN - 19149361; 5723873 AB - Crop coefficients are a widely used and universally accepted method for estimating the crop evapotranspiration (ET sub(c)) component in irrigation scheduling programs. However, uncertainties of generalized basal crop coefficient (K sub(cb)) curves can contribute to ET sub(c) estimates that are substantially different from actual ET sub(c). Limited research with corn has shown improvements to irrigation scheduling due to better water-use estimation and more appropriate timing of irrigations whenK sub(cb) estimates derived from remotely sensed multispectral vegetation indices (VIs) were incorporated into irrigation-scheduling algorithms. The purpose of this article was to develop and evaluate aK sub(cb) estimation model based on observations of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for a full-season cotton grown in the desert southwestern USA. TheK sub(cb) data used in developing the relationship with NDVI were derived from back-calculations of the FAO-56 dual crop coefficient procedures using field data obtained during two cotton experiments conducted during 1990 and 1991 at a site in central Arizona. The estimation model consisted of two regression relations: a linear function ofK sub(cb) versus NDVI (r super(2)=0.97,n=68) used to estimateK sub(cb) from early vegetative growth to effective full cover, and a multiple regression ofK sub(cb) as a function of NDVI and cumulative growing-degree-days (GDD) (r super(2)=0.82,n=64) used to estimateK sub(cb) after effective full cover was attained. The NDVI for cotton at effective full cover was ~0.80; this value was used to mark the point at which the model transferred from the linear to the multiple regression function. An initial evaluation of the performance of the model was made by incorporatingK sub(cb) estimates, based on NDVI measurements and the developed regression functions, within the FAO-56 dual procedures and comparing the estimated ET sub(c) with field observations from two cotton plots collected during an experiment in central Arizona in 1998. Preliminary results indicate that the ET sub(c) based on the NDVI-K sub(cb) model provided close estimates of actual ET sub(c). JF - Irrigation Science AU - Hunsaker, D J AU - Pinter, P J AU - Barnes, E M AU - Kimball, BA AD - US Water Conservation Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 4331 East Broadway Road, 85040, Phoenix, AZ, USA, dhunsaker@uswcl.ars.ag.gov Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - September 2003 SP - 95 EP - 104 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 22 IS - 2 SN - 0342-7188, 0342-7188 KW - USA, Arizona KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Remote Sensing KW - Regression Analysis KW - Performance Evaluation KW - Cotton KW - Estimating KW - Evapotranspiration KW - Irrigation Scheduling KW - Data Interpretation KW - Model Studies KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 0830:Evaporation and transpiration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19149361?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irrigation+Science&rft.atitle=Estimating+cotton+evapotranspiration+crop+coefficients+with+a+multispectral+vegetation+index&rft.au=Hunsaker%2C+D+J%3BPinter%2C+P+J%3BBarnes%2C+E+M%3BKimball%2C+BA&rft.aulast=Hunsaker&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Irrigation+Science&rft.issn=03427188&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00271-003-0074-6 L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00271/bibs/3022002/30220095.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Remote Sensing; Regression Analysis; Performance Evaluation; Cotton; Estimating; Evapotranspiration; Irrigation Scheduling; Data Interpretation; Model Studies DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00271-003-0074-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Calibration of Submerged Radial Gates AN - 18955040; 5742668 AB - Calibration equations for free-flowing radial gates typically provide sufficient accuracy for irrigation district operations. However, many water purveyors have difficulty in determining accurate discharges when the downstream water level begins to submerge the gate. Based on experimental laboratory studies, we have developed a new calibration method for free-flowing and submerged radial gates that allows for multiple gates and widely varying upstream and downstream channel conditions. The method uses the energy equation on the upstream side of the structure and the momentum equation on the downstream side, and thus is called the Energy-Momentum Method. An iterative solution is required to solve these two equations, but this allows calibration from free flow to submerged flow continuously through the transition. Adjustments to the energy equation for free flow are described, along with an additional energy adjustment for the transition to submerged flow. An application is used to describe the new procedure and how it overcomes the limitations of current energy-based methods. JF - Journal of Hydraulic Engineering AU - Clemmens, A J AU - Strelkoff, T S AU - Replogle, JA AD - U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 4331 E. Broadway, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA, bclemmens@uswcl.ars.ag.gov Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - September 2003 SP - 680 EP - 687 VL - 129 IS - 9 SN - 0733-9429, 0733-9429 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Experimental Data KW - Energy Equation KW - Mathematical Studies KW - Calibrations KW - Momentum Equation KW - Flow Discharge KW - Radial Gates KW - Water Level KW - SW 6030:Hydraulic machinery UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18955040?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydraulic+Engineering&rft.atitle=Calibration+of+Submerged+Radial+Gates&rft.au=Clemmens%2C+A+J%3BStrelkoff%2C+T+S%3BReplogle%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Clemmens&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=129&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=680&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydraulic+Engineering&rft.issn=07339429&rft_id=info:doi/10.1061%2F%28ASCE%290733-9429%282003%29129%3A9%28680%29 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Energy Equation; Experimental Data; Mathematical Studies; Momentum Equation; Calibrations; Flow Discharge; Radial Gates; Water Level DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2003)129:9(680) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of drought stressed cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., on beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Huebner), oviposition, and larval feeding preferences and growth AN - 18954286; 5741648 AB - The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Huebner), has been anecdotally reported to oviposit more on drought stressed than on nonstressed cotton plants. Using potted cotton plants in cages, this study demonstrated that beet armyworms deposited 3.3, 4.6, and 2.3 times more (P less than or equal to 0.05) eggs on cotton plants that were grown on 1500, 1000, and 750 ml water/wk, respectively, than on cotton plants grown in well watered (4000 ml water/wk) soil. Third instars, however, showed no preference for stressed cotton foliage over nonstressed foliage. Third instar beet armyworms raised on well watered cotton plants were 1.5, 2.3, and 2.6 times heavier than those reared on cotton grown in the 1500, 1000, and 750 ml water/wk plants (P less than or equal to 0.05), respectively. Physiochemical analyses showed that drought stressed leaves had significantly greater accumulations of free amino acids that are essential for insect growth and development. Soluble protein and soluble carbohydrates were also more abundant in stressed leaves compared to nonstressed leaves. Despite the apparent increase in nutritional quality in drought stressed plants, larval survival was reduced, probably because the limiting factor became water. Greater amounts of cotton leaf area were consumed from drought stressed leaves (P less than or equal to 0.05) than from nonstressed leaves, probably because the larvae had to metabolize greater portions of assimilated energy to supplement body water with metabolic water derived from respiration. The association of greater host plant nutritional quality to oviposition preference, and conversely, to reduced survivorship, is discussed. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Showler, A T AU - Moran, P J AD - Integrated Farming and Natural Resources Research Unit, Kika de la Garza Subtropical Agricultural Research Center, USDA--ARS SARC, 2412 East Highway 83, Weslaco, Texas 78596, USA, ashowler@weslaco.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - Sep 2003 SP - 1997 EP - 2012 VL - 29 IS - 9 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Beet armyworm KW - Lepidoptera KW - Noctuid moths KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Nutrition KW - Host plants KW - Gossypium hirsutum KW - Growth KW - Spodoptera exigua KW - Noctuidae KW - Feeding behavior KW - Droughts KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25503:Insects KW - Z 05199:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18954286?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+drought+stressed+cotton%2C+Gossypium+hirsutum+L.%2C+on+beet+armyworm%2C+Spodoptera+exigua+%28Huebner%29%2C+oviposition%2C+and+larval+feeding+preferences+and+growth&rft.au=Showler%2C+A+T%3BMoran%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Showler&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1997&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gossypium hirsutum; Spodoptera exigua; Noctuidae; Droughts; Feeding behavior; Growth; Host plants; Nutrition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors Influencing the Production of a Novel Compound, 7,10-Dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic Acid, by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PR3 (NRRL B-18602) in Batch Cultures AN - 18953976; 5741431 AB - Pseudomonas aeruginosa PR3 (NRRL B-18602) converts oleic acid to a novel compound, 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid (DOD). Parameters that included medium volume, cell growth time, gyration speed, pH, substrate concentration, and dissolved oxygen concentration were evaluated for a scale-up production of DOD in batch cultures using Fernbach flasks and a bench-top bioreactor. Maximum production of about 2 g DOD (38% yield) was attained in Fernbach flasks containing 500 ml medium when cells were grown at 28 degree C and 300 rpm for 16-20 h and the culture was adjusted to pH 7 prior to substrate addition. Increases of medium volume and substrate concentration failed to enhance yield. When batch cultures were initially conducted in a reactor, excessive foaming occurred that made the bioconversion process inoperable. This was overcome by a new aeration mechanism that provided adequate dissolved oxygen to the fermentation culture. Under the optimal conditions of 650 rpm, 28 degree C, and 40-60% dissolved oxygen concentration, DOD production reached about 40 g (40% yield) in 4.5 L culture medium using a 7-L reactor vessel. This is the first report on a successful scale-up production of DOD. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Kuo, T M AU - Lanser, A C AD - Microbial Genomics and Bioprocessing Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA, US Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - Sep 2003 SP - 186 EP - 191 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 47 IS - 3 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - 7,10-Dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Fermentation KW - Bioreactors KW - Substrates KW - Pseudomonas aeruginosa KW - pH effects KW - Oleic acid KW - Media (culture) KW - Batch culture KW - A 01002:Acids, amino acids, peptides & proteins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18953976?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Factors+Influencing+the+Production+of+a+Novel+Compound%2C+7%2C10-Dihydroxy-8%28E%29-octadecenoic+Acid%2C+by+Pseudomonas+aeruginosa+PR3+%28NRRL+B-18602%29+in+Batch+Cultures&rft.au=Kuo%2C+T+M%3BLanser%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Kuo&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=186&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00284-002-3983-3 L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00284/bibs/3047003/30470186.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Oleic acid; Media (culture); pH effects; Substrates; Bioreactors; Batch culture; Fermentation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00284-002-3983-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydrothermal germination response and the development of probabilistic germination profiles AN - 18953481; 5705370 AB - Millions of acres of rangeland in the western United States are now dominated by introduced annual weeds such as cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.). The ability to germinate rapidly at low temperatures has been proposed as one of many mechanisms that confer a competitive advantage to this species. Previous studies of this phenomenon, however, have been limited to relatively simple comparisons of total germinability and germination rate under selected constant-temperature treatments. In this study, we germinated seeds of cheatgrass and two native perennial bunchgrass species, bluebunch wheatgrass [Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh) Loeve] and big squirreltail [Elymus multisetus (J.G. Smith) M.E. Jones], over the temperature range of 0-36 degree C and water potential range of 0 to-2.5 MPa. A hydrothermal germination model was constructed to predict germination rate response for the 10, 25 and 50th percentile seed subpopulations. Germination rate estimates were predicted for each species, seedlot and subpopulation for every hour of a 38-year simulation of seedbed temperature and water potential. The seasonal and annual distributions of potential germination rate were integrated to assess relative seedlot response across a wide-range of microclimatic conditions. The integrated response-potential of cheatgrass was consistent with previous studies but the absolute magnitude of enhanced germination rate was relatively small compared to expected differences in seed numbers between cheatgrass and planted species in the field. Historical patterns of seedbed microclimate and predicted germination response may be useful in assessing and optimizing alternative field planting scenarios. Inclusion of weather forecasting and seedbed modeling may provide real-time management options for improving rangeland seeding success. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Hardegree, S P AU - Flerchinger, G N AU - Van Vactor, SS AD - USDA-ARS, Northwest Watershed Research Center, 800 Park Blvd. Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712, USA, shardegr@nwrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - Sep 2003 SP - 305 EP - 322 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 167 IS - 3 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Rangelands KW - USA, West KW - Seed germination KW - Bromus tectorum KW - Pseudoroegneria spicata KW - Models KW - Elymus multisetus KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18953481?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=Hydrothermal+germination+response+and+the+development+of+probabilistic+germination+profiles&rft.au=Hardegree%2C+S+P%3BFlerchinger%2C+G+N%3BVan+Vactor%2C+SS&rft.aulast=Hardegree&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=167&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=305&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0304-3800%2803%2900192-3 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bromus tectorum; Pseudoroegneria spicata; Elymus multisetus; USA, West; Seed germination; Models; Rangelands; Temperature effects DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(03)00192-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simulating detection of cattle-fever tick (Boophilus spp.) infestations in rotational grazing systems AN - 18951045; 5705368 AB - To evaluate the relative influence of ecological and management factors on the probability of detecting cattle-fever tick (Boophilus microplus and Boophilus annulatus) infestations in rotational grazing systems, we adapted a simulation model of Teel et al. [J. Range Manage. 51 (1998) 501] that examines interactions among Boophilus ticks, cattle, and habitat type under rotational grazing systems developed for semi-arid shrublands of south Texas. We added a submodel that estimates probability of inspectors detecting Boophilus-tick infestations when examining 1, 20, 40, or 80 cows in a tick- infested herd of 80 cattle. Results indicate that probability of detecting infestations depends most on season of initial infestation; less heavily on rotational grazing strategy, habitat type, and number of cows inspected; and only moderately on initial number of infesting tick larvae. Results showed high detection probabilities (=>0.95) usually exist as temporal windows of opportunity during brief but definite periods; outside these windows, detection of existing infestations becomes poor. Each halving of the number of cows inspected tended to shorten duration of these windows by approximately 40%. Probability of detecting tick infestations, however, also depends strongly on inspector training, cow behavior, and weather, factors that we set as implicit constants. Models such as this one can indicate gaps in knowledge about the influence of biophysical and human factors on detection efforts in tick eradication or control programs, estimate magnitude and duration of Boophilus-tick infestations, and indicate potentially favorable inspection periods. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Corson AU - Teel, P D AU - Grant, W E AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, Building 3702, Curtin Road, University Park, PA 16802-3702, USA, m-corson@psu.edu Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - Sep 2003 SP - 277 EP - 286 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 167 IS - 3 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - Acari KW - Ticks KW - cattle KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Parasites KW - Grazing KW - Ixodidae KW - Livestock KW - Models KW - Boophilus KW - Environment management KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18951045?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=Simulating+detection+of+cattle-fever+tick+%28Boophilus+spp.%29+infestations+in+rotational+grazing+systems&rft.au=Corson%3BTeel%2C+P+D%3BGrant%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Corson&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=167&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0304-3800%2803%2900194-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ixodidae; Boophilus; Models; Grazing; Livestock; Parasites; Environment management DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(03)00194-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ionophores: Their Use as Ruminant Growth Promotants and Impact on Food Safety AN - 18948796; 5735573 AB - Ionophores (such as monensin, lasalocid, laidlomycin, salinomycin and narasin) are antimicrobial compounds that are commonly fed to ruminant animals to improve feed efficiency. These antimicrobials specifically target the ruminal bacterial population and alter the microbial ecology of the intestinal microbial consortium, resulting in increased carbon and nitrogen retention by the animal, increasing production efficiency. Ionophores transport ions across cell membranes of susceptible bacteria, dissipating ion gradients and uncoupling energy expenditures from growth, killing these bacteria. Not all bacteria are susceptible to ionophores, and several species have been shown to develop several mechanisms of ionophore resistance. The prophylactic use of antimicrobials as growth promotants in food animals has fallen under greater scrutiny due to fears of the spread of antibiotic resistance. Because of the complexity and high degree of specificity of ionophore resistance, it appears that ionophores do not contribute to the development of antibiotic resistance to important human drugs. Therefore it appears that ionophores will continue to play a significant role in improving the efficiency of animal production in the future. JF - Current Issues in Intestinal Microbiology AU - Callaway, T R AU - Edrington, T S AU - Rychlik, J L AU - Genovese, K J AU - Poole, T L AU - Jung, Y S AU - Bischoff, K M AU - Anderson, R C AU - Nisbet, D J AD - Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, 2881 F and B Rd., Agricultural Research Service, USDA, College Station, TX 77845, USA, callaway@ffsru.tamu.edu Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - Sep 2003 SP - 43 EP - 51 VL - 4 IS - 2 SN - 1466-531X, 1466-531X KW - food safety KW - Ruminants KW - laidlomycin KW - lasalocid KW - monensin KW - narasin KW - salinomycin KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Ruminantia KW - Cell membranes KW - Reviews KW - Intestine KW - Prophylaxis KW - Ionophores KW - Feeds KW - A 01014:Others KW - J 02812:Antibacterial Agents: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18948796?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Issues+in+Intestinal+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Ionophores%3A+Their+Use+as+Ruminant+Growth+Promotants+and+Impact+on+Food+Safety&rft.au=Callaway%2C+T+R%3BEdrington%2C+T+S%3BRychlik%2C+J+L%3BGenovese%2C+K+J%3BPoole%2C+T+L%3BJung%2C+Y+S%3BBischoff%2C+K+M%3BAnderson%2C+R+C%3BNisbet%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Callaway&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Issues+in+Intestinal+Microbiology&rft.issn=1466531X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ruminantia; Reviews; Feeds; Cell membranes; Prophylaxis; Intestine; Ionophores ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Accelerated Hatching of Southern Leopard Frog (Rana sphenocephala) Eggs in Response to the Presence of a Crayfish (Procambarus nigrocinctus) Predator AN - 18938374; 5712886 AB - Phenotypic plasticity, such as morphological and behavioral changes in response to predators, is common in larval anurans. Less is known about inducible defenses in the embryonic stages of development. We investigated the predation risk imposed by crayfish (Procambarus nigrocinctus) on southern leopard frog (Rana sphenocephala) eggs and whether crayfish presence induces a change in the timing of hatching of R. sphenocephala eggs. We found that crayfish significantly reduce the hatching success of R. sphenocephala eggs by eating them and that eggs hatch significantly faster in the presence of crayfish than when crayfish are not present. We also found that the nonlethal presence of crayfish (caged with no access to eggs) induced accelerated hatching, indicating that injured conspecifics are not required to elicit the response. Reception of chemical cues produced or released by crayfish may play an important role in survival of R. sphenocephala eggs. JF - Copeia AU - Saenz, D AU - Johnson, J B AU - Adams, C K AU - Dayton, G H AD - Wildlife Habitat and Silviculture Laboratory, Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Nacogdoches, Texas 75965, c_saenzd@titan.sfasu.edu Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - September 2003 SP - 646 EP - 649 PB - The American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists VL - 2003 IS - 3 SN - 0045-8511, 0045-8511 KW - Inducible defenses KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Chemoreception Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Procambarus nigrocinctus KW - Freshwater KW - Eggs KW - Predator-prey interactions KW - Chemical stimuli KW - Rana sphenocephala KW - Predator prey interactions KW - Freshwater crustaceans KW - Chemical communication KW - Embryos KW - Hatching KW - Freshwater ecology KW - Q1 08483:Species interactions: general KW - Q1 08286:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - R 18055:Sexual behavior KW - Q1 08324:Reproduction and development KW - D 04669:Amphibians UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18938374?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Copeia&rft.atitle=Accelerated+Hatching+of+Southern+Leopard+Frog+%28Rana+sphenocephala%29+Eggs+in+Response+to+the+Presence+of+a+Crayfish+%28Procambarus+nigrocinctus%29+Predator&rft.au=Saenz%2C+D%3BJohnson%2C+J+B%3BAdams%2C+C+K%3BDayton%2C+G+H&rft.aulast=Saenz&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=2003&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=646&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Copeia&rft.issn=00458511&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0045-8511%282003%29003%280646%3AAHOSLF%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chemical stimuli; Predator prey interactions; Freshwater crustaceans; Embryos; Hatching; Freshwater ecology; Eggs; Predator-prey interactions; Chemical communication; Procambarus nigrocinctus; Rana sphenocephala; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0045-8511(2003)003(0646:AHOSLF)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response of Mountain Yellow-Legged Frogs, Rana muscosa, to Short Distance Translocation AN - 18935579; 5712618 AB - To determine the response of Mountain Yellow-Legged Frogs to short distance translocations, I placed transmitters on 20 adult frogs and moved them short distances from 144-630 m and monitored their responses for up to 30 days. Of the 20 translocated frogs, seven frogs returned to their original capture site, four frogs moved in the direction of their capture site but had not returned by the end of the study, and nine frogs did not return and were found at the translocation site. Apparently, displacing frogs was stressful, and translocated frogs lost body mass during the study period. Eighteen translocated frogs that were weighed at the beginning and end of the study lost body mass (mean loss was -1.2 g) compared to a group of 18 randomly selected PIT tagged frogs also weighed during the same tracking period (mean gain in body mass = 2.5 g) at our Kings Canyon study site. Translocation of adult Rana muscosa as a conservation tool may not be effective because some would simply attempt to return to their original capture site, and their homing may be stressful to an already declining frog population. JF - Journal of Herpetology AU - Matthews, K R AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, P.O. Box 245, Berkeley, California 94701, USA, kmatthews@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - September 2003 SP - 621 EP - 626 PB - The Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles VL - 37 IS - 3 SN - 0022-1511, 0022-1511 KW - Mountain yellow-legged frog KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - Biological stress KW - Transplantation KW - Body mass KW - Homing behaviour KW - Freshwater KW - Behavioural responses KW - Rana muscosa KW - Nature conservation KW - Conservation KW - USA, California KW - USA, California, Kings Canyon Natl. Park KW - Translocation KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - Y 25504:Vertebrates (excluding fish, birds & mammals) KW - Q1 08321:General KW - Q1 08423:Behaviour KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18935579?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Herpetology&rft.atitle=Response+of+Mountain+Yellow-Legged+Frogs%2C+Rana+muscosa%2C+to+Short+Distance+Translocation&rft.au=Matthews%2C+K+R&rft.aulast=Matthews&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=621&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Herpetology&rft.issn=00221511&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-1511%282003%29037%280621%3AROMYFR%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological stress; Transplantation; Nature conservation; Homing behaviour; Behavioural responses; Body mass; Conservation; Translocation; Rana muscosa; USA, California; USA, California, Kings Canyon Natl. Park; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-1511(2003)037(0621:ROMYFR)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aflatoxin contamination of commercial cottonseed in South Texas AN - 18893501; 5763463 AB - Aflatoxins are toxic fungal metabolites produced by several members of Aspergillus section Flavi. U.S. federal regulations limit the use of aflatoxin-contaminated cottonseed. Cottonseed with aflatoxin content of 20 ng/g or higher may not enter the profitable dairy market. Between 4,472 and 9,949 truckloads of cottonseed from 31 to 35 gins in South Texas were analyzed for aflatoxin content each year from 1997 to 2001 upon receipt at the Valley Co-op Oil Mill in Harlingen, TX. The highest levels of contamination occurred in 1999, with an average aflatoxin content of 112 ng/g and 66% of the cottonseed truckloads exceeding 20 ng/g. Years 1997 and 2000 had the lowest aflatoxin levels, averaging 24 ng/g, with the lowest incidence (16%) of the truckloads exceeding 20 ng/g in 1997. In general, aflatoxin contamination increased as the ginning season progressed. Rainfall after boll opening correlated highly with aflatoxin content, with rainfall in July explaining over 50% of the observed variability in aflatoxin content. South Texas was divided into four regions: Rio Grande Valley, Coastal Bend, Upper Coast, and Winter Garden. Geostatistical analyses revealed recurrent patterns of high and low contamination. The greatest contamination occurred from the central Coastal Bend region through the southern Upper Coast region. The Rio Grande Valley region experienced the least contamination during the study period. JF - Phytopathology AU - Jaime-Garcia, R AU - Cotty, P J AD - US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service-SRRC, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70124, USA, pjcotty@srrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - Sep 2003 SP - 1190 EP - 1200 VL - 93 IS - 9 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - cottonseed KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18893501?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Aflatoxin+contamination+of+commercial+cottonseed+in+South+Texas&rft.au=Jaime-Garcia%2C+R%3BCotty%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Jaime-Garcia&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1190&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of resistance to ergot, caused by Claviceps purpurea, in Kentucky bluegrass, based on incidence and severity estimates AN - 18893286; 5763238 AB - Ergot, caused by Claviceps purpurea, is an important disease of Kentucky bluegrass grown for seed. Resistance is a preferred means of disease control, although approaches to evaluating ergot resistance in Kentucky bluegrass are not well established. A large scale disease assessment trial was established to compare within-year and year-to-year variability among measures of ergot incidence or severity in Kentucky bluegrass and to determine the most efficient approaches for cultivar evaluation. The susceptibility of 104 Kentucky bluegrass cultivars (78 commercial and 26 experimental) to ergot was assessed, based on percentage of panicles with sclerotia (incidence), sclerotia per panicle (severity), percentage of seeds replaced by sclerotia, or percentage of sclerotia among seed by weight. Cultivar ranking for susceptibility within years was similar for all methods of ergot assessment. Yearly mean incidence of ergot among cultivars ranged from 1.0 to 97.5% for susceptible cv. HV102 to 0.0 to 2.5% for resistant cv. Huntsville, with remaining cultivars distributed between the extremes. Yearly mean values of ergot incidence and severity differed among years. Much of this variability was due to days with rain during the period from flower initiation to maturity (period of susceptibility). Disease incidence was correlated (P less than or equal to 0.05) with days with rain in 22 of the cultivars. Duration of flowering was correlated (P less than or equal to 0.05) with ergot incidence in 11 cultivars. Results from this study suggest that variability in host and environment would likely offset any gain in precision of severity data. In large trials in particular, collection of incidence data (percentage of panicles with ergot) would provide the most timely and efficient means for ergot assessment. JF - Plant Disease AU - Alderman, S C AU - Barker, R E AD - USDA-ARS, National Forage Seed Production Research Center, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA, aldermas@onid.orst.edu Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - Sep 2003 SP - 1043 EP - 1047 VL - 87 IS - 9 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Kentucky bluegrass KW - ergot KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18893286?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+resistance+to+ergot%2C+caused+by+Claviceps+purpurea%2C+in+Kentucky+bluegrass%2C+based+on+incidence+and+severity+estimates&rft.au=Alderman%2C+S+C%3BBarker%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Alderman&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1043&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification and molecular mapping of a gene in wheat conferring resistance to Mycosphaerella graminicola AN - 18892986; 5763464 AB - Septoria tritici leaf blotch (STB), caused by the ascomycete Mycosphaerella graminicola (anamorph Septoria tritici), is an economically important disease of wheat. Breeding for resistance to STB is the most effective means to control this disease and can be facilitated through the use of molecular markers. However, molecular markers linked to most genes for resistance to STB are not yet available. This study was conducted to test for resistance in the parents of a standard wheat mapping population and to map any resistance genes identified. The population consisted of 130 F sub(10) recombinant-inbred lines (RILs) from a cross between the synthetic hexaploid wheat W7984 and cv. Opata 85. Genetic analysis indicated that a single major gene controls resistance to M. graminicola in this population. This putative resistance gene is now designated Stb8 and was mapped with respect to amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and microsatellite markers. An AFLP marker, EcoRI-ACG/MseI-CAG5, was linked in repulsion with the resistance gene at a distance of approximately 5.3 centimorgans (cM). Two flanking microsatellite markers, Xgwm146 and Xgwm577, were linked to the Stb8 gene on the long arm of wheat chromosome 7B at distances of 3.5 and 5.3 cM, respectively. The microsatellite markers identified in this study have potential for use in marker-assisted selection in breeding programs and for pyramiding of Stb8 with other genes for resistance to M. graminicola in wheat. JF - Phytopathology AU - Adhikari, T B AU - Anderson, J M AU - Goodwin, S B AD - Crop Production and Pest Control Research, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, 915 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA, sgoodwin@purdue.edu Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - Sep 2003 SP - 1158 EP - 1164 VL - 93 IS - 9 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Stb8 gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18892986?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Identification+and+molecular+mapping+of+a+gene+in+wheat+conferring+resistance+to+Mycosphaerella+graminicola&rft.au=Adhikari%2C+T+B%3BAnderson%2C+J+M%3BGoodwin%2C+S+B&rft.aulast=Adhikari&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1158&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution of norditerpene alkaloids in tall larkspur plant parts through the growing season AN - 18887448; 5741649 AB - Previous research showed that toxic and total alkaloid pools in tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi) increased during early growth, then declined precipitously during the late flower and pod stage of growth. The objective of this study was to measure the concentration and pools of toxic and total alkaloids in tall larkspur plant parts, including roots, and to evaluate the changes in these pools over the growing season as an estimate of diterpenoid alkaloid kinetics in tall larkspur. Twenty entire plants were harvested at each phenological stage: beginning of growth in the spring, early flower, early pod, late pod, and senescence. The plants were separated into their respective parts, freeze-dried, extracted, and analyzed for toxic and total alkaloid concentration, and alkaloid pools were calculated. Concentration of toxic and total alkaloids in leaves and stems declined as the plants matured, while concentration in flowers and pods increased (P < 0.004). Concentration of alkaloids in the root declined in the early growth, then increased at the end of the season (P = 0.002). Alkaloid pools in the root decreased during early growth, with a corresponding increase of pools in foliar parts. In the late flower and pod stage, alkaloid pools in the leaves and stems declined rapidly, while the pool in the crown and roots tended to increase. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Ralphs, M H AU - Gardner AD - USDA/ARS Poisonous Plant Laboratory, 1150 E. 1400 N. Logan, Utah 84341, USA, mralphs@cc.usu.edu Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - Sep 2003 SP - 2013 EP - 2022 VL - 29 IS - 9 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - alkaloids KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18887448?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Distribution+of+norditerpene+alkaloids+in+tall+larkspur+plant+parts+through+the+growing+season&rft.au=Ralphs%2C+M+H%3BGardner&rft.aulast=Ralphs&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2013&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diagnostic Implications of Antigen-Induced Gamma Interferon, Nitric Oxide, and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Production by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Mycobacterium bovis-Infected Cattle AN - 18876218; 5707949 AB - Bovine tuberculosis in the United States has proven costly to cattle producers as well as to government regulatory agencies. While in vivo responsiveness to mycobacterial antigens is the current standard for the diagnosis of tuberculosis, in vitro assays are gaining acceptance, especially as ancillary or complementary tests. To evaluate in vitro indices of cellular sensitization, antigen-induced gamma interferon (IFN- gamma ), nitric oxide (NO), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF- alpha ) responses by blood mononuclear cells from Mycobacterium bovis-infected cattle were quantified and compared. Using an aerosol model of infection, two doses of each of two strains of M. bovis (95-1315 and HC-2045T) were used to induce a range of IFN- gamma , NO, and TNF- alpha responses. Infection-specific increases in NO, but not in IFN- gamma or TNF- alpha , were detected in nonstimulated cultures at 48 h, a finding that is indicative of nonspecific activation and spontaneous release of NO. The infective dose of M. bovis organisms also influenced responses. At 34 days postinfection, IFN- gamma , NO, and TNF- alpha responses in antigen-stimulated cells from cattle receiving 10 CFU of M. bovis organisms were greater than responses of cells from cattle infected with 10 CFU of M. bovis organisms. The NO response, but not the IFN- gamma and TNF- alpha responses, was influenced by infective strains of M. bovis. The TNF- alpha , NO, and IFN- gamma responses followed similar kinetics, with strong positive associations among the three readouts. Overall, these findings indicate that NO and TNF- alpha , like IFN- gamma , may prove useful as indices for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis. JF - Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology AU - Waters, W R AU - Palmer, M V AU - Whipple, D L AU - Carlson, M P AU - Nonnecke, B J AD - Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, 2300 Dayton Ave., P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010-0070, rwaters@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - Sep 2003 SP - 960 EP - 966 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 10 IS - 5 SN - 1071-412X, 1071-412X KW - cattle KW - infection KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18876218?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.atitle=Diagnostic+Implications+of+Antigen-Induced+Gamma+Interferon%2C+Nitric+Oxide%2C+and+Tumor+Necrosis+Factor+Alpha+Production+by+Peripheral+Blood+Mononuclear+Cells+from+Mycobacterium+bovis-Infected+Cattle&rft.au=Waters%2C+W+R%3BPalmer%2C+M+V%3BWhipple%2C+D+L%3BCarlson%2C+M+P%3BNonnecke%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Waters&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=960&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.issn=1071412X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FCDLI.10.5.960-966.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.10.5.960-966.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Female tannin avoidance: a possible explanation for habitat and dietary segregation of giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis peralta ) in Niger AN - 18874553; 5729845 AB - Niger is host to the last free-roaming herd of G.c. peralta (Giraffa camelopardalis peralta). We examined the foraging preferences of these giraffe in their dry-season habitats, with the goal of preserving the herd in the regions that they currently inhabit. The current dry-season habitat comprises two distinct vegetation zones. In both of these zones the giraffe must exist alongside the people of this region. The giraffes exhibit a sexual segregation in their dry-season habitat selection and forage choices. The females show a strong preference for the intermediate zone (IM) when lactating. The males and pregnant females show a preference for the Dallol Bosso (DB). Nursing cows exhibit an avoidance of tannins. Bulls and non-nursing cows prefer high protein and high fat forage, while subadults show a strong preference for high protein and carbohydrate contents and moderate tannin levels. Combretum glutinosum is the preferred species for adults of both sexes in the IM. Males and females have strong preferences for both Acacia nilotica and Acacia seyal in the DB. Sub-adults of both sexes strongly prefer Prosopis africana in the IM. Unlike females, males retain their preference for A. nilotica when in the IM.Original Abstract: Le Niger abrite la derniere population sauvage de Giraffa camelopardalis peralta. Nous avons etudie les preferences alimentaires de ces girafes dans leurs habitats de saison seche, dans le but de maintenir cette population dans les regions qu'elle occupe actuellement. L'habitat actuel de saison seche comprend deux zones de vegetation distinctes. Dans les deux zones, les girafes doivent cohabiter avec les gens de la region. Les girafes presentent une segregation sexuelle tant dans la selection de l'habitat de saison seche que dans les choix alimentaires. Les femelles allaitantes manifestent une forte preference pour la zone intermediaire (IM). Les males et les femelles pleines montrent une preference pour le Dallol Bosso (DB). Les femelles qui s'occupent de jeunes evitent visiblement les tanins. Les males et les femelles sans jeune preferent un fourrage riche en proteines et en graisses, tandis que les subadultes manifestent une forte preference pour un contenu eleve en proteines et en hydrates de carbone et des taux de tanins moderes. Combretum glutinosum est l'espece preferee des adultes des deux sexes dans la IM. Les males et les femelles preferent nettement Acacia nilotica et Acacia seyal dans le DB. Les subadultes des deux sexes preferent nettement Prosopis africana dans la IM. Contrairement aux femelles, les males conservent leur preference pour A. nilotica lorsqu'ils sont dans la IM. JF - African Journal of Ecology AU - Caister, LE AU - Shields, WM AU - Gosser, A AD - SUNY College of Environmental Science & Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA, USDA, APHIS, WS, 1930 Rout 9, Castleton, NY 12033, USA, wms1@syr.edu Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - Sep 2003 SP - 201 EP - 210 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 41 IS - 3 SN - 0141-6707, 0141-6707 KW - avoidance behavior KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04672:Mammals KW - Y 25507:Mammals (excluding primates) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18874553?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=African+Journal+of+Ecology&rft.atitle=Female+tannin+avoidance%3A+a+possible+explanation+for+habitat+and+dietary+segregation+of+giraffes+%28Giraffa+camelopardalis+peralta+%29+in+Niger&rft.au=Caister%2C+LE%3BShields%2C+WM%3BGosser%2C+A&rft.aulast=Caister&rft.aufirst=LE&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=African+Journal+of+Ecology&rft.issn=01416707&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2028.2003.00422.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2028.2003.00422.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Early Induction of Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses during Experimental Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Infection of Calves AN - 18869303; 5695470 AB - Johne's disease (paratuberculosis) of cattle is widespread and causes significant economic losses for producers due to decreased production and poor health of affected animals. The chronic nature of the disease and the lack of a reproducible model of infection hinder research efforts. In the present study, instillation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis into the tonsillar crypts of neonatal calves resulted in peripheral colonization as detected by antemortem culture of feces and postmortem (320 days postchallenge) culture of intestinal tissues. Antigen-specific blastogenic, gamma interferon (IFN- gamma ), and nitric oxide responses by blood mononuclear cells from infected calves exceeded prechallenge responses beginning 194 days postchallenge. Upon in vitro stimulation with paratuberculosis antigens, CD4 super(+) cells from infected calves proliferated, produced IFN- gamma , and increased expression of CD26 and CD45RO (indicative of an activated memory phenotype). Utilizing a lipoarabinomannan-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, specific serum immunoglobulin was detected as early as 134 days postchallenge and generally increased after this time point. Two antigens of similar to 50 and similar to 60 kDa were particularly immunodominant early in infection, as shown by immunoblot with serum collected within 2 weeks postchallenge. Findings indicate that the intratonsillar inoculation route will prove useful as an experimental model for paratuberculosis infection. Additionally, this study confirms that mycobacteria-specific antibody is detectable early in the course of experimental Johne's disease, even preceding the development of specific cell-mediated responses. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Waters, W R AU - Miller, J M AU - Palmer, M V AU - Stabel, J R AU - Jones, DE AU - Koistinen, KA AU - Steadham, E M AU - Hamilton, MJ AU - Davis, W C AU - Bannantine, J P AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010-0070, rwaters@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - Sep 2003 SP - 5130 EP - 5138 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 71 IS - 9 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - cattle KW - lipoarabinomannans KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - gamma -Interferon KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Immune response (cell-mediated) KW - Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis KW - Paratuberculosis KW - Vaccines KW - Lipoarabinomannans KW - Immunodominance KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18869303?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Early+Induction+of+Humoral+and+Cellular+Immune+Responses+during+Experimental+Mycobacterium+avium+subsp.+paratuberculosis+Infection+of+Calves&rft.au=Waters%2C+W+R%3BMiller%2C+J+M%3BPalmer%2C+M+V%3BStabel%2C+J+R%3BJones%2C+DE%3BKoistinen%2C+KA%3BSteadham%2C+E+M%3BHamilton%2C+MJ%3BDavis%2C+W+C%3BBannantine%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Waters&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=5130&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FIAI.71.9.5130-5138.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - gamma -Interferon; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Immune response (cell-mediated); Paratuberculosis; Vaccines; Lipoarabinomannans; Immunodominance; Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.71.9.5130-5138.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Restoration Gene Pool Concept: Beyond the Native Versus Non-Native Debate AN - 18866191; 5711679 AB - Restoration practitioners have long been faced with a dichotomous choice of native versus introduced plant material confounded by a general lack of consensus concerning what constitutes being native. The 'restoration gene pool' concept assigns plant materials to one of four restoration gene pools (primary to quaternary) in order of declining genetic correspondence to the target population. Adaptation is decoupled from genetic identity because they often do not correspond, particularly if ecosystem function of the disturbed site has been altered. Because use of plant material with highest genetic identity, that is, the primary restoration gene pool, may not be ultimately successful, material of higher order pools may be substituted. This decision can be made individually for each plant species in the restored plant community in the scientific context that ecosystem management demands. The restoration gene pool concept provides a place for cultivars of native species and noninvasive introduced plant material when use of native-site material is not feasible. The use of metapopulation polycrosses or composites and multiple-origin polycrosses or composites is encouraged as appropriate. The restoration gene pool concept can be implemented as a hierarchical decision-support tool within the larger context of planning seedings. JF - Restoration Ecology AU - Jones, T A AD - USDA-ARS Forage and Range Research Laboratory and Department of Forest, Range, and Wildlife Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, U.S.A., tomjones@cc.usu.edu Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - Sep 2003 SP - 281 EP - 290 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 1061-2971, 1061-2971 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - G 07270:Ecological genetics KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18866191?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Restoration+Ecology&rft.atitle=The+Restoration+Gene+Pool+Concept%3A+Beyond+the+Native+Versus+Non-Native+Debate&rft.au=Jones%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Restoration+Ecology&rft.issn=10612971&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1526-100X.2003.00064.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100X.2003.00064.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Flame Retardant Cotton Blend Highlofts AN - 18839741; 5725172 AB - Highloft nonwovens are low density fabrics characterized by a high ratio of thickness to weight per unit area, which means that highlofts contain considerable void volume. They are usually made of synthetic fibers. The present research effort was directed to study cotton blended highlofts. The major problems with using cotton in highlofts are cotton's high flammability and lack of resiliency. The objective of this research was to carry out single-bath chemical finishing of perpendicular-laid (P-laid) highlofts to afford the composites' improved flame resistance (FR) and physical resiliency. We have developed two finishing formulations containing the flame retardants (a) diammonium phosphate (DAP)/urea, and (b) DAP and cyclic phosphonate ester along with the crosslinking agent DMDHEU. Both the formulations imparted flame resistance to the highly flammable highlofts, protecting them completely. However, the formulation containing DAP/urea is preferred because it is of lower cost. Using the vertical flame test, damage sustained was limited to charring in the vicinity of the instigating flame. The crosslinking agent was effective in improving compressional resistance and recovery. So, the finishing treatment produced P-laid cotton blend highlofts that were both FR and resilient. JF - Journal of Fire Sciences AU - Parikh, D V AU - Sachinvala, N D AU - Sawhney, APS AU - Robert, K Q AU - Graves, EE AU - Calamari, T A AU - Chen, Y AU - Jirsak, O AD - Southern Regional Research Center, USDA, New Orleans, LA, USA Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - Sep 2003 SP - 383 EP - 396 VL - 21 IS - 5 SN - 0734-9041, 0734-9041 KW - cotton KW - fabrics KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 7000:Fire Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18839741?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Fire+Sciences&rft.atitle=Flame+Retardant+Cotton+Blend+Highlofts&rft.au=Parikh%2C+D+V%3BSachinvala%2C+N+D%3BSawhney%2C+APS%3BRobert%2C+K+Q%3BGraves%2C+EE%3BCalamari%2C+T+A%3BChen%2C+Y%3BJirsak%2C+O&rft.aulast=Parikh&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=383&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Fire+Sciences&rft.issn=07349041&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F073490403036114 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073490403036114 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci from the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) AN - 18828926; 5715486 AB - Beauveria bassiana, an entomogenous fungus used for the biological control of pest insects, comprises a globally-distributed species complex of regionally endemic lineages. In order to study the population genetics of B. bassiana, detail species boundaries, conduct ecological studies of natural populations and track fates of experimentally-released strains, sensitive genetic markers are required. We describe the isolation and characterization of eight microsatellite loci that amplify successfully from strains representative of the phylogenetic diversity in the B. bassiana complex. JF - Molecular Ecology Notes AU - Rehner, SA AU - Buckley, E P AD - Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Rm 214, Bldg 011 A, BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, rehners@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - Sep 2003 SP - 409 EP - 411 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 3 IS - 3 SN - 1471-8278, 1471-8278 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - G 07330:Fungal genetics KW - K 03079:Fungi KW - G 07270:Ecological genetics KW - D 04623:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18828926?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Ecology+Notes&rft.atitle=Isolation+and+characterization+of+microsatellite+loci+from+the+entomopathogenic+fungus+Beauveria+bassiana+%28Ascomycota%3A+Hypocreales%29&rft.au=Rehner%2C+SA%3BBuckley%2C+E+P&rft.aulast=Rehner&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=409&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Ecology+Notes&rft.issn=14718278&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1471-8286.2003.00464.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-8286.2003.00464.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predictive Thermal Inactivation Model for Effects of Temperature, Sodium Lactate, NaCl, and Sodium Pyrophosphate on Salmonella Serotypes in Ground Beef AN - 18820012; 5704841 AB - Analyses of survival data of a mixture of Salmonella spp. at fixed temperatures between 55 degree C (131 degree F) and 71.1 degree C (160 degree F) in ground beef matrices containing concentrations of salt between 0 and 4.5%, concentrations of sodium pyrophosphate (SPP) between 0 and 0.5%, and concentrations of sodium lactate (NaL) between 0 and 4.5% indicated that heat resistance of Salmonella increases with increasing levels of SPP and salt, except that, for salt, for larger lethalities close to 6.5, the effect of salt was evident only at low temperatures (<64 degree C). NaL did not seem to affect the heat resistance of Salmonella as much as the effects induced by the other variables studied. An omnibus model for predicting the lethality for given times and temperatures for ground beef matrices within the range studied was developed that reflects the convex survival curves that were observed. However, the standard errors of the predicted lethalities from this models are large, so consequently, a model, specific for predicting the times needed to obtained a lethality of 6.5 log sub(10), was developed, using estimated results of times derived from the individual survival curves. For the latter model, the coefficient of variation (CV) of predicted times range from about 6 to 25%. For example, at 60 degree C, when increasing the concentration of salt from 0 to 4.5%, and assuming that the concentration of SPP is 0%, the time to reach a 6.5-log sub(10) relative reduction is predicted to increase from 20 min (CV = 11%) to 48 min (CV = 15%), a 2.4 factor (CV = 19%). At 71.1 degree C (160 degree F) the model predicts that more than 0.5 min is needed to achieve a 6.5-log sub(10) relative reduction. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Juneja, V K AU - Marks, H M AU - Mohr, T AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 E. Mermaid Ln., Wyndmoor, PA 19038, vjuneja@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - Sep 2003 SP - 5138 EP - 5156 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 69 IS - 9 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - sodium pyrophosphate KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18820012?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Predictive+Thermal+Inactivation+Model+for+Effects+of+Temperature%2C+Sodium+Lactate%2C+NaCl%2C+and+Sodium+Pyrophosphate+on+Salmonella+Serotypes+in+Ground+Beef&rft.au=Juneja%2C+V+K%3BMarks%2C+H+M%3BMohr%2C+T&rft.aulast=Juneja&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=5138&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.69.9.5138-5156.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.9.5138-5156.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Eubacterial community structure and population size within the soil light fraction, rhizosphere, and heavy fraction of several agricultural systems AN - 18815115; 5676410 AB - The hypothesis that soil light fraction and heavy fraction harbor distinct eubacterial communities and have differing numbers and sizes of bacterial cells was tested in three agronomic cropping systems. This hypothesis would imply that these soil fractions are distinct microbial habitats. Shoot residue and rhizosphere soil were also included in the analysis. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) of 16S ribosomal DNA was used to assay eubacterial community structure. T-RFLP profiles were affected by both soil fraction and cropping system, accounting for 35-50% of the variance in the profiles. T-RFLP profiles separated samples into two distinct eubacterial habitats: soil heavy fraction, which includes the mineral particles and associated humified organic matter, and soil light fraction/shoot residue and rhizosphere, which includes particulate soil organic matter. Differences were not based on organic C content of fractions alone; T-RFLP profiles were also differentiated by cropping system and by rhizosphere versus light fraction/shoot residue. Heavy fraction communities had the least amount of random variability in T-RFLP profiles, resulting in the clearest cropping system effects, while rhizosphere and shoot residue communities were the most variable. Profiles from organically managed corn soil were more variable than for either conventionally managed corn or alfalfa. The log number of bacterial cells per gram fraction was affected by soil fraction but not cropping system, being highest in the light fraction. The percentage of cells >0.18 mu m super(3) was also greater in the light fraction than in other fractions. While bacterial cell density was generally correlated with C content of the soil fraction, heavy fraction did have a significantly greater number of cells per mu g C than other soil fractions. The results show that habitat diversity in soil, related both to the amounts and types of organic matter, as well as other potential factors, are important in maintaining the high soil bacterial species diversity and evenness that is found in soil. JF - Soil Biology and Biochemistry AU - Blackwood, C B AU - Paul, E A AD - Center for Microbial Ecology and Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA, blackwoc@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - Sep 2003 SP - 1245 EP - 1255 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 35 IS - 9 SN - 0038-0717, 0038-0717 KW - soil heavy fraction KW - soil light fraction KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04700:Management KW - A 01047:General KW - D 04620:Microorganisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18815115?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Eubacterial+community+structure+and+population+size+within+the+soil+light+fraction%2C+rhizosphere%2C+and+heavy+fraction+of+several+agricultural+systems&rft.au=Blackwood%2C+C+B%3BPaul%2C+E+A&rft.aulast=Blackwood&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1245&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00380717&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0038-0717%2803%2900188-3 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(03)00188-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isomers Of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Modulate Human Preadipocyte Differentiation AN - 17957559; 5902882 AB - Conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) reduce fat deposition in several mammalian species. Among the proposed mechanisms for this effect are reduced preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation. We measured proliferation and differentiation of cultured human preadipocytes treated with CLAs. Preadipocytes were differentiated with insulin, hydrocortisone, transferrin, and 10% fetal bovine serum, with isobutyl-methylxanthine included for the first 2 d. The differentiation medium contained 200 mu M oleic acid (C18:1), 50 mu M cis- 9,trans- 11-CLA (9,11-CLA), or 50 mu M trans- 10,cis- 12-CLA (10,12-CLA); the negative control medium contained no added fatty acid, and the cells did not differentiate. Cell number increased three to four times during the 17 d of differentiation, but was 30-35% lower in the CLA-treated cells than in the negative control cells. Compared with the negative control cells, differentiation was increased in the cells treated with C18:1 (increased Oil Red O-stained material [OROSM], triacylglycerol, glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity [GPDH], peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- gamma [PPAR gamma ] messenger ribonucleic acid [mRNA], and lipoprotein lipase [LPL] mRNA). In effect, the C18:1-treated cells act as a positive control to demonstrate the differentiation capacity of each cell lot. Both 9,11-CLA- and 10,12-CLA-treated cells had increased differentiation (increased OROSM, triacylglycerol, GPDH, PPAR gamma , and LPL) compared with the negative control cells. The data suggest that early in differentiation when de novo fatty acid (FA) synthesis is limited and competition for FAs by membrane and triacylglycerol synthetic pathways is great, human preadipocytes do not differentiate unless a PPAR gamma ligand is added. Either CLA isomer or C18:1 can provide such a ligand. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal AU - Mcneel, R L AU - O'Brian Smith, E AU - Mersmann, HJ AD - USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, Texas 77030-2600, mersmann@bcm.tmc.edu Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - Sep 2003 SP - 375 EP - 382 PB - Society for In Vitro Biology VL - 39 IS - 8 SN - 1071-2690, 1071-2690 KW - man KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Differentiation KW - Preadipocytes KW - Cell culture KW - Linoleic acid KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17957559?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.atitle=Isomers+Of+Conjugated+Linoleic+Acid+Modulate+Human+Preadipocyte+Differentiation&rft.au=Mcneel%2C+R+L%3BO%27Brian+Smith%2C+E%3BMersmann%2C+HJ&rft.aulast=Mcneel&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=375&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.issn=10712690&rft_id=info:doi/10.1290%2F1543-706X%282003%29039%280375%3AIOCLAM%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=1071-2690&volume=39&page=375 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Preadipocytes; Differentiation; Linoleic acid; Cell culture DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1290/1543-706X(2003)039(0375:IOCLAM)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transposition and aggressiveness in a Phaeosphaeria nodorum sexual cross AN - 17845600; 6232436 AB - Genetic segregation of aggressiveness, anonymous molecular markers and transposon DNA probes in a Phaeosphaeria nodorum sexual cross was studied. The progeny of a P. nodorum isolate with high aggressiveness to wheat (Sn26-1) and a Phaeosphaeria sp. from rye (Sn48-1) was evaluated. The magnitude of aggressiveness to cereals caused by two cross parents and their progeny was triticale > wheat > rye. Different levels of aggressiveness were detected in the progeny. Progeny 64-3 and 64-5 had equal or higher aggressiveness than two parental isolates. Low or no aggressiveness in the progeny 64-1, 64-2, and 64-4 was due to low or no sporulation in these cultures. Using RFLP fingerprinting with anonymous molecular markers and transposon DNA probes, six segregation patterns were found in the progeny, and the segregation occurred in both meiotic divisions during ascospore formation. Several asymmetric transposontagged bands were detected in the progeny with low aggressiveness and low sporulation. The possible association of transposon-tagged bands with pathological characters is discussed. JF - Plant Pathology Bulletin AU - Ueng, P P AU - Arseniuk, E AU - Cunfer, B M AU - Song, Q J AD - Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, uengp@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - Sep 2003 SP - 149 EP - 156 VL - 12 IS - 3 SN - 1021-9544, 1021-9544 KW - Wheat KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Ascospores KW - Transposons KW - DNA fingerprinting KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Cereals KW - Meiosis KW - DNA probes KW - Transposition KW - Sporulation KW - Genetic crosses KW - Phaeosphaeria nodorum KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17845600?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Pathology+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Transposition+and+aggressiveness+in+a+Phaeosphaeria+nodorum+sexual+cross&rft.au=Ueng%2C+P+P%3BArseniuk%2C+E%3BCunfer%2C+B+M%3BSong%2C+Q+J&rft.aulast=Ueng&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Pathology+Bulletin&rft.issn=10219544&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - Chinese DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phaeosphaeria nodorum; Triticum aestivum; Genetic crosses; Sporulation; Transposons; DNA probes; Transposition; Meiosis; Ascospores; DNA fingerprinting; Cereals ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optimization of In situ Hybridization Protocols for Detection of Feline Herpesvirus 1 AN - 17696195; 6086628 AB - In situ hybridization (ISH) protocol including microwaving pre-treatment regimes was developed and compared with protease digestion as a pre-treatment regime for its effects on detecting feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV-1) in formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue. We found that optimum results were obtained using microwave pre-treatment. The results showed that the use of microwave irradiation would be recommended as a means of supplementing ISH methods, especially when using long-term formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. JF - Journal of Veterinary Medical Science AU - Kim, O AU - Yi, S J AD - USDA-ARS, ADRU Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - Sep 2003 SP - 1031 EP - 1032 VL - 65 IS - 9 SN - 0916-7250, 0916-7250 KW - In situ hybridization KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Paraffin KW - Microwave radiation KW - Formaldehyde KW - Radiation KW - Detection KW - Proteinase KW - Feline herpesvirus 1 KW - V 22141:Diagnosis KW - A 01114:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17696195?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Veterinary+Medical+Science&rft.atitle=Optimization+of+In+situ+Hybridization+Protocols+for+Detection+of+Feline+Herpesvirus+1&rft.au=Kim%2C+O%3BYi%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1031&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Veterinary+Medical+Science&rft.issn=09167250&rft_id=info:doi/10.1292%2Fjvms.65.1031 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Feline herpesvirus 1; Formaldehyde; Proteinase; Microwave radiation; Paraffin; Radiation; Detection DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1292/jvms.65.1031 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phosphorus composition of upland soils polluted by long-term atmospheric nitrogen deposition AN - 17668905; 5735918 AB - Atmospheric N deposition can enhance biological P limitation in terrestrial ecosystems and increase the importance of organic P to plants and microorganisms. We used NaOH-EDTA extraction and solution super(31)P NMR spectroscopy to determine the P composition of soils in the Upper Teesdale National Nature Reserve, northern England, an upland region influenced by such deposition for at least 150 years. Three characteristic soil types were sampled on three occasions during an annual cycle: blanket peat (318 mg g super(-1) total C, 607 mu g g super(-1) total P, pH 3.9); acid organic soil under grassland (354 mg g super(-1) total C, 1190 mu g g super(-1) total P, pH 3.7); calcareous soil under grassland (140 mg g super(-1) total C, 649 mu g g super(-1) total P, pH 7.3). Between 58 and 99% of the total P in soil and litter layers was extracted by 0.25 M NaOH + 0.05 M EDTA. Extracts of all soils were dominated by organic P, mainly in the form of orthophosphate monoesters (43-69% extracted P). The two acidic soils also contained large proportions of orthophosphate diesters (6-19% extracted P) and phosphonates (7-16% extracted P), suggesting that these compounds become stabilised at low pH. However, a seasonal trend of increasing orthophosphate monoester-to-diester ratios, most evident in the calcareous grassland soil, indicated the preferential degradation of orthophosphate diesters during the growing season. Orthophosphate was the major inorganic P compound (17-34% extracted P), and all soils contained pyrophosphate (1-5% extracted P). However, orthophosphate determined in the NaOH-EDTA extracts by solution super(31)P NMR spectroscopy was substantially greater than that determined by molybdate colourimetry, suggesting that orthophosphate occurred in complexes with humic compounds that were not detected by conventional procedures. Our results suggest that organisms able to use recalcitrant soil organic P may have a competitive advantage in environments under enhanced atmospheric N deposition. JF - Biogeochemistry AU - Turner, B L AU - Chudek, JA AU - Whitton, BA AU - Baxter, R AD - Department of Biological Sciences, University of Durham, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK; Current address: U.S. Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, 3793 North 3600 East, Kimberly, 83341, USA, bturner@nwisrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - Sep 2003 SP - 259 EP - 274 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 65 IS - 2 SN - 0168-2563, 0168-2563 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17668905?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biogeochemistry&rft.atitle=Phosphorus+composition+of+upland+soils+polluted+by+long-term+atmospheric+nitrogen+deposition&rft.au=Turner%2C+B+L%3BChudek%2C+JA%3BWhitton%2C+BA%3BBaxter%2C+R&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biogeochemistry&rft.issn=01682563&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phenological responses of wheat and barley to water and temperature: improving simulation models AN - 17304733; 6112459 AB - Understanding and predicting small-grain cereal development is becoming increasingly important in enhancing management practices. Recent efforts to improve phenology submodels in crop simulations have focused on incorporating developmental responses to water stress and interpreting and understanding thermal time. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate data from three experiments to (a) determine the qualitative and quantitative response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) to water stress and (b) ascertain where in space to measure temperature, to provide information required to improve phenological submodels. The first experiment tested the phenological responses of 12 winter wheat cultivars to water stress for two seasons at two sites. The second experiment tested the timing of water stress on spring barley phenological responses for 2 years. In a third experiment, soil near the shoot apex of field-grown spring wheat was heated to 3 degree C above ambient soil temperature for three planting dates in each of 2 years, to test whether it is better to use soil or air temperature in calculating thermal time. The general response of wheat and barley to water stress was to reach growth stages earlier (i.e. to hasten development). The most significant response was for the grain filling period. Water stress had little effect on jointing and flag leaf complete/booting growth stages. Thermal time to jointing was highly variable across locations. However, thermal time to subsequent growth stages was very consistent both within and across locations. The winter wheat cultivars tested followed this general response across site-years, but inconsistencies were found, suggesting a complicated genotype by environment (G x E) interaction that makes improving phenology submodels for all cultivars difficult. The G x E interaction was most prominent for anthesis (A) and maturity (M) growth stages. Results of heating the soil at the shoot apex depth were completely unexpected: heating the soil did not speed spring wheat phenological development. These results, and others cited, suggest caution in allocating effort and resources to measuring or estimating soil temperature rather than relying on readily available air temperature as a means of universally improving phenology submodels. These results help quantify the response of wheat to water stress and thermal time for improving crop simulation models and management. JF - Journal of Agricultural Science AU - McMaster, G S AU - Wilhelm, W W AD - USDA-ARS, Great Plains Systems Research, 301 S. Howes St., Room 353, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA, Greg.McMaster@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - Sep 2003 SP - 129 EP - 147 VL - 141 IS - 2 SN - 0021-8596, 0021-8596 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17304733?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+Science&rft.atitle=Phenological+responses+of+wheat+and+barley+to+water+and+temperature%3A+improving+simulation+models&rft.au=McMaster%2C+G+S%3BWilhelm%2C+W+W&rft.aulast=McMaster&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=141&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+Science&rft.issn=00218596&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017%2FS0021859603003460 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0021859603003460 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Atrazine and metolachlor in surface runoff under typical rainfall conditions in southern Louisiana. AN - 73605582; 12926883 AB - Atrazine and metolachlor are commonly detected in surface water bodies in southern Louisiana. These herbicides are frequently applied in combination to corn, and atrazine to sugarcane, in this region. A study was conducted on the runoff of atrazine and metolachlor from 0.21 ha plots planted to corn on Commerce silt loam, a Mississippi River alluvial soil. The study, carried out over a three-year period characterized by rainfall close to the 30-year average, provided data on persistence in the surface soil (top 2.5 cm layer) and in the runoff active zone of the soil, as measured by decrease in runoff concentrations with time after application. Regression equations were developed that allow an estimate of the runoff extraction coefficients for each herbicide. Atrazine showed soil half-lives in the range 10.5-17.3 days, and metolachlor exhibited half-lives from 15.8-28.0 days. Concentrations in successive runoff events declined much faster than those in the surface soil layer: Atrazine runoff concentrations decreased over successive runoff events with a half-life from 0.6 to 5.7 days, and metolachlor in runoff was characterized by half-lives of 0.6-6.4 days. That is, half-lives of the two herbicides in the runoff-active zone were one-tenth to one-half as long as the respective half-lives in the surface soil layer. Within years, the half-lives of these herbicides in the runoff active zone varied from two-thirds longer for metolachlor in 1996 to one-fifth longer for atrazine in 1995. The equations relating runoff concentrations of atrazine and metolachlor to soil concentrations contain extraction coefficients of 0.009. Losses in runoff for atrazine were 5.2-10.8% of applied, and for metolachlor they were 3.7-8.0%; atrazine losses in runoff were 20-40% higher than those for metolachlor. These relatively high percent of application losses indicate the importance of practices that reduce runoff of these chemicals from alluvial soils of southern Louisiana. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Southwick, L M AU - Grigg, B C AU - Fouss, J L AU - Kornecki, T S AD - USDA-ARS, Soil and Water Research Unit, 4115 Gourrier Ave., Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808, USA. lsouthwick@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/08/27/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Aug 27 SP - 5355 EP - 5361 VL - 51 IS - 18 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Acetamides KW - 0 KW - Herbicides KW - Soil KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Atrazine KW - QJA9M5H4IM KW - metolachlor KW - X0I01K05X2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Half-Life KW - Seasons KW - Louisiana KW - Water -- analysis KW - Acetamides -- analysis KW - Herbicides -- analysis KW - Atrazine -- analysis KW - Soil -- analysis KW - Rain UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73605582?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Atrazine+and+metolachlor+in+surface+runoff+under+typical+rainfall+conditions+in+southern+Louisiana.&rft.au=Southwick%2C+L+M%3BGrigg%2C+B+C%3BFouss%2C+J+L%3BKornecki%2C+T+S&rft.aulast=Southwick&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-08-27&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=5355&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-06 N1 - Date created - 2003-08-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of baking and frying on the in vivo toxicity to rats of cornmeal containing fumonisins. AN - 73598006; 12926912 AB - Fumonisins are mycotoxins produced by Fusarium verticillioides (=F. moniliforme) and other Fusarium species. They are found in corn and corn-based foods. Cooking decreases fumonisin concentrations in food products under some conditions; however, little is known about how cooking effects biological activity. Baked cornbread, pan-fried corncakes, and deep-fried fritters were made from cornmeal that was spiked with 5% w/w F. verticillioides culture material (CM). The cooked materials and the uncooked CM-spiked cornmeal were fed to male rats (n = 5/group) for 2 weeks at high (20% w/w spiked cornmeal equivalents) or low (2% w/w spiked cornmeal equivalents) doses. A control group was fed a diet containing 20% w/w unspiked cornmeal. Toxic response to the uncooked CM-spiked cornmeal and the cooked products included decreased body weight gain (high-dose only), decreased kidney weight, and microscopic kidney and liver lesions of the type caused by fumonisins. Fumonisin concentration, as determined by HPLC analysis, in the 20% w/w pan-fried corncake diet [92.2 ppm of fumonisin B(1) (FB(1))] was slightly, but not statistically significantly, lower than those of the 20% w/w baked cornbread (132.2 ppm of FB(1)), deep-fried fritter (120.2 ppm of FB(1)) and CM-spiked cornmeal (130.5 of ppm FB(1)) diets. Therefore, baking and frying had no significant effect on the biological activity or concentration of fumonisins in these corn-based products, and the results provided no evidence for the formation of novel toxins or "hidden" fumonisins during cooking. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Voss, Kenneth A AU - Meredith, Filmore I AU - Bacon, Charles W AD - Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30604-5677, USA. kvoss@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/08/27/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Aug 27 SP - 5546 EP - 5551 VL - 51 IS - 18 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Fumonisins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Eating KW - Body Weight KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Liver -- pathology KW - Kidney -- pathology KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury KW - Diet KW - Organ Size KW - Male KW - Kidney Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Hot Temperature KW - Zea mays -- chemistry KW - Fumonisins -- toxicity KW - Fumonisins -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73598006?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Effect+of+baking+and+frying+on+the+in+vivo+toxicity+to+rats+of+cornmeal+containing+fumonisins.&rft.au=Voss%2C+Kenneth+A%3BMeredith%2C+Filmore+I%3BBacon%2C+Charles+W&rft.aulast=Voss&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.date=2003-08-27&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=5546&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-06 N1 - Date created - 2003-08-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A handheld real time thermal cycler for bacterial pathogen detection. AN - 73331046; 12788554 AB - The handheld advanced nucleic acid analyzer (HANAA) is a portable real time thermal cycler unit that weighs under 1 kg and uses silicon and platinum-based thermalcycler units to conduct rapid heating and cooling of plastic reaction tubes. Two light emitting diodes (LED) provide greater than 1 mW of electrical power at wavelengths of 490 nm (blue) and 525 nm (green), allowing detection of the dyes FAM and JOE/TAMRA. Results are displayed in real time as bar graphs, and up to three, 4-sample assays can be run on the charge of the 12 V portable battery pack. The HANAA was evaluated for detection of defined Escherichia coli strains, and wild-type colonies isolated from stream water, using PCR for the lac Z and Tir genes. PCR reactions using SYBR Green dye allowed detection of E. coli ATCC 11775 and E. coli O157:H7 cells in under 30 min of assay time; however, background fluorescence associated with dye binding to nonspecific PCR products was present. DNA extracted from three isolates of Bacillus anthracis Ames, linked to a bioterrorism incident in Washington DC in October 2001, were also successfully tested on the HANAA using primers for the vrrA and capA genes. Positive results were observed at 32 and 22 min of assay time, respectively. A TaqMan probe specific to the aroQ gene of Erwinia herbicola was tested on the HANAA and when 500 cells were used as template, positive results were observed after only 7 min of assay time. Background fluorescence associated with the use of the probe was negligible. The HANAA is unique in offering real time PCR in a handheld format suitable for field use; a commercial version of the instrument, offering six reaction chambers, is available as of Fall 2002. JF - Biosensors & bioelectronics AU - Higgins, James A AU - Nasarabadi, Shanavaz AU - Karns, Jeffrey S AU - Shelton, Daniel R AU - Cooper, Mary AU - Gbakima, Aiah AU - Koopman, Ronald P AD - Animal Waste Pathogen Laboratory USDA-ARS, Room 202, Building 173, 10300 Baltimore Boulevard, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. jhiggins@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/08/15/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Aug 15 SP - 1115 EP - 1123 VL - 18 IS - 9 SN - 0956-5663, 0956-5663 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - Water Pollutants KW - Index Medicus KW - Bacillus anthracis -- isolation & purification KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Water Pollutants -- analysis KW - Erwinia -- genetics KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Escherichia coli -- genetics KW - Miniaturization KW - Water Microbiology KW - Equipment Design KW - Bacillus anthracis -- genetics KW - Equipment Failure Analysis KW - Escherichia coli -- isolation & purification KW - Erwinia -- isolation & purification KW - Bacteria -- genetics KW - Hot Temperature KW - Transducers KW - Spectrometry, Fluorescence -- methods KW - Spectrometry, Fluorescence -- instrumentation KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- instrumentation KW - Bacteria -- isolation & purification KW - Cold Temperature KW - DNA, Bacterial -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73331046?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biosensors+%26+bioelectronics&rft.atitle=A+handheld+real+time+thermal+cycler+for+bacterial+pathogen+detection.&rft.au=Higgins%2C+James+A%3BNasarabadi%2C+Shanavaz%3BKarns%2C+Jeffrey+S%3BShelton%2C+Daniel+R%3BCooper%2C+Mary%3BGbakima%2C+Aiah%3BKoopman%2C+Ronald+P&rft.aulast=Higgins&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2003-08-15&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biosensors+%26+bioelectronics&rft.issn=09565663&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-06 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: Biosens Bioelectron. 2004;20(3):663-4 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transformation of Monascus purpureus to hygromycin B resistance with cosmid pMOcosX reduces fertility AN - 17714617; 5833720 AB - Albino strain KB20M1 of Monascus purpureus was genetically transformed to hygromycin B resistance with cosmid pMOcosX, using biolistic bombardment. Conidia and mycelial fragments were used as the recipient material and rupture disk strengths of 6.2 and 9.3 MPa each yielded a transformed isolate from five bombardments. Southern analysis suggested a single copy of the cosmid had integrated into each of the transformants. Both of the independent transformants formed cleistothecia but ascospore formation was greatly reduced or absent, suggesting the integration and expression of the genes carried on pMOcosX interfered with fertilization and/or ascospore formation in this homothallic fungus. JF - Electronic Journal of Biotechnology AU - Lakrod, K AU - Chaisrisook, C AU - Skinner, D Z AD - USDA-ARS and Department of Crop and Soil Science, 209 Johnson Hall, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6420, USA, dzs@wsu.edu Y1 - 2003/08/15/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Aug 15 VL - 6 IS - 2 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Ascospores KW - Southern blotting KW - Monascus purpureus KW - Fertilization KW - Fertility KW - Conidia KW - Cosmids KW - Mycelia KW - hygromycin B KW - W2 32060:Microorganisms KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17714617?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Electronic+Journal+of+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Transformation+of+Monascus+purpureus+to+hygromycin+B+resistance+with+cosmid+pMOcosX+reduces+fertility&rft.au=Lakrod%2C+K%3BChaisrisook%2C+C%3BSkinner%2C+D+Z&rft.aulast=Lakrod&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-08-15&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Electronic+Journal+of+Biotechnology&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Monascus purpureus; hygromycin B; Fertility; Cosmids; Southern blotting; Fertilization; Ascospores; Conidia; Mycelia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enzymatic synthesis of a galactopyranose sophorolipid fatty acid-ester AN - 18955138; 5741864 AB - Sophorolipid lactones produced by Candida bombicola were deacetylated and ring opened with sodium methoxide to their corresponding methyl esters. The methyl esters, after re-acetylation with vinyl acetate using an immobilized lipase, were transesterified with 1,2-3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-D-galactopyranose in tetrahydrofuran using the same lipase catalyst. The di-O-isopropylidene sophorolipid sugar esters were hydrolyzed to give the galactopyranose sophorolipid esters as the final products. JF - Biotechnology Letters AU - Nunez, A AU - Foglia, T A AU - Ashby, R AD - Fats, Oils and Animal Coproducts Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, anunez@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2003/08/02/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Aug 02 SP - 1291 EP - 1297 VL - 25 IS - 16 SN - 0141-5492, 0141-5492 KW - 1,2-3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-D-galactopyranose KW - methyl esters KW - sophorolipid lactones KW - tetrahydrofuran KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Candida bombicola KW - Triacylglycerol lipase KW - Immobilized enzymes KW - Enzymatic synthesis KW - Hydrolysis KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32390:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18955138?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.atitle=Enzymatic+synthesis+of+a+galactopyranose+sophorolipid+fatty+acid-ester&rft.au=Nunez%2C+A%3BFoglia%2C+T+A%3BAshby%2C+R&rft.aulast=Nunez&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-08-02&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=1291&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.issn=01415492&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Candida bombicola; Enzymatic synthesis; Immobilized enzymes; Triacylglycerol lipase; Hydrolysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Integrated management tactics for Frankliniella thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in field-grown pepper. AN - 75724603; 14503592 AB - In a 2-yr study, the impacts of different plastic soil mulches, insecticides, and predator releases on Frankliniella thrips and their natural enemies were investigated in field-grown peppers. Ultraviolet light (UV)-reflective mulch significantly reduced early season abundance of adult thrips compared with standard black plastic mulch. This difference diminished as the growing seasons progressed. Late season abundance of thrips larvae was higher in UV reflective mulch compared with black mulch plots. The abundance of the predator Orius insidiosus (Say) was significantly lower in UV-reflective mulch compared with black mulch treatments. Infection of plants with tomato spotted wilt virus, a pathogen vectored by Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), was <6%. In the year with the higher disease incidence (2000), UV-reflective mulch plots had significantly less disease (1.9%) compared with black mulch plots (4.4%). Yield was significantly higher in UV-reflective mulch (24,529 kg/ha) compared with black mulch (15,315 kg/ha) during this year. Effects of insecticides varied with species of thrips. Spinosad reduced abundance of F. occidentalis, but not Frankliniella tritici. In contrast, esfenvalerate and acephate reduced numbers of F. tritici and Frankliniella bispinosa, but resulted in higher populations of F. occidentalis. Spinosad was the least disruptive insecticide to populations of O. insidiosus. Releases of O. insidiosus and Geocoris punctipes (Say) reduced populations of thrips immediately after releases; naturally occurring predators probably provided late season control of thrips. Our results suggest that UV-reflective mulch, combined with early season applications of spinosad, can effectively reduce abundance of thrips in field-grown pepper. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Reitz, Stuart R AU - Yearby, Erika L AU - Funderburk, Joseph E AU - Stavisky, Julianne AU - Momol, M Timur AU - Olson, Steve M AD - USDA-ARS, Center for Biological Control, 310 Perry-Paige Building, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA. sreitz@nettally.com Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - August 2003 SP - 1201 EP - 1214 VL - 96 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Ultraviolet Rays KW - Agriculture -- methods KW - Seasons KW - Pest Control, Biological KW - Larva -- growth & development KW - Capsicum -- growth & development KW - Insect Control -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75724603?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Integrated+management+tactics+for+Frankliniella+thrips+%28Thysanoptera%3A+Thripidae%29+in+field-grown+pepper.&rft.au=Reitz%2C+Stuart+R%3BYearby%2C+Erika+L%3BFunderburk%2C+Joseph+E%3BStavisky%2C+Julianne%3BMomol%2C+M+Timur%3BOlson%2C+Steve+M&rft.aulast=Reitz&rft.aufirst=Stuart&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-17 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Catnip essential oil as a barrier to subterranean termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in the laboratory. AN - 75707099; 14503601 AB - The essential oil of catnip, Nepeta cataria (Lamiacae) was evaluated for behavioral effects on two populations of subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) and R. virginicus (Banks) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). The catnip essential oil contained approximately 36:64 E,Z-nepetalactone and Z,E-nepetalactone, respectively. The time to 50% dissipation (DT50) of the isomers in sand was dependent on dose, and ranged from 5.7 to 12.6 d for the E,Z-isomer and 7.7-18.6 d for the Z,E-isomer. For R. flavipes, the 24-h topical LD50 value was approximately 8200 microg/g termite. The 24-h fumigation LC50 value for R. flavipes was between 36 and 73 microg/ml air, and the 7-d fumigation LC50 value was between 14 and 36 microg/ml air. Exposure of R. virginicus to treated sand resulted in a 24-h LC50 value (95% F.L.) of 84 (67.6, 112) microg/cm2 and a 7-d LC50 value of 21.1 (16.4, 26.8) microg/cm2; for R. flavipes these values were 63.2 (53.7, 73.9) and 44.4 (34.6, 58.1) microg/cm2, respectively. Vertical tunneling through treated sand was eliminated at 500 ppm for R. virginicus and at 250 ppm for R. flavipes. Horizontal tunneling was stopped at 250 ppm for R. virginicus and reduced at doses above 250 ppm for R. flavipes. Although tunneling ceased in these tests, mortality was not high, indicating that the termites avoided the treated sand. Efficacy of catnip oil was equivalent to other monoterpenoids reported in the literature. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Peterson, C J AU - Ems-Wilson, J AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Forest Service, Wood Products Insect Research Unit, 201 Lincoln Green, Starkville, MS 39759, USA. Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - August 2003 SP - 1275 EP - 1282 VL - 96 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Cyclopentanes KW - 0 KW - Insect Repellents KW - Oils, Volatile KW - Pyrones KW - Soil KW - nepetalactone KW - 21651-62-7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Pyrones -- analysis KW - Cyclopentanes -- analysis KW - Fumigation KW - Oils, Volatile -- analysis KW - Oils, Volatile -- administration & dosage KW - Isoptera -- physiology KW - Nepeta -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75707099?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Catnip+essential+oil+as+a+barrier+to+subterranean+termites+%28Isoptera%3A+Rhinotermitidae%29+in+the+laboratory.&rft.au=Peterson%2C+C+J%3BEms-Wilson%2C+J&rft.aulast=Peterson&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-17 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quarantine control of Hessian fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in exported hay: a new treatment for large-size, polypropylene fabric-wrapped bales and a 3-d fumigation for compressed standard bales. AN - 75706361; 14503610 AB - Hessian fly puparia (37,167), Mayetiola destructor (Say), did not survive a large-scale commercial test (three freight containers) of a new quarantine treatment using compression (32 kg/cm2) and hydrogen phosphide fumigation (61 g/28.2 m3) for large-size, polypropylene fabric-wrapped bales of hay exported to Japan. Mean +/- SEM temperatures in the large-size bales in different locations in the freight containers ranged from 18.0 +/- 0.9 to 26.0 +/- 1.3 degrees C during the 7-d test conducted in a heated building at 20.1 +/- 1.1 degrees C. Highest concentrations of hydrogen phosphide in most locations in the freight containers were observed after 3 d of fumigation and ranged from 366.7 +/- 96.1 to 425.0 +/- 162.7 ppm (mean +/- SEM) and throughout the 7 d of fumigation ranged from 253.6 +/- 59.9 to 407.1 +/- 76.5 ppm (mean +/- SEM). Hydrogen phosphide residues after fumigation and aeration were <10 ppb and were below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency tolerance of 0.1 ppm in animal feeds. The results of the test fulfills regulatory agency testing requirements and confirms the efficacy of the treatment to control Hessian fly in large-size, polypropylene fabric-wrapped bales of hay. Hessian fly puparia (2,160) did not survive a large-scale commercial test of compression (105 kg/cm2) and a 3-d hydrogen phosphide (60 g/28.3 m3) fumigation for standard bales. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Yokoyama, Victoria Y AU - Miller, Gina T AD - USDA-ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, 9611 South Riverbend Ave., Parlier, CA 93648, USA. Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - August 2003 SP - 1340 EP - 1344 VL - 96 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Polypropylenes KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Insecticides -- administration & dosage KW - Poaceae KW - Insect Control -- methods KW - Diptera KW - Phleum KW - Fumigation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75706361?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Quarantine+control+of+Hessian+fly+%28Diptera%3A+Cecidomyiidae%29+in+exported+hay%3A+a+new+treatment+for+large-size%2C+polypropylene+fabric-wrapped+bales+and+a+3-d+fumigation+for+compressed+standard+bales.&rft.au=Yokoyama%2C+Victoria+Y%3BMiller%2C+Gina+T&rft.aulast=Yokoyama&rft.aufirst=Victoria&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1340&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-17 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of diet, ginger root oil, and elevation on the mating competitiveness of male Mediterranean fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) from a mass-reared, genetic sexing strain in Guatemala. AN - 75702389; 14503584 AB - The release of sterile males is a key component of an areawide program to eradicate the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), from Guatemala and southern Mexico. The objective of our study was to assess the effects of adult diet, exposure to ginger root oil (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), and elevation on the mating competitiveness of the sterile males used in an areawide program. Sterile males were maintained on a protein-sugar (protein-fed) or a sugar-only (protein-deprived) diet and were exposed (for 4 h 1 d before testing) or not exposed to ginger root oil. In field-cage trials conducted at a high (1,500 m) and low (700 m) site, we monitored the influence of these treatments on the mating success of sterile males in competition with wild males (reared exclusively on the protein-sugar diet and without ginger root oil exposure) for wild females. Elevation and ginger root oil exposure had significant effects, with sterile males having higher mating success at the low-elevation site and ginger root oil-exposed males having greater success than ginger root oil-deprived males at both sites. Diet did not have a significant overall effect, and its influence varied with elevation (dietary protein seemed to provide an advantage at the high-elevation site but not at the low-elevation site). Possible implications of these findings for eradication programs against the Mediterranean fruit fly are discussed. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Shelly, Todd E AU - Rendon, Pedro AU - Hernandez, Emilio AU - Salgado, Sergio AU - McInnis, Donald AU - Villalobos, Ethel AU - Liedo, Pablo AD - USDA-APHIS, P.O. Box 1040, Waimanalo, HI 96795, USA. Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - August 2003 SP - 1132 EP - 1141 VL - 96 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Chemosterilants KW - 0 KW - Plant Oils KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mexico KW - Guatemala KW - Diet KW - Plant Roots -- chemistry KW - Male KW - Female KW - Plant Oils -- pharmacology KW - Ginger -- chemistry KW - Sexual Behavior, Animal KW - Ceratitis capitata -- physiology KW - Pest Control, Biological UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75702389?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+diet%2C+ginger+root+oil%2C+and+elevation+on+the+mating+competitiveness+of+male+Mediterranean+fruit+flies+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29+from+a+mass-reared%2C+genetic+sexing+strain+in+Guatemala.&rft.au=Shelly%2C+Todd+E%3BRendon%2C+Pedro%3BHernandez%2C+Emilio%3BSalgado%2C+Sergio%3BMcInnis%2C+Donald%3BVillalobos%2C+Ethel%3BLiedo%2C+Pablo&rft.aulast=Shelly&rft.aufirst=Todd&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1132&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-17 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field activity and storage stability of Anagrapha falcifera nucleopolyhedrovirus (AfMNPV) in spray-dried lignin-based formulations. AN - 75702348; 14503576 AB - A multiple-embedded nucleopolyhedrovirus isolated from Anagrapha falcifera (Kirby) (AfMNPV) has potential to be developed into a microbial bioinsecticide because the host range includes several economic pests. We tested spray-dried AfMNPV formulations after storage for insecticidal activity based on bioassays with neonate Trichoplusia ni (Hübner). Eight experimental lignin-based spray-dried formulations, a glycerin-based formulation, and an unformulated sample were made with virus stock from three commercial production lots. Samples of these formulations were stored at 30 degrees C in individually sealed sample containers for destructive sampling after 1, 3, and 6 mo whereas the remaining product was stored in glass jars under refrigeration for up to 30 mo. Spray drying did not significantly reduce the initial LC50s of AfMNPV in experimental formulations compared with unformulated virus that was not spray dried. Refrigerated storage for 6 mo did not significantly lower virus activity of formulated samples compared with the unformulated AfMNPV stored frozen, while samples stored for 30 mo had higher LC50 values determined by both droplet and leaf feeding assays. When stored at 30 degrees C, most formulations (22 of 24) maintained insecticidal activity for 3 mo, but most (21 of 24) lost significant activity after 6 mo of storage. The glycerin-based formulation also lost activity within 6 mo of storage at 30 degrees C when compared with frozen unformulated virus, but did not lose activity when stored refrigerated for up to 30 mo. These formulations were evaluated after 7 mo at 4 degrees C for residual insecticidal activity when applied to field grown cabbage. Insecticidal activity was determined against T. ni neonates for treated leaf samples collected at 3, 7, 27, and 51 h after application of 2.5 x 10(12) obs/ha. Field tests showed no differences in activity among samples of stored formulations and one freshly made formulation. Spray-dried formulations had significantly higher insecticidal activity (67.5% mortality) compared with the unformulated treatment (30% mortality) sampled 3 h after application. At 3, 7, and 27 h after application, the spray-dried formulations had higher residual activity (67%, 59%, and 42% mortality, respectively), compared with the commercial glycerin-based formulation (61%, 38%, and 23% mortality, respectively). These experiments demonstrated that AfMNPV in lignin-based spray-dried formulations had a shelf-life of up to 3 mo at 30 degrees C and up to 30 mo at 4 degrees C, and with longer residual insecticidal activity in the field compared with unformulated or a glycerin formulation. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Behle, Robert W AU - Tamez-Guerra, Patricia AU - McGuire, Michael R AD - Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, USDA-ARS-NCAUR, 1815 N. University, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - August 2003 SP - 1066 EP - 1075 VL - 96 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Lignin KW - 9005-53-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Plants KW - Moths -- virology KW - Nucleopolyhedrovirus -- physiology KW - Pest Control, Biological UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75702348?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Field+activity+and+storage+stability+of+Anagrapha+falcifera+nucleopolyhedrovirus+%28AfMNPV%29+in+spray-dried+lignin-based+formulations.&rft.au=Behle%2C+Robert+W%3BTamez-Guerra%2C+Patricia%3BMcGuire%2C+Michael+R&rft.aulast=Behle&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1066&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-17 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vitamin A, beta-carotene, and mother-to-child transmission of HIV. AN - 73646059; 13677590 AB - The role of maternal vitamin A supplements in decreasing the risk of mother-to-child HIV transmission has been examined in sub-Saharan Africa. Overall, there is no reduction in either mortality or HIV transmission in two recent studies. Contrary to expectations, one study reported an increased risk of transmission using vitamin A plus beta-carotene supplements. JF - Nutrition reviews AU - Stephensen, Charles B AD - USDA Western Human Nutrition Research Center and Nutrition Department, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - August 2003 SP - 280 EP - 284 VL - 61 IS - 8 SN - 0029-6643, 0029-6643 KW - beta Carotene KW - 01YAE03M7J KW - Vitamin A KW - 11103-57-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Nutritional Status KW - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious -- prevention & control KW - Africa South of the Sahara -- epidemiology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Infant Mortality KW - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious -- epidemiology KW - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious -- virology KW - Pregnancy KW - Infant KW - Adult KW - Dietary Supplements KW - Female KW - Pregnancy Outcome KW - beta Carotene -- administration & dosage KW - Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical -- prevention & control KW - Vitamin A -- adverse effects KW - Vitamin A -- administration & dosage KW - HIV Infections -- transmission KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - beta Carotene -- adverse effects KW - HIV Infections -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73646059?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+reviews&rft.atitle=Vitamin+A%2C+beta-carotene%2C+and+mother-to-child+transmission+of+HIV.&rft.au=Stephensen%2C+Charles+B&rft.aulast=Stephensen&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=280&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrition+reviews&rft.issn=00296643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-20 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survey of shell egg processing plant sanitation programs: effects on egg contact surfaces. AN - 73581052; 12929843 AB - Sanitation standard operating procedures (SSOPs) are an integral component of process control and are often the first step in the implementation of food safety regulations. The objective of this study was to assess and compare the efficacies of sanitation programs used in a variety of shell egg processing facilities. In-line, off-line, and mixed operations were evaluated. Sixteen direct or indirect egg contact surfaces were sampled in various shell egg processing facilities in the southeast United States. Samples were collected at the end of a processing day (POST) and again the next morning before operations began (PRE). Total aerobic plate counts (APCs) were obtained and Enterobacteriacae were enumerated. No significant differences (P > 0.05) between POST and PRE bacterial counts were found for the 16 sampling sites. In general, high APCs were found on the wall of the recirculating water tank both POST and PRE. The APCs for the rewash belt were considerably high for all plants sampled. APCs were also high for the vacuum loaders. APCs for washers and washer brushes were relatively low for most plants sampled. PRE and POST levels of plant sanitation, as determined by direct microbial plating, did not differ significantly. At this point, it is difficult to draw definitive conclusions about how rigid SSOPs should be for the shell egg processing industry. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Jones, D R AU - Northcutt, J K AU - Musgrove, M T AU - Curtis, P A AU - Anderson, K E AU - Fletcher, D L AU - Cox, N A AD - Russell Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA. drjones@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - August 2003 SP - 1486 EP - 1489 VL - 66 IS - 8 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Equipment Contamination KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Humans KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Hygiene KW - Egg Shell -- microbiology KW - Enterobacteriaceae -- isolation & purification KW - Food-Processing Industry -- standards KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Enterobacteriaceae -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73581052?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Survey+of+shell+egg+processing+plant+sanitation+programs%3A+effects+on+egg+contact+surfaces.&rft.au=Jones%2C+D+R%3BNorthcutt%2C+J+K%3BMusgrove%2C+M+T%3BCurtis%2C+P+A%3BAnderson%2C+K+E%3BFletcher%2C+D+L%3BCox%2C+N+A&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1486&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-16 N1 - Date created - 2003-08-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Management of insecticide resistance in Oriental fruit moth (Grapholita molesta; Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) populations from Ontario. AN - 73559012; 12916773 AB - The development of resistance in the Oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck) to organophosphorus (OP) insecticides (azinphos-methyl and phosmet) is a serious threat to the tender fruit industry in Ontario (50% crop losses in 1994). Resistance to carbamate insecticides and increased survival of field-collected moths at diagnostic concentrations of pyrethroids were widespread. As a result, four different treatment regimes were tested to manage resistance in G molesta, and the changes in resistance frequencies under each treatment regime were monitored from 1996 to 1999. The data indicated that the levels of resistance were significantly influenced by the various treatment regimes. The seasonal pattern of resistance was similar for all treatment regimes, in that resistance peaked in mid-season and declined in the late season. Levels of resistance in G molesta to OPs decreased from 55% to 14% and that to pyrethroids declined from 30% to 10% from 1996 to 1999 under a treatment regime consisting of endosulfan-organophosphate-pyrethroid rotation. Similarly, under a treatment regime implemented in commercial orchards (organophosphate-pyrethroid rotation), resistance to OP insecticides declined from 50% to 12% and resistance to pyrethroids evolved to around 16%. The overall data indicated that resistance was unstable; a strategy based on rotation of insecticides by class for each generation of G molesta was successful in managing resistance to both OP and pyrethroid insecticides. The rotational strategy has been widely adopted by growers and is applied to ca 85% of the acreage. JF - Pest management science AU - Kanga, Lambert H B AU - Pree, David J AU - van Lier, Jennifer L AU - Walker, Gerald M AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beneficial Insects Research Unit, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA. Lkanga@Weslaco.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - August 2003 SP - 921 EP - 927 VL - 59 IS - 8 SN - 1526-498X, 1526-498X KW - Carbamates KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Organophosphorus Compounds KW - Pyrethrins KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Biological Evolution KW - Seasons KW - Pyrethrins -- pharmacology KW - Insect Control -- methods KW - Ontario KW - Lepidoptera -- drug effects KW - Insecticide Resistance KW - Insecticides -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73559012?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pest+management+science&rft.atitle=Management+of+insecticide+resistance+in+Oriental+fruit+moth+%28Grapholita+molesta%3B+Lepidoptera%3A+Tortricidae%29+populations+from+Ontario.&rft.au=Kanga%2C+Lambert+H+B%3BPree%2C+David+J%3Bvan+Lier%2C+Jennifer+L%3BWalker%2C+Gerald+M&rft.aulast=Kanga&rft.aufirst=Lambert+H&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=921&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pest+management+science&rft.issn=1526498X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-23 N1 - Date created - 2003-08-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The activities of antioxidant nutrients in human plasma depend on the localization of attacking radical species. AN - 73543921; 12888659 AB - The oxidation of endogenous antioxidant nutrients in human plasma was determined to examine their activities against free radicals generated in the aqueous and lipid compartments of plasma. Free radicals were induced at a constant rate in the aqueous compartment by the hydrophilic radical generator, 2,2'-azobis-(2-amidinopropane)dihydrochloride (AAPH; 10-20 mmol/L) and in the lipid compartment by the lipophilic radical generator, 2,2'-azobis(4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) (MeO-AMVN; 1-2 mmol/L). The depletion of endogenous plasma antioxidant nutrients (lutein, cryptoxanthin, beta-carotene, lycopene, alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, uric acid) was determined after incubation with either AAPH or MeO-AMVN at 37 degrees C using HPLC. The oxidation of the aqueous and lipid compartments of plasma was selectively monitored by a fluorimetric method using either the hydrophilic probe, 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCFH) or the lipophilic probe, 4,4-difluoro-5-(4-phenyl-1,3-butadienyl)-4-bora-3a, 4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-undecanoic acid (BODIPY 581/591). When plasma was incubated with AAPH, the rates of consumption of the antioxidant nutrients were as follows: ascorbic acid > alpha-tocopherol > uric acid > lycopene > lutein > cryptoxanthin > beta-carotene. When plasma was incubated with MeO-AMVN, alpha-tocopherol and carotenoids were depleted at similar rates and ahead of the major water-soluble antioxidants. Our study indicates that the antioxidant nutrients present in both the lipid and aqueous compartments can remove free radicals generated in plasma, and their activity depends on the localization of the attacking radical species. JF - The Journal of nutrition AU - Yeum, Kyung-Jin AU - Aldini, Giancarlo AU - Chung, Hae-Yun AU - Krinsky, Norman I AU - Russell, Robert M AD - The Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA. kyungjin.yeum@Tufts.edu Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - August 2003 SP - 2688 EP - 2691 VL - 133 IS - 8 SN - 0022-3166, 0022-3166 KW - Amidines KW - 0 KW - Antioxidants KW - Aza Compounds KW - Azo Compounds KW - BODIPY581 KW - Fatty Acids KW - Fluoresceins KW - Lipids KW - Nitriles KW - Oxidants KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein KW - 106070-31-9 KW - V 70 KW - 15545-97-8 KW - 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) KW - 7381JDR72F KW - Index Medicus KW - Lipids -- blood KW - Nitriles -- pharmacology KW - Oxidants -- pharmacology KW - Humans KW - Body Water -- metabolism KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Amidines -- pharmacology KW - Azo Compounds -- pharmacology KW - Fluorometry KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- metabolism KW - Antioxidants -- metabolism KW - Nutritional Physiological Phenomena UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73543921?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.atitle=The+activities+of+antioxidant+nutrients+in+human+plasma+depend+on+the+localization+of+attacking+radical+species.&rft.au=Yeum%2C+Kyung-Jin%3BAldini%2C+Giancarlo%3BChung%2C+Hae-Yun%3BKrinsky%2C+Norman+I%3BRussell%2C+Robert+M&rft.aulast=Yeum&rft.aufirst=Kyung-Jin&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=133&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2688&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.issn=00223166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-11-06 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of coal surface mining and reclamation on surface water chemical concentrations and load rates in three Ohio watersheds AN - 27854594; 200402-36-0043 (CE); 05742803 (EN) AB - Information is lacking on the watershed scale effects of mining and reclaiming originally undisturbed watersheds for coal on surface water chemical concentrations and load rates for a variety of constituents. These effects were evaluated on three small, geologically dissimilar watersheds subjected to surface mining in Ohio. Comparisons were made between phases of land disturbances using ratios of average concentrations and load rates: Phase 1 (natural), subphases of Phase 2 (mining and reclamation), and subphases of Phase 3 (partial reclamation and final condition) using 4,485 laboratory analyses of 34 constituents. Average concentration and load rate ratios were categorized into three classes - minor, moderate, and substantial. Mining and reclamation (M/R) affected flow duration curves in different ways - baseflow changes were variable, but high flows generally increased. The average concentration ratios for all sites were classified as 15 percent "minor," 36 percent "moderate," and 49 percent "substantial" (average ratio of 2.4.) Generally load rate ratios increased due to mining and reclamation activities (average ratio of 3.3). Minor, moderate, and substantial impacts were found on average for 7 percent, 23 percent, and 70 percent, respectively, of load rate ratios. The impact of M/R on average load rates was not necessarily the same as on average concentrations due to changed hydrology and can be opposite in effect. The evaluation of the impacts of M/R requires knowledge of changing hydrologic conditions and changing supplies and rates of release of chemicals into streams. Median sediment concentration ratio is an indicator of average constituent load rate ratio of a wide variety of chemical constituents and is useful for development of best management practices to reduce chemical loads. The site at which diversion ditches were not removed during final reclamation sustained large chemical load rates, and removal of diversions at the other mined site reduced load rates. Revegetation of poorly reclaimed areas decreased chemical load rates. Chemical load rates were sensitive to geology, mining, and reclamation methods, diversions, and changing hydrology, concentration flow rate regressions, and watershed areas. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Bonta, J V AU - Dick, W A AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Box 488, North Appalachian Experimental Watershed, Coshocton, Ohio 43812, USA bonta@coshocton.ars.usda.gov PY - 2003 SP - 793 EP - 815 PB - AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION, 4 West Federal St, P O Box 1626, Middleburg, VA, 20118-1626, USA, [mailto:info@awra.org], [URL:http://www.awra.org] VL - 39 IS - 4 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Reclamation KW - Watersheds KW - Hydrology KW - Bypasses KW - Coal chemicals KW - Geology KW - Surface mining KW - Coal mines KW - Resource management KW - Flow rate KW - Land KW - Sediments KW - Ditches KW - Streams KW - Article KW - EE 40:Water Pollution: Monitoring, Control & Remediation (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/27854594?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Impact+of+coal+surface+mining+and+reclamation+on+surface+water+chemical+concentrations+and+load+rates+in+three+Ohio+watersheds&rft.au=Bonta%2C+J+V%3BDick%2C+W+A&rft.aulast=Bonta&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=793&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Design for Stream Restoration AN - 20985745; 5707130 AB - Stream restoration, or more properly rehabilitation, is the return of a degraded stream ecosystem to a close approximation of its remaining natural potential. Many types of practices (dam removal, levee breaching, modified flow control, vegetative methods for streambank erosion control, etc.) are useful, but this paper focuses on channel reconstruction. A tension exists between restoring natural fluvial processes and ensuring stability of the completed project. Sedimentation analyses are a key aspect of design since many projects fail due to erosion or sedimentation. Existing design approaches range from relatively simple ones based on stream classification and regional hydraulic geometry relations to more complex two- and three-dimensional numerical models. Herein an intermediate approach featuring application of hydraulic engineering tools for assessment of watershed geomorphology, channel-forming discharge analysis, and hydraulic analysis in the form of one-dimensional flow and sediment transport computations is described. JF - Journal of Hydraulic Engineering AU - Shields, FD Jr AU - Copeland, R R AU - Klingeman, P C AU - Doyle, M W AU - Simon, A AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service National Sedimentation Laboratory, P. O. Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655-1157, USA, dshields@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 575 EP - 584 VL - 129 IS - 8 SN - 0733-9429, 0733-9429 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Sediment Transport KW - Rehabilitation KW - Hydraulic engineering KW - River discharge KW - Freshwater KW - Stream Degradation KW - Restoration KW - Erosion KW - Flow Characteristics KW - Geomorphology KW - Classification KW - Design Criteria KW - Hydraulic Engineering KW - Sediment transport KW - Channel Morphology KW - Sedimentation KW - Erosion control KW - Q2 09264:Sediments and sedimentation KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation KW - Q5 08522:Protective measures and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20985745?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydraulic+Engineering&rft.atitle=Design+for+Stream+Restoration&rft.au=Shields%2C+FD+Jr%3BCopeland%2C+R+R%3BKlingeman%2C+P+C%3BDoyle%2C+M+W%3BSimon%2C+A&rft.aulast=Shields&rft.aufirst=FD&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=129&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=575&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydraulic+Engineering&rft.issn=07339429&rft_id=info:doi/10.1061%2F%28ASCE%290733-9429%282003%29129%3A8%28575%29 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Erosion; Geomorphology; Classification; Hydraulic engineering; River discharge; Sediment transport; Sedimentation; Erosion control; Restoration; Sediment Transport; Flow Characteristics; Rehabilitation; Design Criteria; Hydraulic Engineering; Channel Morphology; Stream Degradation; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2003)129:8(575) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dexamethasone induced preadipocyte recruitment and expression of CCAAT/enhancing binding protein alpha and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor- gamma proteins in porcine stromal-vascular (S-V) cell cultures obtained before and after the onset of fetal adipogenesis AN - 20226184; 5714256 AB - The present study examined the influence of dexamethasone (DEX) treatment on preadipocyte recruitment and expression of transcription factor proteins in adipose tissue stromal-vascular (S-V) cell cultures from 50 and 75 day old pig fetuses and young pigs. C/EBP alpha , C/EBP delta , and PPAR gamma immunoreactive cells had evenly reactive nuclei and unreactive nucleoli. DEX recruited many more preadipocytes in 75 day than in 50 day fetal S-V cultures. However, DEX did not increase the number of differentiated preadipocytes (lipid+, C/EBP alpha +) in 50 day S-V cultures and only slightly increased this number in 75 day fetal S-V cultures. In fetal cultures, extensive, precocious increases in C/EBP alpha expression (number of reactive cells) by day three were followed by extensive decreases in expression. However, PPAR gamma expression was not expressed precociously since preadipocyte lipid accretion and PPAR gamma immunoreactivity were strongly linked in fetal and pig S-V cultures. Nevertheless, all cells with lipid in fetal S-V cultures were C/EBP alpha and PPAR gamma reactive. DEX increases preadipocyte differentiation in pig S-V cultures and in this study DEX increased PPAR gamma expression to a much greater degree in pig than in fetal S-V cultures. These studies suggest that restricted adipogenesis in the pig fetus is attributable to limited DEX induced PPAR gamma expression. JF - General and Comparative Endocrinology AU - Hausman, G J AD - USDA-ARS, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, Animal Physiology Research Unit, 950 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605-2720, USA Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 61 EP - 70 VL - 133 IS - 1 SN - 0016-6480, 0016-6480 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Dexamethasone KW - Nucleoli KW - Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors KW - Lipids KW - Preadipocytes KW - Cell culture KW - Peroxisomes KW - Fetuses KW - Differentiation KW - Transcription factors KW - Immunoreactivity KW - Adipose tissue KW - adipogenesis KW - Nuclei KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20226184?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=General+and+Comparative+Endocrinology&rft.atitle=Dexamethasone+induced+preadipocyte+recruitment+and+expression+of+CCAAT%2Fenhancing+binding+protein+alpha+and+peroxisome+proliferator+activated+receptor-+gamma+proteins+in+porcine+stromal-vascular+%28S-V%29+cell+cultures+obtained+before+and+after+the+onset+of+fetal+adipogenesis&rft.au=Hausman%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Hausman&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=133&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=General+and+Comparative+Endocrinology&rft.issn=00166480&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0016-6480%2803%2900149-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dexamethasone; Nucleoli; Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors; Lipids; Preadipocytes; Cell culture; Fetuses; Peroxisomes; Differentiation; Transcription factors; Immunoreactivity; Adipose tissue; Nuclei; adipogenesis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-6480(03)00149-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response of Soil Microbiological Activities to Cadmium, Lead, and Zinc Salt Amendments AN - 19928759; 5797538 AB - Heavy metal pollution of soil has been recognized as a major factor impeding soil microbial processes. From this perspective, we studied responses of the soil biological activities to metal stress simulated by soil amendment with Zn, Pb, and Cd chlorides. The amounts of heavy metal salts added to five metal-polluted soils and four nonpolluted soils were selected to match the total metal concentrations typically found in polluted soils of the Silesia region of Poland. From the perspective of soil quality, metal mobility in amended soils could not be described by simple functions of pH or organic matter. Reaction of Pb with the soil caused strong immobilization with less than 1% of the Pb amendment recovered by 0.01 M CaCl sub(2) extractions. Immobilization of Cd was also significant, whereas immobilization of the Zn amendment was much weaker than that of Cd or Pb. The Zn amendment had substantial inhibitory effect on soil dehydrogenase, acid and alkaline phosphatase, arylsulfatase, urease, and nitrification potential. Generally, Cd and Pb had limited or stimulatory effect on most of these biological activities, with an exception of Pb strongly inhibiting soil urease. The effect of the metal amendments on biological activities could not be satisfactorily accounted for by metal toxicity because no strong relationship was observed between extractable metal content and the degree of inhibition. The Zn amendment had a significant effect on soil pH, resulting in confounding effects of pH and Zn toxicity on activities. Metal amendment experiments seem to be of limited utility for meaningful assessment of metal contamination effects on soil quality. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Stuczynski, TI AU - McCarty, G W AU - Siebielec, G AD - Environmental Quality Laboratory, Building 007, Room 202, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, mccartyg@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 1346 EP - 1355 VL - 32 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Pollution Abstracts KW - Mobility KW - Contamination KW - Heavy metals KW - Pollution effects KW - Chloride KW - Lead KW - dehydrogenase KW - Zinc KW - Cadmium KW - pH effects KW - Pollution KW - Organic matter KW - Soil pH KW - Urease KW - Arylsulfatase KW - Microbial activity KW - Soil contamination KW - Toxicity KW - Poland, Silesia KW - Soil amendment KW - Soil pollution KW - Salts KW - Soils (acid) KW - Alkaline phosphatase KW - Nitrification KW - Environmental quality KW - Immobilization KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - A 01400:Soil Microbes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19928759?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Response+of+Soil+Microbiological+Activities+to+Cadmium%2C+Lead%2C+and+Zinc+Salt+Amendments&rft.au=Stuczynski%2C+TI%3BMcCarty%2C+G+W%3BSiebielec%2C+G&rft.aulast=Stuczynski&rft.aufirst=TI&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1346&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Contamination; Mobility; Heavy metals; Organic matter; Soil pH; Arylsulfatase; Urease; Chloride; Toxicity; dehydrogenase; Lead; Soil amendment; Soil pollution; Salts; Alkaline phosphatase; Soils (acid); Nitrification; Zinc; Environmental quality; Cadmium; pH effects; Immobilization; Pollution; Pollution effects; Microbial activity; Soil contamination; Poland, Silesia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - International Dialogue on Sustainable Forest Management: The US Response AN - 19923747; 5736110 AB - Sustainable forest management is the focus of many international fora dealing with forests. The United Nations Proposals for Action constitute the most comprehensive and integrated institutional forest management guidance to achieve sustainability ever assembled. Because of the work that has gone into the proposals, the US commitment to implement them, and the potential benefits from implementing them, government forest management agencies and stakeholders should be interested and involved in their implementation. JF - Journal of Forestry AU - Hendricks, R L AD - Senior Policy Analyst International Programs, USDA Forest Service, 1099 14th Street NW, Suite 5500W, Washington, DC, 20005, USA, rhendricks@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 46 EP - 49 VL - 101 IS - 5 SN - 0022-1201, 0022-1201 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Human Population KW - Forest management KW - USA KW - Sustainable development KW - M1 320:Environmental & Natural Resource Development KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19923747?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Forestry&rft.atitle=International+Dialogue+on+Sustainable+Forest+Management%3A+The+US+Response&rft.au=Hendricks%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Hendricks&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=46&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Forestry&rft.issn=00221201&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Forest management; Sustainable development; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using an ecological land hierarchy to predict seasonal-wetland abundance in upland forests AN - 19919754; 5735634 AB - Hierarchy theory, when applied to landscapes, predicts that broader-scale ecosystems constrain the development of finer-scale, nested ecosystems. This prediction finds application in hierarchical land classifications. Such classifications typically apply to physiognomically similar ecosystems, or ecological land units, e.g., a set of multi-scale forest ecosystems. We speculated that hierarchical constraint also controls the development of small, nested ecosystems that are structurally distinct from the constraining matrix. We tested this hypothesis using seasonal wetlands in upland forest. Specifically, we related seasonal-wetland abundance in upland forest stands to multi-scale terrestrial ecological units, as defined by hierarchical combinations of regional physiography, glacial landform, soils, and forest cover. Moreover, we determined the spatial scale of terrestrial ecological unit that is the best predictor of seasonal-wetland abundance. Our study area is mapped into a set of nested terrestrial ecological units, including two subsections (differing in physiography), four land-type associations (glacial landforms), and 11 land types (forest vegetation, soil). We used a geographic information system to determine seasonal wetland densities in 16-ha plots located within the nested terrestrial ecological units. Cumulative plot frequency distributions of wetland density did not differ between subsections; 50% of plots contained no wetlands, 38% contained 1-3 wetlands, and 12% contained greater than or equal to 4 wetlands. Frequency distributions differed among land-type associations (LTA). Ninety percent of plots on a glacial lake plain contained no wetlands, compared to 63%, 42%, and 38% for outwash, end moraine, and ground moraine LTAs, respectively. Ten percent of plots on the lake plain contained 1-3 wetlands, compared to 32%, 48%, and 43% for the outwash, end moraine, and ground moraine, respectively. The remaining plots on the latter three LTAs contained >3 wetlands. Frequency distributions rarely differed among land types. Compared to occurrence, identity and scale of the ecological unit were poorer predictors of actual wetland densities. Regression tree analysis, while significant, explained only 11.6% of variation in wetland density among plots. Still, the leaves of the regression tree differed in densities primarily based on LTA. Our results demonstrate that identity of constraining upland forest ecosystem explains significant amounts of variation in seasonal wetland abundance. We identify glacial landform as the scale of ecological unit having the greatest control over seasonal wetland abundance. We focus on seasonal wetlands in forests, yet our approach should apply to other small, nested ecosystems. This approach may facilitate conservation management of small, nested ecosystems by providing likelihood estimates of occurrence within mapped terrestrial ecological units. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Palik, B J AU - Buech, R AU - Egeland, L AD - USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 1831 Highway 169 E, Grand Rapids, Minnesota 55744, USA Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 1153 EP - 1163 PB - Ecological Society of America VL - 13 IS - 4 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Ecosystems KW - Landforms KW - Trees KW - Terrestrial environments KW - Ecological distribution KW - Abundance KW - Forests KW - landforms KW - Glacial lakes KW - Freshwater KW - Soil KW - Frequency Distribution KW - spatial distribution KW - Lakes KW - Sulfur dioxide KW - Classification KW - moraines KW - Ecosystem management KW - plains KW - Wetlands KW - Seasonal variations KW - land classification KW - Forest ecosystems KW - Density KW - Outwash KW - Vegetation KW - classification KW - Moraines KW - Conservation KW - Geographic information systems KW - abundance KW - SW 4070:Ecological impact of water development KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - Q1 08187:Palaeontology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19919754?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=Using+an+ecological+land+hierarchy+to+predict+seasonal-wetland+abundance+in+upland+forests&rft.au=Palik%2C+B+J%3BBuech%2C+R%3BEgeland%2C+L&rft.aulast=Palik&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Classification; Landforms; Ecological distribution; Moraines; Forests; Glacial lakes; Wetlands; Abundance; Ecosystem management; Geographic information systems; Forest ecosystems; Ecosystems; Terrestrial environments; Vegetation; landforms; Soil; spatial distribution; Lakes; Sulfur dioxide; classification; moraines; Conservation; plains; Seasonal variations; land classification; abundance; Frequency Distribution; Trees; Density; Outwash; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Colonization of Arabidopsis thaliana with Salmonella enterica and Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Competition by Enterobacter asburiae AN - 19767957; 5681639 AB - Enteric pathogens, such as Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli O157:H7, have been shown to contaminate fresh produce. Under appropriate conditions, these bacteria will grow on and invade the plant tissue. We have developed Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) as a model system with the intention of studying plant responses to human pathogens. Under sterile conditions and at 100% humidity, S. enterica serovar Newport and E. coli O157:H7 grew to 10 CFU g super(-1) on A. thaliana roots and to 2 x 10 CFU g super(- 1) on shoots. Furthermore, root inoculation led to contamination of the entire plant, indicating that the pathogens are capable of moving on or within the plant in the absence of competition. Inoculation with green fluorescent protein- labeled S. enterica and E. coli O157:H7 showed invasion of the roots at lateral root junctions. Movement was eliminated and invasion decreased when nonmotile mutants of S. enterica were used. Survival of S. enterica serovar Newport and E. coli O157:H7 on soil-grown plants declined as the plants matured, but both pathogens were detectable for at least 21 days. Survival of the pathogen was reduced in unautoclaved soil and amended soil, suggesting competition from indigenous epiphytes from the soil. Enterobacter asburiae was isolated from soil-grown A. thaliana and shown to be effective at suppressing epiphytic growth of both pathogens under gnotobiotic conditions. Seed and chaff harvested from contaminated plants were occasionally contaminated. The rate of recovery of S. enterica and E. coli O157:H7 from seed varied from undetectable to 19% of the seed pools tested, depending on the method of inoculation. Seed contamination by these pathogens was undetectable in the presence of the competitor, Enterobacter asburiae. Sampling of 74 pools of chaff indicated a strong correlation between contamination of the chaff and seed (P = 0.025). This suggested that contamination of the seed occurred directly from contaminated chaff or by invasion of the flower or silique. However, contaminated seeds were not sanitized by extensive washing and chlorine treatment, indicating that some of the bacteria reside in a protected niche on the seed surface or under the seed coat. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Cooley, M B AU - Miller, W G AU - Mandrell, R E AD - Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, WRRC, ARS, USDA, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, mcooley@pw.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - August 2003 SP - 4915 EP - 4926 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA VL - 69 IS - 8 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Contamination KW - Niches KW - Anadromous species KW - Enterobacter KW - Enterobacter asburiae KW - Survival KW - Roots KW - Chlorine KW - Microbial contamination KW - Soil KW - Colonization KW - Arabidopsis thaliana KW - Escherichia coli KW - Gnotobiotics KW - Biological pollutants KW - Sampling KW - Competition KW - Plant diseases KW - Flowers KW - Seeds KW - Motivation KW - Pathogenic bacteria KW - Humidity KW - Pathogens KW - Shoots KW - Salmonella enterica KW - Colony-forming cells KW - Microbiology KW - Inoculation KW - Epiphytes KW - A 01028:Others KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - J 02320:Cell Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19767957?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Colonization+of+Arabidopsis+thaliana+with+Salmonella+enterica+and+Enterohemorrhagic+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+and+Competition+by+Enterobacter+asburiae&rft.au=Cooley%2C+M+B%3BMiller%2C+W+G%3BMandrell%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Cooley&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=4915&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.69.8.4915-4926.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Colonization; Seeds; Pathogenic bacteria; Anadromous species; Microbiology; Humidity; Biological pollutants; Microbial contamination; Pathogens; Flowers; Plant diseases; Motivation; Contamination; Niches; Chlorine; Roots; Survival; Soil; Shoots; Colony-forming cells; Gnotobiotics; Inoculation; Sampling; Epiphytes; Competition; Arabidopsis thaliana; Salmonella enterica; Escherichia coli; Enterobacter; Enterobacter asburiae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.8.4915-4926.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mobile Coast Guard Aviation Training Center Strives for Environmental Excellence AN - 19399427; 5813491 AB - The Coast Guard Aviation Training Center (ATC) is a 221-acre facility, formerly used by the Air Force Reserve, located 12 miles west of Mobile, Alabama, on the north side of the regional airport. The primary mission of the ATC is transition training of Coast Guard aviators. Other missions include search and rescue, law enforcement, maritime pollution prevention, and polar operations. In 1999, the ATC implemented beneficial landscaping to enhance the base environment. Beneficial landscaping is the term commonly used to describe an approach to landscaping which uses native plants and selected mowing to achieve the goals of reducing maintenance cost, managing harmful runoff, and increasing wildlife habitat. According to ATC's Executive Officer, Commander Paul Francis, "We want to be sure that the activities of the base are good, not only for Alabama, but also for all our Coast Guard customers. Most Coast Guard aviators begin their careers here, and all Coast Guard aviators come back here at least once a year. We want those experiences to be good ones." JF - Land and Water AU - Best, JA AD - USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service, P.O. Box 311, Auburn, AL 36830, USA Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - August 2003 SP - 6 EP - 9 VL - 47 IS - 4 SN - 0192-9453, 0192-9453 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Aqualine Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Army KW - Training KW - Pollution prevention KW - Surveillance and enforcement KW - Careers KW - Airports KW - Soil erosion KW - Water pollution control KW - USA, Alabama KW - Water Pollution Control KW - Training centres KW - Potential resources KW - Erosion Control KW - Military KW - Runoff KW - Search and rescue KW - Pollution control KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q5 08505:Prevention and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19399427?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Land+and+Water&rft.atitle=Mobile+Coast+Guard+Aviation+Training+Center+Strives+for+Environmental+Excellence&rft.au=Best%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Best&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=6&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Land+and+Water&rft.issn=01929453&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Potential resources; Training centres; Careers; Surveillance and enforcement; Search and rescue; Runoff; Pollution control; Water pollution control; Training; Pollution prevention; Soil erosion; Airports; Military; Water Pollution Control; Army; Erosion Control; USA, Alabama ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DEMOGRAPHY OF THE PRINCE OF WALES FLYING SQUIRREL, AN ENDEMIC OF SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA TEMPERATE RAIN FOREST AN - 19337625; 8696997 AB - We studied the Prince of Wales flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus griseifrons) in temperate rain forest of southeastern Alaska to provide the 1st quantitative estimates of demography from southeastern Alaska and test predictions of the hypothesis that Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis)-western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) forest is primary habitat for G. sabrinus in southeastern Alaska. We expected that abundance, body condition, productivity, and summer and overwinter survival of G. sabrinus would be higher in spruce-hemlock forest (which typically are the old-growth forests of upland sites [upland-OG]) than in peatland-scrub-mixed-conifer (peatland-MC) forest. Mean values of minimum number of animals known alive and density during autumn were higher in upland-OG than in peatland-MC, and both were about 2 times higher than corresponding spring values. Age and sex composition of the population was similar among years, between seasons, and between habitats. Males comprised a larger portion of the population in upland-OG than in peatland-MC forest. Mean body mass was similar between habitats. Minimum summer survival varied among years and between habitats. Overwinter survival was less varied and similar among years and between habitats. Reproductive females were more abundant in upland-OG than in peatland-MC, but percentage of reproductive females during spring and percentage of juveniles during autumn were similar between habitats. These results support the conclusion that upland-OG forests of southeastern Alaska are primary habitat for northern flying squirrels. Still, squirrel densities in peatland-MC were higher than those reported for several managed and unmanaged forest types in the Pacific Northwest, and some demographic parameters were similar between upland-OG and peatland-MC. In southeastern Alaska, peatland-MC habitat likely contributes to breeding populations of G. sabrinus and reduces risk of viability in managed landscapes. JF - Journal of Mammalogy AU - Smith, Winston P AU - Nichols, Jeffrey V AD - United States Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 2770 Sherwood Lane-Suite 2A, Juneau, AK 99801-8545, USA Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 1044 EP - 1058 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. VL - 84 IS - 3 SN - 0022-2372, 0022-2372 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Glaucomys sabrinus griseifrons KW - northern flying squirrel KW - old-growth forest KW - southeastern Alaska KW - temperate rain forest KW - demography KW - Demography KW - Rain forests KW - Glaucomys sabrinus KW - Breeding KW - Picea KW - Body mass KW - Landscape KW - Abundance KW - Survival KW - Tsuga heterophylla KW - Habitat KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19337625?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.atitle=DEMOGRAPHY+OF+THE+PRINCE+OF+WALES+FLYING+SQUIRREL%2C+AN+ENDEMIC+OF+SOUTHEASTERN+ALASKA+TEMPERATE+RAIN+FOREST&rft.au=Smith%2C+Winston+P%3BNichols%2C+Jeffrey+V&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Winston&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1044&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.issn=00222372&rft_id=info:doi/10.1644%2FBBa-033 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Demography; Rain forests; Breeding; Body mass; Abundance; Landscape; Survival; Habitat; Glaucomys sabrinus; Picea; Tsuga heterophylla DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/BBa-033 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Age-specific interaction between the parasitoid, Encarsia formosa and its host, the silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Strain B) AN - 19336837; 8695945 AB - The effect of hostage, the instar of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) parasitized, on the growth and development of Encarsia formosa (Gahan) was studied. E. formosa was able to parasitize and complete its life cycle no matter which instar of B. tabaci (Strain B), [also identified as B. argentifolii (Bellows and Perring)], was provided for oviposition, but parasitoid development was significantly slower when 1st or 2nd instar B. tabaci rather than 3rd or 4th instars were parasitized. Host age influenced the day on which E. formosa nymphs hatching from eggs was first observed. Mean embryonic development was significantly longer when 1st (5.4 days) rather than 2nd, 3rd or 4th instars (4.1, 3.4 and 3.5 days, respectively) were parasitized. The duration of the 1st instar parasitoid and the pupa, but not the 2nd or 3rd instar parasitoid, were also significantly greater when 1st instars were parasitized than when older host instars were parasitized. Interestingly, no matter which instar was parasitized, the parasitoid did not molt to the 3rd instar until the 4th instar host had reached a depth of about 0.23 mm (Stage 4-5) and had initiated the nymphal-adult molt and adult development. Histological studies revealed that whitefly eye and wing structures had either disintegrated or were adult in nature whenever a 3rd instar parasitoid was present. It appears, then, that the molt of the parasitoid to its last instar is associated with the host whitefly's nymphal-adult molt. However, the initiation of the host's final molt, while a prerequisite for the parasitoid's 2nd-3rd instar molt, did not necessarily trigger this molt. In contrast to its significant effect on various aspects of parasitoid development, host instar did not significantly influence the mean size of the parasitoid larva, pupa, or adult. Larval and pupal length and adult head width were similar for all parasitoids, regardless of which host instar was parasitized as was adult longevity. Adult parasitoid emergence was more synchronous when 2nd, 3rd and 4th instars were parasitized than when 1st instars were parasitized. Results are compared with those reported when the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, was parasitized by E. formosa, and provide possible explanations for why T. vaporariorum is a more suitable host than B. tabaci for E. formosa. JF - Journal of Insect Science (Tucson) AU - Hu, Jing S AU - Gelman, Dale B AU - Blackburn, Michael B AD - Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, USDA, ARS, PSI, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, gelmand@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Library of the University of Arizona, 1510 East University VL - 3 IS - 28 SN - 1536-2442, 1536-2442 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - endoparasitoid KW - parasitoid development KW - host-parasite interactions KW - nymphal-adult molt KW - Head KW - Eye KW - Wings KW - Trialeurodes vaporariorum KW - Life cycle KW - Bemisia tabaci KW - Encarsia formosa KW - Molting KW - Eggs KW - Parasitoids KW - Greenhouses KW - Y 25040:Behavioral Ecology KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Z 05330:Reproduction and Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19336837?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Insect+Science+%28Tucson%29&rft.atitle=Age-specific+interaction+between+the+parasitoid%2C+Encarsia+formosa+and+its+host%2C+the+silverleaf+whitefly%2C+Bemisia+tabaci+%28Strain+B%29&rft.au=Hu%2C+Jing+S%3BGelman%2C+Dale+B%3BBlackburn%2C+Michael+B&rft.aulast=Hu&rft.aufirst=Jing&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=28&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Insect+Science+%28Tucson%29&rft.issn=15362442&rft_id=info:doi/10.1672%2F1536-2442%282003%290032.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Eye; Head; Wings; Life cycle; Molting; Eggs; Greenhouses; Parasitoids; Trialeurodes vaporariorum; Bemisia tabaci; Encarsia formosa DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1672/1536-2442(2003)003[0001:AIBTPE]2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pheromones of milkweed bugs (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae) attract wayward plant bugs: Phytocoris mirid sex pheromone AN - 19260807; 5833272 AB - The synthetic aggregation pheromone of the large milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus (Dallas) (Lygaeinae), also attracted males of the plant bug, Phytocoris difficilis Knight (Miridae). Field testing partial blends against the six-component blend comprising the Oncopeltus pheromone showed that cross-attraction of P. difficilis males was due to synergism between (E)-2-octenyl acetate and (E,E)-2,4-hexadienyl acetate. Hexyl acetate was abundant in the metathoracic scent gland (MSG) secretion of P. difficilis males, but because female P. difficilis could not initially be found in the field, further combinatorial tests were guided by prior research on the pheromones of two Phytocoris species in the western United States. The combination of hexyl, (E)-2-hexenyl, and (E)-2-octenyl acetates was as attractive to P. difficilis males as the milkweed bug pheromone, yet no milkweed bugs were drawn to this blend. Gas chromatographic (GC)-electroantennographic detection (EAD) and GC-mass spectrometric (MS) analyses of female P. difficilis MSGs determined that their secretion contained predominantly hexyl, (E)-2-hexenyl, and (E)-2-octenyl acetates (all strongly EAD-active)--the latter two compounds found only in trace amounts from males--plus five minor female-specific compounds, three of which were EAD-active. (E,E)-2,4-Hexadienyl acetate was not detected from P. difficilis females or males. The blend of the three major components, hexyl, (E)-2-hexenyl, and (E)-2-octenyl acetates (2:1.5:1 by volume), was as attractive as the blend of all six EAD-active compounds identified from females, indicating that this ternary blend constitutes the sex pheromone of P. difficilis. Hexyl acetate with (E)-2-octenyl acetate also attracted males of another species, P. breviusculus Reuter, but addition of (E)-2-hexenyl acetate and/or (E,E)-2,4-hexadienyl acetate inhibited attraction of P. breviusculus males. Attraction of P. difficilis males occurred mainly during the first half of scotophase. The possible neurophysiological basis for this asymmetrical cross-attraction is discussed. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Zhang, Q-H AU - Aldrich, J R AD - USDA-ARS Chemicals Affecting Insect Behavior Laboratory, B-007, BARC-West, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA, aldrichj@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 1835 EP - 1851 VL - 29 IS - 8 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Hemiptera KW - Seed bugs KW - Plant Bugs KW - 2,4-Hexadienyl acetate KW - 2-Hexenyl acetate KW - 2-Octenyl acetate KW - hexyl acetate KW - Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Chemoreception Abstracts KW - Oncopeltus fasciatus KW - Electroantennograms KW - Attractants KW - Miridae KW - Phytocoris difficilis KW - Aggregation pheromone KW - Nontarget organisms KW - Lygaeidae KW - R 18061:Synthetic pheromones KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - Z 05175:Pheromones, repellents & attractants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19260807?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Pheromones+of+milkweed+bugs+%28Heteroptera%3A+Lygaeidae%29+attract+wayward+plant+bugs%3A+Phytocoris+mirid+sex+pheromone&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Q-H%3BAldrich%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Q-H&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1835&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oncopeltus fasciatus; Phytocoris difficilis; Lygaeidae; Miridae; Aggregation pheromone; Attractants; Nontarget organisms; Electroantennograms ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative challenge model of Flavobacterium columnare using abraded and unabraded channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque) AN - 19200798; 5773728 AB - The early entry of the fish pathogen Flavobacterium columnare and enhancement by abrasion was studied in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), using the polymerase chain reaction and a species-specific primer set for a bacterial 16S rRNA gene product. Evaluations were conducted following an abrasion bath immersion challenge with F. columnare. Abrasion, a practice which has historically been used prior to bacterial challenge, had significant effects on the early entry of the pathogen and on cumulative percent survival (CPS). The FvpF1-FvpR1 primer set was useful in detecting the early entry of F. columnare in mucus, skin, gill, blood, liver and trunk kidney tissues in both abraded and unabraded fish following immersion challenge at 29 plus or minus 2 degree C. Bacteria were detected earlier in all tissues in abraded fish, except in the trunk kidney. These differences were not significant, except in the case of blood. Mucus, skin and gill tissues were positive for F. columnare earliest regardless of treatment (after 5 min in abraded fish and after 15 min in unabraded fish). CPS following challenge with F. columnare was significantly affected by abrasion, which supports the use of abrasion for the F. columnare challenge model for channel catfish. JF - Journal of Fish Diseases AU - Bader, JA AU - Nusbaum, KE AU - Shoemaker, CA AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Aquatic Animal Health Research Laboratory, Auburn, AL 36831-0952, USA, jbader@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - August 2003 SP - 461 EP - 467 VL - 26 IS - 8 SN - 0140-7775, 0140-7775 KW - 16S rRNA KW - Abrasion KW - Channel catfish KW - Graceful catfish KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Injuries KW - Pathogenic bacteria KW - Bacterial diseases KW - Freshwater KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - Models KW - Disease transmission KW - Fish diseases KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Flavobacterium columnare KW - rRNA 16S KW - J 02862:Infection KW - Q1 08587:Diseases of Cultured Organisms KW - Q3 08587:Diseases of Cultured Organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19200798?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Fish+Diseases&rft.atitle=Comparative+challenge+model+of+Flavobacterium+columnare+using+abraded+and+unabraded+channel+catfish%2C+Ictalurus+punctatus+%28Rafinesque%29&rft.au=Bader%2C+JA%3BNusbaum%2C+KE%3BShoemaker%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Bader&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=461&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Fish+Diseases&rft.issn=01407775&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2761.2003.00479.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pathogenic bacteria; Injuries; Fish diseases; Bacterial diseases; Polymerase chain reaction; Disease transmission; Models; Abrasion; rRNA 16S; Flavobacterium columnare; Ictalurus punctatus; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.2003.00479.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis 35 kDa protein plays a role in invasion of bovine epithelial cells AN - 19178677; 5765351 AB - Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis) enters intestinal epithelial cells of cattle and other ruminants via a mechanism that remains to be fully elucidated. This study showed that a gene encoding the M. paratuberculosis 35 kDa major membrane protein (MMP) is expressed at a higher level in low-oxygen and high-osmolarity conditions that are similar to the environment of the intestine. In addition, cattle with Johne's disease produced antibodies against MMP, suggesting that the protein is present during infection. The gene encoding MMP was cloned and expressed as a fusion protein with the maltose-binding protein (MBP-MMP) in Escherichia coli. Rabbit antisera were raised against a M. paratuberculosis whole-cell sonicate and MMP-specific antibodies were purified from these sera by affinity chromatography. MMP was localized to the surface of M. paratuberculosis by immunoelectron microscopy and by immunoblot analysis of fractionated protein lysates. Both anti-MMP antibodies and MBP-MMP protein inhibited M. paratuberculosis invasion of cultured Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells by 30%. In similar invasion experiments with M. paratuberculosis incubated in low oxygen tension, these antibodies and protein decreased invasion by 60%. Collectively, these data show that the 35 kDa MMP is a surface exposed protein that plays a role in invasion of epithelial cells. The authors suggest that the MMP is a virulence factor of M. paratuberculosis that may be important in the initiation of infection in vivo. JF - Microbiology AU - Bannantine, J P AU - Huntley, JFJ AU - Miltner, E AU - Stabel, J R AU - Bermudez, LE AD - National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, 2300 North Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, USA, jbannant@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 2061 EP - 2069 VL - 149 IS - 8 SN - 1350-0872, 1350-0872 KW - cloning KW - MBP-MMP protein KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Affinity chromatography KW - Gene expression KW - Immunoblotting KW - Cell surface KW - Invasiveness KW - Antibodies KW - Oxygen tension KW - Mycobacterium avium KW - Immunoelectron microscopy KW - Fusion protein KW - Membrane proteins KW - J 02727:Amino acids, peptides and proteins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19178677?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbiology&rft.atitle=The+Mycobacterium+avium+subsp.+paratuberculosis+35+kDa+protein+plays+a+role+in+invasion+of+bovine+epithelial+cells&rft.au=Bannantine%2C+J+P%3BHuntley%2C+JFJ%3BMiltner%2C+E%3BStabel%2C+J+R%3BBermudez%2C+LE&rft.aulast=Bannantine&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=149&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2061&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbiology&rft.issn=13500872&rft_id=info:doi/10.1099%2Fmic.0.26323-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium avium; Membrane proteins; Gene expression; Fusion protein; Antibodies; Affinity chromatography; Immunoelectron microscopy; Cell surface; Immunoblotting; Oxygen tension; Invasiveness DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.26323-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prediction of monthly-seasonal precipitation using coupled SVD patterns between soil moisture and subsequent precipitation AN - 18953216; 5705011 AB - It was suggested in a recent statistical correlation analysis that predictability of monthly-seasonal precipitation could be improved by using coupled singular value decomposition (SVD) patterns between soil moisture and precipitation instead of their values at individual locations. This study provides predictive evidence for this suggestion by comparing skills of two statistical prediction models based on the coupled SVD patterns and local relationships. The data used for model development and validation are obtained from a simulation over East Asia with a regional climate model. The results show a much improved skill with the prediction model using the coupled SVD patterns. The seasonal prediction skill is higher than the monthly one. The most remarkable contribution of soil moisture to the prediction skill is found in warm seasons, opposite to that of sea surface temperature. JF - Geophysical Research Letters AU - Liu, Y AD - Forestry Sciences Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, Athens, Georgia, USA Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - August 2003 PB - American Geophysical Union, 2000 Florida Ave., N.W. Washington DC 20009 USA, [mailto:service@agu.org], [URL:http://www.agu.org] VL - 30 IS - 15 SN - 0094-8276, 0094-8276 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Citation No. 1827 KW - 1854 Hydrology: Precipitation (3354) KW - 1866 Hydrology: Soil moisture KW - 1869 Hydrology: Stochastic processes KW - 3322 Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Land/atmosphere interactions KW - Prediction KW - Precipitation forecasting KW - Precipitation KW - Soil Water KW - Correlation analysis KW - Seasonal precipitation KW - Monthly precipitation KW - Predictability KW - Correlation Analysis KW - Moisture Content KW - Regional climate models KW - Statistical forecasting of precipitation KW - Asia KW - Soil moisture KW - M2 551.509.324.2:Precipitation (551.509.324.2) KW - SW 0815:Precipitation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18953216?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.atitle=Prediction+of+monthly-seasonal+precipitation+using+coupled+SVD+patterns+between+soil+moisture+and+subsequent+precipitation&rft.au=Liu%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.issn=00948276&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2003GL017709 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Publication date refers to online version. N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Monthly precipitation; Seasonal precipitation; Predictability; Precipitation forecasting; Regional climate models; Correlation analysis; Statistical forecasting of precipitation; Soil moisture; Prediction; Correlation Analysis; Moisture Content; Soil Water; Precipitation; Asia DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003GL017709 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relative influence of diet and physical activity on cardiovascular risk factors in urban Chinese adults AN - 18951597; 5737819 AB - The relative influence of dietary factors vs physical activity on cardiovascular risk factors are poorly understood. We investigated these factors in a population whose traditional diet may have both positive (high plant-based) and negative (high refined carbohydrate) aspects, and whose physical activity levels (PALs) vary widely. Cross-sectional study. A total of 130 weight stable adults aged 35-49y (BMI 18-35 kg/m super(2)) living in urban Beijing, China. Dietary intake (by food frequency questionnaire), PAL as the ratio of predicted total to resting energy expenditure), percent body fat (by deuterium oxide dilution), and central adiposity (waist circumference and waist to hip ratio) were assessed. Biochemical parameters (total cholesterol, low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C; HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), apolipoproteins A-I and B, glucose, insulin, and homocysteine and its related vitamins), blood pressure and presence of the metabolic syndrome (having greater than or equal to 3 risk factors of central adiposity, HDL-C, TG, glucose, blood pressure) were also examined. Mean values for cardiovascular risk factors were relatively low, but 19% of subjects had the metabolic syndrome. Using validated methods for measuring food intake and energy expenditure, we found that an adverse cardiovascular risk profile was associated with a diet high in carbohydrate, low in polyunsaturated fat, and low in fruit and vegetables, independent of body fatness and its distribution. While dietary factors predicted individual cardiovascular risk factors more consistently than PAL, avoidance of low PAL reduced the risk of having the metabolic syndrome. These results suggest that, regardless of total body fatness and fat distribution, multiple unfavorable dietary factors and low physical activity independently increase the risk for cardiovascular disease. Avoidance of a sedentary lifestyle additionally reduces the risk of developing the metabolic syndrome. JF - International Journal of Obesity AU - Yao, M AU - Lichtenstein, AH AU - Roberts, S B AU - Ma, G AU - Gao, S AU - Tucker, K L AU - McCrory, MA AD - Energy Metabolism Laboratory, the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington St., Boston, MA 02111, USA, megan.mccrory@tufts.edu Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 920 EP - 932 VL - 27 IS - 8 SN - 0307-0565, 0307-0565 KW - Physical Education Index KW - Obesity KW - Diet (effects) KW - Risk factors KW - Lipids KW - China, People's Rep. KW - Exercise (effects) KW - Body composition KW - Heart diseases KW - Urban environment KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18951597?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Obesity&rft.atitle=Relative+influence+of+diet+and+physical+activity+on+cardiovascular+risk+factors+in+urban+Chinese+adults&rft.au=Yao%2C+M%3BLichtenstein%2C+AH%3BRoberts%2C+S+B%3BMa%2C+G%3BGao%2C+S%3BTucker%2C+K+L%3BMcCrory%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Yao&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=920&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Obesity&rft.issn=03070565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Obesity; Diet (effects); Urban environment; Heart diseases; Exercise (effects); Body composition; Lipids; Risk factors; China, People's Rep. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production of acetone, butanol and ethanol by Clostridium beijerinckii BA101 and in situ recovery by gas stripping AN - 18947431; 5731284 AB - We examined the effect of gas-stripping on the in situ removal of acetone, butanol, and ethanol (ABE) from batch reactor fermentation broth. The mutant strain (Clostridium beijerinckii BA101) was not affected adversely by gas stripping. The presence of cells in the fermentation broth affected the selectivities of ABE. A considerable improvement in the productivity and yield was recorded in this work in comparison with the non-integrated process. In an integrated process of ABE fermentation-recovery using C. beijerinckii BA101, ABE productivities and yield were improved up to 200 and 118%, respectively, as compared to control batch fermentation data. In a batch reactor C. beijerinckii BA101 utilized 45.4 g glucose l super(-1) and produced 17.7 g total ABE l super(-1), while in the integrated process it utilized 161.7 g glucose l super(-1) and produced total ABE of 75.9 g l super(-1). In the integrated process, acids were completely converted to solvents when compared to the non-integrated process (batch fermentation) which contained residual acids at the end of fermentation. In situ removal of ABE by gas stripping has been reported to be one of the most important techniques of solvent removal. During these studies we were able to maintain the ABE concentration in the fermentation broth below toxic levels. JF - World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Ezeji, T C AU - Qureshi, N AU - Blaschek, H P AD - Fermentation and Biotechnology Research, USDA, NCAUR, 1815 N University, IL 61604 Peoria, USA, qureshin@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 595 EP - 603 VL - 19 IS - 6 SN - 0959-3993, 0959-3993 KW - acetone KW - butanol KW - ethanol KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Gases KW - Fermentation KW - Bioreactors KW - Clostridium beijerinckii KW - Batch culture KW - W2 32357:Alcohols KW - W2 32580:Fermentation and process engineering KW - A 01061:General KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 210:Bioremediation, Bioreactors & BioCycling UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18947431?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Journal+of+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Production+of+acetone%2C+butanol+and+ethanol+by+Clostridium+beijerinckii+BA101+and+in+situ+recovery+by+gas+stripping&rft.au=Ezeji%2C+T+C%3BQureshi%2C+N%3BBlaschek%2C+H+P&rft.aulast=Ezeji&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=595&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=World+Journal+of+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=09593993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clostridium beijerinckii; Fermentation; Batch culture; Gases; Bioreactors ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Current Research on Reducing Pre- and Post-harvest Aflatoxin Contamination of U.S. Almond, Pistachio, and Walnut AN - 18944954; 5707518 AB - Aflatoxins are considered to be potent carcinogens and teratogens to humans and farm animals. A variety of species of the fungal genus Aspergillus (mainly A. flavus and A. parasiticus) synthesize aflatoxins. Spores of these fungi are common in air and soil of agricultural areas of temperate and tropical environments. Because aflatoxigenic fungi are ubiquitous and opportunistic, aflatoxin contamination has become a food safety concern. The chief U.S. crops affected by the threat of contamination with aflatoxin include corn, peanuts, cottonseed, and certain tree nuts. Additionally, aflatoxin contamination has also become an international trade issue. Major trading partners of U.S. agricultural products have set total aflatoxin action threshold levels at four ng/g (ppb). This action level is far below the 20 ppb level recommended by the U.S. Food and Drug administration for domestic foods. Almonds, pistachios and walnuts are one of the major food commodities affected by food safety and trade issues associated with aflatoxin contamination. Commercial domestic production of these tree nuts in the U.S. is entirely in California. Moreover, 50 to 75% of domestically produced tree nuts are exported, chiefly to countries of the European Union (EU), which adhere to the four ppb action threshold level. Scientists at the USDA's Western Regional Research Center and the University of California, Davis' Department of Pomology and Kearney Agricultural Center have developed products and methods to reduce aflatoxin contamination of tree nuts. Control of insect pests in tree nut orchards is a major strategy to curtail aflatoxin contamination. Insect feeding damage can lead to fungal infection and concomitant aflatoxin contamination. This is especially the case with navel orange-worm on pistachio and almond. A new and potent lure has been developed to control codling moth, a major insect pest of walnuts whose feeding damage potentially leads to fungal infection. Through breeding and genetic engineering, new varieties of almonds and walnuts have been developed which are resistant to insect attack. New orchard management strategies have been prescribed to reduce reservoirs of A. flavus in tree nut orchards. A number of saprophytic yeasts, natural to tree nut orchards, have been discovered which show promise as biological control agents of A. flavus, in vitro, and are awaiting field testing. New and improved risk assessment models have been developed for sampling and measuring aflatoxin contamination through the processing stream and in bulk shipping lots of tree nuts. An automated sorter that detects and removes aflatoxin contaminated nuts from a processing stream in real time was developed. It was also concluded that methods currently used for hand-cracking of closed shell pistachios result in a higher risk of aflatoxin contamination. Perhaps the foremost breakthrough to date, however, is that constituents of walnut seed coat, especially from the cultivar 'Tulare', are potent inhibitors of aflatoxin biosynthesis, capable of rendering aflatoxigenic A. flavus virtually atoxigenic. JF - Journal of Toxicology: Toxin Reviews AU - Campbell, B C AU - Molyneux, R J AU - Schatzki, T F AD - Plant Mycotoxin Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, USDA, ARS, Albany, CA, USA, bcc@pw.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 225 EP - 266 PB - Marcel Dekker Journals VL - 22 IS - 2-3 SN - 0731-3837, 0731-3837 KW - Black walnut KW - pistachio KW - almond KW - crop management KW - disease control KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Contamination KW - Disease control KW - Pistacia vera KW - Juglans nigra KW - Prunus dulcis KW - Aflatoxins KW - Food contamination KW - Mycotoxins KW - Reviews KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - H 14000:Toxicology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18944954?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Toxin+Reviews&rft.atitle=Current+Research+on+Reducing+Pre-+and+Post-harvest+Aflatoxin+Contamination+of+U.S.+Almond%2C+Pistachio%2C+and+Walnut&rft.au=Campbell%2C+B+C%3BMolyneux%2C+R+J%3BSchatzki%2C+T+F&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=225&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Toxin+Reviews&rft.issn=07313837&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FTXR-120024093 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Aflatoxin and Food Safety. Part I. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prunus dulcis; Juglans nigra; Pistacia vera; Reviews; Aflatoxins; Food contamination; Contamination; Mycotoxins; Disease control DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/TXR-120024093 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Insect Management to Facilitate Preharvest Mycotoxin Management AN - 18944111; 5707642 AB - Many species of insects can facilitate the entry of mycotoxin-producing fungi to commodities such as cotton seed, maize, peanuts, and tree nuts. The mycotoxins most commonly associated with insect damage are aflatoxin and fumonisin. Insecticides will likely remain an important management tool, especially as predictive models for forecasting mycotoxigenic fungi or mycotoxins become available. Plants with high levels of resistance to insects that facilitate mycotoxins are likely to assist in mycotoxin management. Several studies now indicate Bt maize hybrids that express the protein throughout the plant can prevent fumonisin levels rising above guideline levels of 1-2 ppm when European corn borers (Ostrinia nubilalis) are the predominant insect pests. JF - Journal of Toxicology: Toxin Reviews AU - Dowd, P F AD - Crop BioProtection Research Unit, U.S.D.A., Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL, USA, dowdpf@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 327 EP - 350 PB - Marcel Dekker Journals VL - 22 IS - 2-3 SN - 0731-3837, 0731-3837 KW - European corn borer KW - Insects KW - crop management KW - disease control KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Mycotoxins KW - Reviews KW - Disease control KW - Ostrinia nubilalis KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - H 14000:Toxicology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18944111?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Toxin+Reviews&rft.atitle=Insect+Management+to+Facilitate+Preharvest+Mycotoxin+Management&rft.au=Dowd%2C+P+F&rft.aulast=Dowd&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=327&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Toxin+Reviews&rft.issn=07313837&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FTXR-120024097 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Aflatoxin and Food Safety. Part I. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ostrinia nubilalis; Reviews; Mycotoxins; Disease control DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/TXR-120024097 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Controlling Aflatoxin and Fumonisin in Maize by Crop Management AN - 18944036; 5707433 AB - Maize is a vital food and feed grain worldwide. Aflatoxin and fumonisin, mycotoxins produced primarily by the fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus Speare, and Fusarium moniliforme J. Sheld, respectively, are very potent carcinogens in both humans and livestock and can readily contaminate maize grain in the field and in storage. Stress on developing maize, particularly during reproductive growth, facilitates infection by the fungi, production of mycotoxins and contamination of the grain. Drought, excessive heat, inadequate plant nutrition, insect feeding on developing kernels, weeds, excessive plant populations, and other plant diseases can produce plant stress and facilitate the infection of maize grain by mycotoxin producing fungi. Timely planting of adapted hybrids, proper plant nutrition, irrigation, and insect control either by insecticides or the use of transgenic hybrids all assist in curbing mycotoxin contamination. Production practices that produce high yields are basically the same ones that help control mycotoxins. Care must also be exercised in harvesting and handling grain in transport and storage to reduce kernel breakage and prevent contamination. Harvesting early and artificial drying helps reduce the incidence of mycotoxins as well as preventing kernel breakage and stored-grain insect infestations. JF - Journal of Toxicology: Toxin Reviews AU - Bruns, HA AD - Crop Genetics and Production Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Box 345, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA, abruns@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 153 EP - 173 PB - Marcel Dekker Journals VL - 22 IS - 2-3 SN - 0731-3837, 0731-3837 KW - maize KW - crop management KW - disease control KW - fumonisins KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Fumonisins KW - Disease control KW - Aflatoxins KW - Mycotoxins KW - Zea mays KW - Reviews KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - H 14000:Toxicology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18944036?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Toxin+Reviews&rft.atitle=Controlling+Aflatoxin+and+Fumonisin+in+Maize+by+Crop+Management&rft.au=Bruns%2C+HA&rft.aulast=Bruns&rft.aufirst=HA&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Toxin+Reviews&rft.issn=07313837&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FTXR-120024090 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Aflatoxin and Food Safety. Part I. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; Mycotoxins; Aflatoxins; Reviews; Fumonisins; Disease control DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/TXR-120024090 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Integration of Crop Management and Genetics for Control of Preharvest Aflatoxin Contamination of Corn AN - 18943424; 5707435 AB - Aflatoxin contamination of corn in the field is influenced by several factors. In the southern U.S., insect populations are usually large every year. Drought caused by warmer and drier than normal weather is conducive to A. flavus infection and aflatoxin contamination of corn, Zea mays L. When loose-husked hybrids are used in the southern U.S., they accentuate insect damage and aflatoxin contamination. The development and breeding of "southern-type" hybrids is essential for control of preharvest aflatoxin contamination. Molecular biotechnology may make an impact on tackling the complexity of preharvest aflatoxin contamination of corn. Integration of crop management tactics and genetic strategies, conventional or molecular, may constrain the problem and help southern corn growers produce a quality, profitable crop. JF - Journal of Toxicology: Toxin Reviews AU - Widstrom, N W AU - Guo, B Z AU - Wilson, D M AD - Crop Protection and Management Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Tifton, GA 31793, USA, bguo@tifton.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 195 EP - 223 PB - Marcel Dekker Journals VL - 22 IS - 2-3 SN - 0731-3837, 0731-3837 KW - maize KW - crop management KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Contamination KW - Disease control KW - Aflatoxins KW - Food contamination KW - Crops KW - Genetics KW - Mycotoxins KW - Zea mays KW - Reviews KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - H 14000:Toxicology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18943424?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Toxin+Reviews&rft.atitle=Integration+of+Crop+Management+and+Genetics+for+Control+of+Preharvest+Aflatoxin+Contamination+of+Corn&rft.au=Widstrom%2C+N+W%3BGuo%2C+B+Z%3BWilson%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Widstrom&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Toxin+Reviews&rft.issn=07313837&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FTXR-120024092 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Aflatoxin and Food Safety. Part I. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; Aflatoxins; Crops; Reviews; Food contamination; Genetics; Disease control; Mycotoxins; Contamination DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/TXR-120024092 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An individual-based model of canid populations: modelling territoriality and social structure AN - 18942676; 5703399 AB - The management of canid populations has been at the forefront of wildlife management worldwide for much of the last century. Effective management depends on the ability to integrate species biology, the environmental aspects upon which those populations depend, and the factors controlling species abundance. Further, managing canid populations requires consideration of territoriality and dominance, which may have a significant effect on population dynamics. To better understand the effect of social structure on canid populations, we developed an individual-based computer model using Swarm to mimic natural coyote population dynamics. We selected the Swarm simulation environment because it is ideally suited for creating a system of multiple interacting agents with variable schedules and hierarchies. Swarm was a software platform that allows the user to describe generic individuals and behaviours, link those behaviours in each concurrent time step, and assemble behaviours and objects in a hierarchical framework. This model stands apart from previous modelling efforts because it explicitly incorporates behavioral features, such as dominance and territoriality, as major determinates of species demography into a simple model. Individual variation, such as status within territorial social groups and age- based reproduction are incorporated, but assumptions typically associated with most demographic models are not needed. The simple population model with few parameters not only closely resembled 'real world' populations but also helped us understand population dynamics that emerged from model. The sensitivity analysis revealed that the model was largely insensitive to individual parameter estimates and could be used to guide management of territorial animal populations with social structure. The model output variables closely matched the mean and range of values reported in the literature of wild populations for population size, proportion of females breeding, offspring survival and litter size. The variation of model output was similar to the variation recorded in field studies. Further, population dynamics reported from field studies emerged from the model and may help to explain the mechanisms responsible for this variation. This type of model could also provide insights into potential management alternatives for other canid species or other species with similar social structure. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Pitt, W C AU - Box, P W AU - Knowlton, F AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Hawaii Field Station, P.O. Box 10880, Hilo, HI 96721, USA, will.pitt@usda.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 109 EP - 121 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 166 IS - 1-2 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - Dogs KW - Foxes KW - Jackals KW - Wolves KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Social organization KW - Wildlife management KW - Population studies KW - Territorial behavior KW - Canidae KW - Models KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18942676?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=An+individual-based+model+of+canid+populations%3A+modelling+territoriality+and+social+structure&rft.au=Pitt%2C+W+C%3BBox%2C+P+W%3BKnowlton%2C+F&rft.aulast=Pitt&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=166&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0304-3800%2803%2900130-3 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Canidae; Models; Population studies; Territorial behavior; Social organization; Wildlife management DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(03)00130-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecology and Population Biology of Aflatoxigenic Fungi in Soil AN - 18941276; 5707643 AB - Soil serves as a reservoir for Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, fungi that produce carcinogenic aflatoxins in agricultural commodities. Populations in soil are genetically diverse and individual genotypes show a clustered distribution pattern within fields. Surveys over large geographic regions suggest that climate and crop composition influence species density and aflatoxin-producing potential. Aflatoxigenic fungi reside in soil as conidia, sclerotia and hyphae, which act as primary inocula for directly infecting peanuts or for infecting aerial crops (corn, cottonseed, tree nuts) through wind and insect dispersal. Infected crops periodically replenish soil populations during drought years. JF - Journal of Toxicology: Toxin Reviews AU - Horn, B W AD - Ecology and Population Biology of Aflatoxigenic Fungi in Soil, BHorn@nprl.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 351 EP - 379 PB - Marcel Dekker Journals VL - 22 IS - 2-3 SN - 0731-3837, 0731-3837 KW - ecology KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Mycotoxins KW - Fungi KW - Reviews KW - Aflatoxins KW - Soil microorganisms KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18941276?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Toxin+Reviews&rft.atitle=Ecology+and+Population+Biology+of+Aflatoxigenic+Fungi+in+Soil&rft.au=Horn%2C+B+W&rft.aulast=Horn&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=351&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Toxin+Reviews&rft.issn=07313837&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FTXR-120024098 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Aflatoxin and Food Safety. Part I. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Reviews; Aflatoxins; Mycotoxins; Fungi; Soil microorganisms DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/TXR-120024098 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhancing Maize Germplasm with Resistance to Aflatoxin Contamination AN - 18939859; 5707434 AB - Preharvest kernel infection by Aspergillus flavus and the subsequent accumulation of aflatoxin in maize grain are chronic problems in the southeastern United States. Aflatoxin is a natural carcinogen, and its presence markedly reduces the value of grain. Losses to aflatoxin contamination reach devastating levels some years. Development and deployment of maize hybrids with resistance to aflatoxin contamination is generally considered the most feasible method of reducing or eliminating the problem. Research to address the aflatoxin problem was initiated by USDA-ARS at Mississippi State, MS, in the late 1970s. The goals of the research were to identify and develop aflatoxin-resistant maize germplasm. First, reliable techniques for screening germplasm were developed. Then, germplasm from numerous sources was screened. The release of Mp313E in 1988 was the first release of maize germplasm with resistance to aflatoxin contamination. Two other germplasm lines, Mp420 and Mp715, were released in 1991 and 1999, respectively. Additional germplasm lines have been developed, but not yet released. Efforts are currently underway to identify other sources of resistance. When used in crosses with other lines, the aflatoxin-resistant lines markedly reduce the level of aflatoxin contamination in the resulting hybrids. Analysis of a diallel cross indicated that general combining ability was a significant source of variation in the inheritance of resistance to aflatoxin contamination. Efforts to combine resistance to aflatoxin combination and agronomic qualities using both conventional breeding methods and molecular marker assisted selection have been initiated. JF - Journal of Toxicology: Toxin Reviews AU - Williams, W P AU - Windham, G L AU - Buckley, P M AD - Corn Host Plant Resistance Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA, WPWilliams@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 175 EP - 193 PB - Marcel Dekker Journals VL - 22 IS - 2-3 SN - 0731-3837, 0731-3837 KW - maize KW - disease resistance KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - Aflatoxins KW - Disease resistance KW - Crops KW - Breeding KW - Zea mays KW - Reviews KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - H 14000:Toxicology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18939859?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Toxin+Reviews&rft.atitle=Enhancing+Maize+Germplasm+with+Resistance+to+Aflatoxin+Contamination&rft.au=Williams%2C+W+P%3BWindham%2C+G+L%3BBuckley%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Toxin+Reviews&rft.issn=07313837&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FTXR-120024091 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Aflatoxin and Food Safety. Part I. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus flavus; Zea mays; Reviews; Crops; Breeding; Disease resistance; Aflatoxins DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/TXR-120024091 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assimilation of surface soil moisture to estimate profile soil water content AN - 18910976; 5705329 AB - The use of surface soil water content data as additional input for the Root Zone Water Quality Model in modeling profile soil water content was investigated at four field sites in the Little Washita River Experimental Watershed in south central Oklahoma, coincident with the Southern Great Plains 1997 (SGP97) Hydrology Experiment. Modeled soil water profile estimates were compared to field measurements made periodically during the same time period using a field calibrated time-domain reflectometry (TDR) system. The model was first run in the normal mode with inputs of initial conditions and upper boundary conditions of measured rainfall intensities and daily mean meteorological variables that determined evapotranspiration (ET). Soil hydraulic properties used in the model were estimated from limited soils data information, since in practical terms this is usually the case. Moreover, in our earlier study even the complete description of hydraulic properties based on laboratory and field measurements did not improve the results over average profile estimates using only limited input data. The model runs were then repeated with the daily simulated soil water content in the surface 0-5 cm layer being replaced by 0-5 cm measured soil water content. This process of forcing measured surface water content as additional model input is called direct insertion data assimilation. The simulated profile soil water contents, with and without data assimilation, were compared with TDR-measured profiles to a depth of 60 cm. Gravimetric surface soil water content was measured during SGP97 from June 18 to July 16, 1997 and used as a surrogate for remotely sensed surface moisture data. Data assimilation of surface soil moisture improved model estimates to a depth of 30 cm at all sites. Of particular significance, with data assimilation, model estimates more closely matched the measured dynamic fluctuations of soil moisture in the top 30 cm in response to rainfall events. There was no significant improvement in soil water estimates below the 30 cm depth. This may indicate that data assimilation of surface soil moisture tends to compensate for any errors in model simulations emanating from: (1) errors in the measurement of rainfall intensities or in using 5-min averaged rainfall intensities as done here; (2) errors in using daily average values of meteorological variables that determine ET in a daily ET model; (3) errors in determining hydraulic properties of the surface soil by either laboratory methods or more simple techniques; (4) errors due to the spatial variability of soil hydraulic properties not properly represented in the model. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Heathman, G C AU - Starks, P J AU - Ahuja, L R AU - Jackson, T J AD - USDA-ARS, Grazinglands Research Laboratory, 7207 West Cheyenne Street, el Reno, OK 73036, USA, heathman@grl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 1 EP - 17 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 279 IS - 1-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - USA, Oklahoma, Little Washita R. KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - M2 551.579.5:Soil moisture, percolation (551.579.5) KW - M2 556.072:Models, analogies, etc. (556.072) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18910976?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Assimilation+of+surface+soil+moisture+to+estimate+profile+soil+water+content&rft.au=Heathman%2C+G+C%3BStarks%2C+P+J%3BAhuja%2C+L+R%3BJackson%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Heathman&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=279&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0022-1694%2803%2900088-X LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00088-X ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Serratia marcescens, a phloem-colonizing, squash bug-transmitted bacterium: Causal agent of cucurbit yellow vine disease AN - 18896088; 5762774 AB - Cucurbit yellow vine disease (CYVD), which can inflict heavy losses to watermelon, pumpkin, cantaloupe, and squash in U.S. production areas from the midwest to northeastern states, causes phloem discoloration, foliar yellowing, wilting, and plant decline. Bacteria were cultured from the phloem of crown sections of symptomatic plants of Citrullus lanatas and Cucurbita pepo. Those bacteria testing positive in CYVD-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were all gram negative and appeared morphologically identical, producing creamy white, smooth, entire, convex colonies on Luria-Bertani or nutrient agar. Characterized cucurbit-derived strains of Serratia marcescens were introduced into greenhouse-grown squash plants by puncture inoculation and into field-grown squash plants by enclosure with S. marcescens-fed squash bugs, Anasa tristis. Up to 60% of the bacteria-inoculated plants in the greenhouse and up to 17% of field plants caged with inoculative squash bugs developed phloem discoloration and tested positive for S. marcescens by CYVD-specific PCR. None of the controls developed phloem discoloration or tested positive by PCR. Of the diseased field plants, 12% (2 of 35) also yellowed, wilted, and collapsed, exhibiting full symptom development of CYVD. However, neither plant collapse nor decline was observed in the greenhouse-grown, puncture-inoculated plants. The morphology, growth habit, and PCR reaction of bacteria cultured from crown tissue of a subset of plants in each experimental group were indistinguishable from those of the inoculum bacteria. Evidence presented from our studies confirms that the squash bug can transmit S. marcescens, the CYVD causal bacterium. The S. marcescens-A. tristis relationship described here is the first instance in which the squash bug has been identified as a vector of a plant pathogen. Our experiments represent a completion of the steps of Koch's postulates, demonstrating that S. marcescens is the causal agent of CYVD and that the squash bug, A. tristis, is a vector of the pathogen. JF - Plant Disease AU - Bruton, B D AU - Mitchell, F AU - Fletcher, J AU - Pair, S D AU - Wayadande, A AU - Melcher, U AU - Brady, J AU - Bextine, B AU - Popham, T W AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Lane, OK 74555, USA, bbruton-usda@lane-ag.org Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 937 EP - 944 VL - 87 IS - 8 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - cucurbit yellow vine disease KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01028:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18896088?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Serratia+marcescens%2C+a+phloem-colonizing%2C+squash+bug-transmitted+bacterium%3A+Causal+agent+of+cucurbit+yellow+vine+disease&rft.au=Bruton%2C+B+D%3BMitchell%2C+F%3BFletcher%2C+J%3BPair%2C+S+D%3BWayadande%2C+A%3BMelcher%2C+U%3BBrady%2C+J%3BBextine%2C+B%3BPopham%2C+T+W&rft.aulast=Bruton&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=937&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Presence of Xylella fastidiosa in sweet orange fruit and seeds and its transmission to seedlings AN - 18895995; 5762725 AB - Xylella fastidiosa, a xylem-limited bacterium, causes several economically important diseases in North, Central, and South America. These diseases are transmitted by sharpshooter insects, contaminated budwood, and natural root-grafts. X. fastidiosa extensively colonizes the xylem vessels of susceptible plants. Citrus fruit have a well-developed vascular system, which is continuous with the vascular system of the plant. Citrus seeds develop very prominent vascular bundles, which are attached through ovular and seed bundles to the xylem system of the fruit. Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) fruit of cvs. Pera, Natal, and Valencia with characteristic symptoms of citrus variegated chlorosis disease were collected for analysis. X. fastidiosa was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in all main fruit vascular bundles, as well as in the seed and in dissected seed parts. No visual abnormalities were observed in seeds infected with the bacterium. However, the embryos of the infected seeds weighed 25% less than those of healthy seeds, and their germination rate was lower than uninfected seeds. There were about 2,500 cells of X. fastidiosa per infected seed of sweet orange, as quantified using real-time PCR techniques. The identification of X. fastidiosa in the infected seeds was confirmed by cloning and sequencing the specific amplification product, obtained by standard PCR with specific primers. X. fastidiosa was also detected in and recovered from seedlings by isolation in vitro. Our results show that X. fastidiosa can infect and colonize fruit tissues including the seed. We also have shown that X. fastidiosa can be transmitted from seeds to seedlings of sweet orange. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the presence of X. fastidiosa in seeds and its transmission to seedlings. JF - Phytopathology AU - Li, W-B AU - Pria, WD Jr AU - Lacava, P M AU - Qin, X AU - Hartung, J S AD - Fruit Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, hartungj@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 953 EP - 958 VL - 93 IS - 8 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01027:Fruit trees UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18895995?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Presence+of+Xylella+fastidiosa+in+sweet+orange+fruit+and+seeds+and+its+transmission+to+seedlings&rft.au=Li%2C+W-B%3BPria%2C+WD+Jr%3BLacava%2C+P+M%3BQin%2C+X%3BHartung%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=W-B&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=953&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enzyme activities and microbial community structure in semiarid agricultural soils AN - 18894933; 5766452 AB - This study investigated the effect of management on beta -glucosidase, beta -glucosaminidase, alkaline phosphatase, and arylsulfatase activities and the microbial community structure in semiarid soils from West Texas, USA. Surface samples (0-5 cm) were taken from a fine sandy loam, sandy clay loam, and loam that were under continuous cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) or in cotton rotated with peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.), rye (Secale cereale) or wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and had different water management (irrigated or dryland), and tillage (conservation or conventional). The enzyme activities were higher in the loam and sandy clay loam than in the fine sandy loam. Soil pH was not affected by management, but the soil organic C and total N contents were generally affected by the different crop rotations and tillage practices studied. The trends of the enzyme activities as affected by management depended on the soil, but in general crop rotations and conservation tillage increased the enzyme activities in comparison to continuous cotton and conventional tillage. The soil enzyme activities were significantly correlated with the soil organic C (r-values up to 0.90, P<0.001), and were correlated among each other (r-values up to 0.90, P<0.001). There were differences in the fatty acid methyl ester profiles between the fine sandy loam and the sandy clay loam and loam, and they reflected the differences in the enzyme activities found among the soils. For example, a 15:0 ranged from 1.61 plus or minus 0.25% in cotton-peanut/irrigated/no-till in the fine sandy loam to 3.86 plus or minus 0.48% in cotton-sorghum/dryland/conservation tillage in the sandy clay loam. There were no differences due to management within the same soil. JF - Biology and Fertility of Soils AU - Acosta-Martinez, V AU - Zobeck, T M AU - Gill, TE AU - Kennedy, A C AD - Plant Stress and Water Conservation Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 3810 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79415, USA, vacostam@lbk.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 216 EP - 227 VL - 38 IS - 4 SN - 0178-2762, 0178-2762 KW - beta -Glucosaminidase KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01047:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18894933?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biology+and+Fertility+of+Soils&rft.atitle=Enzyme+activities+and+microbial+community+structure+in+semiarid+agricultural+soils&rft.au=Acosta-Martinez%2C+V%3BZobeck%2C+T+M%3BGill%2C+TE%3BKennedy%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Acosta-Martinez&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=216&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biology+and+Fertility+of+Soils&rft.issn=01782762&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Invasion pathways of Karnal bunt of wheat into the United States AN - 18894703; 5762782 AB - Karnal bunt of wheat (caused by Tilletia indica) was first detected in the United States in Arizona in 1996. The seed lots of infected, spring-habit, durum wheat associated with the initial detection were traced to planted fields in California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas. However, in the summer of 1997, the disease appeared in unrelated, winter-habit, bread wheat located over 700 km from the nearest potentially contaminated wheat from 1996 (and destroyed prior to reinfection). Here, we examined potential invasion pathways of the fungus associated with the movement of wheat into the United States. We analyzed the USDA/APHIS Port Information Network (PIN) database from 1984 through 2000 to determine likely pathways of introduction based on where, when, and how the disease was intercepted coming into the United States. All interceptions were made on wheat transported from Mexico, with the majority (98.8%) being intercepted at land border crossings. Karnal bunt was not intercepted from any other country over the 17-year period analyzed. Most interceptions were on wheat found in automobiles, trucks, and railway cars. The majority of interceptions were made at Laredo, Brownsville, Eagle Pass, and El Paso, TX, and Nogales, AZ. Karnal bunt was intercepted in all 17 years; however, interceptions peaked in 1986 and 1987. Averaged over all years, more interceptions (19.2%) were made in the month of May than in any other month. Our results indicate that Karnal bunt has probably arrived in the United States on many occasions, at least since 1984. Because of the relatively unaggressive nature of the disease and its reliance on rather exacting weather conditions for infection, we surmised that it is possible this disease has a long period of latent survival between initial arrival and becoming a thriving, established disease. JF - Plant Disease AU - Marshall, D AU - Work, T T AU - Cavey, J F AD - USDA/ARS, Plant Science Research Unit, Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7616, USA, david_marshall@ncsu.edu Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 999 EP - 1003 VL - 87 IS - 8 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Karnal bunt KW - Wheat KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18894703?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Invasion+pathways+of+Karnal+bunt+of+wheat+into+the+United+States&rft.au=Marshall%2C+D%3BWork%2C+T+T%3BCavey%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=999&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Northern spotted owl habitat models for research and management application in California (USA) AN - 18887410; 5735624 AB - In order to test the veracity of currently accepted ideas about Northern Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) habitat associations in the Klamath Province of northern California (USA) we compared different habitat descriptions using predictive habitat-association models. The current description used by federal agencies and new descriptions based on research results and field biologists' best estimates of owl nesting/roosting habitat and foraging habitat were evaluated. For each habitat description, three habitat metrics and three forms of the relationship between owl occupancy and quantities of these habitat metrics were evaluated, each at three spatial scales. Our refined descriptions of owl nesting and roosting, and foraging habitat, were better at predicting owl occupancy than the habitat description currently used by federal land managers. The best-fitting model for predicting owl occupancy was at the 200-ha scale and exhibited a pseudo-threshold relationship to nesting and roosting habitat and a quadratic relationship to foraging habitat. This model correctly classified owl-occupied sites 94% of the time for the developmental data set and between 85% and 92% of the time on four independent test data sets. The current description of owl habitat in northern California ranked among the worst in the collection of models we examined. The testing of multiple models on the four independent data sets was very important for determining the goodness-of-fit and predictive capabilities of the best models. We explored the use of the best-fitting model to predict number of owls on several independent study areas and found a strong correlation between predicted and observed number of owls. The results of this study are beginning to be used to make land-management decisions regarding harvesting and prescribed-burning activities on federal forestlands and were specifically designed to be amenable to adaptive resource management. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Zabel, C J AU - Dunk, J R AU - Stauffer, H B AU - Roberts, L M AU - Mulder, B S AU - Wright, A AD - Redwood Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 1700 Bayview Drive, Arcata, California 95521, USA Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 1027 EP - 1040 PB - Ecological Society of America VL - 13 IS - 4 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - Northern spotted owl KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18887410?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=Northern+spotted+owl+habitat+models+for+research+and+management+application+in+California+%28USA%29&rft.au=Zabel%2C+C+J%3BDunk%2C+J+R%3BStauffer%2C+H+B%3BRoberts%2C+L+M%3BMulder%2C+B+S%3BWright%2C+A&rft.aulast=Zabel&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1027&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - nodD Alleles of Sinorhizobium fredii USDA191 Differentially Influence Soybean Nodulation, nodC Expression, and Production of Exopolysaccharides AN - 18885238; 5741417 AB - All Rhizobium strains examined to date have one or multiple alleles of nodD. At least one copy of nodD and the presence of flavonoid exudates are required for nod gene induction and nodulation. Sinorhizobium fredii USDA191 has two copies of nodD. In this study, we demonstrate that inactivation of either copy of nodD caused a reduction in basal levels of expression of nodC. Extra copies of nodD1 had no effect on the expression of nodC when compared with the wild type, but extra copies of nodD2 abolished the inducer requirement, thereby rendering nodC constitutive. A nodD1 mutant was unable to nodulate soybean cultivars 'Peking' and 'McCall'. Inactivation of nodD2 or addition of extra copies of nodD1 or nodD2 caused delayed nodulation on Peking, and reduced the number of nodules on McCall. Both nodD alleles of S. fredii USDA191 appear to be involved in regulation of exopolysaccharide production; however, nodD2 appears to be more important in this respect than nodD1. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Machado, D AU - Krishnan, H B AD - Plant Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS and Department of Agronomy, 108W Curtis Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA, US Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 134 EP - 137 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 47 IS - 2 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - nodC gene KW - nodD gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01051:Nitrogen cycle KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18885238?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=nodD+Alleles+of+Sinorhizobium+fredii+USDA191+Differentially+Influence+Soybean+Nodulation%2C+nodC+Expression%2C+and+Production+of+Exopolysaccharides&rft.au=Machado%2C+D%3BKrishnan%2C+H+B&rft.aulast=Machado&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=134&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00284-002-3972-6 L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00284/bibs/3047002/30470134.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00284-002-3972-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Technical Note: Direct Analysis of Plasticizers in Aqueous Samples by Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (APCI-MS-MS) AN - 18878998; 5730739 AB - The widespread manufacture of plastics requires the similarly ubiquitous use of plasticizers. Plasticizers such as bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DOA) and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DOP) enhance polymer strength and flexibility and are found in polymeric products such as cosmetics, detergents, and building and storage products. However, these additives are not bound to the polymer matrix and are subject to leaching. A recent Health Canada report warned that DOP may leach from medical devices and cause harm to infants, young boys, pregnant women, and nursing mothers. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) estimates that over 450,000 pounds of DOA were released to land and water during the period of 1987-1993. JF - Journal of Analytical Toxicology AU - Kimball, BA AU - Primus, T M AU - Johnston, J J AD - USDA/APHIS/NWRC, 4101 LaPorte Avenue, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 309 EP - 312 VL - 27 IS - 5 SN - 0146-4760, 0146-4760 KW - bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate KW - bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate KW - detection KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18878998?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Analytical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Technical+Note%3A+Direct+Analysis+of+Plasticizers+in+Aqueous+Samples+by+Atmospheric+Pressure+Chemical+Ionization-Tandem+Mass+Spectrometry+%28APCI-MS-MS%29&rft.au=Kimball%2C+BA%3BPrimus%2C+T+M%3BJohnston%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Kimball&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=309&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Analytical+Toxicology&rft.issn=01464760&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gene content and organization of an 85-kb DNA segment from the genome of the phytopathogenic mollicute Spiroplasma kunkelii AN - 18874867; 5723946 AB - Spiroplasma kunkelii, the causative agent of corn stunt disease in maize (Zea mays L.), is a helical, cell wall-less prokaryote assigned to the class Mollicutes. As part of a project to sequence the entire S. kunkelii genome, we analyzed an 85-kb DNA segment from the pathogenic strain CR2-3x. This genome segment contains 101 ORFs and two tRNA genes. The majority of the ORFs code for predicted proteins that can be assigned to respective clusters of orthologous groups (COGs). These COGs cover diverse functional categories including genetic information storage and processing, cellular processes, and metabolism. The most notable gene cluster in this genome segment is a super-operon capable of encoding 24 ribosomal proteins. The organization of genes in this operon reflects the unique evolutionary position of the spiroplasma. Gene duplications, domain rearrangements, and frameshift mutations in the segment are interpreted as indicators of phase variation in the spiroplasma. To our knowledge, this is the first analysis of a large genome segment from a plant pathogenic spiroplasma. JF - Molecular Genetics and Genomics AU - Zhao, Y AU - Hammond, R W AU - Jomantiene, R AU - Dally, EL AU - Lee, I M AU - Jia, H AU - Wu, H AU - Lin, S AU - Zhang, P AU - Kenton, S AU - Najar, F Z AU - Hua, A AU - Roe, BA AU - Fletcher, J AU - Davis, R E AD - Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Room 118, Bldg 004, MD 20705, Beltsville, USA Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 592 EP - 602 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 269 IS - 5 SN - 1617-4615, 1617-4615 KW - clusters of orthologous groups KW - maize KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Genetics Abstracts KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18874867?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Genetics+and+Genomics&rft.atitle=Gene+content+and+organization+of+an+85-kb+DNA+segment+from+the+genome+of+the+phytopathogenic+mollicute+Spiroplasma+kunkelii&rft.au=Zhao%2C+Y%3BHammond%2C+R+W%3BJomantiene%2C+R%3BDally%2C+EL%3BLee%2C+I+M%3BJia%2C+H%3BWu%2C+H%3BLin%2C+S%3BZhang%2C+P%3BKenton%2C+S%3BNajar%2C+F+Z%3BHua%2C+A%3BRoe%2C+BA%3BFletcher%2C+J%3BDavis%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Zhao&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=269&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=592&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Genetics+and+Genomics&rft.issn=16174615&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00438-003-0878-3 L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00438/bibs/3269005/32690592.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00438-003-0878-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal and Diurnal Dynamics of Spiders (Araneae) in West Virginia Orchards and the Effect of Orchard Management on Spider Communities AN - 18869523; 5712951 AB - Four West Virginia apple orchards under different management (unmanaged; horticultural management only; horticultural management with apple, peach, and cherry trees interplanted; and standard commercial management) were sampled for spider abundance. Sampling was done with limb jarring at four times during the season; samples were taken hourly over a 24-h period. A total of 1,926 spiders from 15 families was collected, and 44% of all spiders were Salticidae. More spiders were collected in August (37%) than earlier months, but the highest diversity of spider families was in July. Older, unsprayed apple trees had the greatest diversity of spiders. The family Oxyopidae was most abundant in the commercially managed orchard. Spiders in the families Anyphaenidae, Philodromidae, and Thomisidae were significantly more abundant during night samples than during the day. Philodromids were also significantly more abundant on peach and cherry trees than on apple, possibly being attracted to extrafloral nectaries. Comparisons with other published data sets found that regional differences were more important determinants of spider community structure in apple than insecticide use. Northwest European, sprayed Quebec, and sprayed Washington apple orchards were found to be dominated by web-building spiders; the other North American and Israeli orchards were dominated by hunting spiders. Abundance and diversity of the spider community in orchards suggests that spiders could be major contributors to biological control of many insect pests. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Brown, M W AU - Schmitt, J J AU - Abraham, B J Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 830 EP - 839 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 32 IS - 4 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Crab spiders KW - Jumping spiders KW - Spiders KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18869523?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Seasonal+and+Diurnal+Dynamics+of+Spiders+%28Araneae%29+in+West+Virginia+Orchards+and+the+Effect+of+Orchard+Management+on+Spider+Communities&rft.au=Brown%2C+M+W%3BSchmitt%2C+J+J%3BAbraham%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=830&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282003%29032%280830%3ASADDOS%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0046-225X&volume=32&page=830 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2003)032(0830:SADDOS)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field Trials Using the Fungal Pathogen, Metarhizium anisopliae (Deuteromycetes: Hyphomycetes) to Control the Ectoparasitic Mite, Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae) in Honey Bee, Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Colonies AN - 18869035; 5712554 AB - The potential for Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschinkoff) to control the parasitic mite, Varroa destructor (Anderson and Trueman) in honey bee colonies was evaluated in field trials against the miticide, tau-fluvalinate (Apistan). Peak mortality of V. destructor occurred 3-4 d after the conidia were applied; however, the mites were still infected 42 d posttreatments. Two application methods were tested: dusts and strips coated with the fungal conidia, and both methods resulted in successful control of mite populations. The fungal treatments were as effective as the Apistan, at the end of the 42-d period of the experiment. The data suggested that optimum mite control could be achieved when no brood is being produced, or when brood production is low, such as in the early spring or late fall. M. anisopliae was harmless to the honey bees (adult bees, or brood) and colony development was not affected. Mite mortality was highly correlated with mycosis in dead mites collected from sticky traps, indicating that the fungus was infecting and killing the mites. Because workers and drones drift between hives, the adult bees were able to spread the fungus between honey bee colonies in the apiary, a situation that could be beneficial to beekeepers. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Kanga, LHB AU - Jones, WA AU - James, R R Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 1091 EP - 1099 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 96 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Acari KW - Bumble bees KW - Honey bee KW - Honeybee mite KW - Hymenoptera KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18869035?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Field+Trials+Using+the+Fungal+Pathogen%2C+Metarhizium+anisopliae+%28Deuteromycetes%3A+Hyphomycetes%29+to+Control+the+Ectoparasitic+Mite%2C+Varroa+destructor+%28Acari%3A+Varroidae%29+in+Honey+Bee%2C+Apis+mellifera+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Apidae%29+Colonies&rft.au=Kanga%2C+LHB%3BJones%2C+WA%3BJames%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Kanga&rft.aufirst=LHB&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1091&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-0493%282003%29096%281091%3AFTUTFP%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0022-0493&volume=96&page=1091 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-0493(2003)096(1091:FTUTFP)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Cherries, Honeydew, and Bird Feces on Longevity and Fecundity of Rhagoletis Indifferens (Diptera: Tephritidae) AN - 18868669; 5712939 AB - In laboratory experiments, western cherry fruit flies, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran, were exposed to sweet cherries, aphid honeydew, and bird feces to determine fly longevity and fecundity. Longevity was not sustained in females and males exposed to intact unripe cherries or no food, whereas it was in females exposed to intact, fully-ripe cherries, and in females and males exposed to opened unripe or ripe cherries. Females exposed to intact fully-ripe cherries alone usually survived as long as females exposed to sucrose-yeast diets, but fecundity of flies exposed to cherries (79.5-110.8 eggs/female) was lower than that of flies exposed continuously to sucrose-yeast diets (277.5-326.2 eggs /female). Longevity of flies exposed to aphid honeydew was sustained and was similar to that of flies exposed to intact ripe cherries, sucrose-yeast, and sucrose diets. However, exposure to aphid honeydew or bird feces in the absence of ripe cherries did not result in high fecundity (4.6-32.2 eggs/female). Despite the inability of flies to extract nutrients from unripe cherries and the moderate fecundity of flies that were exposed to intact ripe cherries alone, R. indifferens was clearly capable of using its principal host fruit for both sustained longevity and egg production. Results suggest cherries damaged by birds throughout the season and intact fully-ripe cherries later in the season can contribute about the same nutrition as honeydew to female longevity, but that cherries contribute significantly more than either honeydew or bird feces to fecundity in nature. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Yee, W L AD - USDA-ARS, Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, 5230 Konnowac Pass Road, Wapato, WA 98951 Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 726 EP - 735 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 32 IS - 4 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Diptera KW - Fruit flies KW - Western cherry fruit fly KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Z 05184:Aging & longevity KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18868669?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Cherries%2C+Honeydew%2C+and+Bird+Feces+on+Longevity+and+Fecundity+of+Rhagoletis+Indifferens+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29&rft.au=Yee%2C+W+L&rft.aulast=Yee&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=726&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282003%29032%280726%3AEOCHAB%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0046-225X&volume=32&page=726 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2003)032(0726:EOCHAB)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Shiga toxin induces decreased expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1 concomitant with the onset of endothelial apoptosis AN - 18863566; 5713793 AB - Shiga toxin (Stx) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several human and animal disease states. A key host target of Stx is the endothelial cell. Stx induces endothelial cell apoptosis through a mechanism that remains unknown. In the present report, we demonstrate that Stx-1 and Stx-2 inhibit endothelial cell expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member, Mcl-1. Decreased expression of Mcl-1 preceded the onset of Stx-induced apoptosis. Further, Stx-1-induced decrements in Mcl-1 expression correlated in a dose-dependent manner with sensitization to Stx-1-induced apoptosis. Finally, inhibition of Mcl-1 degradation with the proteasome inhibitor, lactacystin, protected against Stx-1-induced apoptosis. These combined data suggest a role for Mcl-1 in protecting endothelial cells against Stx-1-induced apoptosis. JF - Microbial Pathogenesis AU - Erwert, R D AU - Eiting, K T AU - Tupper, J C AU - Winn, R K AU - Harlan, J M AU - Bannerman, D D AD - Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98104, USA, dbanner@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 87 EP - 93 VL - 35 IS - 2 SN - 0882-4010, 0882-4010 KW - Mcl-1 protein KW - lactacystin KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02823:In vitro and in vivo effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18863566?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+Pathogenesis&rft.atitle=Shiga+toxin+induces+decreased+expression+of+the+anti-apoptotic+protein+Mcl-1+concomitant+with+the+onset+of+endothelial+apoptosis&rft.au=Erwert%2C+R+D%3BEiting%2C+K+T%3BTupper%2C+J+C%3BWinn%2C+R+K%3BHarlan%2C+J+M%3BBannerman%2C+D+D&rft.aulast=Erwert&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=87&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbial+Pathogenesis&rft.issn=08824010&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0882-4010%2803%2900100-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0882-4010(03)00100-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Postharvest Biological Control of Potato Sprouting by Fusarium Dry Rot Suppressive Bacteria AN - 18832879; 5725368 AB - Chemical sprout inhibitors are applied to over 50% of the potato harvest to extend storage time. In the U.S.A., CIPC (1-methylethyl-3-chlorophenylcarbamate) is the only synthetic chemical registered for postharvest sprout control of stored potatoes, and it is the most widely used sprout inhibitor world-wide. Due to environmental and health safety concerns, the use of CIPC has become more restricted, and alternative sprout control methods are sought. Six bacteria strains, exhibiting superior dry rot suppressiveness in previous research, were grown in two different liquid culture media and sprayed on Russet Burbank potatoes. In growth chamber and pilot experiments repeated at two storage sites in two successive years, all six isolates demonstrated significant sprout control capabilities when applied after growth on at least one of the culture media supplied. Of the six strains tested, Pseudomonas fluorescens bv. V S11:P:12 and two strains of Enterobacter sp., S11:T:07 and S11:P:08, exhibited highest relative performance levels with sprout control being statistically similar to that of 16.6 ppm CIPC thermal fog after 4-5 months storage. JF - Biocontrol Science and Technology AU - Slininger, P J AU - Schisler, DA AU - Burkhead, K D AU - Bothast, R J AD - National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604, USA, slininpj@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 477 EP - 494 VL - 13 IS - 5 SN - 0958-3157, 0958-3157 KW - potatoes KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18832879?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Postharvest+Biological+Control+of+Potato+Sprouting+by+Fusarium+Dry+Rot+Suppressive+Bacteria&rft.au=Slininger%2C+P+J%3BSchisler%2C+DA%3BBurkhead%2C+K+D%3BBothast%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Slininger&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=477&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=09583157&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F0958315031000140992 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0958315031000140992 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inoculation Techniques Used to Quantify Aflatoxin Resistance in Corn AN - 18821432; 5707641 AB - The development of Aspergillus flavus inoculation techniques has played an important part in developing corn (Zea mays L.) germplasm resistant to aflatoxin contamination. Corn genotypes evaluated for aflatoxin resistance in field studies must be artificially inoculated due to the sporadic nature of aflatoxin contamination from year to year. A number of different inoculation techniques are used by researchers in the South and Midwest. Field inoculation techniques either wound developing kernels or leave the kernels intact. Non-wounding techniques apply A. flavus conidia to exposed silks or silks inside the husks without damaging kernels. Wounding techniques deliver A. flavus conidia onto kernels that have been mechanically damaged. Inoculation techniques utilizing ear feeding insects to vector conidia have also been used in field studies. Environmental conditions such as ambient temperature and drought stress appear to have a significant impact on artificial inoculations. Laboratory evaluation techniques have been developed to confirm aflatoxin resistance identified in corn genotypes in the field. Color mutants and transformants of Aspergillus spp. have been used in field and laboratory studies to identify resistant genotypes. More efficient, less labor intensive, and less costly inoculation techniques need to be developed to aid in the production of aflatoxin resistant corn hybrids. JF - Journal of Toxicology: Toxin Reviews AU - Windham, G L AU - Williams, W P AU - Buckley, P M AU - Abbas, H K AD - Agricultural Research Service, Corn Host Plant Resistance Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA, glwindham@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 313 EP - 325 PB - Marcel Dekker Journals VL - 22 IS - 2-3 SN - 0731-3837, 0731-3837 KW - inoculation techniques KW - maize KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18821432?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Toxin+Reviews&rft.atitle=Inoculation+Techniques+Used+to+Quantify+Aflatoxin+Resistance+in+Corn&rft.au=Windham%2C+G+L%3BWilliams%2C+W+P%3BBuckley%2C+P+M%3BAbbas%2C+H+K&rft.aulast=Windham&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Toxin+Reviews&rft.issn=07313837&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FTXR-120024096 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Aflatoxin and Food Safety. Part I. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/TXR-120024096 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Costs of Mycotoxin Management to the USA: Management of Aflatoxins in the United States AN - 18821340; 5707432 AB - Mycotoxin losses and costs of mycotoxin management are overlapping areas of concern. Costs of mycotoxin management include research production practices, testing and research necessary to try to prevent the toxins from appearing in food and feed products of affected commodities. Mycotoxin losses result from (American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians (AAVLD), 1993) lowered animal production and any human toxicity attributable to the presence of the toxin, (CAST (Council for Agricultural Science and Technology), 1989) the presence of the toxin in the affected commodity which lowers its market value, as well as (Hawk, 1998) secondary effects on agriculture production and agricultural communities. JF - Journal of Toxicology: Toxin Reviews AU - Robens, J AU - Cardwell, K AD - Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, National Program Leader, 5601 Sunnyside Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705-5138, USA, jfr@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 139 EP - 152 PB - Marcel Dekker Journals VL - 22 IS - 2-3 SN - 0731-3837, 0731-3837 KW - economic aspects KW - management KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18821340?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Toxin+Reviews&rft.atitle=The+Costs+of+Mycotoxin+Management+to+the+USA%3A+Management+of+Aflatoxins+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Robens%2C+J%3BCardwell%2C+K&rft.aulast=Robens&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Toxin+Reviews&rft.issn=07313837&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FTXR-120024089 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Aflatoxin and Food Safety. Part I. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/TXR-120024089 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of Differential Display RT-PCR and EST/Microarray Technologies to the Analysis of Gene Expression in Response to Drought Stress and Elimination of Aflatoxin Contamination in Corn and Peanut AN - 18821116; 5707640 AB - Aflatoxin contamination in the field is known to be influenced by numerous factors. Drought and high temperatures are conducive to Aspergillus flavus infection and aflatoxin contamination. This article will review the application of new molecular tools to study host resistance to biotic and abiotic factors affecting preharvest aflatoxin contamination in corn and peanut. We will also summarize recent studies conducted in our laboratories to evaluate the relationship of drought tolerance and aflatoxin contamination, and discuss the progress in using genetic engineering approaches to control preharvest aflatoxin contamination. The application of molecular tools, such as proteomics, DD-RT-PCR (differential display reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction), expressed sequence tag (EST) and gene chip technology (macro/microarray) to study gene expression in response to drought stress, and genetic transformation, will be reviewed. We have used DD-RT-PCR to display genes expressed in peanut and corn grown under drought stress vs irrigation condition. A new program has been initiated to use EST/microarray technology to study the whole genome as influenced by drought stress in corn and peanut. We are also studying A. flavus ESTs to better understand the genetic control and regulation of toxin biosynthesis. Because of the complexity of the Aspergillus-plant (corn and peanut) interactions, better understanding of the genetic mechanisms of resistance will be needed using both conventional and molecular breeding for crop improvement and control of preharvest aflatoxin contamination. Genetic improvement of crop resistance to drought stress is one component and will provide a good perspective on the efficacy of control strategy through genetic improvement. JF - Journal of Toxicology: Toxin Reviews AU - Guo, B Z AU - Yu, J AU - Holbrook, C C AU - Lee, R D AU - Lynch, R E AD - Crop Protection and Management Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Tifton, GA 31793, USA, bguo@tifton.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 287 EP - 312 PB - Marcel Dekker Journals VL - 22 IS - 2-3 SN - 0731-3837, 0731-3837 KW - DNA microarrays KW - maize KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18821116?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Toxin+Reviews&rft.atitle=Application+of+Differential+Display+RT-PCR+and+EST%2FMicroarray+Technologies+to+the+Analysis+of+Gene+Expression+in+Response+to+Drought+Stress+and+Elimination+of+Aflatoxin+Contamination+in+Corn+and+Peanut&rft.au=Guo%2C+B+Z%3BYu%2C+J%3BHolbrook%2C+C+C%3BLee%2C+R+D%3BLynch%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Guo&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Toxin+Reviews&rft.issn=07313837&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FTXR-120024095 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Aflatoxin and Food Safety. Part I. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/TXR-120024095 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Daily And Seasonal Movements And Habitat Use By Female Rocky Mountain Elk And Mule Deer AN - 18818391; 5694555 AB - We examined movements and habitat use by female Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus ) and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus ) using a large telemetry data set collected over 6 years at the Starkey Experimental Forest and Range in northeastern Oregon. The analysis contrasted hourly movements of elk and deer within the mosaic of vegetation and landforms at Starkey with daily and seasonal demands for forage, security, and other resources. Telemetry data from 15 April to 14 November, 1991-1996, were stratified into 30-day intervals and tested for daily cycles relative to habitat use and movements. Both elk and deer exhibited strong daily and seasonal patterns of movements and habitat use. Daily cycles were most pronounced during spring and autumn, were composed of crepuscular and intraday habitat transitions, and were more pronounced for elk than for deer. Although crepuscular transitions were accompanied by sharp increases in velocity, intraday changes in habitat were not. The results add considerable detail to previous studies that sampled only limited hours of the day and seasons of the year. The findings have significance for modeling efforts that attempt to replicate animal behavior on diverse landscapes. JF - Journal of Mammalogy AU - Ager, A A AU - Johnson, B K AU - Kern, J W AU - Kie, J G AD - United States Forest Service, Umatilla National Forest, 2517 Southwest Hailey Avenue, Pendleton, OR 97801, USA (AAA) Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 1076 EP - 1088 PB - American Society of Mammalogists VL - 84 IS - 3 SN - 0022-2372, 0022-2372 KW - Mule deer KW - Red Deer KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04672:Mammals KW - Y 25507:Mammals (excluding primates) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18818391?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.atitle=Daily+And+Seasonal+Movements+And+Habitat+Use+By+Female+Rocky+Mountain+Elk+And+Mule+Deer&rft.au=Ager%2C+A+A%3BJohnson%2C+B+K%3BKern%2C+J+W%3BKie%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Ager&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1076&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.issn=00222372&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-2372%282003%29084%281076%3ADASMAH%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0022-2372&volume=84&page=1076 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-2372(2003)084(1076:DASMAH)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development and Evaluation of a Blocking Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Avian Metapneumovirus Type C-Specific Antibodies in Multiple Domestic Avian Species AN - 18812386; 5685549 AB - The first cases of infection caused by avian metapneumoviruses (aMPVs) were described in turkeys with respiratory disease in South Africa during 1978. The causative agent was isolated and identified as a pneumovirus in 1986. aMPVs have been detected in domestic nonpoultry species in Europe, but tests for the detection of these viruses are not available in the United States. To begin to understand the potential role of domestic ducks and geese and wild waterfowl in the epidemiology of aMPV, we have developed and evaluated a blocking enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (bELISA) for the detection of aMPV type C (aMPV-C)- specific antibodies. This assay method overcomes the species-specific platform of indirect ELISAs to allow detection of aMPV-C-specific antibodies from potentially any avian species. The bELISA was initially tested with experimental turkey serum samples, and the results were found to correlate with those of virus neutralization assays and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). One thousand serum samples from turkey flocks in Minnesota were evaluated by our bELISA, and the level of agreement of the results of the bELISA and those of the iELISA was 94.9%. In addition, we were able to show that the bELISA could detect aMPV-C-specific antibodies from experimentally infected ducks, indicating its usefulness for the screening of serum samples from multiple avian species. This is the first diagnostic assay for the detection of aMPV-C-specific antibodies from multiple avian species in the United States. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Turpin, E A AU - Lauer, D C AU - Swayne, DE AD - Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, ARS, USDA, Athens, GA 30605, dswayne@seprl.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 3579 EP - 3583 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 41 IS - 8 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - birds KW - turkeys KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - V 22141:Diagnosis KW - A 01114:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18812386?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Development+and+Evaluation+of+a+Blocking+Enzyme-Linked+Immunosorbent+Assay+for+Detection+of+Avian+Metapneumovirus+Type+C-Specific+Antibodies+in+Multiple+Domestic+Avian+Species&rft.au=Turpin%2C+E+A%3BLauer%2C+D+C%3BSwayne%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Turpin&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=3579&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.41.8.3579-3583.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.8.3579-3583.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Facilitation in multiple life-history stages: evidence for nucleated succession in coastal dunes AN - 18809807; 5664475 AB - Understanding plant interactions during succession is a central goal of plant ecology. The nucleation model of succession proposes that facilitative interactions lead to outward radiations of colonization from established plants. I tested the nucleation hypothesis for early successional plants on the primary dunes of barrier islands in the southeastern United States. On the coast of Florida and Georgia, I sampled the above-ground vegetation and the seed bank, and conducted a seedling emergence experiment in the field. Vegetation sampling at both field sites showed more positive correlations in percent cover of adult species than expected by chance. At both sites, there were significantly more seeds under plants than in open microsites. Seeds of the same species as the adult plants in the vegetated microsites were removed from the analysis, so the accumulation of seeds under adults is not due simply to a seed shadow effect. Seeds of six species were added to plots under plants and in open microsites, and seedling emergence was significantly higher under plants than in the open. The findings support the predictions of the nucleation hypothesis for the early life-history stages of seed dispersal and germination, and help to explain the clumped distribution of dune plants seen in the field. The results add further support for the contention that facilitation is an important mode of plant interaction in stressful and disturbed habitats. JF - Plant Ecology AU - Franks, S J AD - Department of Botany, University of Georgia, 2502 Miller Plant Sciences Building, Athens, 30602, USA; Current address: Invasive Plant Research Lab, USDA/ARS, 3205 College Ave., Ft. Lauderdale, 33314, USA, sfranks@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 168 IS - 1 SN - 1385-0237, 1385-0237 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04210:Coastal ecosystems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18809807?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Ecology&rft.atitle=Facilitation+in+multiple+life-history+stages%3A+evidence+for+nucleated+succession+in+coastal+dunes&rft.au=Franks%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Franks&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=168&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Ecology&rft.issn=13850237&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil microbial community characteristics along an elevation gradient in the Laguna Mountains of Southern California AN - 18809409; 5668197 AB - We sampled soil at four sites in the Laguna Mountains in the western Sonoran Desert to test the effects of site and sample location (between or beneath plants) on fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and carbon substrate ulilization (Biolog) profiles. The four sites differed in elevation, soil type, plant community composition, and plant percent cover. Soil pH decreased and plant density increased with elevation. Fertile islands, defined as areas beneath plants with greater soil resources than bare areas, are present at all sites, but are most pronounced at lower elevations. Consistent with this pattern, fertile islands had the greatest influence on FAME and Biolog profiles at lower elevations. Based on the use of FAME biomarker and principal components analyses, we found that soil microbial communities between plants at the lowest elevation had proportionally more Gram-negative bacteria than all other soils. At the higher elevation sites there were few differences in FAME profiles of soils sampled between vs. beneath plants. Differences in FAME profiles under plants among the four sites were small, suggesting that the plant influence per se is more important than plant type in controlling FAME profiles. Since microbial biomass carbon was correlated with FAME number (r=0.85, P<0.0001) and with FAME named (r=0.88, P<0.0001) and total areas (r=0.84, P<0.0001), we standardized the FAME data to ensure that differences in FAME profiles among samples were not the result of differences in microbial biomass. Differences in microbial substrate utilization profiles among sampling locations were greatest between samples taken under vs. between plants at the two lower elevation sites. Microbial substrate utilization profiles, therefore, also seem to be influenced more by the presence of plants than by specific plant type. JF - Soil Biology and Biochemistry AU - Collins, H P AU - Cavigelli, MA AD - Vegetable and Forage Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 24106 North Bunn Road, Prosser, WA 99350, USA, hcollins@pars.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 1027 EP - 1037 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 35 IS - 8 SN - 0038-0717, 0038-0717 KW - altitude KW - fatty acid methyl esters KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts KW - A 01047:General KW - D 04600:Soil UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18809409?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Soil+microbial+community+characteristics+along+an+elevation+gradient+in+the+Laguna+Mountains+of+Southern+California&rft.au=Collins%2C+H+P%3BCavigelli%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1027&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00380717&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0038-0717%2803%2900145-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(03)00145-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optimizing nutrient availability and potential carbon sequestration in an agroecosystem AN - 18809372; 5668195 AB - The uniformity, low cost and ease of application associated with inorganic fertilizers have diminished the use of organic nutrient sources. Concern for food safety, the environment and the need to dispose of animal and municipal wastes have focused attention on organic sources of N such as animal-derived amendments, green manures, and crop rotations. Managing organic N sources to provide sufficient N for crop growth requires knowledge of C and N decomposition over several years, particularly where manure and compost are applied. We report a comparison of compost and chemical fertilizer, use of a corn-corn-soybean- wheat rotation compared to continuous corn and the use of cover crops. Nitrogen (150 d) and C incubations (317 d) were conducted to determine the effect of cropping system and nutrient management on: N mineralization potential (NMP), the mineralizable organic N pool (N sub(o)), the mean residence time (MRT) of No, C mineralization (C sub(min)), and soil organic carbon (SOC) pool sizes and fluxes. Compost applications over 6 y increased the resistant pool of C by 30% and the slow pool of C by 10%. The compost treatment contained 14% greater soil organic C than the fertilizer management. Nitrogen was limiting on all compost treatments with the exception of first year corn following wheat fallow and clover cover crop. The clover cover crop and wheat-fallow increased inorganic N in both nutrient managements. We recommend that growers adjust their N fertilizer recommendation to reflect the quantity and timing of N mineralized from organic N sources and the N immobilization that can be associated with compost or other residue applications. Proper management of nutrients from compost, cover crops and rotations can maintain soil fertility and increase C sequestration. JF - Soil Biology and Biochemistry AU - Fortuna, A AU - Harwood, R AU - Kizilkaya, K AU - Paul, E A AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, New England Plant, Soil and Water Laboratory, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469-5753, USA, eann-marie.fortuna@maine.edu Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 1005 EP - 1013 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 35 IS - 8 SN - 0038-0717, 0038-0717 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18809372?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Optimizing+nutrient+availability+and+potential+carbon+sequestration+in+an+agroecosystem&rft.au=Fortuna%2C+A%3BHarwood%2C+R%3BKizilkaya%2C+K%3BPaul%2C+E+A&rft.aulast=Fortuna&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1005&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00380717&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0038-0717%2803%2900084-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(03)00084-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The development and evaluation of consensus chloroplast primer pairs that possess highly variable sequence regions in a diverse array of plant taxa AN - 18808930; 5696764 AB - Although universal or consensus chloroplast primers are available, they are limited by their number and genomic distribution. Therefore, a set of consensus chloroplast primer pairs for simple sequence repeats (ccSSRs) analysis was constructed from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) chloroplast sequences. These were then tested for their general utility in the genetic analysis of a diverse array of plant taxa. In order to increase the number of ccSSRs beyond that previously reported, the target sequences for SSR motifs was set at A or T (n 7) mononucleotide repeats. Each SSR sequence motif, along with plus or minus 200-bp flanking sequences from the first of each mononucleotide base repeat, was screened for homologies with chloroplast DNA sequences of other plant species in GenBank databases using BLAST search procedures. Twenty three putative marker loci that possessed conserved flanking sequence spans were selected for consensus primer pair construction using commercially available computer algorithms. All primer pairs produced amplicons after PCR employing genomic DNA from members of the Cucurbitaceae (six species) and Solanaceae (four species). Sixteen, 22 and 19 of the initial 23 primer pairs were successively amplified by PCR using template DNA from species of the Apiaceae (two species), Brassicaceae (one species) and Fabaceae (two species), respectively. Twenty of 23 primer pairs were also functional in three monocot species of the Liliaceae [onion (Allium cepa L.) and garlic (Allium sativum L.)], and the Poaceae [oat (Avena sativa L.)]. Sequence analysis of selected ccSSR fragments suggests that ccSSR length and sequence variation could be useful as a tool for investigating the genetic relationships within a genus or closely related taxa (i.e., tribal level). In order to provide for a marker system having significant coverage of the cucumber chloroplast genome, ccSSR primers were strategically "recombined" and named recombined consensus chloroplast primers (RCCP) for PCR analysis. Successful amplification after extended-length PCR of 16 RCCP primer pairs from cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) DNA suggested that the amplicons detected are representative of the cucumber chloroplast genome. These RCCP pairs, therefore, could be useful as an initial molecular tool for investigation of traits related to a chloroplast gene(s) in cucumber, and other closely related species. JF - Theoretical and Applied Genetics AU - Chung, S M AU - Staub, JE AD - USDA/ARS, Vegetable Crops Unit, Department of Horticulture, 1575 Linden Drive, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 757 EP - 767 PB - Springer-Verlag, [URL:http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00122/bibs/3107 004/31070757.htm] VL - 107 IS - 4 SN - 0040-5752, 0040-5752 KW - Garlic KW - Mustards KW - Nightshades KW - Onion KW - cucumber KW - simple sequence repeats KW - tobacco KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - G 07354:Dicotyledons (crops) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 310:Agricultural Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18808930?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Theoretical+and+Applied+Genetics&rft.atitle=The+development+and+evaluation+of+consensus+chloroplast+primer+pairs+that+possess+highly+variable+sequence+regions+in+a+diverse+array+of+plant+taxa&rft.au=Chung%2C+S+M%3BStaub%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Chung&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=757&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Theoretical+and+Applied+Genetics&rft.issn=00405752&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00122-003-1311-3 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00122-003-1311-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Early antibiotic selection and efficient rooting and acclimatization improve the production of transgenic plum plants (Prunus domestica L.) AN - 18805907; 5696876 AB - We describe here an improved system for routinely developing transgenic plum plants (Prunus domestica L.) through the use of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The production of non-transformed "escapes" has been virtually eliminated, and rates of plant establishment in the greenhouse have been dramatically improved. The system is based on the regeneration of shoots from hypocotyls extracted from mature seed. The shoot regeneration medium is Murashige and Skoog (MS) salts and vitamins supplemented with 7.5 mu M thidiazuron and 0.25 mu M indole-butyric acid. Transferring the explants after co-cultivation to shoot regeneration medium containing 80 mg l super(-1) of kanamycin and 300 mg l super(-1) of Timentin reduced the total number of regenerated shoots without affecting the transformation rate. Transformation rates using the described system averaged 1.2% of the hypocotyl slices producing transgenic plants, with a range of 0-4.2%. The transgenic shoots rooted at a rate of 90% on half-strength MS salts and vitamins supplemented with 5 mu M alpha -naphthaleneacetic acid and 0.01 mu M kinetin. Plantlets were transferred to a greenhouse directly from culture tubes with a 90% average survival. JF - Plant Cell Reports AU - Gonzalez-Padilla, I AU - Webb, K AU - Scorza, R AD - USDA-ARS Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 45 Wiltshire Rd, WV 25430, Kearneysville, USA Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 38 EP - 45 PB - Springer-Verlag, [URL:http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00299/bibs/3022 001/30220038.htm] VL - 22 IS - 1 SN - 0721-7714, 0721-7714 KW - alpha -naphthaleneacetic acid KW - naphthaleneacetic acid KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - G 07354:Dicotyledons (crops) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 310:Agricultural Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18805907?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.atitle=Early+antibiotic+selection+and+efficient+rooting+and+acclimatization+improve+the+production+of+transgenic+plum+plants+%28Prunus+domestica+L.%29&rft.au=Gonzalez-Padilla%2C+I%3BWebb%2C+K%3BScorza%2C+R&rft.aulast=Gonzalez-Padilla&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=38&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.issn=07217714&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00299-003-0648-z LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00299-003-0648-z ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Burial disturbance leads to facilitation among coastal dune plants AN - 18804650; 5664478 AB - There is growing evidence that interactions among plants can be facilitative as well as competitive, but knowledge of how disturbances influence these interactions and how they vary with species diversity is lacking. We manipulated plant density, species diversity (richness), and a burial disturbance in a controlled, complete factorial experiment to test theories about the relationships among species interactions, disturbance, and richness. The hypotheses tested were 1) burial disturbance reduces plant performance at all levels of density and richness, 2) burial disturbance can cause net plant interactions to become more facilitative, and 3) facilitation increases with species richness. Burial decreased plant survival by 60% and biomass by 50%, supporting the hypothesis that burial reduces plant performance. In the control (unburied) treatment, there was no difference in proportion survival or per plant biomass between low and high density plots, meaning that neither competition nor facilitation was detected. In the buried treatment, however, high density plots had significantly greater survival and greater per plant biomass than the low density plots, indicating net facilitative interactions. Thus facilitation occurred in the buried treatment and not in the unburied control plots, supporting the hypothesis that facilitation increases with increasing disturbance severity. The hypothesis that facilitation increases with increasing species richness was not supported. Richness did not affect survival or biomass, and there was no richness by burial treatment interaction, indicating that richness did not influence the response of the community to burial. The influence of the disturbance on plant interactions was thus consistent across levels of richness, increasing the generality of the relationship between disturbance and facilitation. JF - Plant Ecology AU - Franks, S J AU - Peterson, C J AD - Department of Botany, University of Georgia, 2502 Miller Plant Sciences Building, Athens, 30602, USA; Current address: Invasive Plant Research Lab, USDA/ARS, 3205 College Avenue, Ft. Lauderdale, 33314, USA, franks@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 13 EP - 21 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 168 IS - 1 SN - 1385-0237, 1385-0237 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04625:Plants - general KW - D 04210:Coastal ecosystems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18804650?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Ecology&rft.atitle=Burial+disturbance+leads+to+facilitation+among+coastal+dune+plants&rft.au=Franks%2C+S+J%3BPeterson%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Franks&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=168&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Ecology&rft.issn=13850237&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - High-resolution images reveal rate and pattern of shrub encroachment over six decades in New Mexico, U.S.A. AN - 18801408; 5682659 AB - Encroachment of the shrub Prosopis glandulosa Torr. (honey mesquite) into semi-arid grasslands is a serious concern in the south-western United States, yet little is known about the long-term dynamics of the invasion process. We used ten high-resolution aerial and satellite images taken from 1936 to 1996 to track the population dynamics and spatial pattern of all P. glandulosa greater than 2 m in diameter on a 75 ha area in southern New Mexico. Shrub cover and patch numbers increased from 1936 to the 1970s, then stabilized at 43% cover and 83 patches ha super(-1). Individual patches were extremely persistent: 95% of the area occupied by shrub patches in 1936 was still occupied in 1996. Recruitment into the 2 m size class was more variable: 0.6-5.2% year super(-1) (mean 0.8% year super(-1)). Patch-shape complexity increased from 1936 to 1983 as adjacent shrubs merged, and then declined as those clusters filled in and became rounder. Spatial pattern of shrubs showed a distinct trend over time: strongly clustered in 1936 at lag distances up to 250 m, then random arrangement at all scales, and by 1983 pattern was regular at lag distances greater than 100 m. There was no clear relationship with precipitation. The use of remote sensing imagery allowed us to examine one site over time, and revealed patterns in population dynamics and spatial pattern that would not have been visible otherwise. Comparison of field estimates collected in 2001 with 1996 image data suggest that the canopy cover estimates were accurate, but shrub densities were seriously underestimated in the satellite photographs, which do not show shrubs smaller than 2 m diameter. As long as limitations of the imagery are understood, these methods can be applied over a larger and more heterogeneous area to examine environmental correlates of invasion success. JF - Journal of Arid Environments AU - Goslee, S C AU - Havstad, K M AU - Peters, DPC AU - Rango, A AU - Schlesinger, W H AD - A1a USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, Las Cruces, NM, U.S.A. Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 755 EP - 767 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd VL - 54 IS - 4 SN - 0140-1963, 0140-1963 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04115:Temperate grasslands KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18801408?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Arid+Environments&rft.atitle=High-resolution+images+reveal+rate+and+pattern+of+shrub+encroachment+over+six+decades+in+New+Mexico%2C+U.S.A.&rft.au=Goslee%2C+S+C%3BHavstad%2C+K+M%3BPeters%2C+DPC%3BRango%2C+A%3BSchlesinger%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Goslee&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=755&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Arid+Environments&rft.issn=01401963&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fjare.2002.1103 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jare.2002.1103 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preslaughter Holding Environment in Pork Plants Is Highly Contaminated with Salmonella enterica AN - 18800407; 5681695 AB - The objective of this study was to determine whether abattoir pens can provide a Salmonella enterica infection source during the 2 to 4 h of preharvest holding. Previous work has suggested that pigs may be getting infected, but little has been reported on the environmental contamination of abattoir holding pens. For 24 groups of pigs studied ( similar to 150 animals/group) at two high-capacity abattoirs, six pooled fecal samples (n, 10 per pool) were collected from each transport trailer immediately after pigs were unloaded. Holding pens were sampled (one drinking water sample and six pooled floor samples consisting of swabs, residual liquid, and feces) prior to entry of study pigs for the routine holding period ( similar to 2.5 h). After slaughter, cecal contents and ileocecal lymph nodes were collected, on the processing line, from 30 pigs in each studied group. All samples were cultured for the isolation and identification of S. enterica by primary enrichment in GN-Hajna and tetrathionate broths, secondary enrichment in Rappaport-Vassiliadis broth, and plating on brilliant green sulfa and xylose-lysine-tergitol-4 agars, followed by biochemical and serological identification. The study pens were highly contaminated with S. enterica; all holding pens sampled had at least one positive sample. Additionally, 33% (8 of 24) of drinking water samples were positive for S. enterica. All 24 groups of pigs had S. enterica-positive cecal contents and ileocecal lymph nodes, including those groups from transport trailers with no positive samples. From pigs, trailers, and pens, 586 isolates representing 36 different Salmonella serovars were isolated. Of the 353 isolates from pigs (109 from ileocecal lymph nodes plus 244 from cecal contents), 19% were identified as belonging to the same serovars as those isolated from the respective pens; 27% were identified as belonging to the same serovars as those isolated from the trailers. Sixteen percent of the unique serovars were isolated from both pigs and pens, suggesting that pens served as the infection source. This study demonstrates highly contaminated abattoir holding pens and watering sources. It also demonstrates that holding pens can serve as an infection source. This study identifies the abattoir holding pens as a significant hazard and a potential control point for Salmonella contamination in the preharvest pork production chain. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Rostagno, M H AU - Hurd, H S AU - McKean, J D AU - Ziemer, C J AU - Gailey, J K AU - Leite, R C AD - USDA, ARS, National Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, shurd@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 4489 EP - 4494 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 69 IS - 8 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - pens KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18800407?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Preslaughter+Holding+Environment+in+Pork+Plants+Is+Highly+Contaminated+with+Salmonella+enterica&rft.au=Rostagno%2C+M+H%3BHurd%2C+H+S%3BMcKean%2C+J+D%3BZiemer%2C+C+J%3BGailey%2C+J+K%3BLeite%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Rostagno&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=4489&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.69.8.4489-4494.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.8.4489-4494.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biocontrol of Listeria monocytogenes on Fresh-Cut Produce by Treatment with Lytic Bacteriophages and a Bacteriocin AN - 18800268; 5681673 AB - The fresh-cut produce industry has been the fastest-growing portion of the food retail market during the past 10 years, providing consumers with convenient and nutritious food. However, fresh-cut fruits and vegetables raise food safety concerns, because exposed tissue may be colonized more easily by pathogenic bacteria than intact produce. This is due to the higher availability of nutrients on cut surfaces and the greater potential for contamination because of the increased amount of handling. We found that applied Listeria monocytogenes populations survived and increased only slightly on fresh-cut Red Delicious apples stored at 10 degree C but increased significantly on fresh-cut honeydew melons stored at 10 degree C over 7 days. In addition, we examined the effect of lytic, L. monocytogenes-specific phages via two phage application methods, spraying and pipetting, on L. monocytogenes populations in artificially contaminated fresh-cut melons and apples. The phage mixture reduced L. monocytogenes populations by 2.0 to 4.6 log units over the control on honeydew melons. On apples, the reduction was below 0.4 log units. In combination with nisin (a bacteriocin), the phage mixture reduced L. monocytogenes populations by up to 5.7 log units on honeydew melon slices and by up to 2.3 log units on apple slices compared to the control. Nisin alone reduced L. monocytogenes populations by up to 3.2 log units on honeydew melon slices and by up to 2.0 log units on apple slices compared to the control. The phage titer was stable on melon slices, but declined rapidly on apple slices. The spray application of the phage and phage plus nisin reduced the bacterial numbers at least as much as the pipette application. The effectiveness of the phage treatment also depended on the initial concentration of L. monocytogenes. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Leverentz, B AU - Conway, W S AU - Camp, MJ AU - Janisiewicz, W J AU - Abuladze, T AU - Yang, M AU - Saftner, R AU - Sulakvelidze, A AD - Produce Quality and Safety Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Bldg. 002, Beltsville, MD 20705, leverenb@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 4519 EP - 4526 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 69 IS - 8 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18800268?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Biocontrol+of+Listeria+monocytogenes+on+Fresh-Cut+Produce+by+Treatment+with+Lytic+Bacteriophages+and+a+Bacteriocin&rft.au=Leverentz%2C+B%3BConway%2C+W+S%3BCamp%2C+MJ%3BJanisiewicz%2C+W+J%3BAbuladze%2C+T%3BYang%2C+M%3BSaftner%2C+R%3BSulakvelidze%2C+A&rft.aulast=Leverentz&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=4519&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.69.8.4519-4526.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.8.4519-4526.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from Downer and Healthy Dairy Cattle in the Upper Midwest Region of the United States AN - 18800023; 5681633 AB - While cattle in general have been identified as a reservoir of Escherichia coli O157:H7, there are limited data regarding the prevalence and clonality of this pathogen in downer dairy cattle and the potential impact to human health that may occur following consumption of meat derived from downer dairy cattle. In the present study, conducted at two slaughter facilities in Wisconsin between May and October of 2001, we established a higher prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 in fecal and/or tissue samples obtained aseptically from intact colons of downer dairy cattle (10 of 203, 4.9%) than in those from healthy dairy cattle (3 of 201, 1.5%). Analyses of 57 isolates, representing these 13 positive samples (one to five isolates per sample), by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, revealed 13 distinct XbaI restriction endonuclease digestion profiles (REDP). Typically, isolates from different animals displayed distinct REDP and isolates from the same fecal or colon sample displayed indistinguishable REDP. However, in one sample, two different, but highly related, REDP were displayed by the isolates recovered. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing indicated that 10 of the 57 isolates, recovered from 2 (1 downer and 1 healthy animal) of the 13 positive samples, were resistant to at least 1 of 18 antimicrobials tested. However, there was no appreciable difference in the frequency of resistance of isolates recovered from downer and healthy dairy cattle, and not all isolates with the same REDP displayed the same antimicrobial susceptibility profile. Lastly, it was not possible to distinguish between isolates recovered from downer and healthy cattle based on their XbaI REDP or antimicrobial susceptibility. These results indicate that downer cattle had a 3.3-fold-higher prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 than healthy cattle within the time frame and geographic scope of this study. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Byrne, C M AU - Erol, I AU - Call, JE AU - Kaspar, C W AU - Buege AU - Hiemke, C J AU - Fedorka-Cray, P J AU - Benson, A K AU - Wallace, F M AU - Luchansky, J B AD - Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid La., Wyndmoor, PA 19038, jluchansky@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 4683 EP - 4688 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 69 IS - 8 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - disease reservoirs KW - feces KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18800023?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+from+Downer+and+Healthy+Dairy+Cattle+in+the+Upper+Midwest+Region+of+the+United+States&rft.au=Byrne%2C+C+M%3BErol%2C+I%3BCall%2C+JE%3BKaspar%2C+C+W%3BBuege%3BHiemke%2C+C+J%3BFedorka-Cray%2C+P+J%3BBenson%2C+A+K%3BWallace%2C+F+M%3BLuchansky%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Byrne&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=4683&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.69.8.4683-4688.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.8.4683-4688.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pectin-based systems for colon-specific drug delivery via oral route AN - 18760086; 5632547 AB - Pectin-derived matrices are now being examined and tested for controlled drug delivery. Pectin is intact in the upper gastrointestinal tract and degraded by colonic microflora. The composition of this microflora remains relatively consistent across a diverse human population. Thus, pectin-derived drug carriers provide promising potential for colon-specific drug delivery. This paper reviews recent developments in pectin-derived formulations. Subjects reviewed include gelation of pectin, calcium cross-linked pectinate, composites of pectin and other polymers, technologies to fabricate pectin into useful drug delivery vehicles, and methods to evaluate release kinetics of incorporated drugs. This article discusses advantages, limitations, and possible future developments in pectin-based formulations with particular emphasis on the field of colon- specific drug delivery. JF - Biomaterials AU - Liu, L AU - Fishman, M L AU - Kost, J AU - Hicks, K B AD - US Department of Agriculture, ARS, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid, Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, lsliu@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 3333 EP - 3343 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd. VL - 24 IS - 19 SN - 0142-9612, 0142-9612 KW - calcium KW - pectin KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - W4 130:General Biomedical Engineering: Tools & Techniques KW - W3 33388:Drug delivery vehicles (liposomes, cochleates, microspheres) KW - W3 33000:General topics and reviews KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18760086?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biomaterials&rft.atitle=Pectin-based+systems+for+colon-specific+drug+delivery+via+oral+route&rft.au=Liu%2C+L%3BFishman%2C+M+L%3BKost%2C+J%3BHicks%2C+K+B&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=19&rft.spage=3333&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biomaterials&rft.issn=01429612&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0142-9612%2803%2900213-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9612(03)00213-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bactericidal activity of tripotassium phosphate and potassium oleate on the native flora of poultry skin AN - 18746645; 5624114 AB - The ability of solutions of tripotassium phosphate (K3PO4) and potassium oleate to reduce the population of the native bacterial flora of poultry skin was examined. Skin from commercial broiler carcasses was washed in solutions of K3PO4, potassium oleate, or K3PO4 and oleic acid then rinsed in peptone-water. Aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Campylobacter, and enterococci in the rinsates and the washed skin were enumerated on the appropriate bacteriological media. Washing skin in solutions of K3PO4 significantly reduced the number of Enterobacteriaceae and Campylobacter recovered from rinsates of poultry skin, but did not effect the number of aerobic bacteria and enterococci recovered. Washing poultry skin in mixtures containing both K3PO4 and potassium oleate significantly reduced the number of aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Campylobacter, and enterococci recovered in samples of skin rinsates and in blended suspensions of skin. In vitro inhibition studies showed that K3PO4 is primarily bactericidal towards Gram-negative bacteria, while potassium oleate is bactericidal toward Gram-positive bacteria. Findings indicate that mixtures of phosphates and fatty acids are effective bactericides that can reduce the number of bacteria found on poultry skin. JF - Food Microbiology AU - Hinton, A Jr AU - Ingram, K D AD - Poultry Processing and Meat Quality Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 950 College Station Road, Russell Research Center, Athens, GA 30604, USA, ahinton@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 405 EP - 410 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 20 IS - 4 SN - 0740-0020, 0740-0020 KW - potassium oleate KW - tripotassium phosphate KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01066:Antibacterial & bactericidal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18746645?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Bactericidal+activity+of+tripotassium+phosphate+and+potassium+oleate+on+the+native+flora+of+poultry+skin&rft.au=Hinton%2C+A+Jr%3BIngram%2C+K+D&rft.aulast=Hinton&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=405&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=07400020&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0740-0020%2802%2900151-X LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0740-0020(02)00151-X ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Control of bitter rot and blue mold of apples by integrating heat and antagonist treatments on 1-MCP treated fruit stored under controlled atmosphere conditions AN - 17929417; 5868736 AB - To maximize control of fruit decay by alternatives to synthetic fungicides after harvest, various control strategies can be integrated. Treatment of fruit with antagonists is one of the most promising alternatives. This treatment, however, has little or no eradicative activity, which limits its use. Fruit treatment with hot air (at 38 degree C) for 4 d has eradicative but no residual activity against blue mold (caused by Penicillium expansum) on apple, and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) is an ethylene receptor inhibitor which slows apple maturation and, presumably, extends action of natural defense mechanisms. An antagonist, Metchnikowia pulcherrima T5-A2, was used in combination with heat and 1-MCP treatments to control bitter rot (caused by Colletotrichum acutatum) and blue mold (caused by P. expansum) on 'Golden Delicious' apples under controlled atmosphere (CA) conditions. 1-MCP treatment increased bitter rot and blue mold decays, but both of these decays were effectively controlled on 1-MCP treated apples by a combination of the antagonist and heat treatments. C. acutatum is a weaker pathogen than P. expansum, and bitter rot, even on the control treatments, developed only after 4 months in CA storage followed by 2 weeks incubation at 24 degree C. In contrast, non-treated fruit inoculated with P. expansum were completely decayed after 2 months in CA. The antagonist controlled bitter rot more effectively than blue mold, while blue mold was more effectively controlled by heat treatment. The use of 1-MCP on harvested fruit to inhibit maturation can predispose fruit to decay, but the alternatives to synthetic fungicides are capable of preventing this increase in decay. JF - Postharvest Biology and Technology AU - Janisiewicz, W J AU - Leverentz, B AU - Conway, W S AU - Saftner, R A AU - Reed, AN AU - Camp, MJ AD - Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 45 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA, wjanisie@afrs.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 129 EP - 143 VL - 29 IS - 2 SN - 0925-5214, 0925-5214 KW - apple KW - 1-methylcyclopropene KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Post-harvest decay KW - Bitter rot KW - Fungicides KW - Blue mold KW - Malus domestica KW - Atmospheric conditions KW - Penicillium expansum KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17929417?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Postharvest+Biology+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Control+of+bitter+rot+and+blue+mold+of+apples+by+integrating+heat+and+antagonist+treatments+on+1-MCP+treated+fruit+stored+under+controlled+atmosphere+conditions&rft.au=Janisiewicz%2C+W+J%3BLeverentz%2C+B%3BConway%2C+W+S%3BSaftner%2C+R+A%3BReed%2C+AN%3BCamp%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Janisiewicz&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Postharvest+Biology+and+Technology&rft.issn=09255214&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0925-5214%2803%2900040-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Penicillium expansum; Malus domestica; Bitter rot; Blue mold; Post-harvest decay; Atmospheric conditions; Fungicides DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0925-5214(03)00040-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oak mast seeding as a direct cause of gypsy moth outbreaks? A response to Selaes AN - 17685008; 5847238 JF - Population Ecology AU - Liebhold, A AU - Elkinton, J AD - Northeastern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 180 Canfield St., Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, aliebhold@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 160 EP - 161 VL - 45 IS - 2 SN - 1438-3896, 1438-3896 KW - Gypsy Moth KW - Oaks KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05300:General KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17685008?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Population+Ecology&rft.atitle=Oak+mast+seeding+as+a+direct+cause+of+gypsy+moth+outbreaks%3F+A+response+to+Selaes&rft.au=Liebhold%2C+A%3BElkinton%2C+J&rft.aulast=Liebhold&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=160&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Population+Ecology&rft.issn=14383896&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10144-003-0148-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10144-003-0148-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Host plant pubescence: Effect on silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia Argentifolii, fourth instar and pharate adult dimensions and ecdysteroid titer fluctuations AN - 17310822; 5976842 AB - The ability to generate physiologically synchronous groups of insects is vital to the performance of investigations designed to test insect responses to intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli. During a given instar, the silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii, increase in depth but not in length or width. A staging system to identify physiologically synchronous 4th instar and pharate adult silverleaf whiteflies based on increasing body depth and the development of the adult eye has been described previously. This study determined the effect of host plant identity on ecdysteroid fluctuations during the 4th instar and pharate adult stages, and on the depth, length and width dimensions of 4th instar/pharate adult whiteflies. When grown on the pubescent-leafed green bean, tomato and poinsettia plants, these stages were significantly shorter and narrower, but attained greater depth than when grown on the glabrous-leafed cotton, collard and sweet potato plants. Thus, leaf pubescence is associated with reduced length and width dimensions, but increased depth dimensions in 4th instars and pharate adults. For all host plants, nymphal ecdysteroid titers peaked just prior to the initiation of adult development. However, when reared on pubescent-leafed plants, the initiation of adult development typically occurred in nymphs that had attained a depth of 0.2 to 0.25 mm (Stage 3 - 4). When reared on glabrous-leafed plants, the initiation of adult development typically occurred earlier, in nymphs that had attained a depth of only 0.15-0.18 mm (Stage 2 Old - early 3). Therefore, based on ecdysteroid concentration, it appears that Stage-2, -3 and -4/5 nymphs reared on pubescent-leafed plants are physiologically equivalent to Stage-1, -2 Young and -2 Old/3, respectively, nymphs reared on glabrous-leafed plants. The host plant affected the width but not the height of the nymphal-adult premolt ecdysteroid peak. However, leaf pubescence was not the determining factor. Thus, host plant identity affects physiological events as well as structural characteristics during whitefly nymphal and adult development.Abbreviation:EIA enzyme immunoassay JF - Journal of Insect Science (Tucson) AU - Gelman, D B AU - Gerling, D AD - Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, USDA, ARS, PSI, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, gelmand@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - University of Arizona Library VL - 3 IS - 25 SN - 1536-2442, 1536-2442 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05300:General KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17310822?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Insect+Science+%28Tucson%29&rft.atitle=Host+plant+pubescence%3A+Effect+on+silverleaf+whitefly%2C+Bemisia+Argentifolii%2C+fourth+instar+and+pharate+adult+dimensions+and+ecdysteroid+titer+fluctuations&rft.au=Gelman%2C+D+B%3BGerling%2C+D&rft.aulast=Gelman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=25&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Insect+Science+%28Tucson%29&rft.issn=15362442&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F1536-2442%282003%290032.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=1536-2442&volume=3&page=1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/1536-2442(2003)003<0001:HPPEOS>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bermudagrass Management in the Southern Piedmont USA: VI. Soil-Profile Inorganic Nitrogen AN - 16167674; 5797536 AB - Fate of applied N in forage-based agricultural systems is important to long-term production and environmental impacts. We evaluated the factorial combination of N fertilization targeted to supply 20 g N m super(-2) yr super(-1) and harvest strategies on soil-profile inorganic N during the first 5 yr of `Coastal' bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] management. Harvest strategy had much larger effects than fertilization strategy, most notably that soil-profile inorganic N was lower when hayed than under other systems. In the upper rooting zone (0- to 0.3-m depth), soil inorganic N (initially at 3.1 g m super(-2)) remained unchanged during the 5 yr under unharvested and low and high grazing pressures (0.00 plus or minus 0.08 g m super(-2) yr super(-1)), but declined with haying (-0.25 g m super(-2) yr super(-1)). In the lower rooting zone (0.3- to 0.9-m depth), soil inorganic N (initially at 2.9 g m super(-2)) accumulated with unharvested and low and high grazing pressure (0.64 plus or minus 0.20 g m super(-2) yr super(-1)), but remained unchanged with haying (-0.06 g m super(-2) yr super(-1)). Below the rooting zone (0.9- to 1.5-m depth), soil inorganic N (initially at 5.8 g m super(-2)) increased with unharvested and high grazing pressure (0.34 plus or minus 0.03 g m super(-2) yr super(-1)), was unchanged with low grazing pressure (-0.10 g m super(-2) yr super(-1)), and declined with haying (-0.50 g m super(-2) yr super(-1)). Applied N appears to have been efficiently utilized by forage with subsequent sequestration into soil organic matter and little movement of inorganic N below the rooting zone (<2% of applied N), irrespective of inorganic or organic fertilization strategy designed to supply sufficient N for high animal production from grazing. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Franzluebbers, A J AU - Stuedemann, JA AD - USDA-ARS, J. Phil Campbell Sr. Natural Resource Conservation Center, 1420 Experiment Station Road, Watkinsville, GA 30677-2373, USA, afranz@arches.uga.edu Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 1316 EP - 1322 VL - 32 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Environmental Effects KW - Grazing KW - Soil Organic Matter KW - Forages KW - Fertilization KW - Bermudagrass KW - Zones KW - Nitrogen KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 0880:Chemical processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16167674?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Bermudagrass+Management+in+the+Southern+Piedmont+USA%3A+VI.+Soil-Profile+Inorganic+Nitrogen&rft.au=Franzluebbers%2C+A+J%3BStuedemann%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Franzluebbers&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1316&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental Effects; Fertilization; Grazing; Bermudagrass; Soil Organic Matter; Zones; Nitrogen; Forages ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Representative Hillslope Methods for Applying the WEPP Model with DEMs and GIS AN - 1521400949; 5915775 AB - In watershed modeling with WEPP, the process of manually identifying hillslopes and channels is very time consuming and can be subject to large variation between users. Furthermore, the representation of hillslope profiles is subjective and can differ between different modelers. To overcome this, modeling procedures called the Hillslope methods were developed that use geographical information systems (GIS) and digital elevation models (DEMs) to assess water erosion in small watersheds with the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model. The Hillslope methods are automated procedures to develop hillslope and channel topographic characteristics from DEMs for use in the WEPP model. The objective of this study was therefore to determine which method of creating representative slope profile and representative hillslope profile lengths performs best. Three methods of creating a representative slope profile from DEMs were developed and tested: linear average, exponentially transformed average, and weighted average. Additionally, two methods to determine the representative hillslope profile length, called the Calcleng and Chanleng methods, were evaluated. The Calcleng method calculates a representative length of hillslope based on the weighted lengths of all flowpaths in a hillslope as identified through a DEM. The Chanleng method sets hillslope width equal to adjacent channel length and then computes a hillslope length from hillslope area divided by width. Actual DEMs from six research watersheds were used to test these methods. The results from the application of these methods were compared to each other and to measured sediment data. Results showed that the three methods for determining the representative slopes of the profiles were not significantly different from each other. There were also no significant differences between the Calcleng and the Chanleng methods for sediment yields and runoff from the six watersheds. Theoretically, however, for more complex watersheds, the weighted average method for determination of representative slope profile gradient values and the Chanleng method to determine representative profile slope lengths are the preferred methods. These results help automate the application of WEPP to watersheds using GIS and DEMs. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Cochrane, T A AU - Flanagan, D C AD - USDA-ARS National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory, 275 S. Russell St., W. Lafayette, IN 47907, USA, flanaganurdue.edu Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - August 2003 SP - 1041 EP - 1049 VL - 46 IS - 4 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Small watersheds KW - Watersheds KW - Methodology KW - Channels KW - Automated cartography KW - Testing procedures KW - Erosion KW - Profiles KW - Sediment yield KW - Model studies KW - Slopes KW - GIS KW - Runoff KW - Geographical information systems KW - Q2 09264:Sediments and sedimentation KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1521400949?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Representative+Hillslope+Methods+for+Applying+the+WEPP+Model+with+DEMs+and+GIS&rft.au=Cochrane%2C+T+A%3BFlanagan%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Cochrane&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1041&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Channels; Automated cartography; Erosion; Profiles; Watersheds; GIS; Runoff; Methodology; Testing procedures; Sediment yield; Small watersheds; Model studies; Slopes; Geographical information systems ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemistry, biochemistry, and safety of acrylamide. A review. AN - 71509077; 14705871 AB - Acrylamide (CH2=CH-CONH2), an industrially produced alpha,beta-unsaturated (conjugated) reactive molecule, is used worldwide to synthesize polyacrylamide. Polyacrylamide has found numerous applications as a soil conditioner, in wastewater treatment, in the cosmetic, paper, and textile industries, and in the laboratory as a solid support for the separation of proteins by electrophoresis. Because of the potential of exposure to acrylamide, effects of acrylamide in cells, tissues, animals, and humans have been extensively studied. Reports that acrylamide is present in foods formed during their processing under conditions that also induce the formation of Maillard browning products heightened interest in the chemistry, biochemistry, and safety of this vinyl compound. Because exposure of humans to acrylamide can come from both external sources and the diet, a need exists to develop a better understanding of its formation and distribution in food and its role in human health. To contribute to this effort, this integrated review presents data on the chemistry, analysis, metabolism, pharmacology, and toxicology of acrylamide. Specifically covered are the following aspects: nonfood and food sources; exposure from the environment and the diet; mechanism of formation in food from asparagine and glucose; asparagine-asparaginase relationships; Maillard browning-acrylamide relationships; quenching of protein fluorescence; biological alkylation of amino acids, peptides, proteins, and DNA by acrylamide and its epoxide metabolite glycidamide; risk assessment; neurotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, and carcinogenicity; protection against adverse effects; and possible approaches to reducing levels in food. Further research needs in each of these areas are suggested. Neurotoxicity appears to be the only documented effect of acrylamide in human epidemiological studies; reproductive toxicity, genotoxicity/clastogenicity, and carcinogenicity are potential human health risks on the basis of only animal studies. A better understanding of the chemistry and biology of pure acrylamide in general and its impact in a food matrix in particular can lead to the development of improved food processes to decrease the acrylamide content of the diet. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Friedman, Mendel AD - Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California 94710, USA. mfried@pw.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/07/30/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 30 SP - 4504 EP - 4526 VL - 51 IS - 16 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Acrylic Resins KW - 0 KW - Acrylamide KW - 20R035KLCI KW - Asparagine KW - 7006-34-0 KW - polyacrylamide KW - 9003-05-8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Maillard Reaction KW - Reproduction -- drug effects KW - Food Analysis KW - Humans KW - Nervous System -- drug effects KW - Food Handling KW - Acrylic Resins -- chemical synthesis KW - Alkylation KW - Risk Factors KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Asparagine -- chemistry KW - Acrylamide -- toxicity KW - Acrylamide -- analysis KW - Acrylamide -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71509077?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Chemistry%2C+biochemistry%2C+and+safety+of+acrylamide.+A+review.&rft.au=Friedman%2C+Mendel&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=Mendel&rft.date=2003-07-30&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=4504&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-31 N1 - Date created - 2004-01-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of bacteriophage VSH-1 svp38 gene in Brachyspira spirochetes AN - 18863121; 5713638 AB - VSH-1 is a mitomycin C-inducible, non-lytic, phage-like agent that packages random 7.5-kb fragments of the Brachyspira hyodysenteriae genome. VSH-1 is the first recognized mechanism for gene transfer between B. hyodysenteriae cells. To analyze the distribution of VSH-1 among spirochetes, a 344-bp probe for gene svp38, encoding the VSH-1 major head protein, was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and used in Southern blot hybridizations with genomic DNA from various spirochete genera. The svp38 probe hybridized to a 40-kb SalI-SmaI fragment of the B. hyodysenteriae B78 super(T) chromosome, indicating VSH-1 DNA insertion into the chromosome at a unique site. Restriction endonuclease digested DNAs of 27 spirochete strains representing six Brachyspira species (B. hyodysenteriae, B. innocens, B. pilosicoli, B. murdochii, B. intermedia, B. alvinipulli) contained a single fragment hybridizing with the svp38 probe. DNAs from spirochete species of the genera Treponema, Spirochaeta, Borrelia, and Leptospira did not hybridize with the probe. VSH-1-like agents appear to be widely distributed among Brachyspira species and, as has been demonstrated for B. hyodysenteriae, may serve as useful gene transfer agents for those other species. JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters AU - Stanton, T B AU - Thompson, M G AU - Humphrey, S B AU - Zuerner, R L AD - Pre-Harvest Food Safety and Enteric Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010, USA, tstanton@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/07/29/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 29 SP - 225 EP - 229 PB - Federation of European Microbiological Societies VL - 224 IS - 2 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - major head protein KW - svp38 gene KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - V 22070:Phage-host interactions including lysogeny & transduction KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18863121?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.atitle=Detection+of+bacteriophage+VSH-1+svp38+gene+in+Brachyspira+spirochetes&rft.au=Stanton%2C+T+B%3BThompson%2C+M+G%3BHumphrey%2C+S+B%3BZuerner%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Stanton&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-07-29&rft.volume=224&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=225&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1097%2803%2900438-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1097(03)00438-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simultaneous detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella strains by real-time PCR. AN - 73356075; 12781944 AB - A protocol enabling simultaneous detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella strains was devised and evaluated using artificially contaminated fresh produce. Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC)-approved polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection methods for three human pathogens were modified to enable simultaneous and real-time detection with high throughput capability. The method includes a melting-curve analysis of PCR products, which serves as confirmatory test. The modified protocol successfully detected all three pathogens when fresh produce was washed with artificially contaminated water containing E. coli O157:H7 and S. typhimurium down to the predicted level of 1 to 10 cells/ml and L. monocytogenes at 1000 cells/ml. The ability to monitor several pathogens simultaneously will save time and increase our ability to assure food safety. JF - International journal of food microbiology AU - Bhagwat, Arvind A AD - Produce Quality and Safety Laboratory, Building 002, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA. bhagwata@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/07/25/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 25 SP - 217 EP - 224 VL - 84 IS - 2 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Food Microbiology KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- isolation & purification KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Vegetables -- microbiology KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- isolation & purification KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- isolation & purification KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73356075?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+food+microbiology&rft.atitle=Simultaneous+detection+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7%2C+Listeria+monocytogenes+and+Salmonella+strains+by+real-time+PCR.&rft.au=Bhagwat%2C+Arvind+A&rft.aulast=Bhagwat&rft.aufirst=Arvind&rft.date=2003-07-25&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+food+microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-22 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation and characterization of a Lactobacillus plantarum bacteriophage, phiJL-1, from a cucumber fermentation. AN - 73324526; 12781945 AB - A virulent Lactobacillus plantarum bacteriophage, PhiJL-1, was isolated from a commercial cucumber fermentation. The phage was specific for two related strains of L. plantarum, BI7 and its mutant (deficient in malolactate fermenting ability) MU45, which have been evaluated as starter cultures for controlled cucumber fermentation and as biocontrol microorganisms for minimally processed vegetable products. The phage genome of PhiJL-1 was sequenced to reveal a linear, double-stranded DNA (36.7 kbp). Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacryamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) profiles indicated that PhiJL-1 contains six structural proteins (28, 34, 45, 50, 61, and 76 kDa). Electron microscopy revealed that the phage has an isometric head (59 nm in diameter), a long non-contractile tail (182 nm in length and 11 nm in width), and a complex base plate. The phage belongs to the Bradley group B1 or Siphoviridae family. One-step growth kinetics of the phage showed that the latent period was 35 min, the rise period was 40 min, and the average burst size was 22 phage particles/infected cell. Phage particles (90%) adsorbed to the host cells 20 min after infection. Calcium supplementation (up to 30 mM CaCl(2)) in MRS media did not affect the first cycle of phage adsorption, but promoted rapid phage propagation and cell lysis in the infection cycle subsequent to adsorption. The D values of PhiJL-1 at pH 6.5 were estimated to be 2.7 min at 70 degrees C and 0.2 min at 80 degrees C by a thermal inactivation experiment. Knowledge of the properties of L. plantarum bacteriophage PhiJL-1 may be important for the development of controlled vegetable fermentations. JF - International journal of food microbiology AU - Lu, Z AU - Breidt, F AU - Fleming, H P AU - Altermann, E AU - Klaenhammer, T R AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), NC State University, Raleigh 27695-7624, USA. Y1 - 2003/07/25/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 25 SP - 225 EP - 235 VL - 84 IS - 2 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - Culture Media KW - 0 KW - DNA, Viral KW - Index Medicus KW - Fermentation KW - Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel KW - DNA, Viral -- analysis KW - Kinetics KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Adsorption KW - Genome, Viral KW - Culture Media -- chemistry KW - Cucumis sativus -- microbiology KW - Food Microbiology KW - Bacteriophages -- genetics KW - Bacteriophages -- physiology KW - Bacteriophages -- isolation & purification KW - Lactobacillus -- virology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73324526?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+food+microbiology&rft.atitle=Isolation+and+characterization+of+a+Lactobacillus+plantarum+bacteriophage%2C+phiJL-1%2C+from+a+cucumber+fermentation.&rft.au=Lu%2C+Z%3BBreidt%2C+F%3BFleming%2C+H+P%3BAltermann%2C+E%3BKlaenhammer%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Lu&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=2003-07-25&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=225&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+food+microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-22 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Managing forage, livestock, and timber as an integrated resource AN - 39776047; 3777700 AU - Clason, T Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39776047?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Managing+forage%2C+livestock%2C+and+timber+as+an+integrated+resource&rft.au=Clason%2C+T&rft.aulast=Clason&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: LSU Ag Center, 101 Efferson Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; phone: 225-578-4161; fax: 225-578-4143; URL: www.agctr.lsu.edu/forage/ N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Ice damage in a chronosequence of agroforestry pine plantations in Arkansas, USA AN - 39761771; 3774231 AU - Burner, D M AU - Ares, A Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39761771?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Ice+damage+in+a+chronosequence+of+agroforestry+pine+plantations+in+Arkansas%2C+USA&rft.au=Burner%2C+D+M%3BAres%2C+A&rft.aulast=Burner&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Box, 96813825 E. Mulberry St., 100 Stone Blvd., MS 39762Ft. Collins, CO 80524-8597, USAUSA; phone: 662-325-2145; URL: www.srs.fs.usda.gov/bssrc/ N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Expansion of irrigation in the Mid South United States: Water allocation and research issues AN - 39757784; 3777660 AU - Evett, S AU - Carman, D Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39757784?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Expansion+of+irrigation+in+the+Mid+South+United+States%3A+Water+allocation+and+research+issues&rft.au=Evett%2C+S%3BCarman%2C+D&rft.aulast=Evett&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: United States Committee on Irrigation and Drainage, 1616 Seventeenth Street, #483, Denver, Colorado 80202, USA; phone: 303-628-5430; email: stephens@uscid.org; URL: www.uscid.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Operational evaluations of new radial gate design AN - 39757493; 3777634 AU - Replogle, JA AU - Adler, R AU - Gooch, R S Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39757493?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Operational+evaluations+of+new+radial+gate+design&rft.au=Replogle%2C+JA%3BAdler%2C+R%3BGooch%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Replogle&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: United States Committee on Irrigation and Drainage, 1616 Seventeenth Street, #483, Denver, Colorado 80202, USA; phone: 303-628-5430; email: stephens@uscid.org; URL: www.uscid.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Irrigation development in Eastern Arkansas: Water supplies, uses, and efficiencies AN - 39757454; 3777623 AU - Carman, D K AU - Clemmens, A J AU - Fortner, T AU - Robinson, P AU - Dalmut, Z Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39757454?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Irrigation+development+in+Eastern+Arkansas%3A+Water+supplies%2C+uses%2C+and+efficiencies&rft.au=Carman%2C+D+K%3BClemmens%2C+A+J%3BFortner%2C+T%3BRobinson%2C+P%3BDalmut%2C+Z&rft.aulast=Carman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: United States Committee on Irrigation and Drainage, 1616 Seventeenth Street, #483, Denver, Colorado 80202, USA; phone: 303-628-5430; email: stephens@uscid.org; URL: www.uscid.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Overview of whole system pest management AN - 39708146; 3773090 AU - Lewis, J Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39708146?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Overview+of+whole+system+pest+management&rft.au=Lewis%2C+J&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 112 Engineering Hall, 1308 West Green St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA; URL: nautilus.outreach.uiuc.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Thinking outside the regional box AN - 39708112; 3773084 AU - Fitzner, M Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39708112?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Thinking+outside+the+regional+box&rft.au=Fitzner%2C+M&rft.aulast=Fitzner&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 112 Engineering Hall, 1308 West Green St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA; URL: nautilus.outreach.uiuc.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Case study: TEAM leafy spurge AN - 39708080; 3773064 AU - Anderson, G Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39708080?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Case+study%3A+TEAM+leafy+spurge&rft.au=Anderson%2C+G&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 112 Engineering Hall, 1308 West Green St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA; URL: nautilus.outreach.uiuc.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - National IPM roadmap AN - 39708055; 3773057 AU - Ortman, E Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39708055?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=National+IPM+roadmap&rft.au=Ortman%2C+E&rft.aulast=Ortman&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 112 Engineering Hall, 1308 West Green St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA; URL: nautilus.outreach.uiuc.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - IPM partnerships AN - 39707941; 3773047 AU - Smith, B Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39707941?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=IPM+partnerships&rft.au=Smith%2C+B&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 112 Engineering Hall, 1308 West Green St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA; URL: nautilus.outreach.uiuc.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Incorporating complexity in large-scale timber harvest modeling AN - 39706772; 3777884 AU - Bragg, D C Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39706772?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Incorporating+complexity+in+large-scale+timber+harvest+modeling&rft.au=Bragg%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Bragg&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Wildland Disturbance Consultant, 343 Muskrat St., P.O. Box 2421, Banff, Alberta T1L 1C2, Canada; phone: (403) 762-8892; email: mprogeau@telusplanet.net; URL: www.zoo.utoronto.ca/ N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Mapping live and dead forest fuels at the ecoregion scale in coastal Oregon with Landsat imagery and forest inventory plots AN - 39706739; 3777883 AU - Ohmann, J L AU - Pierce, KB Jr AU - Gregory, MJ AU - Danskin, S AU - Wimberly, M C AU - Fried, J S Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39706739?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Mapping+live+and+dead+forest+fuels+at+the+ecoregion+scale+in+coastal+Oregon+with+Landsat+imagery+and+forest+inventory+plots&rft.au=Ohmann%2C+J+L%3BPierce%2C+KB+Jr%3BGregory%2C+MJ%3BDanskin%2C+S%3BWimberly%2C+M+C%3BFried%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Ohmann&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Wildland Disturbance Consultant, 343 Muskrat St., P.O. 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Collins, CO 80524-8597, USAUSA; phone: 662-325-2145; URL: www.srs.fs.usda.gov/bssrc/ N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Relationship between Palmer's drought severity index and the moisture index of woody debris in the southern coastal plain AN - 39698071; 3774124 AU - Haywood, J D AU - Stagg, R H AU - Tiarks, A E Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39698071?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Relationship+between+Palmer%27s+drought+severity+index+and+the+moisture+index+of+woody+debris+in+the+southern+coastal+plain&rft.au=Haywood%2C+J+D%3BStagg%2C+R+H%3BTiarks%2C+A+E&rft.aulast=Haywood&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Box, 96813825 E. 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Collins, CO 80524-8597, USAUSA; phone: 662-325-2145; URL: www.srs.fs.usda.gov/bssrc/ N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Stock type affects performance of shortleaf pine planted in the Ouachita mountains through 10 years AN - 39697223; 3774198 AU - Barnett, J P AU - Brissette, J C Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39697223?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Stock+type+affects+performance+of+shortleaf+pine+planted+in+the+Ouachita+mountains+through+10+years&rft.au=Barnett%2C+J+P%3BBrissette%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Barnett&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Box, 96813825 E. 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Collins, CO 80524-8597, USAUSA; phone: 662-325-2145; URL: www.srs.fs.usda.gov/bssrc/ N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - First year response of an upland hardwood forest to five levels of overstory retention AN - 39696977; 3774166 AU - Schweitzer, C J Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39696977?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=First+year+response+of+an+upland+hardwood+forest+to+five+levels+of+overstory+retention&rft.au=Schweitzer%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Schweitzer&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Box, 96813825 E. Mulberry St., 100 Stone Blvd., MS 39762Ft. Collins, CO 80524-8597, USAUSA; phone: 662-325-2145; URL: www.srs.fs.usda.gov/bssrc/ N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Development of mature natural even-aged stands of loblolly pine in the piedmont AN - 39696715; 3774255 AU - Leduc, D J AU - Goelz, JCG Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39696715?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Development+of+mature+natural+even-aged+stands+of+loblolly+pine+in+the+piedmont&rft.au=Leduc%2C+D+J%3BGoelz%2C+JCG&rft.aulast=Leduc&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Box, 96813825 E. Mulberry St., 100 Stone Blvd., MS 39762Ft. Collins, CO 80524-8597, USAUSA; phone: 662-325-2145; URL: www.srs.fs.usda.gov/bssrc/ N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Second-year growth and bole quality responses to thinning in a red oak-sweetgum stand along the Saline river in Southeastern Arkansas AN - 39696356; 3774161 AU - Meadows, J S AU - Goelz, JCG Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39696356?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Second-year+growth+and+bole+quality+responses+to+thinning+in+a+red+oak-sweetgum+stand+along+the+Saline+river+in+Southeastern+Arkansas&rft.au=Meadows%2C+J+S%3BGoelz%2C+JCG&rft.aulast=Meadows&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Box, 96813825 E. Mulberry St., 100 Stone Blvd., MS 39762Ft. Collins, CO 80524-8597, USAUSA; phone: 662-325-2145; URL: www.srs.fs.usda.gov/bssrc/ N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of fuel reduction techniques on vegetative composition of piedmont loblolly-shortleaf pine communities: Preliminary results of the national fire and fire surrogate study AN - 39696254; 3774125 AU - Phillips, R J AU - Waldrop, T A AU - Chapman, G L AU - Mohr, H H AU - Callaham, MA AU - Flint, CT Jr Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39696254?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effects+of+fuel+reduction+techniques+on+vegetative+composition+of+piedmont+loblolly-shortleaf+pine+communities%3A+Preliminary+results+of+the+national+fire+and+fire+surrogate+study&rft.au=Phillips%2C+R+J%3BWaldrop%2C+T+A%3BChapman%2C+G+L%3BMohr%2C+H+H%3BCallaham%2C+MA%3BFlint%2C+CT+Jr&rft.aulast=Phillips&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Box, 96813825 E. Mulberry St., 100 Stone Blvd., MS 39762Ft. Collins, CO 80524-8597, USAUSA; phone: 662-325-2145; URL: www.srs.fs.usda.gov/bssrc/ N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Rule-based fuzzy classification for landscape modelling of fuel succession AN - 39692106; 3777881 AU - McKenzie, D AU - Bayard, A AU - Kopper, K AU - Key, J AU - Sandberg, D Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39692106?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Rule-based+fuzzy+classification+for+landscape+modelling+of+fuel+succession&rft.au=McKenzie%2C+D%3BBayard%2C+A%3BKopper%2C+K%3BKey%2C+J%3BSandberg%2C+D&rft.aulast=McKenzie&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Wildland Disturbance Consultant, 343 Muskrat St., P.O. Box 2421, Banff, Alberta T1L 1C2, Canada; phone: (403) 762-8892; email: mprogeau@telusplanet.net; URL: www.zoo.utoronto.ca/ N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Expression of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase reduces cell-wall polysaccharide concentration and increases xylose content in alfalfa stems AN - 39690239; 3772558 AU - Samac, DA AU - Jung, H-JG AU - Litterer, L AU - Somers, DA AU - Temple, G G Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39690239?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Expression+of+UDP-glucose+dehydrogenase+reduces+cell-wall+polysaccharide+concentration+and+increases+xylose+content+in+alfalfa+stems&rft.au=Samac%2C+DA%3BJung%2C+H-JG%3BLitterer%2C+L%3BSomers%2C+DA%3BTemple%2C+G+G&rft.aulast=Samac&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Code Blvd., Golden, CO 8041-3393, USA; URL: www.nrel.gov/biotech_symposium/. Paper No. 6B-06 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Spatially explicit approach to pest management problems: An international view AN - 39689226; 3773083 AU - White, J W Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39689226?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Spatially+explicit+approach+to+pest+management+problems%3A+An+international+view&rft.au=White%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 112 Engineering Hall, 1308 West Green St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA; URL: nautilus.outreach.uiuc.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Ecologic drivers of population and housing density change in the American Midwest AN - 39689017; 3777978 AU - Gustafson, E J AU - Potts, R S AU - Bergen, K M AU - Radeloff, V C AU - Brown, D G Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39689017?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Ecologic+drivers+of+population+and+housing+density+change+in+the+American+Midwest&rft.au=Gustafson%2C+E+J%3BPotts%2C+R+S%3BBergen%2C+K+M%3BRadeloff%2C+V+C%3BBrown%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Gustafson&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Wildland Disturbance Consultant, 343 Muskrat St., P.O. Box 2421, Banff, Alberta T1L 1C2, Canada; phone: (403) 762-8892; email: mprogeau@telusplanet.net; URL: www.zoo.utoronto.ca/ N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Biological control of rangeland weeds AN - 39688991; 3773039 AU - Hansen, R Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39688991?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Biological+control+of+rangeland+weeds&rft.au=Hansen%2C+R&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 112 Engineering Hall, 1308 West Green St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA; URL: nautilus.outreach.uiuc.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Plant pest surveys and the U.S. safeguarding continuum AN - 39688937; 3773037 AU - Fieselmann, D Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39688937?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Plant+pest+surveys+and+the+U.S.+safeguarding+continuum&rft.au=Fieselmann%2C+D&rft.aulast=Fieselmann&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 112 Engineering Hall, 1308 West Green St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA; URL: nautilus.outreach.uiuc.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Mycoinsecticides AN - 39688887; 3773034 AU - Vandenberg, J D Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39688887?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Mycoinsecticides&rft.au=Vandenberg%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Vandenberg&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 112 Engineering Hall, 1308 West Green St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA; URL: nautilus.outreach.uiuc.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Mating behavior of the dogwood borer: Implications for rearing AN - 39686704; 3776464 AU - Leskey, T C AU - Bergh, C AU - Smith, AH Jr Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39686704?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Mating+behavior+of+the+dogwood+borer%3A+Implications+for+rearing&rft.au=Leskey%2C+T+C%3BBergh%2C+C%3BSmith%2C+AH+Jr&rft.aulast=Leskey&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Entomological Society of America, 9301 Annapolis Rd., Lanham, MD 20706, USA N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Principles of associative genetic analysis AN - 39686611; 3777553 AU - Buckler, E Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39686611?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Principles+of+associative+genetic+analysis&rft.au=Buckler%2C+E&rft.aulast=Buckler&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Maize Genetics and Genomics Database, URL: www.agron.missouri.edu/Coop/Conf/2003.html N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Biological control of soybean aphid AN - 39686479; 3776415 AU - Fuester, R AU - Hopper, K Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39686479?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Biological+control+of+soybean+aphid&rft.au=Fuester%2C+R%3BHopper%2C+K&rft.aulast=Fuester&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Entomological Society of America, 9301 Annapolis Rd., Lanham, MD 20706, USA N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of the gypsy moth nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV) on the activities of homologous and heterologous baculoviruses against the beet armyworm and fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) AN - 39686441; 3776393 AU - Shapiro, M Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39686441?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+the+gypsy+moth+nucleopolyhedrovirus+%28LdMNPV%29+on+the+activities+of+homologous+and+heterologous+baculoviruses+against+the+beet+armyworm+and+fall+armyworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29&rft.au=Shapiro%2C+M&rft.aulast=Shapiro&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Entomological Society of America, 9301 Annapolis Rd., Lanham, MD 20706, USA N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Feedforward control: Volume compensation versus model predictive control AN - 39685544; 3777689 AU - Wahlin, B AU - Bautista, E Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39685544?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Feedforward+control%3A+Volume+compensation+versus+model+predictive+control&rft.au=Wahlin%2C+B%3BBautista%2C+E&rft.aulast=Wahlin&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: United States Committee on Irrigation and Drainage, 1616 Seventeenth Street, #483, Denver, Colorado 80202, USA; phone: 303-628-5430; email: stephens@uscid.org; URL: www.uscid.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Status of Halyomorpha halys, the brown marmorated stink bug, a new invasive insect in Allentown, PA AN - 39685130; 3776418 AU - Bernon, G AU - Bernhard, K M AU - Stimmel, J F AU - Hoebeke, E R Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39685130?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Status+of+Halyomorpha+halys%2C+the+brown+marmorated+stink+bug%2C+a+new+invasive+insect+in+Allentown%2C+PA&rft.au=Bernon%2C+G%3BBernhard%2C+K+M%3BStimmel%2C+J+F%3BHoebeke%2C+E+R&rft.aulast=Bernon&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Entomological Society of America, 9301 Annapolis Rd., Lanham, MD 20706, USA N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Role of biotechnology for sustainable agriculture AN - 39682066; 3773067 AU - Hellmich, R L Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39682066?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Role+of+biotechnology+for+sustainable+agriculture&rft.au=Hellmich%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Hellmich&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 112 Engineering Hall, 1308 West Green St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA; URL: nautilus.outreach.uiuc.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Creating a science-based platform for federal regulatory IPM and eradication programs AN - 39681863; 3773036 AU - Kaplan, D T Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39681863?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Creating+a+science-based+platform+for+federal+regulatory+IPM+and+eradication+programs&rft.au=Kaplan%2C+D+T&rft.aulast=Kaplan&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 112 Engineering Hall, 1308 West Green St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA; URL: nautilus.outreach.uiuc.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Forecasting shortleaf pine seed crops in the Ouachita mountains AN - 39680568; 3774273 AU - Shelton, M G AU - Wittwer, R F Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39680568?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Forecasting+shortleaf+pine+seed+crops+in+the+Ouachita+mountains&rft.au=Shelton%2C+M+G%3BWittwer%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Shelton&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Box, 96813825 E. Mulberry St., 100 Stone Blvd., MS 39762Ft. Collins, CO 80524-8597, USAUSA; phone: 662-325-2145; URL: www.srs.fs.usda.gov/bssrc/ N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Germination conditions for poison ivy, Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kunst. AN - 39679020; 3774268 AU - Schiff, N M AU - Connor, K F AU - Devall Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39679020?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Germination+conditions+for+poison+ivy%2C+Toxicodendron+radicans+%28L.%29+Kunst.&rft.au=Schiff%2C+N+M%3BConnor%2C+K+F%3BDevall&rft.aulast=Schiff&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Box, 96813825 E. Mulberry St., 100 Stone Blvd., MS 39762Ft. Collins, CO 80524-8597, USAUSA; phone: 662-325-2145; URL: www.srs.fs.usda.gov/bssrc/ N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Use of aerial hyperspectral imaging for monitoring forest health AN - 39678942; 3774250 AU - Hess, N J AU - Dockstader, S C Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39678942?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Use+of+aerial+hyperspectral+imaging+for+monitoring+forest+health&rft.au=Hess%2C+N+J%3BDockstader%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Hess&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Box, 96813825 E. 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Collins, CO 80524-8597, USAUSA; phone: 662-325-2145; URL: www.srs.fs.usda.gov/bssrc/ N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Growth and development of first-year nursery-grown seedlings of eight oak species AN - 39678831; 3774219 AU - Sung, S-JS AU - Kormanik, P P AU - Zarnoch, S J Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39678831?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Growth+and+development+of+first-year+nursery-grown+seedlings+of+eight+oak+species&rft.au=Sung%2C+S-JS%3BKormanik%2C+P+P%3BZarnoch%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Sung&rft.aufirst=S-JS&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Box, 96813825 E. 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Collins, CO 80524-8597, USAUSA; phone: 662-325-2145; URL: www.srs.fs.usda.gov/bssrc/ N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Growth and bole quality development of residual trees five years after deferment cutting in red oak-sweetgum stands in Georgia AN - 39678461; 3774159 AU - Meadows, J S Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39678461?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Growth+and+bole+quality+development+of+residual+trees+five+years+after+deferment+cutting+in+red+oak-sweetgum+stands+in+Georgia&rft.au=Meadows%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Meadows&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Box, 96813825 E. 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Collins, CO 80524-8597, USAUSA; phone: 662-325-2145; URL: www.srs.fs.usda.gov/bssrc/ N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Fuel reduction treatment effects on nutrient and energy cycling in piedmont loblolly pine forests AN - 39678188; 3774121 AU - Callaham, MA Jr AU - Waldrop, T A AU - Lione, D J AU - Shelburne, V B Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39678188?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Fuel+reduction+treatment+effects+on+nutrient+and+energy+cycling+in+piedmont+loblolly+pine+forests&rft.au=Callaham%2C+MA+Jr%3BWaldrop%2C+T+A%3BLione%2C+D+J%3BShelburne%2C+V+B&rft.aulast=Callaham&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Box, 96813825 E. 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Collins, CO 80524-8597, USAUSA; phone: 662-325-2145; URL: www.srs.fs.usda.gov/bssrc/ N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Historical review of intentional introductions of organisms AN - 39674471; 3776456 AU - Wilson, T Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39674471?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Historical+review+of+intentional+introductions+of+organisms&rft.au=Wilson%2C+T&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Entomological Society of America, 9301 Annapolis Rd., Lanham, MD 20706, USA N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Parasitism of the tarnished plant bug (TPB) by an introduced wasp (Peristenus digoneutia) and TPB damage to strawberries on an organic farm AN - 39674182; 3776390 AU - Day, W H Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39674182?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Parasitism+of+the+tarnished+plant+bug+%28TPB%29+by+an+introduced+wasp+%28Peristenus+digoneutia%29+and+TPB+damage+to+strawberries+on+an+organic+farm&rft.au=Day%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Day&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Entomological Society of America, 9301 Annapolis Rd., Lanham, MD 20706, USA N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Growing season prescribed burns in Florida pine flatwoods AN - 39671854; 3774122 AU - Outcalt, K W Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39671854?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Growing+season+prescribed+burns+in+Florida+pine+flatwoods&rft.au=Outcalt%2C+K+W&rft.aulast=Outcalt&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Box, 96813825 E. Mulberry St., 100 Stone Blvd., MS 39762Ft. Collins, CO 80524-8597, USAUSA; phone: 662-325-2145; URL: www.srs.fs.usda.gov/bssrc/ N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Long-term records of southern pine dynamics in even-aged stands AN - 39665484; 3774267 AU - Scarborough, JH Jr AU - Floyd, JA AU - Leduc, D J AU - Goelz, JCG Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39665484?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Long-term+records+of+southern+pine+dynamics+in+even-aged+stands&rft.au=Scarborough%2C+JH+Jr%3BFloyd%2C+JA%3BLeduc%2C+D+J%3BGoelz%2C+JCG&rft.aulast=Scarborough&rft.aufirst=JH&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Box, 96813825 E. 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Collins, CO 80524-8597, USAUSA; phone: 662-325-2145; URL: www.srs.fs.usda.gov/bssrc/ N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evaluation of fire and mechanical treatments as methods of fuel reduction in Piedmont and Appalachian forests: Preliminary results of the national fire and fire surrogate study AN - 39665035; 3774127 AU - Waldrop, T A AU - Mohr, H H AU - Flint, CT Jr AU - Chapman, G L AU - Phillips, R J AU - Rideout, S AU - Callaham, MA Jr Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39665035?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+fire+and+mechanical+treatments+as+methods+of+fuel+reduction+in+Piedmont+and+Appalachian+forests%3A+Preliminary+results+of+the+national+fire+and+fire+surrogate+study&rft.au=Waldrop%2C+T+A%3BMohr%2C+H+H%3BFlint%2C+CT+Jr%3BChapman%2C+G+L%3BPhillips%2C+R+J%3BRideout%2C+S%3BCallaham%2C+MA+Jr&rft.aulast=Waldrop&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Box, 96813825 E. Mulberry St., 100 Stone Blvd., MS 39762Ft. Collins, CO 80524-8597, USAUSA; phone: 662-325-2145; URL: www.srs.fs.usda.gov/bssrc/ N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Analyzing key ecological functions as one facet of transboundary subbasin assessment AN - 39650275; 3777907 AU - Marcot, B G AU - O'Neil, T A AU - Nyberg, J B AU - MacKinnon, JA AU - Paquet, P AU - Johnson, D H Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39650275?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Analyzing+key+ecological+functions+as+one+facet+of+transboundary+subbasin+assessment&rft.au=Marcot%2C+B+G%3BO%27Neil%2C+T+A%3BNyberg%2C+J+B%3BMacKinnon%2C+JA%3BPaquet%2C+P%3BJohnson%2C+D+H&rft.aulast=Marcot&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Wildland Disturbance Consultant, 343 Muskrat St., P.O. Box 2421, Banff, Alberta T1L 1C2, Canada; phone: (403) 762-8892; email: mprogeau@telusplanet.net; URL: www.zoo.utoronto.ca/ N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Improvements in applied microbiology and biochemistry for bioprocessing AN - 39645785; 3772534 AU - Jeffries, T Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39645785?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Improvements+in+applied+microbiology+and+biochemistry+for+bioprocessing&rft.au=Jeffries%2C+T&rft.aulast=Jeffries&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Code Blvd., Golden, CO 8041-3393, USA; URL: www.nrel.gov/biotech_symposium/. Paper No. 4-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Federal funding perspective AN - 39637814; 3773058 AU - Fitzner, M Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39637814?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Federal+funding+perspective&rft.au=Fitzner%2C+M&rft.aulast=Fitzner&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 112 Engineering Hall, 1308 West Green St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA; URL: nautilus.outreach.uiuc.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Mycoinsecticides - Regulations and risks AN - 39637713; 3773035 AU - Jaronski, ST Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39637713?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Mycoinsecticides+-+Regulations+and+risks&rft.au=Jaronski%2C+ST&rft.aulast=Jaronski&rft.aufirst=ST&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 112 Engineering Hall, 1308 West Green St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA; URL: nautilus.outreach.uiuc.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Fungi for plant pathogen control AN - 39631661; 3773033 AU - Larkin, R P Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39631661?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Fungi+for+plant+pathogen+control&rft.au=Larkin%2C+R+P&rft.aulast=Larkin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 112 Engineering Hall, 1308 West Green St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA; URL: nautilus.outreach.uiuc.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Building capacity responding to introduced plant pests AN - 39631649; 3776460 AU - Grode, J Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39631649?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Building+capacity+responding+to+introduced+plant+pests&rft.au=Grode%2C+J&rft.aulast=Grode&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Entomological Society of America, 9301 Annapolis Rd., Lanham, MD 20706, USA N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Prospects for biological control of hemlock woolly adelgid AN - 39631393; 3776386 AU - Cheah, CAS-J Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39631393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Prospects+for+biological+control+of+hemlock+woolly+adelgid&rft.au=Cheah%2C+CAS-J&rft.aulast=Cheah&rft.aufirst=CAS-J&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Entomological Society of America, 9301 Annapolis Rd., Lanham, MD 20706, USA N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Border irrigation management implications of imprecise infiltration parameter estimates AN - 39630313; 3777696 AU - Bautista, E AU - Strelkoff, T S AU - Clemmens, A J Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39630313?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Border+irrigation+management+implications+of+imprecise+infiltration+parameter+estimates&rft.au=Bautista%2C+E%3BStrelkoff%2C+T+S%3BClemmens%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Bautista&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: United States Committee on Irrigation and Drainage, 1616 Seventeenth Street, #483, Denver, Colorado 80202, USA; phone: 303-628-5430; email: stephens@uscid.org; URL: www.uscid.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Application of canal automation in Central Arizona AN - 39630216; 3777683 AU - Clemmens, A J AU - Strand, R J AU - Feuer, L Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39630216?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Application+of+canal+automation+in+Central+Arizona&rft.au=Clemmens%2C+A+J%3BStrand%2C+R+J%3BFeuer%2C+L&rft.aulast=Clemmens&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: United States Committee on Irrigation and Drainage, 1616 Seventeenth Street, #483, Denver, Colorado 80202, USA; phone: 303-628-5430; email: stephens@uscid.org; URL: www.uscid.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Partial cutting to facilitate establishment of artificial Nuttall oak regeneration in the Mississippi Delta AN - 39627276; 3774279 AU - Ware, B P AU - Gardiner, E S Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39627276?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Partial+cutting+to+facilitate+establishment+of+artificial+Nuttall+oak+regeneration+in+the+Mississippi+Delta&rft.au=Ware%2C+B+P%3BGardiner%2C+E+S&rft.aulast=Ware&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Box, 96813825 E. Mulberry St., 100 Stone Blvd., MS 39762Ft. Collins, CO 80524-8597, USAUSA; phone: 662-325-2145; URL: www.srs.fs.usda.gov/bssrc/ N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Soil characteristics of loblolly pine decline sites in Central Alabama AN - 39627150; 3774233 AU - Carter, E A AU - Hess, N J AU - Goddard, A J AU - Otrosina, W J AU - Jones, J P AU - Eckhardt, L G AU - Weber, A M Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39627150?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Soil+characteristics+of+loblolly+pine+decline+sites+in+Central+Alabama&rft.au=Carter%2C+E+A%3BHess%2C+N+J%3BGoddard%2C+A+J%3BOtrosina%2C+W+J%3BJones%2C+J+P%3BEckhardt%2C+L+G%3BWeber%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Carter&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Box, 96813825 E. Mulberry St., 100 Stone Blvd., MS 39762Ft. Collins, CO 80524-8597, USAUSA; phone: 662-325-2145; URL: www.srs.fs.usda.gov/bssrc/ N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Pondberry (Lindera melissifolia) recovery on protected sites in Mississippi AN - 39627110; 3774226 AU - Devall AU - Schiff, N M AU - Skojac, SA Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39627110?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Pondberry+%28Lindera+melissifolia%29+recovery+on+protected+sites+in+Mississippi&rft.au=Devall%3BSchiff%2C+N+M%3BSkojac%2C+SA&rft.aulast=Devall&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Box, 96813825 E. Mulberry St., 100 Stone Blvd., MS 39762Ft. Collins, CO 80524-8597, USAUSA; phone: 662-325-2145; URL: www.srs.fs.usda.gov/bssrc/ N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Forest soil productivity on the loblolly pine long term soil productivity sites at age 5 AN - 39627014; 3774187 AU - Scott, DA AU - Tiarks, A E AU - Sanchez, F AU - Elliott-Smith, M AU - Stagg, R Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39627014?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Forest+soil+productivity+on+the+loblolly+pine+long+term+soil+productivity+sites+at+age+5&rft.au=Scott%2C+DA%3BTiarks%2C+A+E%3BSanchez%2C+F%3BElliott-Smith%2C+M%3BStagg%2C+R&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Box, 96813825 E. Mulberry St., 100 Stone Blvd., MS 39762Ft. Collins, CO 80524-8597, USAUSA; phone: 662-325-2145; URL: www.srs.fs.usda.gov/bssrc/ N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Lead presentation, future trends: Global environmental change implications for irrigation water requirements AN - 39625074; 3777647 AU - Kimball, BA Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39625074?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Lead+presentation%2C+future+trends%3A+Global+environmental+change+implications+for+irrigation+water+requirements&rft.au=Kimball%2C+BA&rft.aulast=Kimball&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: United States Committee on Irrigation and Drainage, 1616 Seventeenth Street, #483, Denver, Colorado 80202, USA; phone: 303-628-5430; email: stephens@uscid.org; URL: www.uscid.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Biological control of rosy apple aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea AN - 39623356; 3776467 AU - Brown, M W AU - Mathews, C R Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39623356?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Biological+control+of+rosy+apple+aphid%2C+Dysaphis+plantaginea&rft.au=Brown%2C+M+W%3BMathews%2C+C+R&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Entomological Society of America, 9301 Annapolis Rd., Lanham, MD 20706, USA N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Potential for biological control of the Asian longhorned beetle (ALB) Anoplophora glabripennis AN - 39623169; 3776417 AU - Smith, M T AU - Fuester, R AU - Herard, F AU - Hajek, A AU - DuBois, T Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39623169?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Potential+for+biological+control+of+the+Asian+longhorned+beetle+%28ALB%29+Anoplophora+glabripennis&rft.au=Smith%2C+M+T%3BFuester%2C+R%3BHerard%2C+F%3BHajek%2C+A%3BDuBois%2C+T&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Entomological Society of America, 9301 Annapolis Rd., Lanham, MD 20706, USA N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Floodplain topography affects establishment success of direct seeded bottomland oaks AN - 39622308; 3774241 AU - Gardiner, E S AU - Hodges, J D AU - Fristoe, T C Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39622308?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Floodplain+topography+affects+establishment+success+of+direct+seeded+bottomland+oaks&rft.au=Gardiner%2C+E+S%3BHodges%2C+J+D%3BFristoe%2C+T+C&rft.aulast=Gardiner&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Box, 96813825 E. Mulberry St., 100 Stone Blvd., MS 39762Ft. Collins, CO 80524-8597, USAUSA; phone: 662-325-2145; URL: www.srs.fs.usda.gov/bssrc/ N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Reforestation under the 1992 wetland reserve program in West-Central Mississippi AN - 39616852; 3774271 AU - Schweitzer, C J Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39616852?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Reforestation+under+the+1992+wetland+reserve+program+in+West-Central+Mississippi&rft.au=Schweitzer%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Schweitzer&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Box, 96813825 E. Mulberry St., 100 Stone Blvd., MS 39762Ft. Collins, CO 80524-8597, USAUSA; phone: 662-325-2145; URL: www.srs.fs.usda.gov/bssrc/ N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Northern red oak (Quercus rubra) from acorn to acorns in eight years or less AN - 39616677; 3774222 AU - Kormanik, P AU - Sung, S-JS AU - Kormanik, T L AU - Tibbs, T AU - Zarnoch, S J Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39616677?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Northern+red+oak+%28Quercus+rubra%29+from+acorn+to+acorns+in+eight+years+or+less&rft.au=Kormanik%2C+P%3BSung%2C+S-JS%3BKormanik%2C+T+L%3BTibbs%2C+T%3BZarnoch%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Kormanik&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Box, 96813825 E. Mulberry St., 100 Stone Blvd., MS 39762Ft. Collins, CO 80524-8597, USAUSA; phone: 662-325-2145; URL: www.srs.fs.usda.gov/bssrc/ N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Diameter growth and epicormic branching response of an East Texas bottomland red oak stand three years after thinning and fertilization AN - 39616494; 3774162 AU - Michalek, A J AU - Lockhart, B R AU - Lowe, M W AU - Williams, R A Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39616494?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Diameter+growth+and+epicormic+branching+response+of+an+East+Texas+bottomland+red+oak+stand+three+years+after+thinning+and+fertilization&rft.au=Michalek%2C+A+J%3BLockhart%2C+B+R%3BLowe%2C+M+W%3BWilliams%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Michalek&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Box, 96813825 E. Mulberry St., 100 Stone Blvd., MS 39762Ft. Collins, CO 80524-8597, USAUSA; phone: 662-325-2145; URL: www.srs.fs.usda.gov/bssrc/ N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Relative impacts of ice storms on loblolly pine plantations in Arkansas AN - 39616369; 3774134 AU - Bragg, D C AU - Shelton, M G AU - Heitzman, E Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39616369?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Relative+impacts+of+ice+storms+on+loblolly+pine+plantations+in+Arkansas&rft.au=Bragg%2C+D+C%3BShelton%2C+M+G%3BHeitzman%2C+E&rft.aulast=Bragg&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Box, 96813825 E. Mulberry St., 100 Stone Blvd., MS 39762Ft. Collins, CO 80524-8597, USAUSA; phone: 662-325-2145; URL: www.srs.fs.usda.gov/bssrc/ N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Empirical investigations of the influence of predation risk on dispersal movements in the eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) AN - 39613017; 3777998 AU - Zollner, P A AU - Crane, K J Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39613017?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Empirical+investigations+of+the+influence+of+predation+risk+on+dispersal+movements+in+the+eastern+chipmunks+%28Tamias+striatus%29&rft.au=Zollner%2C+P+A%3BCrane%2C+K+J&rft.aulast=Zollner&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Wildland Disturbance Consultant, 343 Muskrat St., P.O. Box 2421, Banff, Alberta T1L 1C2, Canada; phone: (403) 762-8892; email: mprogeau@telusplanet.net; URL: www.zoo.utoronto.ca/ N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Prescribed fire and thinning in Ohio oak forests: A fine-scale analysis using wavelet transects AN - 39612980; 3777986 AU - Iverson, L R Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39612980?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Prescribed+fire+and+thinning+in+Ohio+oak+forests%3A+A+fine-scale+analysis+using+wavelet+transects&rft.au=Iverson%2C+L+R&rft.aulast=Iverson&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Wildland Disturbance Consultant, 343 Muskrat St., P.O. Box 2421, Banff, Alberta T1L 1C2, Canada; phone: (403) 762-8892; email: mprogeau@telusplanet.net; URL: www.zoo.utoronto.ca/ N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Seasonal stem cambial sucrose metabolism of longleaf pine AN - 39603800; 3774275 AU - Sung, S-JS AU - Otrosina, W J AU - Zarnoch, S J Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39603800?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Seasonal+stem+cambial+sucrose+metabolism+of+longleaf+pine&rft.au=Sung%2C+S-JS%3BOtrosina%2C+W+J%3BZarnoch%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Sung&rft.aufirst=S-JS&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Box, 96813825 E. Mulberry St., 100 Stone Blvd., MS 39762Ft. Collins, CO 80524-8597, USAUSA; phone: 662-325-2145; URL: www.srs.fs.usda.gov/bssrc/ N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diversity and composition of tropical secondary forests recovering from large-scale clearing: results from the 1990 inventory in Puerto Rico AN - 18858757; 5681358 AB - The extensive recovery from agricultural clearing of Puerto Rican forests over the past half-century provides a good opportunity to study tropical forest recovery on a landscape scale. Using ordination and regression techniques, we analyzed forest inventory data from across Puerto Rico's moist and wet secondary forests to evaluate their species composition and whether the landscape structure of older forest affected tree species composition of recovering forests at this scale. Our results support conclusions from studies conducted in Puerto Rico at smaller scales and temperate forests at larger scales that timing of abandonment and land use history are of overwhelming importance in determining the species composition of recovering forests. Forest recovery is recent enough in Puerto Rico that previous land use is clearly evident in current species composition, and creates new forest communities. As demonstrated in other work, physical factors such as elevation and substrate co-vary with land use history, so that the species composition of the forest landscape results from the interplay between biophysical and socioeconomic forces over time. Our results also indicate that increasing the distance to the largest forest patches occurring in the landscape 12 years previous had a small negative impact on species richness but not species diversity or community composition. We conclude that land use history has as much influence in species composition as biophysical variables and that, at the scale of this study, there is no large influence of forest landscape structure on species diversity or composition. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Chinea, J D AU - Helmer, E H AD - International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 25000, Ro Piedras, PR 00928, USA, jdchinea@yahoo.com Y1 - 2003/07/17/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 17 SP - 227 EP - 240 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 180 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18858757?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Diversity+and+composition+of+tropical+secondary+forests+recovering+from+large-scale+clearing%3A+results+from+the+1990+inventory+in+Puerto+Rico&rft.au=Chinea%2C+J+D%3BHelmer%2C+E+H&rft.aulast=Chinea&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-07-17&rft.volume=180&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1127%2802%2900565-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(02)00565-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial dispersion of trees in an old-growth temperate hardwood forest over 60 years of succession AN - 18858732; 5681384 AB - An analysis of spatial dispersion was conducted for individual tree species in the old-growth forest at the Davis-Purdue Research Forest in Indiana. This 20.6ha stand has been left largely undisturbed by exogenous factors since its acquisition by Purdue in 1917. It is the only long-term study plot of its size for a temperate hardwood forest with x-y coordinates (rectangular plot) for all species above 10cm diameter. Full censuses have been conducted spanning 60 years (1926, 1976 and 1986). Ripley's L(t) function revealed that most species are characterized by some form of aggregation, agreeing with a prior evaluation from 1981. Heterogeneity of spatial structure was evident between two large plots, indicating that differences in site quality and history had influenced spatial structure. Shade-intolerant species were numerically dominant and spatially aggregated in 1926 but have declined over the 60-year interval and become more random in spatial dispersion. Shade-tolerant species have increased in number and become more aggregated over time, or they exhibit little change in spatial structure. Examples of the latter include Acer saccharum and Ulmus americana, species that experienced explosive population growth. These contrasting patterns are masked by stand-level patterns that show a trend toward uniformity over the same time frame. These data reveal that changes in dispersion accompany the demographic failure experienced by numerous tree species in Central Hardwood old-growth stands, and these changes may feed back into a negative population cycle and further impede regeneration. The simultaneous manipulation of dispersion and density should be considered as a tool for influencing forest succession and promoting regeneration of desired tree species. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Aldrich, PR AU - Parker, G R AU - Ward, J S AU - Michler, CH AD - USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station, Hardwood Tree Improvement and Regeneration Center, Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 1159 Forestry Building, 195 Marsteller Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1159, USA, preston@fnr.purdue.edu Y1 - 2003/07/17/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 17 SP - 475 EP - 491 VL - 180 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - American elm KW - Sugar maple KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18858732?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Spatial+dispersion+of+trees+in+an+old-growth+temperate+hardwood+forest+over+60+years+of+succession&rft.au=Aldrich%2C+PR%3BParker%2C+G+R%3BWard%2C+J+S%3BMichler%2C+CH&rft.aulast=Aldrich&rft.aufirst=PR&rft.date=2003-07-17&rft.volume=180&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=475&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1127%2802%2900612-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(02)00612-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trends in tree growth and understory yield in silvopastoral practices with southern pines AN - 856757172; 13662856 AB - Farm-level simulators such as the Agroforestry Estate Model use as inputs either yield tables or outputs from forest modeling tools. Forest models rely upon assumptions on site index, stem diameter (DBH) distribution, wood production and tree mortality, which may or may not apply to agroforestry practices. Differences may arise because of the effects on tree growth of unusual spacings and configurations, fertilizer, pruning and grazing regimes, and tree-understory relationships as well. We examined data from published or existing field trials to determine mid- and long-term trends in tree growth and understory yields in silvopastoral practices with southern pines (Pinus spp.) in the United States. Tree DBH and height were greater in practices with improved pastures than in those with spontaneous grasses. Understory affected DBH more than height and, therefore, DBH-height relationships differed among practices. Sigmoidal models predicted that tree height will peak at different age depending on tree spacing and understory type. These changes may affect the accuracy of site indices and wood yield predictions. Livestock gains decrease linearly with increasing stand basal area and stand age, although forage yields sometimes decay exponentially. In one of the experiments, livestock gains decreased to almost zero at age 19 but with stand basal areas at that age markedly differing (14 and 25 m super(2) ha super(-1)) for two different spacings. Additional data would allow to generate empirical algorithms to obtain farm-level simulations of broad application, improve economic analysis and generate hypotheses to guide future experimental work. JF - Agroforestry Systems AU - Ares, Adrian AU - St Louis, David AU - Brauer, David AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center, Agriculture Research Service, Booneville, AR, 72927-9214, USA, aares@spa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 27 EP - 33 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 59 IS - 1 SN - 0167-4366, 0167-4366 KW - Environment Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Age KW - USA KW - Trees KW - Pinus KW - ENA 06:Food & Drugs KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856757172?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agroforestry+Systems&rft.atitle=Trends+in+tree+growth+and+understory+yield+in+silvopastoral+practices+with+southern+pines&rft.au=Ares%2C+Adrian%3BSt+Louis%2C+David%3BBrauer%2C+David&rft.aulast=Ares&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agroforestry+Systems&rft.issn=01674366&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1026132918914 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Trees; Pinus; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026132918914 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cross-resistance to strobilurin fungicides in mitochondrial and nuclear mutants ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae AN - 807275893; 13834696 AB - In yeast the resistance to kresoxim-methyl and azoxystrobin, like the resistance to strobilurin A (mucidin) is under the control of both mitochondrialcob gene and the PDR network of nuclear genes involved in multidrug resistance. The mucidin-resistantmucl (G137R) andmuc2 (L275S) mutants ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae containing point mutations in mtDNA were found to be cross-resistant to kresoximmethyl and azoxystrobin. Cross-resistance to all three strobilurin fungicides was also observed in yeast transformants containing gain-of-function mutations in the nuclearPDR3 gene. On the other hand, nuclear mutants containing disrupted chromosomal copies of thePDR1 andPDR3 genes or thePDR5 gene alone werehypersensitive to kresoxim-methyl, axoxystrobin and strobilurin A. The frequencies of spontaneous mutants selected for resistance either to kresoxim-methyl, azoxystrobin or strobilurin A were similar and resulted from mutations both in mitochondrial and nuclear genes. The results indicate that resistance to strobilurin fungicides, differing in chemical structure and specific activity, can be caused by the same molecular mechanism involving changes in the structure of apocytochromeb and/or increased efflux of strobilurins from fungal cells. JF - Folia Microbiologica AU - Hnatova, M AU - Gbelska, Y AU - Obernauerova, M AU - Subikova, V AU - Subik, J AD - Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Science, Comenius University, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia, subik@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 496 EP - 500 PB - Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Videnska 1083 Prague 14220 Czech Republic VL - 48 IS - 4 SN - 0015-5632, 0015-5632 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - azoxystrobin KW - Molecular modelling KW - Mitochondrial DNA KW - strobilurin KW - Kresoxim-methyl KW - Fungicides KW - Point mutation KW - Mitochondria KW - Multidrug resistance KW - Cross-resistance KW - K 03310:Genetics & Taxonomy KW - X 24330:Agrochemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/807275893?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Folia+Microbiologica&rft.atitle=Cross-resistance+to+strobilurin+fungicides+in+mitochondrial+and+nuclear+mutants+ofSaccharomyces+cerevisiae&rft.au=Hnatova%2C+M%3BGbelska%2C+Y%3BObernauerova%2C+M%3BSubikova%2C+V%3BSubik%2C+J&rft.aulast=Hnatova&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=496&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Folia+Microbiologica&rft.issn=00155632&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02931331 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - azoxystrobin; Molecular modelling; Mitochondrial DNA; strobilurin; Kresoxim-methyl; Point mutation; Fungicides; Mitochondria; Multidrug resistance; Cross-resistance DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02931331 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil mixing to decrease surface stratification of phosphorus in manured soils. AN - 73578717; 12931893 AB - Continual applications of fertilizer and manure to permanent grassland or no-till soils can lead to an accumulation of P at the surface, which in turn increases the potential for P loss in overland flow. To investigate the feasibility of redistributing surface stratified P within the soil profile by plowing, Mehlich-3 P rich surface soils (128-961 mg kg(-) in 0-5 cm) were incubated with lower-P subsoil (16-119 mg kg(-1) in 5-20 cm) for 18 manured soils from Oklahoma and Pennsylvania that had received long-term manure applications (60-150 kg P ha(-1) yr(-1) as dairy, poultry, or swine manure for up to 20 yr). After incubating a mixture of 5 g surface soil (0- to 5-cm depth) and 15 g subsoil (5- to 20-cm depth) for 28 d, Mehlich-3 P decreased 66 to 90% as a function of the weighted mean Mehlich-3 P of surface and subsoil (i.e.. 1:3 ratio) (r2 = 0.87). At Klingerstown, Northumberland County, south central Pennsylvania, a P-stratified Berks soil (Typic Dystrochrept) (495 mg kg(-1) Mehlich-3 P in 0- to 5-cm depth) was chisel plowed to about 25 cm and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) planted. Once grass was established and erosion minimized (about 20 wk after plowing and planting), total P concentration in overland flow during a 30-min rainfall (6.5 cm h(-1)) was 1.79 mg L(-1) compared with 3.4 mg L(-1) before plowing, with dissolved P reduced from 2.9 to 0.3 mg L(-1). Plowing P-stratified soils has the potential to decrease P loss in overland flow, as long as plowing-induced erosion is minimized. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - Sharpley, Andrew N AD - USDA-ARS, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, Building 3702, Curtin Road, University Park, PA 16802-3702, USA. ans3@psu.edu PY - 2003 SP - 1375 EP - 1384 VL - 32 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Fertilizers KW - 0 KW - Manure KW - Soil KW - Phosphorus KW - 27YLU75U4W KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Dactylis KW - Agriculture -- methods KW - Conservation of Natural Resources KW - Phosphorus -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73578717?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Soil+mixing+to+decrease+surface+stratification+of+phosphorus+in+manured+soils.&rft.au=Sharpley%2C+Andrew+N&rft.aulast=Sharpley&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1375&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-11-06 N1 - Date created - 2003-08-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth kinetics and cell morphology of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A as affected by temperature, NaCl, and EDTA. AN - 73509428; 12870754 AB - Growth kinetics and morphological characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A grown under stress conditions induced by increasing levels of NaCl and EDTA were studied as a function of temperature. L. monocytogenes Scott A was inoculated into brain heart infusion broth (pH 6) at 19, 28, 37, and 42 degrees C. Test cultures contained NaCl (at concentrations of 4.5, 6.0, and 7.5%) or EDTA (at concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mM); control cultures contained 0.5% NaCl. Growth curves were fitted from plate count data by the Gompertz equation, and growth kinetics parameters were derived. Stationary-phase cells were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Generation times (GTs) and lag phase duration times (LPDs) increased as additive levels were increased. The bacterium grew at all NaCl levels. At 37 and 42 degrees C, growth was slow in media containing 7.5% NaCl, and no growth occurred in media containing 0.3 mM EDTA. Temperature was a major factor in certain stress conditions that led to cell elongation and loss of flagella. Cells in control media at 28 degrees C grew as short rods (0.5 by 1.0 to 2.0 microm), while at 42 degrees C most cells were 4 to 10 times as long. Higher levels of NaCl at higher temperatures resulted in longer and thicker cells. At 28 degrees C, 0.1 mM EDTA had little effect on growth kinetics and morphology; however, 0.3 mM EDTA caused a sixfold increase in GT and LPD and loss of flagellae, with most cells being two to six times as long as normal. Cell length did not correlate with growth kinetics. The results of this study suggest that the effect of altered morphological characteristics of L. monocytogenes cells grown under stress on the virulence and subsequent survival of these cells should be investigated. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Zaika, Laura L AU - Fanelli, Joseph S AD - Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. lzaika@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - July 2003 SP - 1208 EP - 1215 VL - 66 IS - 7 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Food Additives KW - 0 KW - Sodium Chloride KW - 451W47IQ8X KW - Edetic Acid KW - 9G34HU7RV0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Microbiology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Kinetics KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Transmission KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Microscopy, Electron KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- drug effects KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- ultrastructure KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- growth & development KW - Food Additives -- pharmacology KW - Temperature KW - Edetic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Sodium Chloride -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73509428?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Growth+kinetics+and+cell+morphology+of+Listeria+monocytogenes+Scott+A+as+affected+by+temperature%2C+NaCl%2C+and+EDTA.&rft.au=Zaika%2C+Laura+L%3BFanelli%2C+Joseph+S&rft.aulast=Zaika&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1208&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-14 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optimal fluorescence excitation and emission bands for detection of fecal contamination. AN - 73481712; 12870753 AB - Fecal contamination of food products is a critical health issue. To test the feasibility of the use fluorescent techniques to detect fecal contamination, fluorescence excitation and emission characteristics of fecal matter from cows, deer, swine, chickens, and turkeys in the UV to far-red regions of the spectrum were evaluated. To allow the optimization of the detection of fecal contamination on animal carcasses and cut meats, emission-excitation spectra of the feces were compared with spectra for animal meats. The feedstuffs for the swine, chickens, and turkeys were also analyzed. Excitation at approximately 410 to 420 nm yielded the highest level of fluorescence for both feces and feedstuffs. Emission maxima were in the red region (at 632 nm for chicken feces and at 675 nm for the feces of the other species). The major constituent responsible for emission at 632 nm was tentatively identified as protoporphyrin IX; emission at 675 nm most likely emanates from chlorophyll a or its metabolites. Animal meats emitted strong fluorescence in the blue-green regions, but no emission peaks were observed in the red region for these meats. These results suggest that fluorescence emissions from naturally occurring chlorophyll a and its metabolites are good markers for fecal contamination and that with excitation at 410 to 420 nm, the responses of fecal matter can easily be differentiated from the responses of animal meats. We suggest that the detection of fecal contamination can be enhanced by requiring a minimum chlorophyll a content in the finishing diets of all farm animals. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Kim, Moon S AU - Lefcourt, Alan M AU - Chen, Yud-Ren AD - Instrumentation and Sensing Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Building 303, BARC-East, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA. kimm@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - July 2003 SP - 1198 EP - 1207 VL - 66 IS - 7 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Chlorophyll KW - 1406-65-1 KW - chlorophyll a KW - YF5Q9EJC8Y KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Cattle KW - Turkeys KW - Spectrometry, Fluorescence -- methods KW - Animal Feed -- microbiology KW - Deer KW - Chlorophyll -- analysis KW - Feces -- microbiology KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Meat -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73481712?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Optimal+fluorescence+excitation+and+emission+bands+for+detection+of+fecal+contamination.&rft.au=Kim%2C+Moon+S%3BLefcourt%2C+Alan+M%3BChen%2C+Yud-Ren&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Moon&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1198&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-14 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Automated detection of fecal contamination of apples by multispectral laser-induced fluorescence imaging. AN - 73473208; 12868833 AB - Animal feces are a suspected source of contamination of apples by disease-causing organisms such as Echerichia coli O157. Laser-induced fluorescence was used to detect different amounts of feces from dairy cows, deer, and a dairy pasture applied to Red Delicious apples. One day after application, detection for 1:2 and 1:20 dilutions was nearly 100%, and for 1:200 dilutions (80%. Detection after apples had been washed and brushed was lowest for pasture feces; detection for 1:2, 1:20, and 1:200 dilutions of feces was 100%, 30%, and 0%, respectively. This technology may encourage development of commercial systems for detecting fecal contamination of apples. JF - Applied optics AU - Lefcourt, Alan M AU - Kim, Moon S AU - Chen, Yud-Ren AD - Instrumentation and Sensing Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agricultural Research Service, Building 303, Powder Mill Road, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA. alefcour@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/07/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 01 SP - 3935 EP - 3943 VL - 42 IS - 19 SN - 0003-6935, 0003-6935 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Reference Values KW - Feasibility Studies KW - Equipment Design KW - Cattle KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Equipment Failure Analysis KW - Disinfection -- methods KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Quality Control KW - Color KW - Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted -- methods KW - Spectrometry, Fluorescence -- methods KW - Spectrometry, Fluorescence -- instrumentation KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Lasers KW - Feces -- chemistry KW - Fruit -- chemistry KW - Malus -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73473208?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+optics&rft.atitle=Automated+detection+of+fecal+contamination+of+apples+by+multispectral+laser-induced+fluorescence+imaging.&rft.au=Lefcourt%2C+Alan+M%3BKim%2C+Moon+S%3BChen%2C+Yud-Ren&rft.aulast=Lefcourt&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=19&rft.spage=3935&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+optics&rft.issn=00036935&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-23 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multispectral laser-induced fluorescence imaging system for large biological samples. AN - 73469640; 12868832 AB - A laser-induced fluorescence imaging system developed to capture multispectral fluorescence emission images simultaneously from a relatively large target object is described. With an expanded, 355-nm Nd:YAG laser as the excitation source, the system captures fluorescence emission images in the blue, green, red, and far-red regions of the spectrum centered at 450, 550, 678, and 730 nm, respectively, from a 30-cm-diameter target area in ambient light. Images of apples and of pork meat artificially contaminated with diluted animal feces have demonstrated the versatility of fluorescence imaging techniques for potential applications in food safety inspection. Regions of contamination, including sites that were not readily visible to the human eye, could easily be identified from the images. JF - Applied optics AU - Kim, Moon S AU - Lefcourt, Alan M AU - Chen, Yud-Ren AD - Instrumentation and Sensing Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Building 303, Powder Mill Road, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA. kimm@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/07/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 01 SP - 3927 EP - 3934 VL - 42 IS - 19 SN - 0003-6935, 0003-6935 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Equipment Design KW - Cattle KW - Equipment Failure Analysis KW - Meat -- analysis KW - Fruit -- chemistry KW - Malus -- chemistry KW - Spectrometry, Fluorescence -- methods KW - Spectrometry, Fluorescence -- instrumentation KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Lasers KW - Feces -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73469640?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+optics&rft.atitle=Multispectral+laser-induced+fluorescence+imaging+system+for+large+biological+samples.&rft.au=Kim%2C+Moon+S%3BLefcourt%2C+Alan+M%3BChen%2C+Yud-Ren&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Moon&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=19&rft.spage=3927&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+optics&rft.issn=00036935&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-23 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preparative isolation of swainsonine from locoweed: extraction and purification procedures. AN - 73457029; 12892424 AB - The trihydroxy indolizidine alkaloid swainsonine, a plant toxin with potent alpha-mannosidase-inhibitory activity and chemotherapeutic potential, was isolated in gram quantities from locoweed (Astragalus lentiginosus). The key isolation and purification step was a continuous liquid/liquid extraction procedure using dichloromethane to extract a basified aqueous methanol solution obtained after isolation of the polar base fraction by ion-exchange. The concentration of swainsonine was increased from ca. 7% in the polar base material to 68% using the liquid/liquid extraction procedure. Pure swainsonine was then obtained by recrystallisation from ammonia-saturated chloroform or by sublimation. Small samples of swainsonine were also purified by formation of the chloroform-soluble methylboronate derivative, from which the alkaloid could be regenerated easily by hydrolysis. JF - Phytochemical analysis : PCA AU - Gardner, Dale R AU - Lee, Stephen T AU - Molyneux, Russell J AU - Edgar, John A AD - Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA,1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA. gardnerd@cc.usu.edu PY - 2003 SP - 259 EP - 266 VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 0958-0344, 0958-0344 KW - 2-epilentiginosine KW - 0 KW - Alkaloids KW - Indolizines KW - Plant Extracts KW - Swainsonine KW - RSY4RK37KQ KW - Index Medicus KW - Molecular Structure KW - Spectrum Analysis KW - Plant Extracts -- isolation & purification KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Plant Extracts -- chemistry KW - Alkaloids -- analysis KW - Indolizines -- analysis KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Swainsonine -- analysis KW - Swainsonine -- isolation & purification KW - Astragalus Plant -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73457029?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytochemical+analysis+%3A+PCA&rft.atitle=Preparative+isolation+of+swainsonine+from+locoweed%3A+extraction+and+purification+procedures.&rft.au=Gardner%2C+Dale+R%3BLee%2C+Stephen+T%3BMolyneux%2C+Russell+J%3BEdgar%2C+John+A&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=Dale&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytochemical+analysis+%3A+PCA&rft.issn=09580344&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-23 N1 - Date created - 2003-08-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Resistance to coumaphos and diazinon in Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) and evidence for the involvement of an oxidative detoxification mechanism. AN - 71466821; 14680115 AB - The levels of resistance to two organophosphate acaricides, coumaphos and diazinon, in several Mexican strains of Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) were evaluated using the FAO larval packet test. Regression analysis of LC50 data revealed a significant cross-resistance pattern between those two acaricides. Metabolic mechanisms of resistance were investigated with synergist bioassays. Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) reduced coumaphos toxicity in susceptible strains, but synergized coumaphos toxicity in resistant strains. There was a significant correlation between PBO synergism ratios and the coumaphos resistance ratios. The results suggest that an enhanced cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (cytP450)-mediated detoxification mechanism may exist in the resistant strains, in addition to the cytP450-mediated metabolic pathway that activates coumaphos. PBO failed to synergize diazinon toxicity in resistant strains, suggesting the cytP450 involved in detoxification were specific. Triphenylphosphate (TPP) synergized toxicity of both acaricides in both susceptible and resistant strains, and there was no correlation between TPP synergism ratios and the LC50 estimates for either acaricide. Esterases may not play a major role in resistance to coumaphos and diazinon in those strains. Bioassays with diethyl maleate (DEM) revealed a significant correlation between DEM synergism ratios and LC50 estimates for diazinon, suggesting a possible role for glutathione S-transferases in diazinon detoxification. Resistance to coumaphos in the Mexican strains of B. microplus was likely to be conferred by both a cytP450-mediated detoxification mechanism described here and the mechanism of insensitive acetylcholinesterases reported elsewhere. The results of this study also underscore the potential risk of coumaphos resistance in B. microplus from Mexico to the U.S. cattle fever tick eradication program. JF - Journal of medical entomology AU - Li, Andrew Y AU - Davey, Ronald B AU - Miller, Robert J AU - George, John E AD - USDA-ARS, Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, 2700 Fredericksburg Road, Kerrville, TX 78028, USA. andrewli@ktc.com Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - July 2003 SP - 482 EP - 490 VL - 40 IS - 4 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Coumaphos KW - L08SZ5Z5JC KW - Diazinon KW - YUS1M1Q929 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mexico KW - Inactivation, Metabolic KW - Geography KW - Insecticides -- toxicity KW - Diazinon -- toxicity KW - Diazinon -- pharmacokinetics KW - Ixodidae KW - Coumaphos -- toxicity KW - Insecticides -- pharmacokinetics KW - Coumaphos -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71466821?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.atitle=Resistance+to+coumaphos+and+diazinon+in+Boophilus+microplus+%28Acari%3A+Ixodidae%29+and+evidence+for+the+involvement+of+an+oxidative+detoxification+mechanism.&rft.au=Li%2C+Andrew+Y%3BDavey%2C+Ronald+B%3BMiller%2C+Robert+J%3BGeorge%2C+John+E&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=482&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-23 N1 - Date created - 2003-12-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protection and synergism by recombinant fowl pox vaccines expressing multiple genes from Marek's disease virus. AN - 71297965; 14562881 AB - Recombinant fowl poxviruses (rFPVs) were constructed to express genes from serotype 1 Marek's disease virus (MDV) coding for glycoproteins B, E, I, H, and UL32 (gB1, gE, gI, gH, and UL32). An additional rFPV was constructed to contain four MDV genes (gB1, gE, gI, and UL32). These rFPVs were evaluated for their ability to protect maternal antibody-positive chickens against challenge with highly virulent MDV isolates. The protection induced by a single rFPV/gB1 (42%) confirmed our previous finding. The protection induced by rFPV/gI (43%), rFPV/gB1UL32 (46%), rFPV/gB1gEgI (72%), and rFPV/gB1gEgIUL32 (70%) contributed to additional knowledge on MDV genes involved in protective immunity. In contrast, the rFPV containing gE, gH, or UL32 did not induce significant protection compared with turkey herpesvirus (HVT). Levels of protection by rFPV/gB1 and rFPV/gl were comparable with that of HVT. Only gB1 and gI conferred synergism in rFPV containing these two genes. Protection by both rFPV/gB1gEgI (72%) and rFPV/gB1gEgIUL32(70%) against Marek's disease was significantly enhanced compared with a single gB1 or gI gene (40%). This protective synergism between gB1 and gI in rFPVs may be the basis for better protection when bivalent vaccines between serotypes 2 and 3 were used. When rFPV/gB1gIgEUL32 + HVT were used as vaccine against Md5 challenge, the protection was significantly enhanced (94%). This synergism between rFPV/gB1gIgEUL32 and HVT indicates additional genes yet to be discovered in HVT may be responsible for the enhancement. JF - Avian diseases AU - Lee, Lucy E AU - Witter, R L AU - Reddy, S M AU - Wu, P AU - Yanagida, N AU - Yoshida, S AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, 3606 East Mt. Hope Road, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA. PY - 2003 SP - 549 EP - 558 VL - 47 IS - 3 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Glycoproteins KW - 0 KW - Vaccines, Synthetic KW - Viral Vaccines KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Viral KW - Chick Embryo KW - Glycoproteins -- genetics KW - Marek Disease -- prevention & control KW - Glycoproteins -- immunology KW - Chickens KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic KW - Vaccines, Synthetic -- immunology KW - Marek Disease -- virology KW - Vaccines, Synthetic -- administration & dosage KW - Vaccines, Synthetic -- genetics KW - Drug Synergism KW - Female KW - Male KW - Viral Vaccines -- administration & dosage KW - Fowlpox virus -- genetics KW - Viral Vaccines -- genetics KW - Fowlpox -- virology KW - Herpesvirus 2, Gallid -- immunology KW - Viral Vaccines -- immunology KW - Herpesvirus 2, Gallid -- genetics KW - Fowlpox virus -- immunology KW - Fowlpox -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71297965?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+diseases&rft.atitle=Protection+and+synergism+by+recombinant+fowl+pox+vaccines+expressing+multiple+genes+from+Marek%27s+disease+virus.&rft.au=Lee%2C+Lucy+E%3BWitter%2C+R+L%3BReddy%2C+S+M%3BWu%2C+P%3BYanagida%2C+N%3BYoshida%2C+S&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Lucy&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=549&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-20 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trade Remedy Actions in NAFTA: Agriculture and Agri-Food Industries AN - 60665173; 200405168 AB - Examines administered protection as the best way to protect domestic industries when tariffs are lowered or eliminated by free trade agreements. The focus is on four issues related to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA): the economic rationale for administered protection; evidence of its use by NAFTA countries; the potential for improving administered protection laws to give them the capacity to resolve disputes; & reasonable alternatives to administered protection within the NAFTA, including tweaking the current system, requiring consultations between countries, & radically changing the system. Since World Trade Organization rules governing administered protection must be incorporated into domestic legislation & implemented by national protection agencies, the rules are not necessarily the same in different countries, & they cover a wide variety of commodities with distinctive production/marketing practices. Political opposition to past efforts to eliminate anti-dumping/countervailing duties within the context of NAFTA is discussed. Lower tariffs have not dramatically increased administered protection & economists are critical of the motivations prompting most suits within the agricultural sector. 6 Tables, 2 Figures, 27 References. J. Lindroth JF - The World Economy AU - Wainio, John AU - Young, Linda M AU - Meilke, Karl AD - Economic Research Service, US Dept Agriculture Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - July 2003 SP - 1041 EP - 1065 VL - 26 IS - 7 SN - 0378-5920, 0378-5920 KW - Agriculture KW - North America KW - Exports and Imports KW - Agribusiness KW - Economic Policy KW - International Economic Organizations KW - Free Trade KW - International Trade KW - article KW - 9141: political economy; political economy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60665173?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awpsa&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+World+Economy&rft.atitle=Trade+Remedy+Actions+in+NAFTA%3A+Agriculture+and+Agri-Food+Industries&rft.au=Wainio%2C+John%3BYoung%2C+Linda+M%3BMeilke%2C+Karl&rft.aulast=Wainio&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1041&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+World+Economy&rft.issn=03785920&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Worldwide Political Science Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Number of references - 27 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Free Trade; International Trade; Agriculture; Agribusiness; Economic Policy; International Economic Organizations; North America; Exports and Imports ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Timing of recent accelerations of Pine Island Glacier, Antarctica AN - 51777262; 2004-085341 AB - We have used Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data and sequential Landsat imagery to identify and temporally constrain two acceleration events on Pine Island Glacier (PIG). An analysis indicates that changes in driving stress consistent with observed thinning rates are sufficient in magnitude to explain much of the acceleration. (modified journ. abstr.) JF - Geophysical Research Letters AU - Joughin, Ian AU - Rignot, Eric AU - Rosanova, Christine E AU - Lucchitta, Baerbel K AU - Bohlander, Jennifer Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - July 2003 SP - 4 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 30 IS - 13 SN - 0094-8276, 0094-8276 KW - hydrology KW - glacier surveys KW - West Antarctica KW - radar methods KW - mechanism KW - glaciers KW - satellite methods KW - interferometry KW - ice sheets KW - Antarctic ice sheet KW - ice movement KW - Landsat KW - Antarctica KW - SAR KW - West Antarctic ice sheet KW - glacial geology KW - discharge KW - RADARSAT KW - remote sensing KW - Pine Island Glacier KW - 24:Quaternary geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51777262?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.atitle=Timing+of+recent+accelerations+of+Pine+Island+Glacier%2C+Antarctica&rft.au=Joughin%2C+Ian%3BRignot%2C+Eric%3BRosanova%2C+Christine+E%3BLucchitta%2C+Baerbel+K%3BBohlander%2C+Jennifer&rft.aulast=Joughin&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.issn=00948276&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2003GL017609 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/gl/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 27 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. geol. sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GPRLAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Antarctic ice sheet; Antarctica; discharge; glacial geology; glacier surveys; glaciers; hydrology; ice movement; ice sheets; interferometry; Landsat; mechanism; Pine Island Glacier; radar methods; RADARSAT; remote sensing; SAR; satellite methods; West Antarctic ice sheet; West Antarctica DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003GL017609 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mechanistic approach to phytoremediation of water. AN - 27836442; 200502-31-02163 (CE); 06075859 (EN) AB - Conventional thinking regarding the use of food crops to clean aquaculture effluents has been that plants cannot remove nutrients in water to low levels without a reduction in productivity and quality. Because greenhouse space is expensive, productivity is critical for a profitable operation. A production strategy, called the conveyor production system (CPS), was developed using thin- film technology for plant production in dilute aquaculture effluents. With the CPS, young plants were positioned near the solution inlet in a gutter receiving the effluent and moved progressively, like along a conveyor belt, towards the outlet as they grew. Luxury consumption by lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Ostinata) enabled them to store P in their tissues early in their growth cycle for use later as water P levels decreased and influx could no longer meet current demands. If water is distributed in a horizontal plug-flow pattern, without the CPS, all nutrients will be luxury consumed at the inlet, making nutrients limiting at the outlet and significant greenhouse space will be dedicated to growing plants that have no market value. The object of this study was to construct and operate a pilot-scale CPS, collect data demonstrating its potential to clean effluent and produce a marketable product, and develop a mechanistic model describing the process. Greenhouse studies demonstrated that by using the CPS, phosphorus could be reduced from 0.52 to < 0.01 mg l super(-1) by lettuce without an apparent reduction in production or quality. The mechanistic model described in this paper simulated experimental data collected during the operation of the CPS growing lettuce and defines critical data necessary for the general comparison of effluents for treatment. JF - Ecological Engineering AU - Adler, P R AU - Summerfelt, S T AU - Glenn, D M AU - Takeda, F AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, 11876 Leetown Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA PY - 2003 SP - 251 EP - 264 PB - Elsevier Science BV, P.O. Box 211, Amsterdam, 1000 AE, Netherlands, [mailto:w.tukker@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.com] VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0925-8574, 0925-8574 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Effluents KW - Nutrients KW - Greenhouses KW - Ecology KW - Remediation KW - Article KW - EE 50:Water & Wastewater Treatment (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/27836442?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Engineering&rft.atitle=Mechanistic+approach+to+phytoremediation+of+water.&rft.au=Adler%2C+P+R%3BSummerfelt%2C+S+T%3BGlenn%2C+D+M%3BTakeda%2C+F&rft.aulast=Adler&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=251&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Engineering&rft.issn=09258574&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0925-8574%2803%2900044-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Number of references - 31 N1 - Document feature - Numerical Data N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0925-8574(03)00044-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - ERGOVALINE TOXICITY ON CACO-2 CELLS AS ASSESSED BY MTT, ALAMARBLUE, AND DNA ASSAYS AN - 20737838; 8696299 AB - The exact mechanisms of fescue toxicity in animals have yet to be established, but it has been associated with an inability to thrive. Ergovaline is the major ergopeptine alkaloid associated with fungal infections of tall fescue. Gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity of ergovaline (10-11 to 10-4 M) was evaluated in Caco-2 cells (mimicking the GI epithelium) beginning on days 1, 8, and 18 of culture. Acute and chronic toxicity was assessed after 24 and 72 h of exposure. Treatment periods were chosen to study undifferentiated, semidifferentiated, and completely differentiated cells. Cell loss and metabolic activity were assessed by thiazolyl blue reduction (3-(4,5-dimethylthiozole-2-yl)-2,5,-biphenyl tetrazolium bromide [MTT], mitochondrial succinate dehyrdogenase activity), alamarBlue assay (cytochrome oxidase activity), and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) quantitation. Undifferentiated cells were sensitive to 1 10-4 M ergovaline after acute exposure (from 52 to 74% of control values depending on assay). After 72 h of exposure to 1 10-4 M ergovaline, in all three assays, treatment means were reduced to similar to 10% of the control means. By day 11 in culture, ergovaline toxicity to cells had decreased. With 24 h exposure, an apparent paradoxical increase in MTT was seen at some concentrations. This increase in MTT was also found in fully differentiated cells (day 21), whereas alamarBlue activity decreased. No change in DNA was found until 72 h of exposure, when DNA was reduced similar to 12% over most concentrations. These findings indicate differentiation state-dependent sensitivity of Caco-2 cells to ergovaline, potential problems of the MTT assay as an indicator of cellular toxicity, and usefulness of alamarBlue assay over DNA assay for toxicity assessment. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal AU - Shappell, Nancy W AD - USDA ARS Biosciences Research Laboratory, 1605 Albrecht Boulevard, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, shappeln@fargo.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 329 EP - 335 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. VL - 39 IS - 7 SN - 1071-2690, 1071-2690 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - fescue toxicosis KW - gastrointestinal cells KW - ergovaline KW - ergopeptine KW - Mimicry KW - Mitochondria KW - Cell culture KW - Cytochrome-c oxidase KW - Toxicity KW - bromides KW - Differentiation KW - Alkaloids KW - Chronic toxicity KW - DNA KW - Epithelium KW - Quantitation KW - W 30925:Genetic Engineering KW - N 14810:Methods KW - X 24300:Methods KW - K 03420:Plant Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20737838?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.atitle=ERGOVALINE+TOXICITY+ON+CACO-2+CELLS+AS+ASSESSED+BY+MTT%2C+ALAMARBLUE%2C+AND+DNA+ASSAYS&rft.au=Shappell%2C+Nancy+W&rft.aulast=Shappell&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=329&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.issn=10712690&rft_id=info:doi/10.1290%2F1543-706X%282003%290392.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mimicry; Differentiation; Alkaloids; Chronic toxicity; DNA; Mitochondria; Epithelium; Cytochrome-c oxidase; Cell culture; Toxicity; bromides; Quantitation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1290/1543-706X(2003)039<0329:ETOCCA>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of genes induced in emerging tillers of wild oat (Avena Fatua) using Arabidopsis microarrays AN - 20089363; 5660458 AB - Arabidopsis complementary DNA (cDNA) microarrays were hybridized with labeled cDNA from mature leaves and emerging tillers of wild oat to determine if they could identify gene expression profiles in distantly related species. More than 23% of the > 11,000 cDNAs on the array hybridized to the wild oat probe. Transcription patterns detected by hybridization to the arrays are indicators for physiological processes in the tissues tested. Coordinated expression patterns for these genes in Arabidopsis indicate common signals involved in their regulation. The results demonstrate that probing cDNA-based arrays from well-characterized species can provide valuable insight into the signal transduction processes regulating growth and development of poorly characterized species. perpendicular omenclature: Gibberellic acid; N -1-naphthylphthalamic acid; wild oat, Avena fatua L. AVEFA. JF - Weed Science AU - Horvath, D P AU - Schaffer, R AU - Wisman, E AD - Biosciences Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Fargo, ND 58105-5674, horvathd@fargo.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 503 EP - 508 PB - Weed Science Society of America VL - 51 IS - 4 SN - 0043-1745, 0043-1745 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Avena fatua KW - Weeds KW - Gibberellic acid KW - Leaves KW - Probes KW - Transcription KW - Tillers KW - DNA microarrays KW - Gene expression KW - DNA KW - Arabidopsis KW - Signal transduction KW - W 30900:Methods KW - G 07700:Molecular Genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20089363?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Science&rft.atitle=Identification+of+genes+induced+in+emerging+tillers+of+wild+oat+%28Avena+Fatua%29+using+Arabidopsis+microarrays&rft.au=Horvath%2C+D+P%3BSchaffer%2C+R%3BWisman%2C+E&rft.aulast=Horvath&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=503&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Science&rft.issn=00431745&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0043-1745%282003%29051%280503%3AIOGIIE%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gene expression; Weeds; Gibberellic acid; Probes; DNA; Leaves; Transcription; Tillers; DNA microarrays; Signal transduction; Avena fatua; Arabidopsis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0043-1745(2003)051(0503:IOGIIE)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aphid biology: Expressed genes from alate Toxoptera citricida, the brown citrus aphid AN - 20038127; 8695940 AB - The brown citrus aphid, Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy), is considered the primary vector of citrus tristeza virus, a severe pathogen which causes losses to citrus industries worldwide. The alate (winged) form of this aphid can readily fly long distances with the wind, thus spreading citrus tristeza virus in citrus growing regions. To better understand the biology of the brown citrus aphid and the emergence of genes expressed during wing development, we undertook a large-scale 5' end sequencing project of cDNA clones from alate aphids. Similar large-scale expressed sequence tag (EST) sequencing projects from other insects have provided a vehicle for answering biological questions relating to development and physiology. Although there is a growing database in GenBank of ESTs from insects, most are from Drosophila melanogaster and Anopheles gambiae, with relatively few specifically derived from aphids. However, important morphogenetic processes are exclusively associated with piercing-sucking insect development and sap feeding insect metabolism. In this paper, we describe the first public data set of ESTs from the brown citrus aphid, T. citricida. The cDNA library was derived from alate adults due to their significance in spreading viruses (e.g., citrus tristeza virus). Over 5180 cDNA clones were sequenced, resulting in 4263 high-quality ESTs. Contig alignment of these ESTs resulted in 2124 total assembled sequences, including both contiguous sequences and singlets. Approximately 33% of the ESTs currently have no significant match in either the non-redundant protein or nucleic acid databases. Sequences returning matches with an E-value of less than or equal to -10 using BLASTX, BLASTN, or TBLASTX were annotated based on their putative molecular function and biological process using the Gene Ontology classification system. These data will aid research efforts in the identification of important genes within insects, specifically aphids and other sap feeding insects within the Order Hemiptera. The sequence data described in this paper have been submitted to Genbank's dbEST under the following accession numbers.: CB814527-CB814982, CB832665-CB833296, CB854878-CB855147, CB909714-CB910020, CB936196-CB936346, CD449954-CD450759. JF - Journal of Insect Science (Tucson) AU - Hunter, W B AU - Dang, P M AU - Bausher, M G AU - Chaparro, J X AU - McKendree, W AU - Shatters, R G AU - McKenzie, CL AU - Sinisterra, X H AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, Florida, U.S.A., whunter@ushrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - Library of the University of Arizona, 1510 East University VL - 3 IS - 23 SN - 1536-2442, 1536-2442 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Aphididae KW - cDNA KW - EST KW - Gene expression KW - Hemiptera KW - Development KW - Toxoptera KW - Classification systems KW - Feeding KW - Toxoptera citricida KW - Spreading KW - Data processing KW - Wings KW - SAP protein KW - Pathogens KW - expressed sequence tags KW - Anopheles gambiae KW - Databases KW - nucleic acids KW - Citrus tristeza virus KW - Drosophila melanogaster KW - Wind KW - Metabolism KW - G 07800:Plants and Algae KW - Z 05350:Medical, Veterinary, and Agricultural Entomology KW - V 22320:Replication KW - Y 25050:Genetics and Evolution KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20038127?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Insect+Science+%28Tucson%29&rft.atitle=Aphid+biology%3A+Expressed+genes+from+alate+Toxoptera+citricida%2C+the+brown+citrus+aphid&rft.au=Hunter%2C+W+B%3BDang%2C+P+M%3BBausher%2C+M+G%3BChaparro%2C+J+X%3BMcKendree%2C+W%3BShatters%2C+R+G%3BMcKenzie%2C+CL%3BSinisterra%2C+X+H&rft.aulast=Hunter&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=23&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Insect+Science+%28Tucson%29&rft.issn=15362442&rft_id=info:doi/10.1672%2F1536-2442%282003%290032.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Classification systems; Feeding; Data processing; Spreading; Wings; SAP protein; Pathogens; Development; expressed sequence tags; Databases; nucleic acids; Metabolism; Wind; Toxoptera citricida; Citrus tristeza virus; Drosophila melanogaster; Aphididae; Toxoptera; Anopheles gambiae; Hemiptera DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1672/1536-2442(2003)003[0001:ABEGFA]2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transformation efficiencies and expression patterns of a series of truncated GS sub(1-2) promoter-GUS transgenes in maize AN - 19939455; 6619178 AB - One isoform of maize glutamine synthetase, encoded by GS sub(1-2), is localized exclusively in the maternal tissues of the developing kernel. Previously, we have demonstrated the ability of the proximal 664 base pair 5' upstream portion of GS sub(1-2) to drive maternal tissue-specific GUS expression in transgenic maize kernels (Muhitch et al. Plant Sci. 163: 865-872). In this report, a series of GS sub(1-2) promoter-GUS reporter transgenes, progressively truncated from the 5' end of the full length 664 base pair promoter, were evaluated for transformation efficiency and their ability to drive tissue-specific gene expression in transgenic maize. Analysis of transgene integration and expression suggests that GS sub(1-2)-GUS transgenes were incorporated efficiently into the maize genome, but were not expressed efficiently in maize cells. Truncation of the promoter from -664 to -394, -206 or -72, relative to the putative transcription start site, resulted in the loss of tissue specific expression within the kernels of transformed plants. Among the truncated series, moderate staining was exhibited by the -394 promoter-GUS gene transformants, stronger staining was found in -206 promoter-GUS gene transformants, but relatively weak and variable staining occurred in plants transformed with the -72-GUS gene. Likely explanations for these observations are considered. JF - Physiologia Plantarum AU - Muhitch, Michael J AU - Liang, Hua AU - Sollenberger, Kurtis G Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 346 EP - 351 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road Oxford OX4 2DQ UK, [URL:http://www.blackwellpublishing.com] VL - 118 IS - 3 SN - 0031-9317, 0031-9317 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Transformation KW - Glutamate-ammonia ligase KW - Genomes KW - Gene expression KW - Promoters KW - Integration KW - Zea mays KW - Transgenes KW - Kernels KW - Transcription KW - Base pairs KW - W 30925:Genetic Engineering KW - G 07800:Plants and Algae UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19939455?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physiologia+Plantarum&rft.atitle=Transformation+efficiencies+and+expression+patterns+of+a+series+of+truncated+GS+sub%281-2%29+promoter-GUS+transgenes+in+maize&rft.au=Muhitch%2C+Michael+J%3BLiang%2C+Hua%3BSollenberger%2C+Kurtis+G&rft.aulast=Muhitch&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=346&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Physiologia+Plantarum&rft.issn=00319317&rft_id=info:doi/10.1034%2Fj.1399-3054.2003.00122.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Figures, 4; tables, 1; references, 25. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gene expression; Genomes; Glutamate-ammonia ligase; Transformation; Integration; Promoters; Transgenes; Transcription; Kernels; Base pairs; Zea mays DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.2003.00122.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of a Live Attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium Vaccine to Protect Hens Against Salmonella Enteritidis Infection While Undergoing Molt AN - 19722327; 5712314 AB - Previous studies demonstrated that Salmonella enteritidis infections in hens undergoing molt via feed withdrawal were more severe than in full fed hens. We conducted two trials to determine if immunizing specific-pathogen-free, Salmonella-culture-negative hens via aerosol exposure to MeganVac1 registered , a commercially available attenuated Salmonella typhimurium vaccine, would reduce transmission of S. enteritidis from infected hens to uninfected but contact-exposed hens during a molt. In trial 1, one group of hens received two aerosol doses of vaccine 2 wk apart whereas a second group of hens remained nonvaccinated. In trial 2, the vaccinated group received only one dose of vaccine. Two weeks after the final immunization, feed was removed from all the hens, and on day 4, the center hen in rows of 11 hens received a dose of 3 x 105 (trial 1) or 1.3 x 106 (trial 2). Transmission to the unchallenged hens was followed 3, 10, 17, and 24 days later. Vaccination reduced the horizontal spread of S. enteritidis in vaccinated hens compared with their nonvaccinated counterparts, with vaccinated hens shedding significantly less S. enteritidis on day 10 postchallenge in trial 1 and on days 3, 10, 17, and 24 in trial 2. Recovery of S. enteritidis from ovaries was significantly reduced in the vaccinated hens in trial 1 and from livers/spleens, ovaries, and cecum in trial 2. These studies indicate that immunization of hens with a live S. typhimurium vaccine could help reduce S. enteritidis problems during a molt situation.Original Abstract: Uso de una vacuna viva atenuada contra la Salmonella typhimurium para la proteccion de ponedoras contra la infeccion por Salmonella enteritidis durante el periodo de muda forzada. eta n estudios anteriores se demostro que las infecciones ocasionadas por la Salmonella enteritidis en ponedoras en muda forzada mediante la restriccion de alimento fueron mas severas que las infecciones en ponedoras alimentadas normalmente. Se realizaron dos ensayos en ponedoras libres de patogenos especificos negativas por cultivo a Salmonella con el fin de determinar si la vacunacion por aerosol con la vacuna MeganVac1 registered , vacuna comercial atenuada contra la Salmonella typhimurium, reduciria la transmision de la S. enteritidis de ponedoras infectadas a ponedoras no infectadas puestas en contacto con las aves infectadas durante el periodo de muda forzada. En el primer ensayo uno de los grupos recibio dos dosis de vacuna por aerosol con un intervalo de 2 semanas, mientras que el otro permanecio sin vacunar. En el segundo ensayo el grupo vacunado recibio una sola dosis de vacuna. Dos semanas despues de la ultima vacunacion se retiro el alimento en todas las ponedoras y al 4 degree dia la gallina localizada en el centro de la fila de 11 ponedoras se inoculo con una dosis de 3 x 105 (ensayo 1) o 1.3 x 106 (ensayo 2). Se evaluo la transmision a las ponedoras no desafiadas a los 3, 10, 17 y 24 dias posteriores al desafio. La vacunacion redujo la transmision horizontal de la S. enteritidis en las ponedoras vacunadas en comparacion con las ponedoras no vacunadas, con una eliminacion de S. enteritidis en las ponedoras vacunadas significativamente menor a los 10 dias posteriores al desafio en el ensayo 1 y a los 3, 10, 17 y 24 dias posteriores al desafio en el ensayo 2. Hubo una reduccion significativa en el aislamiento de S. enteritidis a partir de los ovarios en las ponedoras vacunadas en el ensayo 1, y a partir del higado, bazo, ovarios y ciego en el ensayo 2. Estos estudios indican que la inmunizacion de las ponedoras con una vacuna viva de S. typhimurium podria reducir los problemas de S. enteritidis durante la muda forzada. double prime bbreviations: APHIS = Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, CFU = colony-forming units, FSIS = Food Safety and Inspection Service, MLIA = modified lysine iron agar, SE = Salmonella enteritidis JF - Avian Diseases AU - Holt, P S AU - Gast, R K AU - Kelly-Aehle, S AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605 Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 656 EP - 661 PB - American Association of Avian Pathologists VL - 47 IS - 3 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - Aerosols KW - Spleen KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - Molting KW - Infection KW - Vaccination KW - Salmonella enteritidis KW - Disease transmission KW - Liver KW - Cecum KW - Vaccines KW - Ovaries KW - F 06905:Vaccines KW - J 02350:Immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19722327?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Use+of+a+Live+Attenuated+Salmonella+Typhimurium+Vaccine+to+Protect+Hens+Against+Salmonella+Enteritidis+Infection+While+Undergoing+Molt&rft.au=Holt%2C+P+S%3BGast%2C+R+K%3BKelly-Aehle%2C+S&rft.aulast=Holt&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=656&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0005-2086%282003%29047%280656%3AUOALAS%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0005-2086&volume=47&page=656 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aerosols; Liver; Cecum; Spleen; Ovaries; Vaccines; Infection; Molting; Vaccination; Disease transmission; Salmonella typhimurium; Salmonella enteritidis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0005-2086(2003)047(0656:UOALAS)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Failure of Viable Nonculturable Campylobacter jejuni to Colonize the Cecum of Newly Hatched Leghorn Chicks AN - 19288419; 5712328 AB - Campylobacter jejuni cells entered the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state upon suspension in sterile water. Cell viability was determined with tetrazolium violet. VBNC cells suspended in water for 7, 10, or 14 days were given, by gavage, to day-of-hatch leghorn chickens. The ceca of control and challenged birds were examined for the presence of campylobacteria by conventional microbiological methods at 1 wk and 2 wk after challenge inoculation and by polymerase chain reaction methods at 1 wk after challenge. We did not find culturable Campylobacter cells in the ceca. Neither was Campylobacter DNA found in cecal samples. Therefore, VBNC cells did not revert to the culturable colonizing form, nor did VBNC cells persist within the cecal environment.Original Abstract: Nota de Investigacion --El Campylobacter jejuni viable pero no cultivable no coloniza el ciego de pollitos leghorn recien nacidos. eta l Campylobacter jejuni cuando se suspende en agua esteril, pasa a un estado viable pero no cultivable. La viabilidad del Campylobacter fue determinada con tetrazolium violeta. Las celulas de Campylobacter viables no cultivables suspendidas en agua durante 7, 10 o 14 dias fueron administradas a pollitos recien nacidos por medio de sonda directamente al buche. Una y 2 semanas despues de la inoculacion, se examino el ciego de los pollitos controles y de los desafiados para la presencia de Campylobacter utilizando metodos microbiologicos normales, lo mismo que la reaccion en cadena por la polimerasa realizada una semana despues del desafio. No se cultivo el Campylobacter a partir del ciego, como tampoco se detecto su DNA en las muestras del ciego. Por lo tanto, las celulas viables no cultivables no revirtieron a su forma de colonia cultivable ni persistieron en el ambiente del ciego. double prime bbreviations: INT = 2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyltetrazolium chloride, PCR = polymerase chain reaction, ro-water = sterile water purified by reverse osmosis, VBNC = viable but nonculturable JF - Avian Diseases AU - Ziprin, R L AU - Droleskey, R E AU - Hume, ME AU - Harvey, R B AD - Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 2881 F & #38; B Road, College Station, TX 77845 Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 753 EP - 758 PB - American Association of Avian Pathologists VL - 47 IS - 3 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Campylobacter jejuni KW - Inoculation KW - Cecum KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - J 02410:Animal Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19288419?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Failure+of+Viable+Nonculturable+Campylobacter+jejuni+to+Colonize+the+Cecum+of+Newly+Hatched+Leghorn+Chicks&rft.au=Ziprin%2C+R+L%3BDroleskey%2C+R+E%3BHume%2C+ME%3BHarvey%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Ziprin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=753&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0005-2086%282003%29047%280753%3AFOVNCJ%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0005-2086&volume=47&page=753 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Inoculation; Polymerase chain reaction; Cecum; Campylobacter jejuni DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0005-2086(2003)047(0753:FOVNCJ)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of a Mycoplasma gallisepticum pMGA Gene in the Chicken Tracheal Ring Organ Culture Model AN - 19287982; 5712326 AB - Genetic and molecular methods to investigate the pathogenesis of the poultry respiratory pathogen Mycoplasma gallisepticum are quite limited. Therefore, the objective of this study was to design and evaluate a functional genomics approach to identify M. gallisepticum genes involved in colonization of the poultry respiratory tract. To serve as a transcriptional reporter, a promoterless lacZ gene from Escherichia coli was cloned into the Tn4001 transposon. The transposon was used to randomly mutagenize the chromosome of the M. gallisepticum S6 strain, and a bank of 1386 transposon mutants containing lacZ fusions to mycoplasma chromosomal DNA was assembled. Each mycoplasma clone containing the lacZ reporter was independently screened in the chicken tracheal ring organ culture (TROC) model system for increased production of beta -galactosidase. A twofold or greater increase in beta -galactosidase was consistently observed for eight mutants. In one of the mutants, the transposon was inserted in a pMGA gene encoding a cell surface adhesin involved in hemagglutination. Therefore, these data indicate that screening of a M. gallisepticum transposon reporter bank with a chicken TROC model is useful for the identification of genes induced during poultry colonization and virulence.Original Abstract: Nota de Investigacion -Induccion de un gen de pMGA de Mycoplasma gallisepticum en un modelo de cultivo de organo de anillo traqueal. Lambda a cantidad de metodos geneticos y moleculares para el estudio de la patogenesis del patogeno respiratorio aviar, Mycoplasma gallisepticum, es muy limitada. Es por ello que el objectivo de este estudio fue el diseno y evaluacion de una tecnica genomica functional para la identificacion de genes de M. gallisepticum relacionados con los procesos de colonizacion del tracto respiratorio de los pollos. Se utilizo un gen de lacZ sin promotor, obtenido de Escherichia coli y clonado en un transposon del tipo Tn4001, como un reportador de trascripcion. El transposon fue utilizado para producir mutaciones aleatorias en el genoma de la cepa S6 de M. gallisepticum, con el cual se obtuvo un total de 1386 mutantes del transposon que contenian el gen de lacZ fusionado al cromosoma de la bacteria. Cada clon de micoplasma que contenia el gen de reporte de lacZ fue estudiado en el modelo de cultivo de organo de anillo traqueal con el fin de determinar la produccion de beta -galactosidasa. Un incremento del doble de la produccion de beta -galactosidasa fue observado en ocho de estas mutantes. En una de las mutantes, el transposon fue insertado en el gen de pMGA el cual codifica por una proteina de adhesina de la superficie celular, la cual esta asociada a la hemaglutinacion. Estos datos indican que el estudio del grupo de M. gallisepticum que contienen el gen de reporte lacZ mediante el uso del modelo de cultivo de organo traqueal es util para la identification de genes que inducen colonizacion y virulencia en pollos. double prime bbreviations: C2FDG = 5-acetylaminofluorescein di- beta -D-galactopyranoside, MEM = minimum essential medium, TROC = tracheal ring organ culture, X-gal = 5-bromo-4 chloro-3-indolyl beta -D-galactopyranoside JF - Avian Diseases AU - Bearson, SMD AU - Collier, S D AU - Bearson, B L AU - Branton, S L AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Poultry Research Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 745 EP - 749 PB - American Association of Avian Pathologists VL - 47 IS - 3 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Adhesins KW - Cell surface KW - Poultry KW - Data processing KW - beta -Galactosidase KW - Transcription KW - Pathogens KW - Hemagglutination KW - Organ culture KW - Virulence KW - pMGA gene KW - Transposons KW - Colonization KW - Chromosomes KW - Escherichia coli KW - DNA KW - genomics KW - Mycoplasma gallisepticum KW - Mycoplasma KW - lacZ gene KW - Respiratory tract KW - J 02410:Animal Diseases KW - G 07700:Molecular Genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19287982?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Induction+of+a+Mycoplasma+gallisepticum+pMGA+Gene+in+the+Chicken+Tracheal+Ring+Organ+Culture+Model&rft.au=Bearson%2C+SMD%3BCollier%2C+S+D%3BBearson%2C+B+L%3BBranton%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Bearson&rft.aufirst=SMD&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=745&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0005-2086%282003%29047%280745%3AIOAMGP%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0005-2086&volume=47&page=745 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cell surface; Adhesins; Poultry; Data processing; beta -Galactosidase; Transcription; Pathogens; Organ culture; Hemagglutination; Transposons; pMGA gene; Virulence; Colonization; Chromosomes; DNA; genomics; Respiratory tract; lacZ gene; Escherichia coli; Mycoplasma gallisepticum; Mycoplasma DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0005-2086(2003)047(0745:IOAMGP)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Prior Serial In Vivo Passage on the Frequency of Salmonella enteritidis Contamination in Eggs from Experimentally Infected Laying Hens AN - 19287958; 5712311 AB - Experimental infection models are valuable tools for understanding and preventing the deposition of Salmonella enteritidis inside eggs. Oral inoculation is believed to closely simulate naturally occurring S. enteritidis infections of chickens, but oral infection studies have often generated relatively low frequencies of egg contamination. The present study assessed whether repeated in vivo passage of an S. enteritidis strain could affect its ability to cause egg contamination in experimentally infected hens. The incidence of egg contamination was determined in groups of hens inoculated orally with either a phage type 13a S. enteritidis strain or derivatives of this parent strain that were obtained by three successive rounds of passage and reisolation from tissues of infected hens. Passaged S. enteritidis isolates recovered from ovaries and oviducts induced a significantly higher incidence of egg contamination (16.97%) than was attributed to the parent strain (8.27%). However, passaged S. enteritidis isolates recovered from livers and spleens were not associated with a significantly increased frequency of deposition in eggs. By either inducing or selecting for the expression of relevant microbial properties, passage of S. enteritidis through reproductive tissues of chickens may be useful for improving the efficiency at which experimental infection models produce egg contamination.Original Abstract: Efecto de pasajes seriados in vivo en la frecuencia de contaminacion con Salmonella enteritidis de huevos de ponedoras infectadas experimentalmente. Lambda os modelos de infeccion experimental son una herramienta valiosa para entender y prevenir la deposicion de Salmonella enteritidis en el interior de los huevos. Se cree que la inoculacion por via oral muestra una similitud cercana a las infecciones naturales de los pollos por S. enteritidis, sin embargo, estudios de infecciones orales han generado con frecuencia niveles relativamente bajos de contaminacion de los huevos. En el presente estudio se evalua si pasajes repetidos in vivo de una cepa de S. enteritidis afectarian su capacidad para contaminar los huevos de ponedoras infectadas experimentalmente. Se determino la incidencia de contaminacion de los huevos en grupos de ponedoras inoculadas por via oral con una cepa de S. enteritidis fagotipo 13a o con sus cepas derivadas, las cuales fueron obtenidas mediante tres rondas sucesivas de pasaje-reaislamiento a partir de tejidos de ponedoras infectadas. Los aislamientos pasados de S. enteritidis, reaislados a partir de ovarios y oviductos, indujeron un mucho mayor incremento significativo en la contaminacion de los huevos (16.97%) que el atribuido a la cepa original (8.27%). Sin embargo, los aislamientos pasados de S. enteritidis, reaislados a partir de higados y bazos, no estuvieron asociados con un incremento significativo de la frecuencia de deposicion en los huevos. Mediante la induccion o seleccion de la expresion de propiedades microbiologicas relevantes, el pasaje de S. enteritidis a traves del tejido reproductor de pollos puede ser util para mejorar la eficiencia con la cual los modelos de infecciones experimentales producen contaminacion de los huevos. double prime bbreviations: BG = brilliant green, L/S = liver/spleen, O /O = ovary/oviduct, TS = tryptone soya JF - Avian Diseases AU - Gast, R K AU - Guard-Petter, J AU - Holt, P S AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605 Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 633 EP - 639 PB - American Association of Avian Pathologists VL - 47 IS - 3 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Phages KW - Experimental infection KW - Contamination KW - Spleen KW - Salmonella enteritidis KW - Eggs KW - Models KW - Oviduct KW - Liver KW - Inoculation KW - Ovaries KW - Oral infection KW - J 02410:Animal Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19287958?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Prior+Serial+In+Vivo+Passage+on+the+Frequency+of+Salmonella+enteritidis+Contamination+in+Eggs+from+Experimentally+Infected+Laying+Hens&rft.au=Gast%2C+R+K%3BGuard-Petter%2C+J%3BHolt%2C+P+S&rft.aulast=Gast&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=633&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0005-2086%282003%29047%280633%3AEOPSIV%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0005-2086&volume=47&page=633 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phages; Experimental infection; Oviduct; Contamination; Inoculation; Liver; Spleen; Ovaries; Oral infection; Eggs; Models; Salmonella enteritidis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0005-2086(2003)047(0633:EOPSIV)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Root colonization dynamics of two ectomycorrhizal fungi of contrasting life history strategies are mediated by addition of organic nutrient patches AN - 19234993; 5779278 AB - Here we investigated whether root colonization dynamics of ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) of contrasting life history strategies (i.e. early vs late successional dominants) were affected by resource availability, as mediated either directly via the soil, or indirectly via host nutrition. In a two-phase experiment, Pinus muricata seedlings were co-inoculated with spores of early (Rhizopogon occidentalis) and late (Tomentella sublilacina) successional dominant EMF, with or without squirrel faecal pellets added as a nutrient source, in single chambers (Phase A) subsequently converted to split-root chambers (Phase B). R. occidentalis colonized seedlings earlier than T. sublilacina. R. occidentalis root tip numbers peaked then declined in both treatments, but earlier in the minus pellet treatment than the plus. T. sublilacina increased steadily regardless of treatment. In the split-root treatment, we found no response by R. occidentalis, and a complex response by T. sublilacina, suggesting that plant nutrition may affect colonization dynamics. The strategy of R. occidentalis may be to colonize roots early in high resource environments; whereas that of T. sublilacina may be based upon slower colonization rates and greater competitive ability. The effect of nutrient additions on R. occidentalis may be highly dependent upon their timing. JF - New Phytologist AU - Lilleskov, E A AU - Bruns, T D AD - USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 410 MacInnes Dr, Houghton, MI 49931, USA, elilleskov@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 141 EP - 151 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd. VL - 159 IS - 1 SN - 0028-646X, 0028-646X KW - Bishop pine KW - Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Roots KW - Colonization KW - Tomentella sublilacina KW - Pinus muricata KW - Nutrient availability KW - Life history KW - Ectomycorrhizas KW - Rhizopogon occidentalis KW - A 01047:General KW - D 04623:Fungi KW - K 03096:Mycorrhiza UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19234993?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Phytologist&rft.atitle=Root+colonization+dynamics+of+two+ectomycorrhizal+fungi+of+contrasting+life+history+strategies+are+mediated+by+addition+of+organic+nutrient+patches&rft.au=Lilleskov%2C+E+A%3BBruns%2C+T+D&rft.aulast=Lilleskov&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=159&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=141&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+Phytologist&rft.issn=0028646X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1469-8137.2003.00794.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus muricata; Rhizopogon occidentalis; Tomentella sublilacina; Roots; Colonization; Ectomycorrhizas; Life history; Nutrient availability DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00794.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pathogen loads, clearance and plasma cortisol response in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), following challenge with Edwardsiella ictaluri AN - 19222254; 5773748 JF - Journal of Fish Diseases AU - Bilodeau, AL AU - Small, B C AU - Wolters, W R AD - USDA-ARS Catfish Genetics Research Unit, 141 Experiment Station Road, Box 38, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA, abilodeau@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - July 2003 SP - 433 EP - 437 VL - 26 IS - 7 SN - 0140-7775, 0140-7775 KW - Channel catfish KW - Graceful catfish KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Parasites KW - Hydrocortisone KW - Plasma KW - Fish diseases KW - Edwardsiella ictaluri KW - Freshwater KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - Disease transmission KW - J 02862:Infection KW - Q1 08587:Diseases of Cultured Organisms KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - Q3 08587:Diseases of Cultured Organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19222254?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Fish+Diseases&rft.atitle=Pathogen+loads%2C+clearance+and+plasma+cortisol+response+in+channel+catfish%2C+Ictalurus+punctatus+%28Rafinesque%29%2C+following+challenge+with+Edwardsiella+ictaluri&rft.au=Bilodeau%2C+AL%3BSmall%2C+B+C%3BWolters%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Bilodeau&rft.aufirst=AL&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=433&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Fish+Diseases&rft.issn=01407775&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2761.2003.00481.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Parasites; Fish diseases; Disease transmission; Plasma; Hydrocortisone; Edwardsiella ictaluri; Ictalurus punctatus; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.2003.00481.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production of Novel Tetrahydroxyfuranyl Fatty Acids from alpha -Linolenic Acid by Clavibacter sp. Strain ALA2 AN - 18939462; 5680173 AB - Previously, it was reported that a newly isolated microbial culture, Clavibacter sp. strain ALA2, produced trihydroxy unsaturated fatty acids, diepxoy bicyclic fatty acids, and tetrahydroxyfuranyl fatty acids (THFAs) from linoleic acid (C. T. Hou, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 73:1359-1362, 1996; C. T. Hou and R. J. Forman III, J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 24:275-276, 2000; C. T. Hou, H. Gardner, and W. Brown, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 75:1483-1487, 1998; C. T. Hou, H. W. Gardner, and W. Brown, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 78:1167-1169, 2001). In this study, we found that Clavibacter sp. strain ALA2 produced novel THFAs, including 13,16-dihydroxy-12-THFA, 15-epoxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid (13,16- dihydroxy-THFA), and 7,13,16-trihydroxy-12, 15-epoxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid (7,13,16-trihydroxy-THFA), from alpha -linolenic acid (9,12,15- octadecatrienoic acid). The chemical structures of these products were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and proton and super(13)C nuclear magnetic resonance analyses. The optimum incubation temperature was 30 degree C for production of both hydroxy-THFAs. 13,16-Dihydroxy-THFA was detected after 2 days of incubation, and the concentration reached 45 mg/50 ml after 7 days of incubation; 7,13,16-trihydroxy-THFA was not detected after 2 days of incubation, but the concentration reached 9 mg/50 ml after 7 days of incubation. The total yield of both 13,16-dihydroxy-THFA and 7,13,16-trihydroxy-THFA was 67% (wt/wt) after 7 days of incubation at 30 degree C and 200 rpm. In previous studies, it was reported that Clavibacter sp. strain ALA2 oxidized the C-7, C-12, C-13, C-16, and C-17 positions of linoleic acid (n-6) into hydroxy groups. In this case, the bond between the C-16 and C-17 carbon atoms is saturated. In alpha - linolenic acid (n-3), however, the bond between the C-16 and C-17 carbon atoms is unsaturated. It seems that enzymes of strain ALA2 oxidized the C-12-C-13 and C-16-C-17 double bonds into dihydroxy groups first and then converted them to hydroxy-THFAs. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Hosokawa, M AU - Hou, C T AU - Weisleder, D AD - National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1815 North University St., Peoria, IL 61604, houct@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 3868 EP - 3873 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 69 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - alpha -Linolenic acid KW - alpha -linolenic acid KW - tetrahydroxyfuranyl fatty acids KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - a-linolenic acid KW - ^a-linolenic acid KW - ^a-Linolenic acid KW - Mass spectroscopy KW - Gas chromatography KW - Clavibacter KW - Fatty acids KW - A 01014:Others KW - W2 32355:Lipids and sterols KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 320:Cell Culture & Batch Fermentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18939462?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Production+of+Novel+Tetrahydroxyfuranyl+Fatty+Acids+from+alpha+-Linolenic+Acid+by+Clavibacter+sp.+Strain+ALA2&rft.au=Hosokawa%2C+M%3BHou%2C+C+T%3BWeisleder%2C+D&rft.aulast=Hosokawa&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=3868&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.69.7.3868-3873.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clavibacter; Fatty acids; Gas chromatography; Mass spectroscopy DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.7.3868-3873.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reduction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella on Laboratory-Inoculated Alfalfa Seed with Commercial Citrus-Related Products AN - 18938429; 5728837 AB - Alfalfa sprouts contaminated with the bacterial pathogens Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella have been the source of numerous outbreaks of foodborne illness in the United States and in other countries. The seed used for sprouting appears to be the primary source of these pathogens. The aim of this study was to determine whether the efficacy of commercial citrus-related products for sanitizing sprouting seed is similar to that of high levels of chlorine. Five products (Citrex, Pangermex, Citricidal, Citrobio, and Environne) were tested at concentrations of up to 20,000 ppm in sterile tap water and compared with buffered chlorine (at 16,000 ppm). Alfalfa seeds were inoculated with four-strain cocktails of Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 to give final initial concentrations of ca. 9.0 and 7.0 CFU/g, respectively. Treatments (10 min) with Citrex, Pangermex, and Citricidal at 20,000 ppm and chlorine at 16,000 ppm produced similar log reductions for alfalfa seed inoculated with four-strain cocktails of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella (3.42 to 3.46 log CFU/g and 3.56 to 3.74 log CFU/g, respectively), and all four treatments were significantly (P < 0.05) more effective than the control treatment (a buffer wash). Citrobio at 20,000 ppm was as effective as the other three products and chlorine against Salmonella but not against E. coli O157:H7. Environne was not more effective (producing reductions of 2.2 to 2.9 log CFU/g) than the control treatment (which produced reductions of 2.1 to 2.3 log CFU/g) against either pathogen. None of the treatments reduced seed germination. In vitro assays, as well as transmission electron microscopy, confirmed the antibacterial nature of the products that were effective against the two pathogens and indicated that they were bactericidal. When used at 20,000 ppm, the effective citrus-related products may be viable alternatives to chlorine for the sanitization of sprouting seed pending regulatory approval. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Fett, W F AU - Cooke, PH AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 1158 EP - 1165 VL - 66 IS - 7 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Alfalfa KW - bactericides KW - food-borne diseases KW - outbreaks KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Citrus KW - Seeds KW - Products KW - Contamination KW - Transmission electron microscopy KW - Chlorine KW - Decontamination KW - Food contamination KW - Treatment KW - Concentration KW - Seed germination KW - Bactericides KW - Escherichia coli KW - Salmonella KW - Medicago sativa KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18938429?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Reduction+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+and+Salmonella+on+Laboratory-Inoculated+Alfalfa+Seed+with+Commercial+Citrus-Related+Products&rft.au=Fett%2C+W+F%3BCooke%2C+PH&rft.aulast=Fett&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1158&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Medicago sativa; Escherichia coli; Salmonella; Citrus; Food contamination; Decontamination; Concentration; Chlorine; Bactericides; Treatment; Seed germination; Transmission electron microscopy; Contamination; Products; Seeds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tropical and north Pacific teleconnections influence fire regimes in pine-dominated forests of north-eastern California, USA AN - 18912899; 5690724 AB - Aim To assess the importance of drought and teleconnections from the tropical and north Pacific Ocean on historical fire regimes and vegetation dynamics in north-eastern California. Location The 700 km super(2) study area was on the leeward slope of the southern Cascade Mountains in north-eastern California. Open forests of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa var. ponderosa Laws.) and Jeffrey pine (P. jeffreyi Grev. & Balf) surround a network of grass and shrub-dominated meadows that range in elevation from 1650 to 1750 m. Methods Fire regime characteristics (return interval, season and extent) were determined from crossdated fire scars and were compared with tree-ring based reconstructions of precipitation and temperature and teleconnections for the period 1700-1849. The effect of drought on fire regimes was determined using a tree-ring based proxy of climate from five published chronologies. The number of forest-meadow units that burned was compared with published reconstructions of the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Results Landscape scale fires burned every 7-49 years in meadow-edge forests and were influenced by variation in drought, the PDO and ENSO. These widespread fires burned during years that were dryer and warmer than normal that followed wetter and cooler years. Less widespread fires were not associated with this wet, then dry climate pattern. Widespread fires occurred during El Nino years, but fire extent was mediated by the phase of the PDO. Fires were most widespread when the PDO was in a warm or normal phase. Fire return intervals, season and extent varied at decadal to multi-decadal time scales. In particular, an anomalously cool, wet period during the early 1800s resulted in widespread fires that occurred earlier in the year than fires before or after. Main conclusions Fire regimes in north-eastern California were strongly influenced by regional and hemispheric-scale climate variation. Fire regimes responded to variation that occurred in both the north and tropical Pacific. Near normal modes of the PDO may influence fire regimes more than extreme conditions. The prevalence of widespread teleconnection-driven fires in the historic record suggests that variation in the Pacific Ocean was a key regulator of fire regimes through its influence on local fuel production and successional dynamics in north-eastern California. JF - Journal of Biogeography AU - Norman, S P AU - Taylor, AH AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Redwood Sciences Laboratory, 1700 Bayview Dr. Arcata, CA, USA, stevenorman@psualum.com Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 1081 EP - 1092 VL - 30 IS - 7 SN - 0305-0270, 0305-0270 KW - Forests KW - Jeffrey PIne KW - Ponderosa pine KW - teleconnections KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Marine KW - M2 551.513:General Circulation (551.513) KW - Q2 02244:Air-sea coupling KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18912899?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biogeography&rft.atitle=Tropical+and+north+Pacific+teleconnections+influence+fire+regimes+in+pine-dominated+forests+of+north-eastern+California%2C+USA&rft.au=Norman%2C+S+P%3BTaylor%2C+AH&rft.aulast=Norman&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1081&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biogeography&rft.issn=03050270&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Composition, Structure, and Tree Reproduction at White Pine Hollow, Iowa, USA: A Remnant Old-Growth Forest AN - 18885764; 5742763 AB - A relict population of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) occurs at White Pine Hollow State Preserve in northeastern Iowa, USA. White pine was not self-replacing in our study plots here, and without disturbances that alter the successional trend the species will eventually disappear from the flat to rolling uplands where most pines currently occur. Some natural pine reproduction occurs on steep slopes. Live tree density was 967 trees ha super(-1), and mean basal area was 34 m super(2) ha super(-1). Basal area was significantly greater on plots with white pine. Without recruitment of pine into the overstory, these plots will experience declines in basal area. The diameter distribution of all live trees had a negative exponential shape. However, the distributions for white pine, white oak (Quercus alba L.), and northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) were unimodal, with no or few trees in the smaller size classes. Compared to a previous study at White Pine Hollow, there has been a dramatic decrease in the density of white pine and white oak trees, and an increase in sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.). Mean density of standing dead trees was 95 trees ha super(-1) with basal area 4 m super(2) ha super(-1). Overall, the number of standing dead trees by diameter class was 10% that of live trees, but this relationship did not hold true for individual species. For white pine and the oaks, the ratio of dead to live trees was much greater than the average for all species combined. The mean volume of downed wood was 66 m super(3) ha super(-1). JF - Natural Areas Journal AU - Roovers, L M AU - Shifley AD - North Central Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 202 Anheuser-Busch, Natural Resources Bldg., University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211-7260 USA, sshifley@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 238 EP - 246 VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 0885-8608, 0885-8608 KW - Eastern white pine KW - Northern red oak KW - Sugar maple KW - White oak KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18885764?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Areas+Journal&rft.atitle=Composition%2C+Structure%2C+and+Tree+Reproduction+at+White+Pine+Hollow%2C+Iowa%2C+USA%3A+A+Remnant+Old-Growth+Forest&rft.au=Roovers%2C+L+M%3BShifley&rft.aulast=Roovers&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=238&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Areas+Journal&rft.issn=08858608&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tolerance to Stress and Ability of Acid-Adapted and Non-Acid-Adapted Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium DT104 To Invade and Survive in Mammalian Cells In Vitro AN - 18877517; 5728831 AB - The ability of acid-adapted (AA) and non-acid-adapted (NA) Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium definitive type 104 (DT104) strains to invade and multiply in mammalian cells in vitro and to survive stress conditions was examined. DT104 and non-DT104 strains were grown in tryptic soy broth without glucose (NA) or in tryptic soy broth containing 1% glucose (AA) for 18 h at 37 degree C. The invasiveness of DT104 strains in J774A. 1 macrophage and Int407 intestinal cell lines was not more extensive than that of non-DT104 strains. In most cases, AA bacteria were less invasive than NA bacteria in both cell lines. Confocal microscopy showed that both DT104 and non-DT104 strains replicated in the two cell lines. In related studies, the survival levels of three strains of AA and NA DT104 and a non-DT104 (LT2) strain in 150 and 15 mM H sub(2)O sub(2), 170 and 43 mM acetic acid, 2.6 M NaCl, 2.6 M NaCl containing 170 mM acetic acid, synthetic gastric fluid (SGF) at pH 2 and pH 3, and apple cider were compared. For all four strains, acid adaptation did not result in increased survival in apple cider. After 15 days of storage at 4 degree C, reductions ranged from 1.96 to 4.1 log sub(10) CFU/ml for AA bacteria and from 0.48 to 1.34 log sub(10) CFU/ml for NA bacteria from a starting level of ca. 7.00 log sub(10) CFU/ml of cider. Neither AA nor NA DT104 strains were more resistant to NaCl, acetic acid, H sub(2)O sub(2), or SGF solutions than non-DT104 strain LT2. The level of AA bacteria was not appreciably reduced after exposure to SGF; however, the level of NA bacteria decreased to nondetectable levels in SGF at pH 2 within 3 h of exposure. These results indicate that the DT104 strains examined were not more invasive, nor did they display increased survival in mammalian cells or increased resistance to food environment stresses compared with non-DT104 strains. However, acid adaptation resulted in increased resistance to a low-pH gastric environment for all strains tested. These data indicate that DT104 strains are likely not more virulent or resistant to stresses relevant to foods than are non-DT104 Salmonella and that procedures used to inactivate or inhibit the growth of Salmonella in foods are likely adequate for DT104 strains. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Fratamico, P M AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 1115 EP - 1125 VL - 66 IS - 7 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02846:Gastrointestinal tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18877517?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Tolerance+to+Stress+and+Ability+of+Acid-Adapted+and+Non-Acid-Adapted+Salmonella+enterica+Serovar+Typhimurium+DT104+To+Invade+and+Survive+in+Mammalian+Cells+In+Vitro&rft.au=Fratamico%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Fratamico&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Role of Gastric Acid in Preventing Foodborne Disease and How Bacteria Overcome Acid Conditions AN - 18875300; 5729000 AB - The secretion of hydrochloric acid by the stomach plays an important role in protecting the body against pathogens ingested with food or water. A gastric fluid pH of 1 to 2 is deleterious to many microbial pathogens; however, the neutralization of gastric acid by antacids or the inhibition of acid secretion by various drugs may increase the risk of food- or waterborne illnesses. Peptic ulcer disease is often treated by decreasing or eliminating gastric acid secretion, and such treatment blocks the protective antibacterial action of gastric fluid. The majority of peptic ulcer disease cases originate from Helicobacter pylori infections. Treatment of H. pylori-induced peptic ulcers with antibiotics reduces the need for drugs that inhibit gastric acid secretion and thereby diminishes the risk of food- and waterborne illness for peptic ulcer disease patients. Many bacterial pathogens, such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, and H. pylori, can circumvent the acid conditions of the stomach by developing adaptive mechanisms that allow these bacteria to survive in acid environments. As a consequence, these bacteria can survive acidic stomach conditions and pass into the intestinal tract, where they can induce gastroenteritis. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Smith, J L AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 1292 EP - 1303 VL - 66 IS - 7 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02848:Nervous system UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18875300?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=The+Role+of+Gastric+Acid+in+Preventing+Foodborne+Disease+and+How+Bacteria+Overcome+Acid+Conditions&rft.au=Smith%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1292&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Olfactometric Evaluation of Spatial Repellents for Aedes aegypti AN - 18869780; 5694601 AB - The spatial repellency responses of Aedes aegypti (L.) to DEET, dehydrolinalool and linalool were evaluated using a dual port olfactometer. In the absence of human attractant mixture, each of the three chemicals resulted in activation and/or orientation of mosquitoes to the chemical source. Linalool was the most attractive compound. In the presence of human attractant mixture, activation and/or orientation of mosquitoes to each of the three chemicals was reduced. We compared reductions in mosquito responses to each of the three chemicals, in the presence of human attractant mixture, to estimate spatial repellency. As expected, lowest spatial repellency (7.3%) was observed using human attractant alone. Highest spatial repellency (33.6%) was observed using a combination of linalool and dehydrolinalool. DEET did not manifest spatial repellency, whereas linalool and dehydrolinalool alone, and in combination, exhibited spatial repellency. JF - Journal of Medical Entomology AU - Kline, D L AU - Bernier, U R AU - Posey, KH AU - Barnard Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - July 2003 SP - 463 EP - 467 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 40 IS - 4 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Attractants KW - Culicidae KW - Diptera KW - Human attractant mixture KW - Mosquitoes KW - Olfactometers KW - Yellow fever mosquito KW - dehydrolinalool KW - linalool KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - olfactometer KW - inhibition KW - deet KW - Biological vectors KW - Aedes aegypti KW - Human diseases KW - Disease control KW - Measuring devices KW - Pest control KW - Orienting response KW - Chemical compounds KW - Orientation behaviour KW - Chemoreception KW - Chemical stimuli KW - Insecticides KW - Viral diseases KW - Repellents KW - Aquatic insects KW - Olfaction KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - R 18053:Pest control KW - Y 25883:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18869780?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.atitle=Olfactometric+Evaluation+of+Spatial+Repellents+for+Aedes+aegypti&rft.au=Kline%2C+D+L%3BBernier%2C+U+R%3BPosey%2C+KH%3BBarnard&rft.aulast=Kline&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=463&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-2585%282003%29040%280463%3AOEOSRF%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological vectors; Human diseases; Disease control; Measuring devices; Pest control; Chemical compounds; Orientation behaviour; Chemoreception; Chemical stimuli; Insecticides; Viral diseases; Repellents; Aquatic insects; Olfaction; Attractants; Orienting response; Aedes aegypti; Culicidae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-2585(2003)040(0463:OEOSRF)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adenovirus-Mediated Type I Interferon Expression Delays and Reduces Disease Signs in Cattle Challenged with Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus AN - 18867241; 5719442 AB - Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an economically important disease of livestock. Eliminating FMD outbreaks in previously disease-free countries often relies on restriction of animal movement and massive slaughter of infected and in-contact susceptible animals. To develop a more effective and humane FMD control strategy, we explored the possibility of using type I interferon (IFN- alpha / beta ) as a novel anti-FMD agent. We have demonstrated previously that swine inoculated with replication-defective human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) vector expressing porcine IFN- alpha (Ad5-PoIFN- alpha ) were completely protected from FMD virus (FMDV) challenge. To extend this approach to bovines, we constructed Ad5 vectors that express bovine IFN- alpha or IFN- beta (Ad5-BoIFN- alpha and Ad5-BoIFN- beta ). Cells infected with these viruses produced high levels of biologically active BoIFN- alpha / beta , but despite expression in vitro, no detectable IFN-induced biologic activity was found in cattle inoculated with Ad5-BoIFN- alpha . Because PoIFN- alpha inhibits FMDV replication in bovine cells, we evaluated the potential use of PoIFN- alpha against FMD in cattle. In cattle inoculated with Ad5-PoIFN- alpha , the appearance of vesicles was delayed after challenge with FMDV and disease was less severe than in control animals. One Ad5-PoIFN- alpha -inoculated animal never developed clinical disease. Similarly, although all the Ad5-PoIFN- alpha -inoculated animals developed viremia, it was delayed for 1 day as compared with the control group. These results suggest that in vivo expression of PoIFN- alpha partially protected cattle from FMD. JF - Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research AU - Wu, Qiaohua AU - Brum, MCS AU - Caron, L AU - Koster, M AU - Grubman, MJ AD - Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY 11944, USA, mgrubman@piadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 359 EP - 368 VL - 23 IS - 7 SN - 1079-9907, 1079-9907 KW - cattle KW - pigs KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W2 32415:Veterinary Medicine: Therapy KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - V 22095:Interferon UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18867241?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Interferon+%26+Cytokine+Research&rft.atitle=Adenovirus-Mediated+Type+I+Interferon+Expression+Delays+and+Reduces+Disease+Signs+in+Cattle+Challenged+with+Foot-and-Mouth+Disease+Virus&rft.au=Wu%2C+Qiaohua%3BBrum%2C+MCS%3BCaron%2C+L%3BKoster%2C+M%3BGrubman%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Wu&rft.aufirst=Qiaohua&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=359&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Interferon+%26+Cytokine+Research&rft.issn=10799907&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of Rhizopus oryzae Pyruvate Decarboxylase Genes AN - 18864045; 5678016 AB - Two pyruvate decarboxylase genes, pdcA, and pdcB, were cloned from Rhizopus oryzae. These genes are similar to each other with approximately 85% nucleotide sequence identity within the coding region. Multiple transcriptional start sites and polyadenylation sites were found for both genes. The deduced translation product of each gene results in a 561 amino acid protein with approximate molecular weight of 61 kDa each. The amino acid identity between the two proteins was 91% as calculated by Lipmann-Pearson comparisons. Transcriptional control appears to be important in regulation of the PDC, since much of the transcript accumulation parallels enzymatic activity. There was no detectable pdc transcript from cultures grown in glycerol-containing medium. Induction of transcription for pdcA and pdcB was initiated within 1.5 h of adding glucose to the culture. Shifting the aerobically grown cultures to anoxic conditions at this time resulted in enhanced pdc transcription, PDC enzymatic activity, and ethanol production, compared to cultures with continued aerobic growth. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Skory, C D AD - Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 59 EP - 64 PB - Springer-Verlag, [URL:http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00284/bibs/3047 001/30470059.htm] VL - 47 IS - 1 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - cloning KW - ethanol KW - nucleotide sequence KW - pdcA gene KW - pdcB gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18864045?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Induction+of+Rhizopus+oryzae+Pyruvate+Decarboxylase+Genes&rft.au=Skory%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Skory&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00284-002-3933-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00284-002-3933-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Composition and distribution of Pythium communities in wheat fields in eastern Washington State AN - 18824105; 5706001 AB - Pythium spp. were isolated from a mixture of soil and roots collected from 80 wheat fields in eastern Washington in the summer of 2000 from an area encompassing approximately 27,000 km super(2). These sites covered a range of soil textures (coarse to fine, silty loess), average annual precipitation (200 to 600 mm), and average annual temperatures (7 to 11 degree C). Soil type and annual precipitation run in an east-west gradient, while temperature has a north-south gradient. Species were identified using classical methods and by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-1 region of the rDNA and comparing these sequences to a database from a worldwide collection of Pythium spp. The species with the highest frequency of occurrence among all the sites were P. abappressorium sp. nov. (A) (50%), P. rostratum (R) (40%), P. debaryanum (D) (37.5%), P. heterothallicum (H) (33.7%), P. oligandrum (O) (31.2%), an unidentified P. sp. (aff. echinulatum) (E) (25%), and P. ultimum (U) (18%). P. intermedium, P. irregulare, P. paroecandrum, P. sylvaticum, P. dissimile, and P. dissoticum were isolated at a low frequency. From one to six species were isolated at each site, and there were 46 different species combinations detected. The species presence/absence data from all sites were analyzed with Jaccard's similarity coefficient hierarchical cluster analysis. Six communities were identified (species within each community designation in order of frequency among the sites within the community)-AD, AOU, AR, DEH, HE, and RU. In general, P. abappressorium was evenly distributed over all zones. AOU was more prevalent in zones with lower precipitation and coarser soil, while DEH and HE were associated with zones with higher precipitation and finer-textured soils on the basis of comparison of frequency distributions with the expected distribution over all the sites. The RU community was more prevalent in higher temperature zones. Canonical correspondence analysis was performed to examine the relationship between species and environmental variables. Soil type and precipitation were highly correlated with each other and with axis 1, which separated P. ultimum and P. abappressorium (lower variable values) from P. heterothallicum (higher variable values). Axis 2 and 3 were most correlated with temperature, and these axes separated P. oligandrum (higher value) from P. debaryanum (lower value) and P. ultimum-P. rostratum from the other species. The results suggest that Pythium species composition, distributions, and associations on a given crop may be influenced by environmental factors at a mesoscale level (100 to 1,000,000 ha). JF - Phytopathology AU - Paulitz, T C AU - Adams, K AD - USDA-ARS, Root Disease and Biological Control Lab, Washington State University, Pullman 99164-6430, USA, paulitz@wsu.edu Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 867 EP - 873 VL - 93 IS - 7 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - USA, Washington KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18824105?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Composition+and+distribution+of+Pythium+communities+in+wheat+fields+in+eastern+Washington+State&rft.au=Paulitz%2C+T+C%3BAdams%2C+K&rft.aulast=Paulitz&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=867&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Climatic and biophysical controls on conifer species distributions in mountain forests of Washington State, USA AN - 18819001; 5690725 AB - Aim The purpose of this study was to quantify relationships between conifer species distributions and climatic and biophysical variables, in order to provide better insight into the potential for redistribution of species on the landscape in response to climatic change. Location Data are from 10,653 georeferenced sites in Washington State, USA, along a longitudinal gradient from west of the crest of the Cascade Range to the beginnings of the western slope of the Rocky Mountains, and across two physiographic provinces, the Northern Cascades, characterized by steep, rugged topography, and the Okanogan Highlands, presenting moderate slopes and broad rounded summits. Methods Tree data were drawn from the USDA Forest Service Area Ecology Program database, collected in mature, undisturbed stands. We compared simple climatic variables (annual temperature, growing-degree days, annual and seasonal precipitation) to biophysical variables (soil, hydrologic, and solar radiation) derived from climatic variables. Climatic and biophysical variables were taken from the output of climatological and hydrological simulation models and estimated for each plot in the tree database. Generalized linear models were used, for each of fourteen tree species, at multiple spatial extents, to estimate the probability of occurrence of that species as a function of climatic and biophysical predictors. Models were validated by a combination of bootstrapping and estimating receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results For the majority of species, we were able to fit variables representing both moisture and temperature gradients, and in all but a few cases these models identified a unimodal response of species occurrence to these gradients. In some cases the ecological/environmental niche of a species had been clearly captured by the model, whereas in others a longer gradient in the predictor variable(s) would be needed. Responses of most species were consistent across three spatial scales. Main conclusions By identifying the ecological niches of multiple species, we can forecast their redistribution on the landscape in response to climatic change, evaluate the predictions of simulation models, and alert managers to particularly sensitive or vulnerable ecosystems and landscapes. JF - Journal of Biogeography AU - McKenzie, D AU - Peterson, D W AU - Peterson, D L AU - Thornton, P E AD - Seattle Forestry Sciences Lab, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 400 North 34th Street, Suite 201 Seattle, WA 98103, USA, donaldmckenzie@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 1093 EP - 1108 VL - 30 IS - 7 SN - 0305-0270, 0305-0270 KW - Forests KW - Models KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04635:Conifers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18819001?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biogeography&rft.atitle=Climatic+and+biophysical+controls+on+conifer+species+distributions+in+mountain+forests+of+Washington+State%2C+USA&rft.au=McKenzie%2C+D%3BPeterson%2C+D+W%3BPeterson%2C+D+L%3BThornton%2C+P+E&rft.aulast=McKenzie&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1093&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biogeography&rft.issn=03050270&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Male-Biased Sex Ratios in Glyptapanteles flavicoxis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a Parasitoid of the Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) AN - 18818181; 5694485 AB - Male-biased sex ratios in populations of parasitic wasps used in biological control are undesirable, because a low proportion of females can prevent the establishment of introduced species or hinder commercial production of species used for augmentative control. Studies were conducted on potential factors contributing to male-biased sex ratios that have been encountered in laboratory rearings of the braconid endoparasitoid Glyptapanteles flavicoxis (Marsh) using the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), as a host. Sex determination in this wasp is arrhenotokous (haplodiploid). In the first experiment, we stored adults at 13 or 16 degree C and allowed them to mate at 20 or 25 degree C and found that sex ratios (expressed as percentage females) did not differ among progeny of parents; many females produced all male progeny, suggesting that they had not been fertilized. In the second experiment, females were exposed to hosts soon (0-60 min) after mating or 23-25 h later. Sex ratios were higher (less male-biased) in progenies of females provided with the rest period than in those which were not. In a third experiment, females were allowed to mate from one to four times with a given male. Although differences between these groupings were not statistically significant, the data suggested that more than two matings might depress sex ratios of progeny. An alternative analysis with only two groupings (1-2 matings and 3-4 matings) suggested that more than two matings might increase male bias of progeny. Therefore, we suggest that matings of this species be monitored in sleeve cages so that paired females can be removed and separated after copulation to diminish the likelihood of excessive matings, then given a rest period before they are offered hosts for parasitization. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Fuester, R W AU - Swan, K S AU - Dunning, K AU - Taylor, P B AU - Ramaseshiah, G Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 553 EP - 559 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 96 IS - 4 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Braconid wasps KW - Gypsy Moth KW - Hymenoptera KW - Lepidoptera KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18818181?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Male-Biased+Sex+Ratios+in+Glyptapanteles+flavicoxis+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Braconidae%29%2C+a+Parasitoid+of+the+Gypsy+Moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lymantriidae%29&rft.au=Fuester%2C+R+W%3BSwan%2C+K+S%3BDunning%2C+K%3BTaylor%2C+P+B%3BRamaseshiah%2C+G&rft.aulast=Fuester&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=553&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0013-8746%282003%29096%280553%3AMSRIGF%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0013-8746&volume=96&page=553 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0013-8746(2003)096(0553:MSRIGF)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparison of taiga flora in north-eastern Russia and Alaska/Yukon AN - 18812531; 5690726 AB - Aim To understand the similarities and differences between the taiga floras of far north-eastern Asia and north-western North America in the light of their Tertiary and Quaternary histories. Does the taiga flora follow the tundra pattern (Asian-American commonality of species as a result of continuity through the Quaternary), the temperate forest pattern (distinct species because of late Tertiary disjunction), a combination of these two patterns, or some pattern unique to the taiga? Location The taiga regions of interior Alaska and the Yukon in North America (the `Alaskan taiga'), and the Kolyma and eastern Indigirka River basins in Russia (the `Kolyma taiga'). The study areas include both forested and unforested habitats below elevational treeline. The two regions have similar climate and topography and were linked via the Bering Land Bridge in the Tertiary and for several extended periods during Quaternary cold periods. Methods Systematic comparison of the vascular floras of the two regions from published sources; and review of palaeoecological literature for the region. Results Of the 796 species found in the study areas, 27% occur only in the Alaskan taiga, 35% occur only in the Kolyma taiga, and 38% occur in both the regions. The following subsets of species show a high proportion of species in common between the study areas (subsets are not mutually exclusive): plants that occur on the tundra and the taiga, non-flowering plants, abundant taiga understory plants, and wetland and aquatic plants. A lower proportion of shared plants was noted for warm, south-facing steppe communities. No tree species are common to both areas. Main conclusions The Bering Strait region in the Quaternary has acted as a biogeographical filter for taiga plants. Significant divergence between northeast Asia and northwest North America has developed among the more southerly ranging fraction of the flora (e.g. trees), while the more cosmopolitan and the most cold-adapted elements of the taiga flora are common to both areas. Many plants in the former group have been disjunct between Asia and North America for millions of years, while many plants in the latter group have probably maintained continuity between the study areas via the Bering Land Bridge through much of the late Tertiary and Quaternary periods. Repeated extirpation of the less cold-adapted species from both study areas during Pleistocene cold periods has probably enhanced floristic differences between the two regions. JF - Journal of Biogeography AU - Swanson, D K AD - USDA Forest Service, PO Box 907, Baker City, OR 97814, USA, dkswanson@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 1109 EP - 1121 VL - 30 IS - 7 SN - 0305-0270, 0305-0270 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04140:Taiga/tundra UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18812531?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biogeography&rft.atitle=A+comparison+of+taiga+flora+in+north-eastern+Russia+and+Alaska%2FYukon&rft.au=Swanson%2C+D+K&rft.aulast=Swanson&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biogeography&rft.issn=03050270&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chlorine Inactivation of Adenovirus Type 40 and Feline Calicivirus AN - 18811400; 5680269 AB - Ct values, the concentration of free chlorine multiplied by time of contact with virus, were determined for free-chlorine inactivation experiments carried out with chloroform-extracted (dispersed) and non-chloroform-extracted (aggregated) feline calicivirus (FCV), adenovirus type 40 (AD40), and polio virus type 1 (PV-1). Experiments were carried out with high and low pH and temperature conditions. Ct values were calculated directly from bench-scale free-chlorine inactivation experiments and from application of the efficiency factor Hom model. For each experimental condition, Ct values were higher at pH 8 than at pH 6, higher at 5 degree C than at 15 degree C, and higher for dispersed AD40 (dAD40) than for dispersed FCV (dFCV). dFCV and dAD40 were more sensitive to free chlorine than dispersed PV-1 (dPV-1). Cts for 2 log inactivation of aggregated FCV (aFCV) and aggregated PV-1 (aPV-1) were 31.0 and 2.8 orders of magnitude higher than those calculated from experiments carried out with dispersed virus. Cts for 2 log inactivation of dFCV and dAD40 in treated groundwater at 15 degree C were 1.2 and 13.7 times greater than in buffered-demand- free (BDF) water experiments at 5 degree C. Ct values listed in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Guidance Manual were close to, or lower than, Ct values generated for experiments conducted with dispersed and aggregated viruses suspended in BDF water and for dispersed viruses suspended in treated groundwater. Since the state of viruses in water is most likely to be aggregated and associated with organic or inorganic matter, reevaluation of the EPA Guidance Manual Ct values is necessary, since they would not be useful for ensuring inactivation of viruses in these states. Under the tested conditions, dAD40, dFCV, aFCV, dPV-1, and aPV-1 particles would be inactivated by commonly used free chlorine concentrations (1 mg/liter) and contact times (60 to 237 min) applied for drinking water treatment in the United States. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Thurston-Enriquez, JA AU - Haas, C N AU - Jacangelo, J AU - Gerba, C P AD - USDA-ARS, 120 Keim Hall, University of Nebraska East Campus, Lincoln, NE 68583-0934, jthurston2@unl.edu Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 3979 EP - 3985 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 69 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01108:Other water systems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18811400?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Chlorine+Inactivation+of+Adenovirus+Type+40+and+Feline+Calicivirus&rft.au=Thurston-Enriquez%2C+JA%3BHaas%2C+C+N%3BJacangelo%2C+J%3BGerba%2C+C+P&rft.aulast=Thurston-Enriquez&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=3979&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.69.7.3979-3985.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.7.3979-3985.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sequence of the Escherichia coli O121 O-Antigen Gene Cluster and Detection of Enterohemorrhagic E. coli O121 by PCR Amplification of the wzx and wzy Genes AN - 18809510; 5684620 AB - The DNA sequence of the 15,155-bp O-antigen gene cluster of Escherichia coli O121 was determined, and 14 open reading frames were identified (all had the same transcriptional direction). Analyses of results indicated that the wzx (O-antigen flippase) and wzy (O-antigen polymerase) genes were E. coli O121 specific, so regions in these two genes were chosen for development of PCR assays. The PCR assays using DNA from 99 E. coli O121 strains, strains representative of non-O121 E. coli serogroups, and strains of other bacterial genera and PCR assays using DNA from seven enrichments of swine fecal samples naturally contaminated with E. coli O121 showed specificity for E. coli O121. Thus, the PCR assay can be employed to reliably identify E. coli O121 and to potentially detect the organism in food, fecal, and environmental samples. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Fratamico, P M AU - Briggs, CE AU - Needle, D AU - Chen, C AU - DebRoy, C AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Ln., Wyndmoor, PA 19038, pfratamico@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 3379 EP - 3383 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 41 IS - 7 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - double prime O antigen KW - nucleotide sequence KW - wzx gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18809510?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Sequence+of+the+Escherichia+coli+O121+O-Antigen+Gene+Cluster+and+Detection+of+Enterohemorrhagic+E.+coli+O121+by+PCR+Amplification+of+the+wzx+and+wzy+Genes&rft.au=Fratamico%2C+P+M%3BBriggs%2C+CE%3BNeedle%2C+D%3BChen%2C+C%3BDebRoy%2C+C&rft.aulast=Fratamico&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=3379&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.41.7.3379-3383.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.7.3379-3383.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Physiologic Specialization of Puccinia triticina on Wheat in the United States in 2001 AN - 18808972; 5674133 AB - Collections of Puccinia triticina were obtained from rust-infected wheat leaves by cooperators throughout the United States and from surveys of wheat fields and nurseries in the Great Plains, Ohio Valley, Gulf Coast, California, Pacific Northwest, and Atlantic Coast States in order to determine the virulence of the wheat leaf rust fungus in 2001. Single uredinial isolates (477 in total) were derived from the wheat leaf rust collections and tested for virulence phenotype on lines of Thatcher wheat that are near-isogenic for leaf rust resistance genes Lr1, Lr2a, Lr2c, Lr3, Lr9, Lr16, Lr24, Lr26, Lr3ka, Lr11, Lr17, Lr30, LrB, Lr10, Lr14a, and Lr18. The isolates also were tested for virulence on adult plants with leaf rust resistance genes Lr12, Lr13, Lr22a, Lr22b, Lr34, Lr35, and Lr37. In the United States in 2001, 44 virulence phenotypes of P. triticina were found. Virulence phenotype MBDS, which is virulent to resistance gene Lr17, was the most common phenotype in the United States. MBDS was found in the Southeast, Great Plains, and Ohio Valley regions. Virulence phenotype THBJ, which is virulent to Lr16 and Lr26, was the second most common phenotype, and occurred almost exclusively in the north-central Great Plains region. Phenotype MCDS, which is virulent to Lr17 and Lr26, was the third most common phenotype and was found primarily in the Southeast, Ohio Valley, and Great Plains regions. The Southeast and Ohio Valley regions differed from the Great Plains region for predominant virulence phenotypes, which indicate that populations of P. triticina in those areas are not closely connected. The northern and southern areas of the Great Plains region differed for phenotypes with virulence to Lr16; however, the two areas had other phenotypes in common. Virulence to the adult plant resistance genes Lr35 and Lr37 was detected for the first time in North America in the MBDS, MCJS, and MCDS phenotypes. JF - Plant Disease AU - Kolmer, JA AU - Long, D L AU - Kosman, E AU - Hughes, ME AD - USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA, jkolmer@umn.edu Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 859 EP - 866 VL - 87 IS - 7 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18808972?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Physiologic+Specialization+of+Puccinia+triticina+on+Wheat+in+the+United+States+in+2001&rft.au=Kolmer%2C+JA%3BLong%2C+D+L%3BKosman%2C+E%3BHughes%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Kolmer&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=859&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis To Characterize the Heterogeneity and Clonality of Salmonella Isolates Obtained from the Carcasses and Feces of Swine at Slaughter AN - 18808760; 5680283 AB - Salmonella enterica isolates were recovered from swine at a collaborating processing plant over a 2-month period in the spring of 2000. In the present study, molecular subtyping by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed on the 581 confirmed Salmonella isolates from the 84 Salmonella-positive samples obtained from the previous study. A total of 32 different PFGE pulsotypes were observed visually, and a BioNumerics software analysis clustered those pulsotypes into 12 PFGE groups. The B, F, and G groups predominated throughout the sampling period and were isolated from 39, 22, and 13% of the swine, respectively. In addition, multiple isolates were obtained from 67 of the 84 Salmonella-positive samples, and subtyping revealed multiple PFGE profiles in 35 of these 67 (62%) samples. Both carcass and fecal isolates of Salmonella were recovered from 13 swine, resulting in "matched" samples. Molecular typing of the 252 isolates recovered from the matched samples revealed that 7 (54%) of the 13 carcasses were contaminated with Salmonella pulsotypes that were not isolated from the feces of the same animal. Conversely, from 6 of the 13 (46%) matched animals, Salmonella clonal types were isolated from the feces that were not isolated from the carcass of the same animal. These data establish that each lot of swine introduces new contaminants into the plant environment and that swine feces from one animal can contaminate many carcasses. In addition, these results indicate that the examination of multiple Salmonella isolates from positive samples is necessary to determine the variety of potential contaminants of swine carcasses during slaughter and processing. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Wonderling, L AU - Pearce, R AU - Wallace, F M AU - Call, JE AU - Feder, I AU - Tamplin, M AU - Luchansky, J B AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 E. Mermaid La., Wyndmoor, PA 19038, jluchansky@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 4177 EP - 4182 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 69 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18808760?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Use+of+Pulsed-Field+Gel+Electrophoresis+To+Characterize+the+Heterogeneity+and+Clonality+of+Salmonella+Isolates+Obtained+from+the+Carcasses+and+Feces+of+Swine+at+Slaughter&rft.au=Wonderling%2C+L%3BPearce%2C+R%3BWallace%2C+F+M%3BCall%2C+JE%3BFeder%2C+I%3BTamplin%2C+M%3BLuchansky%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Wonderling&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=4177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.69.7.4177-4182.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.7.4177-4182.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fire Blight Management in the Twenty-first Century: Using New Technologies that Enhance Host Resistance in Apple AN - 18806597; 5674117 AB - Fire blight has been known as a destructive disease of apple and pear for over 200 years. The disease is caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora, which is capable of infecting blossoms, fruits, vegetative shoots, woody tissues, and rootstock crowns. There are several distinct phases of the disease including blossom blight, shoot blight, and rootstock blight. The diversity of host tissues susceptible to infection, combined with the limited number of management tools available to control the disease, has made it difficult to stop or slow the progress of fire blight epidemics. Effective management of fire blight requires an integrated approach of several practices that are aimed at (i) reducing the amount of inoculum that is available to initiate new infections, (ii) imposing barriers to successful establishment of the pathogen on the host, and (iii) reducing host susceptibility to infection. Most fire blight management strategies developed during the twentieth century focused on the reduction of inoculum in the orchard and the use of antimicrobial treatments to prevent infection. Although increasing host resistance has been recognized as an important component of fire blight management, its application has been limited by a lack of resistant cultivars suited to commercial needs and by a lack of management practices that could effectively increase resistance. Recent advances have made it feasible to change this paradigm in the twenty-first century. First, apple rootstock breeding programs have developed size-controlling (often dwarfing) rootstocks that are resistant to fire blight and are currently becoming available for commercial use. Second, genetic engineering of commercial apple cultivars for increased fire blight resistance has been demonstrated, and transgenic apple plants are now undergoing field trials. Third, chemical treatments that enhance host resistance have been demonstrated to be useful in the control of fire blight. Although these technologies are at the early stages of development and are either not available or not proven in the marketplace, incorporating the use of host resistance into fire blight management strategies has become a realistic goal in the twenty-first century. This article describes recent progress in the development of new fire blight control technologies that enhance host resistance by chemical or genetic means. JF - Plant Disease AU - Norelli, J L AU - Jones, AL AU - Aldwinckle, H S AD - USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA, jnorelli@afrs.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 756 EP - 765 VL - 87 IS - 7 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - apple KW - fire blight KW - pear KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18806597?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Fire+Blight+Management+in+the+Twenty-first+Century%3A+Using+New+Technologies+that+Enhance+Host+Resistance+in+Apple&rft.au=Norelli%2C+J+L%3BJones%2C+AL%3BAldwinckle%2C+H+S&rft.aulast=Norelli&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=756&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation of Tetracycline-Resistant Megasphaera elsdenii Strains with Novel Mosaic Gene Combinations of tet(O) and tet(W) from Swine AN - 18803890; 5680261 AB - Anaerobic bacteria insensitive to chlortetracycline (64 to 256 mu g/ml) were isolated from cecal contents and cecal tissues of swine fed or not fed chlortetracycline. A nutritionally complex, rumen fluid-based medium was used for culturing the bacteria. Eight of 84 isolates from seven different animals were identified as Megasphaera elsdenii strains based on their large-coccus morphology, rapid growth on lactate, and 16S ribosomal DNA sequence similarities with M. elsdenii LC-1 super(T). All eight strains had tetracycline MICs of between 128 and 256 mu g/ml. Based on PCR assays differentiating 14 tet classes, the strains gave a positive reaction for the tet(O) gene. By contrast, three ruminant M. elsdenii strains recovered from 30-year-old culture stocks had tetracycline MICs of 4 mu g/ml and did not contain tet genes. The tet genes of two tetracycline-resistant M. elsdenii strains were amplified and cloned. Both genes bestowed tetracycline resistance (MIC = 32 to 64 mu g/ml) on recombinant Escherichia coli strains. Sequence analysis revealed that the M. elsdenii genes represent two different mosaic genes formed by interclass (double-crossover) recombination events involving tet(O) and tet(W). One or the other genotype was present in each of the eight tetracycline-resistant M. elsdenii strains isolated in these studies. These findings suggest a role for commensal bacteria not only in the preservation and dissemination of antibiotic resistance in the intestinal tract but also in the evolution of resistance. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Stanton, T B AU - Humphrey, S B AD - USDA, ARS, National Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, tstanton@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 3874 EP - 3882 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 69 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01064:Microbial resistance KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18803890?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Isolation+of+Tetracycline-Resistant+Megasphaera+elsdenii+Strains+with+Novel+Mosaic+Gene+Combinations+of+tet%28O%29+and+tet%28W%29+from+Swine&rft.au=Stanton%2C+T+B%3BHumphrey%2C+S+B&rft.aulast=Stanton&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=3874&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.69.7.3874-3882.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.7.3874-3882.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survivability and long-term preservation of bacteria in water and in phosphate-buffered saline AN - 18800836; 5662811 AB - To evaluate the suitability of using sterile water and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for preservation of bacteria pathogenic to plants or humans. The stationary-phase bacterial cells collected from rich agar media were transferred to 10 ml of sterile water or PBS (pH 7.2) containing KH sub(2)PO sub(4), 15.44 mu m; NaCl, 1.55 mm; Na sub(2)HPO sub(4), 27.09 mu m in a screw-cap tube. The tubes were sealed with parafilm membranes and stored in the dark and at room temperature. Almost all the bacteria tested (148 strains), including Pseudomonas fluorescens, P. viridiflava, Erwinia spp., Xanthomonas campestris, Cytophaga johnsonae, Salmonella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus, survived in water for at least several months and up to 16 years. A vast majority of the Gram-negative bacteria tested survived equally well in water and in PBS for at least 30 weeks. However, the populations of two Gram-positive bacteria [G(+)], L. monocytogenes and Staph. aureus, declined more rapidly in water than in PBS. Plant- and human-pathogenic bacteria can be preserved in pure water or PBS for several years. G(+) bacteria appear to survive better in PBS than in water. The method described here is a simple and economical means for preservation of bacterial cultures, which is especially useful for laboratories not equipped with the lyophilizer or ultra-low freezer. Long-term survival of food-borne pathogens in water underlines the importance of water as a potential vehicle for transmitting the diseases. JF - Letters in Applied Microbiology AU - Liao, C AU - Shollenberger, L AD - Food Safety Intervention Technologies Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, PA, USA, cliao@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 45 EP - 50 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 37 IS - 1 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - J 02905:Water UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18800836?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+Literaturwissenschaft+und+Linguistik&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Front+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+Literaturwissenschaft+und+Linguistik&rft.issn=00498653&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-765X.2003.01345.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Incidence and Survival of Cylindrocladium parasiticum in Peanut Seed AN - 18800100; 5674134 AB - Sixty-three commercial seed lots of peanut produced in Virginia were examined for the presence of seed with speckled testae. Speckled seed were present in seed lots from the 1998, 1999, and 2000 growing seasons at average rates of 3, 1.2, and 0.6%, respectively. Speckled and normal seed from 19 seed lots were assayed on a medium selective for C. parasiticum. The fungus was isolated from speckled seed at rates ranging from 40 to 96%. C. parasiticum was isolated only from a single normal seed from one seed lot. The pathogen was recovered at high rates from speckled seed immediately after pods had been dried in commercial drying trailers at temperatures up to 35 degree C. Ambient temperatures during winter seed storage that fluctuated from -10 to 28 degree C in 1999 and -8 to 33 degree C in 2000 greatly reduced pathogen recovery in speckled seed stored for 16 or 24 weeks. In field plots with naturally infested soil, the number of speckled seed harvested was directly correlated to the number of symptomatic plants in plots on 29 September. Based on this finding, the harvest of seed peanuts in areas of a field with high incidence of Cylindrocladium black rot (CBR) should be avoided. Adoption of this policy is expected to lower the number of speckled seed entering commercial seed lots and reduce the risk for spread of CBR. JF - Plant Disease AU - Glenn, D L AU - Phipps, P M AU - Stipes, R J AD - USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA, dlglenn@fdwsr.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 867 EP - 871 VL - 87 IS - 7 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01027:Fruit trees UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18800100?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Incidence+and+Survival+of+Cylindrocladium+parasiticum+in+Peanut+Seed&rft.au=Glenn%2C+D+L%3BPhipps%2C+P+M%3BStipes%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Glenn&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=867&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Extracellullar Proteins Involved in Soybean Cultivar-Specific Nodulation Are Associated with Pilus-Like Surface Appendages and Exported by a Type III Protein Secretion System in Sinorhizobium fredii USDA257 AN - 18798573; 5674198 AB - Several gram-negative plant and animal pathogenic bacteria have evolved a type III secretion system (TTSS) to deliver effector proteins directly into the host cell cytosol. Sinorhizobium fredii USDA257, a symbiont of soybean and many other legumes, secretes proteins called Nops (nodulation outer proteins) into the extracellular environment upon flavonoid induction. Mutation analysis and the nucleotide sequence of a 31.2-kb symbiosis (sym) plasmid DNA region of USDA257 revealed the existence of a TTSS locus in this symbiotic bacterium. This locus includes rhc (rhizobia conserved) genes that encode components of a TTSS and proteins that are secreted into the environment (Nops). The genomic organization of the TTSS locus of USDA257 is remarkably similar to that of another broad-host range symbiont, Rhizobium sp. strain NGR234. Flavonoids that activate the transcription of the nod genes of USDA257 also stimulate the production of novel filamentous appendages known as pili. Electron microscope examination of isolated pili reveals needle-like filaments of 6 to 8 nm in diameter. The production of the pili is dependent on a functional nodD1 and the presence of a nod gene-inducing compound. Mutations in several of the TTSS genes negate the ability of USDA257 to elaborate pili. Western blot analysis using antibodies raised against purified NopX, Nop38, and Nop7 reveals that these proteins were associated with the pili. Mutations in rhcN, rhcJ, rhcC, and ttsI alter the ability of USDA257 to form nodules on Glycine max and Macroptilium atropurpureum. JF - Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions AU - Krishnan, H B AU - Lorio, J AU - Kim, Won Seok AU - Jiang, Guoqiao AU - Kim, Kil Yong AU - DeBoer, M AU - Pueppke, S G AD - 108W Curtis Hall, USDA-ARS Department of Agronomy, Columbia, KrishnanH@missouri.edu Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 617 EP - 625 VL - 16 IS - 7 SN - 0894-0282, 0894-0282 KW - nod gene KW - secretion system type III KW - soybean KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01051:Nitrogen cycle KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02901:Soil and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18798573?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+Literaturwissenschaft+und+Linguistik&rft.atitle=Einleitung+-+Introduction&rft.au=Klein%2C+Wolfgang&rft.aulast=Klein&rft.aufirst=Wolfgang&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+Literaturwissenschaft+und+Linguistik&rft.issn=00498653&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Landscape location affects genetic variation of Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis ) AN - 18796109; 5662939 AB - The effect of a population's location on the landscape on genetic variation has been of interest to population genetics for more than half a century. However, most studies do not consider broadscale biogeography when interpreting genetic data. In this study, we propose an operational definition of a peripheral population, and then explore whether peripheral populations of Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) have less genetic variation than core populations at nine microsatellite loci. We show that peripheral populations of lynx have fewer mean numbers of alleles per population and lower expected heterozygosity. This is surprising, given the lynx's capacity to move long distances, but can be explained by the fact that peripheral populations often have smaller population sizes, limited opportunities for genetic exchange and may be disproportionately affected by ebbs and flows of species' geographical range. JF - Molecular Ecology AU - Schwartz, M K AU - Mills, L S AU - Ortega, Y AU - Ruggiero, L F AU - Allendorf, F W AD - Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana, Missoula MT 59812, USDA/USFS Rocky Mountain Research Station, 800 E. Beckwith, Missoula MT 59807, mks@selway.umt.edu Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 1807 EP - 1816 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 12 IS - 7 SN - 0962-1083, 0962-1083 KW - Canadian Lynx KW - Ecology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - G 07270:Ecological genetics KW - D 04672:Mammals KW - G 07405:Carnivora UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18796109?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Ecology&rft.atitle=Landscape+location+affects+genetic+variation+of+Canada+lynx+%28Lynx+canadensis+%29&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+M+K%3BMills%2C+L+S%3BOrtega%2C+Y%3BRuggiero%2C+L+F%3BAllendorf%2C+F+W&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1807&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Ecology&rft.issn=09621083&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-294X.2003.01878.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01878.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of Canopy Closure and Shrub Coverage on Travel along Coarse Woody Debris by Eastern Chipmunks (Tamias Striatus) AN - 18795327; 5659530 AB - We investigated relationships between canopy closure, shrub cover and the use of coarse woody debris as a travel path by eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) in the north central United States. Fine scale movements of chipmunks were followed with tracking spools and the percentage of each movement path directly along coarse woody debris was recorded. Availability of coarse woody debris was estimated using line intercepts. We predicted that, if chipmunks used coarse woody debris to reduce their risk of predation, movement along coarse woody debris would be greater for animals tracked at sites with open canopies and thick shrub cover. Travel along coarse woody debris was negatively associated with canopy closure and positively associated with the percent of coarse woody debris available at a site and the percentage of shrub cover at a site. Sex and age of eastern chipmunks did not appear to influence the amount of use of coarse woody debris. Our results suggest that coarse woody debris is more important to chipmunks in areas with open canopies and thick shrubs and are consistent with the hypothesis that coarse woody debris provides chipmunks with some protection from predators. JF - American Midland Naturalist AU - Zollner, P A AU - Crane, K J AD - USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, Wisconsin 54501, pzollner@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 151 EP - 157 PB - University of Notre Dame VL - 150 IS - 1 SN - 0003-0031, 0003-0031 KW - Eastern chipmunk KW - woody debris KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04672:Mammals KW - Y 25506:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18795327?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Midland+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Influence+of+Canopy+Closure+and+Shrub+Coverage+on+Travel+along+Coarse+Woody+Debris+by+Eastern+Chipmunks+%28Tamias+Striatus%29&rft.au=Zollner%2C+P+A%3BCrane%2C+K+J&rft.aulast=Zollner&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=150&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Midland+Naturalist&rft.issn=00030031&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0003-0031%282003%29150%280151%3AIOCCAS%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0003-0031(2003)150(0151:IOCCAS)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of Host-Searching and Ovipositional Behavior of Cardiochiles nigriceps Viereck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a Parasitoid of Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in Tobacco and Cotton AN - 17940617; 5874414 AB - To compare host-searching and ovipositional behavior of Cardiochiles nigriceps Viereck (CN) in tobacco and cotton, behavior of CN females was observed on Hellothis virescens (Febricius)-infested plants and recorded using a Psion Organizer II with Observer software. Hover, search, oviposit, preen, rest, walk, agony-search, drop-search, and miss-search were the nine behaviors observed for each plant species. Agony-search was a searching behavior exhibited when CN females were prevented from ovipositing in a host because they were unable to reach the host. Drop-search and miss-search were the searching behaviors that occurred by CN females after a host dropped from the plant and when CN females missed ovipositing in a host, respectively. Hovering, searching, oviposition, miss-search, resting, and walking were equally common for CN on tobacco and cotton. Agony-search was exhibited more on tobacco than cotton, while drop-search and preening occurred more on cotton than tobacco. Female CN spent more time hovering in tobacco than in cotton, indicating that these females preferred tobacco to cotton. Female parasitoids also spent more time in the main ovipositional sequence, hoversearchoviposit, in tobacco than in cotton, mainly because females hovered more in tobacco than in cotton. Frequency and time of behavioral sequences associated with experiencing frustration in ovipositing due to difficulty in reaching or finding a host and subsequent level of success in ovipositing in a new host were determined. Overall, the rate of successful oviposition by CN females was significantly higher in tobacco (87.7%) than in cotton (79.5%). For cotton and tobacco, the rate of successful oviposition by CN females was significantly reduced (ca. 40.0%) when they experienced frustration in ovipositing compared to the rate of ovipositional success (100%) for CN females when hosts were present and easily accessible. Encountering ovipositional frustration also increased the duration of time for successful oviposition in comparison to the time spent for problem-free oviposition in cotton and tobacco. Interestingly, with successful oviposition, the amount of time spent in a behavioral sequence was not significantly different for tobacco and cotton regardless of whether females experienced ovipositional frustration or not. However, female CN invested more time in tobacco than in cotton when they were unsuccessful in ovipositing due to the inaccessibility or disappearance of hosts. CN females' preference for tobacco over cotton probably gave them more motivation to continue searching for hosts, especially those not easily attained, on tobacco than on cotton. Nevertheless, CN females readily searched in cotton for HV even in the presence of host-infested tobacco. CN females possibly could be successful in maintaining levels of HV below an economic threshold when using a tobacco trap crop to protect cotton as the main crop. JF - Journal of Insect Behavior AU - Tillman, P G AU - Mullinix, BG Jr AD - USDA, ARS, Crop Protection and Management Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 748, Tifton, Georgia 31794, USA, pgt@tifton.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 555 EP - 569 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 16 IS - 4 SN - 0892-7553, 0892-7553 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - Host selection KW - Pests KW - Oviposition KW - Heliothis virescens KW - Cardiochiles nigriceps KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25423:Insects KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17940617?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+Host-Searching+and+Ovipositional+Behavior+of+Cardiochiles+nigriceps+Viereck+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Braconidae%29%2C+a+Parasitoid+of+Heliothis+virescens+%28Fabricius%29+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29%2C+in+Tobacco+and+Cotton&rft.au=Tillman%2C+P+G%3BMullinix%2C+BG+Jr&rft.aulast=Tillman&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=555&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.issn=08927553&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1027359408221 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cardiochiles nigriceps; Heliothis virescens; Oviposition; Host selection; Pests DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1027359408221 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil and Plant Water Relations Determine Photosynthetic Responses of C sub(3) and C sub(4) Grasses in a Semi-arid Ecosystem under Elevated CO sub(2) AN - 17905213; 5868343 AB - To model the effect of increasing atmospheric CO sub(2) on semi-arid grasslands, the gas exchange responses of leaves to seasonal changes in soil water, and how they are modified by CO sub(2), must be understood for C sub(3) and C sub(4) species that grow in the same area. In this study, open-top chambers were used to investigate the photosynthetic and stomatal responses of Pascopyrum smithii (C sub(3)) and Bouteloua gracilis (C sub(4)) grown at 360 (ambient CO sub(2)) and 720 mu mol mol super(-1) CO sub(2) (elevated CO sub(2)) in a semi-arid shortgrass steppe. Assimilation rate (A) and stomatal conductance (g sub(s)) at the treatment CO sub(2) concentrations and at a range of intercellular CO sub(2) concentrations and leaf water potentials ( psi sub(leaf)) were measured over 4 years with variable soil water content caused by season and CO sub(2) treatment. Carboxylation efficiency of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (V sub(c,max)), and ribulose bisphosphate regeneration capacity (J sub(max)) were reduced in P. smithii grown in elevated CO sub(2), to the degree that A was similar in elevated and ambient CO sub(2) (when soil moisture was adequate). Photosynthetic capacity was not reduced in B. gracilis under elevated CO sub(2), but A was nearly saturated at ambient CO sub(2). There were no stomatal adaptations independent of photosynthetic acclimation. Although photosynthetic capacity was reduced in P. smithii growing in elevated CO sub(2), reduced g sub(s) and transpiration improved soil water content and psi sub(leaf) in the elevated CO sub(2) chambers, thereby improving A of both species during dry periods. These results suggest that photosynthetic responses of C sub(3) and C sub(4) grasses in this semi-arid ecosystem will be driven primarily by the effect of elevated CO sub(2) on plant and soil water relations. JF - Annals of Botany AU - Lecain AU - Morgan, JA AU - Mosier, A R AU - Nelson, JA AD - USDA-ARS Rangeland Resources Research Unit, Crops Research Laboratory, 1701 Centre Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA, lecain@lamar.colostate.edu Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 41 EP - 52 VL - 92 IS - 1 SN - 0305-7364, 0305-7364 KW - carbon dioxide enrichment KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Gas exchange KW - Grasslands KW - Bouteloua gracilis KW - Water relations KW - Photosynthesis KW - Semiarid environments KW - Grasses KW - Pascopyrum smithii KW - Soil moisture KW - Climatic conditions KW - D 04130:Arid zones UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17905213?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Botany&rft.atitle=Soil+and+Plant+Water+Relations+Determine+Photosynthetic+Responses+of+C+sub%283%29+and+C+sub%284%29+Grasses+in+a+Semi-arid+Ecosystem+under+Elevated+CO+sub%282%29&rft.au=Lecain%3BMorgan%2C+JA%3BMosier%2C+A+R%3BNelson%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Lecain&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+Botany&rft.issn=03057364&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pascopyrum smithii; Bouteloua gracilis; Grasses; Photosynthesis; Gas exchange; Water relations; Soil moisture; Climatic conditions; Grasslands; Semiarid environments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Population increase in Kirtland's warbler and summer range expansion to Wisconsin and Michigan's Upper Peninsula, USA AN - 17902052; 5858530 AB - The threatened Kirtland's warbler Dendroica kirtlandii breeds in stands of young jack pine Pinus banksiana growing on well-drained soils in Michigan, USA. We summarize information documenting the range expansion of Kirtland's warbler due to increased habitat management in the core breeding range in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan during 1990-2000. We collected records and conducted searches for the species in Michigan's Upper Peninsula and Wisconsin over 1978-2000. During that time 25 males were found in Wisconsin and 90 males in the Upper Peninsula. We documented colonization of Michigan's Upper Peninsula by six ringed males from the Lower Peninsula of Michigan. Four ringed birds also moved back to the core breeding range, including two males that made two-way movements between the core breeding range and the Upper Peninsula. Thirty-seven females were observed with males from 1995 to 2000, all in Michigan. Nesting activities were noted for 25 pairs and at least nine nests fledged young. One male ringed as a fledgling returned to breed in two subsequent years. After a 19-year period of population stability, the Kirtland's warbler population increased four-fold during 1990-2000, most likely in response to a tripling in habitat area. This increase in sightings and documented breeding may be related to habitat availability in Michigan's Upper Peninsula and to saturation of habitat in the main breeding range. The increase in extra-limital records during 1995-1999 corresponds to the time when the population went from the minimum to the maximum projected population densities, and a decline in natural wildfire habitat was just offset by new managed habitat for the Kirtland's warbler. JF - Oryx AU - Probst, J R AU - Donner, D M AU - Bocetti, C I AU - Sjogren, S AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501, USA, jprobst@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 365 EP - 373 VL - 37 IS - 3 SN - 0030-6053, 0030-6053 KW - Kirtland's warbler KW - Jack pine KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Michigan KW - Ecosystem management KW - Conservation KW - Dendroica kirtlandii KW - Home range KW - Population levels KW - USA, Wisconsin KW - Pinus banksiana KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17902052?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oryx&rft.atitle=Population+increase+in+Kirtland%27s+warbler+and+summer+range+expansion+to+Wisconsin+and+Michigan%27s+Upper+Peninsula%2C+USA&rft.au=Probst%2C+J+R%3BDonner%2C+D+M%3BBocetti%2C+C+I%3BSjogren%2C+S&rft.aulast=Probst&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=365&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oryx&rft.issn=00306053&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017%2FS0030605303000632 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dendroica kirtlandii; Pinus banksiana; USA, Wisconsin; USA, Michigan; Population levels; Home range; Ecosystem management; Conservation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0030605303000632 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using Spatial Information Technologies to Detect and Map Waterhyacinth and Hydrilla Infestations in the Lower Rio Grande AN - 17879714; 5842241 AB - This paper describes a study conducted in 2002 on the application of aerial photography and videography, global positioning system, and geographic information system technologies for detecting and mapping waterhyacinth [Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms] and hydrilla [Hydrilla verticillata (L. F.) Royle] infestations in the Rio Grande in extreme southern Texas. Waterhyacinth and hydrilla could be readily distinguished in color-infrared photography, color-infrared videography, and normal color videography. The integration of the global positioning system with the video imagery permitted latitude-longitude coordinates of waterhyacinth and hydrilla infestations to be recorded on each image. The global positioning system coordinates were entered into a geographic information system to map waterhyacinth and hydrilla infestations in the Rio Grande. This survey showed an increase in distribution of these weeds of approximately 115 river-km within two counties, as compared to a 1998 survey. JF - Journal of Aquatic Plant Management AU - Everitt, J H AU - Alaniz, MA AU - Davis, M R AD - USDA/ARS, Integrated Farming and Natural Resources Unit, 2413 E. Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA, jeveritt@weslaco.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 93 EP - 98 PB - Aquatic Plant Management Society, Inc., PO Box 1477 Lehigh Acres FL 33970 USA VL - 41 IS - 2 SN - 0146-6623, 0146-6623 KW - Water hyacinth KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Biological surveys KW - Aquatic Weeds KW - Aerial Photography KW - USA, New Mexico, Lower Rio Grande KW - Aquatic plants KW - Surveys KW - Pest control KW - Aerial photography KW - Freshwater KW - Eichhornia crassipes KW - Water Hyacinth KW - Hydrilla verticillata KW - Freshwater weeds KW - Aquatic Plants KW - USA, Lower Rio Grande R. KW - Mapping KW - Aquatic macrophytes (Hydrocharitaceae) KW - Geographical Information Systems KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17879714?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Aquatic+Plant+Management&rft.atitle=Using+Spatial+Information+Technologies+to+Detect+and+Map+Waterhyacinth+and+Hydrilla+Infestations+in+the+Lower+Rio+Grande&rft.au=Everitt%2C+J+H%3BAlaniz%2C+MA%3BDavis%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Everitt&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=&rft.spage=130&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+Literaturwissenschaft+und+Linguistik&rft.issn=00498653&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological surveys; Aquatic plants; Pest control; Mapping; Aerial photography; Freshwater weeds; Aerial Photography; Aquatic Weeds; Aquatic Plants; Surveys; Water Hyacinth; Aquatic macrophytes (Hydrocharitaceae); Geographical Information Systems; Eichhornia crassipes; Hydrilla verticillata; USA, Lower Rio Grande R.; USA, New Mexico, Lower Rio Grande; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of Dilute Acetic Acid Treatments on American Pondweed Winter Buds in the Nevada Irrigation District, California AN - 17878704; 5842236 AB - American pondweed (Potamogeton nodosus Poir.) is commonly found in northern California irrigation canals. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that exposure of American pondweed winter buds to dilute acetic acid under field conditions would result in reduced subsequent biomass. The treatment consisted of adding either 1703 or 3406 L of 2.3% acetic acid per 83-m super(2) plot. Acetic acid was applied using either drip tape or soaker hoses. We collected nine samples 6 weeks after treatment from each plot for biomass determination. American pondweed biomass was reduced by the acetic acid application. The reduction was observed for samples collected from the sides as well as the canal bottom when 3406 L per plot were applied. At the lower rate, there was slightly more biomass on the sides of the canal. These results confirm findings from earlier laboratory/greenhouse experiments, and suggest that application of a 2.3% acetic acid solution by drip irrigation tape may be useful in the management of American pondweed in systems that can have the water removed temporarily. JF - Journal of Aquatic Plant Management AU - Spencer, D F AU - Elmore, CL AU - Ksander, G G AU - Roncoroni, JA AD - USDA-ARS Exotic & Invasive Weeds Research Unit, Robbins Hall, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 65 EP - 68 PB - Aquatic Plant Management Society, Inc., PO Box 1477 Lehigh Acres FL 33970 USA VL - 41 IS - 2 SN - 0146-6623, 0146-6623 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Testing Procedures KW - Weeds KW - Aquatic Weeds KW - Chemical control KW - Aquatic plants KW - Pest control KW - Weed Control KW - Drip Irrigation KW - Canals KW - Aquatic Plants KW - Water management KW - Potamogeton nodosus KW - USA, California KW - Irrigation Districts KW - Acetic Acid KW - Irrigation Canals KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control KW - SW 2010:Control of water on the surface UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17878704?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Aquatic+Plant+Management&rft.atitle=Influence+of+Dilute+Acetic+Acid+Treatments+on+American+Pondweed+Winter+Buds+in+the+Nevada+Irrigation+District%2C+California&rft.au=Spencer%2C+D+F%3BElmore%2C+CL%3BKsander%2C+G+G%3BRoncoroni%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Aquatic+Plant+Management&rft.issn=01466623&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Weeds; Water management; Chemical control; Aquatic plants; Pest control; Testing Procedures; Canals; Aquatic Plants; Aquatic Weeds; Irrigation Districts; Weed Control; Drip Irrigation; Acetic Acid; Irrigation Canals; Potamogeton nodosus; USA, California ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A reciprocal transplant experiment within a climatic gradient in a semiarid shrub-steppe ecosystem: effects on bunchgrass growth and reproduction, soil carbon, and soil nitrogen AN - 17851450; 5662988 AB - We investigated the effect of climate change on Poa secunda Presl. and soils in a shrub-steppe ecosystem in south-eastern Washington. Intact soil cores containing P. secunda were reciprocally transplanted between two elevations. Plants and soils were examined, respectively, 4.5 and 5 years later. The lower elevation (310 m) site is warmer (28.5 degree C air average monthly maximum) and drier (224 mm yr super(-1)) than the upper elevation (844 m) site (23.5 degree C air average monthly maximum, 272 mm yr super(-1)). Observations were also made on undisturbed plants at both sites. There was no effect of climate change on plant density, shoot biomass, or carbon isotope discrimination in either transplanted plant population. The cooler, wetter environment significantly reduced percent cover and leaf length, while the warmer, drier environment had no effect. Warming and drying reduced percent shoot nitrogen, while the cooler, wetter environment had no effect. Culm density was zero for the lower elevation plants transplanted to the upper site and was 10.3 culms m super(-2) at the lower site. There was no effect of warming and drying on the culm density of the upper elevation plants. Culm density of in situ lower elevation plants was greater than that of the in situ upper elevation plants. Warming and drying reduced total soil carbon 32% and total soil nitrogen 40%. The cooler, wetter environment had no effect on total soil C or N. Of the C and N that was lost over time, 64% of both came from the particulate organic matter fraction (POM, > 53 mu m). There was no effect of warming and drying on the upper population of P. secunda while exposing the lower population to the cooler, wetter environment reduced reproductive effort and percent cover. With the warmer and drier conditions that may develop with climate change, total C and N of semiarid soils may decrease with the active fraction of soil C also rapidly decreasing, which may alter ecosystem diversity and function. JF - Global Change Biology AU - Link, SO AU - Smith, J L AU - Halvorson, J J AU - Bolton, H AD - School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University Tri-Cities, 2710 University Drive, Richland, WA 99352, USA, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA, USDA-ARS, Appalachian Farming Systems Research Center, 1224 Airport Road, Beaver, WV 25813-9423, USA, Biogeochemistry, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, PO Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA, slink@tricity.wsu.edu Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 1097 EP - 1105 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 9 IS - 7 SN - 1354-1013, 1354-1013 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - USA, Washington KW - Ecosystems KW - Semiarid zone vegetation KW - Climatic change influences on ecosystems KW - Semiarid environments KW - Carbon isotopes KW - Climate change KW - Climatic changes KW - Gradients KW - Steppes KW - Poa secunda KW - M2 551.583:Variations (551.583) KW - M2 551.585:Climate Classification (551.585) KW - M2 551.586:Biometeorology and Bioclimatology (551.586) KW - D 04636:Grasses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17851450?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Change+Biology&rft.atitle=A+reciprocal+transplant+experiment+within+a+climatic+gradient+in+a+semiarid+shrub-steppe+ecosystem%3A+effects+on+bunchgrass+growth+and+reproduction%2C+soil+carbon%2C+and+soil+nitrogen&rft.au=Link%2C+SO%3BSmith%2C+J+L%3BHalvorson%2C+J+J%3BBolton%2C+H&rft.aulast=Link&rft.aufirst=SO&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1097&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Change+Biology&rft.issn=13541013&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2486.2003.00647.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Poa secunda; USA, Washington; Semiarid environments; Gradients; Steppes; Climatic changes; Climate change; Ecosystems; Carbon isotopes; Climatic change influences on ecosystems; Semiarid zone vegetation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00647.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immune Responses After Oral Inoculation of Weanling Bison Or Beef Calves with a Bison Or Cattle Isolate of Mycobacterium avium Subsp. Paratuberculosis AN - 17740639; 6119351 AB - Paratuberculosis is endemic in domestic and wild ruminants worldwide. We designed the following study to compare host immune responses and pathologic changes in beef calves and bison calves after challenge with either a cattle or bison (Bison bison) strain of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. In the first part of the study, six bison and six beef calves were orally inoculated with a cattle isolate of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis over a 2 wk period. In the second part, an additional six bison and six beef calves were similarly inoculated with a bison strain of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Throughout each of the studies, blood and fecal samples were taken monthly for a 6 mo infection period. Tissue samples were obtained at necropsy for culture and histopathologic analyses. Results from this study demonstrated that bison calves were more susceptible to tissue colonization than beef calves after challenge with the cattle isolate and, conversely, that beef calves were more susceptible to the bison strain of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Although lesions were minimal they were most apparent in the jejunum and distal ileum. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) responses were noted in some calves by 1 mo post-inoculation and were sustained longer in beef calves after challenge with the bison isolate. Antibody was not detected in either beef or bison calves during the 6 mo infection period. These results indicate that the host response to strains of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis may differ between ruminant species. JF - Journal of Wildlife Diseases AU - Stabel, J R AU - Palmer, M V AU - Whitlock, R H AD - USDA-ARS, National Animal Disease Center, Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, 2300 Dayton Road, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 545 EP - 555 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. Lawrence KS 66044 USA, [mailto:webmaster@allenpress.com], [URL:http://www.allenpress.com] VL - 39 IS - 3 SN - 0090-3558, 0090-3558 KW - American Bison KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Autopsy KW - Paratuberculosis KW - Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis KW - Ileum KW - Colonization KW - Blood KW - Antibodies KW - ^g-Interferon KW - Jejunum KW - Inoculation KW - Bison bison KW - Immune response KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17740639?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.atitle=Immune+Responses+After+Oral+Inoculation+of+Weanling+Bison+Or+Beef+Calves+with+a+Bison+Or+Cattle+Isolate+of+Mycobacterium+avium+Subsp.+Paratuberculosis&rft.au=Stabel%2C+J+R%3BPalmer%2C+M+V%3BWhitlock%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Stabel&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=545&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.issn=00903558&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis; Bison bison; Paratuberculosis; Jejunum; Inoculation; Blood; ^g-Interferon; Antibodies; Colonization; Autopsy; Immune response; Ileum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Patch Exploitation by female Red Flour Beetles, Tribolium Castaneum AN - 17305352; 5976837 AB - The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) has had a long association with human stored food and can be a major pest in anthropogenic structures used for the processing and storage of grain-based products. Anthropogenic structures are fragmented landscapes characterized by spatially and temporally patchy resources. Here we investigate the ability of female T. castaneum to evaluate the quality of small patches of food and to adjust the number of eggs they lay per patch (i.e., clutch size) to maximize fitness gains. In multiple choice, paired choice and no choice experiments females tended to lay more eggs in larger amounts of flour. The number of eggs that they lay in a patch of flour was consistent with that predicted to optimize production of adults from that patch (i.e., the aLack' clutch size). Progeny size was only significantly impacted in the smallest patch sizes. JF - Journal of Insect Science (Tucson) AU - Campbell, J F AU - Runnion, C AD - USDA ARS, Grain Marketing and Production Research Center, Manhattan KS 66502, USA, campbell@gmprc.ksu.edu Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - University of Arizona Library VL - 3 IS - 20 SN - 1536-2442, 1536-2442 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05300:General KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17305352?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Insect+Science+%28Tucson%29&rft.atitle=Patch+Exploitation+by+female+Red+Flour+Beetles%2C+Tribolium+Castaneum&rft.au=Campbell%2C+J+F%3BRunnion%2C+C&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=20&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Insect+Science+%28Tucson%29&rft.issn=15362442&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F1536-2442%282003%290032.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=1536-2442&volume=3&page=1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/1536-2442(2003)003<0001:PEBFRF>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An information-theoretical analysis of budget-constrained nonpoint source pollution control AN - 16151406; 5657210 AB - This paper analyzes budget-constrained, nonpoint source (NPS) pollution control with costly information acquisition and learning. To overcome the inherent ill-posed statistical problem in NPS pollution data the sequential entropy filter, a cross entropy econometric approach, is applied to the sediment load management program for Redwood Creek, which flows through Redwood National Park in northwestern California. We simulate dynamic budget-constrained management with information acquisition and learning, and compare the results with those from the current policy. The analysis shows that when information acquisition increases overall abatement effectiveness the fiscally constrained manager can reallocate resources from abatement effort to information acquisition, resulting in lower sediment generation than would otherwise exist. In addition, with learning about pollution generation occurring over time the manager may switch from a high intensity of data collection to a lower intensity to further reduce sediment generation. Also, as sediment control proceeds at upstream sources, at some time in the future the marginal reduction in sediment for a given expenditure will equalize across the sources such that uniform abatement effort may occur across all sources. JF - Journal of Environmental Economics and Management AU - Kaplan, J D AU - Howitt, R E AU - Farzin, Y H AD - Resource Economics Division, Economic Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1800 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20036, USA, jkaplan@ers.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 106 EP - 130 PB - Elsevier Science (USA) VL - 46 IS - 1 SN - 0095-0696, 0095-0696 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts KW - Statistics KW - Environmental economics KW - Economic Aspects KW - Streams KW - Costs KW - Water Pollution Control KW - Environmental information KW - Economics KW - Sediment Contamination KW - Sedimentation KW - Entropy KW - Data Collections KW - Rivers KW - Data collection KW - Learning KW - Nonpoint sources KW - USA, California, Redwood Creek KW - Data processing KW - Nonpoint Pollution Sources KW - Pollution Load KW - Nonpoint pollution KW - Sediments KW - Sediment Load KW - Economic analysis KW - Sediment load KW - Environment management KW - Pollution control KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - Q5 08505:Prevention and control KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16151406?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Economics+and+Management&rft.atitle=An+information-theoretical+analysis+of+budget-constrained+nonpoint+source+pollution+control&rft.au=Kaplan%2C+J+D%3BHowitt%2C+R+E%3BFarzin%2C+Y+H&rft.aulast=Kaplan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=106&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Economics+and+Management&rft.issn=00950696&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0095-0696%2802%2900035-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Costs; Rivers; Economic analysis; Sediment load; Pollution control; Nonpoint sources; Learning; Data processing; Statistics; Economics; Entropy; Sediments; Data collection; Environmental information; Environmental economics; Sedimentation; Nonpoint pollution; Environment management; Water Pollution Control; Sediment Load; Nonpoint Pollution Sources; Pollution Load; Sediment Contamination; Economic Aspects; Streams; Data Collections; USA, California, Redwood Creek DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0095-0696(02)00035-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fungal phyA gene expressed in potato leaves produces active and stable phytase AN - 18794233; 5656554 AB - Fungal phyA gene from Aspergillus ficuum (niger) was cloned and expressed in potato leaves. The recombinant enzyme was stable and catalytically active. The expressed protein in the leaves of the dicotyledonous plant retained most physical and catalytic properties of the benchmark A. ficuum phytase. The expressed enzyme was, however, 15% less glycosylated than the native phytase. The usual bi-hump pH optima profile, which is characteristic of the fungal phytase, was altered; however, the pH optimum at 5.0 was unchanged for phytate and at 4.0 for synthetic substrate p-nitrophenyl phosphate. The temperature was, however, unchanged. The expressed phytase was found to be as sensitive as the native enzyme to the inhibitory action of pseudo substrate, myo-inositol hexasulfate, while losing about 90% of the activity at 20 mu M inhibitor concentration. Similar to the benchmark phytase, the expressed phytase in leaves was completely inactivated by Arg modifier phenylglyoxal at 60nM. In addition, the expressed phytase in the leaves was inhibited by antibody raised against a 20-mer internal peptide, which is present on the surface of the molecule as shown by the X-ray deduced 3D structure of fungal phytase. Taken together, the biochemical evidences indicate that fungal phytase when cloned and expressed in potato leaves produces a stable and active biocatalyst. Biofarming,' therefore, is an alternative way to produce functional hydrolytic enzymes as exemplified by the expression of A. ficuum (niger) phyA gene in potato leaf. JF - Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications AU - Ullah, AH AU - Sethumadhavan, K AU - Mullaney, E J AU - Ziegelhoffer, T AU - Austin-Phillips, S AD - Southern Regional Research Center, ARS, USDA, 1100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA, aullah@srrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/06/27/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 27 SP - 603 EP - 609 VL - 306 IS - 2 SN - 0006-291X, 0006-291X KW - Potato KW - biocatalysts KW - biofarming KW - p-Nitrophenyl phosphate KW - p-nitrophenyl phosphate KW - phyA gene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Bioengineering Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - K 03020:Fungi KW - N 14684:Expression of cloned genes KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 310:Agricultural Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18794233?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+and+Biophysical+Research+Communications&rft.atitle=Fungal+phyA+gene+expressed+in+potato+leaves+produces+active+and+stable+phytase&rft.au=Ullah%2C+AH%3BSethumadhavan%2C+K%3BMullaney%2C+E+J%3BZiegelhoffer%2C+T%3BAustin-Phillips%2C+S&rft.aulast=Ullah&rft.aufirst=AH&rft.date=2003-06-27&rft.volume=306&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=603&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+and+Biophysical+Research+Communications&rft.issn=0006291X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0006-291X%2803%2901002-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-291X(03)01002-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Plant hydraulics -- The ascent of water AN - 18779002; 5650740 AB - The transport system that drives sap ascent from soil to leaves is extraordinary and controversial. Like their animal counterparts, large multicellular plants need to supply all their cells with fuel and water. For animals, the solution was the evolution of a vascular system, with a pump to circulate an isotonic blood plasma that prevented cell rupture through the osmotic inflow of water. Plants took a different route to solve the problem of osmoregulation, encasing each cell in a rigid exoskeleton, the cell wall. But this rigidity brought with it a lack of mobility -- for whole organisms and also for tissues and cells. Plant tissues were too rigid to evolve a pump mechanism for long-distance transport. So what force is responsible for the ascent of water in plants? More than a century ago, H. H. Dixon (1896) proposed that a pulling force was generated at the evaporative surface of leaves and that this force was transmitted downward through water columns under tension to lift water much like a rope under tension can lift a weight. The cohesion-tension theory (C-T theory), as it is known, supposes both adhesion of water to conduit walls and cohesion of water molecules to each other. Francis Darwin, when commenting on Dixon's proposed theory, said -- "To believe that columns of water should hang in the tracheals like solid bodies, and should, like them, transmit downwards the pull exerted on them at their upper ends by the transpiring leaves, is to some of us equivalent to believing in ropes of sand." JF - Nature AU - Tyree, M T AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Experiment Station, PO Box 968, Burlington, Vermont 05402, USA. Y1 - 2003/06/26/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 26 SP - 923 VL - 423 IS - 6943 SN - 0028-0836, 0028-0836 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Plant Physiology KW - Soil-water-plant Relationships KW - Plant Water Potential KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18779002?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Plant+hydraulics+--+The+ascent+of+water&rft.au=Tyree%2C+M+T&rft.aulast=Tyree&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-06-26&rft.volume=423&rft.issue=6943&rft.spage=923&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature&rft.issn=00280836&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2F423923a LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Plant Physiology; Soil-water-plant Relationships; Plant Water Potential DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/423923a ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lycopene supplementation inhibits lung squamous metaplasia and induces apoptosis via up-regulating insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 in cigarette smoke-exposed ferrets. AN - 73424653; 12810641 AB - Higher intake of lycopene is related to a lower risk of lung cancer in human studies. Lung cancer risk is associated with higher plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and/or lower levels of IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3). However, little is known regarding whether lycopene can inhibit cigarette smoke-induced lung carcinogenesis through modulation of IGF-I/IGFBP-3, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. We investigated the effects of lycopene supplementation at a low dose (1.1 mg/kg/day, which is equivalent to an intake of 15 mg/day in humans) and a high dose (4.3 mg/kg/day, which is equivalent to 60 mg/day in humans) on plasma IGF-I/IGFBP-3 levels, histopathological changes, proliferating cellular nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression, BAD phosphorylation, and apoptosis (caspase 3 assay) in lungs of ferrets with or without cigarette smoke exposure for 9 weeks. We found that ferrets supplemented with lycopene and exposed to smoke had significantly higher plasma IGFBP-3 levels (P < 0.01) and a lower IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio (P < 0.01) than ferrets exposed to smoke alone. Both low- and high-dose lycopene supplementations substantially inhibited smoke-induced squamous metaplasia and PCNA expression in the lungs of ferrets. No squamous metaplasia or PCNA overexpression were found in the lungs of control ferrets or those supplemented with lycopene alone. Furthermore, cigarette smoke exposure greatly increased BAD phosphorylation at both Ser(136) and Ser(112) and significantly decreased cleaved caspase 3 in the lungs of ferrets, as compared with controls. The elevated phosphorylation of BAD and down-regulated apoptosis induced by cigarette smoke in the lungs of ferrets was prevented by both low- and high-dose lycopene supplementations. Lycopene levels were increased in a dose-dependent manner in both plasma and lungs of ferrets supplemented with lycopene alone. However, lycopene levels were markedly lower in both plasma and lungs of ferrets supplemented with lycopene and exposed to smoke. Furthermore, smoke exposure increased cis isomers (26% for 13-cis and 22% for 9-cis) of lycopene in the lungs of ferrets, compared with that of ferrets supplemented with lycopene alone (20% for 13-cis and 14% for 9-cis). In conclusion, lycopene may mediate its protective effects against smoke-induced lung carcinogenesis in ferrets through up-regulating IGFBP-3 and down-regulating phosphorylation of BAD, which promote apoptosis and inhibit cell proliferation. JF - Cancer research AU - Liu, Chun AU - Lian, Fuzhi AU - Smith, Donald E AU - Russell, Robert M AU - Wang, Xiang-Dong AD - Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA. Y1 - 2003/06/15/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 15 SP - 3138 EP - 3144 VL - 63 IS - 12 SN - 0008-5472, 0008-5472 KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents KW - 0 KW - Carrier Proteins KW - Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 KW - Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 KW - Smoke KW - bcl-Associated Death Protein KW - bcl-X Protein KW - Carotenoids KW - 36-88-4 KW - Insulin-Like Growth Factor I KW - 67763-96-6 KW - CASP3 protein, human KW - EC 3.4.22.- KW - Caspase 3 KW - Caspases KW - lycopene KW - SB0N2N0WV6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Models, Animal KW - Protein Processing, Post-Translational -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Carrier Proteins -- metabolism KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Insulin-Like Growth Factor I -- metabolism KW - Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen -- analysis KW - Caspases -- metabolism KW - Phosphorylation -- drug effects KW - Metaplasia KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 -- metabolism KW - Ferrets KW - Tobacco KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Isomerism KW - Dietary Supplements KW - Gene Expression Regulation -- drug effects KW - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical KW - Male KW - Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 -- genetics KW - Smoke -- adverse effects KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 -- biosynthesis KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Carotenoids -- pharmacology KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Carotenoids -- pharmacokinetics KW - Carotenoids -- therapeutic use KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents -- pharmacology KW - Apoptosis -- drug effects KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Carotenoids -- administration & dosage KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73424653?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+research&rft.atitle=Lycopene+supplementation+inhibits+lung+squamous+metaplasia+and+induces+apoptosis+via+up-regulating+insulin-like+growth+factor-binding+protein+3+in+cigarette+smoke-exposed+ferrets.&rft.au=Liu%2C+Chun%3BLian%2C+Fuzhi%3BSmith%2C+Donald+E%3BRussell%2C+Robert+M%3BWang%2C+Xiang-Dong&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Chun&rft.date=2003-06-15&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=3138&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+research&rft.issn=00085472&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-28 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of agitation, inoculum density, pH, and strain on the growth parameters of Escherichia coli O157:H7--relevance to risk assessment. AN - 73215481; 12706036 AB - Foods may differ in at least two key variables from broth culture systems typically used to measure growth kinetics of enteropathogens: initial population density of the pathogen and agitation of the culture. The present study used nine Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains isolated from beef and associated with human illness. Initial kinetic experiments with one E. coli O157:H7 strain in brain-heart infusion (BHI) broth at pH 5.5 were performed in a 2 x 2 x 3 factorial design, testing the effects of a low (ca. 1-10 colony-forming units [CFU]/ml) or high (ca. 1000 CFU/ml) initial population density, culture agitation or no culture agitation, and incubation temperatures of 10, 19, and 37 degrees C. Kinetic data were modeled using simple linear regression and the Baranyi model. Both model forms provided good statistical fit to the data (adjusted r(2)>0.95). Significant effects of agitation and initial population density were identified at 10 degrees C but not at 19 or 37 degrees C. Similar growth patterns were observed for two additional strains tested under the same experimental design. The lag, slope, and maximum population density (MPD) parameters were significantly different by treatment. Further tests were conducted in a 96-well microtiter plate system to determine the effect of initial population density and low pH (4.6-5.5) on the growth of E. coli O157:H7 strains in BHI at 10, 19, and 37 degrees C. Strain variability was more apparent at the boundary conditions of growth of low pH and low temperature. This study demonstrates the need for growth models that are specific to food products and environments for plausible extrapolation to risk assessment models. JF - International journal of food microbiology AU - Coleman, M E AU - Tamplin, M L AU - Phillips, J G AU - Marmer, B S AD - USDA/Food Safety and Inspection Service, Office of Public Health and Science, Food Risk Assessment Center, 1400 Independence Ave., SW, Rm. 386 Aerospace Building, Washington, DC 20250-3700, USA. Peg.Coleman@usda.gov Y1 - 2003/06/15/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 15 SP - 147 EP - 160 VL - 83 IS - 2 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Kinetics KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Humans KW - Temperature KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Models, Biological KW - Risk Assessment KW - Food Microbiology KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- isolation & purification KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73215481?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+food+microbiology&rft.atitle=Influence+of+agitation%2C+inoculum+density%2C+pH%2C+and+strain+on+the+growth+parameters+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7--relevance+to+risk+assessment.&rft.au=Coleman%2C+M+E%3BTamplin%2C+M+L%3BPhillips%2C+J+G%3BMarmer%2C+B+S&rft.aulast=Coleman&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-06-15&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+food+microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-22 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Livestock grazing impacts on phosphorus in a carbonate spring AN - 39783956; 3765133 AU - Boyer, D AU - Alloush, G A Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39783956?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Livestock+grazing+impacts+on+phosphorus+in+a+carbonate+spring&rft.au=Boyer%2C+D%3BAlloush%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Boyer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Water Resources Association, 4 West Federal Street, P.O. Box 1626, Middleburg, VA 20118-1626, USA; URL: www.awra.org. Poster Paper N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - U.S. livestock traceability developments AN - 39764518; 3763181 AU - Wiemers, J F Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39764518?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=U.S.+livestock+traceability+developments&rft.au=Wiemers%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Wiemers&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: US Department of Agriculture, URL: www.usda.gov N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - 2003 agricultural prospects AN - 39764004; 3763109 AU - Collins, K Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39764004?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=2003+agricultural+prospects&rft.au=Collins%2C+K&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: US Department of Agriculture, URL: www.usda.gov N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of dietary probiotics on the immune function of young pigs AN - 39755597; 3771556 AU - Solano-Aguilar, G AU - Ledbetter, T AU - Dawson, H AU - Schoene, N AU - Urban, J Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39755597?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+dietary+probiotics+on+the+immune+function+of+young+pigs&rft.au=Solano-Aguilar%2C+G%3BLedbetter%2C+T%3BDawson%2C+H%3BSchoene%2C+N%3BUrban%2C+J&rft.aulast=Solano-Aguilar&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: DPP 2003, c/o Dept. of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Sciences, 410 Agriculture and Forestry Centre, Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Considerations to help avoid transition cow mineral disorders AN - 39725330; 3768458 AU - Goff, J Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39725330?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Considerations+to+help+avoid+transition+cow+mineral+disorders&rft.au=Goff%2C+J&rft.aulast=Goff&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Midwest Section of the American Dairy Science Association, 1111 North Dunlap Avenue, Savoy, IL 61874, USA; phone: 217-356-3182; fax: 217-398-4119; email: adsa@assochq.org; URL: www.asas.org. Paper No. 42 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Rural America entering the 21st century: Forces of change AN - 39709043; 3763119 AU - Brown, R J Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39709043?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Rural+America+entering+the+21st+century%3A+Forces+of+change&rft.au=Brown%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: US Department of Agriculture, URL: www.usda.gov N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - USDA outlook for grains and oilseeds in 2003 AN - 39698599; 3763152 AU - Riley, P Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39698599?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=USDA+outlook+for+grains+and+oilseeds+in+2003&rft.au=Riley%2C+P&rft.aulast=Riley&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: US Department of Agriculture, URL: www.usda.gov N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - New programs to benefit rural households and businesses AN - 39698450; 3763121 AU - Dorr, T C Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39698450?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=New+programs+to+benefit+rural+households+and+businesses&rft.au=Dorr%2C+T+C&rft.aulast=Dorr&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: US Department of Agriculture, URL: www.usda.gov N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Clostridium difficile prevalence in the neonatal pig gut is increased by parenteral feeding versus enteral feeding AN - 39695981; 3771565 AU - Harvey, R B AU - Andrews, K AU - Droleskey, R E AU - Kansagra, K V AU - Stoll, B AU - Burrin, D G AU - Genovese, K J Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39695981?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Clostridium+difficile+prevalence+in+the+neonatal+pig+gut+is+increased+by+parenteral+feeding+versus+enteral+feeding&rft.au=Harvey%2C+R+B%3BAndrews%2C+K%3BDroleskey%2C+R+E%3BKansagra%2C+K+V%3BStoll%2C+B%3BBurrin%2C+D+G%3BGenovese%2C+K+J&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: DPP 2003, c/o Dept. of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Sciences, 410 Agriculture and Forestry Centre, Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Riboprinter characterization and antibiotic sensitivity profiles of campylobacter coli isolates from swine AN - 39695941; 3771562 AU - Sheffield, CL AU - Hume, ME AU - Droleskey, R E AU - Harvey, R B AU - Bischoff, K M Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39695941?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Riboprinter+characterization+and+antibiotic+sensitivity+profiles+of+campylobacter+coli+isolates+from+swine&rft.au=Sheffield%2C+CL%3BHume%2C+ME%3BDroleskey%2C+R+E%3BHarvey%2C+R+B%3BBischoff%2C+K+M&rft.aulast=Sheffield&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: DPP 2003, c/o Dept. of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Sciences, 410 Agriculture and Forestry Centre, Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evaluation of research and the scientific basis of native-plant selection in ecological restoration AN - 39694623; 3770296 AU - Booth, D T AU - Vogel, K P Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39694623?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+research+and+the+scientific+basis+of+native-plant+selection+in+ecological+restoration&rft.au=Booth%2C+D+T%3BVogel%2C+K+P&rft.aulast=Booth&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@rangelands.org; URL: www.rangelands.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Influence of thinning on snowshoe hare abundance, habitat use, and implications for lynx AN - 39687393; 3770357 AU - Clark, A A AU - Bull, EL Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39687393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Influence+of+thinning+on+snowshoe+hare+abundance%2C+habitat+use%2C+and+implications+for+lynx&rft.au=Clark%2C+A+A%3BBull%2C+EL&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@rangelands.org; URL: www.rangelands.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Ecological health and diversity indicators and data sets AN - 39687227; 3770299 AU - Joyce, L Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39687227?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Ecological+health+and+diversity+indicators+and+data+sets&rft.au=Joyce%2C+L&rft.aulast=Joyce&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@rangelands.org; URL: www.rangelands.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Role of population genetics in revegetation: Philosophy and empirical data AN - 39687179; 3770297 AU - McArthur, ED AU - Hipkins, V AU - Cronn, R Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39687179?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Role+of+population+genetics+in+revegetation%3A+Philosophy+and+empirical+data&rft.au=McArthur%2C+ED%3BHipkins%2C+V%3BCronn%2C+R&rft.aulast=McArthur&rft.aufirst=ED&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@rangelands.org; URL: www.rangelands.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - USDA tobacco program AN - 39685569; 3763201 AU - Stevens, D Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39685569?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=USDA+tobacco+program&rft.au=Stevens%2C+D&rft.aulast=Stevens&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: US Department of Agriculture, URL: www.usda.gov N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - U.S. tobacco situation and outlook AN - 39685529; 3763200 AU - Capehart, T Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39685529?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=U.S.+tobacco+situation+and+outlook&rft.au=Capehart%2C+T&rft.aulast=Capehart&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: US Department of Agriculture, URL: www.usda.gov N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Immune response in Escherichicia coli challenged pigs exhibiting a febrile response in absence of elevated TNF-a AN - 39685313; 3768652 AU - Strauch, T A AU - Carroll, JA AU - Fangman, T J AU - Wiedmeyer, CE AU - Hambach, A K Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39685313?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Immune+response+in+Escherichicia+coli+challenged+pigs+exhibiting+a+febrile+response+in+absence+of+elevated+TNF-a&rft.au=Strauch%2C+T+A%3BCarroll%2C+JA%3BFangman%2C+T+J%3BWiedmeyer%2C+CE%3BHambach%2C+A+K&rft.aulast=Strauch&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Midwest Section of the American Dairy Science Association, 1111 North Dunlap Avenue, Savoy, IL 61874, USA; phone: 217-356-3182; fax: 217-398-4119; email: adsa@assochq.org; URL: www.asas.org. Paper No. 256 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Economic outlook for farm households and their farming establishments AN - 39685221; 3763120 AU - Mishra, A Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39685221?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Economic+outlook+for+farm+households+and+their+farming+establishments&rft.au=Mishra%2C+A&rft.aulast=Mishra&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: US Department of Agriculture, URL: www.usda.gov N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of short chain fructooligosaccharides and tylosin (Tylan+) on performance and fecal bacterial populations of nursery pigs AN - 39685149; 3768421 AU - Howard, M AU - Wojcik, E Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39685149?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effects+of+short+chain+fructooligosaccharides+and+tylosin+%28Tylan%2B%29+on+performance+and+fecal+bacterial+populations+of+nursery+pigs&rft.au=Howard%2C+M%3BWojcik%2C+E&rft.aulast=Howard&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Midwest Section of the American Dairy Science Association, 1111 North Dunlap Avenue, Savoy, IL 61874, USA; phone: 217-356-3182; fax: 217-398-4119; email: adsa@assochq.org; URL: www.asas.org. Poster Paper No. 179 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - United States forest service's role in rangeland management AN - 39683790; 3770034 AU - Collins, S Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39683790?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=United+States+forest+service%27s+role+in+rangeland+management&rft.au=Collins%2C+S&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@rangelands.org; URL: www.rangelands.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Application of Omernik's eco-regions in conservation planning and application AN - 39676422; 3770292 AU - Rouse, G B Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39676422?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Application+of+Omernik%27s+eco-regions+in+conservation+planning+and+application&rft.au=Rouse%2C+G+B&rft.aulast=Rouse&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@rangelands.org; URL: www.rangelands.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Food consumption in America: Looking ahead to 2020 AN - 39675351; 3763148 AU - Blaylock, J Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39675351?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Food+consumption+in+America%3A+Looking+ahead+to+2020&rft.au=Blaylock%2C+J&rft.aulast=Blaylock&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: US Department of Agriculture, URL: www.usda.gov N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - DNA polymorphism and quantitative trait variation in Elymus squirreltail grasses of Western North America AN - 39674860; 3770294 AU - Larson AU - Jones, T A Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39674860?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=DNA+polymorphism+and+quantitative+trait+variation+in+Elymus+squirreltail+grasses+of+Western+North+America&rft.au=Larson%3BJones%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Larson&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@rangelands.org; URL: www.rangelands.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Dietary amino acid utilization: Metabolic fate and functional significance in the gut AN - 39672833; 3768390 AU - Burrin, D Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39672833?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Dietary+amino+acid+utilization%3A+Metabolic+fate+and+functional+significance+in+the+gut&rft.au=Burrin%2C+D&rft.aulast=Burrin&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Midwest Section of the American Dairy Science Association, 1111 North Dunlap Avenue, Savoy, IL 61874, USA; phone: 217-356-3182; fax: 217-398-4119; email: adsa@assochq.org; URL: www.asas.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Glucagon-like peptide-2-mediated upregulation of intestinal blood flow and glucose utilization is nitric oxide-dependent in parenterally fed neonatal pigs AN - 39671949; 3771575 AU - Burrin, D AU - Guan, X AU - Stoll, B AU - Lu, X AU - Tappenden, KA AU - Holst, J J AU - Hartmann, B Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39671949?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Glucagon-like+peptide-2-mediated+upregulation+of+intestinal+blood+flow+and+glucose+utilization+is+nitric+oxide-dependent+in+parenterally+fed+neonatal+pigs&rft.au=Burrin%2C+D%3BGuan%2C+X%3BStoll%2C+B%3BLu%2C+X%3BTappenden%2C+KA%3BHolst%2C+J+J%3BHartmann%2C+B&rft.aulast=Burrin&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: DPP 2003, c/o Dept. of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Sciences, 410 Agriculture and Forestry Centre, Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Ants and termites: The little things that run your ranch AN - 39669848; 3770181 AU - Bestelmeyer, B T AU - Whitford, W G Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39669848?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Ants+and+termites%3A+The+little+things+that+run+your+ranch&rft.au=Bestelmeyer%2C+B+T%3BWhitford%2C+W+G&rft.aulast=Bestelmeyer&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@rangelands.org; URL: www.rangelands.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Characterization of the carbon storage potential of U.S. rangelands with long-term CO sub(2) flux measurements AN - 39669202; 3770117 AU - Svejcar, T AU - Dugas, B AU - Mayeux, H AU - Johnson, D AU - Frank, A AU - Gilmanov, T AU - Angell, R AU - Morgan, J AU - Sims, P AU - Bradford, J Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39669202?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+the+carbon+storage+potential+of+U.S.+rangelands+with+long-term+CO+sub%282%29+flux+measurements&rft.au=Svejcar%2C+T%3BDugas%2C+B%3BMayeux%2C+H%3BJohnson%2C+D%3BFrank%2C+A%3BGilmanov%2C+T%3BAngell%2C+R%3BMorgan%2C+J%3BSims%2C+P%3BBradford%2C+J&rft.aulast=Svejcar&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@rangelands.org; URL: www.rangelands.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - U.S. cotton supply response under the 2002 Farm Act AN - 39668291; 3763177 AU - Westcott, P C Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39668291?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=U.S.+cotton+supply+response+under+the+2002+Farm+Act&rft.au=Westcott%2C+P+C&rft.aulast=Westcott&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: US Department of Agriculture, URL: www.usda.gov N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of sire line, sire, and sex on plasma urea nitrogen (PUN), body weight, and backfat thickness in offspring of Duroc and Landrace boars and heritabilities AN - 39667070; 3768446 AU - Klindt, J AU - Thallman, R M AU - Yen, J T AU - Wise, T Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39667070?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effects+of+sire+line%2C+sire%2C+and+sex+on+plasma+urea+nitrogen+%28PUN%29%2C+body+weight%2C+and+backfat+thickness+in+offspring+of+Duroc+and+Landrace+boars+and+heritabilities&rft.au=Klindt%2C+J%3BThallman%2C+R+M%3BYen%2C+J+T%3BWise%2C+T&rft.aulast=Klindt&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Midwest Section of the American Dairy Science Association, 1111 North Dunlap Avenue, Savoy, IL 61874, USA; phone: 217-356-3182; fax: 217-398-4119; email: adsa@assochq.org; URL: www.asas.org. Paper No. 18 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Models for a composite trait such as litter weight weaned for Polypay ewes AN - 39667033; 3768441 AU - Van Vleck, LD AU - Hanford, K J AU - Snowder, G D Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39667033?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Models+for+a+composite+trait+such+as+litter+weight+weaned+for+Polypay+ewes&rft.au=Van+Vleck%2C+LD%3BHanford%2C+K+J%3BSnowder%2C+G+D&rft.aulast=Van+Vleck&rft.aufirst=LD&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Midwest Section of the American Dairy Science Association, 1111 North Dunlap Avenue, Savoy, IL 61874, USA; phone: 217-356-3182; fax: 217-398-4119; email: adsa@assochq.org; URL: www.asas.org. Paper No. 13 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Increasing the holding time of boar spermatozoa at 15C before freezing decreases fertility AN - 39666281; 3768643 AU - Guthrie, H D AU - Welch, G R Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39666281?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Increasing+the+holding+time+of+boar+spermatozoa+at+15C+before+freezing+decreases+fertility&rft.au=Guthrie%2C+H+D%3BWelch%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Guthrie&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Midwest Section of the American Dairy Science Association, 1111 North Dunlap Avenue, Savoy, IL 61874, USA; phone: 217-356-3182; fax: 217-398-4119; email: adsa@assochq.org; URL: www.asas.org. Poster Paper No. 247 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Influence of prior nutritional treatment on residual feed intake as an indicator of efficiency AN - 39663677; 3768567 AU - Ferrell, CL AU - Jenkins, T G AU - Freetly, H C Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39663677?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Influence+of+prior+nutritional+treatment+on+residual+feed+intake+as+an+indicator+of+efficiency&rft.au=Ferrell%2C+CL%3BJenkins%2C+T+G%3BFreetly%2C+H+C&rft.aulast=Ferrell&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Midwest Section of the American Dairy Science Association, 1111 North Dunlap Avenue, Savoy, IL 61874, USA; phone: 217-356-3182; fax: 217-398-4119; email: adsa@assochq.org; URL: www.asas.org. Poster Paper No. 301 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Physiological and biological limitations for nutrient utilization in farm animals AN - 39663578; 3768527 AU - Kerr, B J Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39663578?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Physiological+and+biological+limitations+for+nutrient+utilization+in+farm+animals&rft.au=Kerr%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Kerr&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Midwest Section of the American Dairy Science Association, 1111 North Dunlap Avenue, Savoy, IL 61874, USA; phone: 217-356-3182; fax: 217-398-4119; email: adsa@assochq.org; URL: www.asas.org. Paper No. 231 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Population structure, ecotypic adaptation and evolution: Caveats for restoration AN - 39663497; 3770298 AU - Richards, C Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39663497?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Population+structure%2C+ecotypic+adaptation+and+evolution%3A+Caveats+for+restoration&rft.au=Richards%2C+C&rft.aulast=Richards&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@rangelands.org; URL: www.rangelands.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Endocrine responses to short-term feed deprivation in weanling pigs AN - 39661506; 3768648 AU - Salfen, B E AU - Carroll, JA Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39661506?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Endocrine+responses+to+short-term+feed+deprivation+in+weanling+pigs&rft.au=Salfen%2C+B+E%3BCarroll%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Salfen&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Midwest Section of the American Dairy Science Association, 1111 North Dunlap Avenue, Savoy, IL 61874, USA; phone: 217-356-3182; fax: 217-398-4119; email: adsa@assochq.org; URL: www.asas.org. Poster Paper No. 252 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - 2003 outlook for milk and dairy products AN - 39660749; 3763202 AU - McDowell, H Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39660749?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=2003+outlook+for+milk+and+dairy+products&rft.au=McDowell%2C+H&rft.aulast=McDowell&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: US Department of Agriculture, URL: www.usda.gov N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Lessons learned from U.S. government trade capacity building programs AN - 39660672; 3763165 AU - Heinen, S Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39660672?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Lessons+learned+from+U.S.+government+trade+capacity+building+programs&rft.au=Heinen%2C+S&rft.aulast=Heinen&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: US Department of Agriculture, URL: www.usda.gov N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Natural resources conservation service's role in rangeland management AN - 39641106; 3770035 AU - Knight, B Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39641106?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Natural+resources+conservation+service%27s+role+in+rangeland+management&rft.au=Knight%2C+B&rft.aulast=Knight&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@rangelands.org; URL: www.rangelands.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Converting a hardwood watershed to spruce: Effects on channel morphology AN - 39640879; 3765307 AU - Edwards, P AU - Watson, E Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39640879?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Converting+a+hardwood+watershed+to+spruce%3A+Effects+on+channel+morphology&rft.au=Edwards%2C+P%3BWatson%2C+E&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Water Resources Association, 4 West Federal Street, P.O. Box 1626, Middleburg, VA 20118-1626, USA; URL: www.awra.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Impact of demands for environmental quality in the United States and elsewhere AN - 39633324; 3763114 AU - Bryson, N Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39633324?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Impact+of+demands+for+environmental+quality+in+the+United+States+and+elsewhere&rft.au=Bryson%2C+N&rft.aulast=Bryson&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: US Department of Agriculture, URL: www.usda.gov N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - U.S. and world cotton outlook AN - 39630403; 3763176 AU - MacDonald, S Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39630403?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=U.S.+and+world+cotton+outlook&rft.au=MacDonald%2C+S&rft.aulast=MacDonald&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: US Department of Agriculture, URL: www.usda.gov N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Use of a porcine-derived, defined culture of commensal bacteria as an alternative to antibiotics to control E. coli disease in weaned pigs: Field trial results AN - 39628701; 3771554 AU - Harvey, R B AU - Ebert, R C AU - Schmitt, C S AU - Andrews, K AU - Genovese, K J AU - Anderson, R C AU - Scott, H M Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39628701?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Use+of+a+porcine-derived%2C+defined+culture+of+commensal+bacteria+as+an+alternative+to+antibiotics+to+control+E.+coli+disease+in+weaned+pigs%3A+Field+trial+results&rft.au=Harvey%2C+R+B%3BEbert%2C+R+C%3BSchmitt%2C+C+S%3BAndrews%2C+K%3BGenovese%2C+K+J%3BAnderson%2C+R+C%3BScott%2C+H+M&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: DPP 2003, c/o Dept. of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Sciences, 410 Agriculture and Forestry Centre, Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of thermal and hormonal manipulation of developing chick embryos on post-hatch behavior and physiology AN - 39622527; 3768594 AU - Toscano, MJ AU - Lay, DC Jr AU - Scott, KA AU - Smith, H K AU - Wilson, ME Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39622527?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+thermal+and+hormonal+manipulation+of+developing+chick+embryos+on+post-hatch+behavior+and+physiology&rft.au=Toscano%2C+MJ%3BLay%2C+DC+Jr%3BScott%2C+KA%3BSmith%2C+H+K%3BWilson%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Toscano&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Midwest Section of the American Dairy Science Association, 1111 North Dunlap Avenue, Savoy, IL 61874, USA; phone: 217-356-3182; fax: 217-398-4119; email: adsa@assochq.org; URL: www.asas.org. Poster Paper No. 5 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Germplasm evaluation in beef cattle: Cycle IV: Post weaning growth and feed efficiency AN - 39621157; 3768683 AU - Snowder, G D AU - Cundiff, LV AU - Koch, R M AU - Gregory, KE Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39621157?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Germplasm+evaluation+in+beef+cattle%3A+Cycle+IV%3A+Post+weaning+growth+and+feed+efficiency&rft.au=Snowder%2C+G+D%3BCundiff%2C+LV%3BKoch%2C+R+M%3BGregory%2C+KE&rft.aulast=Snowder&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Midwest Section of the American Dairy Science Association, 1111 North Dunlap Avenue, Savoy, IL 61874, USA; phone: 217-356-3182; fax: 217-398-4119; email: adsa@assochq.org; URL: www.asas.org. Paper No. 34 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Swine production systems: Animal welfare considerations AN - 39620870; 3768359 AU - Lay, DCJr Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39620870?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Swine+production+systems%3A+Animal+welfare+considerations&rft.au=Lay%2C+DCJr&rft.aulast=Lay&rft.aufirst=DCJr&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Midwest Section of the American Dairy Science Association, 1111 North Dunlap Avenue, Savoy, IL 61874, USA; phone: 217-356-3182; fax: 217-398-4119; email: adsa@assochq.org; URL: www.asas.org. Paper No. 1 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Birth and weaning traits of topcross progeny of Hereford, Angus, Brangus, Beefmaster, Bonsmara, and Romosinuano sires AN - 39615439; 3768681 AU - Cundiff, LV Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39615439?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Birth+and+weaning+traits+of+topcross+progeny+of+Hereford%2C+Angus%2C+Brangus%2C+Beefmaster%2C+Bonsmara%2C+and+Romosinuano+sires&rft.au=Cundiff%2C+LV&rft.aulast=Cundiff&rft.aufirst=LV&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Midwest Section of the American Dairy Science Association, 1111 North Dunlap Avenue, Savoy, IL 61874, USA; phone: 217-356-3182; fax: 217-398-4119; email: adsa@assochq.org; URL: www.asas.org. Paper No. 32 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Modeling alternative strategies to stabilize host response in subclinical disease AN - 39615298; 3768661 AU - Elsasser, TH Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39615298?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Modeling+alternative+strategies+to+stabilize+host+response+in+subclinical+disease&rft.au=Elsasser%2C+TH&rft.aulast=Elsasser&rft.aufirst=TH&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Midwest Section of the American Dairy Science Association, 1111 North Dunlap Avenue, Savoy, IL 61874, USA; phone: 217-356-3182; fax: 217-398-4119; email: adsa@assochq.org; URL: www.asas.org. Paper No. 326 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Efficacy of restricted/ad libitum feeding strategy for group-fed gilts during development AN - 39614787; 3768364 AU - Klindt, J AU - Yen, J T AU - Christenson, R K Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39614787?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+restricted%2Fad+libitum+feeding+strategy+for+group-fed+gilts+during+development&rft.au=Klindt%2C+J%3BYen%2C+J+T%3BChristenson%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Klindt&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Midwest Section of the American Dairy Science Association, 1111 North Dunlap Avenue, Savoy, IL 61874, USA; phone: 217-356-3182; fax: 217-398-4119; email: adsa@assochq.org; URL: www.asas.org. Paper No. 125 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Polymorphism in the pig erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) gene is associated with uterine capacity AN - 39613250; 3768657 AU - Vallet, J L AU - Freking, BA AU - Leymaster, KA AU - Christenson, R K Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39613250?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Polymorphism+in+the+pig+erythropoietin+receptor+%28EPOR%29+gene+is+associated+with+uterine+capacity&rft.au=Vallet%2C+J+L%3BFreking%2C+BA%3BLeymaster%2C+KA%3BChristenson%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Vallet&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Midwest Section of the American Dairy Science Association, 1111 North Dunlap Avenue, Savoy, IL 61874, USA; phone: 217-356-3182; fax: 217-398-4119; email: adsa@assochq.org; URL: www.asas.org. Paper No. 261 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Modeling regional evapotranspiration for forested watersheds across the Southern United States AN - 39571325; 3765249 AU - Lu, J AU - Sun, G AU - McNulty, S G AU - Amatya, D M Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39571325?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Modeling+regional+evapotranspiration+for+forested+watersheds+across+the+Southern+United+States&rft.au=Lu%2C+J%3BSun%2C+G%3BMcNulty%2C+S+G%3BAmatya%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Lu&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Water Resources Association, 4 West Federal Street, P.O. Box 1626, Middleburg, VA 20118-1626, USA; URL: www.awra.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fire and amphibians in North America AN - 18927043; 5657740 AB - Information on amphibian responses to fire and fuel reduction practices is critically needed due to potential declines of species and the prevalence of new, more intensive fire management practices in North American forests. The goals of this review are to summarize the known and potential effects of fire and fuels management on amphibians and their aquatic habitats, and to identify information gaps to help direct future scientific research. Amphibians as a group are taxonomically and ecologically diverse; in turn, responses to fire and associated habitat alteration are expected to vary widely among species and among geographic regions. Available data suggest that amphibian responses to fire are spatially and temporally variable and incompletely understood. Much of the limited research has addressed short-term (1-3 years) effects of prescribed fire on terrestrial life stages of amphibians in the southeastern United States. Information on the long-term negative effects of fire on amphibians and the importance of fire for maintaining amphibian communities is sparse for the majority of taxa in North America. Given the size and severity of recent wildland fires and the national effort to reduce fuels on federal lands, future studies are needed to examine the effects of these landscape disturbances on amphibians. We encourage studies to address population-level responses of amphibians to fire by examining how different life stages are affected by changes in aquatic, riparian, and upland habitats. Research designs need to be credible and provide information that is relevant for fire managers and those responsible for assessing the potential effects of various fuel reduction alternatives on rare, sensitive, and endangered amphibian species. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Pilliod, D S AU - Bury, R B AU - Hyde, E J AU - Pearl, CA AU - Corn, P S AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute, P.O. Box 8089, Missoula, MT 59807, USA, dpilliod@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/06/03/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 03 SP - 163 EP - 181 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 178 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Amphibians KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Ecology Abstracts KW - Natural disturbance KW - North America KW - Fires KW - Population studies KW - Freshwater KW - Population dynamics KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - Amphibia KW - USA KW - Fire KW - Nature conservation KW - Ecosystem management KW - D 04700:Management KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - Q1 08442:Population dynamics KW - Q1 08321:General KW - D 04669:Amphibians UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18927043?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Fire+and+amphibians+in+North+America&rft.au=Pilliod%2C+D+S%3BBury%2C+R+B%3BHyde%2C+E+J%3BPearl%2C+CA%3BCorn%2C+P+S&rft.aulast=Pilliod&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-06-03&rft.volume=178&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1127%2803%2900060-4 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fire; Ecosystem management; Nature conservation; Population dynamics; Ecosystem disturbance; Natural disturbance; Fires; Population studies; Amphibia; North America; USA; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00060-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fire and aquatic ecosystems of the western USA: current knowledge and key questions AN - 18924548; 5657743 AB - Understanding of the effects of wildland fire and fire management on aquatic and riparian ecosystems is an evolving field, with many questions still to be resolved. Limitations of current knowledge, and the certainty that fire management will continue, underscore the need to summarize available information. Integrating fire and fuels management with aquatic ecosystem conservation begins with recognizing that terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems are linked and dynamic, and that fire can play a critical role in maintaining aquatic ecological diversity. To protect aquatic ecosystems we argue that it will be important to: (1) accommodate fire-related and other ecological processes that maintain aquatic habitats and biodiversity, and not simply control fires or fuels; (2) prioritize projects according to risks and opportunities for fire control and the protection of aquatic ecosystems; and (3) develop new consistency in the management and regulatory process. Ultimately, all natural resource management is uncertain; the role of science is to apply experimental design and hypothesis testing to management applications that affect fire and aquatic ecosystems. Policy-makers and the public will benefit from an expanded appreciation of fire ecology that enables them to implement watershed management projects as experiments with hypothesized outcomes, adequate controls, and replication. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Bisson, P A AU - Rieman, B E AU - Luce, C AU - Hessburg, P F AU - Lee, D C AU - Kershner, J L AU - Reeves, G H AU - Gresswell, R E AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3625 93rd Avenue SW, Olympia, WA 98512, USA, pbisson@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/06/03/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 03 SP - 213 EP - 229 VL - 178 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Forest management KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Ecology Abstracts KW - Fires KW - Resource conservation KW - USA, West KW - Biodiversity KW - Freshwater KW - Aquatic ecosystems KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - Aquatic communities KW - Fire KW - Riparian environments KW - Ecosystem management KW - Environment management KW - D 04700:Management KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - D 04310:Freshwater KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18924548?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Fire+and+aquatic+ecosystems+of+the+western+USA%3A+current+knowledge+and+key+questions&rft.au=Bisson%2C+P+A%3BRieman%2C+B+E%3BLuce%2C+C%3BHessburg%2C+P+F%3BLee%2C+D+C%3BKershner%2C+J+L%3BReeves%2C+G+H%3BGresswell%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Bisson&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-06-03&rft.volume=178&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=213&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1127%2803%2900063-X LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aquatic communities; Resource conservation; Fire; Ecosystem management; Riparian environments; Biodiversity; Environment management; Ecosystem disturbance; Fires; Aquatic ecosystems; USA, West; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00063-X ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An environmental narrative of Inland Northwest United States forests, 1800-2000 AN - 18864300; 5657732 AB - Fire was arguably the most important forest and rangeland disturbance process in the Inland Northwest United States for millennia. Prior to the Lewis and Clark expedition, fire regimes ranged from high severity with return intervals of one to five centuries, to low severity with fire-free periods lasting three decades or less. Indoamerican burning contributed to the fire ecology of grasslands and lower and mid-montane dry forests, especially where ponderosa pine was the dominant overstory species, but the extent of this contribution is difficult to quantify. Two centuries of settlement, exploitation, management, and climate variation have transformed the fire regimes, vegetation and fuel patterns, and overall functionality of these forests. We present a narrative that portrays conditions beginning at the first contact of Euro-American settlers with Indoamericans of the region and extending to the present. Due in part to its geographic isolation, the Inland Northwest was among the last regions to be discovered by Euro-Americans. In 200 years the region has undergone fur trapping and trading, sheep, cattle, and horse grazing, timber harvesting, mining, road construction, native grassland conversion to agricultural production, urban and rural area development, fire prevention, and fire suppression. We highlight key changes to forest landscape patterns and processes that occurred under these combined influences, discuss implications of the changes, and progress towards restoring sustainability. An adaptive ecosystem management model has been adopted by public land management agencies to remedy current conditions. Ecosystem management is a relatively new concept that emphasizes the integrity and sustainability of land systems rather than outputs from the land. Adaptive management emphasizes the twin notions that incomplete knowledge and high degrees of risk and uncertainty about earth and climate systems will always limit land and resource planning and management decisions, and that management is chiefly a learning and adapting process. We discuss current issues and future options associated with ecosystem management, including the low likelihood of social consensus concerning desired outcomes, the lack of integrated planning, analysis, and decision support tools, and mismatches between existing land management planning processes, Congressional appropriations, and complex management and restoration problems. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Hessburg, P F AU - Agee, J K AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1133 N. Western Avenue, Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA, phessburg@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/06/03/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 03 SP - 23 EP - 59 VL - 178 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18864300?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=An+environmental+narrative+of+Inland+Northwest+United+States+forests%2C+1800-2000&rft.au=Hessburg%2C+P+F%3BAgee%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Hessburg&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-06-03&rft.volume=178&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1127%2803%2900052-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00052-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - FACTORS AFFECTING THE BACTERIAL CAPTURE EFFICIENCY OF IMMUNO BEADS: A COMPARISON BETWEEN BEADS WITH DIFFERENT SIZE AND DENSITY AN - 879472121; 14304359 AB - AbstractBiotinylated anti E. coli O157 antibodies were linked to streptavidin coated magnetic and polystyrene beads of different sizes and densities. These beads were then used to capture cultured E. coli O157:H7. Complexes formed between fluorescein-conjugated anti E. coli O157 antibodies and urease-conjugated anti-fluorescein antibodies further labeled bead-captured bacteria. The extent of the bacterial capture was related to the signal intensity of a light addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) that measured the pH changes associated with urease-catalyzed hydrolysis of urea. Under the conditions of applying the same amounts of biotinylated anti E. coli O157 antibody to beads, analyses of the capture kinetics indicated that heavier beads exhibited a better efficiency in capturing the target bacteria than that associated with the lighter beads of the same size. Furthermore, with the same density, larger bead diameters were more effective in capturing the bacteria. Since sedimentation volumes for the heavier and larger beads are greater than those of the lighter and smaller beads, more interactions with the target by the heavier and larger beads are expected. Consequently, the observation is in agreement with a hydrodynamic kinetic model that predicts the bacterial capture is controlled by the sedimentation motion of the beads. JF - Journal of Rapid Methods and Automation in Microbiology AU - Tu, S-I AU - Uknalis, J AU - Gore, M AU - Irwin, P AU - Feder, I AD - USDA, ARS, NAA Eastern Regional Research Center 600 E. Mermaid Lane Wyndmoor, PA 19038 Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 35 EP - 46 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 11 IS - 1 SN - 1060-3999, 1060-3999 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Antibodies KW - Escherichia coli KW - J:02300 KW - A:01300 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/879472121?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Rapid+Methods+and+Automation+in+Microbiology&rft.atitle=FACTORS+AFFECTING+THE+BACTERIAL+CAPTURE+EFFICIENCY+OF+IMMUNO+BEADS%3A+A+COMPARISON+BETWEEN+BEADS+WITH+DIFFERENT+SIZE+AND+DENSITY&rft.au=Tu%2C+S-I%3BUknalis%2C+J%3BGore%2C+M%3BIrwin%2C+P%3BFeder%2C+I&rft.aulast=Tu&rft.aufirst=S-I&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Rapid+Methods+and+Automation+in+Microbiology&rft.issn=10603999&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1745-4581.2003.tb00406.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Antibodies; Escherichia coli DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4581.2003.tb00406.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nickel deficiency diminishes sperm quantity and movement in rats AN - 815538255; 13855872 AB - Early studies on nickel essentiality with rats and goats indicated that nickel deprivation impaired reproductive performance. Nickel also has been found to influence cyclic nucleotide gated channels (CNG); these types of channels are important in sperm physiology. Thus, two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that nickel deficiency affects sperm physiology in a manner consistent with nickel having an essential function related to CNG channel functions. The experiments were factorially arranged with four treatment groups of eight weanling rats in each. In experiment 1, the treatments were supplemental dietary nickel of 0 and 1 mg/kg and N super( ) omega nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) added to the drinking water (50 mg/100 mL) the last 3 wk of an 8-wk experiment. In experment 2, the treatments were supplemental dietary nickel at 0 and 1 mg/kg and supplemental dietary sodium chloride (NaCl) at 0 and 80 g/kg. The NaCl and l-NAME variables were included to act as stressors affecting CNG channel activity. The basal diet contained per kilogram about 27 mu g of nickel and 1 g of sodium. After 8 wk in experiment 1 and 16 wk in experiment 2, urine while fasting and testes and epididymis in both experiments, and seminal vesicles and prostates in experiment 2 were harvested for analysis. Nickel deprivation significantly decreased spermatozoa motility and density in the epididymides, epididymal transit time of spermatozoa, and testes sperm production rate. Nickel deficiency also significantly decreased the weights of the seminal vesicles and prostate glands. Excessive NaCl had no effect on sperm physiology; however, it decreased prostate gland weights. The findings support the hypothesis that nickel has an essential function that possibly could affect reproductive performance in higher animals, perhaps through affecting a CNG channel function. JF - Biological Trace Element Research AU - Yokoi, Katsuhiko AU - Uthus, Eric O AU - Nielsen, Forrest H AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, 58202-9034, Grand Forks, ND Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 141 EP - 153 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 93 IS - 1-3 SN - 0163-4984, 0163-4984 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Diets KW - NG-Nitroarginine methyl ester KW - Epididymis KW - Nickel KW - Cyclic nucleotides KW - Seminal vesicle KW - Sperm KW - Fasting KW - Nitric-oxide synthase KW - Motility KW - Urine KW - ion channels (cyclic nucleotide-gated) KW - Drinking water KW - Prostate KW - Sodium chloride KW - X 24360:Metals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/815538255?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+Trace+Element+Research&rft.atitle=Nickel+deficiency+diminishes+sperm+quantity+and+movement+in+rats&rft.au=Yokoi%2C+Katsuhiko%3BUthus%2C+Eric+O%3BNielsen%2C+Forrest+H&rft.aulast=Yokoi&rft.aufirst=Katsuhiko&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=141&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+Trace+Element+Research&rft.issn=01634984&rft_id=info:doi/10.1385%2FBTER%3A93%3A1-3%3A141 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; NG-Nitroarginine methyl ester; Epididymis; Nickel; Seminal vesicle; Cyclic nucleotides; Fasting; Sperm; Nitric-oxide synthase; Motility; Urine; ion channels (cyclic nucleotide-gated); Drinking water; Prostate; Sodium chloride DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/BTER:93:1-3:141 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Muscarinic receptor subtype determines vulnerability to amyloid beta toxicity in transfected cos-7 cells. AN - 73524181; 12897405 AB - Research has suggested that there are age-related increases in neuronal sensitivity to insult from oxidative stress (OS) and that the CNS alterations seen in Alzheimer disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) are superimposed upon declining nervous and vascular systems. Since muscarinic receptors (mAChR) may be important in regional sensitivity, regulation of micro- circulation, and in various aspects of both neuronal (AbetaPP processing) and vascular functioning, we postulated that the various mAChR subtypes may show differential sensitivity to OS. Indeed, recent findings indicated that M1, M2, or M4 AChR-transfected COS-7 cells showed greater OS sensitivity [as reflected in Ca2+ buffering (i.e., the ability to extrude or sequester Ca2+ following oxotremorine-induced depolarization)] than those transfected with M3 or M5 AChR when exposed to dopamine. Interestingly, the results from the present study indicate that similar findings were also observed when the cells were exposed to Abeta 25-35 and Abeta 1-40 showed similar effects on M1 and M3 AChR. No effects were seen with Abeta 35-25 or Abeta 40-1. Thus, cells transfected with M1, M2 or M4 AChR showed greater disruptions in calcium regulation (as assessed via fluorescent imaging analysis prior to and following 750 microm oxotremorine) than those transfected with M3 or M5 AChR. We also examined the effects of calcium channel antagonists (e.g., Nifedipine) or antioxidants (vitamin E) in protecting against the deleterious effects of Abeta. Results are discussed in terms of differences in MAChR structure that could lead to selective Abeta effects and the possible implications on memory and AbetaPP processing. JF - Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD AU - Joseph, J A AU - Fisher, D R AD - USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University Boston, MA 02111, USA. james.joseph@tufts.edu Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 197 EP - 208 VL - 5 IS - 3 SN - 1387-2877, 1387-2877 KW - Amyloid beta-Peptides KW - 0 KW - Calcium Channel Blockers KW - Receptors, Muscarinic KW - Vitamin E KW - 1406-18-4 KW - Nifedipine KW - I9ZF7L6G2L KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Nifedipine -- pharmacology KW - Calcium -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Nifedipine -- administration & dosage KW - Fluorescence KW - Calcium Channel Blockers -- pharmacology KW - Microcirculation -- drug effects KW - Oxidative Stress -- drug effects KW - Calcium Channel Blockers -- administration & dosage KW - Vitamin E -- pharmacology KW - Vitamin E -- administration & dosage KW - Transfection -- methods KW - Amyloid beta-Peptides -- toxicity KW - COS Cells -- metabolism KW - Amyloid beta-Peptides -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Receptors, Muscarinic -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73524181?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Alzheimer%27s+disease+%3A+JAD&rft.atitle=Muscarinic+receptor+subtype+determines+vulnerability+to+amyloid+beta+toxicity+in+transfected+cos-7+cells.&rft.au=Joseph%2C+J+A%3BFisher%2C+D+R&rft.aulast=Joseph&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Alzheimer%27s+disease+%3A+JAD&rft.issn=13872877&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-11-06 N1 - Date created - 2003-08-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship between the para-homologous sodium channel point mutation (g --> c at nucleotide 2979) and knockdown resistance in the German cockroach using multiplex polymerase chain reaction to discern genotype. AN - 73516999; 12852632 AB - Extensive use of pyrethroid insecticides for urban pest control has led to widespread pyrethroid resistance in the German cockroach. A mutation at nucleotide position 2979 (G to C, causing a leucine to phenylalanine change) in the S6 transmembrane segment of domain II of the para-homologous voltage-gated sodium channel has been previously identified in knockdown-resistant cockroaches and demonstrated by site-directed mutagenesis to reduce channel sensitivity to pyrethroids. In a recent survey, 83% of pyrethroid-resistant German cockroach populations were found to possess this mutation. A German cockroach strain with a low incidence of the L993F mutation was subjected to selection pressure with cypermethrin and subsequently evaluated over several generations for the knockdown resistance phenotype. Correspondingly, we determined the genotype of individual cockroaches of each population at the 2979 position of the para-homologous gene. Genotype was discerned by development of a polymerase chain reaction method that employed a mismatched primer-template set. A direct relationship was observed between mean knockdown time and the presence of the kdr mutation. Furthermore, individuals homozygous for the kdr mutation exhibited a significantly higher mean knockdown time than heterozygotes or wildtype cockroaches. This is the first report demonstrating the progressive expression of the kdr allele in response to insecticide selection pressure. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Valles, Steven M AU - Perera, Omaththage P AU - Strong, Charles A AD - Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, 1600 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA. svalles@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 885 EP - 891 VL - 96 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Pyrethrins KW - 0 KW - Sodium Channels KW - cypermethrin KW - 1TR49121NP KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Base Sequence KW - Homozygote KW - Heterozygote KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Gene Expression Regulation KW - Point Mutation -- genetics KW - Sodium Channels -- genetics KW - Cockroaches -- drug effects KW - Insecticide Resistance -- genetics KW - Cockroaches -- genetics KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods KW - Pyrethrins -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73516999?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Relationship+between+the+para-homologous+sodium+channel+point+mutation+%28g+--%26gt%3B+c+at+nucleotide+2979%29+and+knockdown+resistance+in+the+German+cockroach+using+multiplex+polymerase+chain+reaction+to+discern+genotype.&rft.au=Valles%2C+Steven+M%3BPerera%2C+Omaththage+P%3BStrong%2C+Charles+A&rft.aulast=Valles&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=885&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-13 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity and repellency of Tephrosia candida to larval and adult Diaprepes root weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). AN - 73516858; 12852621 AB - Leaves of the tropical legume Tephrosia candida DC deterred feeding by adults of the Diaprepes root weevil, Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.), compared with leaves of Citrus macrophylla Wester, a common citrus rootstock, or T. vogelii Hook. f. When larvae were placed in pots containing plants of the three species for 28 d in a growth chamber, larval survival and weight gain were significantly reduced in pots containing plants of T. candida compared with larvae in pots with C. macrophylla or T. vogelii. Diet incorporation of lyophilized roots of T. candida into an artificial diet increasingly inhibited the growth of larvae and increased larval mortality with increased concentration of roots, whereas roots from C. macrophylla or T. vogelii had no effect compared with the diet-only control. T. candida, but not T. vogelii, contains at least one constituent that acts as an antifeedant toward adult D. abbreviatus and as a toxicant toward larvae. No antifeedant effect of roots of T. candida toward larvae was observed in no-choice pot tests or in a diet incorporation bioassay. In pots, larval feeding damage to roots of T. candida was evident. In the diet incorporation assay, 97% of larvae survived 29 d on a diet of cellulose powder (a nutritionally inert filler) despite losing weight. We conclude that decreased survival and weight gain of larvae-fed fresh or lyophilized roots of T. candida were the result of ingestion of a toxicant and not deterrence from feeding. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Lapointe, Stephen L AU - McKenzie, C L AU - Hunter, Wayne B AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, 2001 South Rock Road, Ft. Pierce, FL 34945, USA. Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 811 EP - 816 VL - 96 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Insect Repellents KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Index Medicus KW - Weight Gain -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Survival Rate KW - Insect Repellents -- chemistry KW - Plant Leaves -- chemistry KW - Diet KW - Plant Roots -- chemistry KW - Insect Repellents -- toxicity KW - Insect Repellents -- administration & dosage KW - Tephrosia -- chemistry KW - Insecticides -- toxicity KW - Beetles -- physiology KW - Insecticides -- administration & dosage KW - Insecticides -- chemistry KW - Beetles -- growth & development KW - Pest Control, Biological KW - Larva -- growth & development KW - Larva -- drug effects KW - Insect Control KW - Beetles -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73516858?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Toxicity+and+repellency+of+Tephrosia+candida+to+larval+and+adult+Diaprepes+root+weevil+%28Coleoptera%3A+Curculionidae%29.&rft.au=Lapointe%2C+Stephen+L%3BMcKenzie%2C+C+L%3BHunter%2C+Wayne+B&rft.aulast=Lapointe&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=811&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-13 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service research on targeted management of the Formosan subterranean termite Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). AN - 73514668; 12846330 AB - The Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki is currently one of the most destructive pests in the USA. It is estimated to cost consumers over US dollars 1 billion annually for preventative and remedial treatment and to repair damage caused by this insect. The mission of the Formosan Subterranean Termite Research Unit of the Agricultural Research Service is to demonstrate the most effective existing termite management technologies, integrate them into effective management systems, and provide fundamental problem-solving research for long-term, safe, effective and environmentally friendly new technologies. This article describes the epidemiology of the pest and highlights the research accomplished by the Agricultural Research Service on area-wide management of the termite and fundamental research on its biology that might provide the basis for future management technologies. Fundamental areas that are receiving attention are termite detection, termite colony development, nutrition and foraging, and the search for biological control agents. Other fertile areas include understanding termite symbionts that may provide an additional target for control. Area-wide management of the termite by using population suppression rather than protection of individual structures has been successful; however, much remains to be done to provide long-term sustainable population control. An educational component of the program has provided reliable information to homeowners and pest-control operators that should help slow the spread of this organism and allow rapid intervention in those areas which it infests. JF - Pest management science AU - Lax, Alan R AU - Osbrink, Weste L A AD - USDA-ARS-Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70124, USA. alax@srrc.ars.usda.gov PY - 2003 SP - 788 EP - 800 VL - 59 IS - 6-7 SN - 1526-498X, 1526-498X KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Soil KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Insecticide Resistance KW - Insecticides -- chemistry KW - Insecticides -- pharmacology KW - Soil -- parasitology KW - Isoptera -- growth & development KW - Agriculture -- methods KW - United States Department of Agriculture KW - Research Design KW - Pest Control -- methods KW - Isoptera -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73514668?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pest+management+science&rft.atitle=United+States+Department+of+Agriculture-Agriculture+Research+Service+research+on+targeted+management+of+the+Formosan+subterranean+termite+Coptotermes+formosanus+Shiraki+%28Isoptera%3A+Rhinotermitidae%29.&rft.au=Lax%2C+Alan+R%3BOsbrink%2C+Weste+L+A&rft.aulast=Lax&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=6-7&rft.spage=788&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pest+management+science&rft.issn=1526498X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-02 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Herbicide resistance work in the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service. AN - 73514637; 12846327 AB - Herbicide-resistant weed biotypes are an increasing problem in agriculture, with reports of resistance to almost every herbicide class at some place in the world, and the total number of resistant biotypes at over 250. Agricultural Research Service (ARS) scientists have been key players in this area since the first substantiated occurrence of these resistant biotypes in the 1970s. The most significant of their contributions is the complete unraveling of the mechanism of triazine resistance by Arntzen and colleagues, then with ARS at the University of Illinois. These studies established a high benchmark for research in this area and are a model for all studies in this area. Other ARS scientists have investigated a large number of weed biotypes with resistance to a wide range of herbicide classes and mechanisms of resistance. Collectively, these studies have been used to generate herbicide resistance-management schemes for growers, based upon the herbicide site and the potential for resistance development. JF - Pest management science AU - Vaughn, Kevin C AD - Southern Weed Science Research Unit, USDA-ARS, PO Box 350, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA. kvaughn@ars.usda.gov PY - 2003 SP - 764 EP - 769 VL - 59 IS - 6-7 SN - 1526-498X, 1526-498X KW - Herbicides KW - 0 KW - Triazines KW - Paraquat KW - PLG39H7695 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Paraquat -- pharmacology KW - Plants -- metabolism KW - Paraquat -- metabolism KW - Drug Resistance KW - Plants -- drug effects KW - Herbicides -- metabolism KW - Agriculture -- methods KW - Herbicides -- pharmacology KW - Plant Development KW - United States Department of Agriculture KW - Research Design UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73514637?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pest+management+science&rft.atitle=Herbicide+resistance+work+in+the+United+States+Department+of+Agriculture-Agricultural+Research+Service.&rft.au=Vaughn%2C+Kevin+C&rft.aulast=Vaughn&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=6-7&rft.spage=764&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pest+management+science&rft.issn=1526498X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-02 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service research on biological control of arthropods. AN - 73514544; 12846314 AB - During 1999-2001, ARS scientists published over 100 papers on more than 30 species of insect pest and 60 species of predator and parasitoid. These papers address issues crucial to the three strategies of biological control: conservation, augmentation and introduction. Conservation biological control includes both conserving extant populations of natural enemies by using relatively non-toxic pesticides and increasing the abundance of natural enemies in crops by providing or improving refuges for population growth and dispersal into crops. ARS scientists have been very active in determining the effects of pesticides on beneficial arthropods and in studying movement of natural enemies from refuges into crops. Augmentation involves repeated releases of natural enemies in the field, which can be inoculative or inundative. Inoculative releases are used to initiate self-propagating populations at times or in places where they would be slow to colonize. ARS scientists have studied augmentative biological control of a variety of pest insects. The targets are mostly pests in annual crops or other ephemeral habitats, where self-reproducing populations of natural enemies are not sufficiently abundant early enough to keep pest populations in check. ARS research in augmentative biological control centers on methods for rearing large numbers of healthy, effective natural enemies and for releasing them where and when they are needed at a cost less than the value of the reduction in damage to the crop. ARS scientists have researched various aspects of introductions of exotic biological control agents against a diversity of pest insects. The major issues in biological control introductions are accurate identification and adequate systematics of both natural enemies and target pests, exploration for natural enemies, predicting the success of candidates for introduction and the likelihood of non-target impacts, quarantine and rearing methods, and post-introduction evaluation of establishment, control and non-target impacts. ARS scientists have published research on several general issues in biological control. Among the most important are the mechanisms affecting mate- and host-finding and host specificity. JF - Pest management science AU - Hopper, Keith R AD - USDA-ARS, Beneficial Insect Introductions Research Unit, 501 South Chapel Street, Newark, Delaware 19713, USA. khopper@udel.edu PY - 2003 SP - 643 EP - 653 VL - 59 IS - 6-7 SN - 1526-498X, 1526-498X KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Plants -- parasitology KW - Host-Parasite Interactions KW - Arthropods -- growth & development KW - Pest Control, Biological -- methods KW - Agriculture -- methods KW - Plant Diseases -- parasitology KW - United States Department of Agriculture KW - Research Design KW - Arthropods -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73514544?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pest+management+science&rft.atitle=United+States+Department+of+Agriculture-Agricultural+Research+Service+research+on+biological+control+of+arthropods.&rft.au=Hopper%2C+Keith+R&rft.aulast=Hopper&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=6-7&rft.spage=643&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pest+management+science&rft.issn=1526498X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-02 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A review of aquatic weed biology and management research conducted by the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service. AN - 73476556; 12846331 AB - Ever-increasing demand for water to irrigate crops, support aquaculture, provide domestic water needs and to protect natural aquatic and riparian habitats has necessitated research to reduce impacts from a parallel increase in invasive aquatic weeds. This paper reviews the past 4-5 years of research by USDA-ARS covering such areas as weed biology, ecology, physiology and management strategies, including herbicides, biological control and potential for use of natural products. Research approaches range from field-level studies to highly specific molecular and biochemical work, spanning several disciplines and encompassing the most problematic weeds in these systems. This research has led to new insights into plant competition, host-specificity, and the fate of aquatic herbicides, their modes of action and effects on the environment. Another hallmark of USDA-ARS research has been its many collaborations with other federal, state action and regulatory agencies and private industry to develop new solutions to aquatic weed problems that affect our public natural resources and commercial enterprises. JF - Pest management science AU - Anderson, Lars W J AD - USDA-ARS Exotic and Invasive Weed Research, Davis, CA 95616, USA. lwanderson@ucdavis.edu PY - 2003 SP - 801 EP - 813 VL - 59 IS - 6-7 SN - 1526-498X, 1526-498X KW - Herbicides KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Melaleuca -- drug effects KW - Araceae -- drug effects KW - Herbicides -- pharmacology KW - Eichhornia -- growth & development KW - Melaleuca -- growth & development KW - Araceae -- growth & development KW - Eichhornia -- drug effects KW - Hydrocharitaceae -- growth & development KW - Potamogetonaceae -- growth & development KW - Potamogetonaceae -- drug effects KW - Water Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Hydrocharitaceae -- drug effects KW - United States Department of Agriculture KW - Research Design UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73476556?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pest+management+science&rft.atitle=A+review+of+aquatic+weed+biology+and+management+research+conducted+by+the+United+States+Department+of+Agriculture-Agricultural+Research+Service.&rft.au=Anderson%2C+Lars+W+J&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Lars+W&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=6-7&rft.spage=801&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pest+management+science&rft.issn=1526498X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-02 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service studies on polyketide toxins of Fusarium oxysporum f sp vasinfectum: potential targets for disease control. AN - 73476499; 12846324 AB - A group of 133 isolates of the cotton wilt pathogen Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht f sp vasinfectum (Atk) Sny & Hans, representing five races and 20 vegetative compatibility groups within race 1 were used to determine the identity, biosynthetic regulation and taxonomic distribution of polyketide toxins produced by this pathogen. All isolates of F oxysporum f sp vasinfectum produced and secreted the nonaketide naphthazarin quinones, bikaverin and norbikaverin. Most isolates of race 1 (previously denoted as races 1, 2 and 6; and also called race A) also synthesized the heptaketide naphthoquinones, nectriafurone, anhydrofusarubin lactol and 5-O-methyljavanicin. Nine avirulent isolates of F oxysporum from Upland cotton roots, three isolates of race 3 of F oxysporum f sp vasinfectum, and four isolates of F oxysporum f sp vasinfectum from Australia, all of which previously failed to cause disease of Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L) in stem-puncture assays, also failed to synthesize or secrete more than trace amounts of the heptaketide compounds. These results indicate that the heptaketides may have a unique role in the virulence of race 1 to Upland cotton. The synthesis of all polyketide toxins by ATCC isolate 24908 of F oxysporum f sp vasinfectum was regulated by pH, carbon/nitrogen ratios, and availability of calcium in media. Synthesis was greatest below pH 7.0 and increased progressively as carbon/nitrogen ratios were increased by decreasing the amounts of nitrogen added to media. The nonaketides were the major polyketides accumulated in synthetic media at pH 4.5 and below, whereas the heptaketides were predominant at pH 5.0 and above. The heptaketides were the major polyketides formed when 10 F oxysporum f sp vasinfectum race 1 isolates were grown on sterilized stems of Fusarium wilt-susceptible cotton cultivars, but these compounds were not produced on sorghum grain cultures. Both groups of polyketide toxins were apparently secreted by F oxysporum f sp vasinfectum, since half of the toxin in 2-day-old shake culture was present in the supernatant. Secretion was enhanced by calcium. Glutamine and glutamic acid inhibited both nonaketide and heptaketide syntheses, even at low nitrogen JF - Pest management science AU - Bell, Alois A AU - Wheeler, Michael H AU - Liu, Jinggao AU - Stipanovic, Robert D AU - Puckhaber, Lorraine S AU - Orta, Heather AD - USDA-ARS-SPARC, 2765 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA. abell@cpru.usda.gov PY - 2003 SP - 736 EP - 747 VL - 59 IS - 6-7 SN - 1526-498X, 1526-498X KW - Mycotoxins KW - 0 KW - Naphthoquinones KW - Pyrans KW - Xanthones KW - anhydrofusarubin lactol KW - 119975-66-5 KW - bikaverin KW - 33390-21-5 KW - naphthazarin KW - 475-38-7 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Naphthoquinones -- metabolism KW - Xanthones -- metabolism KW - Pyrans -- metabolism KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Gossypium -- microbiology KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Agriculture -- methods KW - Plant Diseases -- microbiology KW - Mycotoxins -- metabolism KW - Fusarium -- growth & development KW - United States Department of Agriculture KW - Research Design UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73476499?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pest+management+science&rft.atitle=United+States+Department+of+Agriculture-Agricultural+Research+Service+studies+on+polyketide+toxins+of+Fusarium+oxysporum+f+sp+vasinfectum%3A+potential+targets+for+disease+control.&rft.au=Bell%2C+Alois+A%3BWheeler%2C+Michael+H%3BLiu%2C+Jinggao%3BStipanovic%2C+Robert+D%3BPuckhaber%2C+Lorraine+S%3BOrta%2C+Heather&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=Alois&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=6-7&rft.spage=736&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pest+management+science&rft.issn=1526498X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-02 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Software for pest-management science: computer models and databases from the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service. AN - 73476401; 12846319 AB - We present an overview of USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) computer models and databases related to pest-management science, emphasizing current developments in environmental risk assessment and management simulation models. The ARS has a unique national interdisciplinary team of researchers in surface and sub-surface hydrology, soil and plant science, systems analysis and pesticide science, who have networked to develop empirical and mechanistic computer models describing the behavior of pests, pest responses to controls and the environmental impact of pest-control methods. Historically, much of this work has been in support of production agriculture and in support of the conservation programs of our 'action agency' sister, the Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation Service). Because we are a public agency, our software/database products are generally offered without cost, unless they are developed in cooperation with a private-sector cooperator. Because ARS is a basic and applied research organization, with development of new science as our highest priority, these products tend to be offered on an 'as-is' basis with limited user support except for cooperating R&D relationship with other scientists. However, rapid changes in the technology for information analysis and communication continually challenge our way of doing business. JF - Pest management science AU - Wauchope, R Don AU - Ahuja, Lajpat R AU - Arnold, Jeffrey G AU - Bingner, Ron AU - Lowrance, Richard AU - van Genuchten, Martinus T AU - Adams, Larry D AD - Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS Tifton, GA, USA. don@tifton.usda.gov PY - 2003 SP - 691 EP - 698 VL - 59 IS - 6-7 SN - 1526-498X, 1526-498X KW - Pesticides KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Pesticides -- metabolism KW - Computer Simulation KW - Databases, Factual KW - Software KW - Agriculture -- methods KW - United States Department of Agriculture KW - Research Design KW - Pest Control -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73476401?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pest+management+science&rft.atitle=Software+for+pest-management+science%3A+computer+models+and+databases+from+the+United+States+Department+of+Agriculture-Agricultural+Research+Service.&rft.au=Wauchope%2C+R+Don%3BAhuja%2C+Lajpat+R%3BArnold%2C+Jeffrey+G%3BBingner%2C+Ron%3BLowrance%2C+Richard%3Bvan+Genuchten%2C+Martinus+T%3BAdams%2C+Larry+D&rft.aulast=Wauchope&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=6-7&rft.spage=691&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pest+management+science&rft.issn=1526498X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-02 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of ULV malathion use in boll weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) eradication on resistance in the tarnished plant bug (Heteroptera: Miridae). AN - 73467475; 12852634 AB - Tarnished plant bugs, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), from regions 1, 2, and 3 of the boll weevil, Anthonomous grandis Boheman, eradication program in Mississippi were collected from wild hosts and tested for malathion resistance during the spring and fall of 2000 and 2001. Plant bugs were also tested in region 1 in late-July and October of 1999, just before and after multiple applications of ultra-low-volume (ULV) malathion were used for reproduction-diapause control of boll weevils in August and September. Regions 1 (north Delta), 2 (south Delta), and 3 (hills) began boll weevil eradication in 1999, 1998, and 1997, respectively. A glass-vial bioassay was used to determine resistance in plant bugs to malathion by comparing LC50 values against an LC50 value obtained for susceptible plant bugs. Comparison of the LC50 value obtained for plant bugs at a location in the spring was also made with the LC50 value obtained in the fall at the same location. After multiple applications of malathion made for reproduction-diapause boll weevil control in region 1 in August and September, malathion resistance increased by 4.9-, 6.5-, and 20.8-fold in plant bug populations from the three test locations. Results from testing bugs from all three eradication regions were similar. Malathion resistance usually increased significantly from spring to fall and then declined significantly from fall to spring of the next year. Despite reduced use of malathion in all three eradication regions for boll weevils in 2001, resistance to malathion in plant bugs still increased significantly from spring to fall at all test locations in regions 1 and 2 (the Delta). Malathion resistance did not increase significantly in plant bug populations in region 3 (the hills) in 2001 from spring to fall at three of four test locations in this year. Possible causes for the higher malathion resistance found in plant bugs in the Delta are discussed. Overall test results showed that the use of malathion in boll weevil eradication in cotton probably contributed to increases in resistance to malathion in plant bug populations in the eradication areas. However, the expression of this resistance was usually rapidly lost by spring of the following year. Boll weevil eradication did not seem to produce a permanent increase in the expression of malathion resistance in tarnished plant bug populations found in the eradication regions. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Snodgrass, Gordon L AU - Scott, William P AD - Southern Insect Management Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS, USA. gsnodgrass@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 902 EP - 908 VL - 96 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Malathion KW - U5N7SU872W KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Survival Rate KW - Insecticide Resistance -- genetics KW - Seasons KW - Mississippi KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Gossypium -- parasitology KW - Malathion -- pharmacology KW - Heteroptera -- drug effects KW - Heteroptera -- genetics KW - Beetles -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73467475?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+ULV+malathion+use+in+boll+weevil+%28Coleoptera%3A+Curculionidae%29+eradication+on+resistance+in+the+tarnished+plant+bug+%28Heteroptera%3A+Miridae%29.&rft.au=Snodgrass%2C+Gordon+L%3BScott%2C+William+P&rft.aulast=Snodgrass&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=902&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-13 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Precision application of aldicarb to enhance efficiency of thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) management in cotton. AN - 73467331; 12852612 AB - Field studies were conducted during 1999-2001 in two climatic/edaphic areas of Georgia (Southern Piedmont and East Gulf Coastal Plain) to test the hypothesis that precision placement of aldicarb with cotton seed in hill planting at spatially specific intervals could decrease insecticide use for management of tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds). Precision-placed aldicarb controlled thrips during cotton seedling stages using per ha amounts of one-half or less than standard in-furrow application rates with no significant differences in yield. Residual analysis of cotton plants showed that plants in precision placement plots had as much or more aldicarb and aldicarb metabolites present as compared with cotton treated with conventional in-furrow treatments. Higher rates of precision-placed aldicarb did cause phytotoxic burning early in the growing season, but no significant impact on yield was observed. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Lohmeyer, K H AU - All, J N AU - Roberts, P M AU - Bush, P AD - USDA-ARS, Knipling-Bushland Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, 2700 Fredericksburg Road, Kerrville, TX 78028-9184, USA. klohmeyer@bugs.ent.uga.edu Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 748 EP - 754 VL - 96 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Aldicarb KW - 8V071SH05P KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Georgia KW - Insecticides -- administration & dosage KW - Gossypium -- growth & development KW - Gossypium -- metabolism KW - Aldicarb -- administration & dosage KW - Insect Control -- methods KW - Insects -- drug effects KW - Insecticides -- pharmacology KW - Gossypium -- parasitology KW - Aldicarb -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73467331?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Precision+application+of+aldicarb+to+enhance+efficiency+of+thrips+%28Thysanoptera%3A+Thripidae%29+management+in+cotton.&rft.au=Lohmeyer%2C+K+H%3BAll%2C+J+N%3BRoberts%2C+P+M%3BBush%2C+P&rft.aulast=Lohmeyer&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=748&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-13 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Corn rootworm areawide management program: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service. AN - 73466765; 12846309 AB - The corn rootworm areawide management program was implemented by USDA-ARS in 1995 at five locations across the USA. This program is based on the use of a semiochemical insecticide bait applied to maize (Zea mays L) during peak adult corn rootworm activity. Managing adult rootworms minimizes the number of eggs laid, resulting in fewer larvae available to economically damage maize roots in the following growing season. To date, rootworm populations have been significantly reduced at all participating locations and new bait products have been developed and evaluated for use in rootworm-infested areas. JF - Pest management science AU - Chandler, Laurence D AD - USDA-ARS, Red River Valley Agricultural Research Center, PO Box 5677, Fargo, ND 58105, USA. Chandlel@fargo.ars.usda.gov PY - 2003 SP - 605 EP - 608 VL - 59 IS - 6-7 SN - 1526-498X, 1526-498X KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Plant Diseases -- statistics & numerical data KW - Research -- statistics & numerical data KW - Plant Diseases -- parasitology KW - Ovum -- drug effects KW - United States Department of Agriculture KW - Research Design KW - Insecticides -- pharmacology KW - Larva -- drug effects KW - Agriculture -- methods KW - Beetles -- growth & development KW - Zea mays -- parasitology KW - Pest Control -- statistics & numerical data KW - Agriculture -- statistics & numerical data KW - Pest Control -- methods KW - Beetles -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73466765?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pest+management+science&rft.atitle=Corn+rootworm+areawide+management+program%3A+United+States+Department+of+Agriculture-Agricultural+Research+Service.&rft.au=Chandler%2C+Laurence+D&rft.aulast=Chandler&rft.aufirst=Laurence&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=6-7&rft.spage=605&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pest+management+science&rft.issn=1526498X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-02 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service research on pest biology: weeds. AN - 73466300; 12846326 AB - Over 125 permanent full-time scientists conduct research within the USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) on issues related to weeds. The research emphasis of most of these scientists involves ecology and management or biological control of weeds. Many scientists perform research on weed biology as components of their primary projects on weed control and integrated crop and soil management. Describing all ARS projects involved with weed biology is impossible, and consequently only research that falls within the following arbitrarily chosen topics is highlighted in this article: dormancy mechanisms; cell division; diversity of rangeland weeds; soil resources and rangeland weeds; poisonous rangeland plants; horticultural weeds; weed traits limiting chemical control; aquatic and semi-aquatic weeds; weed/transgenic wheat hybrids; seedbanks, seedling emergence and seedling populations; and weed seed production. Within these topics, and others not highlighted, the desire of ARS is that good information on weed biology currently translates or eventually will translate into practical advice for those who must manage weeds. JF - Pest management science AU - Forcella, Frank AD - USDA-ARS, 803 Iowa Avenue, Morris, MN 56267, USA. forcella@morris.ars.usda.gov PY - 2003 SP - 754 EP - 763 VL - 59 IS - 6-7 SN - 1526-498X, 1526-498X KW - Herbicides KW - 0 KW - Soil KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Seeds -- parasitology KW - Herbicides -- pharmacology KW - Plants -- parasitology KW - Soil -- analysis KW - Biodiversity KW - Research -- manpower KW - Seeds -- growth & development KW - Plants -- drug effects KW - Seeds -- drug effects KW - Pest Control, Biological -- methods KW - Agriculture -- methods KW - Plant Development KW - United States Department of Agriculture KW - Research Design UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73466300?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pest+management+science&rft.atitle=United+States+Department+of+Agriculture-Agricultural+Research+Service+research+on+pest+biology%3A+weeds.&rft.au=Forcella%2C+Frank&rft.aulast=Forcella&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=6-7&rft.spage=754&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pest+management+science&rft.issn=1526498X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-02 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service research in application technology for pest management. AN - 73466255; 12846320 AB - A research summary is presented that emphasizes ARS achievements in application technology over the past 2-3 years. Research focused on the improvement of agricultural pesticide application is important from the standpoint of crop protection as well as environmental safety. Application technology research is being actively pursued within the ARS, with a primary focus on application system development, drift management, efficacy enhancement and remote sensing. Research on application systems has included sensor-controlled hooded sprayers, new approaches to direct chemical injection, and aerial electrostatic sprayers. For aerial application, great improvements in on-board flow controllers permit accurate field application of chemicals. Aircraft parameters such as boom position and spray release height are being altered to determine their effect on drift. Other drift management research has focused on testing of low-drift nozzles, evaluation of pulsed spray technologies and evaluation of drift control adjuvants. Research on the use of air curtain sprayers in orchards, air-assist sprayers for row crops and vegetables, and air deflectors on aircraft has documented improvements in application efficacy. Research has shown that the fate of applied chemicals is influenced by soil properties, and this has implications for herbicide efficacy and dissipation in the environment. Remote sensing systems are being used to target areas in the field where pests are present so that spray can be directed to only those areas. Soil and crop conditions influence propensity for weeds and insects to proliferate in any given field area. Research has indicated distinct field patterns favorable for weed growth and insect concentration, which can provide further assistance for targeted spraying. JF - Pest management science AU - Smith, L A AU - Thomson, S J AD - USDA-ARS, Application and Production Technology Research Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA. lasmith@ars.usda.gov PY - 2003 SP - 699 EP - 707 VL - 59 IS - 6-7 SN - 1526-498X, 1526-498X KW - Herbicides KW - 0 KW - Pesticides KW - Soil KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Herbicides -- metabolism KW - Soil -- analysis KW - Technology -- methods KW - Pesticides -- chemistry KW - Pesticides -- metabolism KW - Agriculture -- methods KW - United States Department of Agriculture KW - Research Design KW - Pest Control -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73466255?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pest+management+science&rft.atitle=United+States+Department+of+Agriculture-Agricultural+Research+Service+research+in+application+technology+for+pest+management.&rft.au=Smith%2C+L+A%3BThomson%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=6-7&rft.spage=699&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pest+management+science&rft.issn=1526498X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-02 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service research on pre-harvest prevention of mycotoxins and mycotoxigenic fungi in US crops. AN - 73466188; 12846313 AB - Mycotoxins (ie toxins produced by molds) are fungal metabolites that can contaminate foods and feeds and cause toxic effects in higher organisms that consume the contaminated commodities. Therefore, mycotoxin contamination of foods and feeds results is a serious food safety issue and affects the competitiveness of US agriculture in both domestic and export markets. This article highlights research accomplished by Agricultural Research Service (ARS) laboratories on control of pre-harvest toxin contamination by using biocontrol, host-plant resistance enhancement and integrated management systems. Emphasis is placed on the most economically relevant mycotoxins, namely aflatoxins produced by Aspergillus flavus, Link, trichothecenes produced by various Fusarium spp and fumonisins produced by F verticillioides. Significant inroads have been made in establishing various control strategies such as development of atoxigenic biocontrol fungi that can outcompete their closely related, toxigenic cousins in field environments, thus reducing levels of mycotoxins in the crops. Potential biochemical and genetic resistance markers have been identified in crops, particularly in corn, which are being utilized as selectable markers in breeding for resistance to aflatoxin contamination. Prototypes of genetically engineered crops have been developed which: (1) contain genes for resistance to the phytotoxic effects of certain trichothecenes, thereby helping reduce fungal virulence, or (2) contain genes encoding fungal growth inhibitors for reducing fungal infection. Gene clusters housing the genes governing formation of trichothecenes, fumonisins and aflatoxins have been elucidated and are being targeted in strategies to interrupt the biosynthesis of these mycotoxins. Ultimately, a combination of strategies using biocompetitive fungi and enhancement of host-plant resistance may be needed to adequately prevent mycotoxin contamination in the field. To achieve this, plants may be developed that resist fungal infection and/or reduce the toxic effects of the mycotoxins themselves, or interrupt mycotoxin biosynthesis. This research effort could potentially save affected agricultural industries hundreds of millions of dollars during years of serious mycotoxin outbreaks. JF - Pest management science AU - Cleveland, Thomas E AU - Dowd, Patrick F AU - Desjardins, Anne E AU - Bhatnagar, Deepak AU - Cotty, Peter J AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA. eclevela@srrc.ars.usda.gov PY - 2003 SP - 629 EP - 642 VL - 59 IS - 6-7 SN - 1526-498X, 1526-498X KW - Mycotoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Immunity, Innate -- drug effects KW - Plant Diseases -- parasitology KW - Plant Diseases -- microbiology KW - Fusarium -- growth & development KW - Aspergillus -- growth & development KW - Crops, Agricultural -- parasitology KW - Crops, Agricultural -- growth & development KW - Pest Control, Biological -- methods KW - Crops, Agricultural -- microbiology KW - Mycotoxins -- metabolism KW - Fungi -- growth & development KW - United States Department of Agriculture KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73466188?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pest+management+science&rft.atitle=United+States+Department+of+Agriculture-Agricultural+Research+Service+research+on+pre-harvest+prevention+of+mycotoxins+and+mycotoxigenic+fungi+in+US+crops.&rft.au=Cleveland%2C+Thomas+E%3BDowd%2C+Patrick+F%3BDesjardins%2C+Anne+E%3BBhatnagar%2C+Deepak%3BCotty%2C+Peter+J&rft.aulast=Cleveland&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=6-7&rft.spage=629&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pest+management+science&rft.issn=1526498X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-02 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service research on managing insect resistance to insecticides. AN - 73463881; 12846328 AB - Insecticide resistance has developed within many classes of pesticide, and over 500 species of insects and mites are resistant to one or more insecticides. Insecticide resistance and the consequent losses of food and fiber caused by failure to control insect and mite pests causes economic losses of several billion dollars worldwide each year. It is the goal of insect resistance management (IRM) to preserve useful pesticides by slowing, preventing or reversing development of resistance in pests. Important aspects of this goal are understanding the development of resistance and monitoring to determine ways to prevent its development. We describe programs specific to missions of the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, which are designed to characterize insecticide resistance in insects and mites with the goal of managing pests in an ecologically acceptable manner. Resistance management of cotton, potatoes, vegetables, melons, ornamentals, greenhouse crops, corn, stored grains, livestock, honeybees and mites, as well as management of transgenic crops are evaluated. We conclude that IRM is a vital part of stewardship of any pest management product and must be a combined effort of manufacturers, growers, consultants, extension services and grower organizations, working closely with regulators, to achieve logistically and economically feasible systems that prolong the effectiveness of all pest-control products. JF - Pest management science AU - Elzen, Gary W AU - Hardee, Dick D AD - USDA, ARS, Kika de la Garza Subtropical Agricultural Research Center, Beneficial Insects Research Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA. gelzen@weslaco.ars.usda.gov PY - 2003 SP - 770 EP - 776 VL - 59 IS - 6-7 SN - 1526-498X, 1526-498X KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Mites -- metabolism KW - Insecticide Resistance KW - Plants -- parasitology KW - Plants, Genetically Modified KW - Plants -- genetics KW - Mites -- growth & development KW - Mites -- drug effects KW - Insecticides -- metabolism KW - Insects -- growth & development KW - Agriculture -- methods KW - Insects -- metabolism KW - United States Department of Agriculture KW - Research Design KW - Insects -- drug effects KW - Insecticides -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73463881?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pest+management+science&rft.atitle=United+States+Department+of+Agriculture-Agricultural+Research+Service+research+on+managing+insect+resistance+to+insecticides.&rft.au=Elzen%2C+Gary+W%3BHardee%2C+Dick+D&rft.aulast=Elzen&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=6-7&rft.spage=770&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pest+management+science&rft.issn=1526498X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-02 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Ecological Areawide Management (TEAM) of leafy spurge program of the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service. AN - 73463790; 12846310 AB - The Ecological Areawide Management (TEAM) of Leafy Spurge program was developed to focus research and control efforts on a single weed, leafy spurge, and demonstrate the effectiveness of a coordinated, biologically based, integrated pest management program (IPM). This was accomplished through partnerships and teamwork that clearly demonstrated the advantages of the biologically based IPM approach. However, the success of regional weed control programs horizontally across several states and provinces also requires a vertical integration of several sectors of society. Awareness and education are the essential elements of vertical integration. Therefore, a substantial effort was made to produce a wide variety of information products specifically designed to educate different segments of society. During its tenure, land managers and agency decision makers have seen the potential of using the TEAM approach to accelerate the regional control of leafy spurge. The example set by the TEAM organization and participants is viewed as a model for future weed-control efforts. JF - Pest management science AU - Anderson, Gerald L AU - Prosser, Chad W AU - Wendel, Lloyd E AU - Delfosse, Ernest S AU - Faust, Robert M AD - USDA, ARS, NPARL, 1500 N. Central Ave, Sidney, MT 59270, USA. ganderson@sidney.ars.usda.gov PY - 2003 SP - 609 EP - 613 VL - 59 IS - 6-7 SN - 1526-498X, 1526-498X KW - Herbicides KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Ecology KW - Animals KW - Research -- education KW - Plant Diseases -- statistics & numerical data KW - Herbicides -- pharmacology KW - Research -- statistics & numerical data KW - Plant Diseases -- parasitology KW - Pest Control, Biological -- methods KW - Euphorbia -- drug effects KW - Agriculture -- methods KW - Pest Control, Biological -- statistics & numerical data KW - Euphorbia -- growth & development KW - Beetles -- growth & development KW - Agriculture -- education KW - Agriculture -- statistics & numerical data KW - Euphorbia -- parasitology KW - United States Department of Agriculture KW - Research Design UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73463790?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pest+management+science&rft.atitle=The+Ecological+Areawide+Management+%28TEAM%29+of+leafy+spurge+program+of+the+United+States+Department+of+Agriculture-Agricultural+Research+Service.&rft.au=Anderson%2C+Gerald+L%3BProsser%2C+Chad+W%3BWendel%2C+Lloyd+E%3BDelfosse%2C+Ernest+S%3BFaust%2C+Robert+M&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=6-7&rft.spage=609&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pest+management+science&rft.issn=1526498X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-02 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service research on alternatives to methyl bromide: pre-plant and post-harvest. AN - 73452029; 12846332 AB - Methyl bromide is a widely used fumigant for both pre-plant and post-harvest pest and pathogen control. The Montreal Protocol and the US Clean Air Act mandate a phase-out of the import and manufacture of methyl bromide, beginning in 2001 and culminating with a complete ban, except for quarantine and certain pre-shipment uses and exempted critical uses, in January 2005. In 1995, ARS built on its existing programs in soil-borne plant pathology and post-harvest entomology and plant pathology to initiate a national research program to develop alternatives to methyl bromide. The focus has been on strawberry, pepper, tomato, perennial and nursery cropping systems for pre-plant methyl bromide use and fresh and durable commodities for post-harvest use. Recently the program has been expanded to include research on alternatives for the ornamental and cut flower cropping systems. An overview of the national research program is presented. Results from four specific research trials are presented, ranging from organic to conventional systems. Good progress on short-term alternatives is being made. These will be used as the foundation of integrated management systems which begin with pre-plant management decisions and continue through post-harvest processing. JF - Pest management science AU - Schneider, Sally M AU - Rosskopf, Erin N AU - Leesch, James G AU - Chellemi, Daniel O AU - Bull, Carolee T AU - Mazzola, Mark AD - USDA-ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, CA 93648, USA. sschneider@fresno.ars.usda.gov PY - 2003 SP - 814 EP - 826 VL - 59 IS - 6-7 SN - 1526-498X, 1526-498X KW - Hydrocarbons, Brominated KW - 0 KW - Pesticides KW - methyl bromide KW - 9V42E1Z7B6 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Plants -- microbiology KW - Plants -- parasitology KW - Nematoda -- drug effects KW - Pesticides -- pharmacology KW - Fungi -- drug effects KW - Plants -- drug effects KW - Pesticides -- toxicity KW - Agriculture -- methods KW - Hydrocarbons, Brominated -- pharmacology KW - United States Department of Agriculture KW - Research Design KW - Pest Control -- methods KW - Hydrocarbons, Brominated -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73452029?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pest+management+science&rft.atitle=United+States+Department+of+Agriculture-Agricultural+Research+Service+research+on+alternatives+to+methyl+bromide%3A+pre-plant+and+post-harvest.&rft.au=Schneider%2C+Sally+M%3BRosskopf%2C+Erin+N%3BLeesch%2C+James+G%3BChellemi%2C+Daniel+O%3BBull%2C+Carolee+T%3BMazzola%2C+Mark&rft.aulast=Schneider&rft.aufirst=Sally&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=6-7&rft.spage=814&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pest+management+science&rft.issn=1526498X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-02 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structure-function relationships affecting the insecticidal and miticidal activity of sugar esters. AN - 73451236; 12852599 AB - Synthetic sugar esters are a relatively new class of insecticidal compounds that are produced by reacting sugars with fatty acids. The objective of this research was to determine how systematic alterations in sugar or fatty acid components of sugar ester compounds influenced their insecticidal properties. Sucrose octanoate, sorbitol octanoate, sorbitol decanoate, sorbitol caproate, xylitol octanoate, xylitol decanoate and xylitol dodecanoate were synthesized and evaluated against a range of arthropod pests. Dosage-mortality studies were conducted on pear psylla (Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster) on pear, tobacco aphid (Myzus nicotianae) Blackman and tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta [Johannson]) on tobacco, and twospotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) on apple in laboratory bioassays. These sugar esters were compared with insecticidal soap (M-Pede, Dow AgroSciences L.L.C., San Diego, CA), to determine how toxicologically similar these materials were against the arthropod pests. Substitutions in either the sugar or fatty acid component led to significant changes in the physical properties and insecticidal activity of these compounds. The sugar esters varied in their solubility in water and in emulsion stability, yet, droplet spread upon pear leaves occurred at low concentrations of 80-160 ppm and was strongly correlated with psylla mortalities (R2 = 0.73). Sequentially altering the sugar or fatty acid components from lower to higher numbers of carbon chains, or whether the sugar was a monosaccharide or disaccharide did not follow a predictable relationship to insecticidal activity. Intuitively, changing the hydrophile from sorbitol (C6) to xylitol (C5) would require a decrease in lipophile chain length to maintain hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) relationships, yet an increase in lipophile chain length was unexpectedly needed for increasing insecticidal activity. Thus, the HLB of these materials did not correlate with pear psylla mortalities. Initial insect bioassays and dosage-mortality data found significant differences among sugar ester compounds' toxicity to the range of arthropod species. Sucrose octanoate high in monoester content had the highest activity against the range of arthropod pests at low concentrations of 1200-2400 ppm. No single chemical structure for the xylitol or sorbitol esters were optimally effective against the range of arthropods we tested and sorbitol octanoate and xylitol decanoate had the highest insecticidal activity of this group. All of the sugar ester materials produced high T. urticae mortalities on apple at very low concentrations of 400 ppm. Overall, most of the sugar esters that were examined had superior insecticidal activity compared with insecticidal soap. Sugar ester chemistry offers a unique opportunity to design an insecticide or miticide specific to certain arthropod pests which would be valuable in crop integrated pest management (IPM) programs. Sucrose esters are currently used as additives in the food industry which makes them especially attractive as safe and effective insecticides. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Puterka, Gary J AU - Farone, William AU - Palmer, Tracy AU - Barrington, Anthony AD - USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 45 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA. gputerka@afrs.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 636 EP - 644 VL - 96 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Esters KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Insecticides -- toxicity KW - Esters -- chemistry KW - Esters -- toxicity KW - Insecticides -- chemistry KW - Mites -- drug effects KW - Insects -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73451236?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Structure-function+relationships+affecting+the+insecticidal+and+miticidal+activity+of+sugar+esters.&rft.au=Puterka%2C+Gary+J%3BFarone%2C+William%3BPalmer%2C+Tracy%3BBarrington%2C+Anthony&rft.aulast=Puterka&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=636&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-13 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Overview of areawide programs and the program for suppression of codling moth in the western USA directed by the United States Department of Agriculture--Agricultural Research Service. AN - 73450918; 12846308 AB - An areawide suppression program for codling moth (Cydia pomonella L) populations was initiated in 1995 in Washington, Oregon and California under the direction of the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service in cooperation with Washington State University, Oregon State University and University of California, Berkeley. Mating disruption was used to reduce the pest population while reducing and eliminating the use of organophosphate insecticides. During the 5-year program, the original 1064 hectares were expanded to 8400 hectares and from 66 grower participants to more than 400 participants. The acreage under mating disruption in the three states increased from 6000 hectares in 1994 to 54000 hectares in the year 2000. JF - Pest management science AU - Calkins, Carrol O AU - Faust, Robert J AD - USDA-ARS, Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, Wapato, WA 98951, USA. ccalkins@yarl.ars.usda.gov PY - 2003 SP - 601 EP - 604 VL - 59 IS - 6-7 SN - 1526-498X, 1526-498X KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Organophosphorus Compounds KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Plant Diseases -- statistics & numerical data KW - Research -- statistics & numerical data KW - Plant Diseases -- parasitology KW - Insecticides -- pharmacology KW - Moths -- drug effects KW - Agriculture -- methods KW - Moths -- growth & development KW - Pest Control -- statistics & numerical data KW - Agriculture -- statistics & numerical data KW - United States Department of Agriculture KW - Research Design KW - Pest Control -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73450918?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pest+management+science&rft.atitle=Overview+of+areawide+programs+and+the+program+for+suppression+of+codling+moth+in+the+western+USA+directed+by+the+United+States+Department+of+Agriculture--Agricultural+Research+Service.&rft.au=Calkins%2C+Carrol+O%3BFaust%2C+Robert+J&rft.aulast=Calkins&rft.aufirst=Carrol&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=6-7&rft.spage=601&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pest+management+science&rft.issn=1526498X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-02 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of maysin on wild-type, deltamethrin-resistant, and Bt-resistant Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). AN - 73450747; 12852635 AB - Larvae of the Old World corn earworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), were fed diets containing lyophilized silks from maize genotypes expressing varying levels of maysin, a flavone glycoside known to be toxic to the New World corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea Boddie. Three different H. armigera colonies were tested: a wild-type colony (96-S), a colony selected for resistance to deltamethrin (Del-R), and a colony selected for resistance to the Cry1Ac protoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt-R). A colony of H. zea was also tested as a control. High-maysin silk diets significantly slowed the growth and arrested the development of larvae from all H. armigera colonies compared with low-maysin silk diets, maysin-lacking silk diets, and no-silk control diets. The effects on the H. armigera and H. zea colonies were similar across maysin levels, although H. zea is a larger insect than H. armigera and this overall size difference was observed. Among the H. armigera colonies, maysin effects were generally similar, although 7-d-old Del-R larvae were significantly smaller than 7-d-old Bt-R and 96-S larvae for one no-silk control and two maysin-containing silk treatments. The toxic effect of maysin on the Bt-R and Del-R colonies suggests that physiological mechanisms of H. armigera resistance to Cry1Ac and deltamethrin do not confer cross-resistance to maysin. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Rector, Brian G AU - Liang, Gemei AU - Guo, Yuyuan AD - USDA-ARS, Crop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit, Tifton, GA 31794, USA. rector@tifton.cpes.peachnet.edu Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 909 EP - 913 VL - 96 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Flavonoids KW - 0 KW - Glucosides KW - Insecticides KW - Nitriles KW - Pyrethrins KW - decamethrin KW - 2JTS8R821G KW - maysin KW - 70255-49-1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Insecticide Resistance KW - Plants, Genetically Modified KW - Gene Expression KW - Zea mays -- parasitology KW - Diet KW - Pest Control, Biological KW - Larva -- growth & development KW - Larva -- drug effects KW - Insect Control KW - Lepidoptera -- drug effects KW - Glucosides -- administration & dosage KW - Lepidoptera -- microbiology KW - Insecticides -- administration & dosage KW - Bacillus thuringiensis -- physiology KW - Lepidoptera -- genetics KW - Pyrethrins -- pharmacology KW - Flavonoids -- pharmacology KW - Lepidoptera -- physiology KW - Insecticides -- pharmacology KW - Glucosides -- pharmacology KW - Flavonoids -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73450747?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+maysin+on+wild-type%2C+deltamethrin-resistant%2C+and+Bt-resistant+Helicoverpa+armigera+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29.&rft.au=Rector%2C+Brian+G%3BLiang%2C+Gemei%3BGuo%2C+Yuyuan&rft.aulast=Rector&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=909&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-13 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Current United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service research on understanding agrochemical fate and transport to prevent and mitigate adverse environmental impacts. AN - 73439443; 12846318 AB - Environmentally and economically viable agriculture requires a variety of cultivation practices and pest management options as no one system will be appropriate for every situation. Agrochemicals are some of the many pest control tools used in an integrated approach to pest management. They are applied with the intent of maximizing efficacy while minimizing off-site movement; however, their judicious use demands a practical knowledge of their fate and effects in agricultural and natural ecosystems. Agrochemical distribution into environmental compartments is influenced by the physical and chemical properties of the agrochemical and environmental conditions, ie soil type and structure, and meteorological conditions. Agricultural Research Service (ARS) researchers working in the area of agrochemical fate have focused on accurately describing those processes that govern the transport, degradation and bioavailability of these chemicals under conditions reflecting actual agronomic practices. Results from ARS research concerning the environmental fate and effects of agrochemicals have led to the development of science-based management practices that will protect vulnerable areas of the ecosystem. The new challenge is to identify these vulnerable areas and the temporal and spatial variations prior to use of the chemical by predicting how it will behave in environmental matrices, and using that information, predict its transport and transformation within an air- or watershed. With the development of better predictive tools and GIS (Geographic Information System)-based modeling, the risks of agricultural management systems can be assessed at the watershed and basin levels, and management strategies can be identified that minimize negative environmental impacts. JF - Pest management science AU - Hapeman, Cathleen J AU - McConnell, Laura L AU - Rice, Clifford P AU - Sadeghi, Ali M AU - Schmidt, Walter F AU - McCarty, Gregory W AU - Starr, James L AU - Rice, Pamela J AU - Angier, Jonathan T AU - Harman-Fetcho, J A AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Environmental Quality Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Bldg 007, BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. hapemanc@ba.ars.usda.gov PY - 2003 SP - 681 EP - 690 VL - 59 IS - 6-7 SN - 1526-498X, 1526-498X KW - Agrochemicals KW - 0 KW - Air Pollutants KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Air Pollutants -- metabolism KW - Research -- trends KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- metabolism KW - Air Pollutants -- chemistry KW - Environmental Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Agrochemicals -- chemistry KW - United States Department of Agriculture KW - Research Design KW - Agrochemicals -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73439443?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pest+management+science&rft.atitle=Current+United+States+Department+of+Agriculture-Agricultural+Research+Service+research+on+understanding+agrochemical+fate+and+transport+to+prevent+and+mitigate+adverse+environmental+impacts.&rft.au=Hapeman%2C+Cathleen+J%3BMcConnell%2C+Laura+L%3BRice%2C+Clifford+P%3BSadeghi%2C+Ali+M%3BSchmidt%2C+Walter+F%3BMcCarty%2C+Gregory+W%3BStarr%2C+James+L%3BRice%2C+Pamela+J%3BAngier%2C+Jonathan+T%3BHarman-Fetcho%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Hapeman&rft.aufirst=Cathleen&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=6-7&rft.spage=681&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pest+management+science&rft.issn=1526498X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-02 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fertile transgenic pearl millet [ Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] plants recovered through microprojectile bombardment and phosphinothricin selection of apical meristem-, inflorescence-, and immature embryo-derived embryogenic tissues. AN - 73428911; 12835911 AB - Pearl millet [ Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] is a drought-tolerant cereal crop used for grain and forage. Novel traits from outside of the gene pool could be introduced provided a reliable gene-transfer method were available. We have obtained herbicide-resistant transgenic pearl millet plants by microprojectile bombardment of embryogenic tissues with the bar gene. Embryogenic tissues derived from immature embryos, inflorescences and apical meristems from diploid and tetraploid pearl millet genotypes were used as target tissues. Transformed cells were selected in the dark on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 2 mg/l 2,4-D and 15 mg/l phosphinothricin (PPT). After 3-10 weeks in the dark, herbicide-resistant somatic embryos were induced to germinate on MS medium containing 0.1 mg/l thidiazuron and 0.1 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine. Plants were transferred to the greenhouse after they were rooted in the presence of PPT and had passed a chlorophenol red assay (the medium turned from red to yellow). Transgenic plants were recovered from bombardments using intact pAHC25 plasmid DNA, a gel-purified bar fragment, or a mixture of pAHC25 plasmid or bar fragment and a plasmid containing the enhanced green fluorescent protein ( gfp) gene (p524EGFP.1). Analyses by the polymerase chain reaction, Southern blot hybridization, GFP expression, resistance to herbicide application, and segregation of the bar and gfp genes confirmed the presence and stable integration of the foreign DNA. Transformed plants were recovered from all three explants, although transformation conditions were optimized using only the tetraploid inflorescence. Time from culture initiation to rooted transgenic plant using the tetraploid inflorescence ranged from 3-4 months. Seven independent DNA/gold precipitations were used to bombard 52 plates, 29 of which produced an average of 5.5 herbicide-resistant plants per plate. The number of herbicide-resistant plants recovered per successful bombardment ranged from one to 28 and the frequency of co-transformation with gfp ranged from 5% to 85%. JF - Plant cell reports AU - Goldman, J J AU - Hanna, W W AU - Fleming, G AU - Ozias-Akins, P AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, University of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, PO Box 748, Tifton, GA 31793, USA. Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 999 EP - 1009 VL - 21 IS - 10 SN - 0721-7714, 0721-7714 KW - Aminobutyrates KW - 0 KW - Herbicides KW - Luminescent Proteins KW - Green Fluorescent Proteins KW - 147336-22-9 KW - phosphinothricin KW - 51276-47-2 KW - Acetyltransferases KW - EC 2.3.1.- KW - phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase KW - Index Medicus KW - Fertility KW - Heredity KW - Plants, Genetically Modified KW - Transformation, Genetic KW - Regeneration KW - Drug Resistance KW - Reproduction KW - Acetyltransferases -- genetics KW - Transgenes -- genetics KW - Selection, Genetic KW - Luminescent Proteins -- genetics KW - Pennisetum -- drug effects KW - Pennisetum -- physiology KW - Herbicides -- pharmacology KW - Aminobutyrates -- pharmacology KW - Pennisetum -- embryology KW - Biolistics -- methods KW - Pennisetum -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73428911?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+cell+reports&rft.atitle=Fertile+transgenic+pearl+millet+%5B+Pennisetum+glaucum+%28L.%29+R.+Br.%5D+plants+recovered+through+microprojectile+bombardment+and+phosphinothricin+selection+of+apical+meristem-%2C+inflorescence-%2C+and+immature+embryo-derived+embryogenic+tissues.&rft.au=Goldman%2C+J+J%3BHanna%2C+W+W%3BFleming%2C+G%3BOzias-Akins%2C+P&rft.aulast=Goldman&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=999&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+cell+reports&rft.issn=07217714&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-16 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Efficacy of various concentrations of coumaphos to control adult, nymphal, and larval stages of an organophosphate-resistant strain of Boophilus microplus on infested cattle. AN - 73403658; 12828252 AB - To evaluate the efficacy of coumaphos, an organophosphate (OP) acaricide, at concentrations up to 2 times higher than the highest concentration required by the US Eradication Program against all stages of an OP-resistant strain of Boophilus microplus in experimentally infested cattle. 16 tick-naïve 200-kg female Hereford calves. Four groups of cattle (4 calves/group) were all infested with Boophilus ticks 3 times before treatment. Each group was treated with coumaphos as follows: group 1, at 0.165% active ingredient (AI); group 2, at 0.299% AI; group 3, at 0.566% AI; and group 4, not treated. Following treatment, ticks were collected for 21 days. Ticks collected 1 to 7, 8 to 14, and 15 to 21 days after treatment were considered adults, nymphs, and larvae, respectively, at time of treatment. Overall control at 0.165, 0.299, and 0.566% AI was 52.9, 75.8, and 89.7%, respectively. Control of adults ranged from 4.3% at 0.165% AI to 73.5% at 0.566% AI. Control of nymphs ranged from 60.6% at 0.165% AI to 97.3% at 0.566% AI. Control of larvae was > 98% at all coumaphos concentrations. All coumaphos concentrations failed to provide acceptable control for use in the US Eradication Program against OP-resistant ticks. Treatment was least effective against adults and most effective against larvae. Even at 0.566% AI (2 times higher than required by the US Eradication Program), ticks were not eradicated, placing the United States at risk from dispersing cattle harboring viable ticks to uninfested areas. JF - American journal of veterinary research AU - Davey, Ronald B AU - George, John E AU - Miller, Robert J AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Cattle Fever Tick Research Lab, Rt 3 Box 1010, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA. Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 684 EP - 689 VL - 64 IS - 6 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Coumaphos KW - L08SZ5Z5JC KW - Index Medicus KW - Tick Infestations -- drug therapy KW - Tick Infestations -- parasitology KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Tick Control -- methods KW - Female KW - Insecticide Resistance KW - Coumaphos -- pharmacology KW - Ticks -- drug effects KW - Insecticides -- therapeutic use KW - Insecticides -- administration & dosage KW - Coumaphos -- administration & dosage KW - Ticks -- growth & development KW - Cattle Diseases -- parasitology KW - Cattle Diseases -- drug therapy KW - Nymph -- drug effects KW - Insecticides -- pharmacology KW - Larva -- drug effects KW - Coumaphos -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73403658?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+veterinary+research&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+various+concentrations+of+coumaphos+to+control+adult%2C+nymphal%2C+and+larval+stages+of+an+organophosphate-resistant+strain+of+Boophilus+microplus+on+infested+cattle.&rft.au=Davey%2C+Ronald+B%3BGeorge%2C+John+E%3BMiller%2C+Robert+J&rft.aulast=Davey&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=684&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+veterinary+research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-30 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Catastrophic cattle loss to low larkspur (Delphinium nuttallianum) in Idaho. AN - 73327003; 12776789 AB - Low larkspur (Delphinium nuttallianum) is a toxic plant found on many western US rangelands. Episodes of fatal poisoning are often related to the abundance and toxicity of the low larkspurs. This report documents the fatal intoxication of 53 cattle in a herd of 404 animals in south-central Idaho during Spring 2002. Low larkspur had a toxic alkaloid concentration of 8.26 mg/g. Several factors were involved in a loss of this magnitude, including climatic conditions ideal for low larkspur growth, poor grass growth during the spring, the high alkaloid concentration in larkspur, and the deaths of many cattle while being moved from the pasture. It is important for livestock owners and managers to recognize toxic plants growing in their area. If there is an unusual abundance of larkspur or other toxic plants, correct identification can provoke caution in grazing management. JF - Veterinary and human toxicology AU - Pfister, James A AU - Gardner, Dale R AU - Stegelmeier, Bryan L AU - Hackett, Kimberly AU - Secrist, Glen AD - USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84341, USA. Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 137 EP - 139 VL - 45 IS - 3 SN - 0145-6296, 0145-6296 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Seasons KW - Incidence KW - Idaho -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Delphinium -- toxicity KW - Cattle Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Plant Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Plant Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Cattle Diseases -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73327003?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+and+human+toxicology&rft.atitle=Catastrophic+cattle+loss+to+low+larkspur+%28Delphinium+nuttallianum%29+in+Idaho.&rft.au=Pfister%2C+James+A%3BGardner%2C+Dale+R%3BStegelmeier%2C+Bryan+L%3BHackett%2C+Kimberly%3BSecrist%2C+Glen&rft.aulast=Pfister&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+and+human+toxicology&rft.issn=01456296&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-10 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ionizing radiation sensitivity of Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 49594 and Listeria innocua ATCC 51742 inoculated on endive (Cichorium endiva). AN - 73325807; 12800999 AB - Ionizing radiation inactivates the pathogenic bacteria that can contaminate leafy green vegetables. Leaf pieces and leaf homogenate of endive (Cichorium endiva) were inoculated with the pathogen Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 49594) or Listeria innocua (ATCC 51742), a nonpathogenic surrogate bacterium. The radiation sensitivity of the two strains was similar, although L. innocua was more sensitive to the type of suspending leaf preparation. During refrigerated storage after irradiation, the population of L. monocytogenes on inoculated endive was briefly suppressed by 0.42 kilogray (kGy), a dose calibrated to achieve a 99% reduction. However, the pathogen regrew after 5 days until it exceeded the bacterial levels on the control after 19 days in storage. Treatment with 0.84 kGy, equivalent to a 99.99% reduction, suppressed L. monocytogenes throughout refrigerated storage. Doses up to 1.0 kGy had no significant effect on the color of endive leaf material, regardless of whether taken from the leaf edge or the leaf midrib. The texture of leaf edge material was unaffected by doses up to 1.0 kGy, whereas the maximum dose tolerated by leaf midrib material was 0.8 kGy. These results show that endive leaves may be treated with doses sufficient to achieve at least a 99.99% reduction of L. monocytogenes with little or no impact on the product's texture or color. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Niemira, Brendan A AU - Fan, Xuetong AU - Sokorai, Kimberly J B AU - Sommers, Christopher H AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. bniemira@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 993 EP - 998 VL - 66 IS - 6 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Listeria -- growth & development KW - Time Factors KW - Plant Leaves -- microbiology KW - Listeria -- radiation effects KW - Vegetables -- standards KW - Vegetables -- microbiology KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- growth & development KW - Asteraceae -- radiation effects KW - Asteraceae -- microbiology KW - Food Irradiation KW - Vegetables -- radiation effects KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- radiation effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73325807?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Ionizing+radiation+sensitivity+of+Listeria+monocytogenes+ATCC+49594+and+Listeria+innocua+ATCC+51742+inoculated+on+endive+%28Cichorium+endiva%29.&rft.au=Niemira%2C+Brendan+A%3BFan%2C+Xuetong%3BSokorai%2C+Kimberly+J+B%3BSommers%2C+Christopher+H&rft.aulast=Niemira&rft.aufirst=Brendan&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=993&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-31 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecological issues related to N deposition to natural ecosystems: research needs. AN - 73169223; 12676207 AB - There has and continues to be concern about the effects of elevated nitrogen (N) deposition on natural ecosystems. In this paper, research on natural ecosystems, including wetlands, heathlands, grasslands, steppe, naturally regenerated forests and deserts, is evaluated to determine what is known about nitrogen cycling in these ecosystems, the effects of elevated nitrogen on them and to identify research gaps. Aquatic ecosystems are not included in this review, except as they are part of the larger ecosystem. Research needs fall into several categories: (1) improved understanding and quantification of the N cycle, particularly relatively unstudied processes such as dry deposition, N fixation and decomposition/mineralization; (2) carbon cycling as affected by increased N deposition; (3) effects on arid ecosystems and other "neglected" ecosystems; (4) effects on complex ecosystems and interactions with other pollutants; (5) indicators and assessment tools for natural ecosystems. JF - Environment international AU - Adams, Mary Beth AD - USDA Forest Service, Timber and Watershed Laboratory, 26287, Parsons, WV, USA. mbadams@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 189 EP - 199 VL - 29 IS - 2-3 SN - 0160-4120, 0160-4120 KW - Acid Rain KW - 0 KW - Air Pollutants KW - Nitrogen KW - N762921K75 KW - Index Medicus KW - Desert Climate KW - Trees KW - Nitrogen Fixation KW - Water Supply KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Research -- trends KW - Ecosystem KW - Air Pollutants -- metabolism KW - Nitrogen -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73169223?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environment+international&rft.atitle=Ecological+issues+related+to+N+deposition+to+natural+ecosystems%3A+research+needs.&rft.au=Adams%2C+Mary+Beth&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=189&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environment+international&rft.issn=01604120&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-12 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New international long-term ecological research on air pollution effects on the Carpathian Mountain forests, Central Europe. AN - 73150151; 12676229 AB - An international cooperative project on distribution of ozone in the Carpathian Mountains, Central Europe was conducted from 1997 to 1999. Results of that project indicated that in large parts of the Carpathian Mountains, concentrations of ozone were elevated and potentially phytotoxic to forest vegetation. That study led to the establishment of new long-term studies on ecological changes in forests and other ecosystems caused by air pollution in the Retezat Mountains, Southern Carpathians, Romania and in the Tatra Mountains, Western Carpathians on the Polish-Slovak border. Both of these important mountain ranges have the status of national parks and are Man & the Biosphere Reserves. In the Retezat Mountains, the primary research objective was to evaluate how air pollution may affect forest health and biodiversity. The main research objective in the Tatra Mountains was to evaluate responses of natural and managed Norway spruce forests to air pollution and other stresses. Ambient concentrations of ozone (O(3)), sulfur dioxide (SO(2)), nitrogen oxides (NO(x)) as well as forest health and biodiversity changes were monitored on densely distributed research sites. Initial monitoring of pollutants indicated low levels of O(3), SO(2), and NO(x) in the Retezat Mountains, while elevated levels of O(3) and high deposition of atmospheric sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) have characterized the Tatra Mountains. In the Retezat Mountains, air pollution seems to have little effect on forest health; however, there was concern that over a long time, even low levels of pollution may affect biodiversity of this important ecosystem. In contrast, severe decline of Norway spruce has been observed in the Tatra Mountains. Although bark beetle seems to be the immediate cause of that decline, long-term elevated levels of atmospheric N and S depositions and elevated O(3) could predispose trees to insect attacks and other stresses. European and US scientists studied pollution deposition, soil and plant chemistry, O(3)-sensitive plant species, forest insects, and genetic changes in the Retezat and Tatra Mountains. Results of these investigations are presented in a GIS format to allow for a better understanding of the changes and the recommendations for effective management in these two areas. JF - Environment international AU - Bytnerowicz, Andrzej AU - Badea, Ovidiu AU - Barbu, Ion AU - Fleischer, Peter AU - Fraczek, Witold AU - Gancz, Vladimir AU - Godzik, Barbara AU - Grodzińska, Krystyna AU - Grodzki, Wojciech AU - Karnosky, David AU - Koren, Milan AU - Krywult, Marek AU - Krzan, Zbigniew AU - Longauer, Roman AU - Mankovska, Blanka AU - Manning, William J AU - McManus, Michael AU - Musselman, Robert C AU - Novotny, Julius AU - Popescu, Flaviu AU - Postelnicu, Daniela AU - Prus-Głowacki, Wiesław AU - Skawiński, Paweł AU - Skiba, Stefan AU - Szaro, Robert AU - Tamas, Stefan AU - Vasile, Cristian AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 4955 Canyon Crest Drive, 92507, Riverside, CA, USA. abytnerowicz@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 367 EP - 376 VL - 29 IS - 2-3 SN - 0160-4120, 0160-4120 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Sulfur KW - 70FD1KFU70 KW - Nitrogen KW - N762921K75 KW - Index Medicus KW - Trees KW - Population Dynamics KW - Europe KW - Research -- trends KW - Sulfur -- adverse effects KW - Nitrogen -- adverse effects KW - Ecology KW - International Cooperation KW - Air Pollutants -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73150151?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environment+international&rft.atitle=New+international+long-term+ecological+research+on+air+pollution+effects+on+the+Carpathian+Mountain+forests%2C+Central+Europe.&rft.au=Bytnerowicz%2C+Andrzej%3BBadea%2C+Ovidiu%3BBarbu%2C+Ion%3BFleischer%2C+Peter%3BFraczek%2C+Witold%3BGancz%2C+Vladimir%3BGodzik%2C+Barbara%3BGrodzi%C5%84ska%2C+Krystyna%3BGrodzki%2C+Wojciech%3BKarnosky%2C+David%3BKoren%2C+Milan%3BKrywult%2C+Marek%3BKrzan%2C+Zbigniew%3BLongauer%2C+Roman%3BMankovska%2C+Blanka%3BManning%2C+William+J%3BMcManus%2C+Michael%3BMusselman%2C+Robert+C%3BNovotny%2C+Julius%3BPopescu%2C+Flaviu%3BPostelnicu%2C+Daniela%3BPrus-G%C5%82owacki%2C+Wies%C5%82aw%3BSkawi%C5%84ski%2C+Pawe%C5%82%3BSkiba%2C+Stefan%3BSzaro%2C+Robert%3BTamas%2C+Stefan%3BVasile%2C+Cristian&rft.aulast=Bytnerowicz&rft.aufirst=Andrzej&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=367&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environment+international&rft.issn=01604120&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-12 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A geographic information systems based landscape classification model to enhance soil survey; a southern Illinois case study AN - 51851590; 2004-038789 AB - This paper presents an innovative geographic information systems (GIS)-based model that can assist soil scientists in soil survey by providing quantitative data on soils and landscape characteristics. Using GIS data exploration techniques, nine data layers (percent slope, slope length, profile curvature, tangential curvature, mean curvature, flow accumulation, flow line density, distance to troughs, and distance to summits) were extracted from U.S. Geological Survey 30-m (98.43 ft) digital elevation models. A GIS clustering algorithm identified 50 landscape signatures from the nine data layers. A maximum likelihood discriminate analysis classifier was employed using the nine data layers and the 50 landscape signatures to create landscape classification information. This model provides an objective understanding of the soil-landscape relationship. The model was tested at a case study site in a quarter section of Massac County, Illinois, an area of homogeneous loess. Preliminary analysis indicates that the statistical relevance of the model is high, as a regression equation obtained a coefficient of determination (R (super 2) ) of .88. Thus the potential predictive capabilities of the model are great, and should be extended to heterogeneous landscapes through further testing. This GIS landscape model could be used by soil scientists to advance their knowledge of the soil-landscape relationship, and ultimately enhance soil survey in the future. The objective of this research is to develop a quantitative tool to model landscape elements using GIS and digital elevation models for application in soil survey. Soils are closely related to the landforms in which they reside. Hall and Olson (1991) observed that landscapes have a strong nonrandom variability component, which makes landscapes predictable, and since soils are strongly related to landscapes they should also be predictable. Quantitative procedures are available, but are sometimes met with resistance that can impede progress within soil survey. The next generation of soil survey needs to incorporate a major conceptual change in the way soils are mapped, specifically a change in the cartographic model. A continuous mapping cartographic model should be the future of soil survey. But this requires changing current views about the spatial distribution of soil. The current view that "soil types fit together like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle" (USDA-NRCS, 1999: p. 26) needs to be replaced with the view that soils are a continuum with spatial variations. Indeed this model bridges the gap between the "discrete" mapping of current soil survey and the "continuous" mapping efforts of the future. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Bathgate, Jon D AU - Duram, Leslie A Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 119 EP - 127 PB - Soil Conservation Society of America, [varies] VL - 58 IS - 3 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - United States KW - soils KW - Illinois KW - clastic sediments KW - slopes KW - graphic display KW - data processing KW - Massac County Illinois KW - mapping KW - digital terrain models KW - relief KW - models KW - case studies KW - geographic information systems KW - classification KW - soil surveys KW - sediments KW - surveys KW - loess KW - information systems KW - geomorphology KW - landscapes KW - 23:Geomorphology KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51851590?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=A+geographic+information+systems+based+landscape+classification+model+to+enhance+soil+survey%3B+a+southern+Illinois+case+study&rft.au=Bathgate%2C+Jon+D%3BDuram%2C+Leslie+A&rft.aulast=Bathgate&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.jswconline.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 38 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JSWCA3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - case studies; classification; clastic sediments; data processing; digital terrain models; geographic information systems; geomorphology; graphic display; Illinois; information systems; landscapes; loess; mapping; Massac County Illinois; models; relief; sediments; slopes; soil surveys; soils; surveys; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geochemical background data for soils of the United States; current status and new opportunities AN - 51453121; 2007-041462 JF - Proceedings of the Pacific Division, American Association for the Advancement of Science AU - Smith, David B AU - Goldhaber, Martin B AU - Wilson, Michael A AU - Burt, Rebecca A2 - Christianson, Roger G. Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 83 EP - 84 PB - American Association for the Advancement of Science, Pacific Division, San Francisco, CA VL - 22, Part 1 KW - United States KW - soils KW - programs KW - North America KW - survey organizations KW - U. S. Geological Survey KW - background level KW - government agencies KW - international cooperation KW - sampling KW - planning KW - metals KW - soil surveys KW - surveys KW - trace elements KW - Natural Resources Conservation Service KW - geochemistry KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51453121?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Pacific+Division%2C+American+Association+for+the+Advancement+of+Science&rft.atitle=Geochemical+background+data+for+soils+of+the+United+States%3B+current+status+and+new+opportunities&rft.au=Smith%2C+David+B%3BGoldhaber%2C+Martin+B%3BWilson%2C+Michael+A%3BBurt%2C+Rebecca&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=22%2C+Part+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Pacific+Division%2C+American+Association+for+the+Advancement+of+Science&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 84th annual meeting of the Pacific Division, American Association for the Advancement of Science N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2007-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CA N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03286 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - background level; geochemistry; government agencies; international cooperation; metals; Natural Resources Conservation Service; North America; planning; programs; sampling; soil surveys; soils; survey organizations; surveys; trace elements; U. S. Geological Survey; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Broadcast Manure on Runoff Phosphorus Concentrations over Successive Rainfall Events AN - 19927484; 5797475 AB - Concern over eutrophication has directed attention to manure management effects on phosphorus (P) loss in runoff. This study evaluates the effects of manure application rate and type on runoff P concentrations from two, acidic agricultural soils over successive runoff events. Soils were packed into 100- x 20- x 5-cm runoff boxes and broadcast with three manures (dairy, Bos taurus; layer poultry, Gallus gallus; swine, Sus scrofa) at six rates, from 0 to 150 kg total phosphorus (TP) ha super(-1). Simulated rainfall (70 mm h super(-1)) was applied until 30 min of runoff was collected 3, 10, and 24 d after manure application. Application rate was related to runoff P (r super(2) = 0.50-0.98), due to increased concentrations of dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) in runoff; as application rate increased, so did the contribution of DRP to runoff TP. Varied concentrations of water-extractable phosphorus (WEP) in manures (2-8 g WEP kg super(-1)) resulted in significantly lower DRP concentrations in runoff from dairy manure treatments (0.4-2.2 mg DRP L super(-1)) than from poultry (0.3-32.5 mg DRP L super(-1)) and swine manure treatments (0.3-22.7 mg DRP L super(-1)). Differences in runoff DRP concentrations related to manure type and application rate were diminished by repeated rainfall events, probably as a result of manure P translocation into the soil and removal of applied P by runoff. Differential erosion of broadcast manure caused significant differences in runoff TP concentrations between soils. Results highlight the important, but transient, role of soluble P in manure on runoff P, and point to the interactive effects of management and soils on runoff P losses. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Kleinman, PJA AU - Sharpley, AN AD - USDA-ARS, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, University Park, PA 16802-3702, USA, pjk9@psu.edu Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 1072 EP - 1081 VL - 32 IS - 3 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Poultry KW - Agricultural Runoff KW - Manure KW - Sus scrofa KW - poultry KW - Eutrophication KW - Environmental Quality KW - Rainfall KW - Phosphorus KW - Bos taurus KW - Application Rates KW - Soil KW - Translocation KW - Animal wastes KW - Gallus gallus KW - Nonpoint Pollution Sources KW - agricultural land KW - Simulated Rainfall KW - Dairies KW - Erosion KW - translocation KW - Runoff KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19927484?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Broadcast+Manure+on+Runoff+Phosphorus+Concentrations+over+Successive+Rainfall+Events&rft.au=Kleinman%2C+PJA%3BSharpley%2C+AN&rft.aulast=Kleinman&rft.aufirst=PJA&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1072&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Erosion; Dairies; Manure; Animal wastes; poultry; Eutrophication; Rainfall; Phosphorus; agricultural land; translocation; Agricultural Runoff; Poultry; Environmental Quality; Nonpoint Pollution Sources; Simulated Rainfall; Application Rates; Translocation; Runoff; Sus scrofa; Gallus gallus; Bos taurus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aspen Regeneration in Riparian Management Zones in Northern Minnesota: Effects of Residual Overstory and Harvest Method AN - 19650334; 7399488 AB - We examined aspen regeneration under different riparian management zone (RMZ) treatments in aspen forests in northern Minnesota. We also compared aspen regeneration in partially harvested RMZs to adjacent upland clearcuts. The four RMZ treatments included: (1) full control (no cutting in RMZ or upland; (2) riparian control (RMZ uncut; upland clearcut); and partially harvested RMZs cut to 54 ft super(2)/ac, with upland clearcut using (3) cut-to-length (CTL), or (4) tree-length harvesting. Three years after harvest, aspen sucker densities in the tree-length and CTL treatments were significantly higher than the full control, but did not differ from each other or the riparian control. Mean individual sucker heights (63-73 in) and aboveground biomass (2.4-3.4 oz) varied among the riparian treatments, but not significantly. Sucker densities were 62% higher in the adjacent clearcuts than in the partially harvested RMZs. Mean suckers heights did not differ between the two locations (71 in.), but aboveground biomass of suckers did differ significantly, averaging 3.4 oz in the partially harvested RMZs and 4.5 oz in the clearcuts. Our results indicate that 60% removal of basal area within RMZs increases density and size of aspen regeneration significantly, compared to uncut forest, but stocking is still below what is considered adequate for 3-yr-old stands. Suckering responses were similar with cut-to-length and tree-length harvesting, suggesting that harvest system has little effect on sucker development. While aspen likely will be a component of partially harvested RMZs, density and biomass increment will be much lower than in single-cohort stands and lower than what is considered desirable for commercial production. JF - Northern Journal of Applied Forestry AU - Palik, B AU - Cease, K AU - Egeland, L AU - Blinn, C AD - USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station, Grand Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 79 EP - 84 VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0742-6348, 0742-6348 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - regeneration KW - harvesting KW - Riparian environments KW - Biomass KW - cuttings KW - USA, Minnesota KW - Clear cutting KW - Forestry KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19650334?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northern+Journal+of+Applied+Forestry&rft.atitle=Aspen+Regeneration+in+Riparian+Management+Zones+in+Northern+Minnesota%3A+Effects+of+Residual+Overstory+and+Harvest+Method&rft.au=Palik%2C+B%3BCease%2C+K%3BEgeland%2C+L%3BBlinn%2C+C&rft.aulast=Palik&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northern+Journal+of+Applied+Forestry&rft.issn=07426348&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - regeneration; harvesting; Riparian environments; cuttings; Biomass; Forestry; Clear cutting; USA, Minnesota ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phosphorus Loss to Runoff Water Twenty-Four Hours after Application of Liquid Swine Manure or Fertilizer AN - 19416699; 5797472 AB - Phosphorus (P) added to soil from fertilizer or manure application could pose a threat to water quality due to its role in eutrophication of fresh water resources. Incorporating such amendments into the soil is an established best management practice (BMP) for reducing soluble P losses in runoff water, but could also lead to higher erosion. The objective of this study was to test whether incorporation of manure or fertilizer 24 h before an intense rain could also reduce sediment-bound and total phosphorus (TP) losses in runoff. A rainfall simulation study was conducted on field plots (sandy loam with 6-7% slope, little surface residue, recently cultivated) that received two application rates of liquid swine manure or liquid ammonium polyphosphate fertilizer, using either surface-broadcast or incorporated methods of application. Incorporation increased the total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations in runoff but mass losses were not affected. Incorporation also reduced flow-weighted concentrations and losses of dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) and TP by as much as 30 to 60% depending on source (fertilizer vs. manure) and application rate. Phosphorus is moved below the mixing zone of interaction on incorporation, and thus the effect of the amount and availability of P in this zone is more important than cultivation on subsequent P losses in runoff. Incorporating manure or fertilizer in areas of intense erosive rain, recent extensive tillage, and with little or no surface residue is therefore a best management practice that should be adhered to in order to minimize contamination of surface water. Results also show comparatively lower P losses from manure than fertilizer. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Tabbara, H AD - USDA-ARS, Water Conservation Laboratory, 4331 E. Broadway Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA, Hadi.Tabbara@asu.edu Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 1044 EP - 1052 VL - 32 IS - 3 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - swine KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Agricultural Runoff KW - Manure KW - Water Pollution Sources KW - Surface water KW - Eutrophication KW - Phosphorus KW - Surface Water KW - Application Rates KW - Fertilizers KW - Stormwater runoff KW - Water Quality Control KW - Agricultural runoff KW - Pigs (see also Livestock) KW - Best Management Practices KW - Water quality control KW - Agricultural Practices KW - Rain KW - Runoff KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19416699?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Phosphorus+Loss+to+Runoff+Water+Twenty-Four+Hours+after+Application+of+Liquid+Swine+Manure+or+Fertilizer&rft.au=Tabbara%2C+H&rft.aulast=Tabbara&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1044&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water quality control; Fertilizers; Manure; Stormwater runoff; Eutrophication; Surface water; Phosphorus; Agricultural runoff; Agricultural Runoff; Agricultural Practices; Pigs (see also Livestock); Surface Water; Water Quality Control; Water Pollution Sources; Best Management Practices; Rain; Application Rates; Runoff ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sequestration of Phosphorus by Acid Mine Drainage Floc AN - 19413871; 5797480 AB - Solubilization and transport of phosphorus (P) to the water environment is a critical environmental issue. Flocs resulting from neutralizing acid mine drainage (AMD) were tested as a possible low-cost amendment to reduce the loss of soluble P from agricultural fields and animal wastewater. Flocs were prepared by neutralizing natural and synthetic solutions of AMD with limestone, lime, ammonium hydroxide, and sodium hydroxide. Phosphorus sequestration was tested in three distinct environments: water, soil, and manure storage basins. In water, flocs prepared from AMD adsorbed 10 to 20 g P kg super(-1) dry floc in equilibrium with 1 mg L super(-1) soluble P. Similar results were observed for both Fe-based and Al-based synthetic flocs. A local soil sample adsorbed about 0.1 g P kg super(-1), about two orders of magnitude less. The AMD-derived flocs were mixed with a high-P soil at 5 to 80 g floc kg super(-1) soil, followed by water and acid (Mehlich-1) extractions. All flocs performed similarly. About 70% of the water-extractable P was sequestered by the floc when applied at a rate of 20 g floc kg super(-1) soil, whereas plant-available P only decreased by about 30%. Under anaerobic conditions simulating manure storage basins, all AMD flocs reduced soluble P by greater than 95% at a rate of 0.2 g floc g super(-1) rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) manure. These findings indicate that AMD flocs could be an effective agent for preventing soluble P losses from soil and manure to the water environment, while at the same time decreasing the costs associated with AMD treatment. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Adler, PR AU - Sibrell, P L AD - National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, USDA Agricultural Research Service, 11876 Leetown Rd., Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA, pra10@psu.edu Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 1122 EP - 1129 VL - 32 IS - 3 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Rainbow trout KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Anaerobic Conditions KW - Limestone KW - Acidic wastes KW - Manure KW - Mine drainage KW - Phosphorus KW - Flocculation KW - Waste management KW - Soil KW - Water Quality Control KW - Neutralization KW - Testing Procedures KW - Salmon KW - Acid Mine Drainage KW - Oncorhynchus mykiss KW - Storage KW - Mines and mining KW - Water quality control KW - Floc KW - Trout KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19413871?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Sequestration+of+Phosphorus+by+Acid+Mine+Drainage+Floc&rft.au=Adler%2C+PR%3BSibrell%2C+P+L&rft.aulast=Adler&rft.aufirst=PR&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1122&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water quality control; Agriculture; Soil; Manure; Acidic wastes; Mine drainage; Phosphorus; Flocculation; Neutralization; Waste management; Mines and mining; Floc; Water Quality Control; Salmon; Storage; Testing Procedures; Anaerobic Conditions; Limestone; Trout; Acid Mine Drainage; Oncorhynchus mykiss ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Technique To Estimate Release Characteristics And Runoff Phosphorus For Agricultural Land 1 AN - 19321605; 8610580 AB - Using soil tests to estimate phosphorus (P) released from agricultural soil by runoff had limited success because P loss is a function of source and transport parameters. There are good procedures applying these parameters, but they are lengthy, expensive and demand numerous laboratory and field data. The objective is to develop reliable exploratory technique to estimate runoff P for agricultural land. Various forms of P like moisture are held by soil particles at different energy levels. Kinetic energy exerted by raindrops on surface soil plays a major role in releasing P. The Soil Survey Laboratory suggests an anion exchange resin (AER) method to determine P release characteristics (PRC) for soils. In this method, different levels of energy are applied by water on soil particles when soil suspension is shaken for various periods. Understanding the relationship between shaking and rainfall energy enabled us to use the AER method to predict P released by rainfall. USDA/NRCS (SCS) runoff equation is applied to determine the relationship between rainfall and runoff for agricultural watersheds. Soil hydrology, rainfall, and type of vegetation are parameters utilized by the runoff model. We propose a technique implementing the AER method and runoff equation to estimate runoff P for agricultural land. The estimated runoff P for 24 soils investigated ranged between 0.09 and 8.3 (fallow), 0.06 and 7.5 (cropland), and 0 and 6.0kgP/ha/y for grassland. Field studies on different benchmark soils of the United States are in progress to estimate runoff P by using rainfall simulators. These data could be used to verify and calibrate the technique. JF - Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis AU - Elrashidi, M A AU - Mays, M D AU - Jones, P E AD - Soil Survey Laboratory, National Soil Survey Center, USDA/NRCS, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 1759 EP - 1790 PB - Taylor & Francis, 11 New Fetter Lane London EC4P 4EE UK, [mailto:info@tandf.co.uk], [URL:http://www.tandf.co.uk] VL - 34 IS - 13-14 SN - 0010-3624, 0010-3624 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Grasslands KW - USA KW - Agricultural Runoff KW - Laboratories KW - Rainfall KW - Phosphorus KW - Nonpoint Pollution Sources KW - Hydrology KW - Vegetation KW - Runoff KW - SW 7060:Research facilities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19321605?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communications+in+Soil+Science+and+Plant+Analysis&rft.atitle=A+Technique+To+Estimate+Release+Characteristics+And+Runoff+Phosphorus+For+Agricultural+Land+1&rft.au=Elrashidi%2C+M+A%3BMays%2C+M+D%3BJones%2C+P+E&rft.aulast=Elrashidi&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=13-14&rft.spage=1759&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Communications+in+Soil+Science+and+Plant+Analysis&rft.issn=00103624&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FCSS-120023213 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agricultural Runoff; Rainfall; Runoff; Nonpoint Pollution Sources; Laboratories; Phosphorus; Grasslands; Vegetation; Hydrology; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/CSS-120023213 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wintering bald eagle trends in northern Arizona, 1975-2000 AN - 19228284; 5773529 AB - Between 1975 and 2000, 4,525 sightings of wintering bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) were recorded at Mormon Lake in northern Arizona. Numbers of wintering eagles fluctuated little in the 20 years from 1975 through 1994 (5.5 plus or minus 3.0 mean sightings per day). However, during the winters of 1995 through 1997 local record highs of 59 to 118 eagles increased mean sightings per day to 22.4 plus or minus 9.6. This dramatic population increase led to a major change in social behavior favoring consistent communal roosting; maximum roost counts of 2 to 8 eagles scattered among 11 roosts in prior years shifted to maximums of 33 to 45 eagles regularly using 2 roosts during 1996 and 1997. Winter population averaged 58% adults and 42% immatures, but during 5 recent years of greatest numbers ( greater than or equal to 40 eagles in 1989, 1995 through 1997, and 2000), the proportion of immatures increased to 58%. Local increases in the wintering eagle population at Mormon Lake were largely attributable to this greater proportion of immature bald eagles. Both age classes peaked in February, with adults more abundant during October through December and immatures more abundant from January through April. Weekly maximum counts for 1995 through 1997 indicated changing weather and prey conditions resulted in annual variation in local numbers and habitat use of wintering bald eagles. JF - Southwestern Naturalist AU - Grubb, T G AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2500 South Pine Knoll Drive, Flagstaff, AZ 86001-6381, USA, tgrubb@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 223 EP - 230 VL - 48 IS - 2 SN - 0038-4909, 0038-4909 KW - Bald eagle KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Haliaeetus leucocephalus KW - Roosting behavior KW - Overwintering KW - USA, Arizona KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19228284?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southwestern+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Wintering+bald+eagle+trends+in+northern+Arizona%2C+1975-2000&rft.au=Grubb%2C+T+G&rft.aulast=Grubb&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southwestern+Naturalist&rft.issn=00384909&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Haliaeetus leucocephalus; USA, Arizona; Overwintering; Roosting behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of Intermediate and Branch Metabolites Resulting from Biotransformation of 2-Benzoxazolinone by Fusarium verticillioides AN - 18941931; 5680159 AB - Detoxification of the maize (Zea mays) antimicrobial compound 2- benzoxazolinone by the fungal endophyte Fusarium verticillioides involves two genetic loci, FDB1 and FDB2, and results in the formation of N- (2-hydroxyphenyl)malonamic acid. Intermediate and branch metabolites were previously suggested to be part of the biotransformation pathway. Evidence is presented here in support of 2-aminophenol as the intermediate metabolite and 2- acetamidophenol as the branch metabolite, which was previously designated as BOA-X. Overall, 2-benzoxazolinone metabolism involves hydrolysis (FDB1) to produce 2-aminophenol, which is then modified (FDB2) by addition of a malonyl group to produce N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)malonamic acid. If the modification is prevented due to genetic mutation (fbd2), then 2- acetamidophenol may accumulate as a result of addition of an acetyl group to 2- aminophenol. This study resolves the overall chemistry of the 2-benzoxazolinone detoxification pathway, and we hypothesize that biotransformation of the related antimicrobial 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone to produce N-(2-hydroxy-4- methoxyphenyl)malonamic acid also occurs via the same enzymatic modifications. Detoxification of these antimicrobials by F. verticillioides apparently is not a major virulence factor but may enhance the ecological fitness of the fungus during colonization of maize stubble and field debris. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Glenn, A E AU - Meredith, F I AU - Morrison, WH III AU - Bacon, C W AD - USDA, ARS, P.O. Box 5677, Russell Research Center, Athens, GA 30604-5677, aglenn@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 3165 EP - 3169 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 69 IS - 6 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - maize KW - 2-acetamidophenol KW - 2-benzoxazolinone KW - 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone KW - FDB1 gene KW - FDB2 gene KW - N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)malonamic acid KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Zea mays KW - Antimicrobial agents KW - Fusarium verticillioides KW - A 01014:Others KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32390:Others KW - W4 320:Cell Culture & Batch Fermentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18941931?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+Intermediate+and+Branch+Metabolites+Resulting+from+Biotransformation+of+2-Benzoxazolinone+by+Fusarium+verticillioides&rft.au=Glenn%2C+A+E%3BMeredith%2C+F+I%3BMorrison%2C+WH+III%3BBacon%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=Glenn&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=3165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.69.6.3165-3169.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; Fusarium verticillioides; Antimicrobial agents DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.6.3165-3169.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A genetic survey of Salvinia minima in the southern United States AN - 18929236; 5666857 AB - The genetic relationships among 68 samples of Salvinia minima (Salviniaceae) were investigated using RAPD analysis. Neighbor joining, principle components, and AMOVA analyses were used to detect differences among geographically referenced samples within and outside of Florida. Genetic distances (Nei and Li) range up to 0.48, although most are under 0.30, still relatively high levels for an introduced, clonally reproducing plant. Despite the diversity AMOVA analysis yielded no indication that the Florida plants, as a group, were significantly different from the plants sampled elsewhere in its adventive, North American range. A single, genetically dissimilar population probably exists in the recent (1998) horticultural introduction to Mississippi. When the samples were grouped into 10 regional (but artificial) units and analyzed using AMOVA the between region variance was only 7.7%. Genetic similarity among these regions may indicate introduction and dispersal from common sources. The reduced aggressiveness of Florida populations (compared to other states) may be due to herbivory. The weevil Cyrtobagous salviniae, a selective feeder, is found in Florida but not other states. The genetic similarity also suggests that there are no obvious genetic obstacles to the establishment or efficacy of C. salviniae as a biological control agent on S. minima outside of Florida. JF - Aquatic Botany AU - Madeira, P T AU - Jacono, C C AU - Tipping, P AU - Center, TKJTD AD - USDA, ARS, Invasive Plant Research Lab, 3205 College Avenue, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA, ptmadeira@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 127 EP - 139 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 76 IS - 2 SN - 0304-3770, 0304-3770 KW - genetics KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - AMOVA KW - Biological control KW - Clonal reproduction KW - Cyrtobagous salviniae KW - PCA KW - Polyploidy KW - RAPD KW - Salvinia minima KW - Somatic mutation KW - Plant Populations KW - Aquatic Plants KW - USA, Florida KW - Statistical Analysis KW - Weed Control KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18929236?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Botany&rft.atitle=A+genetic+survey+of+Salvinia+minima+in+the+southern+United+States&rft.au=Madeira%2C+P+T%3BJacono%2C+C+C%3BTipping%2C+P%3BCenter%2C+TKJTD&rft.aulast=Madeira&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Botany&rft.issn=03043770&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0304-3770%2803%2900036-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Plant Populations; Aquatic Plants; Statistical Analysis; Weed Control; USA, Florida DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3770(03)00036-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil moisture estimates from TRMM Microwave Imager observations over the Southern United States AN - 18918041; 5606566 AB - The lack of continuous soil moisture fields at large spatial scales, based on observations, has hampered hydrologists from understanding its role in weather and climate. The most readily available observations from which a surface wetness state could be derived is the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) observations at 10.65 GHz. This paper describes the first attempt to map daily soil moisture from space over an extended period of time. Methods to adjust for diurnal changes associated with this temporal variability and how to mosaic these orbits are presented. The algorithm for deriving soil moisture and temperature from TMI observations is based on a physical model of microwave emission from a layered soil-vegetation- atmosphere medium. An iterative, least-squares minimization method, which uses dual polarization observations at 10.65 GHz, is employed in the retrieval algorithm. Soil moisture estimates were compared with ground measurements over the U.S. Southern Great Plains (SGP) in Oklahoma and the Little River Watershed, Georgia. The soil moisture experiment in Oklahoma was conducted in July 1999 and Little River in June 2000. During both the experiments, the region was dry at the onset of the experiment, and experienced moderate rainfall during the course of the experiment. The regions experienced a quick dry-down before the end of the experiment. The estimated soil moisture compared well with the ground observations for these experiments (standard error of 2.5%). The TMI-estimated soil moisture during 6-22 July over Southern U.S. was analyzed and found to be consistent with the observed meteorological conditions. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - Bindlish, R AU - Jackson, T J AU - Wood, E AU - Gao, H AU - Starks, P AU - Bosch, D AU - Lakshmi, V AD - SSAI, USDA ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, tjackson@hydrolab.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 507 EP - 515 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK VL - 85 IS - 4 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - USA, south KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Soil moisture estimates KW - TRMM Microwave Imager KW - Southern United States KW - USA, South KW - Remote Sensing KW - Meteorological Data Collection KW - Microwaves KW - USA, Great Plains KW - Satellite soil moisture estimates KW - Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) KW - Soil Water KW - Mapping KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - M2 551.501.86:Use of satellite-borne instruments (551.501.86) KW - M2 551.579.5:Soil moisture, percolation (551.579.5) KW - M2 556.142:Soil moisture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18918041?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=Soil+moisture+estimates+from+TRMM+Microwave+Imager+observations+over+the+Southern+United+States&rft.au=Bindlish%2C+R%3BJackson%2C+T+J%3BWood%2C+E%3BGao%2C+H%3BStarks%2C+P%3BBosch%2C+D%3BLakshmi%2C+V&rft.aulast=Bindlish&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=507&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0034-4257%2803%2900052-X LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Satellite soil moisture estimates; Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM); Remote Sensing; Meteorological Data Collection; Microwaves; Mapping; Soil Water; USA, South; USA, Great Plains DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(03)00052-X ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of surface temperature contrast on land-atmosphere exchange: A case study from Monsoon 90 AN - 18910395; 5654814 AB - Atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) simulations over remotely sensed boundary conditions using a large eddy simulation (LES) code are employed here to explore the dynamical coupling of heterogeneous land surfaces and the ABL. The LES was recently extended to incorporate remotely observed surface states, and the ability to account for the soil and vegetation (i.e. two sources) contributions to the mass and energy exchanges [Albertson et al. 2001]. In this effort we explore the impacts of changes in the magnitude of surface variability (i.e. spatial contrasts). We focus our simulations and analysis with rescaled surface temperature fields to explore a wider range of contrasts (i.e. spatial variance). We demonstrate that the increase in temperature contrast has negligible effect on regionally averaged fluxes. However, the strength of coupling (or feedback) between spatial fields of land surface and surface layer temperature (z similar to 10 m) increases with increasing temperature contrast. This dampens increases in the spatial variance in the sensible heat flux relative to increases in the spatial variance in surface temperature, suggesting the feedbacks act to limit the spatial variability in the flux. We also use the LES to explore the errors induced in spatially distributed heat flux predictions from using spatially uniform atmospheric variables in a related two-source energy-balance radiometric surface temperature scheme. The use of spatially uniform atmospheric variables is commonly employed when computing surface fluxes from remotely sensed land surface data. This leads to significant differences in the spatial distribution of land surface fluxes when compared to LES derived fluxes. This was particularly evident in the overestimated Bowen ratio ( beta ), primarily for locations with relatively low vegetation cover. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Kustas, W P AU - Albertson, J D AD - Agricultural Research Service Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, USDA, Beltsville, Maryland, USA Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 VL - 39 IS - 6 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Citation No. 1159 KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 0830:Evaporation and transpiration KW - M2 551.525:Earth Temperature (551.525) KW - M2 556.131.12:Energy balance methods (556.131.12) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18910395?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Effects+of+surface+temperature+contrast+on+land-atmosphere+exchange%3A+A+case+study+from+Monsoon+90&rft.au=Kustas%2C+W+P%3BAlbertson%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Kustas&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2001WR001226 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication date refers to online version. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001WR001226 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nutrient Limitation of Zannichellia palustris and Elodea canadensis Growing in Sediments from Fall River, California AN - 18904605; 5645904 AB - Predicting aquatic plant growth based on sediment nutrients is problematic. Two experiments with sandy or silty sediments from Fall River, California were performed to identify the limiting nutrient for two abundant species of submersed plants in the river. Growth of Zannichellia palustris L. or Elodea canadensis Rich. was significantly enhanced by the addition of N or a combination of N and P to sandy sediments but not those that were silty. Root:shoot ratios declined for plants growing with added nutrients. Plant tissue N concentrations increased as well. Tissue N:P ratios indicated that N rather than P limited growth. Results support the literature hypothesis that sediment N availability may limit growth and distribution of submersed rooted aquatic plants. JF - Journal of Freshwater Ecology AU - Spencer, D AU - Ksander, G AD - USDA-ARS Exotic & Invasive Weeds Research Unit, Robbins Hall, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 207 EP - 214 VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0270-5060, 0270-5060 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Rivers KW - Ecological distribution KW - Nutrient availability KW - Aquatic plants KW - Limiting factors KW - Freshwater KW - Sediments KW - USA, California, Fall R. KW - Growth KW - Elodea canadensis KW - USA, California KW - Nutrients (mineral) KW - Freshwater ecology KW - Zannichellia palustris KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - Q1 08424:Age and growth UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18904605?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Freshwater+Ecology&rft.atitle=Nutrient+Limitation+of+Zannichellia+palustris+and+Elodea+canadensis+Growing+in+Sediments+from+Fall+River%2C+California&rft.au=Spencer%2C+D%3BKsander%2C+G&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=207&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Freshwater+Ecology&rft.issn=02705060&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Growth; Aquatic plants; Limiting factors; Nutrients (mineral); Freshwater ecology; Rivers; Ecological distribution; Nutrient availability; Sediments; Elodea canadensis; Zannichellia palustris; USA, California, Fall R.; USA, California; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of Swiss Needle Cast Disease: Temporal and Spatial Investigations of Fungal Colonization and Symptom Severity AN - 18893307; 5756731 AB - Increasing severity of Swiss needle cast (SNC), a foliar disease of Douglas-fir caused by the fungus Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii, has become a matter of concern in forest plantations throughout coastal Oregon and Washington. This study monitored SNC disease in three Oregon Douglas-fir plantations bi-annually in 1998-1999, and compared differences in fungal colonization and symptom development in trees from north- and south-facing plots at each plantation. Fungal colonization as quantified by ergosterol content, pseudothecia density and quantitative PCR was significantly correlated with symptom severity (needle retention and needle cholorosis). All three measures of fungal colonization were highly correlated with each other; and only the ergosterol-pseudothecia relationship differed between plots, presumably due to the non-species specific nature of ergosterol measurements. Differences in symptom severity and fungal colonization between north- and south-aspect plots were consistent with climate differences. At low to moderate levels of infection, trees growing on warmer (i.e. south slopes in the western, and north slopes in the eastern Coast Range) slopes had higher levels of colonization, particularly during the winter months. Plots with southern exposures, which received greater amounts of solar radiation, had greater amounts of needle abscission compared to north-aspect plots with similar amounts of fungal colonization. As a result, greater fungal abundance and symptom expression developed on south-aspect slopes within the Oregon Coast Range. JF - Journal of Phytopathology AU - Manter, D K AU - Winton, L M AU - Filip, G M AU - Stone, J K AD - USDA Forest Service, PNW Research Station, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, USA, dmanter@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 344 EP - 351 VL - 151 IS - 6 SN - 0931-1785, 0931-1785 KW - Douglas-fir KW - needle cast disease KW - slope aspect KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18893307?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+Swiss+Needle+Cast+Disease%3A+Temporal+and+Spatial+Investigations+of+Fungal+Colonization+and+Symptom+Severity&rft.au=Manter%2C+D+K%3BWinton%2C+L+M%3BFilip%2C+G+M%3BStone%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Manter&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=151&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=344&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Phytopathology&rft.issn=09311785&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Weed Control as a Rationale for Restoration: The Example of Tallgrass Prairie AN - 18875857; 5732596 AB - The potential weed control benefits of ecological restoration are rarely cited and largely unstudied. Nevertheless, the nature of many restoration target communities, i.e., diverse, late-successional communities, suggests that restoration may control weeds and that the invasibility of plant communities may decrease with both diversity and successional age. Given the high cost of weed control in nonagricultural land, weed control benefits could be a strong incentive for restoration efforts. We examined the cumulative effects of restoration on weed populations 7 yr after tall-grass prairie restoration on a Minnesota sand plain. The numbers and biomass of volunteer weeds were compared among randomized plots with (1) no restoration, (2) prairie seed addition, and (3) site preparation plus prairie seed addition. After 7 yr, comparison with unrestored sites showed that site preparation plus prairie seed addition had reduced weed biomass by 94%, total weed stem number by 76%, and the stem numbers of four individual weed species. Prairie seed addition alone had no significant effect on weed biomass but reduced weed stem number by 45%. Restoration also reduced available light, which is consistent with the hypothesis that restoration may limit weed invasion by decreasing resource availability. JF - Conservation Ecology AU - Blumenthal, D M AU - Jordan, N R AU - Svenson, EL AD - USDA-ARS, Rangeland Resources Research Unit, Crops Research Laboratory, 1701 Center Avenue, 80526-2083, USA, dblumenthal@npa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 6 PB - Ecological Society of America VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 1195-5449, 1195-5449 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18875857?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Conservation+Ecology&rft.atitle=Weed+Control+as+a+Rationale+for+Restoration%3A+The+Example+of+Tallgrass+Prairie&rft.au=Blumenthal%2C+D+M%3BJordan%2C+N+R%3BSvenson%2C+EL&rft.aulast=Blumenthal&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=6&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Conservation+Ecology&rft.issn=11955449&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Feeding and Reproduction as Functions of Cotton Square Availability AN - 18869823; 5712935 AB - The influence of food item availability on boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, feeding and reproduction was determined by providing different numbers of cotton squares (flower buds) to individual weevils. Squares were replaced daily after a 5-d feeding and mating conditioning period. The number of lifetime punctures produced by boll weevil females and males increased with square availability. The total number of punctures caused by boll weevil females was 2.7-fold higher than that caused by males. Fecundity was significantly higher in the 10:1, 15:1, and 20:1 (squares:female) treatments than in the 1:1 treatment. The relationship between eggs laid per day and the square to female ratio significantly changed over the life of the female, with the largest differences among treatments occurring in the first 3 wk of adulthood. Survival of weevil progeny to adulthood was about two-fold higher in the 10:1, 15:1, and 20:1 treatments than in the 1:1 and 5:1 treatments. When each boll weevil female was provided 10, 15, or 20 cotton squares per day, estimates of a population growth index (percent of immatures surviving to adulthood divided by immature development time) and the exponential rate of increase (r m) were significantly higher than for those provided only one or five squares per day. Boll weevil populations maintained at a square:weevil ratio of 10:1 or above will increase >60-fold each generation (R o), a rate significantly higher than that exhibited under 5:1 or 1:1 square:female regimens. These data show that daily provision of 10 squares per female provides sufficient resources to elicit a maximal oviposition response in the laboratory. Our results also will be useful in predicting changes in boll weevil populations relative to crop phenology and starting population density. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Greenberg, S M AU - Sappington, T W AU - Spurgeon, D W AU - Setamou, M Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 698 EP - 704 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 32 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Coleoptera KW - Weevils KW - Entomology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Y 25493:Insects KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05199:Feeding KW - Y 25423:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18869823?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Boll+Weevil+%28Coleoptera%3A+Curculionidae%29+Feeding+and+Reproduction+as+Functions+of+Cotton+Square+Availability&rft.au=Greenberg%2C+S+M%3BSappington%2C+T+W%3BSpurgeon%2C+D+W%3BSetamou%2C+M&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=698&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282003%29032%280698%3ABWCCFA%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0046-225X&volume=32&page=698 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2003)032(0698:BWCCFA)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Temperature and Season on Foraging Activity of Red Imported Fire Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Oklahoma AN - 18869483; 5712903 AB - Temperature and seasonal effects on foraging activity of Solenopsis invicta Buren (red imported fire ant) in Oklahoma were investigated by periodically quantifying the number of ants captured in baited vials for 2 yr. All temperature parameters (soil surface, 2 cm, 15 cm, mound surface, mound 5 cm deep, and mound 10 cm deep) except ambient at 1 m above soil surface were significant predictors of foraging activity; soil temperature at 15 cm was the best individual predictor, explaining 34% of variability in foraging activity. A combined quadratic model including mound surface temperature and season (weeks) explained 63% of the variability in foraging activity. Comparison with a similar study conducted in Florida revealed differences in the percentage of the year favorable for maximal foraging ( approximately 25% in Oklahoma versus 42-59% in Florida). These data suggest that recommendations for timing of insecticidal bait applications against S. invicta that are appropriate in more southern portions of the fire ant range may not be appropriate for Oklahoma. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Vogt, J T AU - Smith, WA AU - Grantham, R A AU - Wright, R E AD - USDA-ARS Biological Control of Pests Research Unit, P. O. Box 67, Stoneville, MS 38776 Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 447 EP - 451 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 32 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ants KW - Hymenoptera KW - Entomology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Y 25493:Insects KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18869483?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Temperature+and+Season+on+Foraging+Activity+of+Red+Imported+Fire+Ants+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Formicidae%29+in+Oklahoma&rft.au=Vogt%2C+J+T%3BSmith%2C+WA%3BGrantham%2C+R+A%3BWright%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Vogt&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=447&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282003%29032%280447%3AEOTASO%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0046-225X&volume=32&page=447 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2003)032(0447:EOTASO)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial distribution of overstory retention influences resources and growth of longleaf pine seedlings AN - 18867846; 5718859 AB - Increasingly, overstory retention is being used in forests traditionally managed for single-cohort structure. One rationale for retention is that residual stand structure better resembles the complex structure of forests after natural disturbance, helping to perpetuate ecosystem functions dependent on that structure. The benefits of retention come at the cost of reduced survival and growth of regeneration because of competition with residual trees. We argue that inhibition of regeneration depends not only on the number and size of residual trees, but also on their spatial arrangement, which ranges from dispersed to aggregated. We use a model of competition at the scale of seedlings to hypothesize that maximum stand-level resource availability, seedling growth, and seedling survival occur with aggregate retention, rather than dispersed retention, even with constant residual basal area. We test our hypotheses with a silvicultural experiment in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) in Georgia, USA. Replicated treatments included an uncut control, dispersed retention, small-aggregate retention, and large-aggregate retention. We measured light, soil nitrogen, soil moisture, and growth of longleaf pine seedlings across the full range of overstory conditions in each treatment. Postharvest basal areas in the cut treatments were similar. Gap light index increased from the control to large-aggregate retention, as did nitrogen availability, measured on exchange resins. Nitrogen mineralization did not differ among treatments, nor did soil moisture or temperature. Seedling biomass increment increased significantly from the control to large-aggregate retention. Survival did not differ among treatments. We argue that these results are a consequence of exponential relationships between overstory competition intensity, resource availability, and seedling growth. Given this relationship, resources and seedling growth are low across a wide range of decreasing overstory competitor abundance but increase exponentially only at very low competitor abundance. This seedling-scale model translates into maximum stand scale resource availability and seedling growth with large-aggregate retention, compared to dispersed retention, because the probability of a seedling occupying a site free of overstory competition is greater with the former. Our research shows that one can improve competitive environments for regeneration by manipulating spatial distribution of residual trees without sacrificing the ecological benefits of overstory retention. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Palik, B AU - Mitchell, R J AU - Pecot, S AU - Battaglia, M AU - Pu, M AD - USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 1831 Highway 169 E, Grand Rapids, MN 55744, USA Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 674 EP - 686 VL - 13 IS - 3 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - Longleaf pine KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18867846?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=Spatial+distribution+of+overstory+retention+influences+resources+and+growth+of+longleaf+pine+seedlings&rft.au=Palik%2C+B%3BMitchell%2C+R+J%3BPecot%2C+S%3BBattaglia%2C+M%3BPu%2C+M&rft.aulast=Palik&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=674&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antipredator Defenses of Larval Pacific Giant Salamanders (Dicamptodon Tenebrosus) against Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus Clarki) AN - 18852138; 5660558 AB - We tested larval Pacific giant salamanders (Dicamptodon tenebrosus) for chemical and behavioral defenses against cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki). Young-of-year Dicamptodon were fully palatable to trout during single and repeated offerings. However, larvae increased refuge use in response to chemical cues from trout, although they did not select different microhabitats (shallow or deep) between trout treatments and controls. Our results suggest that, although Dicamptodon larvae are potentially vulnerable to predation by cutthroat trout, increased refuge use by larvae in response to trout chemical cues may reduce the probability of encounters and contribute to the coexistence of these species. JF - Copeia AU - Rundio, DE AU - Olson, D H AD - USDA Forest Service, PNW Research Station, and Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, 3200 Southwest Jefferson Way, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, drundio@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 402 EP - 407 PB - The American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists VL - 2003 IS - 2 SN - 0045-8511, 0045-8511 KW - Cutthroat trout KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Larvae KW - Protective behaviour KW - Dicamptodon tenebrosus KW - Freshwater KW - Defence mechanisms KW - Habitat selection KW - Refugia KW - Predator-prey interactions KW - Chemical stimuli KW - Anti-predator behavior KW - Predator prey interactions KW - Oncorhynchus clarki KW - Defense mechanisms KW - Q1 08483:Species interactions: general KW - Y 25504:Vertebrates (excluding fish, birds & mammals) KW - Q1 08321:General KW - Q1 08423:Behaviour KW - D 04669:Amphibians UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18852138?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Copeia&rft.atitle=Antipredator+Defenses+of+Larval+Pacific+Giant+Salamanders+%28Dicamptodon+Tenebrosus%29+against+Cutthroat+Trout+%28Oncorhynchus+Clarki%29&rft.au=Rundio%2C+DE%3BOlson%2C+D+H&rft.aulast=Rundio&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=2003&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=402&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Copeia&rft.issn=00458511&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0045-8511%282003%29003%280402%3AADOLPG%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chemical stimuli; Predator prey interactions; Protective behaviour; Larvae; Habitat selection; Defence mechanisms; Predator-prey interactions; Refugia; Anti-predator behavior; Defense mechanisms; Oncorhynchus clarki; Dicamptodon tenebrosus; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0045-8511(2003)003(0402:ADOLPG)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Positive Association Between Densities of the Red Imported Fire Ant, Solenopsis Invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), and Generalized Ant and Arthropod Diversity AN - 18825878; 5712916 AB - The invasive ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, is a threat to native arthropod biodiversity. We compared areas with naturally varying densities of mostly monogyne S. invicta and examined the association of S. invicta density with three diversity variables: (1) the species richness of ants, (2) the species richness of non-ant arthropods, and (3) the abundance of non-S. invicta ants. Pitfall traps were used to quantify S. invicta density and the three diversity variables; measurement of mound areas provided a complementary measure of S. invicta density. We sampled 45 sites of similar habitat in north central Florida in both the spring and autumn of 2000. We used partial correlations to elucidate the association between S. invicta density and the three diversity variables, extracting the effects of temperature and humidity on foraging activity. Surprisingly, we found moderate positive correlations between S. invicta density and species richness of both ants and non-ant arthropods. Weaker, but usually positive, correlations were found between S. invicta density and the abundance of non-S. invicta ants. A total of 37 ant species, representing 16 genera, were found to coexist with S. invicta over the 45 sites. These results suggest that S. invicta densities as well as the diversities of other ants and arthropods are regulated by common factors (e.g., productivity). Many invaded communities may be more resistant to S. invicta than generally believed, or possess an unexpected resilience for recovery if S. invicta can be permanently suppressed. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Morrison, L W AU - Porter, S D AD - Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 548 EP - 554 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 32 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ants KW - Hymenoptera KW - Red imported fire ant KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18825878?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Positive+Association+Between+Densities+of+the+Red+Imported+Fire+Ant%2C+Solenopsis+Invicta+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Formicidae%29%2C+and+Generalized+Ant+and+Arthropod+Diversity&rft.au=Morrison%2C+L+W%3BPorter%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Morrison&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=548&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282003%29032%280548%3APABDOT%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0046-225X&volume=32&page=548 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2003)032(0548:PABDOT)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improved detection of Tilletia indica teliospores in seed or soil by elimination of contaminating microorganisms with acidic electrolyzed water AN - 18825002; 5705812 AB - Acidic electrolyzed water (AEW) is a germicidal product of electrolysis of a dilute solution (e.g., 0.4% vol/vol) of sodium chloride. This solution can be used to disinfest wheat seed or soil samples being tested for teliospores of Tilletia indica, causal agent of Karnal bunt, without risk of damaging the teliospores. The AEW used in this study had a pH of 2.5 to 2.8 and oxidation-reduction potential of approximately 1,130 mV. In simulations of routine extractions of wheat seed to detect teliospores of T. indica, the effectiveness of a 30-min AEW treatment was compared with a 2-min 0.4% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) treatment to eradicate bacteria and nonsmut fungi. Each treatment reduced bacterial and fungal populations in wheat seed extracts by 6 to 7 log sub(10) units when determined on 2% water agar with antibiotics. Reductions of 5 log sub(10) units or more were observed on other media. NaOCl and AEW also were very effective at eliminating bacteria and fungi from soil extracts. In studies to detect and quantitate T. indica teliospores in soil, AEW was nearly 100% effective at eliminating all nonsmut organisms. Free chlorine levels in AEW were very low, suggesting that compounds other than those with chlorine play a significant role in sanitation by AEW. The low pH of AEW was shown to contribute substantially to the effectiveness of AEW to reduce microorganisms. A standardized protocol is described for a 30-min AEW treatment of wheat seed washes or soil extracts to eliminate contaminating microorganisms. A significant advantage of the use of AEW over NaOCl is that, with AEW, teliospore germination is not reduced and usually is stimulated, whereas teliospore germination declines after contact with NaOCl. The protocol facilitates detection and enumeration of viable teliospores of T. indica in wheat seed or soil and the isolation of pure cultures for identification by polymerase chain reaction. The germicidal effects of AEW, as demonstrated in this study, illustrate the potential of AEW as an alternative to presently used seed disinfestants. JF - Plant Disease AU - Bonde, M R AU - Nester, SE AU - Schaad, N W AU - Frederick, R D AU - Luster, D G AD - USDA-ARS, Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA, mbonde@fdwsr.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 712 EP - 718 VL - 87 IS - 6 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Sodium chloride KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01117:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18825002?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Improved+detection+of+Tilletia+indica+teliospores+in+seed+or+soil+by+elimination+of+contaminating+microorganisms+with+acidic+electrolyzed+water&rft.au=Bonde%2C+M+R%3BNester%2C+SE%3BSchaad%2C+N+W%3BFrederick%2C+R+D%3BLuster%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Bonde&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=712&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Cottonwood Leaf Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Larval Defoliation, Clone, and Season on Populus Foliar Phagostimulants AN - 18824143; 5712904 AB - The cottonwood leaf beetle, Chrysomela scripta F., is a serious defoliator of plantation Populus in the United States. Current control methods include biorational and synthetic chemicals as well as selecting Populus clones resistant or tolerant to C. scripta defoliation. Specific ratios of long-chain fatty alcohols to alpha-tocopherylquinone ( alpha -TQ) on the leaf surface of Populus spp. act as phagostimulants to adult C. scripta . The chemical concentrations and ratios vary among Populus clones; however, the effect of defoliation on the subsequent production of these chemicals is unknown. We investigated the effects of defoliation, clone, and season on Populus leaf surface chemical production. Chemical concentrations and ratios were monitored in 1998 and 1999 on eight Populus clones with and without larval C. scripta defoliation. Chemicals were extracted from the leaf surface and analyzed via gas chromatography. Larval C. scripta defoliation rarely caused changes in leaf surface chemistry at the defoliation levels tested; however, the production of these phagostimulants did vary by clone and season. Foliar alcohol and alpha -TQ concentrations and alpha -TQ:total alcohol ratios differed significantly among clones. Furthermore, alpha -TQ concentrations and alpha -TQ:total alcohol ratios varied temporally in some, but not all, clones. In general, foliar alcohol and alpha -TQ concentrations either did not vary or increased, but alpha -TQ:total alcohol ratios declined throughout the growing season. This research illustrates that the production of leaf surface phagostimulants is not a function of defoliation, but is most likely controlled by genetic and physiologic processes. Additionally, because Populus clones vary in their foliar chemistry, this variation could be exploited in tree breeding programs. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Coyle AU - McMillin, J D AU - Hall, R B AU - Hart, E R AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, P.O. Box 700, New Ellenton, SC 29809 Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 452 EP - 462 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 32 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Coleoptera KW - Leaf beetles KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18824143?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Cottonwood+Leaf+Beetle+%28Coleoptera%3A+Chrysomelidae%29+Larval+Defoliation%2C+Clone%2C+and+Season+on+Populus+Foliar+Phagostimulants&rft.au=Coyle%3BMcMillin%2C+J+D%3BHall%2C+R+B%3BHart%2C+E+R&rft.aulast=Coyle&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=452&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282003%29032%280452%3AEOCLBC%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0046-225X&volume=32&page=452 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2003)032(0452:EOCLBC)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The impact of nutrition on spore yields for various fungal entomopathogens in liquid culture AN - 18823877; 5705941 AB - Spore yields were measured for various fungal entomopathogens grown in six nutritionally different liquid media with low and high carbon concentrations (8 and 36 g l super(-1), respectively) at carbon-to-nitrogen (C:N) ratios of 10:1, 30:1 and 50:1. Six fungi were tested: two Beauveria bassiana strains, three Paecilomyces fumosoroseus strains and one Metarhizium anisopliae strain. Spore yields were examined after 2, 4 or 7 days growth. In general, highest spore yields were obtained in media containing 36 g/l and a C:N ratio of 10:1. After 4 days growth, highest spore yields were measured in the three Paecilomyces isolates (6.9-9.7 times 10 super(8) spores ml super(-1)). Spore production by the B. bassiana isolates was variable with one isolate producing high spore yields (12.2 times 10 super(8) spores ml super(-1)) after 7 days growth. The M. anisopliae isolate produced low spore concentrations under all conditions tested. Using a commercial production protocol, a comparison of spore yields for the coffee berry borer P. fumosoroseus and a commercial B. bassiana isolate showed that highest spore concentrations (7.2 times 10 super(8) spores ml super(-1)) were obtained with the P. fumosoroseus isolate 2-days post-inoculation. The ability of the P. fumosoroseus strain isolated from the coffee berry borer to rapidly produce high concentrations of spores prompted further testing to determine the desiccation tolerance of these spores. Desiccation studies showed that ca. 80% of the liquid culture produced P. fumosoroseus spores survived the air-drying process. The virulence of freshly produced, air-dried and freeze-dried coffee berry borer P. fumosoroseus blastospores preparations were tested against silverleaf whiteflies (Bemisia argentifolii). While all preparations infected and killed B. argentifolii, fresh and air-dried preparations were significantly more effective. These results suggest that screening potential fungal biopesticides for amenability to liquid culture spore production can aid in the identification of commercially viable isolates. In this study, P. fumosoroseus was shown to possess the production and stabilization attributes required for commercial development. JF - World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Vega, F E AU - Jackson, MA AU - Mercadier, G AU - Poprawski, T J AD - Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Plant Sciences Institute Bldg. 011A, Rm. 214, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, vegaf@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 363 EP - 368 VL - 19 IS - 4 SN - 0959-3993, 0959-3993 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - A 01117:Fungi KW - W2 32580:Fermentation and process engineering KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - K 03074:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18823877?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Journal+of+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=The+impact+of+nutrition+on+spore+yields+for+various+fungal+entomopathogens+in+liquid+culture&rft.au=Vega%2C+F+E%3BJackson%2C+MA%3BMercadier%2C+G%3BPoprawski%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Vega&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=363&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=World+Journal+of+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=09593993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bark Beetle Attacks on Ponderosa Pine Following Fire in Northern Arizona AN - 18822662; 5712911 AB - There is little quantitative information on relationships between insect attacks and fire damage for ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex Lawson, in the southwestern United States. Tree mortality and insect attacks were measured on 1,367 trees for three years after a spring wildfire (4 May 1996), a summer wildfire (20 June 1996), and a fall prescribed fire (9 September 1995) in northern Arizona. Western pine beetle, Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte, mountain pine beetle, D. ponderosae Hopkins, roundheaded pine beetle, D. adjunctus Blandford, red turpentine beetle, D. valens LeConte, Ips species, and wood borers in the Buprestidae and Cerambycidae families were found in fire-damaged trees. The most frequently occurring insects, listed from most to least frequent, were wood borers, red turpentine beetle, Ips spp., western pine beetle, roundheaded pine beetle, and mountain pine beetle. Trees attacked by Dendroctonus and Ips spp. as a group had more crown damage from fire than unattacked trees. The percentage of trees attacked by Dendroctonus and Ips species was lowest during the fall fire (11%, 25 of 222 trees), intermediate during the summer fire (19%, 154 of 833 trees), and highest during the spring fire (41%, 127 of 312 trees). More than one-half of all wood borer colonization (58%) and attacks by western pine beetle (68%), roundheaded pine beetle (56%), and Ips spp. (66%) occurred in the first year after the fire. Measures of tree damage from fire and insect attacks were used to develop logistic regression models of tree mortality to quantitatively investigate factors that influenced tree mortality. Tree mortality 3 yr postfire was low until crown damage by fire exceeded 70-80% for unattacked trees, 40-50% for trees with partial attacks by Dendroctonus and Ips species, and 30-40% for trees with mass attacks. We concluded that several Dendroctonus and Ips species colonize fire-damaged ponderosa pines in northern Arizona and colonization is promoted by heavy crown damage from fire. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - McHugh, C W AU - Kolb, TE AU - Wilson, J L AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT 59807, cmchugh@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 510 EP - 522 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 32 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Coleoptera KW - Long-horned beetles KW - Metallic wood-boring beetles KW - Ponderosa Pine KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18822662?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Bark+Beetle+Attacks+on+Ponderosa+Pine+Following+Fire+in+Northern+Arizona&rft.au=McHugh%2C+C+W%3BKolb%2C+TE%3BWilson%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=McHugh&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=510&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282003%29032%280510%3ABBAOPP%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0046-225X&volume=32&page=510 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2003)032(0510:BBAOPP)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A field test of point relascope sampling of down coarse woody material in managed stands in the Acadian Forest AN - 18814379; 5706640 AB - We field tested a new method for sampling down coarse woody material (CWM) using an angle gauge and compared it with the more traditional line intersect sampling (LIS) method. Permanent sample locations in stands managed with different silvicultural treatments within the Penobscot Experimental Forest (Maine, USA) were used as the sampling locations. Point relascope sampling (PRS) with three different angles spanning the practical range of angles for such stands was used along with 40 m of LIS sample per sample point. Compared to LIS, the three angles resulted in similar number of pieces and volume of CWM from stands with different histories of repeated partial harvests. In terms of sampling efficiency, PRS was up to 4 times more efficient than LIS. These results, while limited to only one forest type and a relatively small sample, are the first published results available on the field performance of PRS. JF - Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society AU - Brissette, J C AU - Ducey, MJ AU - Gove, J H AD - Northeastern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Durham, NH 03824, USA Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 79 EP - 88 VL - 130 IS - 2 SN - 1095-5674, 1095-5674 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - D 04120:Woodlands UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18814379?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Torrey+Botanical+Society&rft.atitle=A+field+test+of+point+relascope+sampling+of+down+coarse+woody+material+in+managed+stands+in+the+Acadian+Forest&rft.au=Brissette%2C+J+C%3BDucey%2C+MJ%3BGove%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Brissette&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=130&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Torrey+Botanical+Society&rft.issn=10955674&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Citrate Synthase Mutants of Sinorhizobium fredii USDA257 Form Ineffective Nodules with Aberrant Ultrastructure AN - 18803797; 5680185 AB - The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle plays an important role in generating the energy required by bacteroids to fix atmospheric nitrogen. Citrate synthase is the first enzyme that controls the entry of carbon into the TCA cycle. We cloned and determined the nucleotide sequence of the gltA gene that encodes citrate synthase in Sinorhizobium fredii USDA257, a symbiont of soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) and several other legumes. The deduced citrate synthase protein has a molecular weight of 48,198 and exhibits sequence similarity to citrate synthases from several bacterial species, including Sinorhizobium meliloti and Rhizobium tropici. Southern blot analysis revealed that the fast-growing S. fredii strains and Rhizobium sp. strain NGR234 contained a single copy of the gene located in the bacterial chromosome. S. fredii USDA257 gltA mutant HBK-CS1, which had no detectable citrate synthase activity, had diminished nodulation capacity and produced ineffective nodules on soybean. Light and electron microscopy observations revealed that the nodules initiated by HBK-CS1 contained very few bacteroids. The infected cells contained large vacuoles and prominent starch grains. Within the vacuoles, membrane structures that appeared to be reminiscent of disintegrating bacteroids were detected. The citrate synthase mutant had altered cell surface characteristics and produced three times more exopolysaccarides than the wild type produced. A plasmid carrying the USDA257 gltA gene, when introduced into HBK-CS1, was able to restore all of the defects mentioned above. Our results demonstrate that a functional citrate synthase gene of S. fredii USDA257 is essential for efficient soybean nodulation and nitrogen fixation. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Krishnan, H B AU - Kim, W AU - Sun-Hyung, J AU - Kim, KY AU - Jiang, G AD - Plant Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 108W Curtis Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, KrishnanH@missouri.edu Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 3561 EP - 3568 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 69 IS - 6 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - cell surface KW - gltA gene KW - soybean KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01051:Nitrogen cycle KW - J 02890:Microbial symbiosis, antibiosis and predation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18803797?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Citrate+Synthase+Mutants+of+Sinorhizobium+fredii+USDA257+Form+Ineffective+Nodules+with+Aberrant+Ultrastructure&rft.au=Krishnan%2C+H+B%3BKim%2C+W%3BSun-Hyung%2C+J%3BKim%2C+KY%3BJiang%2C+G&rft.aulast=Krishnan&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=3561&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.69.6.3561-3568.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.6.3561-3568.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Plant species persistence and turnover on small Bahamian islands AN - 18801725; 5677652 AB - I conducted surveys of the plant species occupying 136 small islands in the Exuma Cays and 58 small islands near Andros, Bahamas. Most species occurred on relatively few islands, and most islands contained relatively few species. Identities of the most common species differed between the two archipelagos. Comparisons with earlier surveys revealed species extinctions and immigrations. Turnover was relatively low on both a per island and a per species basis on both archipelagos, although significant spatial variation in turnover rates between archipelagos was found. Most islands experienced no turnover; islands on which turnover did occur were larger and had higher species richness. Likewise, most species did not turnover, although much variation existed in turnover rates among those that did. Experimental introductions of two species to very small islands naturally devoid of vegetation revealed that these islands could support plant life. One species survived on eight of ten islands for >9 years, including the effects of a moderate (class 2) hurricane. This hurricane caused substantial damage and loss of plant biomass, but resulted in no species extinctions on 30 small islands. Data for the small islands in this region, now spanning almost a decade, reveal that most populations are persistent over periods of years to decades, rarely going extinct or immigrating. Even moderate hurricanes seem to have little impact on species compositions. JF - Oecologia AU - Morrison, L W AD - Section of Evolution and Ecology, Division of Biological Sciences and Center for Population Biology, University of California, CA 95616, Davis, USA, lmorrison@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 51 EP - 62 PB - Springer-Verlag, [URL:http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00442/bibs/3136 001/31360051.htm] VL - 136 IS - 1 SN - 0029-8549, 0029-8549 KW - island biogeography KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04625:Plants - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18801725?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oecologia&rft.atitle=Plant+species+persistence+and+turnover+on+small+Bahamian+islands&rft.au=Morrison%2C+L+W&rft.aulast=Morrison&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=136&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oecologia&rft.issn=00298549&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00442-003-1252-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-003-1252-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of genotypic diversity data for populations of microorganisms AN - 18797563; 5675055 AB - Estimation of genotypic diversity is an important component of the analysis of the genetic structure of plant pathogen and microbial populations. Estimates of genotypic diversity are a function of both the number of genotypes observed in a sample (genotype richness) and the evenness of distribution of genotypes within the sample. Currently used measures of genotypic diversity have inherent problems that could lead to incorrect conclusions, particularly when diversity is low or sample sizes differ. The number of genotypes observed in a sample depends on the technique used to assay for genetic variation; each technique will affect the maximum number of genotypes that can be detected. We developed an approach to analysis of genotypic diversity in plant pathology that makes specific reference to the techniques used for identifying genotypes. Preferably, populations that are being compared should be very similar in sample size. In this case, the number of genotypes observed can be used directly for comparing richness. In most cases, sample sizes differ and use of the rarefaction method to calculate richness is more appropriate. In all cases, scaling either Stoddart and Taylor's G or Shannon and Wiener's H' by sample size should be avoided. Under those circumstances where it might be important to distinguish whether richness or evenness contribute more to diversity, a bootstrapping approach, where confidence intervals are calculated for indices of diversity and evenness, is recommended. JF - Phytopathology AU - Grunwald, N J AU - Goodwin, S B AU - Milgroom, M G AU - Fry, W E AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), 24106 N. Bunn Rd., Prosser, WA 99350, USA, ngrunwald@pars.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 738 EP - 746 VL - 93 IS - 6 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18797563?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+genotypic+diversity+data+for+populations+of+microorganisms&rft.au=Grunwald%2C+N+J%3BGoodwin%2C+S+B%3BMilgroom%2C+M+G%3BFry%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Grunwald&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=738&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Origin and distribution of Cr2, a gene for resistance to white pine blister rust in natural populations of western white pine AN - 18797527; 5675051 AB - The distribution and frequency of the Cr2 gene for resistance to white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) in western white pine (Pinus monticola) was surveyed in natural populations of the host by inoculation of open-pollinated seedlings from 687 individual seed parents from throughout most of the species' range. Because Cr2 is dominant and results in a conspicuous hypersensitive reaction (HR) in pine needles, the phenotype can readily be detected in offspring of susceptible seed parents fertilized by unknown Cr2 donors in the ambient pollen cloud. Gametic frequencies of Cr2 were thus determined as the proportion of total challenged seedlings that were pollen receptors exhibiting the Cr2 phenotype. Zygotic frequencies, the proportion of seed parents with progeny that segregated in Mendelian ratios for the Cr2 phenotype to the total number of parents, were a complementary, though less precise, measure. Cr2 frequency was rare overall, ranging from 0.004 to 0.008 in the Sierra Nevada to about 0.001 in the central Cascade Range; it was undetectable further north in the Cascades, as well as in the Rocky Mountains and Coast Mountains of the United States and Canada. The diminishing frequency of Cr2 from the southern and central Sierra Nevada northward mirrors that of Cr1 in sugar pine (P. lambertiana) and points to this region as the origin of both genes. We rationalize that this coincidence may have resulted from protection that these genes may have conferred on both species to an endemic pine stem rust congeneric with C. ribicola (C. occidentale) in recent geologic epochs. JF - Phytopathology AU - Kinloch, BB Jr AU - Sniezko, R A AU - Dupper, GE AD - Institute of Forest Genetics, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Berkeley, CA 94701 and Placerville, CA 95667, USA, bkinloch@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 691 EP - 694 VL - 93 IS - 6 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Cr2 gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18797527?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Origin+and+distribution+of+Cr2%2C+a+gene+for+resistance+to+white+pine+blister+rust+in+natural+populations+of+western+white+pine&rft.au=Kinloch%2C+BB+Jr%3BSniezko%2C+R+A%3BDupper%2C+GE&rft.aulast=Kinloch&rft.aufirst=BB&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=691&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transcriptional regulation of the ospAB and ospC promoters from Borrelia burgdorferi AN - 18768399; 5641287 AB - OspA, OspB and OspC are the major outer surface proteins of Borrelia burgdorferi that are differentially synthesized in response to environmental conditions, including culture temperature. We found that DNA was more negatively supercoiled in B. burgdorferi cultures grown at 23 degree C compared with cultures grown at 35-37 degree C. We examined the regulation of ospAB and ospC transcription by temperature and DNA supercoiling. DNA supercoiling was relaxed by adding coumermycin A sub(1), an antibiotic that inhibits DNA gyrase. Syntheses of the major outer surface proteins, expression of the ospA and ospC genes and the activities of the ospAB operon and ospC gene promoters were assayed. ospA product levels decreased, whereas ospC product levels increased after shifting from 23 degree C to 35 degree C or after adding coumermycin A sub(1). In addition, OspC synthesis was higher in a gyrB mutant than in wild-type B. burgdorferi. Promoter activity was quantified using cat reporter fusions. Increasing temperature or relaxing supercoiled DNA resulted in a decrease in ospAB promoter activity in B. burgdorferi, but not in Escherichia coli, as well as an increase in ospC promoter activity in both bacteria. ospC promoter activity was increased in an E. coli gyrB mutant with an attenuated DNA supercoiling phenotype. These results suggest that B. burgdorferi senses environmental changes in temperature by altering the level of DNA supercoiling, which then affects the expression of the ospAB operon and the ospC gene. This implies that DNA supercoiling acts as a signal transducer for environmental regulation of outer surface protein synthesis. JF - Molecular Microbiology AU - Alverson, J AU - Bundle, S F AU - Sohaskey, C D AU - Lybecker, M C AU - Samuels, D S AD - Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Montana, 32 Campus Dr. # 4824, Missoula, MT 59812-4824, USA. USDA, ARS, Animal Disease Research Unit, 3003 ADBF, Washington State University, PO Box 646630, Pullman, WA 99164-6630, USA., samuels@mso.umt.edu Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 1665 EP - 1677 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 48 IS - 6 SN - 0950-382X, 0950-382X KW - OspA protein KW - OspB protein KW - OspC protein KW - coumermycin A KW - coumermycin A1 KW - gyrB gene KW - ospA gene KW - ospB gene KW - ospC gene KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18768399?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Transcriptional+regulation+of+the+ospAB+and+ospC+promoters+from+Borrelia+burgdorferi&rft.au=Alverson%2C+J%3BBundle%2C+S+F%3BSohaskey%2C+C+D%3BLybecker%2C+M+C%3BSamuels%2C+D+S&rft.aulast=Alverson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1665&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Microbiology&rft.issn=0950382X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2958.2003.03537.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03537.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of rapid methods for the extraction of bacterial DNA from colonic and caecal lumen contents of the pig AN - 18766029; 5641444 AB - The increasing uses of DNA methodologies to study the micro flora of the pig gastrointestinal tract requires an efficient recovery of bacterial DNA from the intestinal sample. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine which DNA extraction methods are most effective for luminal samples from pigs. Several routinely used nucleic acid extraction procedures were compared based upon quantity and purity of extracted DNA. DNA was extracted from pig colonic and caecal lumen samples using 19 methods for bacterial DNA extraction. The quantity of total DNA recovered by each extraction method was determined and compared. Two methods using extraction with polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) or phenol and two methods involving bead mill homogenization were found to provide the greatest quantity of extracted DNA for both colonic and caecal lumen. Extracted DNA from these four methods was further analysed for purity based upon the presence of PCR inhibitors, which was ascertained by determining the efficiency of amplification of a segment of the 16S rDNA. PCR amplification could be readily achieved with DNA extracted by each of these four methods, but efficiency of amplification tended to be higher with DNA from two of the methods (one extracted with PVPP and one with bead mill homogenization). Four extraction methods proved to be significantly superior in quantity of DNA extracted from luminal samples. Of these four, no strong inhibitors of PCR amplification were detected in any of the extracted DNA. However, the efficiency of amplification tended to be lower in DNA samples from two of the methods, suggesting the presence of low levels of PCR inhibitors. Results of this study provide a basis for choosing which DNA extraction procedures are most effective for use with samples of pig lumen. JF - Journal of Applied Microbiology AU - Anderson, K AU - Lebepe-Mazur, S AD - USDA/ARS, National Swine Research and Information Center, Ames, IA, USA, anderson@nsric.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 988 EP - 993 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 94 IS - 6 SN - 1364-5072, 1364-5072 KW - polyvinylpolypyrrolidone KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18766029?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+rapid+methods+for+the+extraction+of+bacterial+DNA+from+colonic+and+caecal+lumen+contents+of+the+pig&rft.au=Anderson%2C+K%3BLebepe-Mazur%2C+S&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=988&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=13645072&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2672.2003.01917.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.01917.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Photochemical smog effects in mixed conifer forests along a natural gradient of ozone and nitrogen deposition in the San Bernardino Mountains AN - 18709437; 5592622 AB - Toxic effects of photochemical smog on ponderosa and Jeffrey pines in the San Bernardino Mountains were discovered in the 1950s. It was revealed that ozone is the main cause of foliar injury manifested as chlorotic mottle and premature needle senescence. Various morphological, physiological and biochemical alterations in the affected plants have been reported over a period of about 40 years of multidisciplinary research. Recently, the focus of research has shifted from studying the effects of ozone to multiple pollutant effects. Recent studies have indicated that the combination of ozone and nitrogen may alter biomass allocation in pines towards that of deciduous trees, accelerate litter accumulation, and increase carbon sequestration rates in heavily polluted forests. Further study of the effects of multiple pollutants, and their long- term consequences on the mixed conifer ecosystem, cannot be adequately done using the original San Bernardino Mountains Air Pollution Gradient network. To correct deficiencies in the design, the new site network is being configured for long-term studies on multiple air pollutant concentrations and deposition, physiological and biochemical changes in trees, growth and composition of over- story species, biogeochemical cycling including carbon cycling and sequestration, water quality, and biodiversity of forest ecosystems. Eleven sites have been re-established. A comparison of 1974 stand composition with data from 2000 stand composition indicate that significant changes in species composition have occurred at some sites with less change at other sites. Moist, high-pollution sites have experienced the greatest amount of forest change, while dryer low-pollution sites have experienced the least amount of stand change. In general, ponderosa pine had the lowest basal area increases and the highest mortality across the San Bernardino Mountains. JF - Environment International AU - Arbaugh, M AU - Bytnerowicz, A AU - Grulke, N AU - Fenn, M AU - Poth, M AU - Temple, P AU - Miller, P AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Riverside Forest Fire Laboratory, 4955 Canyon Crest Drive, Riverside, CA 92507-6099, USA, marbaugh@deltanet.com Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 401 EP - 406 VL - 29 IS - 2-3 SN - 0160-4120, 0160-4120 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - M2 551.510.43:Photochemical Processes (551.510.43) KW - M2 551.510.42:Air Pollution (551.510.42) KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - M2 551.586:Biometeorology and Bioclimatology (551.586) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18709437?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environment+International&rft.atitle=Photochemical+smog+effects+in+mixed+conifer+forests+along+a+natural+gradient+of+ozone+and+nitrogen+deposition+in+the+San+Bernardino+Mountains&rft.au=Arbaugh%2C+M%3BBytnerowicz%2C+A%3BGrulke%2C+N%3BFenn%2C+M%3BPoth%2C+M%3BTemple%2C+P%3BMiller%2C+P&rft.aulast=Arbaugh&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=401&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environment+International&rft.issn=01604120&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0160-4120%2802%2900176-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0160-4120(02)00176-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phytoplankton biomass and community dynamics in the Lake Pont-Chartrain Estuary of southeast Louisiana, USA: Effects of light and nutrients upon seasonal and spatial patterns AN - 17923293; 5875899 AB - A yearlong study (2002-2003) was conducted in the Lake Pontchartrain Estuary (LPE) of Southeast Louisiana in order to examine the temporal and spatial variability of phytoplankton biomass and community dynamics in relation to nutrients, light climate and other abiotic parameters. Variability was assessed through a north-south transect across the estuary and at five of the major tributaries of the LPE at bi-weekly intervals. Phytoplankton pigmentation was analyzed by HPLC and used to calculate biomass (as chlorophyll a) and to determine the relative abundances of phylogenetic groups and taxa (via CHEMTAX). Microscopic analyses of select samples were used to verify the efficacy of the CHEMTAX method in the waters of the LPE. Water-column up/down-welling irradiance (PAR) and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) measurements were used to characterize the light climate. Results indicate that LPE phytoplankton biomass and community composition are: 1) highly variable at the spatial and temporal scales of this study, 2) can significantly impact the light field of the LPE, and 3) are influenced by macro-nutrient ratios. JF - Journal of Phycology AU - Evens, T J AU - Wee, J L AU - Kirkpatrick, G J AU - Millie, D F AU - Boihem, L L AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 14 EP - 15 VL - 39 IS - S1 SN - 0022-3646, 0022-3646 KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - High-performance liquid chromatography KW - Measurement KW - Irradiance KW - Phytoplankton KW - Nutrients KW - Environmental factors KW - Water column KW - Spatial variations KW - USA, Louisiana KW - Seasonal variations KW - Algae KW - Abiotic factors KW - Pigmentation KW - Water colour KW - dissolved organic matter KW - Estuaries KW - Brackish KW - Biomass KW - Dynamics KW - Light effects KW - Community composition KW - ASW, USA, Louisiana, Pontchartrain L. KW - Dissolved organic matter KW - Nutrients (mineral) KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - K 03009:Algae KW - Q1 08461:Plankton KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17923293?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Phycology&rft.atitle=Phytoplankton+biomass+and+community+dynamics+in+the+Lake+Pont-Chartrain+Estuary+of+southeast+Louisiana%2C+USA%3A+Effects+of+light+and+nutrients+upon+seasonal+and+spatial+patterns&rft.au=Evens%2C+T+J%3BWee%2C+J+L%3BKirkpatrick%2C+G+J%3BMillie%2C+D+F%3BBoihem%2C+L+L&rft.aulast=Evens&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=S1&rft.spage=14&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Phycology&rft.issn=00223646&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.0022-3646.2003.03906001_40.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water colour; Irradiance; Estuaries; Phytoplankton; Biomass; Environmental factors; Light effects; Spatial variations; Community composition; Dissolved organic matter; Nutrients (mineral); Seasonal variations; Abiotic factors; High-performance liquid chromatography; Pigmentation; Measurement; dissolved organic matter; Nutrients; Water column; Dynamics; Algae; ASW, USA, Louisiana, Pontchartrain L.; USA, Louisiana; Brackish DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3646.2003.03906001_40.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Body composition assessment in extreme obesity and after massive weight loss induced by gastric bypass surgery AN - 17903391; 5868363 AB - Body composition methods were examined in 20 women [body mass index (BMI) 48.7 plus or minus 8.8 kg/m super(2)] before and after weight loss [-44.8 plus or minus 14.6 (SD) kg] after gastric bypass (GBP) surgery. The reference method, a three-compartment (3C) model using body density by air displacement plethysmography and total body water (TBW) by H sub(2) super(18)O dilution (3C-H sub(2) super(18)O), showed a decrease in percent body fat (%BF) from 51.4 to 34.6%. Fat-free mass hydration was significantly higher than the reference value (0.738) in extreme obesity (0.756; P < 0.001) but not after weight reduction (0.747; P = 0.16). %BF by H sub(2) super(18)O dilution and air displacement plethysmography differed significantly from %BF by 3C-H sub(2) super(18)O in extreme obesity (P < 0.05) and 3C models using super(2)H sub(2)O or bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) to determine TBW improved mean %BF estimates over most other methods at both time points. BIA results varied with the equation used, but BIA better predicted %BF than did BMI at both time points. All methods except BIA using the Segal equation were comparable to the reference method for determining changes over time. A simple 3C model utilizing air displacement plethysmography and BIA is useful for clinical evaluation in this population. JF - American Journal of Physiology: Endocrinology and Metabolism AU - Das, S K AU - Roberts, S B AU - Kehayias, J J AU - Wang, J AU - Hsu, LKG AU - Shikora, SA AU - Saltzman, E AU - McCrory, MA AD - Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - E1080 EP - E1088 VL - 284 IS - 6 SN - 0193-1849, 0193-1849 KW - Physical Education Index KW - Obesity KW - Weight control KW - Surgery KW - Body composition KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17903391?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Physiology%3A+Endocrinology+and+Metabolism&rft.atitle=Body+composition+assessment+in+extreme+obesity+and+after+massive+weight+loss+induced+by+gastric+bypass+surgery&rft.au=Das%2C+S+K%3BRoberts%2C+S+B%3BKehayias%2C+J+J%3BWang%2C+J%3BHsu%2C+LKG%3BShikora%2C+SA%3BSaltzman%2C+E%3BMcCrory%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Das&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=284&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=E1080&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Physiology%3A+Endocrinology+and+Metabolism&rft.issn=01931849&rft_id=info:doi/10.1152%2Fajpendo.00185.2002 LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Obesity; Surgery; Body composition; Weight control DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00185.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhanced Resistance to Helicoverpa zea in Tobacco Expressing an Activated Form of Maize Ribosome-Inactivating Protein AN - 17770016; 6036344 AB - Progeny of two transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) lines that expressed an activated form of maize (Zea mays L.) ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) had varying resistance to the insect species tested. A subset of R sub(2) plants from the two lines appeared to be more resistant to larvae of the cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne (F.), and the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta (L.) than the wild type plants. Progeny (R sub(3)) of the more resistant R sub(2) plants were tested more extensively for insect resistance. Resistance to the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), was most consistent, with significantly decreased feeding often accompanied by increased mortality and reduced weights of survivors fed on leaf disks of the two transgenic lines compared to the wild type. The amount of damage by H. zea was significantly inversely correlated with levels of RIP. Resistance of RIP-producing plants to H. zea was greater than expected on the basis of prior in vitro results using diet-incorporated maize RIP. The R sub(3) transgenic plant leaf disks were also often more resistant to feeding by larvae of L. serricorne compared to wild type plants. Although reduced feeding by M. sexta was noted when they were fed leaf disks from transgenic compared to wild type plants the first day of exposure, differences were not significant. This information provides further support for maize RIP having a role in resistance to maize-feeding insects. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Dowd, P F AU - Zuo, W-N AU - Gillikin, J W AU - Johnson, E T AU - Boston, R S AD - Crop Bio-Protection Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 3568 EP - 3574 VL - 51 IS - 12 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Feeding KW - ribosome-inactivating protein KW - Manduca sexta KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - Nicotiana tabacum KW - Transgenic plants KW - Zea mays KW - Tobacco KW - Lasioderma serricorne KW - Progeny KW - Pest resistance KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 310:Agricultural Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17770016?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Enhanced+Resistance+to+Helicoverpa+zea+in+Tobacco+Expressing+an+Activated+Form+of+Maize+Ribosome-Inactivating+Protein&rft.au=Dowd%2C+P+F%3BZuo%2C+W-N%3BGillikin%2C+J+W%3BJohnson%2C+E+T%3BBoston%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Dowd&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=3568&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fjf0211433 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; Helicoverpa zea; Nicotiana tabacum; Manduca sexta; Lasioderma serricorne; Pest resistance; Tobacco; Feeding; Transgenic plants; ribosome-inactivating protein; Progeny; Mortality DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf0211433 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Uptake and Release of Phosphorus from Overland Flow in a Stream Environment AN - 16168279; 5797462 AB - Phosphorus runoff from agricultural fields has been linked to freshwater eutrophication. However, edge-of-field P losses can be modified by benthic sediments during stream flow by physiochemical processes associated with Al, Fe, and Ca, and by biological assimilation. We investigated fluvial P when exposed to stream-bed sediments (top 3 cm) collected from seven sites representing forested and agricultural areas (pasture and cultivated), in a mixed-land-use watershed. Sediment was placed in a 10-m-long, 0.2-m-wide fluvarium to a 3-cm depth and water was recirculated over the sediment at 2 L s super(-1) and 5% slope. When overland flow (4 mg dissolved reactive phosphorus [DRP] and 9 mg total phosphorus [TP] L super(-1)) from manured soils was first recirculated, P uptake was associated with Al and Fe hydrous oxides for sediments from forested areas (pH 5.2-5.4) and by Ca for sediments from agricultural areas (pH 6.5-7.2). A large increase (up to 200%) in readily available P NH sub(4)Cl fraction was noted. After 24 h, DRP concentration in channel flow was related to sediment solution P concentration at which no net sorption or desorption of P occurs (EPC sub(0)) (r super(2) = 0.77), indicating quasi-equilibrium. When fresh water (approximately 0.005 mg P L super(-1); mean base flow DRP at seven sites) was recirculated over the sediments for 24 h, P release kinetics followed an exponential function. Microbial biomass P accounted for 34 to 43% of sediment P uptake from manure-rich overland flow. Although abiotic sediment processes played a dominant role in determining P uptake, biotic process are clearly important and both should be considered along with the location and management of landscape inputs for remedial strategies to be effective. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - McDowell, R W AU - Sharpley, AN AD - USDA-ARS, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, Curtin Road, University Park, PA 16802-3702, USA, richard.mcdowell@agresearch.co.nz Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 937 EP - 948 VL - 32 IS - 3 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agricultural Runoff KW - Base Flow KW - Phosphorus KW - Freshwater KW - Chemical kinetics KW - Watersheds KW - Fresh water KW - Channel Flow KW - Agricultural runoff KW - Sorption KW - Sediment chemistry KW - Nonpoint pollution KW - Stream flow KW - Channel flow KW - Water Pollution Sources KW - Eutrophication KW - Agricultural pollution KW - Pollution dispersion KW - Pollution effects KW - Streams KW - Water Depth KW - Overland Flow KW - Sediment pollution KW - Desorption KW - Nonpoint Pollution Sources KW - Hydrogen Ion Concentration KW - Stream Discharge KW - River beds KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16168279?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Uptake+and+Release+of+Phosphorus+from+Overland+Flow+in+a+Stream+Environment&rft.au=McDowell%2C+R+W%3BSharpley%2C+AN&rft.aulast=McDowell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=937&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sediment pollution; Sediment chemistry; Sorption; Eutrophication; Agricultural pollution; Pollution dispersion; Phosphorus; Pollution effects; Watersheds; Chemical kinetics; Stream flow; Fresh water; Channel flow; Agricultural runoff; River beds; Nonpoint pollution; Streams; Agricultural Runoff; Desorption; Water Pollution Sources; Base Flow; Nonpoint Pollution Sources; Hydrogen Ion Concentration; Water Depth; Stream Discharge; Channel Flow; Overland Flow; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing Seasonal Climatic Impact on Water Resources and Crop Production Using CLIGEN and WEPP Models AN - 1521398984; 5916026 AB - Physically based response models are useful tools for assessing climatic impact on water resources and crop productivity. Most response models require daily weather, which is often synthesized using stochastic daily weather generators. Synthesis of climate scenarios using weather generators provides an effective means for making impact assessments. The objectives were to evaluate the ability of the CLIGEN model to generate various climate scenarios and to assess further the hydrological and crop productivity responses using the WEPP model. The CLIGEN model was evaluated at four Oklahoma weather stations with mean annual precipitation ranging from 420 to 1150 mm and was then used to generate typical climate scenarios that represent wet, dry, and average conditions for Chandler, Oklahoma. The WEPP model was used to simulate hydrologic and grain yield responses to the generated climate scenarios. Results show that CLIGEN simulated daily and monthly precipitation reasonably well. CLIGEN was capable of preserving statistics of monthly precipitation as well as reproducing seasonal precipitation patterns for the dry, average, and wet year conditions. Simulated surface runoff, deep percolation, and plant transpiration increased as precipitation increased, but the rates of the increase varied with initial soil moisture levels and total precipitation. Predicted percent increase of wheat grain yield per 1% increase of growing-season precipitation, which was a function of initial soil moisture and total precipitation, ranged from 0.5% to 0.75%. Overall results indicate that CLIGEN is capable of translating monthly climate forecasts into daily weather series while preserving statistics of the forecasts. This study demonstrates that CLIGEN, when used in conjunction with response models such as WEPP, provides a useful tool for assessing the impact of seasonal climate variations or forecasts on water resources and crop production. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Zhang, X C AD - USDA-ARS Grazinglands Research Laboratory, 7207 West Cheyenne Street, El Reno, OK 73036, USA, jzhangrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 685 EP - 693 VL - 46 IS - 3 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Mean annual precipitation KW - Climatic changes KW - Water resources KW - Crops KW - USA, Oklahoma KW - Monthly precipitation KW - Seasonal precipitation KW - Climatic variations KW - Surface runoff KW - Daily weather KW - Weather forecasting KW - Hydrologic models KW - Weather KW - Climates KW - Precipitation KW - Transpiration KW - Soil water KW - Water use KW - Statistical forecasting KW - Soil moisture KW - Productivity KW - Runoff KW - Climate and water resources KW - Q2 09127:General papers on resources KW - SW 0810:General KW - M2 556.18:Water Management (556.18) KW - M2 551.58:Climatology (551.58) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1521398984?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Assessing+Seasonal+Climatic+Impact+on+Water+Resources+and+Crop+Production+Using+CLIGEN+and+WEPP+Models&rft.au=Zhang%2C+X+C&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=685&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Water use; Weather; Climatic changes; Water resources; Weather forecasting; Transpiration; Runoff; Mean annual precipitation; Precipitation; Seasonal precipitation; Monthly precipitation; Climatic variations; Surface runoff; Statistical forecasting; Daily weather; Soil moisture; Hydrologic models; Climate and water resources; Climates; Crops; Soil water; Productivity; USA, Oklahoma ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Practicing geology in El Salvador as U. S. Embassy Science Fellow AN - 1316372935; 2013-024360 JF - AEG News AU - Moore, John S Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 11 EP - 12 PB - Association of Engineering Geologists, Lawrence, KS VL - 46 IS - 2 SN - 0899-5788, 0899-5788 KW - protection KW - employment KW - geologic hazards KW - damage KW - research KW - urban environment KW - geology KW - careers KW - mitigation KW - natural resources KW - conservation KW - practice KW - El Salvador KW - geologists KW - natural hazards KW - environmental geology KW - economics KW - water resources KW - Central America KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1316372935?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AEG+News&rft.atitle=Practicing+geology+in+El+Salvador+as+U.+S.+Embassy+Science+Fellow&rft.au=Moore%2C+John+S&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AEG+News&rft.issn=08995788&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - PubXState - KS N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2013-03-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - careers; Central America; conservation; damage; economics; El Salvador; employment; environmental geology; geologic hazards; geologists; geology; mitigation; natural hazards; natural resources; practice; protection; research; urban environment; water resources ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assays for hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant capacity (oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC(FL))) of plasma and other biological and food samples. AN - 73280517; 12744654 AB - Methods are described for the extraction and analysis of hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidants, using modifications of the oxygen radical absorbing capacity (ORAC(FL)) procedure. These methods provide, for the first time, the ability to obtain a measure of "total antioxidant capacity" in the protein free plasma, using the same peroxyl radical generator for both lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidants. Separation of the lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidant fractions from plasma was accomplished by extracting with hexane after adding water and ethanol to the plasma (hexane/plasma/ethanol/water, 4:1:2:1, v/v). Lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidants were efficiently partitioned between hexane and aqueous solvents. Conditions for controlling temperature effects and decreasing assay variability using fluorescein as the fluorescent probe were validated in different laboratories. Incubation (37 degrees C for at least 30 min) of the buffer to which AAPH was dissolved was critical in decreasing assay variability. Lipophilic antioxidants represented 33.1 +/- 1.5 and 38.2 +/- 1.9% of the total antioxidant capacity of the protein free plasma in two independent studies of 6 and 10 subjects, respectively. Methods are described for application of the assay techniques to other types of biological and food samples. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Prior, Ronald L AU - Hoang, Ha AU - Gu, Liwei AU - Wu, Xianli AU - Bacchiocca, Mara AU - Howard, Luke AU - Hampsch-Woodill, Maureen AU - Huang, Dejian AU - Ou, Boxin AU - Jacob, Robert AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Arkansas, Children's Nutrition Center, 1120 Marshall Street, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202, USA. priorronaldl@uams.edu Y1 - 2003/05/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 21 SP - 3273 EP - 3279 VL - 51 IS - 11 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Amidines KW - 0 KW - Antioxidants KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) KW - 7381JDR72F KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Amidines -- chemistry KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Chemistry, Physical KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Beverages -- analysis KW - Adult KW - Chemical Phenomena KW - Blueberry Plants -- chemistry KW - Middle Aged KW - Diet KW - Female KW - Fruit -- chemistry KW - Antioxidants -- analysis KW - Food Analysis KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- chemistry KW - Plasma -- chemistry KW - Antioxidants -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73280517?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Assays+for+hydrophilic+and+lipophilic+antioxidant+capacity+%28oxygen+radical+absorbance+capacity+%28ORAC%28FL%29%29%29+of+plasma+and+other+biological+and+food+samples.&rft.au=Prior%2C+Ronald+L%3BHoang%2C+Ha%3BGu%2C+Liwei%3BWu%2C+Xianli%3BBacchiocca%2C+Mara%3BHoward%2C+Luke%3BHampsch-Woodill%2C+Maureen%3BHuang%2C+Dejian%3BOu%2C+Boxin%3BJacob%2C+Robert&rft.aulast=Prior&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft.date=2003-05-21&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=3273&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-17 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling colloid attachment, straining, and exclusion in saturated porous media. AN - 73341333; 12785531 AB - A conceptual model for colloid transport is developed that accounts for colloid attachment straining, and exclusion. Colloid attachment and detachment is modeled using first-order rate expressions, whereas straining is described using an irreversible first-order straining term that is depth dependent. Exclusion is modeled by adjusting transport parameters for colloid-accessible pore space. Fitting attachment and detachment model parameters to colloid transport data provided a reasonable description of effluent concentration curves, but the spatial distribution of retained colloids at the column inlet was severely underestimated for systems that exhibited significant colloid mass removal. A more physically realistic description of the colloid transport data was obtained by simulating both colloid attachment and straining. Fitted straining coefficients were found to systematically increase with increasing colloid size and decreasing median grain size. A correlation was developed to predict the straining coefficient from colloid and porous medium information. Numerical experiments indicated that increasing the colloid excluded volume of the pore space resulted in earlier breakthrough and higher peak effluent concentrations as a result of higher pore water velocities and lower residence times, respectively. Velocity enhancement due to colloid exclusion was predicted to increase with increasing exclusion volume and increasing soil gradation. JF - Environmental science & technology AU - Bradford, Scott A AU - Simunek, Jirka AU - Bettahar, Mehdi AU - Van Genuchten, Martinus Th AU - Yates, Scott R AD - George E. Brown, Jr., Salinity Laboratory, USDA, ARS, 450 West Big Springs Road, Riverside, California 92507-4617, USA. sbradford@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/05/15/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 15 SP - 2242 EP - 2250 VL - 37 IS - 10 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Colloids KW - 0 KW - Water Pollutants KW - Quartz KW - 14808-60-7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Geologic Sediments -- chemistry KW - Fresh Water -- chemistry KW - Porosity KW - Quartz -- chemistry KW - Surface Properties KW - Colloids -- chemistry KW - Water Movements KW - Models, Theoretical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73341333?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+science+%26+technology&rft.atitle=Modeling+colloid+attachment%2C+straining%2C+and+exclusion+in+saturated+porous+media.&rft.au=Bradford%2C+Scott+A%3BSimunek%2C+Jirka%3BBettahar%2C+Mehdi%3BVan+Genuchten%2C+Martinus+Th%3BYates%2C+Scott+R&rft.aulast=Bradford&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft.date=2003-05-15&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2242&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+science+%26+technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-12 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation of Salmonella from alfalfa seed and demonstration of impaired growth of heat-injured cells in seed homogenates. AN - 73041679; 12593927 AB - Three major foodborne outbreaks of salmonellosis in 1998 and 1999 were linked to the consumption of raw alfalfa sprouts. In this report, an improved method is described for isolation of Salmonella from alfalfa seed lots, which had been implicated in these outbreaks. From each seed lot, eight samples each containing 25 g of seed were tested for the presence of Salmonella by the US FDA Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) procedure and by a modified method applying two successive pre-enrichment steps. Depending on the seed lot, one to four out of eight samples tested positive for Salmonella by the standard procedure and two to seven out of eight samples tested positive by the modified method. Thus, the use of two consecutive pre-enrichment steps led to a higher detection rate than a single pre-enrichment step. This result indirectly suggested that Salmonella cells on contaminated seeds might be injured and failed to fully resuscitate in pre-enrichment broth containing seed components during the first 24 h of incubation. Responses of heat-injured Salmonella cells grown in buffered peptone water (BPW) and in three alfalfa seed homogenates were investigated. For preparation of seed homogenates, 25 g of seeds were homogenized in 200 ml of BPW using a laboratory Stomacher and subsequently held at 37 degrees C for 24 h prior to centrifugation and filtration. While untreated cells grew at about the same rate in BPW and in seed homogenates, heat-injured cells (52 degrees C, 10 min) required approximately 0.5 to 4.0 h longer to resuscitate in seed homogenates than in BPW. This result suggests that the alfalfa seed components or fermented metabolites from native bacteria hinder the repair and growth of heat-injured cells. This study also shows that an additional pre-enrichment step increases the frequency of isolation of Salmonella from naturally contaminated seeds, possibly by alleviating the toxic effect of seed homogenates on repair or growth of injured cells. JF - International journal of food microbiology AU - Liao, Ching-Hsing AU - Fett, William F AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA. cliao@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2003/05/15/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 15 SP - 245 EP - 253 VL - 82 IS - 3 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - Culture Media KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Seeds -- physiology KW - Food Microbiology KW - Humans KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Seeds -- microbiology KW - Hot Temperature KW - Medicago sativa -- microbiology KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Salmonella -- growth & development KW - Food Contamination KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - Medicago sativa -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73041679?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+food+microbiology&rft.atitle=Isolation+of+Salmonella+from+alfalfa+seed+and+demonstration+of+impaired+growth+of+heat-injured+cells+in+seed+homogenates.&rft.au=Liao%2C+Ching-Hsing%3BFett%2C+William+F&rft.aulast=Liao&rft.aufirst=Ching-Hsing&rft.date=2003-05-15&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=245&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+food+microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-24 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genomic homogeneity between Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis belies their divergent growth rates AN - 746233873; 13103825 AB - Mycobacterium avium subspecies avium (M. avium) is frequently encountered in the environment, but also causes infections in animals and immunocompromised patients. In contrast, Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis) is a slow-growing organism that is the causative agent of Johne's disease in cattle and chronic granulomatous infections in a variety of other ruminant hosts. Yet we show that despite their divergent phenotypes and the diseases they present, the genomes of M. avium and M. paratuberculosis share greater than 97% nucleotide identity over large (25 kb) genomic regions analyzed in this study. To characterize genome similarity between these two subspecies as well as attempt to understand their different growth rates, we designed oligonucleotide primers from M. avium sequence to amplify 15 minimally overlapping fragments of M. paratuberculosis genomic DNA encompassing the chromosomal origin of replication. These strategies resulted in the successful amplification and sequencing of a contiguous 11-kb fragment containing the putative Mycobacterium paratuberculosis origin of replication (oriC). This fragment contained 11 predicted open reading frames that showed a conserved gene order in the oriC locus when compared with several other Gram-positive bacteria. In addition, a GC skew analysis identified the origin of chromosomal replication which lies between the genes dnaA and dnaN. The presence of multiple DnaA boxes and the ATP-binding site in dnaA were also found in M. paratuberculosis. The strong nucleotide identity of M. avium and M. paratuberculosis in the region surrounding the origin of chromosomal replication led us to compare other areas of these genomes. A DNA homology matrix of 2 million nucleotides from each genome revealed strong synteny with only a few sequences present in one genome but absent in the other. Finally, the 16s rRNA gene from these two subspecies is 100% identical. We present for the first time, a description of the oriC region in M. paratuberculosis. In addition, genomic comparisons between these two mycobacterial subspecies suggest that differences in the oriC region may not be significant enough to account for the diverse bacterial replication rates. Finally, the few genetic differences present outside the origin of chromosomal replication in each genome may be responsible for the diverse growth rates or phenotypes observed between the avium and paratuberculosis subspecies. JF - BMC Microbiology AU - Bannantine, John P AU - Zhang, Qing AU - Li, Ling-Ling AU - Kapur, Vivek AD - National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, 2300 N. Dayton Ave., Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 2003/05/09/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 09 SP - 10 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Middlesex House London W1T 4LB UK VL - 3 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Growth rate KW - Genomes KW - Ruminantia KW - Synteny KW - Gene order KW - Mycobacterium avium KW - Mycobacterium KW - Replication KW - Gram-positive bacteria KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Paratuberculosis KW - Oligonucleotides KW - Nucleotides KW - Mycobacterium paratuberculosis KW - Homology KW - Immunocompromised hosts KW - Chronic infection KW - Replication origins KW - Primers KW - genomics KW - rRNA 16S KW - Open reading frames KW - A 01340:Antibiotics & Antimicrobials KW - J 02400:Human Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/746233873?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Genomic+homogeneity+between+Mycobacterium+avium+subsp.+avium+and+Mycobacterium+avium+subsp.+paratuberculosis+belies+their+divergent+growth+rates&rft.au=Bannantine%2C+John+P%3BZhang%2C+Qing%3BLi%2C+Ling-Ling%3BKapur%2C+Vivek&rft.aulast=Bannantine&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2003-05-09&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=&rft.spage=10&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=BMC+Microbiology&rft.issn=1471-2180&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1471-2180-3-10 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-07-01 N1 - Number of references - 36 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genomes; Growth rate; Synteny; Gene order; Replication; Nucleotide sequence; Gram-positive bacteria; Paratuberculosis; Oligonucleotides; Nucleotides; Homology; Immunocompromised hosts; Chronic infection; Replication origins; Primers; genomics; rRNA 16S; Open reading frames; Ruminantia; Mycobacterium paratuberculosis; Mycobacterium avium; Mycobacterium DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-3-10 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - FUM13 encodes a short chain dehydrogenase/reductase required for C-3 carbonyl reduction during fumonisin biosynthesis in Gibberella moniliformis. AN - 73226476; 12720383 AB - Fumonisins are polyketide-derived mycotoxins produced by the filamentous fungus Gibberella moniliformis (anamorph Fusarium verticillioides). Wild-type strains of the fungus produce predominantly four B-series fumonisins, designated FB(1), FB(2), FB(3), and FB(4). Recently, a cluster of 15 putative fumonisin biosynthetic genes (FUM) was described in G. moniliformis. We have now conducted a functional analysis of FUM13, a gene in the cluster that is predicted by amino acid sequence similarity to encode a short chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR). Mass spectrometric analysis of metabolites from FUM13 deletion mutants revealed that they produce approximately 10% of wild-type levels of B-series fumonisins as well as two previously uncharacterized compounds. NMR analysis revealed that the new compounds are similar in structure to FB(3) and FB(4) but that they have a carbonyl function rather than a hydroxyl function at carbon atom 3 (C-3). These results indicate that the FUM13 protein catalyzes the reduction of the C-3 carbonyl to a hydroxyl group and are the first biochemical evidence directly linking a FUM gene to a specific reaction during fumonisin biosynthesis. The production of low levels of FB(1), FB(2), FB(3), and FB(4), which have a C-3 hydroxyl, by the FUM13 mutants suggests that G. moniliformis has an additional C-3 carbonyl reductase activity but that this enzyme functions less efficiently than the FUM13 protein. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Butchko, Robert A E AU - Plattner, Ronald D AU - Proctor, Robert H AD - National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604-3999, USA. butchkora@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/05/07/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 07 SP - 3000 EP - 3006 VL - 51 IS - 10 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Fumonisins KW - 0 KW - Oxidoreductases KW - EC 1.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Mutagenesis KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Gene Deletion KW - Oxidoreductases -- genetics KW - Gibberella -- enzymology KW - Oxidoreductases -- chemistry KW - Gibberella -- genetics KW - Fumonisins -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73226476?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=FUM13+encodes+a+short+chain+dehydrogenase%2Freductase+required+for+C-3+carbonyl+reduction+during+fumonisin+biosynthesis+in+Gibberella+moniliformis.&rft.au=Butchko%2C+Robert+A+E%3BPlattner%2C+Ronald+D%3BProctor%2C+Robert+H&rft.aulast=Butchko&rft.aufirst=Robert+A&rft.date=2003-05-07&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3000&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-16 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Olfactory stimulation of Africanized honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) attacks by insect repellents. AN - 73605348; 12943104 AB - Three common insect repellents (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide [DEET], Pyranha, and Repel X) were tested to determine whether they affected Africanized honey bee attack behavior. Eight Africanized honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies were exposed in an alternating series to the test repellents or blank controls delivered in a stream of air directed toward the colony entrances. The response generated by the repellents and the controls was measured as the number of attacking honey bees recorded with an electronic temper tester. Neither a citronella-based repellent (Pyranha) nor DEET had any effect on colony behavior; however, Repel X consistently caused a greater attack response after exposure. JF - Journal of medical entomology AU - Schmidt, Justin O AU - Johnston, Andrea N AU - Ginter, Daniel L AU - Spangler, Hayward G AD - Carl Hayden Bee Research Center, USDA-ARS, 2000 E. Allen Road, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA. Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 275 EP - 278 VL - 40 IS - 3 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Insect Repellents KW - 0 KW - DEET KW - 134-62-3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Africa KW - DEET -- pharmacology KW - Bees -- drug effects KW - Bees -- physiology KW - Smell -- physiology KW - Insect Repellents -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73605348?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.atitle=Olfactory+stimulation+of+Africanized+honey+bee+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Apidae%29+attacks+by+insect+repellents.&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+Justin+O%3BJohnston%2C+Andrea+N%3BGinter%2C+Daniel+L%3BSpangler%2C+Hayward+G&rft.aulast=Schmidt&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-23 N1 - Date created - 2003-08-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of intraspecific competition by Aspergillus flavus on aflatoxin formation in suspended disc culture. AN - 73449669; 12884960 AB - The ability of two non-aflatoxin producing strains of Aspergillus flavus to interfere with aflatoxin production by a toxigenic A. flavus strain was examined using a replacement series with suspended disc culture method. Individual glass fiber discs, affixed to a pin suspended from the caps of scintillation vials, were inoculated with medium containing A. flavus conidial mixtures in different proportions (aflatoxin producer:non-producer = 100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 20:80 and 0:100 by vol) at a constant total density (1 x 10(5) spores ml(-1)). Reductions in the total conidial density of these strains when grown alone, had little effect on fungal growth (mycelium dry weight) or aflatoxin production. Significant (P < 0.0001) reductions in aflatoxin B1 were recorded when non-toxigenic strains represented any proportion of the inoculum mixture. Aflatoxin yield values were less than (P < 0.0001) expected from the input ratios for toxigenic vs. non-toxigenic conidial inoculum within the replacement series. Aflatoxin yields were also reduced (P < 0.001), with a corresponding increase in fungal growth (P < 0.001), when conidia from aflatoxin producing strains were mixed in equal proportions. This suggests that the substantial inhibition of aflatoxin yield for inoculum mixtures results from the failure of spore germlings to establish a cooperative mycelial network. JF - Mycological research AU - Wicklow, Donald T AU - Bobell, John R AU - Palmquist, Debra E AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 617 EP - 623 VL - 107 SN - 0953-7562, 0953-7562 KW - Culture Media KW - 0 KW - Aflatoxin B1 KW - 9N2N2Y55MH KW - Index Medicus KW - Microbiological Techniques -- methods KW - Microbiological Techniques -- instrumentation KW - Mycelium -- metabolism KW - Aspergillus flavus -- growth & development KW - Aflatoxin B1 -- biosynthesis KW - Aspergillus flavus -- classification KW - Aspergillus flavus -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73449669?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycological+research&rft.atitle=Effect+of+intraspecific+competition+by+Aspergillus+flavus+on+aflatoxin+formation+in+suspended+disc+culture.&rft.au=Wicklow%2C+Donald+T%3BBobell%2C+John+R%3BPalmquist%2C+Debra+E&rft.aulast=Wicklow&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=&rft.spage=617&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycological+research&rft.issn=09537562&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-23 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioactive crude plant seed extracts from the NCAUR oilseed repository. AN - 73421903; 12809363 AB - Over four-hundred crude extracts from 202 plant species distributed among 131 plant families were evaluated for their bioactivity against brine shrimp (Artemia salina). Activity was determined for both the organic (CH2Cl2:MeOH) and aqueous extracts against A. salina in a 96 well-plate assay. Of the greater than four-hundred extracts tested, 21 organic and 6 aqueous extracts demonstrated potent cytotoxic activity (LC50 = < 100 microg/ml). Three of these organic extracts (Crateva religiosa, Diospyros dichrophylla, and Olax subscorpioidea) were chosen for chemical investigations due to their high activity and a lack of prior investigations. Chemical analysis of these extracts resulted in the isolation of oleanolic acid (1) and 4-epi-hederagenin (2) from C. religiosa, isodiospyrin (3) from D. dichrophylla, and santalbic acid (4) from O. subscorpioidea. JF - Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology AU - Cantrell, C L AU - Berhow, M A AU - Phillips, B S AU - Duval, S M AU - Weisleder, D AU - Vaughn, S F AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, Illinois, USA. c.cantrell@hauser.com Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 325 EP - 333 VL - 10 IS - 4 SN - 0944-7113, 0944-7113 KW - Plant Extracts KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Diospyros KW - Animals KW - Seeds KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Capparaceae KW - Olacaceae KW - Artemia -- drug effects KW - Plant Extracts -- pharmacology KW - Phytotherapy KW - Plants, Medicinal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73421903?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytomedicine+%3A+international+journal+of+phytotherapy+and+phytopharmacology&rft.atitle=Bioactive+crude+plant+seed+extracts+from+the+NCAUR+oilseed+repository.&rft.au=Cantrell%2C+C+L%3BBerhow%2C+M+A%3BPhillips%2C+B+S%3BDuval%2C+S+M%3BWeisleder%2C+D%3BVaughn%2C+S+F&rft.aulast=Cantrell&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=325&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytomedicine+%3A+international+journal+of+phytotherapy+and+phytopharmacology&rft.issn=09447113&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-25 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Testing soils and cornstalks to evaluate nitrogen management on the watershed scale. AN - 73356724; 12809302 AB - High nitrate (NO3-N) concentrations in Iowa rivers have been linked to areas of intensive row crop production, but they have not been experimentally linked to specific management practices used during row crop production. This study demonstrates how the late-spring test for soil NO3-N and the end-of-season test for cornstalk NO3-N can be used to measure N sufficiency levels across many fields and how the results can be used to evaluate management practices within a watershed. More than 3200 soil and cornstalk samples were collected over a 12-yr period from fields planted to corn (Zea mays L.) and already fertilized by farmers using their normal practices. Results showed that early-season rainfall and associated N losses were major factors affecting N concentrations in soils and cornstalks. Evidence for NO3-N movement from fields to rivers was provided by an inverse relationship between annual means for NO3-N concentrations in soils and rivers. Because these losses can be avoided by delaying N applications, the practice of applying N several weeks or months before plants grow was linked to inefficient use of fertilizer and manure N by crops. Results of the study demonstrate how aggregate analyses of soil and cornstalk samples collected across many farms and years make it possible to identify the major factors affecting N management outcomes and, therefore, N management practices that are likely to produce the best outcomes within a watershed or region. This approach seems to have unique potential to interrelate the management practices of farmers, the efficiency of N fertilization, and NO3-N concentrations in rivers. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - Balkcom, Kipling S AU - Blackmer, Alfred M AU - Hansen, David J AU - Morris, Thomas F AU - Mallarino, Antonio P AD - USDA-ARS, National Peanut Research Laboratory, Dawson, GA 39842, USA. PY - 2003 SP - 1015 EP - 1024 VL - 32 IS - 3 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Fertilizers KW - 0 KW - Nitrates KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Water Pollutants KW - Nitrogen KW - N762921K75 KW - Index Medicus KW - Agriculture KW - Zea mays KW - Seasons KW - Refuse Disposal KW - Water Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Conservation of Natural Resources KW - Nitrogen -- chemistry KW - Soil Pollutants -- isolation & purification KW - Water Pollutants -- analysis KW - Nitrogen -- analysis KW - Water Pollutants -- isolation & purification KW - Nitrates -- isolation & purification KW - Soil Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73356724?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Testing+soils+and+cornstalks+to+evaluate+nitrogen+management+on+the+watershed+scale.&rft.au=Balkcom%2C+Kipling+S%3BBlackmer%2C+Alfred+M%3BHansen%2C+David+J%3BMorris%2C+Thomas+F%3BMallarino%2C+Antonio+P&rft.aulast=Balkcom&rft.aufirst=Kipling&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1015&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-11-18 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The toxicity and kinetics of larkspur alkaloid, methyllycaconitine, in mice. AN - 73315110; 12772851 AB - Larkspur poisoning sporadically kills from 5 to 15% of the cattle on North American mountain rangelands. Of the 40 different diterpenoid larkspur alkaloids, the one that is thought to be responsible for much of the toxicity has been identified as methyllycaconitine (MLA). Little is known of MLA toxicokinetics or excretion. The purpose of this study was to further characterize the clinical effects of MLA toxicity in mice and determine the toxicokinetics of MLA excretion. Eight groups of mice were dosed intravenously with 2.0 mg/kg of BW of MLA, killed, and necropsied at 0, 1, 2, 5,10,15, 30, and 60 min after injection. Treated animals were reluctant to move, trembled, and developed dyspnea, muscular twitches, and convulsions. Within several minutes, the clinical signs abated and behavior slowly returned to normal over approximately 20 min. At necropsy serum, brain, liver, kidney, and skeletal muscle were collected and frozen. Blood and tissues were extracted and analyzed for MLA with HPLC and electron spray mass spectrometry. Blood MLA elimination followed a normal biphasic redistribution and excretion pattern (r = 0.99) with a K of elimination of 0.0376 and half-life of 18.4 min. Other tissues had similar clearance rates. These data indicate the MLA is rapidly distributed and excreted. In mice, the clinical effects of poisoning seem to affect the central nervous system, causing dyspnea and "explosive" muscular twitches and convulsions. Because livestock commonly eat larkspur at subclinical doses, they are likely to have larkspur alkaloids in many tissues. These results suggest that animals exposed to larkspur should rapidly excrete MLA (within several hours) and that the residues in animal tissues are not likely to be a problem if animals are given several days to allow toxin clearance. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Stegelmeier, B L AU - Hall, J O AU - Gardner, D R AU - Panter, K E AD - USDA, ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan 84341, USA. bsteg@cc.usu.edu Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 1237 EP - 1241 VL - 81 IS - 5 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - methyllycaconitine KW - 21019-30-7 KW - Aconitine KW - X8YN71D5WC KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Kidney -- metabolism KW - Injections, Intravenous KW - Random Allocation KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Metabolic Clearance Rate KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Brain -- metabolism KW - Drug Residues KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Cattle KW - Delphinium KW - Half-Life KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- methods KW - Muscle, Skeletal -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Insecticides -- toxicity KW - Aconitine -- pharmacokinetics KW - Insecticides -- pharmacokinetics KW - Aconitine -- toxicity KW - Aconitine -- analysis KW - Aconitine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Insecticides -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73315110?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=The+toxicity+and+kinetics+of+larkspur+alkaloid%2C+methyllycaconitine%2C+in+mice.&rft.au=Stegelmeier%2C+B+L%3BHall%2C+J+O%3BGardner%2C+D+R%3BPanter%2C+K+E&rft.aulast=Stegelmeier&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-11-20 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Insertional mutants: a foundation for assessing gene function. AN - 73292828; 12758036 AB - The abundance of Arabidopsis insert mutants portends the day when null alleles in every gene will be obtained. Once these are created, all plant scientists can become geneticists. However, this brief technical highlight of genetic concepts cautions against ascribing gene function based exclusively on phenotypic analysis of null alleles. JF - Trends in plant science AU - Hirschi, Kendal D AD - United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service (USDA/ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA. kendalh@bcm.tmc.edu Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 205 EP - 207 VL - 8 IS - 5 SN - 1360-1385, 1360-1385 KW - Index Medicus KW - Phenotype KW - Gene Deletion KW - Arabidopsis -- genetics KW - Arabidopsis -- metabolism KW - Genes, Plant -- genetics KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73292828?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+plant+science&rft.atitle=Insertional+mutants%3A+a+foundation+for+assessing+gene+function.&rft.au=Hirschi%2C+Kendal+D&rft.aulast=Hirschi&rft.aufirst=Kendal&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Trends+in+plant+science&rft.issn=13601385&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-03 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Irradiation D-values for Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella sp. on inoculated broccoli seeds and effects of irradiation on broccoli sprout keeping quality and seed viability. AN - 73276476; 12747682 AB - Like alfalfa sprouts, broccoli sprouts can be a vehicle for bacterial pathogens, which can cause illness when they are consumed. The gamma irradiation process was used to reduce numbers of bacterial pathogens on broccoli sprouts and seeds, and the effect of this process on the seeds was studied. The irradiation destruct values for Salmonella sp. and for strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7 inoculated on broccoli seeds were determined. Results obtained in this study indicate that a dose of 2 kGy reduced total background counts for broccoli sprouts from 10(6) to 10(7) CFU/g to 10(4) to 10(5) CFU/g and increased the shelf life of the sprouts by 10 days. Yield ratio (wt/wt), germination percentage, sprout length, and thickness were measured to determine the effects of various irradiation doses on the broccoli seeds. Results show a decreased germination percentage at a dose level of 4 kGy, whereas the yield ratio (wt/wt), sprout length, and thickness decreased at the 2-kGy dose level. The radiation doses required to inactivate Salmonella sp. and strains of E. coli O157:H7 were higher than previously reported values. D-values, dose required for a 1-log reduction, for the nonvegetable and vegetable Salmonella sp. isolates were 0.74 and 1.10 kGy, respectively. The values for the nonvegetable and vegetable isolated strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7 were 1.43 and 1.11 kGy, respectively. With the irradiation process, a dose of up to 2 kGy can extend the shelf life of broccoli sprouts. A dose of > 2 kGy would have an adverse effect on the broccoli seed and decrease the yield of broccoli sprouts. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Rajkowski, Kathleen T AU - Boyd, Glen AU - Thayer, Donald W AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. krajkowski@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 760 EP - 766 VL - 66 IS - 5 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Germination KW - Plant Shoots -- radiation effects KW - Seeds -- physiology KW - Plant Shoots -- physiology KW - Food Microbiology KW - Gamma Rays KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Food Preservation -- methods KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Time Factors KW - Seeds -- radiation effects KW - Quality Control KW - Brassica -- standards KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- radiation effects KW - Brassica -- radiation effects KW - Food Irradiation KW - Brassica -- microbiology KW - Salmonella -- radiation effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73276476?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Irradiation+D-values+for+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+and+Salmonella+sp.+on+inoculated+broccoli+seeds+and+effects+of+irradiation+on+broccoli+sprout+keeping+quality+and+seed+viability.&rft.au=Rajkowski%2C+Kathleen+T%3BBoyd%2C+Glen%3BThayer%2C+Donald+W&rft.aulast=Rajkowski&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=760&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-01 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment On: J Food Prot. 2000 Jul;63(7):871-5 [10914652] J Food Prot. 2001 Dec;64(12):1988-95 [11770628] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gamma irradiation of fine-emulsion sausage containing sodium diacetate. AN - 73269904; 12747691 AB - Listeria monocytogenes, a psychrotrophic foodborne pathogen, is a frequent postprocess contaminant of ready-to-eat (RTE) meat products, including frankfurters and bologna. Ionizing radiation can eliminate L. monocytogenes from RTE meats. Sodium diacetate (SDA) incorporated into fine-emulsion sausages inhibits the growth of L. monocytogenes. Irradiation of L. monocytogenes suspended in SDA solutions resulted in synergistic reductions of the microorganism. L. monocytogenes populations were reduced by > 9 log10 units at a radiation dose of 1.5 kGy when suspended in 0.125% SDA solution. In contrast, the D10-values (the ionizing radiation doses required to reduce the population by 90%) were 0.58, 0.59, 0.57, and 0.53 kGy for L. monocytogenes populations suspended in emulsions containing 0, 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5% SDA, respectively. The D10-values for L. monocytogenes surface inoculated onto frankfurters dipped in 0, 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5% SDA solutions were 0.58, 0.53, 0.54, and 0.52 kGy, respectively. Postirradiation growth of L. monocytogenes suspended in beef bologna emulsion at 9 degrees C was dependent on SDA concentration and ionizing radiation dose. Very small, but statistically significant, changes in bologna redness, lipid oxidation, and shear force were observed for the beef bologna emulsion with the highest SDA concentration (0.5%) and irradiation dose (3.0 kGy). SDA can inhibit the proliferation of L. monocytogenes surviving the irradiation process with minimal impact on fine-emulsion sausage color, lipid oxidation, and firmness when used within regulatory limits. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Sommers, Christopher AU - Fan, Xuetong AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety Intervention Technologies Research Unit, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. csommers@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 819 EP - 824 VL - 66 IS - 5 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Sodium Acetate KW - 4550K0SC9B KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Food Microbiology KW - Gamma Rays KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Food Preservation -- methods KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Meat Products -- standards KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- drug effects KW - Meat Products -- microbiology KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- growth & development KW - Food Irradiation KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- radiation effects KW - Sodium Acetate -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73269904?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Gamma+irradiation+of+fine-emulsion+sausage+containing+sodium+diacetate.&rft.au=Sommers%2C+Christopher%3BFan%2C+Xuetong&rft.aulast=Sommers&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=819&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-01 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of age on susceptibility to azoxymethane-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci formation in C57BL/6JNIA mice. AN - 73265496; 12730247 AB - To determine the effect of age on susceptibility to azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) formation and its underlying mechanism, young and old mice were injected with AOM weekly for 4 or 5 weeks and euthanized 5 or 6 weeks later. Given the same (12 or 15) mg/kg body weight dose of AOM, old mice had significantly more ACF than young mice. However, given the same total dose of AOM (to avoid confounding effect of higher dose to heavier old mice), at a low total dose (1.5 mg) there was no age difference, but at higher total doses (1.8 and 2.2 mg) young mice had significantly more ACF than old mice. These results indicate that the age-related susceptibility to AOM differs depending on whether administration of the carcinogen is based on weight or total dose. These age differences are not due to variations in cyclooxygenase-2 expression, cell proliferation, or AOM hydroxylase activity. JF - The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences AU - Chung, Heekyung AU - Wu, Dayong AU - Gay, Raina AU - Han, Sung Nim AU - Goldin, Barry AU - Bronson, Roderick AU - Mason, Joel AU - Smith, Donald E AU - Meydani, Simin Nikbin AD - Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA. Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - B400 EP - B405 VL - 58 IS - 5 SN - 1079-5006, 1079-5006 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Isoenzymes KW - Membrane Proteins KW - Cyclooxygenase 1 KW - EC 1.14.99.1 KW - Cyclooxygenase 2 KW - Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases KW - Ptgs1 protein, mouse KW - Azoxymethane KW - MO0N1J0SEN KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Isoenzymes -- analysis KW - Animals KW - Age Factors KW - Weight Loss KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases -- analysis KW - Mice KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Male KW - Carcinogens -- administration & dosage KW - Azoxymethane -- toxicity KW - Colon -- pathology KW - Azoxymethane -- administration & dosage KW - Colon -- drug effects KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Colonic Neoplasms -- chemistry KW - Colonic Neoplasms -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73265496?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+journals+of+gerontology.+Series+A%2C+Biological+sciences+and+medical+sciences&rft.atitle=Effect+of+age+on+susceptibility+to+azoxymethane-induced+colonic+aberrant+crypt+foci+formation+in+C57BL%2F6JNIA+mice.&rft.au=Chung%2C+Heekyung%3BWu%2C+Dayong%3BGay%2C+Raina%3BHan%2C+Sung+Nim%3BGoldin%2C+Barry%3BBronson%2C+Roderick%3BMason%2C+Joel%3BSmith%2C+Donald+E%3BMeydani%2C+Simin+Nikbin&rft.aulast=Chung&rft.aufirst=Heekyung&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=B400&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+journals+of+gerontology.+Series+A%2C+Biological+sciences+and+medical+sciences&rft.issn=10795006&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-27 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of mycotoxins, kojic acid and oxalic acid, on biological fitness of Lygus hesperus (Heteroptera: Miridae). AN - 73262972; 12725813 JF - Journal of invertebrate pathology AU - Alverson, Janet AD - Biological Control and Mass Rearing Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA. janeta@vetmed.wsu.edu Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 60 EP - 62 VL - 83 IS - 1 SN - 0022-2011, 0022-2011 KW - Mycotoxins KW - 0 KW - Pyrones KW - kojic acid KW - 6K23F1TT52 KW - Oxalic Acid KW - 9E7R5L6H31 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Diet KW - Female KW - Pyrones -- pharmacology KW - Heteroptera -- drug effects KW - Oxalic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Mycotoxins -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73262972?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+invertebrate+pathology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+mycotoxins%2C+kojic+acid+and+oxalic+acid%2C+on+biological+fitness+of+Lygus+hesperus+%28Heteroptera%3A+Miridae%29.&rft.au=Alverson%2C+Janet&rft.aulast=Alverson&rft.aufirst=Janet&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=60&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+invertebrate+pathology&rft.issn=00222011&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-06 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inflammatory agonist stimulation and signal pathway of oxidative burst in neonatal chicken heterophils. AN - 73262602; 12727554 AB - Heterophils are the predominant polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in poultry. The oxidative burst of activated heterophils, which generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), is one of the first line cellular defenses against invading microorganisms. In this report, the oxidative response of heterophils from neonatal chicks to in vitro stimulation by various inflammatory agonists was investigated using a fluorescence microplate assay. Both non-opsonized formalin-killed Salmonella enteritidis and Staphylococcus aureus were able to stimulate heterophil oxidative burst. The phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) was the most potent stimulant for the chicken heterophil oxidative response, whereas, the bacterial cell surface components lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) were less effective. Protein kinase C (PKC) is an essential signaling component regulating heterophil oxidative response to stimulation by PMA, LPS, LTA and S. enteritidis. However, inhibition of PKC did not affect the oxidative response to stimulation by S. aureus, suggesting differential signaling pathway responsible for the activation of oxidative burst by Gram-negative S. enteritidis and Gram-positive S. aureus. Inhibition of mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase p38 and extracellular response kinase (ERK) by SB 203580 and PD 098059, respectively, did not inhibit activated oxidative burst. JF - Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular & integrative physiology AU - He, Haiqi AU - Farnell, Morgan B AU - Kogut, Michael H AD - Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA. he@ffsru.tamu.edu Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 177 EP - 184 VL - 135 IS - 1 SN - 1095-6433, 1095-6433 KW - 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one KW - 0 KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - Flavonoids KW - Fluoresceins KW - Imidazoles KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - Pyridines KW - Teichoic Acids KW - diacetyldichlorofluorescein KW - 2044-85-1 KW - lipoteichoic acid KW - 56411-57-5 KW - Protein Kinase C KW - EC 2.7.11.13 KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases KW - EC 2.7.11.24 KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - SB 203580 KW - OU13V1EYWQ KW - Index Medicus KW - Inflammation -- veterinary KW - Animals KW - Imidazoles -- pharmacology KW - Fluoresceins -- metabolism KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases -- metabolism KW - Lipopolysaccharides -- pharmacology KW - Teichoic Acids -- pharmacology KW - Protein Kinase C -- metabolism KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Protein Kinase C -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Staphylococcus aureus -- immunology KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- immunology KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Inflammation -- immunology KW - Flavonoids -- pharmacology KW - Pyridines -- pharmacology KW - Signal Transduction KW - Male KW - Respiratory Burst -- drug effects KW - Neutrophils -- drug effects KW - Neutrophils -- immunology KW - Chickens -- blood KW - Neutrophils -- physiology KW - Respiratory Burst -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73262602?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comparative+biochemistry+and+physiology.+Part+A%2C+Molecular+%26+integrative+physiology&rft.atitle=Inflammatory+agonist+stimulation+and+signal+pathway+of+oxidative+burst+in+neonatal+chicken+heterophils.&rft.au=He%2C+Haiqi%3BFarnell%2C+Morgan+B%3BKogut%2C+Michael+H&rft.aulast=He&rft.aufirst=Haiqi&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=135&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Comparative+biochemistry+and+physiology.+Part+A%2C+Molecular+%26+integrative+physiology&rft.issn=10956433&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-04 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predictive model for the combined effect of temperature, sodium lactate, and sodium diacetate on the heat resistance of Listeria monocytogenes in beef. AN - 73252415; 12747689 AB - The effects of heating temperature (60 to 73.9 degrees C), sodium lactate (NaL; 0.0 to 4.8% [wt/wt]), and/or sodium diacetate (SDA; 0.0 to 0.25% [wt/wt]) and of the interactions of these factors on the heat resistance of a five-strain mixture of Listeria monocytogenes in 75% lean ground beef were examined. Thermal death times for L. monocytogenes in filtered stomacher bags in a circulating water bath were determined. The recovery medium was tryptic soy agar supplemented with 0.6% yeast extract and 1% sodium pyruvate. Decimal reduction times (D-values) were calculated by fitting a survival model to the data with a curve-fitting program. The D-values were analyzed by second-order response surface regression for temperature, NaL level, and SDA level. The D-values observed for beef with no NaL or SDA at 60, 65, 71.1, and 73.9 degrees C were 4.67, 0.72, 0.17, and 0.04 min, respectively. The addition of 4.8% NaL to beef increased heat resistance at all temperatures, with D-values ranging from 14.3 min at 60 degrees C to 0.13 min at 73.9 degrees C. Sodium diacetate interacted with NaL, thereby reducing the protective effect of NaL and rendering L. monocytogenes in beef less resistant to heat. A mathematical model describing the combined effect of temperature, NaL level, and SDA level on the thermal inactivation of L. monocytogenes was developed. This model can predict D-values for any combination of temperature, NaL level, and SDA level that is within the range of those tested. This predictive model will have substantial practical importance to processors of cooked meat, allowing them to vary their thermal treatments of ready-to-eat meat products in a safe manner. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Juneja, Vijay K AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. vjuneja@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 804 EP - 811 VL - 66 IS - 5 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Sodium Acetate KW - 4550K0SC9B KW - Sodium Lactate KW - TU7HW0W0QT KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Food Microbiology KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Humans KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Time Factors KW - Models, Biological KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Hot Temperature KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- drug effects KW - Meat Products -- microbiology KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- growth & development KW - Sodium Lactate -- pharmacology KW - Sodium Acetate -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73252415?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Predictive+model+for+the+combined+effect+of+temperature%2C+sodium+lactate%2C+and+sodium+diacetate+on+the+heat+resistance+of+Listeria+monocytogenes+in+beef.&rft.au=Juneja%2C+Vijay+K&rft.aulast=Juneja&rft.aufirst=Vijay&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=804&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-01 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Weeding with transgenes. AN - 73242194; 12727378 AB - Transgenes promise to reduce insecticide and fungicide use but relatively little has been done to significantly reduce herbicide use through genetic engineering. Recently, three strategies for transgene utilization have been developed that have the potential to change this. These are the improvement of weed-specific biocontrol agents, enhancement of crop competition or allelopathic traits, and production of cover crops that will self-destruct near the time of planting. Failsafe risk mitigation technologies are needed for most of these strategies. JF - Trends in biotechnology AU - Duke, Stephen O AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, National Center for Natural Products Research, P.O. Box 8048, University, MS 38677, USA. sduke@olemiss.edu Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 192 EP - 195 VL - 21 IS - 5 SN - 0167-7799, 0167-7799 KW - Herbicides KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Ecosystem KW - Crops, Agricultural -- growth & development KW - Herbicides -- metabolism KW - Agriculture -- methods KW - Plants, Genetically Modified -- growth & development KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Plant -- genetics KW - Genetic Engineering -- methods KW - Plants, Genetically Modified -- metabolism KW - Genetic Engineering -- trends KW - Crops, Agricultural -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73242194?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+biotechnology&rft.atitle=Weeding+with+transgenes.&rft.au=Duke%2C+Stephen+O&rft.aulast=Duke&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=192&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Trends+in+biotechnology&rft.issn=01677799&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-02-10 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of microbiological screen test data for antimicrobial residues in food animals. AN - 73229544; 12716055 AB - This study analyzes the National Residue Program (NRP) of the Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), data for the years 1983-1998 to determine the effectiveness of all three microbiological screen tests that were developed and used by the FSIS to control antimicrobial residues in food animals. The Swab Test On Premises (STOP) was the first screen test introduced in slaughterhouses, followed by the Calf Antibiotic Sulfonamide Test (CAST) and the Fast Antimicrobial Screen Test (FAST). The data for STOP indicates that during 1983-1998, the rate of food animal carcasses with violative levels of antimicrobial residues reduced from 2.33% to 0.45% under the monitoring plan and under the surveillance plan, the rate reduced from 55.1% to 0.56%. Similarly, the data for CAST indicates that the rate of calf carcasses with violative levels of antimicrobial residue also declined significantly during those years. Because of its higher sensitivity and shorter analytical time, the use of FAST started in 1995. By 1999, it had practically replaced the use of STOP and CAST in bovine species. The use of only one test such as FAST instead of different tests has removed confusion for testing different species of food animals and thereby has enhanced the efficiency of the NRP. JF - Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B, Pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes AU - Dey, B P AU - Thaler, Alice AU - Gwozdz, Frank AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Office of Policy, Program Development, and Evaluation, Animal and Egg Production Food Safety Staff, Washington, DC 20250, USA. Bhabani.Dey@fsis.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 391 EP - 404 VL - 38 IS - 3 SN - 0360-1234, 0360-1234 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Sulfonamides KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- metabolism KW - Abattoirs KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- analysis KW - Pilot Projects KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Sulfonamides -- analysis KW - Cattle KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Animal Feed -- analysis KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Quality Control KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Meat -- analysis KW - Food Inspection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73229544?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+science+and+health.+Part.+B%2C+Pesticides%2C+food+contaminants%2C+and+agricultural+wastes&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+microbiological+screen+test+data+for+antimicrobial+residues+in+food+animals.&rft.au=Dey%2C+B+P%3BThaler%2C+Alice%3BGwozdz%2C+Frank&rft.aulast=Dey&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=391&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+science+and+health.+Part.+B%2C+Pesticides%2C+food+contaminants%2C+and+agricultural+wastes&rft.issn=03601234&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-19 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A nonparametric/parametric analysis of the Universal Soil Loss Equation AN - 51957393; 2003-055784 AB - Due to its modest data demands and transparent model structure, the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) remains the most popular tool for water erosion hazard assessment. However, the model has several shortcomings, two of which are likely to have prominent implications for the model results. First, the mathematical form of the USLE, the multiplication of six factors, easily leads to large errors whenever one of the input data is misspecified. Second, the USLE has a modest correlation between observed soil losses and model calculations, even with the same data that was used for its calibration. This raises questions about its mathematical model structure and the robustness of the assumed parameter values that are implicitly assigned to the model. This paper, therefore, analyzes if the USLE could benefit from mathematical model transformations that, on one hand, mitigate the impact of incorrect input factors and, on the other hand, result in a better fit between model results and observed soil losses. For the analysis, we revisit the original data set and consider the USLE factors as variables rather than their common interpretation as parameters. We first use both nonparametric and parametric techniques to test the robustness of the implicit parameter assignments in the USLE equation. Next, we postulate alternative mathematical forms and use parametric test statistics to evaluate parameter significance and model fit. A tenfold cross-validation of the model with the best fit tests the sensitivity of the parameters for inclusion or exclusion of the data. The results show that the USLE model is not very robust, however, only slight model improvements are obtained by drastic modifications of its functional form, thereby sacrificing the simple model structure that was intended by its designers. JF - Catena (Giessen) AU - Sonneveld, B G J S AU - Nearing, M A Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 9 EP - 21 PB - Elsevier VL - 52 IS - 1 SN - 0341-8162, 0341-8162 KW - soils KW - erosion KW - Universal Soil Loss Equation KW - statistical analysis KW - prediction KW - water erosion KW - mathematical models KW - models KW - physical properties KW - mathematical methods KW - soil erosion KW - regression analysis KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51957393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Catena+%28Giessen%29&rft.atitle=A+nonparametric%2Fparametric+analysis+of+the+Universal+Soil+Loss+Equation&rft.au=Sonneveld%2C+B+G+J+S%3BNearing%2C+M+A&rft.aulast=Sonneveld&rft.aufirst=B+G+J&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Catena+%28Giessen%29&rft.issn=03418162&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0341-8162%2802%2900150-9 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03418162 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 31 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendix N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CIJPD3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - erosion; mathematical methods; mathematical models; models; physical properties; prediction; regression analysis; soil erosion; soils; statistical analysis; Universal Soil Loss Equation; water erosion DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0341-8162(02)00150-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The geologic impact of wildfires in the San Juan Mountains, southwestern Colorado AN - 51792439; 2004-073344 AB - We propose that the geologic impact of wildfire across a landscape be considered in terms of both the history of fire in different ecological settings and the erosional response to fire in these settings. Dating of fire scars and tree ring analyses in the San Juan Mountains has defined both the character of fires and their recurrence intervals. Fire regimes prior to European settlement varied strikingly with elevation and forest type. Lower elevations, occupied primarily by Ponderosa Pine forests, experienced frequent (recurrence intervals of 10 to 20 years), low-severity fires. Higher elevations, occupied primarily by spruce-fir communities, experienced infrequent (recurrence intervals of 300 to 500 years), but high severity, stand-replacing fires. Open forest structures were maintained in the lower elevations, while higher elevations demonstrated a patch mosaic with stands of variable ages. The character of fire in the San Juans changed abruptly around 1880 with the advent of European settlement and concurrent introduction of grazing animals. In the lower and mid-elevations, grazing removed the fine herbaceous vegetation and impaired the spread of low intensity surface fires, leading to fuel accumulations. The exclusion of fire in these settings has resulted in unprecedented fuel loadings and increased stand densities, the consequences of which are just now being felt with the occurrence of extensive, high-severity fires in these settings. The 2002 Missionary Ridge fire, which burned 29,184 hectares across a range of elevations, 31% of it at high severity, reflects these changing ecologic conditions. A broad spectrum of erosional responses, ranging from debris flow to sheetflow, has occurred in response to the first summer monsoon season. What we do not know is whether this erosional response is comparable to those in the past, or outside the historic range of variability. Deep incisions into deposits of valley-fill material throughout the burned area have exposed stratigraphies that reveal many past episodes of fire-related deposition. Dating and characterizing the processes for these fire-related events will better define the critical links between fire history and post-fire erosional response. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Cannon, Susan H AU - Romme, William AU - Wu, Rosalind AU - Thurston, Brandon M AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 9 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 35 IS - 5 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - North America KW - degradation KW - geologic hazards KW - erosion KW - human activity KW - elevation KW - agriculture KW - U. S. Rocky Mountains KW - San Juan Mountains KW - vegetation KW - environmental effects KW - fires KW - topography KW - conservation KW - Missionary Ridge KW - Colorado KW - Rocky Mountains KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51792439?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=The+geologic+impact+of+wildfires+in+the+San+Juan+Mountains%2C+southwestern+Colorado&rft.au=Cannon%2C+Susan+H%3BRomme%2C+William%3BWu%2C+Rosalind%3BThurston%2C+Brandon+M%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Cannon&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, Rocky Mountain Section, 55th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; Colorado; conservation; degradation; elevation; environmental effects; erosion; fires; geologic hazards; human activity; Missionary Ridge; North America; Rocky Mountains; San Juan Mountains; topography; U. S. Rocky Mountains; United States; vegetation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exploring Evolution, Ecology, Breeding, Bioinformatics, And Biopreservation AN - 21272997; 5971924 JF - Bioscience AU - Walters, C AD - Research Leader, Plant Germplasm, Preservation Research, USDA-ARS National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation, Fort Collins, CO 80521 Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 524 EP - 525 PB - American Institute of Biological Sciences VL - 53 IS - 5 SN - 0006-3568, 0006-3568 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Breeding KW - Bioinformatics KW - W 30960:Bioinformatics & Computer Applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21272997?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioscience&rft.atitle=Exploring+Evolution%2C+Ecology%2C+Breeding%2C+Bioinformatics%2C+And+Biopreservation&rft.au=Walters%2C+C&rft.aulast=Walters&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=524&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioscience&rft.issn=00063568&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0006-3568%282003%290532.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0006-3568&volume=53&page=524 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Breeding; Bioinformatics DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0006-3568(2003)053<0524:EEEBBA>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The use of selective pharmacological inhibitors to delineate signal transduction pathways activated during complement receptor-mediated degranulation in chicken heterophils AN - 20141367; 8324629 AB - Complement receptors (CRs), along with Fc receptors, play a primary role in the removal of bacterial pathogens in poultry. The binding of serum-opsonized bacteria to CR results in the secretion of both toxic oxygen metabolites and antibacterial granules. We have previously shown that the stimulation of chicken heterophils with serum-opsonized Salmonella enteritidis induced tyrosine kinase-dependent phosphorylation regulated degranulation. In the present studies, we used selective pharmacological inhibitors to investigate the roles of protein tyrosine kinases, phospholipases C and D (PLC and PLD), phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3-K), and the super family of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) on CR-mediated heterophil degranulation. Inhibitors of receptor-linked tyrosine kinases (the tryphostins AG1478 and AG1296) had no attenuating effects on CR-mediated degranulation. However, PP2, a selective inhibitor of the src family of protein tyrosine kinases, and piceatannol, an inhibitor of Syk tyrosine kinases, both significantly attenuated the CR-mediated degranulation. Additionally, the specific inhibitors of PLC, U73122, and PI3-K, LY294002, significantly decreased CR-mediated heterophil degranulation. Two inhibitors of PLD-mediated signaling, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) and 1-butanol, hindered degranulation. Addition of purified PLD restored control levels of degranulation in heterophils in which PLD was inhibited. Lastly, SP600125, a selective inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), inhibited degranulation; whereas neither PD98059, the inhibitor of p38 MAPK, nor SB203580, the inhibitor of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, had any effect on CR-mediated heterophil degranulation. These studies demonstrate that CRs on chicken heterophils lack intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity, but that binding of serum-opsonized bacteria activates both proximal tyrosine kinases (src and Syk kinases), but differentially activates downstream tyrosine kinases (JNK, but not p38 nor ERK). Activation of src and Syk kinases plays a significant role in signal transduction of heterophil degranulation probably by stimulating downstream phosphorylation of PLC, PLD, and PI3-K. PI3-K has also been recently shown to be an upstream mediator of JNK activation, suggesting that this enzyme can induce signaling as both a lipid kinase and protein kinase. Engaging CRs on chicken heterophils activates a proximal tyrosine kinase (src and Syk kinases)->PLC (PLD)->PI3-K->JNK signal transduction pathway that induces degranulation. JF - International Immunopharmacology AU - Kogut, Michael H AU - Lowry, Virginia K AU - Farnell, Morgan AD - USDA-ARS, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA, kogut@ffsru.tamu.edu Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 693 EP - 706 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 3 IS - 5 SN - 1567-5769, 1567-5769 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - Pharmacological inhibitors KW - Complement receptor KW - Chicken heterophils KW - Granules KW - Poultry KW - phosphatidylinositol KW - Phospholipase C KW - Phospholipase D KW - heterophils KW - Metabolites KW - Salmonella enteritidis KW - Extracellular signal-regulated kinase KW - 1-Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase KW - Phosphorylation KW - Degranulation KW - Protein-tyrosine kinase KW - piceatannol KW - Complement receptors KW - Lipid kinase KW - MAP kinase KW - c-Jun amino-terminal kinase KW - double prime Fc receptors KW - Enzymes KW - Pathogens KW - Syk protein KW - Oxygen KW - Src protein KW - Signal transduction KW - F 06955:Immunomodulation & Immunopharmacology KW - J 02340:Antibiotics & Antimicrobials UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20141367?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Immunopharmacology&rft.atitle=The+use+of+selective+pharmacological+inhibitors+to+delineate+signal+transduction+pathways+activated+during+complement+receptor-mediated+degranulation+in+chicken+heterophils&rft.au=Kogut%2C+Michael+H%3BLowry%2C+Virginia+K%3BFarnell%2C+Morgan&rft.aulast=Kogut&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=693&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Immunopharmacology&rft.issn=15675769&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1567-5769%2803%2900057-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Granules; Poultry; MAP kinase; Lipid kinase; c-Jun amino-terminal kinase; double prime Fc receptors; phosphatidylinositol; Phospholipase C; heterophils; Phospholipase D; Enzymes; Metabolites; Pathogens; Syk protein; Oxygen; Extracellular signal-regulated kinase; 1-Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; Phosphorylation; Degranulation; Protein-tyrosine kinase; Src protein; piceatannol; Complement receptors; Signal transduction; Salmonella enteritidis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1567-5769(03)00057-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Urban Forestry: The Final Frontier? AN - 19891514; 5648529 AB - Forestry and urban forestry have more in common than practitioners in either field may think. The two disciplines could each take better advantage of the other's expertise, such as foresters' impressive range of scientific theory and technological sophistication, and urban foresters' experience in working with diverse stakeholders in the public arena. The wildland-urban interface is geographic center of convergence, and the nexus of forest ecology and human ecology will become forestry's next frontier-where forestry and urban forestry join together to construct healthier habitats for humans. JF - Journal of Forestry AU - McPherson, E G AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8587, USA, egmcpherson@ucdavis.edu Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 20 EP - 25 VL - 101 IS - 3 SN - 0022-1201, 0022-1201 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Human Population KW - Forest management KW - Forestry KW - Urban environments KW - Technology KW - M1 320:Environmental & Natural Resource Development KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19891514?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Forestry&rft.atitle=Urban+Forestry%3A+The+Final+Frontier%3F&rft.au=McPherson%2C+E+G&rft.aulast=McPherson&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=20&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Forestry&rft.issn=00221201&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Forest management; Technology; Urban environments; Forestry ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Composition and element solubility of magnetic and non-magnetic fly ash fractions AN - 19593942; 5586211 AB - Magnetic and non-magnetic fractions of coal fly ashes from SE US electric power plants were characterized with special emphasis on the potential environmental consequences of their terrestrial disposal. Quartz and mullite were the crystalline minerals dominating the non-magnetic fractions. Magnetic fractions contained magnetite, hematite, and, to a lesser extent, quartz and mullite. Chemical analyses revealed that magnetic fractions had about 10 times higher concentrations of Fe, and 2-4 times higher concentrations of Co, Ni, and Mn. Non-magnetic fractions were enriched in K, Al and Ca. Iron content within fly ash particles was negatively correlated with elements associated with aluminosilicate matrix (Si, Al, K, Na). Solubility of most elements was higher in the non-magnetic than in the magnetic fractions of alkaline fly ashes at comparable pH. Calcium was associated with the non-magnetic fraction of the alkaline fly ashes which resulted in a higher pH buffering capacity of this fraction. Non-magnetic fractions of alkaline fly ashes have greater value as soil amendments due to a higher liming potential. JF - Environmental Pollution AU - Kukier, U AU - Ishak, C F AU - Sumner, ME AU - Miller, W P AD - Virginia Institute of Technology and State University, Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA, kukieru@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 255 EP - 266 VL - 123 IS - 2 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Fly ash KW - Magnetic fraction KW - Non-magnetic fraction KW - Composition KW - Solubility KW - Chemical composition KW - Calcium KW - Terrestrial environments KW - Liming KW - Coal KW - Soil amendment KW - Quartz KW - Land disposal KW - Power plants KW - Manganese KW - Iron KW - pH effects KW - Minerals KW - Pollution KW - magnetite KW - X 24390:Radioactive Materials KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19593942?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Pollution&rft.atitle=Composition+and+element+solubility+of+magnetic+and+non-magnetic+fly+ash+fractions&rft.au=Kukier%2C+U%3BIshak%2C+C+F%3BSumner%2C+ME%3BMiller%2C+W+P&rft.aulast=Kukier&rft.aufirst=U&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=123&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Pollution&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0269-7491%2802%2900376-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solubility; Calcium; Fly ash; Liming; Coal; Soil amendment; Quartz; Power plants; Minerals; pH effects; Iron; Manganese; Pollution; magnetite; Chemical composition; Terrestrial environments; Land disposal DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00376-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mechanical and thermal properties of starch-filled poly(D,L-lactic acid)/poly(hydroxy ester ether) biodegradable blends AN - 19477647; 8214689 AB - The mechanical, structural, and thermal properties of injection-molded composites of granular cornstarch, poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PDLLA), and poly(hydroxy ester ether) (PHEE) were investigated. These composites had high tensile strengths, ranging from 17 to 66 MPa, at starch loadings of 0-70 wt %. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs of fracture specimens revealed good adhesion between the starch granule and the polymer matrix, as evidenced by broken starch granules. The adhesion of the starch granules to the polymer matrix was the greatest when the matrix PDLLA/PHEE ratios ranged from zero to unity. At a PDLLA/PHEE ratio of less than unity, as the starch content increased in the composites, there was an increase in the tensile strength and modulus, with a concurrent decrease in elongation. The effects of starch on the mechanical properties of starch/PDLLA composites showed that as the starch content of the composite increased, the tensile strength and elongation to break decreased, whereas Young's modulus increased. In contrast, the tensile strength of starch/PHEE composites increased with increasing starch content. JF - Journal of Applied Polymer Science AU - Garlotta, Donald AU - Doane, William AU - Shogren, Randal AU - Lawton, John AU - Willett, J L AD - Plant Polymer Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, Illinois, 61604, lawtonjw@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 1775 EP - 1786 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Baffins Lane Chichester W. Sussex PO19 1UD UK, [mailto:customer@wiley.co.uk], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 88 IS - 7-8 SN - 0021-8995, 0021-8995 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Granules KW - Elongation KW - Scanning electron microscopy KW - Fractures KW - Tensile strength KW - Ethers KW - Starch KW - Esters KW - Mechanical properties KW - W 30935:Food Biotechnology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19477647?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Polymer+Science&rft.atitle=Mechanical+and+thermal+properties+of+starch-filled+poly%28D%2CL-lactic+acid%29%2Fpoly%28hydroxy+ester+ether%29+biodegradable+blends&rft.au=Garlotta%2C+Donald%3BDoane%2C+William%3BShogren%2C+Randal%3BLawton%2C+John%3BWillett%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Garlotta&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=7-8&rft.spage=1775&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Polymer+Science&rft.issn=00218995&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fapp.11736 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Granules; Scanning electron microscopy; Elongation; Fractures; Tensile strength; Ethers; Esters; Starch; Mechanical properties DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.11736 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantifying the relationship between disease severity and the amount of Aphanomyces euteiches detected in roots of alfalfa and pea with a real-time PCR assay AN - 19298410; 7912525 AB - A real-time PCR assay was used to quantify the relationship in alfalfa and pea between disease severity and the amount of Aphanomyces euteiches detected in roots. The study included isolates of race 1 and race 2 of the alfalfa pathovar of A. euteiches and an isolate obtained from diseased pea. Spearman rank correlations between pathogen DNA content and disease severity index (DSI) ratings were positive ( Delta #> 0.57) and significant (P Delta # 0.0007) for individual alfalfa plants, bulked alfalfa plant samples, and individual pea plants. In all experiments, significantly more pathogen was detected in susceptible populations than in resistant populations. The results clearly demonstrate that resistance to A. euteiches in both alfalfa and pea is characterized by a reduction in pathogen colonization relative to levels observed for susceptible reactions. The assay was very specific for A. euteiches, producing very linear assays with DNA extracted from pathogen isolates obtained from alfalfa, pea, and bean. Possible applications of the assay in conjunction with other real-time PCR assays specific to other legume pathogens are discussed in relation to simultaneous disease screening for multiple plant pathogens and the study of microbial population dynamics in mixed plant infections. JF - Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection AU - Vandemark, G J AU - Barker, B M AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service Vegetable and Forage Crop Research Unit 24106 N. Bunn Road Prosser WA 99350 USA. Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 81 EP - 93 PB - Taylor & Francis, 11 New Fetter Lane London EC4P 4EE UK, [mailto:info@tandf.co.uk], [URL:http://www.tandf.co.uk] VL - 36 IS - 2 SN - 0323-5408, 0323-5408 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Aphanomyces euteiches KW - Colonization KW - Plant diseases KW - Plant protection KW - Legumes KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Roots KW - Pathogens KW - Population dynamics KW - Infection KW - Beans KW - A 01300:Methods KW - K 03420:Plant Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19298410?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Phytopathology+and+Plant+Protection&rft.atitle=Quantifying+the+relationship+between+disease+severity+and+the+amount+of+Aphanomyces+euteiches+detected+in+roots+of+alfalfa+and+pea+with+a+real-time+PCR+assay&rft.au=Vandemark%2C+G+J%3BBarker%2C+B+M&rft.aulast=Vandemark&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Phytopathology+and+Plant+Protection&rft.issn=03235408&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F03235400310001595720 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Colonization; Plant diseases; Plant protection; Legumes; Roots; Polymerase chain reaction; Pathogens; Infection; Population dynamics; Beans; Aphanomyces euteiches DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03235400310001595720 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Responses of seedling growth to daytime or continuous elevation of carbon dioxide AN - 19218314; 5788644 AB - In some studies of ecosystem responses to elevated carbon dioxide, supplemental carbon dioxide is supplied only during the daytime, while in others it is supplied continuously. The purpose of my work was to determine for several species whether seedling growth differed depending on whether carbon dioxide was elevated only during the daytime or continuously. Acer rubrum, Amaranthus retroflexus, Glycine max, Medicago sativa, and Quercus prinus were grown in controlled environment chambers with 700 mu mol mol super(-1) [CO sub(2)] during the daytime and either 350 or 700 mu mol mol super(-1) [CO sub(2)] at night. For the herbaceous species A. retroflexus, G. max, and M. sativa, a comparison was made between responses to the [CO sub(2)] treatments under constant temperatures and responses with a day/night temperature difference. In all of these species and for all temperature regimes, plant growth differed significantly depending on whether [CO sub(2)] was elevated continuously or only in the daytime. With continuous elevation of [CO sub(2)], biomass at the final harvest ranged from 0.46 to 1.45 times as much as for daytime elevation of [CO sub(2)], depending on species. In each of the species examined, the response to the night [CO sub(2)] treatment was opposite for regimes with constant compared with diurnally varying temperatures. The results indicate that seedling growth often responds to the [CO sub(2)] at night when daytime [CO sub(2)] is elevated. JF - International Journal of Plant Sciences AU - Bunce, JA AD - Alternate Crops and Systems Laboratory, B-001, USDA-ARS Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA, buncej@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 377 EP - 382 VL - 164 IS - 3 SN - 1058-5893, 1058-5893 KW - Red maple KW - soybean KW - Chestnut oak KW - Alfalfa KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Growth KW - Quercus prinus KW - Seedlings KW - Acer rubrum KW - Glycine max KW - Medicago sativa KW - D 04625:Plants - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19218314?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Plant+Sciences&rft.atitle=Responses+of+seedling+growth+to+daytime+or+continuous+elevation+of+carbon+dioxide&rft.au=Bunce%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Bunce&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=164&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=377&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Plant+Sciences&rft.issn=10585893&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acer rubrum; Glycine max; Quercus prinus; Medicago sativa; Seedlings; Growth ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water requirements of subsurface drip-irrigated faba bean in California AN - 18928879; 5629853 AB - A 3-year study was done in central California to determine the water requirements for growing faba bean (Vicia faba L.) as a winter cover crop using subsurface drip irrigation (SDI). Water was applied at 0, 50, and 100% of the estimated crop evapotranspiration (ET sub(c)) the first 2 years and 50, 100, and 150% ET sub(c) the third year, with drip laterals installed 0.30, 0.45, or 0.60 m deep. Rainfall was above normal the first year (>330 mm) and irrigation had no effect on crop production. Irrigation improved production and water-use efficiency the following years, however. Production was higher when drip laterals were located at 0.30 or 0.45 m than at 0.60 m depth, even though roots tended to be concentrated near the laterals (later in the season) regardless of depth. Overall, well-irrigated faba bean required 231-297 mm of water to produce 3.0-4.4 t ha super(-1) of dry vegetative biomass. JF - Irrigation Science AU - Bryla AU - Banuelos, G S AU - Mitchell, J P AD - Water Management Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 9611 S. Riverbend Ave., 93648, Parlier, CA, USA, dbryla@fresno.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 31 EP - 37 PB - Springer-Verlag, [URL:http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00271/bibs/3022 001/30220031.htm] VL - 22 IS - 1 SN - 0342-7188, 0342-7188 KW - USA, California KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Subsurface Irrigation KW - Experimental Data KW - Cover Crops KW - Crop Production KW - Irrigation Requirements KW - Cultivated Lands KW - Drip Irrigation KW - Application Rates KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18928879?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irrigation+Science&rft.atitle=Water+requirements+of+subsurface+drip-irrigated+faba+bean+in+California&rft.au=Bryla%3BBanuelos%2C+G+S%3BMitchell%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Bryla&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Irrigation+Science&rft.issn=03427188&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00271-003-0065-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Subsurface Irrigation; Experimental Data; Crop Production; Cover Crops; Irrigation Requirements; Cultivated Lands; Drip Irrigation; Application Rates DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00271-003-0065-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vectors, viscin, and Viscaceae: mistletoes as parasites, mutualists, and resources AN - 18894066; 5756640 AB - Mistletoes are aerial, hemiparasitic plants found on trees throughout the world. They have unique ecological arrangements with the host plants they parasitize and the birds that disperse their seeds. Similar in many respects to vector-borne macroparasites, mistletoes are often detrimental to their hosts, and can even kill them. Coevolution has led to resistance mechanisms in hosts and specialization by mistletoes. Birds act as "disease vectors" for the mistletoe host in a mutualistic relationship. To disperse their seeds, mistletoes attract and manipulate their avian vectors in ways that are typical of both plants (offering a fruit reward) and parasites (changing vector behavior once they have been ingested). Mistletoes are important elements of the landscape that influence the spatial distribution of ecosystem resources. Their patchy distribution and complex interactions make their biology intriguing and their management and conservation challenging. JF - Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment AU - Aukema, JE AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512-9193, USA, jaukema@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 212 EP - 219 VL - 1 IS - 4 SN - 1540-9295, 1540-9295 KW - Birds KW - mistletoes KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18894066?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+Ecology+and+the+Environment&rft.atitle=Vectors%2C+viscin%2C+and+Viscaceae%3A+mistletoes+as+parasites%2C+mutualists%2C+and+resources&rft.au=Aukema%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Aukema&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=212&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Frontiers+in+Ecology+and+the+Environment&rft.issn=15409295&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Uterine Response to Infectious Bacteria in Estrous Cyclic Ewes AN - 18871553; 5702398 AB - Luteal-phase uteri are susceptible to infections, and PGE sub(2) and exogenous progesterone can down-regulate, whereas PGE sub(2 alpha ) can up-regulate, uterine immune functions. Uteri of follicular- or luteal-phase ewes were inoculated with either saline or bacteria (Arcanobacterium pyogenes and Escherichia coli). Vena caval blood was collected for the next 3 days, and progesterone, PGE sub(2), and PGF sub(2 alpha ) were measured. The effects of 10 super(-7) M PGE sub(2) (Experiment 1), 10 super(-7) M PGF sub(2 alpha ) (Experiment 2), 10 super(-7) M indomethacin (INDO), and diluent on proliferation of lymphocytes from the vena caval blood in response to mitogens was quantified. Experiment 1: Progesterone was greater (P < 0.01) in luteal than in follicular ewes (3.4 versus 0.4 ng/mL), and only luteal ewes inoculated with bacteria developed infections. Lymphocyte proliferation was least (P = 0.08) in follicular ewes (2.6 versus 4.5 pmol for follicular and luteal, respectively). Concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated proliferation was less (P < 0.05) for ewes inoculated with bacteria and for cells cultured with diluent (5.9 versus 3.1 pmol for saline and bacteria, respectively) or with INDO (6.6 versus 2.8 pmol for saline and bacteria, respectively). Also, Con A-stimulated lymphocytes from ewes inoculated with bacteria tended to proliferate less (P < 0.1) when cultured with PGE sub(2) (4.9 versus 3.7 pmol for saline and bacteria, respectively) or PGE sub(2) + INDO (5.5 versus 3.8 pmol for saline and bacteria, respectively). Experiment 2: Progesterone was greater (P < 0.01) in luteal than in follicular ewes (6.5 versus 1.2 ng/mL), and only luteal ewes inoculated with bacteria developed infections. Con A-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation was greater (P < 0.001) for follicular ewes (4.1 versus 3.1 pmol for follicular and luteal, respectively). Proliferation of lymphocytes collected from follicular ewes was greater (P < 0.01) when cells were cultured with PGF sub(2 alpha ) (3.5 versus 2.7 pmol for follicular and luteal, respectively), but INDO did not affect unstimulated or mitogen-stimulated proliferation. Prostaglandin F sub(2 alpha ) enhanced lymphocyte proliferation, whereas bacterial inoculation and in vitro treatment with PGE sub(2) suppressed lymphocyte proliferation. This may signify the involvement of bacterial products and prostaglandins in regulation of uterine immunity. JF - American Journal of Reproductive Immunology AU - Seals, R C AU - Wulster-Radcliffe, M C AU - Lewis, G S AD - USDA-ARS, US Sheep Experiment Station, HC 62, Box 2010, Dubois, ID 83423, USA, gslewis@pw.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 269 EP - 278 VL - 49 IS - 5 SN - 8755-8920, 8755-8920 KW - concanavalin A KW - prostaglandins KW - sheep KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms KW - F 06837:Animal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18871553?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Reproductive+Immunology&rft.atitle=Uterine+Response+to+Infectious+Bacteria+in+Estrous+Cyclic+Ewes&rft.au=Seals%2C+R+C%3BWulster-Radcliffe%2C+M+C%3BLewis%2C+G+S&rft.aulast=Seals&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=269&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Reproductive+Immunology&rft.issn=87558920&rft_id=info:doi/10.1034%2Fj.1600-0897.2003.00039.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0897.2003.00039.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alginate gene expression by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 in host and non-host plants AN - 18867291; 5706383 AB - Pseudomonas syringae produces the exopolysaccharide alginate, a copolymer of mannuronic and guluronic acid. Although alginate has been isolated from plants infected by P. syringae, the signals and timing of alginate gene expression in planta have not been described. In this study, an algD::uidA transcriptional fusion, designated pDCalgDP, was constructed and used to monitor alginate gene expression in host and non-host plants inoculated with P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000. When leaves of susceptible collard plants were spray-inoculated with DC3000(pDCalgDP), algD was activated within 72 h post-inoculation (p.i.) and was associated with the development of water-soaked lesions. In leaves of the susceptible tomato cv. Rio Grande-PtoS, algD activity was lower than in collard and was not associated with water-soaking. The expression of algD was also monitored in leaves of tomato cv. Rio Grande-PtoR, which is resistant to P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Within 12 h p.i., a microscopic hypersensitive response (micro-HR) was observed in Rio Grande-PtoR leaves spray-inoculated with P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000(pDCalgDP). As the HR progressed, histochemical staining indicated that individual bacterial cells on the surface of resistant tomato leaves were expressing algD. These results indicate that algD is expressed in both susceptible (e.g. collard, tomato) and resistant (Rio Grande-PtoR) host plants. The expression of algD in an incompatible host-pathogen interaction was further explored by monitoring transcriptional activity in leaves of tobacco, which is not a host for P. syringae pv. tomato. In tobacco inoculated with DC3000(pDCalgDP), an HR was evident within 12 h p.i., and algD expression was evident within 8-12 h p.i. However, when tobacco was inoculated with an hrcC mutant of DC3000, the HR did not occur and algD expression was substantially lower. These results suggest that signals that precede the HR may stimulate alginate gene expression in P. syringae. Histochemical staining with nitro blue tetrazolium indicated that the superoxide anion (O super(-) sub(2)) is a signal for algD activation in planta. This study indicates that algD is expressed when P. syringae attempts to colonize both susceptible and resistant plant hosts. JF - Microbiology AU - Keith, R C AU - Keith, LMW AU - Hernandez-Guzman, G AU - Uppalapati AU - Bender, CL AD - Pacific Basin Tropical Plant Genetic Resource Management Unit, USDA-ARS, PO Box 4487, Hilo, HI 96720, USA, cbender@okstate.edu Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 1127 EP - 1138 VL - 149 IS - 5 SN - 1350-0872, 1350-0872 KW - algD gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18867291?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbiology&rft.atitle=Alginate+gene+expression+by+Pseudomonas+syringae+pv.+tomato+DC3000+in+host+and+non-host+plants&rft.au=Keith%2C+R+C%3BKeith%2C+LMW%3BHernandez-Guzman%2C+G%3BUppalapati%3BBender%2C+CL&rft.aulast=Keith&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=149&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbiology&rft.issn=13500872&rft_id=info:doi/10.1099%2Fmic.0.26109-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.26109-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oxidative burst mediated by toll like receptors (TLR) and CD14 on avian heterophils stimulated with bacterial toll agonists AN - 18844296; 5617049 AB - Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA), which are found in the cell walls of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, respectively. This study was conducted to determine if TLRs are present on chicken heterophils and if these receptors mediate oxidative burst. Heterophils isolated from neonatal chicks were exposed to gram-negative Salmonella enteritidis (SE), gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (SA), SE-LPS, and SA-LTA and the oxidative burst quantitated by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. SE, SA, SE-LPS, and SA-LTA stimulated a significant increase in oxidative burst from heterophils. Furthermore, we measured the inhibitory effects of polyclonal antibodies on rat CD14, human TLR2 and TLR4 on the oxidative burst of heterophils when stimulated with LPS and LTA. The data suggest that TLR2 and TLR4 mediate LPS-stimulated oxidative burst while CD14 and TLR2 mediate LTA-stimulated oxidative burst in heterophils. This is the first report of PAMPs from gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria interacting with TLRs of avian heterophils. JF - Developmental & Comparative Immunology AU - Farnell, M B AU - Crippen, T L AU - He, Haiqi AU - Swaggerty, CL AU - Kogut, M H AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA, kogut@ffsru.tamu.edu Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 423 EP - 429 VL - 27 IS - 5 SN - 0145-305X, 0145-305X KW - CD14 antigen KW - TLR2 protein KW - TLR4 protein KW - chickens KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18844296?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Developmental+%26+Comparative+Immunology&rft.atitle=Oxidative+burst+mediated+by+toll+like+receptors+%28TLR%29+and+CD14+on+avian+heterophils+stimulated+with+bacterial+toll+agonists&rft.au=Farnell%2C+M+B%3BCrippen%2C+T+L%3BHe%2C+Haiqi%3BSwaggerty%2C+CL%3BKogut%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Farnell&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=423&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Developmental+%26+Comparative+Immunology&rft.issn=0145305X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Different food sources affect the gustatory response of Anaphes iole, an egg parasitoid of Lygus spp. AN - 18826629; 5699996 AB - The gustatory response of female Anaphes iole wasps to naturally occurring carbohydrates, a commercial food source, and host (Lygus lineolaris) frass was determined. Wasps responded to all 14 of the sugars at the highest concentration tested (2 M). At this concentration, sucrose, glucose, maltose, melezitose, fructose, and erlose all elicited >90% acceptance. The lowest concentration that evoked a response (=acceptance threshold) for these sugars was 1/4 M, with the exception of raffinose, which was 1/256 M. In trials with moderately stimulatory sugars combined with either sucrose or maltose, only the rhamnose+maltose mixture significantly inhibited the gustatory response of A. iole. Food and water deprived parasitoids readily accepted the moderately stimulatory sugars. Eliminade super(TM), a commercial food supplement, was readily accepted (92%) by A. iole. Conversely, the wasps did not feed on host frass. Chemical analysis of L. lineolaris frass demonstrated the presence of glucose, sucrose, fructose, trehalulose, and melezitose, apparently at concentrations below those perceived by A. iole. The latter two compounds were previously known only from homopteran honeydew (trehalulose and melezitose) and bacteria (trehalulose). With respect to gustatory response to nectar and honeydew sugars, A. iole differs markedly from other hymenopterans that have been studied in that this parasitoid accepted all the naturally occurring sugars with which it was tested. Moreover, this parasitoid had lower acceptance thresholds than other hymenopterans for many of the sugars. This broad and sensitive range of gustatory perception might be helpful in the development of a food source for the wasp that is not exploited by the host. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Beach, J P AU - Williams, L III AU - Hendrix, D L AU - Price, L D AD - USDA-ARS, Southern Insect Management Research Unit, P.O. Box 346, Stoneville, MS 38776-0346, USA, lwilliams@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 1203 EP - 1222 VL - 29 IS - 5 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Fairyflies KW - Hymenoptera KW - frass KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - Z 05199:Feeding KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18826629?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Different+food+sources+affect+the+gustatory+response+of+Anaphes+iole%2C+an+egg+parasitoid+of+Lygus+spp.&rft.au=Beach%2C+J+P%3BWilliams%2C+L+III%3BHendrix%2C+D+L%3BPrice%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Beach&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1203&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reactions in the annual Medicago spp. core germ plasm collection to Phoma medicaginis AN - 18805397; 5675359 AB - The annual Medicago spp. core collection, consisting of 201 accessions, represents the genetic diversity inherent in 3,159 accessions from 36 annual Medicago spp. This germ plasm was evaluated for resistance to spring black stem and leaf spot caused by Phoma medicaginis. Spring black stem and leaf spot is a major destructive disease in perennial alfalfa (Medicago sativa) grown in North America, Europe, and other temperate regions. Disease control is based principally on the use of cultivars with moderate levels of resistance. Evaluation of the core collection was conducted using standardized environmental conditions in growth chambers, and included the M. sativa standard reference cultivars Ramsey (resistant) and Ranger (susceptible). The degree of resistance found among accessions within species was variable, but most annual species and accessions were susceptible. Most accessions from 10 species exhibited high disease resistance. These included accessions of M. constricta, M. doliata, M. heyniana, M. laciniata, M. lesinsii, M. murex, M. orbicularis, M. praecox, M. soleirolii, and M. tenoreana. Most of the accessions within M. arabica, M. minima, M. lanigera, M. rotata, M. rugosa, M. sauvagei, and M. scutellata were highly susceptible. Disease reactions among some accessions within species were highly variable. On a 0-to-5 disease severity scale, ratings ranged from 0.67 (PI 566873) to 4.29 (PI 566883) within accessions of M. polymorpha. Most of the M. truncatula accessions were susceptible, with a mean of 3.74. Resistant reactions were similar to those found in incompatible interactions with P. medicaginis and alfalfa, which have been associated with specific genes leading to the production of isoflavonoid phytoalexins. The large genetic variability in annual Medicago spp. offers potential for locating and utilizing disease resistance genes through breeding or genetic engineering that will enhance the utilization of Medicago spp. as a forage crop. JF - Plant Disease AU - O'Neill, N R AU - Bauchan, G R AU - Samac, DA AD - USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, oneilln@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 557 EP - 562 VL - 87 IS - 5 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Alfalfa KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01028:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18805397?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Reactions+in+the+annual+Medicago+spp.+core+germ+plasm+collection+to+Phoma+medicaginis&rft.au=O%27Neill%2C+N+R%3BBauchan%2C+G+R%3BSamac%2C+DA&rft.aulast=O%27Neill&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=557&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antiserum to recombinant virus coat protein detects Rupestris stem pitting associated virus in grapevines AN - 18805349; 5675352 AB - Rupestris stem pitting (RSP) is the most widespread virus disease of grapevines. The genome of Rupestris stem pitting associated virus (RSPaV), the putative causal agent of RSP, was recently sequenced. Until recently, the only method to diagnose RSP was biological indexing on woody indicator plants, a process that takes 2 to 3 years to complete. This study reports on the production of a polyclonal antiserum to a recombinant coat protein of RSPaV. The antiserum was used effectively to detect RSPaV from various genotypes and tissues of grapevines by Western blot and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Virus antigens were consistently detected in the cambium of dormant canes and in actively growing leaves of grapevines. Moreover, plants of Vitis rupestris 'St. George', the standard biological indicator for RSP, tested positive for RSPaV. The serological methods developed in this study are advantageous as compared with biological indexing because they are more rapid, less expensive, as reliable, and more suitable for assays of a large number of samples. JF - Plant Disease AU - Meng, B AU - Credi, R AU - Petrovic, N AU - Tomazic, I AU - Gonsalves, D AD - Department of Plant Pathology, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva 14456-0462, USA, dgonsalves@pbarc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 515 EP - 522 VL - 87 IS - 5 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - A 01028:Others KW - V 22181:Detection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18805349?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Antiserum+to+recombinant+virus+coat+protein+detects+Rupestris+stem+pitting+associated+virus+in+grapevines&rft.au=Meng%2C+B%3BCredi%2C+R%3BPetrovic%2C+N%3BTomazic%2C+I%3BGonsalves%2C+D&rft.aulast=Meng&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=515&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - First detection of Rupestris stem pitting associated virus particles by antibody to a recombinant coat protein AN - 18804464; 5675351 AB - Rupestris stem pitting associated virus (RSPaV), a member of the genus Foveavirus, is associated with the Rupestris stem pitting component of the Rugose wood (RW) disease complex of grapevines. Heretofore, particles of RSPaV have not been visualized. In this work, flexuous rod particles approximately 723 nm in length were detected in the sap of infected grapevines by immunosorbent electron microscopy (ISEM), using a polyclonal antiserum produced to a re-combinant coat protein of RSPaV. Particles of RSPaV were detected in tissue culture-, greenhouse-, and field-grown grapevines infected with RSPaV, but not in healthy control plants. Detection of virus particles by ISEM corresponded with detection of RSPaV by Western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Virus particles were decorated with the antibodies specific to RSPaV but not with antibodies to Grapevine virus A or Grapevine virus B, two other viruses believed to be associated with RW. This definitive identification of RSPaV particles will help define the etiology of RW. JF - Plant Disease AU - Petrovic, N AU - Meng, B AU - Ravnikar, M AU - Mavric, I AU - Gonsalves, D AD - Department of Plant Pathology, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva 14456-0462, USA, dgonsalves@pbarc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 510 EP - 514 VL - 87 IS - 5 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01028:Others KW - V 22181:Detection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18804464?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=First+detection+of+Rupestris+stem+pitting+associated+virus+particles+by+antibody+to+a+recombinant+coat+protein&rft.au=Petrovic%2C+N%3BMeng%2C+B%3BRavnikar%2C+M%3BMavric%2C+I%3BGonsalves%2C+D&rft.aulast=Petrovic&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=510&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Synthesis and Repellent Efficacy of a New Chiral Piperidine Analog: Comparison with Deet and Bayrepel Activity in Human-Volunteer Laboratory Assays Against Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi AN - 18788631; 5660250 AB - Optically active (1S,2'S)-2-methylpiperidinyl- 3-cyclohexen-1-carboxamide (SS220) is a new synthetic arthropod repellent. A three-step synthesis based on a chiral Diels-Alder reaction and diastereomeric resolution of 2-methylpiperidine was developed to prepare the compound. Quantitative laboratory assays using human volunteers compared the effectiveness of SS220 with the commonly used repellents Deet and Bayrepel against Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and Anopheles stephensi Liston mosquitoes. In two experiments using Aedes aegypti, one using a single identical dose and one with varying doses used to develop a dose-response curve, SS220 was as effective as Deet and both compounds were more effective than Bayrepel. The three compounds were equally effective against An. stephensi. Based on the ease of its synthetic preparation and its repellent efficacy, we surmise that SS220 is a candidate to serve as a new and effective alternate repellent for protection against arthropod disease vectors. JF - Journal of Medical Entomology AU - Klun, JA AU - Khrimian, A AU - Margaryan, A AU - Kramer, M AU - Debboun, M AD - USDA-ARS, PSI, Chemicals Affecting Insect Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705 Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 293 EP - 299 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 40 IS - 3 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Culicidae KW - Diptera KW - Yellow fever mosquito KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Parasites KW - Parasite control KW - Aedes aegypti KW - New products KW - Control programs KW - Chemical control KW - Repellents KW - Anopheles stephensi KW - Hosts KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - Y 25883:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18788631?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.atitle=Synthesis+and+Repellent+Efficacy+of+a+New+Chiral+Piperidine+Analog%3A+Comparison+with+Deet+and+Bayrepel+Activity+in+Human-Volunteer+Laboratory+Assays+Against+Aedes+aegypti+and+Anopheles+stephensi&rft.au=Klun%2C+JA%3BKhrimian%2C+A%3BMargaryan%2C+A%3BKramer%2C+M%3BDebboun%2C+M&rft.aulast=Klun&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-2585%282003%29040%280293%3ASAREOA%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Parasite control; Parasites; New products; Chemical control; Repellents; Hosts; Control programs; Aedes aegypti; Anopheles stephensi DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-2585(2003)040(0293:SAREOA)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rhizobium radiobacter conjugation and callus-independent shoot regeneration used to introduce the cercosporin export gene cfp from Cercospora into sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) AN - 18786280; 5653656 AB - Leaf spot disease caused by Cercospora is responsible for crop and profitability losses in sugar beet crops in the US and worldwide. The cfp gene that encodes a protein that exports phytotoxic cercosporins from Cercospora was conjugally transferred to sugar beet using Rhizobium radiobacter (Agrobacterium tumefaciens), to improve Cercospora-induced leafspot resistance. Conditions for shoot regeneration were optimized to increase regeneration/transformation efficiencies. Low-light and room-temperature conditions were favorable to sugar beet regeneration without callus when cytokinin had been added to the tissue culture medium. Using this procedure adventitious shoots from leaf pieces were obtained in a simple, one-step regeneration procedure. T7, a cfp-transgenic clone verified by PCR with gene-specific primers, is being propagated for leaf spot disease resistance evaluation. JF - Biotechnology Letters AU - Kuykendall, L D AU - Stockett, T M AU - Saunders, J W AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Services, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Plant Science Institute, Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Av., Bldg 004 Rm130, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, kuykendl@ba.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/05/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 01 SP - 739 EP - 744 VL - 25 IS - 9 SN - 0141-5492, 0141-5492 KW - cercosporin KW - cfp gene KW - sugar beet KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - A 01051:Nitrogen cycle KW - W2 32060:Microorganisms KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 320:Cell Culture & Batch Fermentation KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18786280?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.atitle=Rhizobium+radiobacter+conjugation+and+callus-independent+shoot+regeneration+used+to+introduce+the+cercosporin+export+gene+cfp+from+Cercospora+into+sugar+beet+%28Beta+vulgaris+L.%29&rft.au=Kuykendall%2C+L+D%3BStockett%2C+T+M%3BSaunders%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Kuykendall&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=739&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.issn=01415492&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diverse origins of tetracycline resistance in the honey bee bacterial pathogen Paenibacillus larvae AN - 18781935; 5644321 AB - Paenibacillus larvae is the causative agent of the important honey bee larval disease American Foulbrood (AFB). This pathogen has been treated in bee colonies by a single registered antibiotic, oxytetracycline (OTC), for fifty years. Recently, widespread resistance to OTC has been reported. In this study, the degree of antibiotic resistance was contrasted with DNA sequence variation for 125 P. larvae isolates collected in North America. Resistance was uncorrelated with bacterial haplotype, suggesting either that resistance has evolved multiple times in P. larvae or that resistance involves recent horizontal transfer via a non-genomic (e.g., plasmid or conjugal transposon) route. The recency of OTC resistance in P. larvae across this broad survey area underscores the need to manage foulbrood infections carefully and to monitor populations for resistance. JF - Journal of Invertebrate Pathology AU - Evans, J D AD - USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, BARC-East Bldg. 476, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 46 EP - 50 VL - 83 IS - 1 SN - 0022-2011, 0022-2011 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Genetics Abstracts KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18781935?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.atitle=Diverse+origins+of+tetracycline+resistance+in+the+honey+bee+bacterial+pathogen+Paenibacillus+larvae&rft.au=Evans%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=46&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.issn=00222011&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0022-2011%2803%2900039-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2011(03)00039-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Redundancy, synergism, and active inhibitory range of non-host volatiles in reducing pheromone attraction in European spruce bark beetle Ips typographus AN - 18770974; 5646442 AB - Host and habitat selection in flight by conifer bark beetles is governed by inhibition of attraction by non-host volatiles (NHV), in addition to the well-known attraction to kairomones from host plants and to aggregation pheromones from conspecifics. Antennally-active NHV from angiosperm birch and aspen trees were field tested on the European spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus (L.), by pheromone baited traps in Sweden using release rates of NHV comparable to those from a non-host tree. Trap catches were significantly reduced by 50-70% by individual NHV: trans-conophthorin, 3-octanol and 1-octen-3-ol from non-host bark, 1-hexanol and (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol from both leaves and bark and (E)-2-hexen-1-ol from leaves. Combined NHV signals in binary and ternary blends with the same overall release rates (ca 5 mg/day) showed both redundancy and synergism in their inhibitory effects. The redundancy occurred among individual green leaf alcohols (GLV-alcohols or C sub(6)-alcohols), C sub(8)-alcohols, and between these two groups, while trans-conophthorin and verbenone (Vn, from unsuitable host trees) showed significant synergistic effects between each other and with GLV-alcohols or C sub(8)-alcohols. The coexistence of redundancy and synergism in non-host chemical signals may indicate different functional levels (non-host habitats, species, and unsuitable host trees) of these negative volatile signals in the host selection process of conifer bark beetles. We showed an active inhibitory range (AIR) of a NHV-blend plus Vn on a standard pheromone bait to be at least 2 m, by using a central pheromone trap and surrounding concentric barrier trap rings with radii of 1, 2, and 4 m. The influx of bark beetles flying across concentric rings within the AIR was reduced by 55-99%, depending on the distance to the central pipe trap. Our findings support the hypothesis that as mixed forests have greater semiochemical diversity than pure host stands; they disturb olfactory guided host choice, and may reduce the possibility of outbreaks of conifer-infesting bark beetles. The synergistic effects as well as the active inhibitory range found in this study also suggest that optimal combinations of these NHV and verbenone may have potential in protecting forests against I. typographus by reducing or stopping attacks on suitable host trees. Mixed stands with higher semio-chemical diversity disturb olfactory guided host choice and reduce the risk for outbreaks of specialist herbivores. This 'semiochemical-diversity hypothesis' provides new support to the general 'stability-diversity hypothesis'. JF - Oikos AU - Zhang, Qing-He AU - Schlyter, F AD - USDA-ARS Chemicals Affecting Insect Behavior Laboratory, BARC-West, B-007, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, zhangq@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 299 EP - 310 VL - 101 IS - 2 SN - 0030-1299, 0030-1299 KW - Ambrosia beetles KW - Bark beetles KW - Coleoptera KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18770974?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oikos&rft.atitle=Redundancy%2C+synergism%2C+and+active+inhibitory+range+of+non-host+volatiles+in+reducing+pheromone+attraction+in+European+spruce+bark+beetle+Ips+typographus&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Qing-He%3BSchlyter%2C+F&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Qing-He&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=299&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oikos&rft.issn=00301299&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial dynamics and cross-correlation in a transient predator-prey system AN - 18757349; 5628957 AB - 1. We examined spatiotemporal data in a transient, seasonal system involving a specialist predatory beetle, Carcinops pumilio (Erichson), and its prey, larval Musca domestica L. 2. Prior to beetle colonization, larval fly populations were highly spatially structured, but as adult predatory beetles immigrated and colonized the field, the beetles became increasingly clustered at local spatial scales, causing spatial decorrelation in the dynamics of their prey. Larval flies appeared to regain local clustering as beetle abundance approached a carrying capacity with the prey population. 3. During exponential population growth, beetles were generally strongly negatively cross-correlated with their prey at local spatial scales. 4. We were able to simulate these spatially-extended interactions in a predator-prey coupled map lattice model. We used this model to investigate the effects of global and local prey reproduction, in the presence and absence of global stochasticity, on predator and prey spatial structuring and cross-correlation. 5. The work shows in a uniquely detailed fashion how the transition from eruptive pest abundance to regulation by a specialist predator is associated with a transition in spatial structure. JF - Journal of Animal Ecology AU - Tobin, P C AU - Bjoernstad, ON AD - Departments of Entomology and Biology, Pennsylvania State University, 501 ASI Building, University Park, PA 16802-3508, USA, ptobin@biir.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 460 EP - 467 VL - 72 IS - 3 SN - 0021-8790, 0021-8790 KW - Coleoptera KW - Diptera KW - Hister beetles KW - House fly KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18757349?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Animal+Ecology&rft.atitle=Spatial+dynamics+and+cross-correlation+in+a+transient+predator-prey+system&rft.au=Tobin%2C+P+C%3BBjoernstad%2C+ON&rft.aulast=Tobin&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=460&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Animal+Ecology&rft.issn=00218790&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Discordant Phylogenies within the rrn Loci of Rhizobia AN - 18743342; 5618691 AB - It is evident from complete genome sequencing results that lateral gene transfer and recombination are essential components in the evolutionary process of bacterial genomes. Since this has important implications for bacterial systematics, the primary objective of this study was to compare estimated evolutionary relationships among a representative set of alpha - Proteobacteria by sequencing analysis of three loci within their rrn operons. Tree topologies generated with 16S rRNA gene sequences were significantly different from corresponding trees assembled with 23S rRNA gene and internally transcribed space region sequences. Besides the incongruence in tree topologies, evidence that distinct segments along the 16S rRNA gene sequences of bacteria currently classified within the genera Bradyrhizobium, Mesorhizobium and Sinorhizobium have a reticulate evolutionary history was also obtained. Our data have important implications for bacterial taxonomy, because currently most taxonomic decisions are based on comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Since phylogenetic placement based on 16S rRNA gene sequence divergence perhaps is questionable, we suggest that the proposals of bacterial nomenclature or changes in their taxonomy that have been made may not necessarily be warranted. Accordingly, a more conservative approach should be taken in the future, in which taxonomic decisions are based on the analysis of a wider variety of loci and comparative analytical methods are used to estimate phylogenetic relationships among the genomes under consideration. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Van Berkum, P AU - Terefework, Z AU - Paulin, L AU - Suomalainen, S AU - Lindstroem, K AU - Eardly, B D AD - Soybean Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, HH-4, Bldg010, BARC-West, USDA, ARS, 10300 Baltimore Blvd., Beltsville, MD 20705, pberkum@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 2988 EP - 2998 VL - 185 IS - 10 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - Rhizobia KW - rRNA 23S KW - rrn gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Genetics Abstracts KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18743342?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Discordant+Phylogenies+within+the+rrn+Loci+of+Rhizobia&rft.au=Van+Berkum%2C+P%3BTerefework%2C+Z%3BPaulin%2C+L%3BSuomalainen%2C+S%3BLindstroem%2C+K%3BEardly%2C+B+D&rft.aulast=Van+Berkum&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=185&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2988&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJB.185.10.2988-2998.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JB.185.10.2988-2998.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microscale structural aspects of vegetation density variability AN - 18742817; 5621347 AB - Current radiometric remote sensing technology enables high resolution data of vegetation biomass to be obtained in the form of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The present study uses such data to examine the spatial structure of vegetation density at the land surface by wavelet, semivariogram, and spectral analyses. Within the range of 30-800 m, the results show that vegetation density of arable cropland is persistent and can be characterized as a fractal with a dimension of 1.59. Within the same range of distances, vegetation density across a more diverse landscape (including besides cropland, also pasture and savanna) exhibits a fractal dimension of 1.69. In the Southern Great Plains, this range is of the order of the typical size of agricultural fields. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Cosh, M H AU - Brutsaert, W AD - USDA-ARS, Hydrology and Remote Sensing Lab, Rm 104 Building 007, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, mcosh@hydrolab.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 128 EP - 136 VL - 276 IS - 1-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Vegetation KW - Fractal dimension KW - Spectral analysis KW - Variogram KW - Variability KW - Remote Sensing KW - Density KW - Remote sensing KW - Mathematical Analysis KW - Density (see also Low-density) KW - Spatial Distribution KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Fractals KW - Radiometry KW - Distribution (Mathematical) KW - Data Interpretation KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18742817?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Microscale+structural+aspects+of+vegetation+density+variability&rft.au=Cosh%2C+M+H%3BBrutsaert%2C+W&rft.aulast=Cosh&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=276&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=128&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0022-1694%2803%2900068-4 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Radiometry; Distribution (Mathematical); Remote sensing; Density (see also Low-density); Vegetation; Mathematical analysis; Remote Sensing; Fractals; Density; Mathematical Analysis; Spatial Distribution; Data Interpretation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00068-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Canopy attributes of desert grassland and transition communities derived from multiangular airborne imagery AN - 18721615; 5596448 AB - The surface bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) contains valuable information on canopy physiognomy for desert grassland and grass-shrub transition communities. This information may be accessed by inverting a BRDF model against sets of observations, which encompass important variations in viewing and illumination angles. This paper shows that structural canopy attributes can be derived through inversion of the Simple Geometric Model (SGM) of the BRDF developed in this paper. It is difficult to sample BRDF features from the ground because of the discontinuous nature of the canopies and long intrinsic length scales in remotely sensed spectral measures (>10 m). A multispectral digital camera was therefore used to derive spatial multiangular reflectance data sets from the air and the SGM was validated against and inverted with these. It was also validated using 3-D radiosity simulations driven with maps of field-measured plant dimensions. The interpretation of the retrieved parameter maps (shrub density, shrub width and canopy height) reveals variations in canopy structure within desert grassland and grassland-shrubland transition communities, which are clearly related to structural and optical features in high resolution panchromatic and vegetation index images. To our knowledge, this paper reports on the first attempts to acquire structural canopy attributes of desert landscapes using multiple view angle data at scales less than 1 km. The results point to further opportunities to exploit multiangular data from spaceborne sensors such as the Multiangle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) and the Compact High Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (CHRIS) on the NASA Terra and European Space Agency's PROBA satellites, respectively. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - Chopping, MJ AU - Rango, A AU - Havstad, K M AU - Schiebe AU - Ritchie, J C AU - Schmugge, T J AU - French, AN AU - Su, L AU - McKee, L AU - Davis, M R AD - USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, 2995 Knox St. Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA, chopping@pegasus.montclair.edu Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 339 EP - 354 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK VL - 85 IS - 3 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - shrublands KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04130:Arid zones KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18721615?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=Canopy+attributes+of+desert+grassland+and+transition+communities+derived+from+multiangular+airborne+imagery&rft.au=Chopping%2C+MJ%3BRango%2C+A%3BHavstad%2C+K+M%3BSchiebe%3BRitchie%2C+J+C%3BSchmugge%2C+T+J%3BFrench%2C+AN%3BSu%2C+L%3BMcKee%2C+L%3BDavis%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Chopping&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=339&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0034-4257%2803%2900012-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(03)00012-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The influence of seasonal water availability on global C sub(3) versus C sub(4) grassland biomass and its implications for climate change research AN - 18714211; 5600593 AB - Climate-change induced alterations in the global distribution of cool season (C sub(3)) and warm season (C sub(4)) grasses would impact the global carbon cycle and have differing, local effects on range and agricultural production. We hypothesize that a major influence on C sub(3)/C sub(4) distribution may be the seasonal timing of water availability with respect to the different C sub(3) and C sub(4) growing seasons. An algorithm expressing this hypothesis (the SAW hypothesis for Seasonal Availability of Water), estimates C sub(3) versus C sub(4) grass biomass from climate data. Sensitivity analysis indicated that temperatures used to delineate the start and end of the C sub(3) and C sub(4) grass growing seasons were more important than photosynthetic responses to temperature. To evaluate the SAW hypothesis, this algorithm was applied globally on a 1 degree x1 degree latitude-longitude grid. When compared with vegetation survey data at 141 locations in North America, Argentina, Australia, and South Africa, SAW algorithm predictions yielded an R super(2) of 0.71. Error resulted primarily from comparing large grid cells to plot data, interannual variability of climate, and from gridding measured climate to data-sparse locations with a single lapse rate of air temperature with elevation. Application of the SAW algorithm to a climate change scenario suggested that changes in temperature and precipitation patterns could offset C sub(3) photosynthetic advantages offered by elevated atmospheric CO sub(2) concentrations. These results underscored the importance of accurately representing the timing and spatial distribution as well as the magnitude of temperature and precipitation in scenarios of future climate. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Winslow, J C AU - Hunt, ER Jr AU - Piper, S C AD - USDA ARS, Plant Stress and Water Conservation Laboratory, Lubbock, TX 79415, USA, jwinslow@lbk.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 153 EP - 173 VL - 163 IS - 1-2 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - D 04110:Grasslands UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18714211?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=The+influence+of+seasonal+water+availability+on+global+C+sub%283%29+versus+C+sub%284%29+grassland+biomass+and+its+implications+for+climate+change+research&rft.au=Winslow%2C+J+C%3BHunt%2C+ER+Jr%3BPiper%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Winslow&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=163&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0304-3800%2802%2900415-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(02)00415-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 by using a multiplex real-time PCR assay for genes encoding intimin and Shiga toxins AN - 18708512; 5600563 AB - A multiplex real-time PCR (R-PCR) assay was designed and evaluated on the ABI 7700 sequence detection system (TaqMan) to detect enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 in pure cultures, feces, and tissues. Three sets of primers and fluorogenic probes were used for amplification and real-time detection of a 106-bp region of the eae gene encoding EHEC O157:H7-specific intimin, and 150-bp and 200-bp segments of genes stx1 and stx2 encoding Shiga toxins 1 and 2, respectively. Analysis of 67 bacterial strains demonstrated that the R-PCR assay successfully distinguished EHEC O157:H7 serotype from non-O157 serotypes and provided accurate profiling of genes encoding intimin and Shiga toxins. Bacterial strains lacking these genes were not detected with this assay. The detection range of the R-PCR assay for the three genes was linear over DNA concentrations corresponding from 10 super(3) to 10 super(8) CFU/ml of EHEC O157:H7. The R-PCR allowed construction of standard curves that facilitated quantification of EHEC O157:H7 in feces and intestinal tissues. Detection sensitivity of the R-PCR assay ranged from 10 super(4) to 10 super(8) CFU/g of feces or tissues without enrichment. Enrichment of feces in a non- selective broth for 4 and 16 h resulted in the detection of levels (from 10 super(0) to 10 super(3) CFU/g of feces) considered sufficient for infection in humans. The R- PCR assay for eae sub(O157:H7), stx1, and stx2 proved to be a rapid test for detection of EHEC O157:H7 in complex biological matrices and could also potentially be used for quantification of EHEC O157:H7 in foods or fecal samples. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Sharma, V K AU - Dean-Nystrom, E A AD - Pre-Harvest Food Safety and Enteric Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA 50010, USA, vsharma@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 247 EP - 260 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 93 IS - 3 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - eae gene KW - stx1 gene KW - stx2 gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18708512?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Detection+of+enterohemorrhagic+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+by+using+a+multiplex+real-time+PCR+assay+for+genes+encoding+intimin+and+Shiga+toxins&rft.au=Sharma%2C+V+K%3BDean-Nystrom%2C+E+A&rft.aulast=Sharma&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=247&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1135%2803%2900039-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1135(03)00039-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Engineering lactic acid bacteria with pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase genes for ethanol production from Zymomonas mobilis AN - 18021225; 5967117 AB - Lactic acid bacteria are candidates for engineered production of ethanol from biomass because they are food-grade microorganisms that can, in many cases, metabolize a variety of sugars and grow under harsh conditions. In an effort to divert fermentation from production of lactic acid to ethanol, plasmids were constructed to express pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), encoded by the pdc and adhB genes of Zymomonas mobilis, in lactic acid bacteria. Several strains were transformed with the plasmids, and transcription of pdc and adhB was confirmed by northern hybridization analysis of transformants. PDC and ADH enzyme activities were at least 5- to 10-fold lower in these bacteria compared to Escherichia coli transformed with the same plasmid. Glucose fermentations were carried out, and some, but not all, of the transformed strains produced more ethanol than the untransformed parent strains. However, lactic acid was the primary fermentation product formed by all of the transformants, indicating that ADH and PDC activities were insufficient to divert significant carbon flow towards ethanol. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Nichols, N N AU - Dien, B S AU - Bothast, R J AD - Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service USDA 1815 North University Street Peoria IL 61604 USA Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 315 EP - 321 VL - 30 IS - 5 SN - 1367-5435, 1367-5435 KW - adhB gene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Alcohol dehydrogenase KW - Transcription KW - Lactic acid bacteria KW - Plasmids KW - Zymomonas mobilis KW - pdC gene KW - Pyruvate decarboxylase KW - Ethanol KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18021225?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Engineering+lactic+acid+bacteria+with+pyruvate+decarboxylase+and+alcohol+dehydrogenase+genes+for+ethanol+production+from+Zymomonas+mobilis&rft.au=Nichols%2C+N+N%3BDien%2C+B+S%3BBothast%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Nichols&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=315&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10295-003-0055-z LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Biotransformations and Biocatalysis. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zymomonas mobilis; Lactic acid bacteria; Pyruvate decarboxylase; Ethanol; Alcohol dehydrogenase; Plasmids; Transcription; pdC gene DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10295-003-0055-z ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biosynthesis of medium-chain-length poly(hydroxyalkanoates) with altered composition by mutant hybrid PHA synthases AN - 18005812; 5967118 AB - Pseudomonas resinovorans harbors twoisogenic poly(hydroxyalkanoates) (PHAs) synthase genes (phaC1 sub(Pre), phaC2 sub(Pre)) responsible for the production of intracellular medium-chain-length (mcl-)PHAs. Sequence analysis showed that the putative gene-products of these genes contain a conserved a/ beta -hydrolase fold in the carboxy-terminal half of the proteins. Hybrid genes pha7 and pha8 were constructed by exchanging the a/ beta -hydrolase-fold coding portions of phaC1 sub(Pre) and phaC2 sub(Pre) at the 3' terminal. When grown with decanoate as carbon source, the pha7- or pha8-transformed Escherichia coli LS1298 produced PHAs containing 73-75% beta -hydroxydecanoate ( beta -HD) and 25-27% beta -hydroxyoctanoate ( beta -HO). Deletion mutants, pha7 and pha8, were isolated during the PCR-based construction of pha7 and pha8, respectively. Cells harboring these mutants produced PHAs containing 55-60 mol% beta -HD and 40-45 mol% beta -HO. These results demonstrate the feasibility of generating active hybrid mcl-PHA synthase genes and their mutants with the potential of producing polymers having a varied repeat-unit composition. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Solaiman, DKY AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Wyndmoor PA 19038 USA Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 322 EP - 326 VL - 30 IS - 5 SN - 1367-5435, 1367-5435 KW - beta -hydroxydecanoate KW - beta -hydroxyoctanoate KW - polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Escherichia coli KW - Polyhydroxyalkanoic acid KW - Pseudomonas resinovorans KW - J 02728:Enzymes KW - J 02729:Organic acids KW - W2 32360:Organic acids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18005812?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Biosynthesis+of+medium-chain-length+poly%28hydroxyalkanoates%29+with+altered+composition+by+mutant+hybrid+PHA+synthases&rft.au=Solaiman%2C+DKY&rft.aulast=Solaiman&rft.aufirst=DKY&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=322&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10295-003-0059-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Biotransformations and Biocatalysis. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Polyhydroxyalkanoic acid; Escherichia coli; Pseudomonas resinovorans DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10295-003-0059-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hemicellulose bioconversion AN - 17755148; 5967113 AB - Various agricultural residues, such as corn fiber, corn stover, wheat straw, rice straw, and sugarcane bagasse, contain about 20-40% hemicellulose, the second most abundant polysaccharide in nature. The conversion of hemicellulose to fuels and chemicals is problematic. In this paper, various pretreatment options as well as enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass to fermentable sugars is reviewed. Our research dealing with the pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification of corn fiber and development of novel and improved enzymes such as endoxylanase, beta -xylosidase, and a-l-arabinofuranosidase for hemicellulose bioconversion is described. The barriers, progress, and prospects of developing an environmentally benign bioprocess for large-scale conversion of hemicellulose to fuel ethanol, xylitol, 2,3-butanediol, and other value-added fermentation products are highlighted. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Saha, B C AD - Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service U. S. Department of Agriculture 1815 North University Street Peoria IL 61604 USA Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 279 EP - 291 VL - 30 IS - 5 SN - 1367-5435, 1367-5435 KW - Wheat KW - Rice KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Fermentation KW - Fuels KW - Xylitol KW - biotransformation KW - Triticum aestivum KW - bioconversion KW - Straw KW - Ethanol KW - Oryza sativa KW - hemicellulose KW - Fibers KW - Reviews KW - W2 32580:Fermentation and process engineering KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 320:Cell Culture & Batch Fermentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17755148?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Hemicellulose+bioconversion&rft.au=Saha%2C+B+C&rft.aulast=Saha&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10295-003-0049-x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Biotransformations and Biocatalysis. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Triticum aestivum; Oryza sativa; hemicellulose; Straw; bioconversion; Fuels; Fibers; Xylitol; biotransformation; Fermentation; Ethanol; Reviews DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10295-003-0049-x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A 180,000-year pollen record from Owens Lake, CA: terrestrial vegetation change on orbital scales AN - 17593037; 5657014 AB - Pollen from the upper 90 m of core OL-92 from Owens Lake is a climatically sensitive record of vegetation change that indicates shifts in the plant associations representing warm and cold desertscrub, pinyon-juniper woodland, and pine-fir forest during the past 180,000 years. These changes are synchronized with glacial-interglacial cycles. During glacial and stadial climates, juniper woodland expanded downslope and replaced warm desert shrubs while upper montane and subalpine forests in the arid Inyo Mountains also expanded, and those in the Sierra Nevada were displaced by the ice cap and periglacial conditions. Conversely, during interglacial and interstadial climates, warm desert plants expanded their range in the lowlands, juniper and sagebrush retreated upslope, and montane and subalpine forests expanded in the Sierra Nevada. The reconstructed vegetation history demonstrates a regional climatic response, and the congruence of the pollen sequence with marine and ice cap oxygen isotope stratigraphies suggests a link between regional vegetation and global climate change at orbital scales. JF - Quaternary Research AU - Woolfenden, W B AD - Mountain Heritage Associates, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 429, Lee Vining, CA 93541, USA Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 430 EP - 444 PB - Elsevier Science (USA) VL - 59 IS - 3 SN - 0033-5894, 0033-5894 KW - Holocene KW - Pleistocene KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - M2 551.583:Variations (551.583) KW - D 04680:Paleoecology KW - Q2 02148:Palaeo-studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17593037?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quaternary+Research&rft.atitle=A+180%2C000-year+pollen+record+from+Owens+Lake%2C+CA%3A+terrestrial+vegetation+change+on+orbital+scales&rft.au=Woolfenden%2C+W+B&rft.aulast=Woolfenden&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=430&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Quaternary+Research&rft.issn=00335894&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0033-5894%2803%2900033-4 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0033-5894(03)00033-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bermudagrass Cultivar Response to Swine Effluent Application AN - 17427403; 6536650 AB - Bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] has great potential to recover nutrients due to its pronounced yield response to N. Our objective was to determine differences in forage dry matter (DM) yield, nutrient concentration, and nutrient uptake among diverse bermudagrass cultivars fertilized with swine effluent. Alicia, Brazos, Coastal, Russell, Tifton 44, and Tifton 85 hybrid bermudagrass and common bermudagrass were grown on a Brooksville silty clay loam (fine, smectitic, thermic Aquic Hapludert) and fertilized with effluent to provide 370 and 61 kg ha super(-1) yr super(- 1) N and P, respectively (mean of 3 yr), and on an Atwood silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, thermic Typic Paleudalf) and fertilized to provide 200 and 38 kg ha super(-1) yr super(-1) N and P, respectively. Annual DM yields of Brazos, Coastal, Russell, and Tifton 85 were similar on Brooksville (23.3-24.2 Mg ha super(-1)) and Atwood (12.3-14.1 Mg ha super(-1)) soils. Annual N and P uptake ranged from 422 to 467 kg N ha super(-1) and 50 to 58 kg P ha super(-1) on the Brooksville soil and from 181 to 230 kg N ha super(-1) and 32 to 40 kg P ha super(-1) on the Atwood soil. Common bermudagrass uptake of N and P was similar to or greater than all hybrids except Russell on Atwood soil due to greater herbage N and P concentration. Hybrids generally recovered more K, Cu, and Zn than common bermudagrass. Relatively small differences in nutrient uptake among the bermudagrass cultivars suggest that forage quality, winter hardiness, and establishment cost be given equal consideration when choosing a cultivar. JF - Agronomy Journal AU - Brink, GE AU - Rowe, DE AU - Sistani, K R AU - Adeli, A AD - USDA-ARS, Waste Manage. and Forage Res. Unit, P.O. Box 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762, gebrink@wisc.edu Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 597 EP - 601 VL - 95 IS - 3 SN - 0002-1962, 0002-1962 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agronomy KW - Yield KW - Land Disposal KW - Bermudagrass KW - Absorption KW - Silt KW - Nutrients KW - Effluents KW - Clay Loam KW - Forages KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17427403?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Journal&rft.atitle=Bermudagrass+Cultivar+Response+to+Swine+Effluent+Application&rft.au=Brink%2C+GE%3BRowe%2C+DE%3BSistani%2C+K+R%3BAdeli%2C+A&rft.aulast=Brink&rft.aufirst=GE&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=597&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Journal&rft.issn=00021962&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agronomy; Yield; Land Disposal; Bermudagrass; Absorption; Silt; Nutrients; Effluents; Clay Loam; Forages ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Forage Nutritional Characteristics of Orchardgrass and Perennial Ryegrass at Five Irrigation Levels AN - 17420340; 6536658 AB - As water resources become limiting, the need to produce stable amounts of highly nutritional forage increases. An understanding of how levels of irrigation affect crude protein (CP), digestible neutral detergent fiber (dNDF), in vitro true digestibility (IVTD), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) is critical in pasture forage management. Cultivars of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) were established under a line-source irrigation system to evaluate the effect of five water levels (WLs) and three harvest dates on concentrations of CP, dNDF, IVTD, and NDF. Perennial ryegrass forage had higher CP, dNDF, and IVTD and lower NDF concentrations than orchardgrass at all harvest dates and within WLs. The most notable trend in nutritional value across WLs was the near linear increase in CP ranging from 175 g kg super(-1) at the wettest WL to 217 g kg super(-1) at the driest WL. Digestible NDF ranged from 709 to 757 g kg super(-1) at corresponding WLs. These trends were particularly evident later in the growing season. Orchardgrass maturity (early vs. late) had little effect on forage nutritional characteristics across WLs. Combined over WLs, tetraploid perennial ryegrass cultivars averaged higher concentrations of CP, IVTD, and dNDF and lower NDF values compared with diploid cultivars. In general, as water stress increased, forage nutritional value (i.e., CP and dNDF) increased. JF - Agronomy Journal AU - Jensen, Kevin B AU - Waldron, Blair L AU - Asay, Kay H AU - Johnson, Douglas A AU - Monaco, Thomas A AD - USDA-ARS, Forage and Range Res. Lab., Utah State Univ., Logan, UT 84322-6300, kevin@cc.usu.edu Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 668 EP - 675 VL - 95 IS - 3 SN - 0002-1962, 0002-1962 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Orchardgrass KW - Detergents KW - Irrigation Systems KW - Irrigation KW - Perennial Ryegrass KW - Pastures KW - Forages KW - Water Resources KW - Water Stress KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17420340?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+Journal&rft.atitle=Forage+Nutritional+Characteristics+of+Orchardgrass+and+Perennial+Ryegrass+at+Five+Irrigation+Levels&rft.au=Jensen%2C+Kevin+B%3BWaldron%2C+Blair+L%3BAsay%2C+Kay+H%3BJohnson%2C+Douglas+A%3BMonaco%2C+Thomas+A&rft.aulast=Jensen&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=668&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+Journal&rft.issn=00021962&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Orchardgrass; Irrigation Systems; Detergents; Irrigation; Pastures; Perennial Ryegrass; Water Stress; Water Resources; Forages ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improved nitrogen treatment by constructed wetlands receiving partially nitrified liquid swine manure AN - 16167803; 5780029 AB - Denitrification is more desirable than ammonia volatilization for nitrogen removal from constructed wetlands treating animal manure but is limited by the availability of nitrate/nitrite. The research objective was to determine if partial nitrification of swine wastewater prior to wetland application affects the nitrogen removal and ammonia volatilization from constructed wetlands. From September 2000 through November 2001, partially nitrified and unaltered swine wastewater from an anaerobic waste lagoon were applied to two parallel sets of constructed wetlands (3.6 x 67 m) in North Carolina, USA. Constructed wetlands were more efficient at removing total nitrogen from partially nitrified (64 and 78%) than from unaltered wastewater (32 and 68%). Both wetlands were effective in removing nitrate/nitrite from partially nitrified wastewater. However, the Schoenoplectus-dominated wetland was more effective than the Typha-Echinochloa dominated wetland in removing total (85 vs. 61%) and ammoniacal nitrogen (91 vs. 52%) from both types of wastewater. Only one of eight tests showed significant evidence of ammonia volatilization (2.1 mg nitrogen m super(-2) h super(-1)) when the wastewater was partially nitrified. A correlation (r super(2) = 33%) between ammonia-nitrogen volatilization and ammoniacal nitrogen concentration suggested that partial nitrification reduced ammonia volatilization because it lowered ammoniacal nitrogen of the wastewater. JF - Ecological Engineering AU - Poach, ME AU - Hunt, P G AU - Vanotti, M B AU - Stone, K C AU - Matheny, T A AU - Johnson, M H AU - Sadler, E J AD - United States Department of Agriculture (USDA-ARS), South Atlantic Area, Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, 2611 West Lucas Street, Florence, SC 29501-1241, USA, poach@florence.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 183 EP - 197 VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0925-8574, 0925-8574 KW - artificial wetlands KW - swine KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - USA, North Carolina KW - Barn Wastewater KW - Animal wastes KW - Manure KW - Nitrates KW - Ammonia KW - Artificial Wetlands KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Livestock KW - Nitrogen removal KW - Nitrification KW - Nitrites KW - Echinochloa KW - Wetlands KW - Schoenoplectus KW - Nitrogen KW - P 3000:SEWAGE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16167803?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Engineering&rft.atitle=Improved+nitrogen+treatment+by+constructed+wetlands+receiving+partially+nitrified+liquid+swine+manure&rft.au=Poach%2C+ME%3BHunt%2C+P+G%3BVanotti%2C+M+B%3BStone%2C+K+C%3BMatheny%2C+T+A%3BJohnson%2C+M+H%3BSadler%2C+E+J&rft.aulast=Poach&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Engineering&rft.issn=09258574&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0925-8574%2803%2900024-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nitrogen removal; Manure; Animal wastes; Ammonia; Wastewater treatment; Barn Wastewater; Nitrates; Nitrites; Nitrification; Wetlands; Artificial Wetlands; Livestock; Nitrogen; Echinochloa; Schoenoplectus; USA, North Carolina DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0925-8574(03)00024-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Formation and Extraction of Persistent Fumigant Residues in Soils AN - 16154701; 5652950 AB - Fumigants are commonly thought to be short-lived in soil, but residues have been found in soils years following application. In this study, formation and extraction of persistent soil fumigant residues were investigated. Fumigants 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D), chloropicrin (CP), and methyl isothiocyanate (MITC) were spiked into Arlington, Glenelg, and Hagerstown soils and incubated for 30 d under controlled conditions. The incubated soils were evaporated for 20 h prior to extraction with a variety of organic solvents at different temperatures. Extraction with acetonitrile in sealed vials at 80 degree C for 24 h was the most efficient method to recover persistent soil fumigant residues. At application rates of 1000-1700 mg (kg of soil) super(-1), persistent residues of 1,3-D, CP, and MITC in the three soils ranged from 5 to 67 mg kg super(-1). The residue content increased with application rate, correlated positively with soil silt content, decreased dramatically as indigenous organic matter (OM) was removed, and changed little with external OM addition. Adsorption to clay surfaces was not important in fumigant retention, while pulverization of soil aggregates significantly decreased persistent fumigant residues. The results suggest that persistent fumigant residues are retained in soil intra-aggregate micropores resulting from binding clay flocs and silt particles by humic substances. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Guo, Mingxin AU - Papiernik, S K AU - Zheng, Wei AU - Yates AD - Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA, mguo@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/05/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 01 SP - 1844 EP - 1849 VL - 37 IS - 9 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - 1,3-dichloropropene KW - chloropicrin KW - fumigants KW - methyl isothiocyanate KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Pollutant removal KW - Residues KW - Organic matter KW - Soil contamination KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16154701?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Formation+and+Extraction+of+Persistent+Fumigant+Residues+in+Soils&rft.au=Guo%2C+Mingxin%3BPapiernik%2C+S+K%3BZheng%2C+Wei%3BYates&rft.aulast=Guo&rft.aufirst=Mingxin&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1844&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fes0262535 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollutant removal; Residues; Organic matter; Soil contamination DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0262535 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Orifice-Weir Outlet on Hydrology and Water Quality of a Drained Forested Watershed AN - 1521403277; 6000922 AB - Orifice-weir structures at ditch outlets are proposed to reduce peak drainage rates during high flows and to store water during the growing season in poorly drained managed pine plantations. Two coastal watersheds, one conventionally drained (D1) and another with an orifice-weir outlet (D3), were monitored to examine the effects of this orifice treatment on drainage outflows and nutrient exports from drained pine plantations in eastern North Carolina. Five years (1995-1999) of measured hydrologic data showed that the daily water table elevation on D3 was 7 cm higher on average, but was 13.5 cm higher during wet periods compared to conventional drainage. The peak drainage rates from D3 were substantially dampened by the orifice-weir. Accordingly, average annual outflow was reduced by 18%. The reduction in outflow was as much as 34% in 1995. Taking the characteristic differences observed in concentrations between these two watersheds during the pretreatment phase into consideration, the measured average annual TKN concentration in the watershed with the orifice appeared to be higher, and total P and sediment lower than expected for conventional drainage. Despite the reduction of flow in all 5 yr, the measured exports of NO sub(3)-N, TKN, and total N increased in the first 3 yr (except for TKN in 1995) and decreased in 1998 and 1999 with no significant effects because of the orifice-weir treatment. However, on an average annual basis, total sediment and total P export from D3 were reduced by 54% and 30%, respectively. These results showed that an orifice-weir at the drainage outlet can be used to reduce peak rates, annual drainage outflows, total P and sediment export. The orifice-weir outlet did not have an effect on the export of nitrogen components as happens when controlled drainage with a raised weir is used. JF - Southern Journal of Applied Forestry AU - Amatya, D M AU - Skaggs, R W AU - Gilliam, J W AU - Hughes, J H AD - Center for Forested Wetlands Research, USDA Forest Service, 2730 Savannah Highway, Charleston Highway, Charleston, SC 29414, USA, damatyas.fed.us Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 130 EP - 142 VL - 27 IS - 2 SN - 0148-4419, 0148-4419 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - USA, North Carolina KW - Orifices KW - Drainage KW - Water table KW - Water quality KW - Watersheds KW - Export KW - Weirs KW - Water management KW - Water control KW - Hydrology KW - Sediment transport KW - Nitrogen KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes KW - SW 2010:Control of water on the surface UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1521403277?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southern+Journal+of+Applied+Forestry&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Orifice-Weir+Outlet+on+Hydrology+and+Water+Quality+of+a+Drained+Forested+Watershed&rft.au=Amatya%2C+D+M%3BSkaggs%2C+R+W%3BGilliam%2C+J+W%3BHughes%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Amatya&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=130&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southern+Journal+of+Applied+Forestry&rft.issn=01484419&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Weirs; Water management; Hydrology; Water table; Sediment transport; Watersheds; Water quality; Nitrogen; Orifices; Drainage; Water control; Export; USA, North Carolina ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterizing ground water use by safflower using weighing lysimeters AN - 18916830; 5612470 AB - Decades of irrigation on the west side of the San Joaquin Valley without sufficient drainage have created large areas where shallow ground water (1.5m) has become a problem for agriculture. Because drainage outflow is restricted as a result of environmental concerns, reducing the amount of irrigation applied is a farm management solution for this situation. One option to reduce the amount of irrigation water is to include shallow ground water use as a source of water for crop production when scheduling irrigation. The objective for this study is to describe soil water fluxes in the presence of saline, shallow ground water under a safflower crop. Two weighing lysimeters, one with and one without shallow saline ground water were used to measure crop evapotranspiration of surface drip irrigated safflower. A saline water table (14dS/m) was maintained in one of the lysimeters. Ground water use as part of crop evapotranspiration was characterized using hourly measurements of the water level in a ground water supply tank (Mariotte bottle). Ground water contribution of up to 40% of daily crop water use was measured. On a seasonal basis, 25% of the total crop water use originated from the ground water. The largest ground water contribution was shown to occur at the end of the growing season, when roots are fully developed and stored soil water in the root zone was depleted. The applied irrigation on the crop grown in the presence of a water table was 46% less than irrigation applied to the crop without a water table. The reduction of irrigation was obtained by using the same irrigation schedule as on the lysimeter without ground water, but through smaller applied depths per irrigation event. JF - Agricultural Water Management AU - Soppe, RWO AU - Ayars, JE AD - USDA-ARS Water Management Research Laboratory, 9611 South Riverbend Avenue, Parlier, CA 93648, USA, rsoppe@fresno.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/04/30/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Apr 30 SP - 59 EP - 71 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 60 IS - 1 SN - 0378-3774, 0378-3774 KW - USA, California, San Joaquin R. KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Experimental Data KW - Water Management KW - Oilseed Crops KW - Lysimeters KW - Irrigation Effects KW - Cultivated Lands KW - Groundwater KW - Water Table KW - Irrigation Scheduling KW - Saline Water KW - SW 2040:Groundwater management KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18916830?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Child+Development&rft.atitle=Children%27s+motor+learning+with+and+without+vision&rft.au=Melcher%2C+R.+T.&rft.aulast=Melcher&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.date=1934-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=&rft.spage=315&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Child+Development&rft.issn=00093920&rft_id=info:doi/10.2307%2F1125849 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Experimental Data; Water Management; Oilseed Crops; Lysimeters; Irrigation Effects; Cultivated Lands; Irrigation Scheduling; Water Table; Groundwater; Saline Water DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3774(02)00149-X ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multiresidue determination of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in eggs using liquid chromatography-fluorescence-mass spectrometry AN - 17854527; 5693965 AB - An efficient multiresidue method for determination of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in eggs has been developed, in which quantitation and confirmation are achieved simultaneously using fluorescence and MSn. With this method, eight fluoroquinolones were analyzed in fortified egg samples at levels of 10- 100 ng g super(-1). Recoveries for desethylene ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, danofloxacin, enrofloxacin, orbifloxacin, sarafloxacin and difloxacin were generally in the range 60-100%, with excellent relative standard deviations. The limits of quantitation ranged from 0.1 to 2 ng g super(-1) in mixed egg. Confirmation was achieved by monitoring the ratios of two prominent product ions in MS super(2) (desethylene ciprofloxacin) or MS super(3) (all others). The method was found to be applicable to the analysis of egg whites and also egg yolks, with limits of quantitation ranging from 0.1 to 7 ng g super(-1) (egg white) and 0.1-1.5 ng g super(-1) (egg yolk). ENRO-incurred mixed eggs, egg whites and egg yolks were also successfully analyzed using this method. JF - Analytica Chimica Acta AU - Schneider, MJ AU - Donoghue, D J AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, mschneider@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2003/04/25/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Apr 25 SP - 39 EP - 49 PB - Elsevier VL - 483 IS - 1-2 SN - 0003-2670, 0003-2670 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Norfloxacin KW - Difloxacin KW - Fluoroquinolones KW - Antibiotics KW - Hormones KW - Mass spectroscopy KW - Eggs KW - Yolk KW - Ciprofloxacin KW - Albumen KW - Enrofloxacin KW - Liquid chromatography KW - W4 330:Biopolymers & Food Biotechnology KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17854527?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytica+Chimica+Acta&rft.atitle=Multiresidue+determination+of+fluoroquinolone+antibiotics+in+eggs+using+liquid+chromatography-fluorescence-mass+spectrometry&rft.au=Schneider%2C+MJ%3BDonoghue%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Schneider&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=2003-04-25&rft.volume=483&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytica+Chimica+Acta&rft.issn=00032670&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0003-2670%2802%2901378-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - 4th International Symposium on Hormone and Veterinary Residue Analysis. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Albumen; Eggs; Yolk; Mass spectroscopy; Ciprofloxacin; Fluoroquinolones; Antibiotics; Enrofloxacin; Difloxacin; Norfloxacin; Hormones; Liquid chromatography DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(02)01378-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Plant ecology (communication arising) -- Coexistence of tropical tree species AN - 18715459; 5600856 AB - For decades, ecologists have struggled to explain how so many tropical tree species can coexist. Kelly and Bowler propose that differences in recruitment fluctuation and competitive abilities among closely related tree species could promote coexistence, and data from a tropical deciduous forest in western Mexico seem to confirm their predictions. We argue, however, that the tests of their model's predictions make fundamentally flawed assumptions about both size-age relationships in trees and the factors that influence population size structures. As such, their results are potentially misleading and lack the necessary rigour to "reject all other theories of coexistence". JF - Nature AU - Baker, P J AU - Wilson, J S AD - Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA, patrickbaker@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/04/10/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Apr 10 SP - 581 EP - 582 VL - 422 IS - 6932 SN - 0028-0836, 0028-0836 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04625:Plants - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18715459?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Plant+ecology+%28communication+arising%29+--+Coexistence+of+tropical+tree+species&rft.au=Baker%2C+P+J%3BWilson%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-04-10&rft.volume=422&rft.issue=6932&rft.spage=581&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature&rft.issn=00280836&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2F422581a LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/422581a ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of L-dopa on plasma homocysteine in PD patients: relationship to B-vitamin status. AN - 73180998; 12682318 AB - The antiparkinsonian drug L-dopa causes increased cellular synthesis of homocysteine and consequent hyperhomocysteinemia in rats. This effect of L-dopa on plasma homocysteine is accentuated under conditions of impaired homocysteine metabolism such as folate deficiency. To investigate the effect of L-dopa administration and B-vitamin status on plasma homocysteine concentrations in humans with PD. Plasma homocysteine, folate, vitamin B(12), and pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP) concentrations were determined in 40 individuals diagnosed with idiopathic PD who were being treated as outpatients at the Boston University Medical Center Neurology Clinic. Twenty of the patients were on L-dopa therapy (treatment group) and 20 were L-dopa-naive (control group). The mean plasma homocysteine concentration was higher in the treatment group than in the controls (p = 0.018). Plasma homocysteine was correlated with plasma folate, vitamin B(12), and PLP concentrations in the treatment group (p 90%) after 46 h of exposure. On average, 5-8% of weevils escaped from traps whether a kill strip was present or absent. A strong temporal pattern of escape was observed, with > or = 90% of escape occurring within the first hour after weevils were introduced into traps. Because > or = 90% of escape occurred within the first hour weevils were in the traps and < 3% of weevils died during the first hour of exposure to kill strips in traps, use of kill strips in large-scale boll weevil management programs is not justified on the basis of reduced weevil escape. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Suh, Charles P C AU - Spurgeon, Dale W AU - Hagood, Stephanie AD - USDA-ARS, SPARC, Areawide Pest Management Research Unit, 2771 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA. suh@usda-apmru.tamu.edu Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - April 2003 SP - 348 EP - 351 VL - 96 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Pheromones KW - insect attractants KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Time Factors KW - Beetles KW - Insect Control -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71553326?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+kill+strips+on+boll+weevil+%28Coleoptera%3A+Curculionidae%29+mortality+in+pheromone+traps+and+impact+on+weevil+escape.&rft.au=Suh%2C+Charles+P+C%3BSpurgeon%2C+Dale+W%3BHagood%2C+Stephanie&rft.aulast=Suh&rft.aufirst=Charles+P&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=348&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-26 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Boll weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) bait sticks: toxicity and malathion content. AN - 71546177; 14994795 AB - Assays of malathion content and toxicity to boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Bohemian, were conducted on boll weevil bait sticks, now marketed as Boll Weevil Attract and Control Tubes (BWACTs; Plato Industries, Houston, TX). In general, the longer BWACTs were in the field, the lower the mortality of weevils that were exposed to them. Bioassays of weevil mortality correlated with hexane washes of BWACT surfaces showed highly variable mortality when surface malathion fell below approximately 20 ng per 1 microl of hexane, but consistently high mortality (> or = 90%) when surface malathion was above 30 ng per 1 microl of hexane. A linear equation was calculated to predict mortality as a function of malathion on a BWACT surface. Although mortality was related to surface amounts of malathion, it was unrelated to the total amount of malathion present in BWACTs. Similarly, surface malathion was unrelated to the total amount present in BWACTs. As with mortality, amount of surface malathion declined with time, but total malathion did not decline with time. Boll weevils placed on fresh BWACTs tended to accumulate more malathion and died in greater numbers as time spent on fresh tubes increased, but not as time spent on tubes aged in the field (for 5 mo total) increased. Weevils that landed on tubes after a short flight died in approximately the same numbers as those that were placed on tubes using proper methodology. The amount of malathion expected to cause 90% mortality of boll weevils subjected to proper methodology was 47% higher than for a less stringent methodology (34.3 versus 23.4 ng), which demonstrates the importance of strictly adhering to proper methodology; nevertheless, chemical assay of malathion on the BWACT surface proved to be a more consistent measure of BWACT toxicity than bioassay, and it should replace the bioassay. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Villavaso, Eric J AU - Mulrooney, Joseph E AU - McGovern, William L AD - USDA-ARS Southern Insect Management Research Unit, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762-5367, USA. EVillavaso@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - April 2003 SP - 311 EP - 321 VL - 96 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Pheromones KW - 0 KW - insect attractants KW - Malathion KW - U5N7SU872W KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Time Factors KW - Insect Control KW - Pheromones -- analysis KW - Malathion -- analysis KW - Beetles UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71546177?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Boll+weevil+%28Coleoptera%3A+Curculionidae%29+bait+sticks%3A+toxicity+and+malathion+content.&rft.au=Villavaso%2C+Eric+J%3BMulrooney%2C+Joseph+E%3BMcGovern%2C+William+L&rft.aulast=Villavaso&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=311&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-26 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Watershed abatement costs for agricultural phosphorus AN - 51941481; 2003-066653 JF - Water Resources Research AU - Johansson, Robert C AU - Randall, Jonathan Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - April 2003 SP - 7 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 39 IS - 4 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - water quality KW - dispersivity KW - pollutants KW - human activity KW - regulations KW - surface water KW - agriculture KW - watersheds KW - pollution KW - phosphorus KW - phosphorus index KW - nonpoint sources KW - cost KW - environmental effects KW - conservation KW - policy KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51941481?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Watershed+abatement+costs+for+agricultural+phosphorus&rft.au=Johansson%2C+Robert+C%3BRandall%2C+Jonathan&rft.aulast=Johansson&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2001WR001096 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/wr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 38 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRERAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; conservation; cost; dispersivity; environmental effects; human activity; hydrology; nonpoint sources; phosphorus; phosphorus index; policy; pollutants; pollution; regulations; surface water; United States; water quality; watersheds DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001WR001096 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - How far to the nearest road? AN - 20837933; 5633546 AB - Ecological impacts from roads may be the rule rather than the exception in most of the conterminous United States. We measured the proportion of land area that was located within nine distances from the nearest road of any type, and mapped the results for 164 ecoregions and 2108 watersheds nationwide. Overall, 20% of the total land area was within 127 m of a road, and the proportion increased rapidly with distance, so that 83% was within 1061 m of a road, and only 3% was more than 5176 m away. For forest land area only, the proportions differed by less than 2% for all distances. Regions with more than 60% of their total land area within 382 m of a road may be at greatest risk of cumulative ecological impacts from roads. These regions include nearly all coastal zones, as well as substantial portions of the southeast US and the basins of the Ohio, Brazos, Colorado, Sacramento, and San Joaquin Rivers. JF - Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment AU - Riitters, KH AU - Wickham, J D AD - Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 125 EP - 129 VL - 1 IS - 3 SN - 1540-9295, 1540-9295 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Rivers KW - Coastal zone KW - Forests KW - Basins KW - Watersheds KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20837933?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+Ecology+and+the+Environment&rft.atitle=How+far+to+the+nearest+road%3F&rft.au=Riitters%2C+KH%3BWickham%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Riitters&rft.aufirst=KH&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=125&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Frontiers+in+Ecology+and+the+Environment&rft.issn=15409295&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Coastal zone; Basins; Forests; Watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Polyvalent Cation Effects on myo-Inositol Hexakis Dihydrogenphosphate Enzymatic Dephosphorylation in Dairy Wastewater AN - 20726066; 5803159 AB - Information is needed on organic polyphosphates such as myo-inositol 1,2,3,5/4,6-hexakis dihydrogenphosphate or phytate (IP6) contribution to the sources and sinks of dissolved phosphorus (PO sub(4)-P) in the soil-manure-water system. Effects of Na super(+), Ca super(2+), Al super(3+), and Fe super(3+) and cation to IP6-P mole ratios on the enzymatic dephosphorylation of IP6 were studied to determine controlling mechanisms of dephosphorylation and persistence in manure. Phytate- and PO sub(4)-P were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Phytate dephosphorylation by Aspergillus ficuum (Reichardt) Henn. phytase EC 3.1.3.8 decreases by 50 plus or minus 3.6 and 40 plus or minus 4% at pH 4.5 and 6, respectively, as Ca super(2+) concentrations increase and cation to IP6-P mole ratios reach 6:6. Polyanionic IP6 has a high affinity for Al super(3+) and Fe super(3+) and reductions in dephosphorylation average 27 and 32% at a cation to IP6-P mole ratio of 1:6 for Al super(3+) and Fe super(3+), respectively, while reaching more than 99% at a mole ratio of 6:6. A phytase-hydrolyzable phosphorus (PHP) fraction is native to ruminant animal manure and is proportional to total solids (TS) concentration in 1 to 100 g L super(-1) suspensions. Added phytase, in effect, increases water-extractable P content of manure and the risk of environmental P dispersion. As the bioavailability and ecological effect of IP6-P appear to be regulated not only by pH-controlled enzyme activity but also by the associated counterions, the differential protective effects of cations influence the accuracy of manure PHP fraction estimates and increase phytate resistance to enzymatic dephosphorylation that may lead to its persistence in manure. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Dao, TH AD - USDA-ARS, Animal Manure and By-Products Laboratory, BARC-East, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, thdao@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 694 EP - 701 VL - 32 IS - 2 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - High-performance liquid chromatography KW - Ruminantia KW - Calcium KW - Manure KW - Dephosphorylation KW - Phosphorus KW - Bioavailability KW - pH effects KW - Industrial Wastewater KW - Dairy industry waste waters KW - Enzymes KW - Aspergillus ficuum KW - Dairies KW - 6-Phytase KW - polyphosphates KW - Environmental quality KW - Organic Compounds KW - Waste water KW - Wastewater Treatment KW - Iron KW - AQ 00007:Industrial Effluents KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - K 03450:Ecology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20726066?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Polyvalent+Cation+Effects+on+myo-Inositol+Hexakis+Dihydrogenphosphate+Enzymatic+Dephosphorylation+in+Dairy+Wastewater&rft.au=Dao%2C+TH&rft.aulast=Dao&rft.aufirst=TH&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=694&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - High-performance liquid chromatography; Manure; Calcium; Dephosphorylation; Phosphorus; Enzymes; Bioavailability; Dairies; 6-Phytase; polyphosphates; Environmental quality; Waste water; Iron; pH effects; Industrial Wastewater; Dairy industry waste waters; Organic Compounds; Wastewater Treatment; Ruminantia; Aspergillus ficuum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dissolved gas analysis for assessing the fate of nitrate in wetlands AN - 19934658; 5634309 AB - Dissolved gas analysis permits direct detection of ground water denitrification, a technique we used in this study to assess the fate of nitrate in a riparian wetland. Dissolved argon (Ar) and dinitrogen (N sub(2)) were measured in transects of nested piezometers installed at different depths within upwelling regions of a riparian wetland. The method uses the Ar content in the water as a natural inert tracer for assessing background content of N sub(2) from the previous air/water equilibrium. Within the wetland under study, anoxic to suboxic ground water became more oxic in piezometers close to the aquifer layer, indicating upwelling of oxic ground water. Assessment of loss of nitrate and Ar in ground water within an upwelling zone indicated that shallow piezometers had significant N sub(2) loss through degassing. Most of the measured nitrate-nitrogen (NO super(-) sub(3)-N) loss of 205 mu M in a piezometer nest could be accounted for by total N sub(2)-N produced (169 mu M N), calculated from changes in dissolved N sub(2) and estimated N sub(2) degassed. Degassing due to methane (CH sub(4)) production was also detected in some shallow piezometers within nests. This technique for analysis of dissolved gases in ground water can be applied to detect small changes in N gas concentration and aids in assessing the fate of nitrate along a ground water flow path. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Mookherji, S AU - McCarty, G W AU - Angier, J T AD - Environmental Quality Laboratory, Building 007, Room 201, BARC-West, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA, mccartyg@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - April 2003 SP - 381 EP - 387 VL - 39 IS - 2 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Nitrate KW - Upwelling KW - Air-water Interfaces KW - Water resources KW - Groundwater Pollution KW - Freshwater KW - Water analysis KW - Tracers KW - Argon KW - Piezometers KW - Measuring methods KW - Denitrification KW - Wetlands KW - Piezometry KW - Degassing KW - Data Collections KW - Rivers KW - Methane KW - Nitrates KW - Fate of Pollutants KW - Dissolved gases KW - Gases KW - Analytical Methods KW - Groundwater (see also Aquifers) KW - Groundwater KW - Nitrogen KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19934658?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Dissolved+gas+analysis+for+assessing+the+fate+of+nitrate+in+wetlands&rft.au=Mookherji%2C+S%3BMcCarty%2C+G+W%3BAngier%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=Mookherji&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=381&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Methane; Nitrates; Upwelling; Denitrification; Water resources; Wetlands; Dissolved gases; Degassing; Tracers; Gases; Argon; Measuring methods; Groundwater; Nitrogen; Nitrate; Groundwater (see also Aquifers); Piezometry; Water analysis; Piezometers; Analytical Methods; Air-water Interfaces; Fate of Pollutants; Groundwater Pollution; Data Collections; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecological Effects of Nitrogen Deposition in the Western United States AN - 19813063; 5627095 AB - In the western United States vast acreages of land are exposed to low levels of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition, with interspersed hotspots of elevated N deposition downwind of large, expanding metropolitan centers or large agricultural operations. Biological response studies in western North America demonstrate that some aquatic and terrestrial plant and microbial communities are significantly altered by N deposition. Greater plant productivity is counterbalanced by biotic community changes and deleterious effects on sensitive organisms (lichens and phytoplankton) that respond to low inputs of N (3 to 8 kilograms N per hectare per year). Streamwater nitrate concentrations are elevated in high-elevation catchments in Colorado and are unusually high in southern California and in some chaparral catchments in the southwestern Sierra Nevada. Chronic N deposition in the West is implicated in increased fire frequency in some areas and habitat alteration for threatened species. Between hotspots, N deposition is too low to cause noticeable effects or has not been studied. JF - Bioscience AU - Fenn, ME AU - Baron, J S AU - Allen, E B AU - Rueth, H M AU - Nydick, K R AU - Geiser, L AU - Bowman, W D AU - Sickman, JO AU - Meixner, T AU - Johnson, D W AU - Neitlich, P AD - US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 4955 Canyon Crest Drive, Riverside, CA 92507, USA, mfenn@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - April 2003 SP - 404 EP - 420 VL - 53 IS - 4 SN - 0006-3568, 0006-3568 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Ecology Abstracts KW - Nitrate KW - Terrestrial environments KW - Hot spots KW - USA, West KW - Pollution effects KW - Phytoplankton KW - Freshwater KW - Lakes KW - Chaparral KW - Freshwater pollution KW - Atmospheric precipitations KW - Rivers KW - Fires KW - Aerosols KW - Nitrates KW - Aquatic plants KW - Habitat KW - Inland water environment KW - Air pollution KW - Pollutant deposition KW - Lichens KW - Plant communities KW - Nitrogen KW - D 04803:Pollution effects KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - K 03450:Ecology KW - Q5 08501:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19813063?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioscience&rft.atitle=Ecological+Effects+of+Nitrogen+Deposition+in+the+Western+United+States&rft.au=Fenn%2C+ME%3BBaron%2C+J+S%3BAllen%2C+E+B%3BRueth%2C+H+M%3BNydick%2C+K+R%3BGeiser%2C+L%3BBowman%2C+W+D%3BSickman%2C+JO%3BMeixner%2C+T%3BJohnson%2C+D+W%3BNeitlich%2C+P&rft.aulast=Fenn&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=404&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioscience&rft.issn=00063568&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Atmospheric precipitations; Air pollution; Lakes; Aerosols; Nitrates; Phytoplankton; Pollution effects; Inland water environment; Freshwater pollution; Nitrogen; Nitrate; Fires; Hot spots; Aquatic plants; Habitat; Lichens; Chaparral; Plant communities; Pollutant deposition; Terrestrial environments; USA, West; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Watershed scale assessment of nitrogen and phosphorus loadings in the Indian River Lagoon basin, Florida AN - 19812705; 5644298 AB - There is a growing evidence that the ecological and biological integrity of the lagoon has declined during the last 50 years, probably due to the decline in water quality. Establishment of a watershed scale seagrass-based nutrient load assessment is the major aim of water quality management in the Indian River Lagoon (IRL). Best estimate loadings incorporate wet and dry deposition, surface water, groundwater, sediment nutrient flux, and point source effluent discharge data. On the average, the IRL is receiving annual external loadings of 832, 645 and 94,476kg of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP), respectively, from stormwater discharges and agricultural runoff. The average internal cycling of TN and TP from sediment deposits in the IRL was about 42,640kg TN and 1050kg TPyr super(-1). Indirect evidence suggests that atmospheric deposition has played a role in the ongoing nutrient enrichment in the IRL. The estimated total atmospheric deposition of TN and TP was about 32,940 and 824kgyr super(-1), while groundwater contribution was about 84,920 and 24,275kgyr super(-1), respectively, to the surface waters of the IRL. The estimated annual contribution of point effluent discharge was about 60,408kg TN and 7248kg TP. In total, the IRL basin is receiving an annual loading of about 1,053,553kg TN and 127,873kg TP. With these results, it is clear that the current rate of nutrient loadings is causing a shift in the primary producers of the IRL from macrophyte to phytoplankton- or algal-based system. The goal is to reverse that shift, to attain and maintain a macrophyte-based estuarine system in the IRL. JF - Journal of Environmental Management AU - Sigua, G C AU - Tweedale, WA AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Services, Sub-Tropical Agriculture Research Station, 22271 Chinsegut Hill Road, Brooksville, FL 34601, USA, gcsigua@mail.ifas.ufl.edu Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 363 EP - 372 VL - 67 IS - 4 SN - 0301-4797, 0301-4797 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Environmental degradation KW - River Basins KW - Agricultural Runoff KW - USA, Florida KW - Phosphorus KW - Phytoplankton KW - Basins KW - Nutrients KW - Watersheds KW - Water quality KW - Primary production KW - Water Quality Management KW - Sedimentation KW - Hydrologic Data KW - Agricultural runoff KW - Rivers KW - Water Quality KW - Aquatic plants KW - River discharge KW - Pollution Load KW - Effluents KW - Macrophytes KW - Sediment-water interface KW - Surface-groundwater Relations KW - Water management KW - Sediment Load KW - Load Distribution KW - Runoff KW - Nitrogen KW - ASW, USA, Florida, Indian River Lagoon KW - Nutrient enrichment KW - Surface water KW - Nutrient loading KW - Groundwater Pollution KW - Lagoons KW - Assessments KW - Stormwater runoff KW - Ground water KW - Brackishwater environment KW - Sediment transport KW - River basin management KW - Deposits KW - Data processing KW - USA, Florida, Indian R. Lagoon KW - Sediments KW - Water pollution KW - USA, Florida, Indian River Lagoon KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - K 03450:Ecology KW - D 04320:Brackishwater UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19812705?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Watershed+scale+assessment+of+nitrogen+and+phosphorus+loadings+in+the+Indian+River+Lagoon+basin%2C+Florida&rft.au=Sigua%2C+G+C%3BTweedale%2C+WA&rft.aulast=Sigua&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=363&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Management&rft.issn=03014797&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0301-4797%2802%2900220-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phosphorus; River discharge; Aquatic plants; Water quality; Watersheds; Effluents; Lagoons; Water pollution; Sediment-water interface; Stormwater runoff; Water management; Brackishwater environment; Sediment transport; Sedimentation; River basin management; Agricultural runoff; Nitrogen; Rivers; Deposits; Data processing; Nutrient enrichment; Surface water; Nutrient loading; Basins; Nutrients; Sediments; Macrophytes; Ground water; Runoff; Environmental degradation; Phytoplankton; Primary production; Agricultural Runoff; River Basins; Water Quality; Pollution Load; Groundwater Pollution; Surface-groundwater Relations; Assessments; Water Quality Management; Load Distribution; Sediment Load; Hydrologic Data; ASW, USA, Florida, Indian River Lagoon; USA, Florida; USA, Florida, Indian R. Lagoon; USA, Florida, Indian River Lagoon DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-4797(02)00220-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Myrothecium Verrucaria for Control of Annual Morningglories in Sugarcane AN - 19767502; 5660757 AB - Conidia of Myrothecium verrucaria, sprayed in an aqueous phase-paraffinic crop oil emulsion (1:1 v/v) at 470 L/ha, controlled red, ivyleaf, smallflower, and tall morningglory plants (three- to five-leaf stage) by causing severe necrotic injury to leaves and stems. Conidia were not efficacious if applied in an aqueous carrier without oil. When applied in the field as directed postemergence treatments to sugarcane, a concentration of 4 x 108 conidia/ml generally provided > 90% death of morningglory, comparable with the atrazine standard at 2.2 kg ai/ha, and did not cause significant crop injury. Conidia produced on potato dextrose agar or rice flour slurry were about equally effective. When killed by autoclaving, conidia continued to be efficacious, indicating that the symptoms produced by the fungus were not primarily caused by infection. A high performance liquid chromatography analysis of filtrates from the fungal growth media or of harvested conidia showed the presence of several macrocyclic trichothecenes (MT), some known to be phytotoxins. These included verrucarin A and H, roridin A and H, and isororidin E for filtrates and verrucarin A and roridin A for conidia. However, only trace amounts of MT were detected in leaves of treated morningglory plants at 24 h after treatment and none at 48 and 96 h even though the fungus was isolated from leaves up to 14 d after treatment. Further study is needed to identify the causal agents responsible for the phytotoxicity produced by M. verrucaria and to assess potential of this organism as a mycoherbicide. perpendicular omenclature: Atrazine; Myrothecium verrucaria (Albertini & Schwein.) Ditmar:Fr.; ivyleaf morningglory, Ipomea hederacea (Jacq.) NUMBER SIGN IPOHE; red morningglory, Ipomea coccinea (L.) NUMBER SIGN IPOCC; smallflower morningglory, Jacquemontia tamnifolia (L.) Griseb. NUMBER SIGN IAQTA; tall morningglory, Ipomea purpurea (L.) Roth NUMBER SIGN PHBPU; sugarcane, Saccharum sp. hybrids 'CP 72-370'. double prime dditional index words: Biological weed control, macrocyclic, mycoherbicide, mycotoxins, trichothecenes. double prime bbreviations: DAT, days after treatment; HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography; IE, invert emulsion (water-in-oil); IPA, isopropyl alcohol; MT, macrocyclic trichothecenes; PDA, potato dextrose agar; POST, postemergence; RF, rice flour; SE, standard emulsion (oil-in-water); SIL, organosilicone surfactant; ST, sucrose-Tween 80 solution. JF - Weed Technology AU - Millhollon, R W AU - Berner, D K AU - Paxson, L K AU - Jarvis, B B AU - Bean, G W AD - Research Agronomist (retired), USDA-ARS Sugarcane Research Unit, Southern Regional Research Center, Houma, LA 70360; second and third authors: Research Plant Pathologist and Research Technician, USDA-ARS, Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Fort Detrick, MD 21702; Chemist, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742; Professor, Department of Cell Biology/Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742. Corresponding author's, paularex@earthlink.net Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 276 EP - 283 PB - Weed Science Society of America VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 0890-037X, 0890-037X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - High-performance liquid chromatography KW - Agar KW - Weeds KW - Injuries KW - Infection KW - trichothecenes KW - Crops KW - dextrose KW - Oil KW - Saccharum KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - Hybrids KW - Slurries KW - Flour KW - Jacquemontia tamnifolia KW - Myrothecium verrucaria KW - Phytotoxins KW - Leaves KW - Oryza sativa KW - Isopropyl alcohol KW - Conidia KW - Stems KW - Weed control KW - Mycoherbicides KW - Mycotoxins KW - Atrazine KW - Phytotoxicity KW - Surfactants KW - A 01380:Plant Protection, Fungicides & Seed Treatments KW - K 03420:Plant Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19767502?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RE%3Aview%3A+Rehabilitation+and+Education+for+Blindness+and+Visual+Impairment&rft.atitle=A+study+of+the+effects+of+visual+occlusion+on+motor+and+spatial+learning+in+visually+impaired+adults&rft.au=Palmer%2C+James+L.%3BElliott%2C+Jeffrey%3BKuyk%2C+T.+K.&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=RE%3Aview%3A+Rehabilitation+and+Education+for+Blindness+and+Visual+Impairment&rft.issn=08991510&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - High-performance liquid chromatography; Weeds; Agar; Injuries; Phytotoxins; Leaves; Isopropyl alcohol; Conidia; Infection; Stems; Mycoherbicides; Weed control; Crops; trichothecenes; Oil; dextrose; Mycotoxins; Slurries; Hybrids; Atrazine; Phytotoxicity; Surfactants; Flour; Jacquemontia tamnifolia; Myrothecium verrucaria; Saccharum; Solanum tuberosum; Oryza sativa DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0890-037X(2003)017(0276:MVFCOA)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transformations of selenate and selenite by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolated from a seleniferous agricultural drainage pond sediment AN - 19765239; 5633993 AB - A Gram-negative bacterium, identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia by fatty acid analysis and 16S rRNA sequencing, was isolated from a seleniferous agricultural evaporation pond sediment collected in the Tulare Lake Drainage District, California. In cultures exposed to the atmosphere, the organism reduces selenate (SeO super(2) sub(4) super(-)) and selenite (SeO super(2) sub(3) super(-)) to red amorphous elemental selenium (Se degree ) only upon reaching stationary phase, when O sub(2) levels are less than 0.1 mg l super(-1). In 48 h, S. maltophilia removed 81.2% and 99.8% of added SeO super(2) sub(4) super(-) and SeO super(2) sub(3) super(-) (initial concentration of 0.5 mM), respectively, from solution. Anaerobic growth experiments revealed that the organism was incapable of using SeO super(2) sub(4) super(-), SeO super(2) sub(3) super(-), SO super(2) sub(4) super(-) or NO super(-) sub(3) as a terminal electron acceptor. Transmission electron microscopy of cultures spiked with either Se oxyanion were found to contain spherical extracellular deposits. Analysis of the deposits by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed that they consist of Se. Furthermore, S. maltophilia was active in producing volatile alkylselenides when in the presence of SeO super(2) sub(4) super(-) and SeO super(2) sub(3) super(-). The volatile products were positively identified as dimethyl selenide (DMSe), dimethyl selenenyl sulphide (DMSeS) and dimethyl diselenide (DMDSe) by gas chromatographymass spectrometry. Our findings suggest that this bacterium may contribute to the biogeochemical cycling of Se in seleniferous evaporation pond sediments and waters. This organism may also be potentially useful in a bioremediation scheme designed to treat seleniferous agricultural wastewater. JF - Environmental Microbiology AU - Dungan, R S AU - Yates AU - Frankenberger, WT Jr AD - George E. Brown Jr. Salinity Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 450 W. Big Springs Road., Riverside, CA 92507, USA, Rdungan@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 287 EP - 295 VL - 5 IS - 4 SN - 1462-2912, 1462-2912 KW - dimethyl diselenide KW - selenite KW - Pollution Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Water Resources Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Transformation KW - Electron Microscopy KW - Bioremediation KW - Evaporation KW - Ponds KW - Selenic acid KW - stationary phase KW - X-ray Spectroscopy KW - Lakes KW - Gram-negative bacteria KW - Farm Wastes KW - Drainage Districts KW - Biogeochemistry KW - Fatty Acids KW - Anaerobic conditions KW - Ionizing radiation KW - Microscopy KW - X-ray spectroscopy KW - selenide KW - Wastewater KW - Transmission electron microscopy KW - Spectroscopy KW - Atmosphere KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Selenium KW - USA, California KW - Bacteria KW - Sediment pollution KW - Deposits KW - Drainage KW - Stenotrophomonas maltophilia KW - Sediments KW - Spectrometry KW - Volatiles KW - Cultures KW - Fatty acids KW - Waste water KW - Wastewater Treatment KW - rRNA 16S KW - A 01105:Non-patents KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - J 02320:Cell Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19765239?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Transformations+of+selenate+and+selenite+by+Stenotrophomonas+maltophilia+isolated+from+a+seleniferous+agricultural+drainage+pond+sediment&rft.au=Dungan%2C+R+S%3BYates%3BFrankenberger%2C+WT+Jr&rft.aulast=Dungan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=14622912&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1462-2920.2003.00410.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Transformation; Bioremediation; Evaporation; Transmission electron microscopy; Spectroscopy; Wastewater treatment; Atmosphere; Ponds; Selenic acid; stationary phase; Selenium; Lakes; Gram-negative bacteria; Deposits; Drainage; selenite; Anaerobic conditions; Sediments; Spectrometry; Volatiles; Ionizing radiation; Fatty acids; selenide; Waste water; rRNA 16S; Sediment pollution; Biogeochemistry; Microscopy; X-ray spectroscopy; Wastewater; X-ray Spectroscopy; Bacteria; Electron Microscopy; Drainage Districts; Fatty Acids; Cultures; Farm Wastes; Wastewater Treatment; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia; USA, California DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1462-2920.2003.00410.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - USDA Stakeholder Workshop on Animal Bioinformatics: Summary and Recommendations AN - 19601088; 8516599 AB - An electronic workshop was conducted on 4 November-13 December 2002 to discuss current issues and needs in animal bioinformatics. The electronic (e-mail listserver) format was chosen to provide a relatively speedy process that is broad in scope, cost-efficient and easily accessible to all participants. Approximately 40 panelists with diverse species and discipline expertise communicated through the panel e-mail listserver. The panel included scientists from academia, industry and government, in the USA, Australia and the UK. A second 'stakeholder' e-mail listserver was used to obtain input from a broad audience with general interests in animal genomics. The objectives of the electronic workshop were: (a) to define priorities for animal genome database development; and (b) to recommend ways in which the USDA could provide leadership in the area of animal genome database development. E-mail messages from panelists and stakeholders are archived at http://genome.cvm.umn.edu/bioinfo/. Priorities defined for animal genome database development included: (a) data repository; (b) tools for genome analysis; (c) annotation; (d) practical application of genomic data; and (e) a biological framework for DNA sequence. A stable source of funding, such as the USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS), was recommended to support maintenance of data repositories and data curation. Continued support for competitive grants programs within the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (CSREES) was recommended for tool development and hypothesis-driven research projects in genome analysis. Additional stakeholder input will be required to continuously refine priorities and maximize the use of limited resources for animal bioinformatics within the USDA. JF - Comparative and Functional Genomics AU - Hamernik, Debora L AU - Adelson, David L AD - USDA-CSREES: (First Class Mail) 1400 Independence Ave SW; Stop 2220 Washington DC 20250-2220 USA, dhamernik@reeusda.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 271 EP - 274 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Baffins Lane VL - 4 IS - 2 SN - 1531-6912, 1531-6912 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Databases KW - Computer programs KW - Data processing KW - Conferences KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Bioinformatics KW - genomics KW - Lead KW - G 07730:Development & Cell Cycle KW - W 30960:Bioinformatics & Computer Applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19601088?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comparative+and+Functional+Genomics&rft.atitle=USDA+Stakeholder+Workshop+on+Animal+Bioinformatics%3A+Summary+and+Recommendations&rft.au=Hamernik%2C+Debora+L%3BAdelson%2C+David+L&rft.aulast=Hamernik&rft.aufirst=Debora&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Comparative+and+Functional+Genomics&rft.issn=15316912&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fcfg.266 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Computer programs; Databases; Data processing; Conferences; Nucleotide sequence; genomics; Bioinformatics; Lead DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cfg.266 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mycoplasma gallinarum Infection in Commercial Layers and Onset of Fatty Liver Hemorrhagic Syndrome AN - 19288190; 5659610 AB - Fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) was observed in each of three trials in which commercial layers were utilized to determine the effect of Mycoplasma gallinarum (MGn) on egg and eggshell quality parameters and egg production. In each of three trials, FLHS occurred 31-54 days later in MGn-inoculated hens as compared with the Mycoplasma-clean (control) hens. In trials 1 and 2, no therapeutic intervention was initiated to ameliorate FLHS. In trial 3, therapeutic intervention was instituted and consisted of the addition of 1 pound of choline chloride/ton of feed. Total mortality recorded throughout the duration of each trial and attributable to FLHS was not significantly different between the control and the MGn-inoculated treatment. However, FLHS-associated mortality in each of the three trials was numerically greater for the control treatment.Original Abstract: Se observo el sindrome hemorragico e higado graso en cada uno de tres experimentos usando ponedoras comerciales para determinar el efecto del Mycoplasma gallinarum sobre la produccion de huevos y la calidad de los mismos. En cada uno de los tres experimentos, el sindrome ocurrio entre 31 y 54 dias despues de la inoculacion con el M. gallinarum, comparado con las aves no inoculadas. En los dos primeros experimentos no se realizo tratamiento terapeutico para disminuir el sindrome. En el tercer experimento se establecio un tratamiento terapeutico que consistio en la adicion de una libra de cloruro de colina por tonelada de alimento. La mortalidad total observada durante la duracion de cada experimento y atribuida al sindrome hemorragico no fue significantemente diferente entre los controles y los grupos inoculados con el M. gallinarum. Sin embargo, la mortalidad asociada con el sindrome fue numericamente mayor en cada uno de los tres experimentos, comparada con el tratamiento control. double prime bbreviations: FLHS = fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome; HI = hemagglutination inhibition; MG = Mycoplasma gallisepticum; MGn = Mycoplasma gallinarum; MS = Mycoplasma synoviae; SPA = serum plate agglutination; TROC = tracheal ring organ cultures JF - Avian Diseases AU - Branton, S L AU - Bearson, SMD AU - Bearson, B L AU - Maslin, W R AU - Collier, S D AU - Evans, J D AU - Miles, D M AU - Pharr, G T AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, South Central Poultry Research Laboratory, Mississippi State, MS 39762 Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 458 EP - 462 PB - American Association of Avian Pathologists VL - 47 IS - 2 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Egg shells KW - Mortality KW - Choline KW - Fatty liver KW - Therapeutic applications KW - Chloride KW - Egg production KW - Hemorrhage KW - Infection KW - Mycoplasma KW - J 02410:Animal Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19288190?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Mycoplasma+gallinarum+Infection+in+Commercial+Layers+and+Onset+of+Fatty+Liver+Hemorrhagic+Syndrome&rft.au=Branton%2C+S+L%3BBearson%2C+SMD%3BBearson%2C+B+L%3BMaslin%2C+W+R%3BCollier%2C+S+D%3BEvans%2C+J+D%3BMiles%2C+D+M%3BPharr%2C+G+T&rft.aulast=Branton&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=458&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0005-2086%282003%29047%280458%3AMGIICL%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Egg shells; Mortality; Choline; Therapeutic applications; Fatty liver; Chloride; Egg production; Infection; Hemorrhage; Mycoplasma DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0005-2086(2003)047(0458:MGIICL)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exercise and inflammatory disease AN - 18928756; 5676746 JF - Arthritis Care and Research AU - Roubenoff, R AD - Nutrition, Exercise Physiology, and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA, Roubenoff@mpi.com Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 263 EP - 266 VL - 49 IS - 2 SN - 0893-7524, 0893-7524 KW - Physical Education Index KW - inflammation KW - Arthritis KW - Exercise KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18928756?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arthritis+Care+and+Research&rft.atitle=Exercise+and+inflammatory+disease&rft.au=Roubenoff%2C+R&rft.aulast=Roubenoff&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Arthritis+Care+and+Research&rft.issn=08937524&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fart.11008 LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Exercise; Arthritis; inflammation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.11008 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - General Characteristics of Solutions to the Open-Channel Flow, Feedforward Control Problem AN - 18927762; 5627082 AB - A dimensionless formulation of the open-channel flow equations was used to study the feedforward control problem for single-pool canals. Feedforward inflow schedules were computed for specified downstream demands using a gate-stroking model. The analysis was conducted for various design and operational conditions. Differences in the shape of the computed inflow hydrographs are largely related to the volume change resulting from the transient, the time needed to supply this volume, and the time needed by the inflow perturbation to travel down the canal. The gate-stroking method will fail to produce a solution or the solution will demand extreme and unrealistic inflow variations if the time needed to supply the canal volume change is much greater than the travel time of the upstream flow change. As an alternative, a simple feedforward-control flow schedule can be developed based on this volume change and a reasonable delay estimate. This volume compensating schedule can deliver the requested flow change and keep water levels reasonably close to the target under the range of conditions tested. JF - Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering AU - Bautista, E AU - Strelkoff, T S AU - Clemmens, A J AD - USDA-ARS U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory, 4331 E. Broadway Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - April 2003 SP - 129 EP - 137 VL - 129 IS - 2 SN - 0733-9437, 0733-9437 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Mathematical Studies KW - Water Management KW - Flow in open channels KW - Open-channel Flow KW - Irrigation Scheduling KW - Flow Control KW - Irrigation Canals KW - Model Studies KW - Flow in canals KW - M2 556.536:Hydraulics, hydrodynamics of rivers, and streams KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18927762?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.atitle=General+Characteristics+of+Solutions+to+the+Open-Channel+Flow%2C+Feedforward+Control+Problem&rft.au=Bautista%2C+E%3BStrelkoff%2C+T+S%3BClemmens%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Bautista&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=129&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.issn=07339437&rft_id=info:doi/10.1061%2F%28ASCE%290733-9437%282003%29129%3A2%28129%29 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Flow in open channels; Flow in canals; Mathematical Studies; Water Management; Open-channel Flow; Flow Control; Irrigation Scheduling; Model Studies; Irrigation Canals DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2003)129:2(129) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydrologic simulation of the Little Washita River experimental watershed using SWAT AN - 18905793; 5634312 AB - Precipitation and streamflow data from three nested subwatersheds within the Little Washita River Experimental Watershed (LWREW) in southwestern Oklahoma were used to evaluate the capabilities of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to predict streamflow under varying climatic conditions. Eight years of precipitation and streamflow data were used to calibrate parameters in the model, and 15 years of data were used for model validation. SWAT was calibrated on the smallest and largest subwatersheds for a wetter than average period of record. The model was then validated on a third subwatershed for a range in climatic conditions that included dry, average, and wet periods. Calibration of the model involved a multistep approach. A preliminary calibration was conducted to estimate model parameters so that measured versus simulated yearly and monthly runoff were in agreement for the respective calibration periods. Model parameters were then fine tuned based on a visual inspection of daily hydrographs and flow frequency curves. Calibration on a daily basis resulted in higher baseflows and lower peak runoff rates than were obtained in the preliminary calibration. Test results show that once the model was calibrated for wet climatic conditions, it did a good job in predicting streamflow responses over wet, average, and dry climatic conditions selected for model validation. Monthly coefficients of efficiencies were 0.65, 0.86, and 0.45 for the dry, average, and wet validation periods, respectively. Results of this investigation indicate that once calibrated, SWAT is capable of providing adequate simulations for hydrologic investigations related to the impact of climate variations on water resources of the LWREW. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Van Liew, MW AU - Garbrecht, J AD - USDA-ARS Grazinglands Research Laboratory, 7207 West Cheyenne Street, El Reno, Oklahoma 73036, USA, mvanliew@grl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 413 EP - 426 VL - 39 IS - 2 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - USA, Oklahoma, Washita R. KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Freshwater KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q2 02243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18905793?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Hydrologic+simulation+of+the+Little+Washita+River+experimental+watershed+using+SWAT&rft.au=Van+Liew%2C+MW%3BGarbrecht%2C+J&rft.aulast=Van+Liew&rft.aufirst=MW&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=413&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Age-Specific Reproduction By Female Laughing Gulls (Larus Atricilla) AN - 18862462; 5693923 AB - The age at which female gulls first reproduce is poorly documented. We examined plumage and reproductive organs of Laughing Gulls (Larus atricilla) collected from May-August 2000-2001 at John F. Kennedy International Airport, New York, to determine age-specific reproductive effort. Each gull was classified as one year old (hatched in previous year), two years old, or greater than or equal to 3 years old on the basis of color patterns of the hood and tail feathers and fifth primary flight feather. For females, each ovary was examined to determine if post-ovulatory follicles were present. In 2000 and 2001, the first gulls with postovulatory follicles were recorded on 15 and 18 May, respectively. Overall, 54% of the 211 two-year-old female Laughing Gulls collected during June-August showed evidence of egg laying compared to 88% of the 320 gulls greater than or equal to 3 years old. None of the 50 one-year-old females examined showed evidence of egg laying. Although a lower proportion of two-year-old females laid eggs compared to older gulls, we found no difference (P greater than or equal to 0.06) in mean number of postovulatory follicles or in frequency distribution of numbers of postovulatory follicles for the two age classes for those birds that did lay eggs. Within each sex, mean body mass increased (P < 0.05) with age. Mean left testis length of males increased (P < 0.05) with age. Our findings clearly established that two-year-old female Laughing Gulls can contribute significantly to the annual reproductive effort and that some adult ( greater than or equal to 3 years old) females did not lay eggs.Original Abstract: La edad a la que las gaviotas hembras se reproducen por primera vez esta pobremente documentada. Para determinar el esfuerzo reproductivo de aves de diferentes edades, estudiamos el plumaje y los organos reproductivos de gaviotas Larus atricilla colectadas entre mayo y agosto de 2000 y 2001 en el Aeropuerto Internacional John F. Kennedy de Nueva York. Con base en los patrones de coloracion de la capucha, las plumas de la cola y la quinta pluma primaria de vuelo, cada gaviota fue clasificada como de un ano (nacida el ano anterior), de dos anos, o de 3 o mas anos de edad. En las hembras, cada ovario fue examinado para determinar la presencia de foliculos post-ovulatorios. Las primeras gaviotas con foliculos post-ovulatorios fueron registradas el 15 y 18 de mayo en 2000 y 2001, respectivamente. El 54% de las 211 gaviotas hembras de dos anos de edad colectadas entre junio y agosto mostraron evidencia de haber puesto huevos, en comparacion con el 88% de las 320 gaviotas de 3 anos o mas. Ninguna de las 50 hembras anales examinadas mostro evidencia de haber puesto huevos. Aunque una menor proporcion de las gaviotas de 2 anos pusieron huevos en comparacion con las de mayor edad, no encontramos diferencias (P greater than or equal to 0.06) en el numero promedio de foliculos post-ovulatorios ni en la distribucion de frecuencias del numero de foliculos post-ovulatorios para las dos clases de edad en aquellas aves que pusieron huevos. En cada sexo, el peso corporal promedio aumento con la edad (P < 0.05), al igual que la longitud promedio del testiculo izquierdo de los machos (P < 0.05). Nuestros hallazgos establecen claramente que las gaviotas L. atricilla hembras de dos anos de edad pueden contribuir significativamente al esfuerzo reproductivo anual, y que algunos individuos adultos (de tres o mas anos) no pusieron huevos. JF - Auk AU - Dolbeer, R A AU - Bernhardt, GE AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, 6100 Columbus Avenue, Sandusky, Ohio 44870, USA, dolbeer@usda.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - April 2003 SP - 531 EP - 535 PB - The American Ornithologists' Union VL - 120 IS - 2 SN - 0004-8038, 0004-8038 KW - Laughing gull KW - male left testes length KW - mean body mass KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Marine KW - Age KW - Marine birds KW - Sexual reproduction KW - Age determination KW - Biological age KW - USA, New York KW - Feathers KW - Sexual maturity KW - Analytical techniques KW - Larus atricilla KW - Females KW - Ovaries KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25426:Birds KW - O 1050:Vertebrates, Urochordates and Cephalochordates KW - Q1 08364:Reproduction and development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18862462?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Auk&rft.atitle=Age-Specific+Reproduction+By+Female+Laughing+Gulls+%28Larus+Atricilla%29&rft.au=Dolbeer%2C+R+A%3BBernhardt%2C+GE&rft.aulast=Dolbeer&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=120&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=531&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Auk&rft.issn=00048038&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0004-8038%282003%29120%280531%3AARBFLG%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine birds; Feathers; Sexual maturity; Analytical techniques; Sexual reproduction; Ovaries; Biological age; Age determination; Females; Age; Larus atricilla; USA, New York; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0004-8038(2003)120(0531:ARBFLG)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geographic Distribution and Dispersal Rate of Oxyops Vitiosa (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a Biological Control Agent of the Invasive Tree Melaleuca Quinquenervia in South Florida AN - 18815832; 5658478 AB - We assess the geographic distribution and rate of spread of Oxyops vitiosa (Pascoe), a classical biological control agent of the invasive Australian tree Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S.T. Blake. This weevil has been released at 135 locations in south Florida, where it now occurs in 9 of 19 infested counties. When averaging dispersal distances among four representative sites, O. vitiosa spread at a rate of 0.99 ( plus or minus 0.28) km/yr, ranging from 0.10 to 2.78 km/yr. The rate of spread by O. vitiosa across melaleuca-dominated habitats was influenced by both ecological- and human-mediated parameters, including M. quinquenervia stand fragmentation (spatial separation among host plants), the number of weevils released, and time since release. The rate of spread was positively correlated with stand fragmentation level: high = 2.04, medium = 1.07, and low = 0.30 km /yr. By incorporating the dispersal rate from the highest fragmentation level into a simulation model we predicted that 138 months (June 2008) would be required for 50% of the habitat currently invaded by melaleuca to become infested at an economic weevil density (0.5 individuals per branch tip). At medium and low fragmentations, the model predicts 182 (February 2012) and 191 (November 2012) months, respectively. After examining the output from this basic model, we identified 16 possible redistribution sites that may accelerate the spread of the weevil. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Pratt, P D AU - Slone, D H AU - Rayamajhi, M B AU - Van, T K AU - Center, T D Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 397 EP - 406 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 32 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Bottle brush tree KW - Coleoptera KW - Snout beetles KW - Weevils KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18815832?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Geographic+Distribution+and+Dispersal+Rate+of+Oxyops+Vitiosa+%28Coleoptera%3A+Curculionidae%29%2C+a+Biological+Control+Agent+of+the+Invasive+Tree+Melaleuca+Quinquenervia+in+South+Florida&rft.au=Pratt%2C+P+D%3BSlone%2C+D+H%3BRayamajhi%2C+M+B%3BVan%2C+T+K%3BCenter%2C+T+D&rft.aulast=Pratt&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=397&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282003%29032%280397%3AGDADRO%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2003)032(0397:GDADRO)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phenology of Grape Berry Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Cultivated Grape at Selected Geographic Locations AN - 18805832; 5658471 AB - The grape berry moth, Endopiza viteana (Clemens) feeds on wild and cultivated Vitis spp., causing economic damage in the latter. We studied incidence of pheromone trap catch data, and combined this with previous work on development and diapause to construct a comprehensive model of the temporal dynamics of E. viteana . We explored the behavior of this model in six eastern United States locations along Lakes Erie and Michigan, the Finger Lakes in New York, and in Missouri and Virginia. Voltinism of E. viteana is influenced by the accumulated growing degree-days before the postsummer solstice photoperiod at which eggs develop exclusively into diapausing pupae. Our model generally predicted two full and a partial third generation in Geneva, NY, whereas partial fourth generations existed in vineyards along Lakes Erie and Michigan. In more southern latitudes, such as Missouri and Virginia, the absence of a partial fourth generation would be rare. Also, our model suggested the presence of clinal latitudinal variation in diapause induction, with southern populations of E. viteana responding to shorter daylengths than northern populations. These predictions, based on average 10-yr surface temperatures (1991-2000), are supported by past observations and explain the variability in voltinism from year to year that has been reported in the northeastern United States and Niagara Peninsula of Canada. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Tobin, P C AU - Nagarkatti, S AU - Saunders, M C AD - Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, 501 Agricultural Sciences and Industries Building, University Park, PA 16802-3508, ptobin@biir.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 340 EP - 346 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 32 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Grapes KW - Leaf rollers KW - Lepidoptera KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18805832?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Phenology+of+Grape+Berry+Moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Tortricidae%29+in+Cultivated+Grape+at+Selected+Geographic+Locations&rft.au=Tobin%2C+P+C%3BNagarkatti%2C+S%3BSaunders%2C+M+C&rft.aulast=Tobin&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=340&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282003%29032%280340%3APOGBML%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2003)032(0340:POGBML)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of postharvest burning and fungicides to reduce the polyetic rate of increase of choke disease in orchardgrass seed production AN - 18798125; 5675384 AB - Epichloe typhina, causal agent of choke disease, is detrimental to orchardgrass seed production. The fungus grows systemically, persists indefinitely as an endophyte within the perennial host, and produces a stroma bearing conidia and ascospores at the time of host flowering. The ascospores or conidia are thought to infect plants through the cut ends of tillers after swathing at harvest. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of systemic fungicides and postharvest treatments (burning and reclipping) to reduce the rate of increase of choke disease among plants. The fungicides propiconazole and azoxystrobin reduced germination of conidia of E. typhina in vitro, but had no effect on development of stroma or viability of conidia produced on infected plants. In field tests, fungicides applied to the cut ends of tillers after harvest were ineffective at reducing the rate of increase in disease. Likewise, reclipping of orchardgrass stubble after harvest, in an attempt to remove incipient infections in the tillers, did not reduce the rate of disease increase in the stand. However, propane-assisted burning of postharvest stubble did reduce the polyetic epidemic rate to 2.7% per year, compared with approximately 9.2% per year in plots receiving the fungicide, reclipping, or control treatments. The results suggest that postharvest burning may be useful in controlling choke disease and raise the possibility that there are infection courts other than the pith of cut reproductive tillers. JF - Plant Disease AU - Pfender, W F AU - Alderman, S C AD - USDA-ARS National Forage Seed Production Research Center/Oregon State University Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis 97331, USA, pfenderw@onid.orst.edu Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 375 EP - 379 VL - 87 IS - 4 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - azoxystrobin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18798125?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+postharvest+burning+and+fungicides+to+reduce+the+polyetic+rate+of+increase+of+choke+disease+in+orchardgrass+seed+production&rft.au=Pfender%2C+W+F%3BAlderman%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Pfender&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=375&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of a seed scarifier for detection and enumeration of galls of Anguina and Rathayibacter species in orchard grass seed AN - 18796082; 5675378 AB - Seed galls, caused by Anguina spp., are normally detected visually in cereals such as wheat and barley. However, in grasses such as orchard grass, the presence of galls induced by Anguina or Rathayibacter spp. are difficult to detect visually due to their infrequent occurrence and masking by lemmas and paleas. To develop improved seed assays for the presence of the nematode and bacterial galls, a small scarifier was used to remove lemmas and paleas without causing major damage to seeds or galls. Following scarification, the galls were visually identified and manually counted under a dissecting microscope. Using the scarifier, several orchard grass seed lots were screened for Anguina and Rathayibacter spp. The percentage of samples of orchard grass seed harvested in the Willamette Valley of Oregon during 1996, 1997, and 2000 containing galls of Anguina sp. were 37, 46, and 48, respectively. The percentage of samples containing bacterial galls with Rathayibacter sp. was 27, 31, and 40, respectively. Total galls with Anguina sp. per 25 g of orchard grass sample ranged from 1 to 24. The mean of Anguina sp. galls per sample in 1996, 1997, and 2000 were 4, 5, and 5, respectively. Total galls with bacteria per 25 g of sample ranged from 27 to 40; mean number of galls per sample in 1996, 1997, and 2000 were, 6, 5, and 11, respectively. This is the first report confirming the presence of Rathayibacter sp. galls in orchard grass in Oregon. JF - Plant Disease AU - Alderman, S C AU - Bilsland, D M AU - Griesbach, JA AU - Milbrath, G M AU - Schaad, N W AU - Postnikova, E AD - USDA-ARS National Forage Seed Production Research Center, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA, aldermas@onid.orst.edu Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 320 EP - 323 VL - 87 IS - 4 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01028:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18796082?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Use+of+a+seed+scarifier+for+detection+and+enumeration+of+galls+of+Anguina+and+Rathayibacter+species+in+orchard+grass+seed&rft.au=Alderman%2C+S+C%3BBilsland%2C+D+M%3BGriesbach%2C+JA%3BMilbrath%2C+G+M%3BSchaad%2C+N+W%3BPostnikova%2C+E&rft.aulast=Alderman&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=320&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of White-tailed Deer Digestion on Running Buffalo Clover (Trifolium stoloniferum: Fabaceae Muhl. ex A. Eaton) Germination AN - 18768315; 5631198 AB - We compared the germination rates of running buffalo clover (Trifolium stoloniferum) seeds that had been passed through the digestive tract of a captive white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) with those that had not. We found no significant difference among germination rates of seeds passed through deer and those not, nor with seeds that were cold-stratified prior to planting and those that were not. Although white-tailed deer are viable vectors for running buffalo clover seed, our data suggest that the rates of ingested seed germination and survival are low. Dispersal and establishment of new populations by white-tailed deer herbivory may not contribute quickly or significantly to the recovery of running buffalo clover at present. JF - American Midland Naturalist AU - Ford, WM AU - Madarish, D AU - Schuler, T M AU - Castleberry, S B AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, Parsons, West Virginia 26287 Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 425 EP - 428 PB - University of Notre Dame VL - 149 IS - 2 SN - 0003-0031, 0003-0031 KW - Running buffalo clover KW - White-tailed deer KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04636:Grasses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18768315?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Midland+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Influence+of+White-tailed+Deer+Digestion+on+Running+Buffalo+Clover+%28Trifolium+stoloniferum%3A+Fabaceae+Muhl.+ex+A.+Eaton%29+Germination&rft.au=Ford%2C+WM%3BMadarish%2C+D%3BSchuler%2C+T+M%3BCastleberry%2C+S+B&rft.aulast=Ford&rft.aufirst=WM&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=149&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=425&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Midland+Naturalist&rft.issn=00030031&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0003-0031%282003%29149%280425%3AIOWTDD%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0003-0031&volume=149&page=425 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0003-0031(2003)149(0425:IOWTDD)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing the impacts of global warming on forest pest dynamics AN - 18765471; 5633547 AB - Forest insects and pathogens are the most pervasive and important agents of disturbance in North American forests, affecting an area almost 50 times larger than fire and with an economic impact nearly five times as great. The same attributes that result in an insect herbivore being termed a "pest" predispose it to disruption by climate change, particularly global warming. Although many pest species have co-evolved relationships with forest hosts that may or may not be harmful over the long term, the effects on these relationships may have disastrous consequences. We consider both the data and models necessary to evaluate the impacts of climate change, as well as the assessments that have been made to date. The results indicate that all aspects of insect outbreak behavior will intensify as the climate warms. This reinforces the need for more detailed monitoring and evaluations as climatic events unfold. Luckily, we are well placed to make rapid progress, using software tools, databases, and the models that are already available. JF - Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment AU - Logan, JA AU - Regniere, J AU - Powell, JA AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Logan Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 860 N 1200 East, Logan, UT 84321, USA, jlogan@cc.usu.edu Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 130 EP - 137 VL - 1 IS - 3 SN - 1540-9295, 1540-9295 KW - Forests KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04120:Woodlands UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18765471?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+Ecology+and+the+Environment&rft.atitle=Assessing+the+impacts+of+global+warming+on+forest+pest+dynamics&rft.au=Logan%2C+JA%3BRegniere%2C+J%3BPowell%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Logan&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=130&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Frontiers+in+Ecology+and+the+Environment&rft.issn=15409295&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fire and Shade Effects on Ground Cover Structure in Kirtland's Warbler Habitat AN - 18763622; 5631187 AB - Researchers and managers have suggested that a narrow range of ground-cover structure resulting from fire might be necessary for suitable Kirtland's warbler nesting conditions. Yet, Kirtland's warblers have bred successfully in numerous unburned stands and there is little direct evidence to indicate that ground cover structure is a limiting factor for nest sites or habitat suitability within appropriate landform-ecosystems. We documented the range of percent cover for dominant ground-cover structural components in burned and unburned habitat (stand ages 7-23 y) occupied by Kirtland's warblers. The mean percent cover for the dominant ground-cover structural components was lichen/moss (12.1%), blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) (9.5%), bare ground and litter (5.6%), sedge/grass (5.2%), deadwood (4.3%), sand cherry (Prunus pumila) (3.3%), sweet fern (Comptonia peregrina) (2.3%), coarse grass (1.8%) and bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursai) (1.2%). Burned sites had significantly more deadwood, sweet fern and lichen/moss cover, while unburned sites had significantly more bare ground and sedge /grass.We also investigated how fire, shade-history (i.e. , pre-fire tree crown cover approximated by tree height and density) and succession influenced the percent cover of the dominant ground-cover structural components from 1 to 5-y after wildfire disturbance. The magnitude of differences in percent cover among shade-histories changed through time for the ground-cover components sand cherry, deadwood, grass/sedge and coarse grass. The percent cover of sweet fern, bearberry and bare ground was significantly different between some shade-histories. All dominant ground-cover components showed significant difference between at least one shade-history when compared to an unburned harvested reference stand. This suggests that more similarities exist among the three burned sites than between the burned sites and the unburned reference site. Our results suggest that fire, shade-history and succession influence ground-cover, but that various ground-cover components are affected differently by these factors. Because of the complex role disturbance history plays in maintaining ground-cover in Kirtland's warbler habitat, optimal management prescriptions are difficult to specify, especially when aspects of Kirtland's warbler ecology other than nest location are also considered. Although suitable ground cover structure can result without fire, maintaining prescribed fire is still desirable because this is a historically fire-regulated system. However, the range of ground-cover structures accepted by the Kirtland's Warbler and its resilience to disturbance suggests that suitable ground-cover for Kirtland's warbler could be maintained in some stands without burning after every timber harvest. JF - American Midland Naturalist AU - Probst, J R AU - Donnerwright, D AD - USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, Wisconsin 54501, jprobst@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 320 EP - 334 PB - University of Notre Dame VL - 149 IS - 2 SN - 0003-0031, 0003-0031 KW - Kirtland's warbler KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18763622?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Midland+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Fire+and+Shade+Effects+on+Ground+Cover+Structure+in+Kirtland%27s+Warbler+Habitat&rft.au=Probst%2C+J+R%3BDonnerwright%2C+D&rft.aulast=Probst&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=149&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=320&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Midland+Naturalist&rft.issn=00030031&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0003-0031%282003%29149%280320%3AFASEOG%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0003-0031&volume=149&page=320 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0003-0031(2003)149(0320:FASEOG)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cloning and analysis of the mating-type idiomorphs from the barley pathogen Septoria passerinii AN - 18747544; 5619286 AB - The genus Septoria contains more than 1000 species of plant pathogenic fungi, most of which have no known sexual stage. Species of Septoria without a known sexual stage could be recent derivatives of sexual species that have lost the ability to mate. To test this hypothesis, the mating-type region of S. passerinii, a species with no known sexual stage, was cloned, sequenced, and compared to that of its close relative S. tritici (sexual stage: Mycosphaerella graminicola). Both of the S. passerinii mating-type idiomorphs were approximately 3 kb in size and contained a single reading frame interrupted by one (MAT-2) or two (MAT-1) putative introns. The putative products of MAT-1 and MAT-2 are characterized by alpha-box and high-mobility-group sequences, respectively, similar to those in the mating-type genes of M. graminicola and other fungi. The mating-type genes of S. passerinii and M. graminicola are evolving rapidly, approximately ten times faster than the internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal DNA, and are not closely related to those from Cochliobolus or other loculoascomycetes in the order Pleosporales. Therefore, the class Loculoascomycetes may be polyphyletic. Furthermore, differences between the phylogenetic trees may indicate separate evolutionary histories for the MAT-1 and MAT-2 idiomorphs. A three-primer multiplex-PCR technique was developed that allowed rapid identification of the mating types of isolates of S. passerinii. Both mating types were present in approximately equal frequencies and often on the same leaf in fields in Minnesota and North Dakota. Analyses with isozyme and random amplified polymorphic DNA markers revealed that each isolate had a unique genotype. The common occurrence of both mating types on the same leaf and the high levels of genotypic diversity indicate that S. passerinii is almost certainly not an asexual derivative of a sexual fungus. Instead, sexual reproduction probably plays an integral role in the life cycle of S. passerinii and may be much more important than previously believed in this (and possibly other) "asexual" species of Septoria. JF - Molecular Genetics and Genomics AU - Goodwin, S B AU - Waalwijk, C AU - Kema, G H AU - Cavaletto, J R AU - Zhang, G AD - USDA-ARS, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, 915 West State Street, IN 47907-2054, West Lafayette, USA, sgoodwin@purdue.edu Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Springer-Verlag, [URL:http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00438/bibs/3269 001/32690001.htm] VL - 269 IS - 1 SN - 1617-4615, 1617-4615 KW - Barley KW - idiomorphs KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Genetics Abstracts KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - G 07330:Fungal genetics KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 310:Agricultural Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18747544?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Genetics+and+Genomics&rft.atitle=Cloning+and+analysis+of+the+mating-type+idiomorphs+from+the+barley+pathogen+Septoria+passerinii&rft.au=Goodwin%2C+S+B%3BWaalwijk%2C+C%3BKema%2C+G+H%3BCavaletto%2C+J+R%3BZhang%2C+G&rft.aulast=Goodwin&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=269&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Genetics+and+Genomics&rft.issn=16174615&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00438-002-0795-x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00438-002-0795-x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transmission of Maize streak virus by vascular puncture inoculation with unit-length genomic DNA AN - 18742784; 5623910 AB - The infectivity of cloned unit-length genomes of Maize streak virus (MSV) was tested using vascular puncture inoculation (VPI). VPI of kernels with plasmid DNA (pUC19) carrying a tandem repeat of the MSV genome produced 33 plus or minus 8% infection. Similar plasmids carrying the unit-length MSV genome were not infectious. If the MSV genome was released from the plasmid prior to VPI, 16 plus or minus 4% of plants became infected. Ligation of the free linear MSV genome did not increase infectivity. The three infective inocula produced symptoms of similar severity in maize. Bioassay of systemically infected leaves indicated the virus was equally infectious regardless of inoculum. In Southern blots of bioassay plants, no differences in MSV genome restriction endonuclease sites were observed. Thus, inoculation with the free linear or circularized MSV unit-length genome produced infections similar to those with plasmids carrying tandemly repeated genomes. The infectivity of free linear MSV unit-length genomes will facilitate molecular analysis of MSV, because cloning steps are minimized. JF - Journal of Virological Methods AU - Redinbaugh, M G AD - USDA-ARS Corn and Soybean Research and Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio Agriculture Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 95 EP - 98 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 109 IS - 1 SN - 0166-0934, 0166-0934 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops KW - V 22186:Transmission UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18742784?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.atitle=Transmission+of+Maize+streak+virus+by+vascular+puncture+inoculation+with+unit-length+genomic+DNA&rft.au=Redinbaugh%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Redinbaugh&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.issn=01660934&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0166-0934%2803%2900044-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-0934(03)00044-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic mapping of the chicken stem cell antigen 2 (SCA2) gene to chromosome 2 via PCR primer mutagenesis AN - 18735782; 5603228 JF - Animal Genetics AU - Liu, H AU - Cheng, H H AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, Michigan, MI, USA, hcheng@pilot.msu.edu Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 158 EP - 160 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 34 IS - 2 SN - 0268-9146, 0268-9146 KW - Chickens KW - Red junglefowl KW - SCA2 gene KW - chickens KW - chromosome 2 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - G 07377:Birds KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 350:Bioinformatics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18735782?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Animal+Genetics&rft.atitle=Genetic+mapping+of+the+chicken+stem+cell+antigen+2+%28SCA2%29+gene+to+chromosome+2+via+PCR+primer+mutagenesis&rft.au=Liu%2C+H%3BCheng%2C+H+H&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=158&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Animal+Genetics&rft.issn=02689146&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2052.2003.00965_10.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2052.2003.00965_10.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of immunofluorescence assay and immunomagnetic electrochemiluminescence in detection of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in karst water samples AN - 18734171; 5612977 AB - Immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and immunomagnetic electrochemiluminescence (IM-ECL) were used for comparison of the percent recovery of Cryptosporidium parvum in environmental water samples obtained from a spring draining a karst basin. The monoclonal antibodies to C. parvum, isotype IgG3 were used for optimization of the IM-ECL protocol. The combination of biotinylated and TAG-labeled anti-C. parvum antibodies with the streptavidin beads gave a linear regression slope for log ECL vs. log fresh oocysts of 0.79 (from 5 to 5000 oocysts), which indicates a constant ECL signal per oocyst. Standard curves gave a dynamic range of 5 to 5000 oocysts/ml (fresh) and 10 to 100,000 cells/ml (4-month-old oocysts) with the maximum limit of linear detection higher than 100,000. The linear slope of 4-month-old oocysts decreased to 0.62, which indicates that ECL signal is a function of oocyst age. The experiment associated with bead storage time shows that even after 4 months of storage of the biotinylated antibodies, the complex retains the ability for binding the oocysts and generating the ECL signal. Based on the IFA results in the experiment evaluating different protocols for oocysts recovery from karst water samples, the most efficient protocol involved dispersion, followed by flotation and immunomagnetic separation (IMS) (24% recovery). The ECL results obtained in that experiment were very similar to the results obtained in the IFA method, which indicates that the IM-ECL method is accurate. Results of the IFA in the study of the prevalence of C. parvum in the groundwater showed that oocysts were present in 78% of 1 L water samples with average number of oocysts of 6.4 plus or minus 5.5 and ranged from 0 (13 samples) to 23.3 (2 samples). The ECL signal generated from these water samples ranged from 3771 to 622 (average 1620 plus or minus 465). However, the background value estimated in groundwater samples with low number of oocysts detected by IFA was highly variable and elevated (from 3702 to 272, average 1503 plus or minus 475). The background value as a result of nonspecific binding to beads by unidentified organic components in the water can inhibit or even completely mask the signal generated by oocysts. Our investigations showed that the IM-ECL method appears to be promising for the qualitative and quantitative detection of C. parvum from the environmental water; however, the method requires further development to improve sensitivity and account for background signals. JF - Journal of Microbiological Methods AU - Kuczynska, E AU - Boyer, D G AU - Shelton AD - Appalachian Farming Systems Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, ARS, 1224 Airport Road, Beaver, WV 25813-9423, USA, dboyer@afsrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 17 EP - 26 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 53 IS - 1 SN - 0167-7012, 0167-7012 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - K 03071:Protozoa KW - W2 32240:Immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18734171?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Microbiological+Methods&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+immunofluorescence+assay+and+immunomagnetic+electrochemiluminescence+in+detection+of+Cryptosporidium+parvum+oocysts+in+karst+water+samples&rft.au=Kuczynska%2C+E%3BBoyer%2C+D+G%3BShelton&rft.aulast=Kuczynska&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Microbiological+Methods&rft.issn=01677012&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0167-7012%2802%2900211-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-7012(02)00211-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A simple micro-growth assay for enumerating bacteria AN - 18733652; 5612984 AB - A simple method for nonspecific determination of bacteria concentrations in a variety of liquid samples was developed. The assay was based on the time required for a sample grown in liquid media to reach a threshold turbidity. Samples were combined with media in a covered 96-well microwell plate and the turbidity was monitored in real time as the bacteria grew in a temperature-controlled plate reader. A significant problem with growth in microwells was condensation on the cover, which prevented accurate turbidity measurement. This problem was overcome by coating the cover with a small amount of surface-active agent. Salmonella and E. coli concentrations could be determined with a relative error of approximately 20% at levels from 10 to 10 super(6) cells/ml (eight replicates). An assay of 10 samples with standards required 10 min to set up and 20 min for data processing using a computer spreadsheet program. Growth time at 37 degree C ranged from 4 h for samples at 10 super(7) cells/ml to 16 h for samples at 10 cells/ml. JF - Journal of Microbiological Methods AU - Brewster, J D AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Philadelphia, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 77 EP - 86 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 53 IS - 1 SN - 0167-7012, 0167-7012 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18733652?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Microbiological+Methods&rft.atitle=A+simple+micro-growth+assay+for+enumerating+bacteria&rft.au=Brewster%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Brewster&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Microbiological+Methods&rft.issn=01677012&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0167-7012%2802%2900226-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-7012(02)00226-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Anomalies in species identification of enterococci from veterinary sources using a commercial biochemical identification system AN - 18730617; 5603210 AB - A commercial biochemical panel ID kit was used to identify presumptive enterococci isolates of veterinary or agricultural origin obtained during different steps of culture. Fifty isolates identified as enterococci using a genus PCR assay were tested for genus and species identification using the BBL Crystal Identification Gram-Positive ID kit (Becton Dickinson, Sparks, MD, USA). Following sub-culture of the isolates three times, 59% agreement with the original panel ID was obtained. After four and six sub-cultures, percentage agreement increased to 61 and 64%, respectively. Nineteen of the 50 cultures were identified as both Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium. As a result of the variability between speciation of isolates following re-culture, additional methods for speciation are warranted. This study suggests that the identification of the genus and species of non-human enterococcal isolates can vary greatly during successive passages when using this kit. JF - Letters in Applied Microbiology AU - Hudson, C AU - Fedorka-Cray, P AU - Jackson-Hall, M AU - Hiott, L AD - Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Russell Research Center, Athens, GA, chudson@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 245 EP - 250 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 36 IS - 4 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18730617?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Anomalies+in+species+identification+of+enterococci+from+veterinary+sources+using+a+commercial+biochemical+identification+system&rft.au=Hudson%2C+C%3BFedorka-Cray%2C+P%3BJackson-Hall%2C+M%3BHiott%2C+L&rft.aulast=Hudson&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=245&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1472-765X.2003.01302.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-765X.2003.01302.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of Ribotyping and Restriction Enzyme Analysis for Inter- and Intraspecies Discrimination of Bordetella avium and Bordetella hinzii AN - 18723960; 5597443 AB - Bordetella avium is an avian respiratory disease pathogen responsible for substantial economic losses to the turkey industry. The inability to distinguish isolates has hampered outbreak investigations and prevents a complete understanding of transmission mechanisms. Isolates of Bordetella hinzii, often referred to as B. avium-like or as Alcaligenes faecalis type II prior to 1995, have also been acquired from the respiratory tracts of diseased poultry but are not believed to be pathogenic for birds. Therefore, differentiating between B. avium and B. hinzii is of importance for veterinary diagnostic laboratories. It was recently reported that both PvuII ribotyping and HinfI/DdeI restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) show promise for distinguishing isolates of B. avium and B. hinzii. Here we compare the ability of these techniques to discern inter- and intraspecies differences. While both approaches distinguished numerous types within a species, only REA was sufficiently discriminatory for routine use as an epidemiologic tool. Both techniques clearly distinguish between B. avium and B. hinzii, although the results of ribotyping are more easily interpreted. Ribotyping and REA identified numerous, previously unrecognized B. hinzii strains from a collection of bordetella isolates, including one acquired from a rabbit. This is the first report of B. hinzii isolation from a nonhuman mammalian species. At least some of the newly recognized B. hinzii isolates have been previously reported to cause disease in poults, suggesting that the pathogenicity of this agent for poultry should be more rigorously examined. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Register, K B AU - Sacco, R E AU - Nordholm, GE AD - Swine Respiratory Diseases Project, USDA/ARS/National Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 70, 2300 Dayton Rd., Ames, IA 50010, kregiste@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 1512 EP - 1519 VL - 41 IS - 4 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - identification KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18723960?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+Ribotyping+and+Restriction+Enzyme+Analysis+for+Inter-+and+Intraspecies+Discrimination+of+Bordetella+avium+and+Bordetella+hinzii&rft.au=Register%2C+K+B%3BSacco%2C+R+E%3BNordholm%2C+GE&rft.aulast=Register&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1512&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.41.4.1512-1519.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.4.1512-1519.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioconversions of maize residues to value-added coproducts using yeast-like fungi AN - 18700691; 5589332 AB - Agricultural residues are abundant potential feedstocks for bioconversions to industrial fuels and chemicals. Every bushel of maize (approximately 25 kg) processed for sweeteners, oil, or ethanol generates nearly 7 kg of protein- and fiber-rich residues. Currently these materials are sold for very low returns as animal feed ingredients. Yeast-like fungi are promising biocatalysts for conversions of agricultural residues. Although corn fiber (pericarp) arabinoxylan is resistant to digestion by commercially available enzymes, a crude mixture of enzymes from the yeast-like fungus Aureobasidium partially saccharifies corn fiber without chemical pretreatment. Sugars derived from corn fiber can be converted to ethanol or other valuable products using a variety of naturally occurring or recombinant yeasts. Examples are presented of Pichia guilliermondii strains for the conversion of corn fiber hydrolysates to the alternative sweetener xylitol. Corn-based fuel ethanol production also generates enormous volumes of low-value stillage residues. These nutritionally rich materials are prospective substrates for numerous yeast fermentations. Strains of Aureobasidium and the red yeast Phaffia rhodozyma utilize stillage residues for production of the polysaccharide pullulan and the carotenoid astaxanthin, respectively. JF - FEMS Yeast Research AU - Leathers, T D AD - Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604, USA, leathetd@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 133 EP - 140 VL - 3 IS - 2 SN - 1567-1356, 1567-1356 KW - astaxanthin KW - bioconversion KW - corn fiber KW - maize KW - pullulan KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - K 03097:Food microbiology & fermentation KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18700691?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Yeast+Research&rft.atitle=Bioconversions+of+maize+residues+to+value-added+coproducts+using+yeast-like+fungi&rft.au=Leathers%2C+T+D&rft.aulast=Leathers&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Yeast+Research&rft.issn=15671356&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1567-1356%2803%2900003-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1567-1356(03)00003-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Discrimination among Listeria monocytogenes isolates using a mixed genome DNA microarray AN - 18685169; 5572448 AB - Listeria monocytogenes can cause serious illness in humans, usually following the ingestion of contaminated food. Epidemiologic investigation requires identification of specific isolates, usually done by a combination of serotyping and subtyping using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). DNA microarrays provide a new format to resolve genetic differences among isolates and, unlike PFGE, to identify specific genes associated with the infecting pathogen. A 585 probe, mixed genome microarray was constructed and 24 strains of L. monocytogenes were hybridized to the array. Microarray analysis allowed discrimination among L. monocytogenes isolates within a serotype and obtained from similar geographic and epidemiologic sources. Importantly, the microarray results preserved previously described phylogenetic relationships between major serogroups and, in a limited comparison, agreed with PFGE subtypes. The association of individual probes with isolates allowed identification of specific genes. Sequencing of 10 polymorphic probes identified nine matches with previously described bacterial genes including several suspected virulence factors. These results demonstrate that mixed genomic microarrays are useful for differentiating among closely related L. monocytogenes isolates and identifying genetic markers that can be used in epidemiologic and possibly pathogenesis studies. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Borucki, M K AU - Krug, MJ AU - Muraoka, W T AU - Call AD - Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Pullman, WA 99164-6630, USA, mborucki@vetmed.wsu.edu Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 351 EP - 362 VL - 92 IS - 4 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - DNA microarrays KW - pulsed-field gel electrophoresis KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18685169?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Discrimination+among+Listeria+monocytogenes+isolates+using+a+mixed+genome+DNA+microarray&rft.au=Borucki%2C+M+K%3BKrug%2C+MJ%3BMuraoka%2C+W+T%3BCall&rft.aulast=Borucki&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=351&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1135%2802%2900423-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1135(02)00423-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Time changes in spatial structure of surface variability in the Southern Great Plains AN - 18668816; 5571396 AB - This study focuses on time changes in the spatial structure of vegetation density and land surface temperature derived from satellite remote sensing in the Southern Great Plains. In this region the spatial distribution of vegetation density for a diverse land surface was anisotropic and statistically heterogeneous. As a drying period progressed, heterogeneity decreased slightly and the variability became more dependent on smaller length scales. Within similar land cover classifications, vegetation density was approximately homogeneous with a correlation scale up to 40 km. In the same region, land surface temperature exhibited anisotropy and heterogeneity with dramatic changes in structure from day-to-day. Land cover did not exert a significant control on the land surface temperature structure. JF - Advances in Water Resources AU - Cosh, M H AU - Stedinger, J AU - Brutsaert, W AD - USDA-ARS, Hydrology and Remote Sensing Lab, 104 Building 007, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, mcosh@hydrolab.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 407 EP - 415 VL - 26 IS - 4 SN - 0309-1708, 0309-1708 KW - USA, Great Plains KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Remote Sensing KW - Anisotropy KW - Remote sensing KW - Temperature KW - Vegetation KW - Spatial Distribution KW - Terrain Analysis KW - Time dependent KW - Distribution (Mathematical) KW - Terrain KW - Heterogeneity KW - Temporal Distribution KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18668816?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+Water+Resources&rft.atitle=Time+changes+in+spatial+structure+of+surface+variability+in+the+Southern+Great+Plains&rft.au=Cosh%2C+M+H%3BStedinger%2C+J%3BBrutsaert%2C+W&rft.aulast=Cosh&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=407&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+Water+Resources&rft.issn=03091708&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0309-1708%2802%2900170-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Time dependent; Anisotropy; Distribution (Mathematical); Temperature; Remote sensing; Vegetation; Heterogeneity; Terrain; Remote Sensing; Spatial Distribution; Temporal Distribution; Terrain Analysis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1708(02)00170-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carbon emissions from fires in tropical and subtropical ecosystems AN - 18026126; 5603499 AB - Global carbon emissions from fires are difficult to quantify and have the potential to influence interannual variability and long-term trends in atmospheric CO sub(2) concentrations. We used 4 years of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Visible and Infrared Scanner (VIRS) satellite data and a biogeochemical model to assess spatial and temporal variability of carbon emissions from tropical fires. The TRMM satellite data extended between 38 degree N and 38 degree S and covered the period from 1998 to 2001. A relationship between TRMM fire counts and burned area was derived using estimates of burned area from other satellite fire products in Africa and Australia and reported burned areas from the United States. We modified the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford-Approach (CASA) biogeochemical model to account for both direct combustion losses and the decomposition from fire-induced mortality, using both TRMM and Sea-viewing Wide Field of view Sensor (SeaWiFS) satellite data as model drivers. Over the 1998-2001 period, we estimated that the sum of carbon emissions from tropical fires and fuel wood use was 2.6 Pg C yr super(-1). An additional flux of 1.2 Pg C yr super(-1) was released indirectly, as a result of decomposition of vegetation killed by fire but not combusted. The sum of direct and indirect carbon losses from fires represented 9% of tropical and subtropical net primary production (NPP). We found that including fire processes in the tropics substantially alters the seasonal cycle of net biome production by shifting carbon losses to months with low soil moisture and low rates of soil microbial respiration. Consequently, accounting for fires increases growing season net flux by similar to 12% between 38 degree N and 38 degree S, with the greatest effect occurring in highly productive savanna regions. JF - Global Change Biology AU - Van Der werf, GR AU - Randerson, J T AU - Collatz, G J AU - Giglio, L AD - USDA-FAS, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 923, Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA, guido@ltpmail.gsfc.nasa.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 547 EP - 562 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 9 IS - 4 SN - 1354-1013, 1354-1013 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Carbon dioxide trends KW - Fires KW - Growing season KW - Carbon emission from fires KW - Ecosystems KW - Biogeochemistry KW - Carbon cycle KW - Environmental modeling KW - Primary production KW - Carbon emissions KW - Interannual variability KW - Satellite data KW - USA KW - Tropical environment KW - Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) KW - Africa KW - Australia KW - Soil moisture KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Spatial variability KW - M2 551.510.42:Air Pollution (551.510.42) KW - M2 551.509.6/.9:Modification (551.509.6/.9) KW - D 04500:Atmosphere UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18026126?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Change+Biology&rft.atitle=Carbon+emissions+from+fires+in+tropical+and+subtropical+ecosystems&rft.au=Van+Der+werf%2C+GR%3BRanderson%2C+J+T%3BCollatz%2C+G+J%3BGiglio%2C+L&rft.aulast=Van+Der+werf&rft.aufirst=GR&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=547&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Change+Biology&rft.issn=13541013&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2486.2003.00604.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Africa; Australia; Fires; Tropical environment; Carbon cycle; Biogeochemistry; Primary production; Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM); Satellite data; Carbon emissions; Carbon emission from fires; Carbon dioxide; Interannual variability; Growing season; Ecosystems; Soil moisture; Spatial variability; Carbon dioxide trends; Environmental modeling DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00604.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling Effects of Partial Rootzone Irrigation on Stomatal Conductance and Transpiration of Young Citrus Trees AN - 17882730; 5915797 AB - Partial rootzone irrigation has been proposed for decreasing the amount of water applied to citrus. The computer model WATFLO was developed to investigate how environmental, plant, and soil factors influence water use of young citrus trees with all or only part of their root systems irrigated. Solar radiation, dry-bulb temperature, dewpoint temperature, leaf area, root length density, soil volume, and soil water-holding characteristics are specified. Soil water movement to roots is computed using microscopic-scale radial flow to individual roots. Leaf stomatal conductance regulates actual transpiration in response to solar radiation, atmospheric evaporative demand, and soil water potential in the immediate vicinity of the roots, which is compatible with concepts of root-to-shoot abscisic acid signals that control leaf stomatal conductance. Three methods of calculating the effective soil water potential for governing leaf stomatal conductance were investigated. Partial rootzone irrigation is accomplished by dividing the rooting volume into four compartments and specifying the initial soil water content of each compartment. Predicted transpiration rates of young citrus trees with all or three-quarters of the compartments irrigated were in good agreement with measured values for young irrigated citrus trees in controlled-environment chambers. Predicted transpiration of trees with one-half or one-quarter of the compartments irrigated decreased during the afternoon due to reduced stomatal conductance in response to simulated depletion of soil water adjacent to the roots. The model indicates that partial rootzone irrigation may limit plant transpiration (with implicit plant water stress), especially if rooting volumes are small and soils are sandy with low water-holding capacity. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Brakke, M P AU - Allen, LH Jr AU - Jones, J W AD - USDA-ARS and Agronomy Department, Building 350, P.O. Box 110965, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-0965, USA, lhajr@mail.ifas.ufl.edu Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 345 EP - 357 VL - 46 IS - 2 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Soil Water Movement KW - Solar Radiation KW - Trees KW - Temperature KW - Roots KW - Soil Water KW - Transpiration KW - Water Stress KW - Model Studies KW - Water Use KW - Soil Water Potential KW - Irrigation Effects KW - Irrigation Water KW - Cultivated Lands KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17882730?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Modeling+Effects+of+Partial+Rootzone+Irrigation+on+Stomatal+Conductance+and+Transpiration+of+Young+Citrus+Trees&rft.au=Brakke%2C+M+P%3BAllen%2C+LH+Jr%3BJones%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Brakke&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solar Radiation; Soil Water Movement; Trees; Temperature; Roots; Soil Water; Transpiration; Water Use; Model Studies; Water Stress; Soil Water Potential; Irrigation Water; Irrigation Effects; Cultivated Lands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Physical and Stratigraphic Characteristics of Sediments Impounded within a Flood Control Reservoir in Oklahoma AN - 17683345; 5915790 AB - Since 1948, the USDA-NRCS has constructed almost 11,000 upstream flood control dams across the U.S., and many of the reservoirs are filling with sediment as they near the end of their 50-year economic life. Removing the sediment remains a viable option for dam rehabilitation, yet little information exists on the physical and spatial characteristics of sediments impounded by these small reservoirs. To this end, the characteristics of sediment impounded in a flood control reservoir in Oklahoma were defined. Ten continuous, undisturbed sediment cores were obtained using vibracoring equipment, and the subsurface sediment distributions were imaged using an acoustic profiling system. Stratigraphic analyses showed that silt- and clay-sized sediments dominate the deposits within the reservoir pool, relatively high silt and clay contents were associated with relatively high total organic contents (about 2% by mass), and sand deposition was restricted to tributary and surface erosion sources. Stratigraphic correlation of sediment units across the reservoir was possible using the acoustic profiling results, pre-impoundment sediment was discriminated from post-construction deposition, and a map showing total thickness of deposited sediment was constructed. These results provide detailed information on sedimentation characteristics within a typical USDA-NRCS flood control reservoir. Moreover, the methods used herein were shown to effectively quantify reservoir sedimentation, which is critically important in reservoir management and rehabilitation programs nationwide. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Bennett, S J AU - Dunbar, JA AD - USDA-ARS National Sedimentation Laboratory, P.O. Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655, USA, sjbennett@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 269 EP - 277 VL - 46 IS - 2 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation KW - Q2 02264:Sediments and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17683345?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Physical+and+Stratigraphic+Characteristics+of+Sediments+Impounded+within+a+Flood+Control+Reservoir+in+Oklahoma&rft.au=Bennett%2C+S+J%3BDunbar%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=269&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of CLIGEN Precipitation Parameters and Their Implication on WEPP Runoff and Erosion Prediction AN - 17678743; 5915795 AB - The quality of synthesized daily weather data directly affects the output of hydrological and agricultural response models. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the ability of the CLIGEN model to reproduce daily, monthly, and annual precipitation amounts, extremes, and internal storm patterns (i.e., storm duration, relative peak intensity, and time to peak) and to assess further the impact of generated storm patterns on WEPP runoff and erosion prediction. Four Oklahoma stations with more than 50 years of daily precipitation data and eight other sites across the U.S. with an average record of 10 years of measured storm patterns were used. Mean absolute relative errors for simulating daily, monthly, and annual precipitation across the four Oklahoma stations were 4.7%, 1.7%, and 1.5% for the means and 3.7%, 6.7%, and 15% for the standard deviations, respectively. Mean absolute relative errors for the all-time maxima of daily, monthly, and yearly precipitation were 17.7%, 8.9%, and 6.5%, respectively. Storm pattern generation, especially storm duration, was determined to need improvement for better prediction of runoff and soil erosion. The measured storm patterns showed positive linear correlations between precipitation, duration, and relative peak intensity, but little correlation was shown for generated storm patterns. The CLIGEN-generated durations were generally too long for small storms and too short for large storms. Inaccurate storm pattern generation led to WEPP prediction errors as high as 35% for average annual runoff and 47% for annual sediment yield on the test sites. To improve WEPP runoff and erosion prediction, storm duration generation should be reconsidered, and a distribution-free approach may be used to induce proper correlations between the input storm variables. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Zhang, X C AU - Garbrecht, J D AD - USDA-ARS-GRL, 7207 W. Cheyenne Street, El Reno, OK 73036, USA, jzhang@grl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 311 EP - 320 VL - 46 IS - 2 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - M2 556.16:Runoff (556.16) KW - Q2 02264:Sediments and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17678743?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+CLIGEN+Precipitation+Parameters+and+Their+Implication+on+WEPP+Runoff+and+Erosion+Prediction&rft.au=Zhang%2C+X+C%3BGarbrecht%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=311&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Measure of the Usefulness of Seasonal Precipitation Forecasts for Agricultural Applications AN - 17677864; 5915789 AB - NOAA's Climate Prediction Center produces experimental climate forecasts that predict total precipitation over three-month periods out to a year in advance. The utility of these seasonal forecasts for agricultural applications will depend on a number of forecast characteristics, including dependability, effectiveness, and usefulness. Usefulness is defined as the ability of the forecasts to predict conditions significantly different from climatological norms. This definition assumes that producers would be more likely to "use" a forecast if it predicts a large departure from normal conditions. A simple measure of usefulness is developed for the NOAA probability of exceedance seasonal precipitation forecasts. Based on the archived precipitation forecasts from 1997 through 2001, this measure is evaluated for 102 forecast divisions covering the continental U.S. Results vary significantly across the U.S., with some regions showing much larger and more frequent forecasts for departures from climatological precipitation than others. For example, at the shortest lead times, precipitation forecast departures larger than 10% of climatological means were issued in 45% of the forecasts for southeastern Arizona, but were issued only 7% of the time for southern Nebraska. Usefulness also varies with lead time, ENSO state and intensity, and season, with the largest forecast departures issued at shorter lead times, during strong ENSO events, and during the fall, winter, and spring seasons. Even if seasonal precipitation forecasts are shown to be dependable and effective, the usefulness of these forecasts for individual, local agricultural planners and managers will be limited in regions and at lead times where forecasts rarely depart from climatology. Agricultural enterprises that operate at regional scales, and can profitably use predictions of small shifts in probable outcome (e.g., crop insurance programs, fertilizer production and distribution, and grain storage and transportation) are best suited to benefit in a direct fashion from these forecasts. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Schneider, J M AU - Garbrecht, J D AD - USDA-ARS Grazinglands Research Laboratory, 7207 W. Cheyenne Street, El Reno, OK 73036, USA, schneide@grl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 257 EP - 267 VL - 46 IS - 2 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0815:Precipitation KW - M2 551.509.1/.5:Forecasting (551.509.1/.5) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17677864?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=A+Measure+of+the+Usefulness+of+Seasonal+Precipitation+Forecasts+for+Agricultural+Applications&rft.au=Schneider%2C+J+M%3BGarbrecht%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Schneider&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=257&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of soil aggregate size distribution on water retention AN - 17577927; 6107366 AB - Quantitative information on soil water retention is in demand in hydrology, agrometeorology, agronomy, contaminant transport, and other soil-related disciplines of earth and environmental sciences. Soil aggregate composition is an important characteristic of soil structure and, as such, is expected to affect soil water retention. Our objective was to determine whether and how aggregate size distributions affect soil water retention from saturation to the wilting point. Soil properties were studied for samples of Podzoluvisols, Planosols, Chernozems, Fluvisols, Calcisols, and Gleysols. Cumulative particle size and aggregate size distributions were used in regression trees to determine what fractions provide the least heterogeneous groups of samples as determined from values of water retention at matric potentials of -10, -33, and -1500 kPa as well as from van Genuchten parameters of the water retention curves, all on a gravimetric basis. Soil aggregate composition provided important grouping parameters for almost all water retention characteristics in this work. Contents of either small aggregates (7 mm, >10 mm) were the grouping variables in most cases for parameters of the van Genuchten equation. No aggregate size distribution parameters were included in the regression tree for the water content at -10 kPa, whereas contents of aggregates of medium sizes do affect water content at -33 and -1500 kPa. Aggregate size distribution parameters can be useful in estimating parameters of soil water retention from other soil properties. JF - Soil Science AU - Guber, A K AU - Rawls, W J AU - Shein, E V AU - Pachepsky, YA AD - Animal Waste Pathogen Laboratory USDA-ARS-BA-ANRI-AWPL, Bldg. 173, Rm. 203, BARC-EAST Powder Mill Rd., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, ypachepsky@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 223 EP - 233 VL - 168 IS - 4 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agronomy KW - Soil Structure KW - Trees KW - Particle Size KW - Estimating KW - Soil Water KW - Retention KW - Saturation KW - Soil Aggregates KW - Hydrology KW - Soil Properties KW - Wilting Point KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17577927?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Effect+of+soil+aggregate+size+distribution+on+water+retention&rft.au=Guber%2C+A+K%3BRawls%2C+W+J%3BShein%2C+E+V%3BPachepsky%2C+YA&rft.aulast=Guber&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=168&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agronomy; Soil Aggregates; Soil Structure; Trees; Estimating; Particle Size; Hydrology; Soil Properties; Soil Water; Saturation; Retention; Wilting Point ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Swine Effluent Irrigation Rate and Timing Effects on Bermudagrass Growth, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Utilization, and Residual Soil Nitrogen AN - 16172043; 5803158 AB - Maximizing utilization of effluent nutrients by forage grasses requires a better understanding of irrigation rate and timing effects. This study was conducted in 1998 and 1999 on a Vaiden silty clay (very-fine, smectitic, thermic Aquic Dystrudert) soil to determine the effects of swine lagoon effluent irrigation rate and timing on bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] growth, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) recovery, and postseason soil profile NO super(-) sub(3)-N. Treatments consisted of swine effluent irrigation at the rates of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 ha-cm. Two additional treatments included 2.5 ha-cm applied on 1 September and 1 October in addition to a base summer rate of 10 ha-cm. In both years for early to mid-season irrigation, bermudagrass dry matter yield quadratically increased with increasing swine effluent irrigation rates. Averaged across years, effluent irrigation in October resulted in 30% less dry matter than in September. For late-season irrigation, apparent N recovery averaged 59% less and P recovery averaged 46% less with a delay in irrigation from 1 September to 1 October. The greatest quantity of soil NO super(-) sub(3)-N was associated with both the greatest effluent rate and October irrigation treatments. Minimal yield benefit was obtained when effluent was applied at rates greater than 10 ha-cm during the summer months. Late-season irrigation, especially after 1 October for areas with similar climatic conditions, should be avoided to maximize synchronization of nutrient availability with maximum growth rates to minimize potential offsite movement of residual soil N and P. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Adeli, A AU - Varco, J J AU - Rowe, DE AD - USDA-ARS, Waste Management and Forage Research Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA, aadeli@ra.msstate.edu Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 681 EP - 686 VL - 32 IS - 2 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Manure KW - Hogs KW - Grasses KW - Phosphorus KW - Nutrients KW - Lagoons KW - Forages KW - Clays KW - Residual Soils KW - Farm Wastes KW - Soil Profile KW - Dry Matter KW - Wastewater Irrigation KW - Bases KW - Growth Rates KW - Effluents KW - Bermudagrass KW - Nitrogen KW - AQ 00007:Industrial Effluents KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16172043?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Swine+Effluent+Irrigation+Rate+and+Timing+Effects+on+Bermudagrass+Growth%2C+Nitrogen+and+Phosphorus+Utilization%2C+and+Residual+Soil+Nitrogen&rft.au=Adeli%2C+A%3BVarco%2C+J+J%3BRowe%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Adeli&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=681&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dry Matter; Manure; Hogs; Grasses; Wastewater Irrigation; Bases; Phosphorus; Nutrients; Growth Rates; Effluents; Lagoons; Clays; Forages; Residual Soils; Bermudagrass; Farm Wastes; Soil Profile; Nitrogen ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of Nitrate Nitrogen Fluxes from a Tile-Drained Watershed in Central Iowa AN - 16171034; 5803156 AB - Nitrate N fluxes from tile-drained watersheds have been implicated in water quality studies of the Mississippi River basin, but actual NO sub(3)-N loads from small watersheds during long periods are poorly documented. We evaluated discharge and NO sub(3)-N fluxes passing the outlet of an Iowa watershed (5134 ha) and two of its tile-drained subbasins (493 and 863 ha) from mid-1992 through 2000. The cumulative NO sub(3)-N load from the catchment was 168 kg ha super(-1), and 176 and 229 kg ha super(-1) from the subbasins. The outlet had greater total discharge (1831 mm) and smaller flow-weighted mean NO sub(3)-N concentration (9.2 mg L super(-1)) than the subbasins, while the larger subbasin had greater discharge (1712 vs. 1559 mm) and mean NO sub(3)-N concentration (13.4 vs. 11.3 mg L super(-1)) than the smaller subbasin. Concentrations exceeding 10 mg L super(-1) were common, but least frequent at the outlet. Nitrate N was generally not diluted by large flows, except during 1993 flooding. The outlet showed smaller NO sub(3)-N concentrations at low flows. Relationships between discharge and NO sub(3)-N flux showed log-log slopes near 1.0 for the subbasins, and 1.2 for the outlet, considering autocorrelation and measurement-error effects. We estimated denitrification of subbasin NO sub(3)-N fluxes in a hypothetical wetland using published data. Assuming that temperature and NO sub(3)-N supply could limit denitrification, then about 20% of the NO sub(3)-N would have been denitrified by a wetland constructed to meet USDA-approved criteria. The low efficiency results from the seasonal timing and NO sub(3)-N content of large flows. Therefore, agricultural and wetland best management practices (BMPs) are needed to achieve water quality goals in tile-drained watersheds. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Tomer, MD AU - Meek, D W AU - Jaynes, D B AU - Hatfield, J L AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service-National Soil Tilth Laboratory, 2150 Pammel Drive, Ames, IA 50010, USA, tomer@nstl.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 642 EP - 653 VL - 32 IS - 2 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Tile Drains KW - Nitrates KW - Catchment Areas KW - Water Quality KW - Watersheds KW - Water quality KW - USA, Iowa KW - Flux KW - Wetlands KW - Fluctuations KW - Nitrogen KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16171034?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+Nitrate+Nitrogen+Fluxes+from+a+Tile-Drained+Watershed+in+Central+Iowa&rft.au=Tomer%2C+MD%3BMeek%2C+D+W%3BJaynes%2C+D+B%3BHatfield%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Tomer&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=642&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Nitrates; Wetlands; Water quality; Watersheds; Nitrogen; Tile Drains; Flux; Catchment Areas; Water Quality; Fluctuations; USA, Iowa ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrate Leaching and Nitrogen Recovery Following Application of Polyolefin-Coated Urea to Potato AN - 16171003; 5803145 AB - High N fertilizer and irrigation amounts applied to potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) on coarse-textured soils often result in nitrate (NO sub(3)) leaching and low recovery of applied fertilizer N. This 3-yr study compared the effects of two rates (140 and 280 kg N ha super(-1)) of a single polyolefin-coated urea (PCU) application versus split applications of urea on 'Russet Burbank' potato yield and on NO sub(3) leaching and N recovery efficiency (RE) on a loamy sand. Standard irrigation was applied in all years and excessive irrigation was used in another experiment in the third year. At the recommended rate of 280 kg N ha super(-1), NO sub(3) leaching during the growing season was 34 to 49% lower with PCU than three applications of urea. Under standard irrigation in the third year, leaching from five applications of urea (280 kg N ha super(-1)) was 38% higher than PCU. Under leaching conditions in the first year ( greater than or equal to 25 mm drainage water in at least one 24-h period) and excessive irrigation in the third year, PCU at 280 kg N ha super(-1) improved total and marketable tuber yields by 12 to 19% compared with three applications of urea. Fertilizer N RE estimated by the difference and super(15)N isotope methods at the 280 kg N ha super(-1) rate was, on average, higher with PCU (mean 50%) than urea (mean 43%). Fertilizer N RE values estimated by the isotope method (mean 51%) were greater than those estimated by the difference method (mean 47%). Results from this study indicate that PCU can reduce leaching and improve N recovery and tuber yield during seasons with high leaching. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Zvomuya, F AU - Rosen, C J AU - Russelle, M P AU - Gupta, S C AD - USDA-ARS, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, Room 439, St. Paul, MN 55108-6028, USA, crosen@soils.umn.edu Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 480 EP - 489 VL - 32 IS - 2 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Potato KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Ureas KW - Crops KW - Olefines KW - Fertilizers KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - Leaching KW - Nitrates KW - Irrigation KW - Irrigation Water KW - Nitrogen KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - AQ 00005:Underground Services and Water Use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16171003?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Nitrate+Leaching+and+Nitrogen+Recovery+Following+Application+of+Polyolefin-Coated+Urea+to+Potato&rft.au=Zvomuya%2C+F%3BRosen%2C+C+J%3BRusselle%2C+M+P%3BGupta%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Zvomuya&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=480&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Fertilizers; Leaching; Nitrates; Irrigation; Crops; Nitrogen; Ureas; Irrigation Water; Olefines; Solanum tuberosum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Denitrification in Constructed Wetlands Used for Treatment of Swine Wastewater AN - 16170157; 5803162 AB - Constructed wetland treatment of swine wastewater probably involves substantial denitrification. Our objective was to assess denitrification and denitrification enzyme activity (DEA) in such wetlands in relation to plant communities, N loading, carbon or nitrogen limitations, and water depth. Two wetland cells each 3.6 m wide and 33.5 m long were connected in series. One set of cells was planted with rushes and bulrushes, including soft rush (Juncus effusus L.), softstem bulrush [Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla], American bulrush [Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volkart ex Schinz & R. Keller], and woolgrass bulrush [Scirpus cyperinus (L.) Kunth]. Another set was planted with bur-reeds and cattails, including American bur-reed (Sparganium americanum Nutt.), broadleaf cattail (Typha latifolia L.), and narrowleaf cattail (Typha angustifolia L.). The sets will be referred to herein as bulrush and cattail wetlands, respectively. Denitrification and DEA were measured via the acetylene inhibition method in intact soil cores and disturbed soil samples that were taken during four years (1994-1997). Although DEA in the disturbed samples was greater than denitrification in the core samples, the measurements were highly correlated (r super(2) greater than or equal to 0.82). The DEA was greater in the bulrush wetlands than the cattail wetlands, 0.516 and 0.210 mg N kg super(-1) soil h super(-1), respectively; and it increased with the cumulative applied N. The DEA mean was equivalent to 9.55 kg N ha super(-1) d super(-1) in the bulrush wetlands. We hypothesized and confirmed that DEA was generally limited by nitrate rather than carbon. Moreover, we determined that one of the most influential factors in DEA was wetland water depth. In bulrush wetlands, the slope and r super(2) values of the control treatment were -0.013 mg N kg super(-1) soil h super(-1) mm super(-1) depth and r super(2) = 0.89, respectively. Results of this investigation indicate that DEA can be very significant in constructed wetlands used to treat swine wastewater. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Hunt, P G AU - Matheny, T A AU - Szoegi, A A AD - USDA-ARS, Coastal Plain Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, Florence, SC 29501, USA, Hunt@florence.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 727 EP - 735 VL - 32 IS - 2 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - swine KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Schoenoplectus americanus KW - Aquatic macrophytes (Gramineae) KW - Aquatic macrophytes (typhaceae) KW - Artificial wetlands KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Scirpus cyperinus KW - Aquatic macrophytes (Cyperaceae) KW - Juncus effusus KW - Denitrification KW - Wetlands KW - Animal Wastes KW - Sparganium americanum KW - Animal wastes KW - Aquatic plants KW - Enzymes KW - Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani KW - Livestock KW - Typha angustifolia KW - Typha latifolia KW - Wastewater Treatment KW - P 3000:SEWAGE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT KW - AQ 00007:Industrial Effluents KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16170157?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Denitrification+in+Constructed+Wetlands+Used+for+Treatment+of+Swine+Wastewater&rft.au=Hunt%2C+P+G%3BMatheny%2C+T+A%3BSzoegi%2C+A+A&rft.aulast=Hunt&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=727&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Animal wastes; Denitrification; Artificial wetlands; Aquatic plants; Enzymes; Wastewater treatment; Livestock; Aquatic macrophytes (Cyperaceae); Aquatic macrophytes (Gramineae); Aquatic macrophytes (typhaceae); Wetlands; Animal Wastes; Wastewater Treatment; Typha angustifolia; Scirpus cyperinus; Schoenoplectus americanus; Typha latifolia; Juncus effusus; Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani; Sparganium americanum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Overview of Riparian Restoration in the Southwest AN - 16165953; 5646489 AB - Wildlife biologists and plant scientists have long recognized the value of riparian vegetation for the diversity of plant and animal life present in desert oases of the Southwest. However, the protection and proper management of these highly prized resources has become a primary mission for public and private land managers only in the last several decades. Multi-disciplinary studies of riparian ecosystems in the Southwest have shown that properly functioning riparian zones can provide many benefits to watersheds, including: Reducing erosion of sediments and improving water quality by lessening the impact of flood events. Aiding in the development of floodplains by filtering and capturing sediments. Assisting the retention of floodwaters, reducing maximum flows and recharging shallow alluvial aquifers. Resisting the cutting force of flowing water by root masses of riparian vegetation stabilizing stream banks. Providing rare and diverse terrestrial and aquatic wildlife habitats that result from the formation of assorted channels and ponds. JF - Southwest Hydrology AU - Dreesen AD - USDA-NRCS New Mexico Plant Materials Center Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 16 EP - 17 VL - 2 IS - 2 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Aquifers KW - water quality KW - Ecosystems KW - Land KW - Floods and flooding KW - Watersheds KW - flood plains KW - Streams KW - Ponds KW - Ecology KW - oases KW - Floods KW - Riparian environments KW - Hydrology KW - Floodplains KW - Wildlife KW - biologists KW - Vegetation KW - Streams (in natural channels) KW - Sediments KW - Channels KW - Erosion KW - Deserts KW - Plants KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16165953?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southwest+Hydrology&rft.atitle=Overview+of+Riparian+Restoration+in+the+Southwest&rft.au=Dreesen&rft.aulast=Dreesen&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=16&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southwest+Hydrology&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aquifers; water quality; Ecosystems; Wildlife; Vegetation; biologists; flood plains; Watersheds; Streams; Sediments; Ponds; oases; Channels; Erosion; Deserts; Floods; Riparian environments; Plants; Hydrology; Ecology; Land; Floods and flooding; Floodplains; Streams (in natural channels) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial evaluation of alternative nonpoint nutrient regulatory instruments AN - 16157162; 5619715 AB - Recent work has shown that because of differences in the physical environment across an area the choice of an instrument for regulation of nonpoint source agricultural pollution is an empirical question. The objective of this study is an empirical comparison of an economic incentive policy (an input tax) for reduction of agricultural fertilizer application with a command and control policy. Although a 'first-best' policy would be administered at the farm level, transactions costs practically require a single policy for the whole area. In an application to the Columbia plateau, a 300% input tax is shown to be preferred to a mandated 25% reduction in nitrogen fertilizer on financial and policy efficiency grounds. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Whittaker, G AU - Faere, R AU - Srinivasan, R AU - Scott, D W AD - Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Corvallis, Oregon, USA Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 VL - 39 IS - 4 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Citation No. 1079 KW - water quality KW - economics KW - agriculture KW - nitrogen KW - nonpoint KW - 1871 Hydrology: Surface water quality KW - 6304 Policy Sciences: Benefit-cost analysis KW - Agricultural Runoff KW - Environmental economics KW - Agricultural pollution KW - Legislation (on pollution) KW - Nutrients KW - Economic Aspects KW - environmental policy KW - Taxation KW - Water Pollution Control KW - Agricultural practices KW - Fertilizers KW - Law (see also Legislation) KW - Economics KW - USA, Columbia Plateau KW - Policy Making KW - Nonpoint Pollution Sources KW - Nonpoint pollution KW - Water pollution control KW - Comparison Studies KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16157162?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Spatial+evaluation+of+alternative+nonpoint+nutrient+regulatory+instruments&rft.au=Whittaker%2C+G%3BFaere%2C+R%3BSrinivasan%2C+R%3BScott%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Whittaker&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2001WR001119 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-07-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication date refers to online version. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water pollution control; Taxation; Fertilizers; Environmental economics; Agricultural pollution; Nonpoint pollution; environmental policy; Agricultural practices; Law (see also Legislation); Economics; Nutrients; Legislation (on pollution); Policy Making; Water Pollution Control; Agricultural Runoff; Comparison Studies; Nonpoint Pollution Sources; Economic Aspects; USA, Columbia Plateau DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001WR001119 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrogen Emissions, Deposition, and Monitoring in the Western United States AN - 16149640; 5627094 AB - Nitrogen (N) deposition in the western United States ranges from 1 to 4 kilograms (kg) per hectare (ha) per year over much of the region to as high as 30 to 90 kg per ha per year downwind of major urban and agricultural areas. Primary N emissions sources are transportation, agriculture, and industry. Emissions of N as ammonia are about 50% as great as emissions of N as nitrogen oxides. An unknown amount of N deposition to the West Coast originates from Asia. Nitrogen deposition has increased in the West because of rapid increases in urbanization, population, distance driven, and large concentrated animal feeding operations. Studies of ecological effects suggest that emissions reductions are needed to protect sensitive ecosystem components. Deposition rates are unknown for most areas in the West, although reasonable estimates are available for sites in California, the Colorado Front Range, and central Arizona. National monitoring networks provide long-term wet deposition data and, more recently estimated dry deposition data at remote sites. However, there is little information for many areas near emissions sources. JF - Bioscience AU - Fenn, ME AU - Haeuber, R AU - Tonnesen, G S AU - Baron, J S AU - Grossman-Clarke, S AU - Hope, D AU - Jaffe, DA AU - Copeland, S AU - Geiser, L AU - Rueth, H M AU - Sickman, JO AD - US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Riverside, CA 92507, USA, mfenn@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 391 EP - 403 VL - 53 IS - 4 SN - 0006-3568, 0006-3568 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Urbanization KW - USA, West KW - Ammonia KW - Wet deposition KW - Population dynamics KW - Transportation KW - Reviews KW - Emissions KW - Dry deposition KW - Nitrogen KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - D 04800:Pollution studies - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16149640?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioscience&rft.atitle=Nitrogen+Emissions%2C+Deposition%2C+and+Monitoring+in+the+Western+United+States&rft.au=Fenn%2C+ME%3BHaeuber%2C+R%3BTonnesen%2C+G+S%3BBaron%2C+J+S%3BGrossman-Clarke%2C+S%3BHope%2C+D%3BJaffe%2C+DA%3BCopeland%2C+S%3BGeiser%2C+L%3BRueth%2C+H+M%3BSickman%2C+JO&rft.aulast=Fenn&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=391&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioscience&rft.issn=00063568&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Pollution monitoring; Urbanization; Ammonia; Reviews; Population dynamics; Nitrogen; Transportation; Emissions; Dry deposition; Wet deposition; USA, West ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of AnnAGNPS nitrogen loading in an agricultural watershed AN - 16149324; 5634315 AB - Pollutants entering a water system can be very destructive to the health of that system. Best Management Practices (BMPs) are used to reduce these pollutants, but understanding the most effective practices is very difficult. Watershed models are an effective tool to aid in the decision-making process of selecting the BMPs that are most effective in reducing the pollutant loading and are also the most cost effective. The Annualized Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution model (AnnAGNPS 2.0) is a technological tool that can be used to estimate watershed response to agricultural management practices. The main purpose of this paper is to test the performance of AnnAGNPS 2.0 on nitrogen loading using comparisons with measurements from the Deep Hollow watershed of the Mississippi Delta Management Systems Evaluation Area (MDMSEA) project. Previous work has demonstrated the capability of the model to simulate runoff and sediment. From sensitivity analyses in this study, initial nitrogen concentration in the soil and crop nitrogen uptake had the most impact on the nitrogen loadings. AnnAGNPS simulations of monthly nitrogen loadings are poor. However, statistical test (t-test) showed that the predicted nitrogen loading is not significantly different from observed nitrogen loading at the 95 percent level of confidence. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Yuan, Y AU - Bingner, R L AU - Rebich, R A AD - USDA-ARS-NSL, P.O. Box 1157, Oxford, Mississippi 38655, USA, yuan@sedlab.olemiss.edu Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 457 EP - 466 VL - 39 IS - 2 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - AnnAGNPS KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - USA, Mississippi, Deep Hollow L. KW - Pollution (Nonpoint sources) KW - Agricultural pollution KW - Agricultural Watersheds KW - Nutrient loading KW - Water resources KW - Nutrients KW - Model Testing KW - Freshwater KW - Watersheds KW - Sensitivity Analysis KW - Agricultural practices KW - Pollutants KW - Catchment areas KW - Planning KW - Decision theory KW - River basin management KW - Mathematical models KW - Decision support systems KW - Nonpoint Pollution Sources KW - Simulation KW - Best Management Practices KW - Nonpoint pollution KW - Modelling (Pollution) KW - Water pollution KW - Model Studies KW - USA, Mississippi KW - Uptake KW - Nitrogen KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16149324?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+AnnAGNPS+nitrogen+loading+in+an+agricultural+watershed&rft.au=Yuan%2C+Y%3BBingner%2C+R+L%3BRebich%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Yuan&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=457&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollutants; Agricultural pollution; Uptake; Simulation; Water resources; Watersheds; River basin management; Water pollution; Nitrogen; Agriculture; Mathematical models; Decision support systems; Nutrient loading; Nonpoint pollution; Agricultural practices; Catchment areas; Pollution (Nonpoint sources); Nutrients; Decision theory; Modelling (Pollution); Sensitivity Analysis; Planning; Agricultural Watersheds; Nonpoint Pollution Sources; Best Management Practices; Model Testing; Model Studies; USA, Mississippi, Deep Hollow L.; USA, Mississippi; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water use efficiencies of grain sorghum grown in three USA southern Great Plains soils AN - 18918626; 5612450 AB - The ratios of economic yield:evapotranspiration (Y:ET), or water use efficiency (WUE), and economic yield:irrigation water application, or irrigation WUE (IWUE), help evaluate the productivity of irrigation in agricultural systems. Water stress at critical growth stages, excessive soil water evaporation, soil water storage, runoff, and drainage are among the many factors which result in declines in either or both of these ratios. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of soil type, soil water use characteristics, and seasonal climatic differences on the WUE and IWUE of grain sorghum grown in the semi-arid climate of the southern Great Plains of the USA. In 1998 and 1999, grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench PIO-8699') was grown in 0.75-m rows with 16 plants/m super(2) at Bushland, TX in lysimeters containing monolithic soil cores of either the Amarillo, Pullman, or Ulysses soil series. Irrigation treatments in both years were 100, 50, 25, and 0% based on replacement of ET, simulating deficit irrigation that results from limited water availability such as reduced well capacities. The WUE was significantly higher and ET lower in the milder climatic conditions of 1999 compared with 1998, which had a higher evaporative demand. Once normalized for climatic differences, yield response to ET was similar for both years. Crops grown in the Amarillo soil had significantly higher WUE compared with crops in the other soils, primarily due to reduced ET rather than increased yield. Grain sorghum grown in the Ulysses soil was able to produce higher yields at lower plant available water (PAW) compared with the other two soils, but the crops in all soils reduced yield when experiencing water stress at a critical growth stage of pollination. At comparable final soil water contents, grain yields of the crop in the Pullman soil were higher in 1999 (lower evaporative demand) compared with yields produced in 1998 (higher evaporative demand), while the crops in the other two soils produced similar yields in both environments. The relationship between irrigation application and yield was more curvilinear in 1998 possibly due to increased soil water evaporation at the higher irrigation applications, while the relationship was more linear in 1999. In general, IWUE declined with increasing irrigation application within each year, but was variable in some irrigation treatments, due to water stress at critical growth stages. No differences among soil types occurred in IWUE in either year, primarily due to variability among replicates. JF - Agricultural Water Management AU - Tolk, JA AU - Howell, T A AD - USDA-ARS, Conservation and Production Research Laboratory, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012, USA, jtolk@cprl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/03/30/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Mar 30 SP - 97 EP - 111 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 59 IS - 2 SN - 0378-3774, 0378-3774 KW - USA, Great Plains KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Experimental Data KW - Weather KW - Semiarid Lands KW - Water Use Efficiency KW - Soil Types KW - Irrigation Efficiency KW - Evapotranspiration KW - Cultivated Lands KW - Sorghum KW - Crop Yield KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18918626?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.atitle=Water+use+efficiencies+of+grain+sorghum+grown+in+three+USA+southern+Great+Plains+soils&rft.au=Tolk%2C+JA%3BHowell%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Tolk&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2003-03-30&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.issn=03783774&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-3774%2802%2900157-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Weather; Experimental Data; Semiarid Lands; Water Use Efficiency; Soil Types; Irrigation Efficiency; Evapotranspiration; Cultivated Lands; Crop Yield; Sorghum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3774(02)00157-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A synoptic survey of musty/muddy odor metabolites and microcystin toxin occurrence and concentration in southeastern USA channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus Ralfinesque) production ponds AN - 18685994; 5577936 AB - A synoptic profile was conducted in July-August 2000 to assess the occurrence of off-flavor compounds beta-cyclocitral, 2-methylisoborneol (MIB), and geosmin, and the cyanobacterial toxin microcystin in catfish production ponds. A total of 485 ponds were sampled during a 1-week period; sample collections were weighted to reflect state area in production. Over 47% of ponds had detectable toxin concentrations, although less than 10% of ponds exceeded 1 ng/ml microcystin. MIB and/or geosmin off-flavors occurred in 25% of the samples. Beta-cyclocitral was detected in over 98% of ponds, and was strongly correlated with presence of myxoxanthin (r=0.94) and zeaxanthin (r=0.82), both indicative of cyanobacterial production of this compound. Off-flavor compounds (geosmin and MIB) were correlated to a lesser degree with zeaxanthin production (r=0.78), whereas aphanizyphyl was better correlated with MIB and geosmin (r=0.89 and 0.56, respectively), again suggesting cyanobacterial production of these compounds. JF - Aquaculture AU - Zimba, P V AU - Grimm, C C AD - Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Post Office Box 38, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA, pzimba@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/03/27/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Mar 27 SP - 81 EP - 87 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 218 IS - 1-4 SN - 0044-8486, 0044-8486 KW - 2-Methylisoborneol KW - Channel catfish KW - Graceful catfish KW - beta -Cyclocitral KW - aphanizyphyl KW - geosmin KW - microcystins KW - off-flavor compounds KW - zeaxanthin KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Off flavour KW - Biological poisons KW - Microcystins KW - Geosmin KW - Metabolites KW - USA, Southeast KW - Aquaculture KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - Toxins KW - Ponds KW - USA KW - Fisheries KW - Odor KW - Off flavor KW - Cyanophyta KW - Odour KW - Fish ponds KW - K 03009:Algae KW - R 18122:Taints & off-flavors KW - Q1 08226:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18685994?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquaculture&rft.atitle=A+synoptic+survey+of+musty%2Fmuddy+odor+metabolites+and+microcystin+toxin+occurrence+and+concentration+in+southeastern+USA+channel+catfish+%28Ictalurus+punctatus+Ralfinesque%29+production+ponds&rft.au=Zimba%2C+P+V%3BGrimm%2C+C+C&rft.aulast=Zimba&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-03-27&rft.volume=218&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquaculture&rft.issn=00448486&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0044-8486%2802%2900519-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Off flavour; Biological poisons; Metabolites; Odour; Fish ponds; Microcystins; Fisheries; Geosmin; Odor; 2-Methylisoborneol; Off flavor; Aquaculture; Ponds; Toxins; Cyanophyta; Ictalurus punctatus; USA; USA, Southeast DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00519-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors influencing the regeneration of the mangrove Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk. on a tropical Pacific island AN - 18680489; 5576477 AB - Mangrove swamps occupy approximately two-thirds of the shoreline on Kosrae, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), and also border the island's most populated areas. Kosraeans depend on mangrove swamps for a supply of wood to support a growing handicraft industry, for a dependable source of fuelwood, and for habitat to support the harvest of fish and mangrove crabs. One of the more prominent mangrove species on Kosrae is Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, yet it is not the most preferred species for carving or cooking. To evaluate B. gymnorrhiza's persistence in the intertidal and to develop a better understanding of factors influencing its regeneration, we investigated predispersal insect colonization of propagules, postdispersal propagule predation by crabs, and the relative effects of natural and artificial shade, salinity, and tidal flooding on early tree seedling survival and growth. Predispersal insect colonization of propagules by boring insects was very high (93%), but the damage did not seem to influence seedling survival. Postdispersal predation of B. gymnorrhiza propagules by crabs was low (17%) and did not change in gap versus understory plots. Predation did vary by intertidal location (lower intertidal>middle intertidal=upper intertidal), with lower predation occurring in an intertidal location with a B. gymnorrhiza-dominated overstory. Shade and tidal inundation reduced seedling growth more than salinity in greenhouse investigations, but sunlight had less positive influence on seedling growth in the field. In general, regeneration and growth occurred successfully under a variety of conditions, indicating that none of the factors investigated serve as strong regulators to B. gymnorrhiza regeneration and early growth on Kosrae. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Krauss, K W AU - Allen, JA AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, 1151 Punchbowl Street, Rm. 323 Honolulu, HI 96813, USA, kkrauss@usgs.gov Y1 - 2003/03/17/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Mar 17 SP - 49 EP - 60 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 176 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - propagules KW - Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - ISEW, Pacific, Caroline Is., Kosrae KW - Marine KW - Propagules KW - Bruguiera gymnorrhiza KW - Predation KW - Mangrove swamps KW - Brackish KW - Intertidal environment KW - Light effects KW - Colonization KW - Islands KW - Regeneration KW - Micronesia KW - Seedlings KW - Plant populations KW - Shading KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - Q1 08224:Reproduction and development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18680489?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Factors+influencing+the+regeneration+of+the+mangrove+Bruguiera+gymnorrhiza+%28L.%29+Lamk.+on+a+tropical+Pacific+island&rft.au=Krauss%2C+K+W%3BAllen%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Krauss&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-03-17&rft.volume=176&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Colonization; Mangrove swamps; Predation; Seedlings; Shading; Plant populations; Light effects; Intertidal environment; Islands; Propagules; Regeneration; Bruguiera gymnorrhiza; ISEW, Pacific, Caroline Is., Kosrae; Micronesia; Brackish; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of a teak (Tectona grandis) plantation on the establishment of native species in an abandoned pasture in Costa Rica AN - 18676207; 5576515 AB - Many tropical forest plantation projects, particularly those funded through governmental or development agencies are designed to provide secondary social or environmental benefits in addition to timber. The research reported here examined the ecological effects of establishing a teak (Tectona grandis) plantation on an abandoned pasture in southwestern Costa Rica. The 10-year-old plantation's understory was evaluated using a nearby non-planted area as a baseline for potential local recruitment of native tree species. The native trees in the teak plantation were significantly less abundant, less diverse, and more restricted to the lower height classes than the trees in the abandoned pasture. Furthermore, trees with shrubby growth forms dominated the plantation's understory, whereas larger species were more common in the unplanted abandoned pasture. Several aspects of teak's biology may contribute to the species' exclusion of native trees. The primary goal of nearly all forest plantations is the production of timber. However, for those managers secondarily interested in the goal of providing habitat for native forest species, teak appears to be a poor choice of crop tree. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Healey, S P AU - Gara, R I AD - Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 3200 SW Jeffersion Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA, seanhealey@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/03/17/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Mar 17 SP - 497 EP - 507 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 176 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Teak KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18676207?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+a+teak+%28Tectona+grandis%29+plantation+on+the+establishment+of+native+species+in+an+abandoned+pasture+in+Costa+Rica&rft.au=Healey%2C+S+P%3BGara%2C+R+I&rft.aulast=Healey&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-03-17&rft.volume=176&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=497&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of deer, cattle grazing and timber harvest on plant species diversity in a longleaf pine bluestem ecosystem AN - 18684471; 5576423 AB - Despite a recent slowing in the negative historical trend, losses of naturally-regenerated longleaf pine forests currently continue, largely as a result of conversion to plantations of faster growing pine species. Comparing the impacts of type conversion with silvicultural approaches that maintain longleaf pine and ascertaining their interaction with the influence of other resource management practices, such as grazing, on plant species diversity are essential in discerning the effects of these activities on the long-term sustainability of these ecosystems. A flatwoods longleaf pine bluestem ecosystem, which naturally regenerated following timber harvest during the early 20th century, on the coastal plain of southern Alabama was thinned to a residual basal area of 17m super(2)/ha or clearcut, windrowed and planted with slash pine (Pinus elliottii) seedlings in 1972 and then fenced in 1977 to differentially exclude grazing by deer and cattle. Neither grazing by deer alone nor deer in combination with cattle significantly altered vascular plant cover or species diversity; however, substantial differences were noted between the understory plant communities in the thinned forests and clearcut areas. Woody understory vegetation steadily increased through time, with woody plant cover in clearcuts (41%) dominated by the tree seedlings of Pinus elliottii and Quercus spp. being greater than that in thinned forests (31%) which were dominated by shrubs, principally Ilex glabra. While grass cover dominated by Schizachrium scoparium and Andropogon spp. remained stable (~81%), the foliar cover of all forbs declined through time (from 42 to 18%) as woody plant cover increased. Although the overall species richness and diversity declined and evenness increased through time, understory species richness and diversity were consistently higher in thinned forests than in artificially-regenerated clearcuts. Despite a modest short-term decline in this differential, indicating a partial recovery of the clearcut areas over time, the disparity in understory plant diversity between thinned forests and clearcuts persisted for at least a decade. Whether grazing includes domestic cattle or is limited to native ungulates, such as white-tailed deer, we recommend that longleaf pine forests not be clearcut and replaced by plantations of other pines, if the ecological diversity is to be conserved, high quality habitat is to be maintained and longleaf pine ecosystems are to be sustained. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Brockway, D G AU - Lewis, CE AD - Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 520 Devall Drive, Auburn, AL 36849, USA, dbrockway@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/03/03/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Mar 03 SP - 49 EP - 69 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 175 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Inberry KW - Oaks KW - Slash pine KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18684471?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Influence+of+deer%2C+cattle+grazing+and+timber+harvest+on+plant+species+diversity+in+a+longleaf+pine+bluestem+ecosystem&rft.au=Brockway%2C+D+G%3BLewis%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Brockway&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-03-03&rft.volume=175&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monitoring stand structure in mature coastal Douglas-fir forests: effect of plot size AN - 18681333; 5576420 AB - National and regional interest in the distribution and trends of forest habitat structure and diversity have placed demands on forest inventories for accurate stand-level data. A primary need in the coastal Pacific Northwest of the United States is information on the extent and rate of development of mature forest structure. The objective of this study was to evaluate alternative sampling schemes within a standard national cluster plot design able to efficiently determine density of large live trees and snags, tree mortality, and tree species richness. A simulation approach used stem maps from 19 permanent forest plots dominated by mature Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir) of at least 1ha in size that had been sampled for up to 23 years. Clustered subplots sampling between 0.5 and 81% of the stand area were randomly located in stands to select mapped trees. Estimation error analysis compared the percent difference between sample data and full-stand values by subplot size for 30 iterations per subplot size per stand. Comparison with analyses of regional inventory plots allowed greater inference concerning results. Samples of at least 40% of a stand (four 18m radius subplots) were required to reduce errors for estimated density of large trees (122cm DBH) below 25% of true density at least 66% of the time. For mortality, subplots sampling at least 50% of a stand were needed to reach errors below 50% of true mortality at least 66% of the time. However, for trees 75cm DBH, the standard inventory sample of 0.07ha with four 7.3m radius subplots did meet these accuracy levels for density and mortality. Relatively large plots were required to estimate species richness within one species of true richness, particularly for the relatively diverse smaller tree size classes. Efficient sampling of species richness could use species lists, instead of measuring many small trees on large plots. Reducing sample errors to acceptable levels will increase the utility of inventory plot data to evaluate stand structure, successional development, carbon sequestration, species diversity, and ground-truth for remote sensing. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Gray, A AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Y1 - 2003/03/03/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Mar 03 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 175 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Douglas spruce KW - Douglas-fir KW - Forest management KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04001:Methodology - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18681333?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Monitoring+stand+structure+in+mature+coastal+Douglas-fir+forests%3A+effect+of+plot+size&rft.au=Gray%2C+A&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-03-03&rft.volume=175&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of long-term dormant-season burning and fire exclusion on ground-dwelling arthropod populations in longleaf pine flatwoods ecosystems AN - 18677321; 5576431 AB - Frequent dormant-season prescribed burns were applied at 1-, 2- and 4-year intervals to longleaf pine stands, Pinus palustris, for over 40 years on the Osceola National Forest in Baker County, Florida. Control plots were unburned for the same period of time. Pitfall traps were operated from November 1994 to October 1999 to measure the short- and long-term effects of prescribed burning frequency on the relative abundance and diversity of ground-dwelling macroarthropods. We also measured dead and live plant biomass to determine how long-term frequent fires affected the structure of the forest floor. The average total dead plus live plant biomass was significantly higher on plots where fire had been excluded. Annual and biennial burning resulted in about the same amount of total plant biomass (dead and live plant material combined) which was significantly less than the quadrennially burned plots. Shannon diversity (H) and evenness of ground-dwelling arthropods were reduced by burning. Annually burned plots had the lowest diversity and evenness while biennially and quadrennially burned plots also were significantly lower than unburned control plots. Dormant-season burning did not increase the number of rare genera regardless of frequency. Percent similarity of arthropod communities was highest for comparisons between plots that had been burned (60-68%) and lowest for the comparison of annually burned plots to unburned controls (37%). Examination of diversity and similarity through time showed that changes were due to short-term effects caused by the application of fire and not long-term changes in the ground-dwelling arthropod community. Burning significantly reduced the numbers of predators regardless of fire frequency and resulted in an increased number of detritivores. A total of 42 genera were reduced by prescribed burning; 32 genera were captured in greater numbers on annually burned plots, and 11 genera had higher numbers in one or both of the intermediate burn frequencies (biennial or quadrennial). Twenty-six genera were captured in equal numbers on quadrennially and annually burned plots, but in significantly lower numbers than on unburned plots, demonstrating that 4 years was insufficient time for their populations to recover from mild dormant-season fires. Arthropod response to burning appeared to be species specific so attempts to generalize how arthropods will respond based on a few species or groups should be avoided. The slow recovery rate of so many species suggests that management oriented toward conservation of biodiversity in longleaf pine flatwoods should include areas of fire exclusion. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Hanula, J L AU - Wade, D D AD - USDA Forest Service, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 320 Green Street, Athens, GA 30602-2044, USA, jhanula@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/03/03/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Mar 03 SP - 163 EP - 184 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 175 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Longleaf pine KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - D 04600:Soil KW - Z 05209:Soil entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18677321?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Influence+of+long-term+dormant-season+burning+and+fire+exclusion+on+ground-dwelling+arthropod+populations+in+longleaf+pine+flatwoods+ecosystems&rft.au=Hanula%2C+J+L%3BWade%2C+D+D&rft.aulast=Hanula&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-03-03&rft.volume=175&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rice growth and yield respond to changes in water depth and salinity stress AN - 18917968; 5577862 AB - Depth of standing water in rice paddy fields is an important agronomic parameter in the management of irrigation-related salinity problems. It was hypothesized that reductions in the yield of rice under salinity stress can be ameliorated by adjusting the water depth. This study was designed to determine the interactive effects of salinity and water depth on seedling establishment and grain yield in rice. Plants were grown in a greenhouse and irrigated with nutrient solutions amended with NaCl and CaCl2 (5:1 molar concentrations). Treatments were three salt levels with electrical conductivities at 0.9, 3.3 and 6.0dSm super(-1) and six water depths at 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 20cm. The effects of both salinity and water depth were significant on plant growth and yield. However, there was no interaction between the effects of salinity and water depth. Reductions in seedling establishment and grain yield with increases of salinity and water depth resulted from a simple combination of the two different stresses on plants. Highly significant negative correlations were identified between water depth and seedling establishment and also between water depth and grain yield when data were combined across salt levels. Generally, plants performed better with respect to seedling establishment and grain yield in shallow water (i.e. 10cm) than in deep water (i.e. >10cm). Under salt stress, the effect of water depth was significant for panicle number, but not significant for panicle weight. The loss of grain yield under salt stress with the increases of water depth was mainly due to reduction in fertile tiller number. We suggest that water depth be lowered during the initiation and growth of productive tillers. However, the practice by lowering water depth must be incorporated with appropriate field management such as the increase of irrigation frequency, precision leveling, and effective weed control methods. JF - Agricultural Water Management AU - Zeng, L AU - Lesch, S M AU - Grieve, C M AD - USDA-ARS, George E. Brown Jr., Salinity Laboratory, 450 West Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92507-477, USA, lzeng@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/03/02/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Mar 02 SP - 67 EP - 75 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 59 IS - 1 SN - 0378-3774, 0378-3774 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Rice KW - Salinity KW - Agricultural Practices KW - Irrigation KW - Frequency Analysis KW - Crop Yield KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18917968?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.atitle=Rice+growth+and+yield+respond+to+changes+in+water+depth+and+salinity+stress&rft.au=Zeng%2C+L%3BLesch%2C+S+M%3BGrieve%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Zeng&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-03-02&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.issn=03783774&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-3774%2802%2900088-4 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salinity; Rice; Irrigation; Agricultural Practices; Frequency Analysis; Crop Yield DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3774(02)00088-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pediocin production by recombinant lactic acid bacteria AN - 18740625; 5614688 AB - Production of the anti-listerial bacteriocin, pediocin, by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) transformed with the cloning vector pPC418 (Ped super(+), 9.1 kb) was influenced by composition of media and incubation temperature. Maximum pediocin production, tested against Listeria innocua, by electrotransformants of Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis was measured in tryptone/lactose/yeast extract medium after 24 h growth at 30 degree C, while incubation at 40 degree C was optimum for Ped super(+) transformants of Streptococcus thermophilus and Enterococcus faecalis. The amount of pediocin produced by S. thermophilus in skim milk and cheese whey supplemented with 0.5% yeast extract was estimated as 51 000 units ml super(-1) and 25 000 units ml super(-1), respectively. Pediocin production remained essentially unchanged in reconstituted skim milk or whey media diluted up to 10-fold. The results demonstrate the capacity of recombinant strains of LAB to produce pediocin in a variety of growth media including skim milk and inexpensive cheese whey-based media, requiring minimum nutritional supplementation. JF - Biotechnology Letters AU - Somkuti, G A AU - Steinberg, D H AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, gsomkuti@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2003/03/02/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Mar 02 SP - 473 EP - 477 VL - 25 IS - 6 SN - 0141-5492, 0141-5492 KW - bacteriocins KW - pediocin KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - A 01089:Polymyxins & bacitracins KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32370:Antibiotics and antitumor agents KW - W4 320:Cell Culture & Batch Fermentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18740625?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.atitle=Pediocin+production+by+recombinant+lactic+acid+bacteria&rft.au=Somkuti%2C+G+A%3BSteinberg%2C+D+H&rft.aulast=Somkuti&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2003-03-02&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=473&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.issn=01415492&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation of Salmonella typhimurium Tn5 Mutants Defective for Survival on Egg Shell Surface Using Transposon Footprinting AN - 815542657; 13897062 AB - The objective of this study was to screen the genome of Salmonella typhimurium for genes potentially required for survival on egg shell surfaces using a novel transposon footprinting method based on a previously developed Tn5 mutagenesis technique. Since the amplified DNA fragment length should usually be unique for each mutant, the polymerase chain reaction products separated on an agarose gel generate a transposon footprint with each band in the footprint representing the corresponding Tn5 mutant. By comparing the footprints from the pools of S. typhimurium Tn5 mutants before and after inoculation on egg shell surfaces, Tn5 mutants not recovered after selection were rapidly identified for potential isolation and genetic analysis. JF - Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B: Pesticides, Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes AU - Kwon, Y M AU - Kubena, L F AU - Nisbet, D J AU - Ricke, S C AD - USDA-ARS, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, Texas, USA,Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA Y1 - 2003/03/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Mar 01 SP - 103 EP - 109 PB - Taylor & Francis Group Ltd., 2 Park Square Oxford OX14 4RN UK VL - 38 IS - 1 SN - 0360-1234, 0360-1234 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Environment Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Genomes KW - Footprinting KW - Genetic analysis KW - Pools KW - Survival KW - Isolation KW - Mutants KW - Mutagenesis KW - Transposons KW - Agricultural Chemicals KW - Pollutants KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Farm Wastes KW - Agricultural wastes KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - Food contamination KW - Egg shells KW - Screens KW - Pesticides KW - DNA KW - Inoculation KW - survival KW - Salmonella KW - J 02310:Genetics & Taxonomy KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/815542657?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+B%3A+Pesticides%2C+Food+Contaminants+and+Agricultural+Wastes&rft.atitle=Isolation+of+Salmonella+typhimurium+Tn5+Mutants+Defective+for+Survival+on+Egg+Shell+Surface+Using+Transposon+Footprinting&rft.au=Kwon%2C+Y+M%3BKubena%2C+L+F%3BNisbet%2C+D+J%3BRicke%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Kwon&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+B%3A+Pesticides%2C+Food+Contaminants+and+Agricultural+Wastes&rft.issn=03601234&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FPFC-120016609 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genomes; Transposons; Egg shells; Footprinting; Agricultural wastes; Pesticides; Genetic analysis; Inoculation; Polymerase chain reaction; Survival; Food contamination; Mutagenesis; DNA; survival; Mutants; Screens; Agricultural Chemicals; Pollutants; Pools; Farm Wastes; Isolation; Salmonella; Salmonella typhimurium DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/PFC-120016609 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fate of Autumn--Applied Metolachlor in a Clay Loam in the Northern U.S. Corn Belt AN - 815541054; 13897057 AB - Application of herbicides in autumn is of interest to land managers who seek to reduce the number of field operations during spring in the northern Corn Belt. A limited number of herbicides, however, posses the physical characteristics that are required to minimize loss from soil over winter. This study examined the fate of one of these herbicides, metolachlor, during three consecutive winters (1994-1995, 1995-1996, and 1996-1997) near Morris, MN. Metolachlor was applied to the top 5 cm of a clay loam that was packed into a 1.8-m long plastic pipe. The pipe was then set inside a larger diameter 1.8-m long plastic pipe that was buried vertically in the field. The gap between the pipes was insulated along the sides and sealed at the top; this configuration allowed collection of leachate and extraction of the smaller diameter pipe while the field soil was frozen. The experimental design was replicated thrice with sample date (date that the smaller diameter pipes were extracted from the field) as the main treatment. Pipes were extracted from the field at least twice during winter and sectioned into 2 cm or larger increments. The soil contained within these sections was then analyzed for metolachlor. Downward movement of metolachlor occurred in the soil profile during the autumn, but only in 1995. This movement was likely caused by exclusion during pore ice formation as the soil froze. At the time of complete soil thaw in spring, the majority of metolachlor was still detected in the zone of application (0-5 cm depth). Some metolachlor, however, was detected 1 to 3 cm below the zone of application in all three years. Downward movement during thaw was due primarily to infiltration of snowmelt and rain. Metolachlor was most vulnerable to degradation during spring, but some loss occurred in autumn prior to freeze-up. This study suggests that autumn-applied metolachlor moves little in a repacked clay loam profile during winter. Further studies are warranted in evaluating movement under a range of soil physical properties and management practices. JF - Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B: Pesticides, Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes AU - Sharratt, Brenton AU - Sander, Kip AU - Tierney, Dennis AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Morris, Minnesota, USA Y1 - 2003/03/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Mar 01 SP - 37 EP - 48 PB - Taylor & Francis Group Ltd., 2 Park Square Oxford OX14 4RN UK VL - 38 IS - 1 SN - 0360-1234, 0360-1234 KW - Environment Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Pipes KW - ice formation KW - Clay KW - Herbicides KW - corn KW - Soil KW - USA KW - winter KW - loam KW - Infiltration KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/815541054?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+B%3A+Pesticides%2C+Food+Contaminants+and+Agricultural+Wastes&rft.atitle=Fate+of+Autumn--Applied+Metolachlor+in+a+Clay+Loam+in+the+Northern+U.S.+Corn+Belt&rft.au=Sharratt%2C+Brenton%3BSander%2C+Kip%3BTierney%2C+Dennis&rft.aulast=Sharratt&rft.aufirst=Brenton&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+B%3A+Pesticides%2C+Food+Contaminants+and+Agricultural+Wastes&rft.issn=03601234&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FPFC-120016604 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Pipes; ice formation; Clay; loam; winter; Infiltration; Herbicides; corn; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/PFC-120016604 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - CelF of Orpinomyces PC-2 has an intron and encodes a cellulase (CelF) containing a carbohydrate-binding module AN - 815540266; 13858001 AB - A cDNA, designated celF, encoding a cellulase (CelF) was isolated from the anaerobic fungus Orpinomyces PC-2. The open reading frame contains regions coding for a signal peptide, a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM), a linker, and a catalytic domain. The catalytic domain was homologous to those of CelA and CelC of the same fungus and to that of the Neocallimastix patriciarum CELA, but CelF lacks a docking domain, characteristic for enzymes of cellulosomes. It was also homologous to the cellobiohydrolase IIs and endoglucanases of aerobic organisms. The gene has a 111-bp intron, located within the CBM-coding region. Some biochemical properties of the purified recombinant enzyme are described. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Chen, Huizhong AU - Li, Xin-Liang AU - Blum, David L AU - Ximenes, Eduardo A AU - Ljungdahl, Lars G AD - Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit, NCAUR, USDA, ARS, 1815 N. University Street, 61604, Peoria, IL, lix@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - Mar 2003 SP - 775 EP - 785 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 108 IS - 1-3 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Neocallimastix patriciarum KW - Endoglucanase KW - cellulosomes KW - Orpinomyces KW - Signal peptides KW - Introns KW - Enzymes KW - Cellulase KW - Open reading frames KW - cellobiohydrolase KW - W 30925:Genetic Engineering KW - N 14845:Miscellaneous KW - K 03310:Genetics & Taxonomy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/815540266?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=CelF+of+Orpinomyces+PC-2+has+an+intron+and+encodes+a+cellulase+%28CelF%29+containing+a+carbohydrate-binding+module&rft.au=Chen%2C+Huizhong%3BLi%2C+Xin-Liang%3BBlum%2C+David+L%3BXimenes%2C+Eduardo+A%3BLjungdahl%2C+Lars+G&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Huizhong&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=775&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/10.1385%2FABAB%3A108%3A1-3%3A775 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Endoglucanase; cellulosomes; Signal peptides; Introns; Enzymes; cellobiohydrolase; Open reading frames; Cellulase; Neocallimastix patriciarum; Orpinomyces DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/ABAB:108:1-3:775 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fast and easy multiresidue method employing acetonitrile extraction/partitioning and "dispersive solid-phase extraction" for the determination of pesticide residues in produce. AN - 73233069; 12723926 AB - A simple, fast, and inexpensive method for the determination of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables is introduced. The procedure involves initial single-phase extraction of 10 g sample with 10 mL acetonitrile, followed by liquid-liquid partitioning formed by addition of 4 g anhydrous MgSO4 plus 1 g NaCl. Removal of residual water and cleanup are performed simultaneously by using a rapid procedure called dispersive solid-phase extraction (dispersive-SPE), in which 150 mg anhydrous MgSO4 and 25 mg primary secondary amine (PSA) sorbent are simply mixed with 1 mL acetonitrile extract. The dispersive-SPE with PSA effectively removes many polar matrix components, such as organic acids, certain polar pigments, and sugars, to some extent from the food extracts. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) is then used for quantitative and confirmatory analysis of GC-amenable pesticides. Recoveries between 85 and 101% (mostly > 95%) and repeatabilities typically < 5% have been achieved for a wide range of fortified pesticides, including very polar and basic compounds such as methamidophos, acephate, omethoate, imazalil, and thiabendazole. Using this method, a single chemist can prepare a batch of 6 previously chopped samples in < 30 min with approximately 1 dollar (U.S.) of materials per sample. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Anastassiades, Michelangelo AU - Lehotay, Steven J AU - Stajnbaher, Darinka AU - Schenck, Frank J AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 E. Mermaid Ln, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA. PY - 2003 SP - 412 EP - 431 VL - 86 IS - 2 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Acetonitriles KW - 0 KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - Pesticide Residues KW - Solvents KW - Index Medicus KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Calibration KW - Netherlands KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Acetonitriles -- chemistry KW - Vegetables -- chemistry KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis KW - Fruit -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73233069?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Fast+and+easy+multiresidue+method+employing+acetonitrile+extraction%2Fpartitioning+and+%22dispersive+solid-phase+extraction%22+for+the+determination+of+pesticide+residues+in+produce.&rft.au=Anastassiades%2C+Michelangelo%3BLehotay%2C+Steven+J%3BStajnbaher%2C+Darinka%3BSchenck%2C+Frank+J&rft.aulast=Anastassiades&rft.aufirst=Michelangelo&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=412&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-14 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Atrazine, deethylatrazine, and deisopropylatrazine in surface runoff from conservation tilled watersheds. AN - 73144289; 12666925 AB - Atrazine and two of its metabolites, deethylatrazine (DEA) and deisopropylatrazine (DIA), are frequently detected in surface runoff. Although their health and environmental effects may be similar to that of atrazine and ratios of their concentrations are useful in delineating sources of contamination, there have been few long-term studies of the factors affecting their losses in runoff. Therefore, losses of atrazine, DEA, and DIA were monitored for six years in runoff from seven small (0.45-0.79 ha) watersheds under three tillage practices. Weather year and the timing of runoff-producing rainfall had a greater effect on atrazine, DEA, and DIA concentrations and losses than did tillage practice. DEA was the most frequently detected metabolite with an average concentration in the year of atrazine application, of 2.5 microg L(-1) compared to 0.7 microg L(-1) for DIA. Atrazine exceeded its 3 /g L(-1) maximum contaminant level (MCL) up to 100 days after application. DEA and DIA exceeded the atrazine MCL up to 50 days after atrazine application; thus, failure to monitor their presence may result in underestimation of the environmental impact of atrazine usage. The molar concentration ratio of DEA to atrazine (DAR) was affected by tillage treatment, weather year, and possibly soil type. These factors may need to be taken into account when DAR is used as an index of atrazine movement. The ratio of DIA to DEA (D2R) was fairly constant and should be useful in determining the parent compounds contributing DIA to surface waters. JF - Environmental science & technology AU - Shipitalo, Martin J AU - Owens, Lloyd B AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, North Appalachian Experimental Watershed, P.O. Box 488, Coshocton, Ohio 43812-0488, USA. martin@coshocton.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/03/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Mar 01 SP - 944 EP - 950 VL - 37 IS - 5 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - 6-chloro-N-ethyl-1,3-5-triazine-2,4-diamine KW - 0 KW - Herbicides KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Triazines KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - deethylatrazine KW - Atrazine KW - QJA9M5H4IM KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Water Movements KW - Rain KW - Triazines -- analysis KW - Atrazine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- analysis KW - Herbicides -- analysis KW - Atrazine -- analysis KW - Soil Pollutants -- analysis KW - Conservation of Natural Resources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73144289?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+science+%26+technology&rft.atitle=Atrazine%2C+deethylatrazine%2C+and+deisopropylatrazine+in+surface+runoff+from+conservation+tilled+watersheds.&rft.au=Shipitalo%2C+Martin+J%3BOwens%2C+Lloyd+B&rft.aulast=Shipitalo&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=944&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+science+%26+technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-10 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Aspergillus parasiticus protein AFLJ interacts with the aflatoxin pathway-specific regulator AFLR. AN - 73132420; 12655397 AB - The Aspergillus parasiticus aflJgene, which is located in the aflatoxin biosynthetic gene cluster and is transcribed divergently from the aflatoxin pathway regulatory gene aflR, encodes a 438-amino acid protein. Transformation with aflJplus aflR, but not aflJalone, increased the accumulation of aflatoxin precursors substantially in an O-methylsterigmatocystin-accumulating A. parasiticus strain. Disruption of aflJ resulted in non-pigmented mutants that lost the ability to synthesize aflatoxin intermediates. Transcript profiling by real time RT-PCR indicated that the lack of aflJtranscripts in the aflJ knockout mutants is associated with a significant decrease in the transcript levels of the genes for early (pksAand nor1), middle (ver1) and later (omtA) steps in the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway, with the degree of reduction ranging from 5- to 20-fold. Deletion of aflJ, however, did not have any effect on the aflRtranscript level, and vice versa. Two-hybrid assays showed that AFLJ did not interact with aflatoxin biosynthetic enzymes, including NOR1, VER1, OMTA and ORDA. But AFLJ interacted with full-length AFLR, and the DNA-binding domain of AFLR was found not to be essential for this interaction. Simultaneous substitution of Arg427, Arg429, and Arg431 in the C-terminal region of AFLR with Leu residues abolished its ability to interact with AFLJ. Replacement of Asp436, which was previously shown to be crucial for AFLR's activation activity, with His, in contrast, had little effect on the interaction. On the other hand, deletions in most regions of AFLJ appeared to destroy its function, despite the fact that random amino acid substitution(s) in its C-terminal region did not drastically affect its capacity to interact with AFLR. The results show that aflJis involved in the expression of aflatoxin structural genes and support the hypothesis that aflJis a coactivator gene. JF - Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG AU - Chang, P-K AD - Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA. pkchang@srrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - March 2003 SP - 711 EP - 719 VL - 268 IS - 6 SN - 1617-4615, 1617-4615 KW - AFLR protein, Aspergillus KW - 0 KW - Aflatoxins KW - DNA, Fungal KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - Fungal Proteins KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins KW - Transcription Factors KW - Index Medicus KW - Multigene Family KW - Two-Hybrid System Techniques KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Binding Sites KW - Gene Deletion KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- chemistry KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- metabolism KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Gene Expression Profiling KW - Base Sequence KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- genetics KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - DNA, Fungal -- genetics KW - Amino Acid Substitution KW - Genes, Regulator KW - Fungal Proteins -- chemistry KW - Fungal Proteins -- metabolism KW - Aspergillus -- genetics KW - Aflatoxins -- metabolism KW - Genes, Fungal KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- chemistry KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- genetics KW - Aspergillus -- metabolism KW - Fungal Proteins -- genetics KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73132420?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+genetics+and+genomics+%3A+MGG&rft.atitle=The+Aspergillus+parasiticus+protein+AFLJ+interacts+with+the+aflatoxin+pathway-specific+regulator+AFLR.&rft.au=Chang%2C+P-K&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=P-K&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=268&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=711&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+genetics+and+genomics+%3A+MGG&rft.issn=16174615&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-23 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Viability of Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes surviving mild heat or aqueous ozone treatment on beef followed by heat, alkali, or salt stress. AN - 73100198; 12636289 AB - The threat of pathogen survival following ozone treatment of meat necessitates careful evaluation of the microorganisms surviving under such circumstances. The objective of this study was to determine whether sublethal aqueous ozone treatment (3 ppm of O3 for 5 min) of microorganisms on beef surfaces would result in increased or decreased survival with respect to subsequent heat, alkali, or NaCl stress. A mild heat treatment (55 degrees C for 30 min) was used for comparison. Reductions in three-strain cocktails of Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes on beef following the heat treatment were 0.14, 0.77, and 1.47 log10 CFU/g, respectively, whereas reductions following ozone treatment were 1.28, 0.85, and 1.09 log10 CFU/g, respectively. C. perfringens cells exhibited elevated heat resistance at 60 degrees C (D60 [time at 60 degrees C required to reduce the viable cell population by 1 log10 units or 90%] = 17.76 min) following heat treatment of beef (55 degrees C for 30 min) but exhibited reduced viability at 60 degrees C following ozone treatment (D60 = 7.64 min) compared with the viability of untreated control cells (D60 = 13.84 min). The D60-values for L. monocytogenes and E. coli O157:H7 following heat and ozone exposures were not significantly different (P > 0.05). C. perfringens cells that survived ozone treatment did not exhibit increased resistance to pH (pH 6 to 12) relative to non-ozone-treated cells when grown at 37 degrees C for 24 h. The heat treatment also resulted in decreased numbers of surviving cells above and below neutral pH values for both E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes relative to those of non-heat-treated cells grown at 37 degrees C for 24 h. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in C. perfringens reductions with increasing NaCl concentrations. The effects of NaCl were less apparent for E. coli and L. monocytogenes survivors. It is concluded that pathogens surviving ozone treatment of beef are less likely to endanger food safety than are those surviving sublethal heat treatments. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Novak, John S AU - Yuan, James T C AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. jnovak@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - March 2003 SP - 382 EP - 389 VL - 66 IS - 3 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Oxidants, Photochemical KW - 0 KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - Index Medicus KW - Hot Temperature KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Food Microbiology KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Oxidants, Photochemical -- pharmacology KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- drug effects KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- growth & development KW - Ozone -- pharmacology KW - Clostridium perfringens -- drug effects KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- drug effects KW - Clostridium perfringens -- growth & development KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73100198?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Viability+of+Clostridium+perfringens%2C+Escherichia+coli%2C+and+Listeria+monocytogenes+surviving+mild+heat+or+aqueous+ozone+treatment+on+beef+followed+by+heat%2C+alkali%2C+or+salt+stress.&rft.au=Novak%2C+John+S%3BYuan%2C+James+T+C&rft.aulast=Novak&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=382&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-27 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Co-expression of 15 contiguous genes delineates a fumonisin biosynthetic gene cluster in Gibberella moniliformis. AN - 73077210; 12620260 AB - Fumonisins are mycotoxins produced by the maize pathogen Gibberella moniliformis and are associated with cancer in rodents. In this study, we determined the nucleotide sequence of a 75-kb region of G. moniliformis DNA and identified 18 heretofore undescribed genes flanking a cluster of five previously identified fumonisin biosynthetic (FUM) genes. Ten of the newly identified genes downstream of the cluster were coregulated with FUM genes and exhibited patterns of expression that were correlated with fumonisin production. BLASTX analyses indicated that the predicted functions of proteins encoded by the 10 genes were consistent with activities expected for fumonisin biosynthesis or self-protection. These data indicate that the 10 newly identified genes and the previously identified FUM genes constitute a fumonisin biosynthetic gene cluster. Disruption of two of the new genes, encoding longevity assurance factors, had no apparent effect on fumonisin production, but disruption of a third, encoding an ABC transporter, had a subtle effect on ratios of fumonisins produced. JF - Fungal genetics and biology : FG & B AU - Proctor, Robert H AU - Brown, Daren W AU - Plattner, Ronald D AU - Desjardins, Anne E AD - US Department of Agriculture, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agriculture Research Service, 1815 North University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA. proctorh@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - March 2003 SP - 237 EP - 249 VL - 38 IS - 2 SN - 1087-1845, 1087-1845 KW - Fumonisins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Blotting, Northern KW - Sequence Alignment KW - Blotting, Southern KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Introns KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Sequence Analysis, DNA KW - Gibberella -- metabolism KW - Multigene Family KW - Gibberella -- genetics KW - Fumonisins -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73077210?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fungal+genetics+and+biology+%3A+FG+%26+B&rft.atitle=Co-expression+of+15+contiguous+genes+delineates+a+fumonisin+biosynthetic+gene+cluster+in+Gibberella+moniliformis.&rft.au=Proctor%2C+Robert+H%3BBrown%2C+Daren+W%3BPlattner%2C+Ronald+D%3BDesjardins%2C+Anne+E&rft.aulast=Proctor&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fungal+genetics+and+biology+%3A+FG+%26+B&rft.issn=10871845&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-20 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Is the interaction between dietary protein and calcium destructive or constructive for bone? AN - 73073663; 12612171 JF - The Journal of nutrition AU - Roughead, Zamzam K AD - Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9034, USA. froughea@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - March 2003 SP - 866S EP - 869S VL - 133 IS - 3 SN - 0022-3166, 0022-3166 KW - Calcium, Dietary KW - 0 KW - Dietary Proteins KW - Index Medicus KW - Diet, Protein-Restricted KW - Drug Interactions KW - Humans KW - Diet KW - Dietary Proteins -- administration & dosage KW - Bone and Bones -- physiology KW - Calcium, Dietary -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73073663?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.atitle=Is+the+interaction+between+dietary+protein+and+calcium+destructive+or+constructive+for+bone%3F&rft.au=Roughead%2C+Zamzam+K&rft.aulast=Roughead&rft.aufirst=Zamzam&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=133&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=866S&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.issn=00223166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-11 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vitamin C and vitamin E restore the resistance of GSH-depleted lens cells to H2O2. AN - 73072459; 12614841 AB - A decline in reduced glutathione (GSH) levels is associated with aging and many age-related diseases. The objective of this study was to determine whether other antioxidants can compensate for GSH depletion in protection against oxidative insults. Rabbit lens epithelial cells were depleted of > 75% of intracellular GSH by 25-200 microM buthionine sulfoximine (BSO). Depletion of GSH by BSO alone had little direct effect on cell viability, but resulted in an approximately 30-fold increase in susceptibility to H(2)O(2)-induced cell death. Experimentally enhanced levels of nonprotein sulfhydryls other than GSH (i.e., N-acetylcysteine) did not protect GSH-depleted cells from H(2)O(2)-induced cell death. In contrast, pretreatment of cells with vitamin C (25-50 microM) or vitamin E (5-40 microM), restored the resistance of GSH-depleted cells to H(2)O(2). However, concentrations of vitamin C > 400 microM and vitamin E > 80 microM enhanced the toxic effect of H(2)O(2). Although levels of GSH actually decreased by 10-20% in cells supplemented with vitamin C or vitamin E, the protective effects of vitamin C and vitamin E on BSO-treated cells were associated with significant ( approximately 70%) decreases in oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and concomitant restoration of the cellular redox status (as indicated by GSH:GSSG ratio) to levels detected in cells not treated with BSO. These results demonstrate a role for vitamin C and vitamin E in maintaining glutathione in its reduced form. The ability of vitamin C and vitamin E in compensations for GSH depletion to protect against H(2)O(2)-induced cell death suggests that GSH, vitamin C, and vitamin E have common targets in their actions against oxidative damage, and supports the preventive or therapeutic use of vitamin C and E to combat age- and pathology-associated declines in GSH. Moreover, levels of these nutrients must be optimized to achieve the maximal benefit. JF - Free radical biology & medicine AU - Shang, Fu AU - Lu, Minyi AU - Dudek, Edward AU - Reddan, John AU - Taylor, Allen AD - JM USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA. fu.shang@tufts.edu Y1 - 2003/03/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Mar 01 SP - 521 EP - 530 VL - 34 IS - 5 SN - 0891-5849, 0891-5849 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - Oxidants KW - Vitamin E KW - 1406-18-4 KW - Buthionine Sulfoximine KW - 5072-26-4 KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.27 KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - Ascorbic Acid KW - PQ6CK8PD0R KW - Glutathione Disulfide KW - ULW86O013H KW - Index Medicus KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Animals KW - Cells, Cultured -- metabolism KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Glutathione Disulfide -- metabolism KW - Oxidative Stress KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Rabbits KW - Cells, Cultured -- drug effects KW - Buthionine Sulfoximine -- pharmacology KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase -- metabolism KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- toxicity KW - Epithelial Cells -- metabolism KW - Ascorbic Acid -- therapeutic use KW - Epithelial Cells -- drug effects KW - Lens, Crystalline -- cytology KW - Glutathione -- metabolism KW - Antioxidants -- therapeutic use KW - Oxidants -- toxicity KW - Vitamin E -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73072459?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Free+radical+biology+%26+medicine&rft.atitle=Vitamin+C+and+vitamin+E+restore+the+resistance+of+GSH-depleted+lens+cells+to+H2O2.&rft.au=Shang%2C+Fu%3BLu%2C+Minyi%3BDudek%2C+Edward%3BReddan%2C+John%3BTaylor%2C+Allen&rft.aulast=Shang&rft.aufirst=Fu&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=521&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Free+radical+biology+%26+medicine&rft.issn=08915849&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-07 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of neutral mutants surrounding two naturally occurring variants of Potato spindle tuber viroid. AN - 73061758; 12604828 AB - Single point mutations in the pathogenicity domain of Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) can have a dramatic effect on disease expression, and only three substitutions are required for the spontaneous conversion of the type strain PSTVd-Intermediate to the rapidly replicating, highly pathogenic variant RG1 (Gruner et al., Virology 209, 60-69, 1995). To identify available evolutionary pathways linking these two variants, we mutagenized five positions in an infectious cDNA copy of PSTVd-Intermediate and screened the resulting mixture of 768 sequences for neutral or near-neutral mutants. Numerical simulations based on the bioassay data indicate that the 23 variants recovered represent >80 % of all such sequences. RG1 was the only naturally occurring variant recovered, and the overall pattern of sequence changes observed indicates that PSTVd-Int occupies a comparatively steep peak within the fitness landscape. JF - The Journal of general virology AU - Owens, R A AU - Thompson, S M AU - Kramer, M AD - Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, USDA/ARS,Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. owensr@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - March 2003 SP - 751 EP - 756 VL - 84 SN - 0022-1317, 0022-1317 KW - DNA, Complementary KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Genetic Variation KW - Base Sequence KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Mutation KW - DNA, Complementary -- analysis KW - Solanum tuberosum -- virology KW - Viroids -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73061758?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+general+virology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+neutral+mutants+surrounding+two+naturally+occurring+variants+of+Potato+spindle+tuber+viroid.&rft.au=Owens%2C+R+A%3BThompson%2C+S+M%3BKramer%2C+M&rft.aulast=Owens&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=&rft.spage=751&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+general+virology&rft.issn=00221317&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-27 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AF458989; GENBANK; AF458999; AF458998; AF459003; AF458997; AF459004; AF458996; AF458986; AF458995; AF458994; AF458988; AF458993; AF458987; AF458992; AF459000; AF459002; AF459001; AF458990; AF458991 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A proposal for upgrading the national-scale soil geochemical database for the United States AN - 51999353; 2003-031214 JF - Fact Sheet - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Smith, David B AU - Goldhaber, Martin B AU - Wilson, Michael A AU - Burt, Rebecca Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - March 2003 SP - 2 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA KW - United States KW - soils KW - concentration KW - toxic materials KW - pollutants KW - data processing KW - arsenic KW - pollution KW - mapping KW - metals KW - classification KW - data bases KW - risk assessment KW - USGS KW - geochemistry KW - heavy metals KW - soil management KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51999353?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Smith%2C+David+B%3BGoldhaber%2C+Martin+B%3BWilson%2C+Michael+A%3BBurt%2C+Rebecca&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=A+proposal+for+upgrading+the+national-scale+soil+geochemical+database+for+the+United+States&rft.title=A+proposal+for+upgrading+the+national-scale+soil+geochemical+database+for+the+United+States&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-015-03/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 7 N1 - Availability - U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Document feature - sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03880 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - arsenic; classification; concentration; data bases; data processing; geochemistry; heavy metals; mapping; metals; pollutants; pollution; risk assessment; soil management; soils; toxic materials; United States; USGS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil quality and its relationship to pedology AN - 51975130; 2003-045002 JF - Soil Science AU - Norfleet, M L AU - Ditzler, C A AU - Puckett, W E AU - Grossman, R B AU - Shaw, J N Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - March 2003 SP - 149 EP - 155 PB - Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore, MD VL - 168 IS - 3 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - soils KW - pedogenesis KW - land management KW - soil surveys KW - soil quality KW - surveys KW - land use KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51975130?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Soil+quality+and+its+relationship+to+pedology&rft.au=Norfleet%2C+M+L%3BDitzler%2C+C+A%3BPuckett%2C+W+E%3BGrossman%2C+R+B%3BShaw%2C+J+N&rft.aulast=Norfleet&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=168&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1097%2F01.ss0000058887.60072.07 L2 - http://www.soilsci.com LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 23 N1 - PubXState - MD N1 - Document feature - 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SOSCAK N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - land management; land use; pedogenesis; soil quality; soil surveys; soils; surveys DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ss0000058887.60072.07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Irrigation Method Affects Selenium Accumulation in Forage Brassica Species AN - 21024503; 8502306 AB - A greenhouse study was conducted in sand cultures to compare the effects of saline irrigation waters applied by two different methods, flooding and above-canopy sprinkling, on selenium (Se) accumulation by the forage brassicas, kale (Brassica oleracea L., cv. 'Premier') and turnip (B. rapa L., cv. 'Forage Star'). The composition of the irrigation water was designed to simulate saline (7dSm-1) drainage effluent commonly encountered in the San Joaquin Valley of California, and being evaluated for reuse by irrigation of salt tolerant crops. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with two irrigation methods, two plant species (kale and turnip), four Se concentrations (0.2,0.50, 1.0, and 2.0mgL-1 Se-SeO42-), and three replications. Kale was generally a more efficient Se accumulator than turnip. Shoot Se concentrations in kale and turnip increased with increasing Se in the irrigation waters regardless of irrigation method. Selenium was readily taken up by the leaves of the sprinkled plants to give shoot-Se concentrations that were two- to three-fold higher than in plants of the same cultivar grown under flood irrigation. Both kale and turnip can accumulate Se to concentrations that would be toxic to animals if exclusively fed this material. These Se-enriched forages may be useful as an additive to Se-deficient fodders in order to meet the nutritional requirements of livestock. The potential for phytoremediation of Se contaminated soils or waters is greatly enhanced by sprinkler irrigation via the mechanism of foliar absorption of Se. This enhanced uptake is especially important in the presence of elevated sulfate concentrations, which normally reduce Se uptake by plants. JF - Journal of Plant Nutrition AU - Suarez, Donald L AU - Grieve, Catherine M AU - Poss, James A AD - USDA-ARS, George E. Brown Jr. Salinity Laboratory, Riverside, CA, USA Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - Mar 2003 SP - 191 EP - 201 PB - Taylor & Francis, 11 New Fetter Lane London EC4P 4EE UK, [mailto:info@tandf.co.uk], [URL:http://www.tandf.co.uk] VL - 26 IS - 1 SN - 0190-4167, 0190-4167 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Sulfates KW - flood irrigation KW - USA, California, San Joaquin Valley KW - Nutrition KW - Crops KW - Forages KW - Selenium KW - Phytoremediation KW - Sand KW - Absorption KW - shoots KW - greenhouses KW - USA, California KW - Brassica oleracea KW - plant nutrition KW - Brassica rapa KW - valleys KW - Drainage KW - Irrigation KW - Brassica KW - Livestock KW - irrigation water KW - Impaired Water Use KW - Salts KW - forage KW - Flooding KW - cultivars KW - Irrigation Water KW - Accumulation KW - Additives KW - P 3000:SEWAGE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT KW - SW 1030:Use of water of impaired quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21024503?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Plant+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Irrigation+Method+Affects+Selenium+Accumulation+in+Forage+Brassica+Species&rft.au=Suarez%2C+Donald+L%3BGrieve%2C+Catherine+M%3BPoss%2C+James+A&rft.aulast=Suarez&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Plant+Nutrition&rft.issn=01904167&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FPLN-120016504 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sulfates; flood irrigation; valleys; Drainage; Irrigation; Crops; irrigation water; Livestock; Salts; Selenium; Sand; Phytoremediation; forage; Flooding; greenhouses; shoots; cultivars; Additives; plant nutrition; Impaired Water Use; Absorption; Irrigation Water; Nutrition; Accumulation; Forages; Brassica rapa; Brassica; Brassica oleracea; USA, California, San Joaquin Valley; USA, California DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/PLN-120016504 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interactions Between Cadmium Uptake and Phytotoxic Levels of Zinc in Hard Red Spring Wheat AN - 21018556; 8502319 AB - Wheat grown on cadmium (Cd)-uncontaminated soils can still potentially translocate unacceptable levels of Cd to grain. The effect of zinc (Zn) and Cd levels on Cd uptake and translocation in 'Grandin' hard red spring wheat (HRS-wheat) (Triticum aestivum L.) was investigated using a double chelator-buffered nutrient solution [EGTA used to buffer Cd, Zn, copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and nickel (Ni); and Ferrozine (FZ) used to buffer Fe2+]. In the Zn level series of treatments, Cd2+ activity was held constant at 10-10.7M, and the Zn2+ activity was varied from 10-7.6 to 10-5.2M. As Zn2+ activity increased, the translocation of Cd to the shoots decreased. The shoot:root Cd concentration ratio decreased from 0.20 to 0.03 as pZn2+ went from 7.6 to 5.2, indicating that adequate to high levels of Zn are effective in reducing Cd translocation to the shoots of 'Grandin' HRS-wheat. In the Cd series, the Zn activity was at 10-6.6M, while Cd activity was increased from 10-10.7 to 10-9.2M. High levels of Cd did not significantly affect the uptake and translocation of Zn in the roots and shoots. While at pCd2+ of 9.2, the root and shoot Cd concentrations significantly increased, there was not a significant increase in the shoot:root Cd ratio. This would indicate that even at high Cd2+ activities, Zn is effective in regulating Cd uptake and translocation in 'Grandin' HRS-wheat. JF - Journal of Plant Nutrition AU - Green, C E AU - Chaney, R L AU - Bouwkamp, J AD - Animal and Manure By-Products Laboratory, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - Mar 2003 SP - 417 EP - 430 PB - Taylor & Francis, 11 New Fetter Lane London EC4P 4EE UK, [mailto:info@tandf.co.uk], [URL:http://www.tandf.co.uk] VL - 26 IS - 2 SN - 0190-4167, 0190-4167 KW - Pollution Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21018556?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Plant+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Interactions+Between+Cadmium+Uptake+and+Phytotoxic+Levels+of+Zinc+in+Hard+Red+Spring+Wheat&rft.au=Green%2C+C+E%3BChaney%2C+R+L%3BBouwkamp%2C+J&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=417&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Plant+Nutrition&rft.issn=01904167&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FPLN-120017144 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/PLN-120017144 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Salinity and Irrigation Method Affect Mineral Ion Relations of Soybean AN - 21016342; 8502349 AB - Soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merrill] is moderately salt tolerant, but the method of irrigation used for crop production under saline conditions may influence the uptake and distribution of potentially toxic salts. This field study was conducted to determine the effects of application of saline waters by different methods, namely, drip and above-canopy sprinkler irrigation, on the ion relations of soybean cultivar 'Manokin'. Salinity was imposed by adding NaCl and CaCl2 (1:1 by weight) to nonsaline irrigation waters. Saline treatments with electrical conductivity (ECi) of 4dSm-1 were compared with nonsaline controls (ECi=0.5dSm-1). Ion concentrations in leaves, stems, roots, and when present, pods were determined at four stages of growth: vegetative, flowering, podding, and grain filling. Both Na+ and Cl- were excluded from the Manokin leaves and stems when plants were drip-irrigated and the uptake of these ions occurred solely via the root pathway. However, when saline water was applied by sprinkling, the ions entered leaves by both foliar absorption and root uptake and their concentrations in the leaves were about 9-fold higher than in those under saline drip irrigation. Regardless of treatment, leaf-K was highest during the vegetative stage, then decreased with plant age as K+ was mobilized to meet nutrient demands of the developing reproductive structures. JF - Journal of Plant Nutrition AU - Grieve, C M AU - Wang, D AU - Shannon, M C AD - USDA-ARS, George E. Brown, Jr. Salinity Laboratory, Riverside, California, USA Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - Mar 2003 SP - 901 EP - 913 PB - Taylor & Francis, 11 New Fetter Lane London EC4P 4EE UK, [mailto:info@tandf.co.uk], [URL:http://www.tandf.co.uk] VL - 26 IS - 4 SN - 0190-4167, 0190-4167 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Ions KW - Salts KW - Salinity KW - Leaves KW - Absorption KW - Roots KW - Stages KW - Saline Water KW - Soybeans KW - SW 1030:Use of water of impaired quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21016342?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Plant+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Salinity+and+Irrigation+Method+Affect+Mineral+Ion+Relations+of+Soybean&rft.au=Grieve%2C+C+M%3BWang%2C+D%3BShannon%2C+M+C&rft.aulast=Grieve&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=901&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Plant+Nutrition&rft.issn=01904167&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FPLN-120018573 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salts; Ions; Salinity; Absorption; Leaves; Roots; Stages; Saline Water; Soybeans DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/PLN-120018573 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of a major protein upon phosphate starvation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 AN - 20672557; 8127403 AB - To understand the physiology of non-differentiating bacteria exposed to nutrient deprivation and stress, various approaches have been employed in combination with detailed analysis of protein synthesis pattern. In this study, separation of proteins from clarified cell extracts of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 grown under phosphorus limiting conditions was achieved by high resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). Limitation of phosphate in the growth medium revealed significant differences in the 2-DE pattern of proteins between phosphate starved cells and an unstarved control. A major protein identified as PstS, a phosphate binding protein of the pts operon was exclusively found on 2-DE gels of phosphate starved bacteria. The identity of protein was established based on the results of Edman degradation, amino acid analysis and mass spectrometry. PstS was also found in other pseudomonads, and therefore, it can be used as a landmark protein in proteomic studies. Additionally, we propose utilizing pstS of pseudomonads for testing bioavailable phosphate from soils and water streams. JF - Journal of Basic Microbiology AU - Madhusudhan, Kunapuli T AU - McLaughlin, Robert AU - Komori, Naoka AU - Matsumoto, Hiroyuki AD - Center for Veterinary Biologics, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, USDA, 1800 Dayton Avenue, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA, kunapuli.t.madhusudhan@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - Mar 2003 SP - 36 EP - 46 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Baffins Lane Chichester W. Sussex PO19 1UD UK, [mailto:customer@wiley.co.uk], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 43 IS - 1 SN - 0233-111X, 0233-111X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Starvation KW - Protein biosynthesis KW - Amino acids KW - Phosphorus KW - Stress KW - Nutrients KW - Streams KW - Gel electrophoresis KW - Mass spectroscopy KW - Soil KW - Phosphate KW - proteomics KW - Pseudomonas aeruginosa KW - Operons KW - Edman degradation KW - J 02320:Cell Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20672557?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Basic+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+a+major+protein+upon+phosphate+starvation+of+Pseudomonas+aeruginosa+PAO1&rft.au=Madhusudhan%2C+Kunapuli+T%3BMcLaughlin%2C+Robert%3BKomori%2C+Naoka%3BMatsumoto%2C+Hiroyuki&rft.aulast=Madhusudhan&rft.aufirst=Kunapuli&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=36&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Basic+Microbiology&rft.issn=0233111X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fjobm.200390002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Starvation; Amino acids; Protein biosynthesis; Phosphorus; Stress; Nutrients; Streams; Mass spectroscopy; Gel electrophoresis; Soil; Phosphate; proteomics; Operons; Edman degradation; Pseudomonas aeruginosa DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jobm.200390002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The activities of the two thioredoxins from Streptomyces aureofaciens are not interchangeable AN - 20672078; 8127406 AB - The physico-chemical features of the NADPH-thioredoxin reductase (TRR) and two thioredoxins from Streptomyces aureofaciens (A14) are reported. The activity of pure S. aureofaciens thioredoxin reductase decreased drastically in the presence of NADPH or NADH while NADP+, NAD+, as well as S. aureofaciens thioredoxin-1 (TR1) activated the enzyme activity significantly. TR1 fully protected the enzyme from inactivation and also promoted its complete reactivation. S. aureofaciens thioredoxin-2 (TR2) did not protect thioredoxin reductase from NADPH inactivation. The results indicate that although the two thioredoxins from S. aureofaciens have similar biochemical properties, their essential oxidoreductase activities are not interchangeable. JF - Journal of Basic Microbiology AU - Horecka, Tatiana AU - Perecko, Dusan AU - Kutejova, Eva AU - Mikulasova, Darina AU - Kollarova, Marta AD - Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynska Dolina Ch-1, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic, horecka@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - Mar 2003 SP - 62 EP - 67 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Baffins Lane Chichester W. Sussex PO19 1UD UK, [mailto:customer@wiley.co.uk], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 43 IS - 1 SN - 0233-111X, 0233-111X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Thioredoxin KW - reductase KW - NADH KW - Thioredoxin-disulfide reductase KW - Enzymes KW - oxidoreductase KW - Streptomyces aureofaciens KW - NADP KW - J 02330:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20672078?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Basic+Microbiology&rft.atitle=The+activities+of+the+two+thioredoxins+from+Streptomyces+aureofaciens+are+not+interchangeable&rft.au=Horecka%2C+Tatiana%3BPerecko%2C+Dusan%3BKutejova%2C+Eva%3BMikulasova%2C+Darina%3BKollarova%2C+Marta&rft.aulast=Horecka&rft.aufirst=Tatiana&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=62&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Basic+Microbiology&rft.issn=0233111X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fjobm.200390006 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Thioredoxin; reductase; NADH; oxidoreductase; Enzymes; Thioredoxin-disulfide reductase; NADP; Streptomyces aureofaciens DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jobm.200390006 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Polyacrylamide+Al sub(2)(SO sub(4)) sub(3) and polyacrylamide+CaO remove coliform bacteria and nutrients from swine wastewater AN - 19930010; 5542969 AB - Animal wastes are a major contributor of nutrients and enteric microorganisms to surface water and ground water. Polyacrylamide (PAM) mixtures are an effective flocculent, and we hypothesized that they would reduce transport of microorganisms in flowing water. After waste water running at 60.0 l min[super]-1 flowed over PAM+Al sub(2)(SO sub(4)) sub(3), or PAM+CaO in furrows, total coliform bacteria (TC) and fecal coliform bacteria (FC) were reduced by 30-50% at 1 and 50 m downstream of the treatments compared to the control. In a column study, PAM+Al sub(2)(SO sub(4)) sub(3), and PAM+CaO applied to sandy, sandy loam, loam, and clay soils reduced NH sub(4)[super]+ and ortho-P concentrations in leachate compared to the source waste water and the control. PAM+Al sub(2)(SO sub(4)) sub(3) and PAM+CaO applied to sandy, sandy loam and loam soils reduced both total and ortho-P, concentrations in leachate compared to the source wastewater and control treatment. In a field study, PAM+Al sub(2)(SO sub(4)) sub(3), or PAM+CaO treatments did not consistently reduce NH sub(4)[super]+, NO sub(3)[super]-, ortho-P, and total P concentrations in wastewater flowing over any soil compared to inflow wastewater or the control treatment. With proper application PAM+ Al sub(2)(SO sub(4)) sub(3) and PAM+CaO may be able to reduce the numbers of enteric bacteria in slowly flowing wastewater running off animal confinement areas, reducing the amount of pollutants entering surface water and groundwater. JF - Environmental Pollution AU - Entry, JA AU - Phillips, I AU - Stratton, H AU - Sojka, R E AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, 3793 North 3600 East, Kimberly, ID, 83341, USA, jentry@kimberly.ars.pn.usbr.gov Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - Mar 2003 SP - 453 EP - 462 VL - 121 IS - 3 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - polyacrylamides KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Toxicology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Animal wastes KW - Barn Wastewater KW - Wastewater treatment KW - P 3000:SEWAGE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - AQ 00006:Sewage KW - A 01105:Non-patents KW - J 02420:Plant Diseases KW - X 24490:Other UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19930010?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Pollution&rft.atitle=Polyacrylamide%2BAl+sub%282%29%28SO+sub%284%29%29+sub%283%29+and+polyacrylamide%2BCaO+remove+coliform+bacteria+and+nutrients+from+swine+wastewater&rft.au=Entry%2C+JA%3BPhillips%2C+I%3BStratton%2C+H%3BSojka%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Entry&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=121&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=453&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Pollution&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0269-7491%2802%2900225-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-11 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wastewater treatment; Barn Wastewater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00225-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vegetation in passively revegetated constructed wetlands associated with agriculture in northwest Ohio AN - 19928009; 5732664 AB - Constructed wetlands are increasingly being introduced into the agricultural landscape, primarily for their ability to reduce delivery of non-point source pollutants to streams. Water treatment within a wetland is largely a function of the types/amounts of vegetation present in the wetland. Passively revegetated, constructed wetlands are being monitored for water quality improvement capability at three Wetland Reservoir Subirrigation Project (WRSIS) sites on previously converted cropland adjacent to agricultural fields in northwest Ohio. Quadrat based observational surveys of vascular vegetation were made during 1998-2001 in three zones at each site: the open water zone, a one meter deep zone centered at the waterline (frequently submerged), and the one meter zone above the waterline zone (infrequently submerged). There was a total flora (77 unique species) from all three locations combined. Few species had established in the open water zone. There were similar numbers of annuals (47%) and perennials (49%) of total flora. Wetland indicator species represented 46%. 85% of the wetland species were native. Dominant species, species with high importance factor (IF) rankings, within the constructed wetlands were most likely from local sources. One of the high IF species, Polygonum persicaria, was a "weed" in local agricultural fields. Four IF species were observed in nearby drainage ditches and streams. Remaining high IF species were supplied from erosion control efforts, for example Medicago sativa and Echinochloa crus-galli, which were seeded onto the top of the banks following construction. Surveys and IF lists suggest planting may expedite vegetation establishment in WRSIS constructed wetlands. JF - Ohio Journal of Science AU - Luckeydoo, L M AD - USDA-ARS 590 Woody Hayes Dr, Columbus OH 43210, USA, Luckeydoo.1@osu.edu Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - Mar 2003 SP - 1 PB - Ohio Academy of Science VL - 103 IS - 1 SN - 0030-0950, 0030-0950 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Drainage Ditches KW - water quality KW - Artificial wetlands KW - Soil erosion KW - Echinochloa crus-galli KW - Artificial Wetlands KW - Streams KW - Water Pollution Control KW - Erosion Control KW - Water treatment KW - Reservoirs KW - Vegetation Establishment KW - flora KW - dominant species KW - Nonpoint Pollution Sources KW - agriculture KW - planting KW - Vegetation KW - agricultural land KW - erosion control KW - indicator species KW - weeds KW - USA, Ohio KW - Polygonum persicaria KW - Medicago sativa KW - non-point pollution KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19928009?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ohio+Journal+of+Science&rft.atitle=Vegetation+in+passively+revegetated+constructed+wetlands+associated+with+agriculture+in+northwest+Ohio&rft.au=Luckeydoo%2C+L+M&rft.aulast=Luckeydoo&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=A39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ohio+Journal+of+Science&rft.issn=00300950&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - water quality; flora; dominant species; Artificial wetlands; agriculture; Vegetation; planting; agricultural land; Soil erosion; Streams; Water treatment; indicator species; erosion control; weeds; Reservoirs; non-point pollution; Vegetation Establishment; Drainage Ditches; Water Pollution Control; Erosion Control; Nonpoint Pollution Sources; Artificial Wetlands; Polygonum persicaria; Echinochloa crus-galli; Medicago sativa; USA, Ohio ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Irrigation Technology Transitions in the Mid-plains States: Implications for Water Conservation/Water Quality Goals and Institutional Changes AN - 19920368; 5582018 AB - A Parks modified multinomial logit model is used to examine the influence of the agricultural economic environment on irrigation technology transitions in the mid-plains states. Simulation analyses assess expected agricultural water conservation and its implications for water quality/environmental goals and water institutional reform. Under baseline agri-economic assumptions, regional agricultural water use efficiency could improve from 2.3% to 9.8%. Technology-specific elasticities show that crop price effects on irrigation technology transitions are relatively inelastic. Results for the mid-plains states differ from those obtained for the Pacific north-west (an earlier study), implying that differentially endowed resource regions will likely require different resource conservation policy and institutional approaches. JF - International Journal of Water Resources Development AU - Schaible, G D AU - Aillery, M P AD - Resource Economics Division, Suite S4050, Economic Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 1800 M Street, NW, Washington, DC 20036-5831, USA, schaible@ers.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - Mar 2003 SP - 67 EP - 88 VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0790-0627, 0790-0627 KW - USA, central KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Pollution Abstracts; Human Population; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - water quality KW - Regional Analysis KW - Prices KW - Water conservation KW - Water resources KW - Economic Aspects KW - Water quality KW - Crops KW - environmental policy KW - Efficiency KW - Water Policy KW - Economics KW - Irrigation (see also Land treatment) KW - Water resources development KW - Policies KW - Resource conservation KW - Irrigation KW - agriculture KW - Water Conservation KW - Environmental policy KW - agricultural economics KW - Model Studies KW - Water quality control KW - Water management KW - Conservation KW - Resource development KW - Technology KW - Agriculture KW - Water Management KW - Water Use Efficiency KW - Environmental factors KW - Irrigation Practices KW - Institutional Constraints KW - IN, Pacific KW - water use KW - Simulation KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - USA KW - Water policy KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - M1 320:Environmental & Natural Resource Development KW - Q2 09123:Conservation KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 4020:Evaluation process UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19920368?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Water+Resources+Development&rft.atitle=Irrigation+Technology+Transitions+in+the+Mid-plains+States%3A+Implications+for+Water+Conservation%2FWater+Quality+Goals+and+Institutional+Changes&rft.au=Schaible%2C+G+D%3BAillery%2C+M+P&rft.aulast=Schaible&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Water+Resources+Development&rft.issn=07900627&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F0790062032000040782 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-06-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Water Management and Irrigated Agriculture in the Western U.S. N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-05 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Policies; Resource conservation; Water management; Water conservation; Irrigation; Water resources; Resource development; Water quality; Environmental factors; Agriculture; Economics; Environmental policy; Technology; water use; water quality; agriculture; Simulation; environmental policy; agricultural economics; Crops; Water quality control; Efficiency; Water resources development; Conservation; Prices; Irrigation (see also Land treatment); Modelling (-general-); Water policy; Irrigation Practices; Regional Analysis; Water Management; Water Policy; Water Use Efficiency; Institutional Constraints; Economic Aspects; Water Conservation; Model Studies; USA; IN, Pacific DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0790062032000040782 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field Note--Germination and Survival of Spruce Seedlings Following Fire in Northwestern Alberta AN - 19649467; 7399494 AB - Thirty semipermanent plots were established in a 10 ha (24.7 ac) spruce stand the spring following a winter harvest and subsequent prescribed burn to monitor germination by month and overwinter survival of spruce seedlings. Seventy percent of all germination occurred in June with regeneration densities as high as 800,000 germinants ha super(-1) (323,755 ac super(-1)). Most germination occurred, and overwinter survival was highest in depressed microsites. Overwinter survival averaged 68,000 seedlings ha super(-1) (27,520 ac super(-1)), with June germinants having greater survival then July or August germinants. Only three new germinants were detected the second spring following the prescribed burn. JF - Northern Journal of Applied Forestry AU - Berger, CA AU - Gilmore, D W AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 240 W. Prospect Rd., Ft. Collins, CO, 80526, USA Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - Mar 2003 SP - 45 EP - 47 VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 0742-6348, 0742-6348 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Burns KW - Fires KW - winter KW - regeneration KW - Canada, Alberta KW - Seedlings KW - survival KW - germination KW - Forestry KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19649467?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northern+Journal+of+Applied+Forestry&rft.atitle=Field+Note--Germination+and+Survival+of+Spruce+Seedlings+Following+Fire+in+Northwestern+Alberta&rft.au=Berger%2C+CA%3BGilmore%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Berger&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northern+Journal+of+Applied+Forestry&rft.issn=07426348&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Burns; Fires; winter; regeneration; Seedlings; survival; Forestry; germination; Canada, Alberta ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phosphorus acquisition and use: critical adaptations by plants for securing a nonrenewable resource AN - 19231912; 5778779 AB - Phosphorus (P) is limiting for crop yield on > 30% of the world's arable land and, by some estimates, world resources of inexpensive P may be depleted by 2050. Improvement of P acquisition and use by plants is critical for economic, humanitarian and environmental reasons. Plants have evolved a diverse array of strategies to obtain adequate P under limiting conditions, including modifications to root architecture, carbon metabolism and membrane structure, exudation of low molecular weight organic acids, protons and enzymes, and enhanced expression of the numerous genes involved in low-P adaptation. These adaptations may be less pronounced in mycorrhizal-associated plants. The formation of cluster roots under P-stress by the nonmycorrhizal species white lupin (Lupinus albus), and the accompanying biochemical changes exemplify many of the plant adaptations that enhance P acquisition and use. Physiological, biochemical, and molecular studies of white lupin and other species response to P-deficiency have identified targets that may be useful for plant improvement. Genomic approaches involving identification of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) found under low-P stress may also yield target sites for plant improvement. Interdisciplinary studies uniting plant breeding, biochemistry, soil science, and genetics under the large umbrella of genomics are prerequisite for rapid progress in improving nutrient acquisition and use in plants. JF - New Phytologist AU - Vance, C P AU - Uhde-Stone, C AU - Allan, D L AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Plant Science Research Unit, University of Minnesota 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108, USA, vance004@tc.umn.edu Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - Mar 2003 SP - 423 EP - 447 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd. VL - 157 IS - 3 SN - 0028-646X, 0028-646X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Adaptations KW - Plants KW - Phosphorus KW - Lupinus albus KW - D 04637:Legumes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19231912?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Phytologist&rft.atitle=Phosphorus+acquisition+and+use%3A+critical+adaptations+by+plants+for+securing+a+nonrenewable+resource&rft.au=Vance%2C+C+P%3BUhde-Stone%2C+C%3BAllan%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Vance&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=157&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=423&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+Phytologist&rft.issn=0028646X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1469-8137.2003.00695.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lupinus albus; Phosphorus; Adaptations; Plants DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00695.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response of fishes and aquatic habitats to sand-bed stream restoration using large woody debris AN - 18960040; 5720661 AB - Effects of habitat rehabilitation of Little Topashaw Creek, a sinuous, sand-bed stream draining 37 km super(2) in northwest Mississippi are described. The rehabilitation project consisted of placing 72 large woody debris structures along eroding concave banks and planting 4000 willow cuttings in sandbars. Response was measured by monitoring flow, channel geometry, physical aquatic habitat, and fish populations. Initially, debris structures reduced high flow velocities at concave bank toes, preventing further erosion and inducing deposition. Physical response during the first year following construction included creation of sand berms along eroding banks and slight increases in base flow water width and depth. Fish collections showed assemblages typical of incising streams within the region, but minor initial responses to debris addition were evident. Progressive failure of the structures and renewed erosion were observed during the second year after construction. JF - Hydrobiologia AU - Shields, FD Jr AU - Knight, S S AU - Morin, N AU - Blank, J AD - U.S. Dept. of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service National Sedimentation Laboratory, P.O. Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655-1157, U.S.A., dshields@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - March 2003 SP - 251 EP - 257 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 494 IS - 1-3 SN - 0018-8158, 0018-8158 KW - Large woody debris KW - Little Topashaw Creek KW - Sand-bed streams KW - woody debris KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Rivers KW - Fluvial morphology KW - Habitat changes KW - Wood KW - Habitat improvement (physical) KW - Freshwater KW - Freshwater fish KW - Population dynamics KW - Streams KW - Restoration KW - Pisces KW - Erosion KW - Channel flow KW - USA, Mississippi KW - Stream flow rate KW - Environmental restoration KW - Population levels KW - Salix KW - River beds KW - Q2 09263:Topography and morphology KW - Q1 08341:General KW - D 04668:Fish KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18960040?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrobiologia&rft.atitle=Response+of+fishes+and+aquatic+habitats+to+sand-bed+stream+restoration+using+large+woody+debris&rft.au=Shields%2C+FD+Jr%3BKnight%2C+S+S%3BMorin%2C+N%3BBlank%2C+J&rft.aulast=Shields&rft.aufirst=FD&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=494&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=251&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrobiologia&rft.issn=00188158&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Fluvial morphology; Erosion; Channel flow; Stream flow rate; Wood; Habitat improvement (physical); Population dynamics; Freshwater fish; River beds; Restoration; Environmental restoration; Habitat changes; Population levels; Streams; Pisces; Salix; USA, Mississippi; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Above- and below-ground responses of C sub(3) -C sub(4) species mixtures to elevated CO sub(2) and soil water availability AN - 18916863; 5583019 AB - We evaluated the influences of CO sub(2)[Control, similar to 370 mu mol mol super(-1); 200 mu mol mol super(-1) above ambient applied by free-air CO sub(2) enrichment (FACE)] and soil water (Wet, Dry) on above- and below-ground responses of C sub(3) (cotton, Gossypium hirsutum) and C sub(4) (sorghum, Sorghum bicolor) plants in monocultures and two density mixtures. In monocultures, CO sub(2) enrichment increased height, leaf area, above-ground biomass and reproductive output of cotton, but not sorghum, and was independent of soil water treatment. In mixtures, cotton, but not sorghum, above-ground biomass and height were generally reduced compared to monocultures, across both CO sub(2) and soil water treatments. Density did not affect individual plant responses of either cotton or sorghum across the other treatments. Total (cotton + sorghum) leaf area and above-ground biomass in low-density mixtures were similar between CO sub(2) treatments, but increased by 17-21% with FACE in high-density mixtures, due to a 121% enhancement of cotton leaf area and a 276% increase in biomass under the FACE treatment. Total root biomass in the upper 1.2 m of the soil was not influenced by CO sub(2) or by soil water in monoculture or mixtures; however, under dry conditions we observed significantly more roots at lower soil depths (> 45 cm). Sorghum roots comprised 81-85% of the total roots in the low-density mixture and 58-73% in the high-density mixture. CO sub(2)-enrichment partly offset negative effects of interspecific competition on cotton in both low- and high-density mixtures by increasing above-ground biomass, with a greater relative increase in the high-density mixture. As a consequence, CO sub(2)-enrichment increased total above-ground yield of the mixture at high density. Individual plant responses to CO sub(2) enrichment in global change models that evaluate mixed plant communities should be adjusted to incorporate feedbacks for interspecific competition. Future field studies in natural ecosystems should address the role that a CO sub(2)-mediated increase in C sub(3) growth may have on subsequent vegetation change. JF - Global Change Biology AU - Derner, J D AU - Johnson, H B AU - Kimball, BA AU - Pinter, P J AU - Polley, H W AU - Tischler, C R AU - Boutton, T W AU - Lamorte, R L AU - Wall, G W AU - Adam, N R AU - Leavitt, S W AU - Ottman, MJ AU - Matthias, AD AU - Brooks, T J AD - USDA-ARS, High Plains Grasslands Research Station, 8408 Hildreth Road, Cheyenne, WY 82009, USA, jderner@npa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - March 2003 SP - 452 EP - 460 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 9 IS - 3 SN - 1354-1013, 1354-1013 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Leaf area KW - Cotton cultivation KW - Carbon cycle KW - Carbon dioxide-vegetation relationships KW - Biomass KW - Water availability KW - Gossypium hirsutum KW - Sorghum bicolor KW - Sorghum cultivation KW - Global warming KW - Soil moisture KW - Competition KW - D 04625:Plants - general KW - M2 551.510.411:Surface and planetary boundary layer (PBL) (551.510.411) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18916863?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Change+Biology&rft.atitle=Above-+and+below-ground+responses+of+C+sub%283%29+-C+sub%284%29+species+mixtures+to+elevated+CO+sub%282%29+and+soil+water+availability&rft.au=Derner%2C+J+D%3BJohnson%2C+H+B%3BKimball%2C+BA%3BPinter%2C+P+J%3BPolley%2C+H+W%3BTischler%2C+C+R%3BBoutton%2C+T+W%3BLamorte%2C+R+L%3BWall%2C+G+W%3BAdam%2C+N+R%3BLeavitt%2C+S+W%3BOttman%2C+MJ%3BMatthias%2C+AD%3BBrooks%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Derner&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=452&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Change+Biology&rft.issn=13541013&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2486.2003.00579.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Leaf area; Carbon cycle; Global warming; Biomass; Soil moisture; Competition; Water availability; Sorghum cultivation; Cotton cultivation; Carbon dioxide-vegetation relationships; Sorghum bicolor; Gossypium hirsutum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00579.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Aerosolized Dust in Goats on Lung Clearance of Pasteurella and Mannheimia Species AN - 18876308; 5727198 AB - The objective was to determine whether the inhalation of large quantities of feed-yard dust predisposed the animals to pulmonary bacterial proliferation. Two control groups, C1 and C2, did not receive dust treatments, and two principal groups (P1 and P2) received a total of 14 dust treatments each. The C1 and P1 groups of goats each received a transthoracic challenge of live Mannheimia haemolytica (4 2 10 super(6) colony forming units, CFU) The C2 and P2 groups of goats each received a transthoracic challenge of live Pasteurella multocida (1.0 2 10 super(6) CFU/goat). The results showed that dusted animals had fever when compared with non-dusted controls. In addition, dusted animals demonstrated a leukocytosis with neutrophilia after the first dust treatment that was not sustainable. Finally, dusted animals demonstrated pulmonary clearance of two potential bacterial pathogens that was not significantly different from that shown by control (not dusted) animals. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Purdy, C W AU - Straus, D C AU - Chirase, N AU - Ayers, J R AU - Hoover, MD AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Conservation and Production Research Laboratory, Bushland, Texas 79012, USA Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - Mar 2003 SP - 174 EP - 179 PB - Springer-Verlag, Life Science Journals VL - 46 IS - 3 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - goats KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18876308?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Aerosolized+Dust+in+Goats+on+Lung+Clearance+of+Pasteurella+and+Mannheimia+Species&rft.au=Purdy%2C+C+W%3BStraus%2C+D+C%3BChirase%2C+N%3BAyers%2C+J+R%3BHoover%2C+MD&rft.aulast=Purdy&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=174&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00284-002-3821-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00284-002-3821-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gap formation and forest regeneration in a Micronesian mangrove forest AN - 18858401; 5593320 AB - Gaps created by the death of one or more contiguous trees are common in mangrove forests but are poorly understood. In Kosrae, Federated States of Micronesia, where mangrove wood is harvested for local use, most natural gaps were 100 m super(2). Interior zones, where access is facilitated by roads, were the most heavily exploited. Although the forests contained 11 species, two species were primarily responsible for gap formation. Natural gaps were caused mainly by broken stems and large branches of Sonneratia alba trees, whereas logging gaps were created primarily by harvesting Rhizophora apiculata trees. Most natural gaps were formed by the fall of more than one tree or branch. Seedling densities were higher in logging gaps than in natural gaps and higher in gaps than under intact canopy. Bruguiera gymnorrhiza was the most common seedling species in gaps and under intact canopy. Relative rates of growth in height were faster in gaps than under intact canopy for R. apiculata and B. gymnorrhiza seedlings. Current harvesting practices on the island do not seem to be altering species richness, although R. apiculata may become less common as gaps are increasingly captured by B. gymnorrhiza. JF - Journal of Tropical Ecology AU - Pinzon, Z S AU - Ewel, K C AU - Putz, F E AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, 1151 Punchbowl St., Rm. 323, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - Mar 2003 SP - 143 EP - 153 VL - 19 IS - 2 SN - 0266-4674, 0266-4674 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - ISEW, Pacific, Caroline Is., Kosrae KW - Gaps KW - Mortality KW - Bruguiera gymnorrhiza KW - Micronesia, Kosrae KW - Mangrove swamps KW - Population density KW - Man-induced effects KW - Habitat KW - Vegetation cover KW - Distribution records KW - Regeneration KW - Sonneratia alba KW - Exploitation KW - Rhizophora apiculata KW - Mangroves KW - Harvesting KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - Q1 08422:Environmental effects KW - D 04210:Coastal ecosystems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18858401?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Tropical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Gap+formation+and+forest+regeneration+in+a+Micronesian+mangrove+forest&rft.au=Pinzon%2C+Z+S%3BEwel%2C+K+C%3BPutz%2C+F+E&rft.aulast=Pinzon&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=578&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Revista+de+la+Asociacion+Geologica+Argentina&rft.issn=00044822&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vegetation cover; Mortality; Distribution records; Population density; Man-induced effects; Exploitation; Habitat; Harvesting; Mangroves; Gaps; Mangrove swamps; Regeneration; Bruguiera gymnorrhiza; Sonneratia alba; Rhizophora apiculata; ISEW, Pacific, Caroline Is., Kosrae; Micronesia, Kosrae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S026646740300316X ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reports of Fish Kills Prior to 1900 in the United States AN - 18848065; 5605507 JF - Reviews in Fisheries Science AU - Mitchell, A J AD - Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center, USDA/ARS, P. O. Box 1050, Stuttgart, Arkansas 72160-1050, USA, dmitchell@spa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - Mar 2003 SP - 1 EP - 11 VL - 11 IS - 1 SN - 1064-1262, 1064-1262 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Pisces KW - Fish kill KW - USA KW - Long-term records KW - fish KW - Population dynamics KW - Mortality causes KW - Q1 08442:Population dynamics KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18848065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reviews+in+Fisheries+Science&rft.atitle=Reports+of+Fish+Kills+Prior+to+1900+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Mitchell%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reviews+in+Fisheries+Science&rft.issn=10641262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fish kill; Long-term records; fish; Population dynamics; Mortality causes; Pisces; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors limiting the intertidal distribution of the mangrove species Xylocarpus granatum AN - 18838038; 5592814 AB - The tree species Xylocarpus granatum is commonly described as occurring in the upper intertidal zone of mangrove forests, but mature trees are occasionally found at lower elevations. In the Utwe River Basin, on the Pacific island of Kosrae, we investigated the relative importance of several biotic and abiotic factors that may control the intertidal distribution of X. granatum. Factors we evaluated included differential seed predation across the lower, mid, and upper intertidal zones and seedling responses to salinity, tidal flooding, and shade. Seed predation was 22.4% over the first 34 days and varied little among zones or in gaps versus under the forest canopy. By day 161, there were still no differences in seed mortality, but a significant difference was found in seedling establishment, with much greater establishment in the upper intertidal plots. X. granatum seedlings in a greenhouse experiment exhibited greater growth in freshwater than seedlings in 23 ppt salinity, which is typical of salinity levels found in the mid intertidal zone in our field study sites in Micronesia, where matureX. granatum trees are generally absent. Seedlings grown in 23 ppt salinity, however, exhibited few visible signs of stress associated with patterns in growth. Seedlings grown in a simulated tidal flooding treatment (with 23 ppt salinity) also showed few signs of stress. Growth declined dramatically under 80% shade cloths, but there were few interactions of shading with either 23 ppt salinity or simulated tidal flooding. Differential seed predation is not likely to be the primary factor responsible for the intertidal distribution ofX. granatum on Kosrae. However, seedling tolerance of flooding or salinity may be more important, especially relative to a potential contribution to secondary stress mortality. Other factors may ultimately prove to be more critical, such as physiological effects of salinity on seed germination, effects of tides on seed dispersal and rooting, or differential herbivory on seedlings. JF - Oecologia AU - Allen, JA AU - Krauss, K W AU - Hauff, R D AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, 1151 Punchbowl St., Rm. 323, HI 96813, Honolulu, USA Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - March 2003 SP - 110 EP - 121 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 135 IS - 1 SN - 0029-8549, 0029-8549 KW - tidal flooding KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - ISEW, Pacific, Caroline Is., Kosrae KW - Ecological distribution KW - Mangrove swamps KW - Brackish KW - Limiting factors KW - Environmental factors KW - Tidal effects KW - Intertidal environment KW - Brackishwater ecology KW - Tidal range KW - Salinity effects KW - Flooding KW - Micronesia KW - Seedlings KW - Xylocarpus granatum KW - Shading KW - Mangroves KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - Q1 08422:Environmental effects KW - D 04210:Coastal ecosystems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18838038?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oecologia&rft.atitle=Factors+limiting+the+intertidal+distribution+of+the+mangrove+species+Xylocarpus+granatum&rft.au=Allen%2C+JA%3BKrauss%2C+K+W%3BHauff%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=135&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=110&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oecologia&rft.issn=00298549&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00442-002-1167-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ecological distribution; Mangrove swamps; Limiting factors; Tidal effects; Environmental factors; Intertidal environment; Brackishwater ecology; Tidal range; Salinity effects; Flooding; Seedlings; Shading; Mangroves; Xylocarpus granatum; ISEW, Pacific, Caroline Is., Kosrae; Micronesia; Brackish DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-002-1167-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variation In Nest Sites, Nesting Success, Territory Size, And Frequency Of Polygyny In Winter Wrens In Northern Temperate Coniferous Forests AN - 18822700; 5712839 AB - We studied the nesting ecology of Winter Wrens (Troglodytes troglodytes) from 1994-1996 in coastal, coniferous, temperate rain forest of southeastern Alaska. Overall nesting success (estimated by the Mayfield method) of 143 nests exceeded that reported for other published studies of temperate wrens, including T. troglodytes. Wrens used understory nest sites (logs, stumps, root disks of uprooted trees, understory moss, stream banks) in two forest sites where predation of nests was low (2% of 65 nests). Males at these two sites commonly had small territories (1.8 ha plus or minus 0.3 SE and 1.2 ha plus or minus 0.1 SE) and often mated polygynously (22% and 78% of males had at least two mates). In the third study area, where predation (probably by red squirrels, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) on understory nests was relatively high (19% of 59 nests), nests most often were placed in moss clumps on tree branches, as high as 18 m above ground. Males in this study area had the largest territories (2.8 ha plus or minus 0.4 SE) and most (90%) mated monogamously. Variation in nesting ecology among these three superficially similar (mature conifer forest) sites may be related to subtle differences in habitat features and predator abundance. JF - Wilson Bulletin AU - De santo, TL AU - Willson, M F AU - Bartecchi, K M AU - Weinstein, J AD - Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Forestry Sciences Lab., 2770 Sherwood Ln., Suite 2A, Juneau, AK 99801-8545, USA, tdesanto@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - Mar 2003 SP - 29 EP - 37 PB - The Wilson Ornithological Society VL - 115 IS - 1 SN - 0043-5643, 0043-5643 KW - Winter wren KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25426:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18822700?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Variation+In+Nest+Sites%2C+Nesting+Success%2C+Territory+Size%2C+And+Frequency+Of+Polygyny+In+Winter+Wrens+In+Northern+Temperate+Coniferous+Forests&rft.au=De+santo%2C+TL%3BWillson%2C+M+F%3BBartecchi%2C+K+M%3BWeinstein%2C+J&rft.aulast=De+santo&rft.aufirst=TL&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=115&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.issn=00435643&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0043-5643%282003%29115%280029%3AVINSNS%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0043-5643&volume=115&page=29 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0043-5643(2003)115(0029:VINSNS)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Moderate Antioxidant Supplementation Has No Effect on Biomarkers of Oxidant Damage in Healthy Men with Low Fruit and Vegetable Intakes AN - 18790748; 5652888 AB - The link between high fruit/vegetable intake and reduced chronic disease may be partly explained by antioxidant protection. To determine the effect of moderate antioxidant intake on biomarkers of oxidant damage, we assessed in vivo lipid and protein oxidation in 77 healthy men whose typical diet contained few fruits and vegetables (mean of 2.6 servings/d). The 39 nonsmokers and 38 smokers, age 20-51 y, were given a daily supplement (272 mg vitamin C, 31 mg all-rac- alpha -tocopherol, and 400 mu g folic acid), or placebo, for 90 d with their usual diet. Blood and urine were taken at baseline and the end of the study for determination of lipid peroxidation products, including F sub(2)-total and 8-isoprostanes, and protein carbonyls. Urine thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) was the only oxidant damage marker that was significantly higher in smokers compared to nonsmokers (P < 0.05). Supplementation increased plasma ascorbate and tocopherol, but had no effect on the oxidant biomarkers. In healthy young men, the endogenous antioxidant defense system and a modest intake of dietary antioxidants are adequate to minimize levels of in vivo oxidant damage such that they cannot be differentiated by current methods. JF - Journal of Nutrition AU - Jacob, R A AU - Aiello, G M AU - Stephensen, C B AU - Blumberg, J B AU - Milbury, P E AU - Wallock, L M AU - Ames, B N AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture/ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616-8683, USA, rjacob@whnrc.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - Mar 2003 SP - 740 EP - 743 VL - 133 IS - 3 SN - 0022-3166, 0022-3166 KW - Physical Education Index KW - PE 090:Sports Medicine & Exercise Sport Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18790748?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Moderate+Antioxidant+Supplementation+Has+No+Effect+on+Biomarkers+of+Oxidant+Damage+in+Healthy+Men+with+Low+Fruit+and+Vegetable+Intakes&rft.au=Jacob%2C+R+A%3BAiello%2C+G+M%3BStephensen%2C+C+B%3BBlumberg%2C+J+B%3BMilbury%2C+P+E%3BWallock%2C+L+M%3BAmes%2C+B+N&rft.aulast=Jacob&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=133&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=740&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Nutrition&rft.issn=00223166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Dietary Fat and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Quantity or Quality? AN - 18775464; 5634053 AB - When considering dietary fat quantity, there are two main factors to consider, impact on body weight and plasma lipoprotein profiles. Data supporting a major role of dietary fat quantity in determining body weight are weak and may be confounded by differences in energy density, dietary fiber, and dietary protein. With respect to plasma lipoprotein profiles, relatively consistent evidence indicates that under isoweight conditions, decreasing the total fat content of the diet causes an increase in triglyceride and decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. When considering dietary fat quality, current evidence suggests that saturated fatty acids tend to increase low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, whereas monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids tend to decrease LDL cholesterol levels. Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (22:6n-3), are associated with decreased triglyceride levels in hypertriglyceridemic patients and decreased risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD). Dietary trans-fatty acids are associated with increased LDL cholesterol levels. Hence, a diet low in saturated and trans-fatty acids, with adequate amounts of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, would be recommended to reduce the risk of developing CHD. Additionally, the current data suggest it is necessary to go beyond dietary fat, regardless of whether the emphasis is on quantity or quality, and consider lifestyle. This would include encouraging abstinence from smoking, habitual physical activity, avoidance of weight gain with age, and responsible limited alcohol intake (one drink for females and two drinks for males per day). JF - Journal of Women's Health AU - Lichtenstein, AH Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - Mar 2003 SP - 109 EP - 114 PB - Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. Publishers, 2 Madison Ave Larchmont NY 10538-1962 USA VL - 12 IS - 2 KW - Physical Education Index KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18775464?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Women%27s+Health&rft.atitle=Dietary+Fat+and+Cardiovascular+Disease+Risk%3A+Quantity+or+Quality%3F&rft.au=Lichtenstein%2C+AH&rft.aulast=Lichtenstein&rft.aufirst=AH&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Women%27s+Health&rft.issn=10597115&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pathogenic microorganisms associated with the southern pine coneworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) attacking loblolly pine AN - 18770718; 5636479 AB - Larvae of the Southern pine coneworm, Dioryctria amatella (Hulst) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), were collected monthly during the growing seasons of 1996 and 1997 from loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., seed orchards in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, and Virginia, and examined for pathogenic microorganisms. One fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill, a granulosis virus (Baculoviridae: Eubaculovirinae), and a protozoan (phylum Microspora) were found. Five larvae from three localities were infected with B. bassiana, 37 larvae from six localities were infected with the granulosis virus, and 69 larvae from 5 locations were infected with the microsporidian. Laboratory trials confirmed that B. bassiana and the granulosis virus caused coneworm mortality. B. bassiana isolates from all three locations were equally virulent to late instar larvae. Spores of the unidentified microsporidian are free, elongate oval, binucleate and contain 13-14 turns of an isofilar polar filament. The primary sites of infection were the Malpighian tubules and the silk glands. The microsporidian was found in 2 to 51% of larvae sampled. It caused 100% mortality in early instar larvae allowed to feed on artificial diet contaminated with 3 x 10 super(3) or 4.5 x 10 super(3) spores. More work is needed to determine the importance of these pathogens in regulating populations of southern pine coneworms or their potential utility in an IPM program. JF - Florida Entomologist AU - Mihelcic, N AU - Hanula, J L AU - Debarr, G L AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 320 Green St. Athens, GA 30602-2044, USA, jhanula@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - Mar 2003 SP - 1 EP - 7 VL - 86 IS - 1 SN - 0015-4040, 0015-4040 KW - Lepidoptera KW - Loblolly pine KW - Pyralid moths KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18770718?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Florida+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Pathogenic+microorganisms+associated+with+the+southern+pine+coneworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Pyralidae%29+attacking+loblolly+pine&rft.au=Mihelcic%2C+N%3BHanula%2C+J+L%3BDebarr%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Mihelcic&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Florida+Entomologist&rft.issn=00154040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Host fishes and infection strategies of freshwater mussels in large Mobile Basin streams, USA AN - 18738137; 5617328 AB - We investigated host fishes, timing and modes of glochidial release, and host-attraction strategies for 7 species of freshwater mussels from the Buttahatchee and Sipsey rivers (Mobile Basin), Alabama and Mississippi, USA. We determined hosts as fish species that produced juvenile mussels from laboratory-induced glochidial infections. We established the following primary mussel/host relationships: Elliptio arca with Etheostoma artesiae and Percina nigrofasciata; Fusconaia cerina with 6 species of minnows (Cyprinidae); Lampsilis ornata with Micropterus salmoides; Medionidus acutissimus with 8 species of darters (Percidae); Obovaria unicolor with Ammocrypta beani, A. meridiana, and Etheostoma artesiae; Pleurobema decisum with Cyprinella venusta; and Quadrula asperata with Ictalurus punctatus. For most mussel species, host use was similar to that of closely related species, indicating that, in general, this trait is highly conserved at the generic level. Four mussel species used host-attraction strategies that targeted their specific host fish. Fusconaia cerina and P. decisum released glochidia in conglutinates that elicited feeding responses from fishes in the field and in the laboratory. Gravid female Lampsilis ornata and M. acutissimus displayed mantle lures. Host-attraction strategies were less apparent for E. arca and Q. asperata, but these species released glochidia in association with copious mucous secretions, which may serve to entangle fishes, facilitating host infection. No host-attraction strategy was apparent for O. unicolor. JF - Journal of the North American Benthological Society AU - Haag, W R AU - Warren, ML Jr AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Center for Bottomland Hardwoods Research, 1000 Front Street, Oxford, MS 38655, USA, whaag@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - Mar 2003 SP - 78 EP - 91 VL - 22 IS - 1 SN - 0887-3593, 0887-3593 KW - Alabama orb KW - Alabama spike KW - Blacktail shiner KW - Carps KW - Channel catfish KW - Graceful catfish KW - Minnows KW - Mollusks KW - Southern pigtoe KW - Southern pocketbook KW - True perches KW - glochidia KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Specificity KW - Molluscan larvae KW - Etheostoma artesiae KW - Hosts KW - Freshwater KW - USA, Mississippi, Buttahatchee R. KW - Infection KW - Streams KW - USA, Alabama, Sipsey R. KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - Percidae KW - USA, Alabama KW - Parasite attachment KW - Cyprinidae KW - Fusconaia cerina KW - Mollusca KW - Ecological associations KW - Elliptio arca KW - Cyprinella venusta KW - Host preferences KW - Quadrula asperata KW - Lampsilis ornata KW - Freshwater molluscs KW - USA, Mississippi KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - D 04658:Molluscs KW - Q1 08341:General KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - Q1 08264:Reproduction and development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18738137?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+North+American+Benthological+Society&rft.atitle=Host+fishes+and+infection+strategies+of+freshwater+mussels+in+large+Mobile+Basin+streams%2C+USA&rft.au=Haag%2C+W+R%3BWarren%2C+ML+Jr&rft.aulast=Haag&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=78&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+North+American+Benthological+Society&rft.issn=08873593&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Freshwater molluscs; Parasite attachment; Ecological associations; Specificity; Molluscan larvae; Hosts; Infection; Host preferences; Streams; Lampsilis ornata; Cyprinidae; Fusconaia cerina; Elliptio arca; Cyprinella venusta; Mollusca; Etheostoma artesiae; Quadrula asperata; Ictalurus punctatus; Percidae; USA, Alabama; USA, Mississippi; USA, Mississippi, Buttahatchee R.; USA, Alabama, Sipsey R.; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of a parasite mite on life-history variation in two grasshopper species AN - 18734772; 5611007 AB - Parasites often have large effects on the life-history patterns of their hosts. There is a need to examine how observed life-history patterns of parasitized organisms under field conditions fit theoretical predictions. I conducted a field experiment to examine the effects of an ectoparasitic grasshopper mite on survival and reproductive allocation in two grasshoppers with different life-history characteristics, Melanoplus sanguinipes and Ageneotettix deorum. Proportional survival was lower in mite-parasitized A. deorum during the period of mite parasitism, but not in M. sanguinipes. As predicted in response to a short-lived parasite, females in both species had reduced initial and total reproduction. Egg production declined by 39-44% with mite parasitism in the two species of grasshoppers studied. Parasitized females of both species completed development of a lower percentage of ovarioles initiating development. Future reproduction of A. deorum females was unaffected by parasitism. However, future reproduction of parasitized M. sanguinipes remained lower at the end of the experiment, indicating parasitism had an effect on reproduction up to 40 days after mite parasites left M. sanguinipes females. There were no interactions between population density and mite parasitism on reproductive allocation or survival in M. sanguinipes. Parasitized females of both species appeared to differentially allocate resources in response to parasitism. The reduced reproduction in parasitized individuals probably resulted from the inability of grasshoppers to increase resource intake to compensate for the direct or indirect costs of parasitism. JF - Evolutionary Ecology Research AU - Branson, D H AD - USDA-ARS, 1500 N. Central Avenue, Sidney, MT 59270, USA, dbranson@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - Mar 2003 SP - 397 EP - 409 VL - 5 IS - 3 SN - 1522-0613, 1522-0613 KW - Migratory grasshopper KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04660:Arachnids KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18734772?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Evolutionary+Ecology+Research&rft.atitle=Effects+of+a+parasite+mite+on+life-history+variation+in+two+grasshopper+species&rft.au=Branson%2C+D+H&rft.aulast=Branson&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=397&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Evolutionary+Ecology+Research&rft.issn=15220613&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Laboratory, greenhouse, and field assessment of fourteen fungicides for activity against Claviceps africana, causal agent of sorghum ergot AN - 18729050; 5605942 AB - Commercial formulations of 14 fungicides representing seven chemical classes were assessed in vitro and in vivo for activity against Claviceps africana, causal agent of sorghum ergot. All fungicides markedly reduced spore germination in vitro on water agar, with effective concentration (EC) sub(50) values (based on active ingredient) that ranged from 0.01 mu g ml super(-1) for thiophanatemethyl and trifloxystrobin to 1.18 mu g ml super(-1) for cyprodinil. In vivo assays included applications of fungicide on full bloom panicles of a male-sterile line, ATx623, and then inoculating panicles with a conidial suspension immediately after the fungicide had dried. In greenhouse trials and in the 2000 field evaluation, a single application of propiconazole, tebuconazole, triadimefon, myclobutanil, or azoxystrobin at a rate of 25 mu g ml super(-1) markedly suppressed ergot severity on ATx623. In the 2001 field evaluation, tebuconazole applied at 25 mu g ml super(-1) was most effective in reducing levels of ergot severity. Ergot control was greater when fungicides were applied at 25 mu g ml super(-1) than at 5 mu g ml super(-1). Generally, triazole and strobilurin classes of fungicide were more effective in controlling ergot than benzimidazole, anilinopyrimidine, ethylenebisdithiocarbamate (EBDC), pyridinamine, and organometallic classes. At the two fungicide rates used in this study, ergot severity increased between 7 and 10 days after inoculation. Results showed that in vitro fungicide screening by measuring spore germination inhibition was not a good predictor of performance in the field. Results from the field trials suggest that control, particularly under ergot-favorable environments, may require higher rates than used in this study. JF - Plant Disease AU - Prom, L K AU - Isakeit, T AD - USDA-ARS, Southern Plains Agriculture Research Center, College Station, TX 77845, USA, lprom@cgru.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - Mar 2003 SP - 252 EP - 258 VL - 87 IS - 3 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - propiconazole KW - tebuconazole KW - thiophanate KW - triadimefon KW - trifloxystrobin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - A 01031:Antifungal & fungicidal agents KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18729050?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Laboratory%2C+greenhouse%2C+and+field+assessment+of+fourteen+fungicides+for+activity+against+Claviceps+africana%2C+causal+agent+of+sorghum+ergot&rft.au=Prom%2C+L+K%3BIsakeit%2C+T&rft.aulast=Prom&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=252&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Control of postharvest decay of apple fruit with Candida saitoana and induction of defense responses AN - 18720989; 5605957 AB - The ability of Candida saitoana to induce systemic resistance in apple fruit against Botrytis cinerea was investigated. To separate the antagonistic activity of C. saitoana from its ability to induce resistance, the antagonist and the pathogen were applied in spatially separated wounds. In fresh apples, C. saitoana applied 0 or 24 h before inoculation with B. cinerea showed no effect on lesion development caused by B. cinerea. When applied 48 to 72 h preinoculation with B. cinerea, however, C. saitoana reduced lesion diameter by more than 50 and 70%, respectively, compared with wounding. C. saitoana had no effect on lesion development on stored apples, regardless of the lag period between yeast treatment and inoculation with B. cinerea. In addition to inducing systemic resistance, C. saitoana increased chitinase and beta -1,3-glucanase activities with a higher accumulation in fresh than in stored apples. In fresh apples, the onset of systemic resistance to B. cinerea coincided with the increase in chitinase and beta -1,3-glucanase activity in systemically protected tissue. These studies show that C. saitoana is capable of inducing systemic resistance in apple fruit and indirectly suggest that antifungal hydrolases are involved in the observed systemic protection. JF - Phytopathology AU - El Ghaouth, A AU - Wilson, CL AU - Wisniewski, M AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 45 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA, mwisniew@afrs.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - Mar 2003 SP - 344 EP - 348 VL - 93 IS - 3 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18720989?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Control+of+postharvest+decay+of+apple+fruit+with+Candida+saitoana+and+induction+of+defense+responses&rft.au=El+Ghaouth%2C+A%3BWilson%2C+CL%3BWisniewski%2C+M&rft.aulast=El+Ghaouth&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=344&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characteristics of Phytophthora infestans Isolates from Uruguay AN - 18716659; 5603981 AB - Isolates of Phytophthora infestans were obtained from late blighted plants from several potato-growing regions of Uruguay in 1998 and 1999. Of these, 25 representative isolates (4 from 1998, 21 from 1999) from the main potato-growing areas of the country, were characterised in terms of mating type, metalaxyl resistance, allozyme genotype, mitochondrial haplotype, RG57 fingerprint (1999 isolates only) and pathotype. All isolates proved to be A2 mating type, monomorphic and homozygous at the loci coding for glucose-6-phosphate isomerase and peptidase (Gpi 100/100, Pep 100/100) and to possess mitochondrial haplotype IIa. Metalaxyl-resistant isolates constituted 92% of the total. All the 1999 isolates possessed the same RG57 fingerprint, which was that previously reported as associated with the clonal lineage BR-1 from Brazil and Bolivia, which is also A2, Gpi 100/100, Pep 100 /100. Most of the isolates displayed broad-spectrum virulence and five carried virulence to 10 of the 11 R genes tested despite the absence of R genes in commercially grown potato cultivars. It was concluded that the Uruguayan P. infestans isolates resembled isolates from neighbouring South American countries, notably Brazil, and belong to the new populations of the pathogen now predominant in many countries. JF - European Journal of Plant Pathology AU - Deahl, K AU - Pagani, M AU - Vilaro, F AU - Perez, F AU - Moravec, B AU - Cooke, L AD - USDA, ARS, PSI, Vegetable Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, deahlk@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - Mar 2003 SP - 277 EP - 281 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 109 IS - 3 SN - 0929-1873, 0929-1873 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01028:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18716659?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrological+Processes&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+climate+change+impacts+on+Alpine+discharge+regimes+with+climate+model+uncertainty&rft.au=Horton%2C+Pascal%3BSchaefli%2C+Bettina%3BMezghani%2C+Abdelkader%3BHingray%2C+Benoit%3BMusy%2C+Andre&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=Pascal&rft.date=2006-06-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2091&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrological+Processes&rft.issn=08856087&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fhyp.6197 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection and quantification of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in environmental samples by real-time PCR AN - 18695276; 5583041 AB - To apply the real-time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to detect and quantify Escherichia coli O157:H7 in soil, manure, faeces and dairy waste washwater. Soil samples were spiked with E. coli O157:H7 and subjected to a single enrichment step prior to multiplex PCR. Other environmental samples suspected of harbouring E.coli O157:H7 were also analysed. The sensitivity of the primers was confirmed with DNA from E.coli O157:H7 strain 3081 spiked into soil by multiplex PCR assay. A linear relationship was measured between the fluorescence threshold cycle (C sub(T)) value and colony counts (CFU ml super(-1)) in spiked soil and other environmental samples. The detection limit for E.coli O157:H7 in the real-time PCR assay was 3.5 x 10 super(3) CFU ml super(-1) in pure culture and 2.6 x 10 super(4) CFU g super(-1) in the environmental samples. Use of a 16-h enrichment step for spiked samples enabled detection of <10 CFU g super(-1) soil. E. coli colony counts as determined by the real-time PCR assay, were in the range of 2.0 x 10 super(2) to 6.0 x 10 super(5) CFU PCR super(-1) in manure, faeces and waste washwater. The real-time PCR-based assay enabled sensitive and rapid quantification of E. coli O157:H7 in soil and other environmental samples. The ability to quantitatively determine cell counts of E.coli O157:H7 in large numbers of environmental samples, represents considerable advancement in the area of pathogen quantification for risk assessment and transport studies. JF - Journal of Applied Microbiology AU - Ibekwe, A AU - Grieve, C AD - USDA-ARS-George E. Brown Jr Salinity Laboratory, 450 W. Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA, USA, aibekwe@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - Mar 2003 SP - 421 EP - 431 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 94 IS - 3 SN - 1364-5072, 1364-5072 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18695276?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Detection+and+quantification+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+in+environmental+samples+by+real-time+PCR&rft.au=Ibekwe%2C+A%3BGrieve%2C+C&rft.aulast=Ibekwe&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=421&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=13645072&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2672.2003.01848.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.01848.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - PRIMER NOTE: Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in wheat stem sawfly Cephus cinctus and cross-species amplification in related species AN - 18694317; 5583141 AB - The wheat stem sawfly is an important insect pest of wheat that can cause significant damage to yield and grain quality. Five microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized in wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus, to facilitate future population genetic studies and help delineate their geographical origin. These loci were found to be polymorphic with an expected heterozygosity ranging from 0.304 to 0.937 and an observed heterozygosity ranging from 0.05 to 0.65. Successful cross-species amplification demonstrates the potential for these markers to provide a valuable tool for future population studies among related Cephus species. JF - Molecular Ecology Notes AU - Hartel, K D AU - Frederick, BA AU - Shanower, T G AD - USDA-ARS, Northern Plains Agricultural Research Laboratory, Sidney, MT USA, Kirk.Hartel@ndsu.nodak.edu Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - Mar 2003 SP - 85 EP - 87 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 3 IS - 1 SN - 1471-8278, 1471-8278 KW - Hymenoptera KW - Stem sawflies KW - Wheat stem sawfly KW - Ecology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05219:Population genetics KW - G 07366:Insects/arachnids KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18694317?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Ecology+Notes&rft.atitle=PRIMER+NOTE%3A+Isolation+and+characterization+of+microsatellite+loci+in+wheat+stem+sawfly+Cephus+cinctus+and+cross-species+amplification+in+related+species&rft.au=Hartel%2C+K+D%3BFrederick%2C+BA%3BShanower%2C+T+G&rft.aulast=Hartel&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Ecology+Notes&rft.issn=14718278&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1471-8286.2003.00359.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-8286.2003.00359.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of Salmonella by indicator agar media and PCR as affected by alfalfa seed homogenates and native bacteria AN - 18694166; 5582741 AB - To investigate and prevent the undesirable effect of native bacteria and alfalfa seed homogenates on detection of Salmonella in alfalfa seeds by indicator agar media and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The relative sensitivity of five indicator agar media, including modified semisolid RV (MSRV), xylose-lysine-Tergitol 4 (XLT4), Hektoen enteric agar (HEA), brilliant green agar (BGA) and bismuth sulphite agar (BSA), for detection of Salmonella in the presence of a large number of native bacteria from alfalfa seeds was examined. The detection limit as measured by the ratio between the numbers of native bacteria and Salmonella was estimated to be 10 super(6) to 1 for MSRV and 10 super(3) to 1 for XLT4, HEA, BGA or BSA. Presence of alfalfa seed homogenates markedly reduced the sensitivity of Salmonella detection by PCR. The minimal number of Salmonella detectable by PCR was determined to be 1-10 and 100-1000 CFU in the absence and presence of seed homogenate, respectively. Application of anti-Salmonella immunomagnetic beads permitted detection of 2-5 CFU of heat-injured cells in 25 g of seeds within 24 h by PCR. The MSRV medium is more sensitive than other indicator agars for detecting a small number of motile Salmonella in samples containing a large number of native bacteria. Application of immunomagnetic beads eliminates the PCR-inhibitory activity of seed homogenates and improves the detection of Salmonella in inoculated seeds. The results generated from this study will aid the seed distributors, sprout growers and public health officials to identify and recall the Salmonella-contaminated seed lots to be used for sprout production. JF - Letters in Applied Microbiology AU - Liao, C AU - Shollenberger, L AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, PA, USA, cliao@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - Mar 2003 SP - 152 EP - 156 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 36 IS - 3 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18694166?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Detection+of+Salmonella+by+indicator+agar+media+and+PCR+as+affected+by+alfalfa+seed+homogenates+and+native+bacteria&rft.au=Liao%2C+C%3BShollenberger%2C+L&rft.aulast=Liao&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=152&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1472-765X.2003.01284.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-765X.2003.01284.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - PRIMER NOTE: Sequence variation of intergenic mitochondrial DNA spacers (mtDNA-IGS) of Phytophthora infestans (Oomycetes) and related species AN - 18691410; 5583108 AB - The potato late-blight disease is caused by the pseudofungus Phytophthora infestans (Oomycetes). This pathogen was of historical importance as it caused the Irish Potato Famine. There is currently a worldwide resurgence of the disease. Following worldwide migrations as well as being able to discriminate P. infestans from related species are key issues. We present sequence variation of five inter-genic mitochondrial DNA spacers (mtDNA-IGS) for P. infestans and four related taxa. Intra and inter-taxon variation was observed showing potential for both molecular ecology and molecular systematic. JF - Molecular Ecology Notes AU - Wattier, R A AU - Gathercole, L L AU - Assinder, S J AU - Gliddon, C J AU - Deahl, K L AU - Shaw, D S AU - Mills, DI AD - School of Biological Sciences, University of Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-2902, USA, Vegetable Laboratory, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA, Remi_wattier@hotmail.com Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - Mar 2003 SP - 136 EP - 138 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 3 IS - 1 SN - 1471-8278, 1471-8278 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01028:Others KW - G 07330:Fungal genetics KW - D 04623:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18691410?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Ecology+Notes&rft.atitle=PRIMER+NOTE%3A+Sequence+variation+of+intergenic+mitochondrial+DNA+spacers+%28mtDNA-IGS%29+of+Phytophthora+infestans+%28Oomycetes%29+and+related+species&rft.au=Wattier%2C+R+A%3BGathercole%2C+L+L%3BAssinder%2C+S+J%3BGliddon%2C+C+J%3BDeahl%2C+K+L%3BShaw%2C+D+S%3BMills%2C+DI&rft.aulast=Wattier&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=136&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Ecology+Notes&rft.issn=14718278&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1471-8286.2003.00378.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-8286.2003.00378.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immune responses of elk to Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette Guerin vaccination AN - 18681932; 5578514 AB - Although rare, detection of Mycobacterium bovis infection of captive or free-ranging elk (Cervus elaphus) elicits serious concern due to regulatory and zoonotic implications. Few studies, however, have evaluated the immune response of elk to M. bovis or other pathogens. To model natural infection, elk were vaccinated with live M. bovis bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG, Pasteur strain) for evaluation of immune responsiveness to this attenuated live vaccine. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of vaccinated elk proliferated in response to stimulation with a soluble mycobacterial antigen preparation (i.e. M. bovis purified protein derivative, PPDb). Greater numbers of sIgM super(+) cells (i.e. B cells) proliferated in this response than did either CD4 super(+), gamma delta TCR super(+) or CD8 super(+) cells. The in vivo response (i.e. delayed type hypersensitivity, DTH) to PPDb by vaccinated elk exceeded both the response by non-vaccinated elk and BCG-vaccinated cattle at 24, 48, and 72 h post-administration of PPD. In vivo responses to PPDb by vaccinated elk diminished after 72 h as compared to responses at 24 and 48 h. Serum was also collected periodically and evaluated by ELISA for immunoglobulin (i.e. IgG heavy and light chains) reactivity to crude mycobacterial antigens. Two weeks post- vaccination and throughout the duration of the study, serum immunoglobulin reactivity to PPDb and to a proteinase K-digested whole cell sonicate of BCG exceeded that of serum from non-vaccinated elk. Intradermal administration of PPD for measurement of hypersensitive responses boosted the serum antibody response. These findings demonstrate that BCG vaccination of elk induces a serum antibody response to crude M. bovis antigens, a B cell in vitro proliferative response, and in vivo trafficking of mononuclear cells to sites of mycobacterial antigen administration (i.e. delayed type hypersensitivity). A predominant B cell in vitro proliferative response by elk PBMC to crude mycobacterial test antigens will likely impact the development of improved diagnostic tests of tuberculosis infection for this species. JF - Vaccine AU - Waters, W R AU - Palmer, M V AU - Olsen, S C AU - Sacco, R E AU - Whipple, D L AD - Bacterial and Respiratory Diseases of Livestock Units, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, 2300 Dayton Avenue, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010-0070, USA, rwaters@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - Mar 2003 SP - 1518 EP - 1526 VL - 21 IS - 13-14 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - Red Deer KW - Wapiti KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18681932?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Immune+responses+of+elk+to+Mycobacterium+bovis+bacillus+Calmette+Guerin+vaccination&rft.au=Waters%2C+W+R%3BPalmer%2C+M+V%3BOlsen%2C+S+C%3BSacco%2C+R+E%3BWhipple%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Waters&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=13-14&rft.spage=1518&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0264-410X%2802%2900678-3 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00678-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Generalized Richards' equation to simulate water transport in unsaturated soils AN - 18664339; 5562593 AB - Simulations of water transport in soil are ubiquitous, and the Richards' equation introduced in 1931 is the main tool for that purpose. For experiments on water transport in soil horizontal columns, Richards' equation predicts that volumetric water contents should depend solely on the ratio (distance)/(time)q where q=0.5. Substantial experimental evidence shows that value of q is significantly less than 0.5 in some cases. Donald Nielsen and colleagues in 1962 related values of q<0.5 to 'jerky movements' of the wetting front, i.e. occurrences of rare large movements. The physical model of such transport is the transport of particles being randomly trapped and having a power law distribution of waiting periods. The corresponding mathematical model is a generalized Richards' equation in which the derivative of water content on time is a fractional one with the order equal or less than one. We solved this equation numerically and fitted the solution to data on horizontal water transport. The classical Richards' equation predicted a decrease of the soil water diffusivity for the same water content as infiltration progressed whereas the generalized Richards' equation described all observations well with a single diffusivity function. Validity of the generalized Richards' equation indicates presence of memory effects in soil water transport phenomena and may help to explain scale-dependence and variability in soil hydraulic conductivity encountered by researchers who applied classical Richards' equation. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Pachepsky, Y AU - Timlin, D AU - Rawls, W AD - Animal Waste Pathogen Laboratory, USDA-ARS-BA-ANRI-AWPL, Beltsville, MD, USA, ypachepsky@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - Mar 2003 SP - 3 EP - 13 VL - 272 IS - 1-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Soil water transport KW - Scaling KW - Fractional derivative KW - Horizontal infiltration KW - Soil moisture movement models KW - Hydraulic conductivity KW - Soil Water Movement KW - Experimental Data KW - Hydraulics KW - Aeration Zone KW - Mathematical Models KW - Mathematical models KW - Mathematical Equations KW - Soil/water systems KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Model Studies KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Mathematical Studies KW - Soil moisture movement KW - Aeration (see also Oxygenation, Re-oxygenation) KW - Infiltration KW - Hydraulic Properties KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes KW - M2 551.579.5:Soil moisture, percolation (551.579.5) KW - M2 556.072:Models, analogies, etc. (556.072) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18664339?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Generalized+Richards%27+equation+to+simulate+water+transport+in+unsaturated+soils&rft.au=Pachepsky%2C+Y%3BTimlin%2C+D%3BRawls%2C+W&rft.aulast=Pachepsky&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=272&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0022-1694%2802%2900251-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hydraulic conductivity; Soil moisture movement models; Mathematical models; Soil moisture movement; Infiltration; Hydraulics; Aeration (see also Oxygenation, Re-oxygenation); Soil/water systems; Modelling (-general-); Mathematical analysis; Experimental Data; Soil Water Movement; Aeration Zone; Mathematical Studies; Mathematical Models; Mathematical Equations; Hydraulic Properties; Model Studies DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00251-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Review and comparison of models for describing non-equilibrium and preferential flow and transport in the vadose zone AN - 18663068; 5562594 AB - In this paper, we review various approaches for modeling preferential and non-equilibrium flow and transport in the vadose zone. Existing approaches differ in terms of their underlying assumptions and complexity. They range from relatively simplistic models to more complex physically based dual-porosity, dual-permeability, and multi-region type models. A relatively simple dual- porosity flow model results when the Richards equation is combined with composite (double-hump type) equations for the hydraulic properties to account for both soil textural (matrix) and soil structural (fractures, macropores, peds) effects on flow. The simplest non-equilibrium flow model, a single- porosity model which distinguishes between actual and equilibrium water contents, is based on a formulation by Ross and Smettem [Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 64 (2000) 1926] that requires only one additional parameter to account for non- equilibrium. A more complex dual-porosity, mobile-immobile water flow model results when the Richards or kinematic wave equations are used for flow in the fractures, and immobile water is assumed to exist in the matrix. We also discuss various dual-permeability models, including the formulation of Gerke and Van Genuchten [Water Resour. Res. 29 (1993a) 305] and the kinematic wave approach as used in the MACRO model of Jarvis [Technical Description and Sample Simulations, Department of Soil Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Uppsala, Sweden (1994) 51]. Both of these models invoke terms accounting for the exchange of water and solutes between the matrix and the fractures. Advantages and disadvantages of the different models are discussed, and the need for inter-code comparison is stressed, especially against field data that are sufficiently comprehensive to allow calibration/validation of the more complex models and to distinguish between alternative modeling concepts. Several examples and comparisons of equilibrium and various non-equilibrium flow and transport models are also provided. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Simunek, J AU - Jarvis, N J AU - Van Genuchten, MT AU - Gaerdenaes, A AD - George E. Brown Jr. Salinity Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 450 West Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92507, USA, jsimunek@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - Mar 2003 SP - 14 EP - 35 VL - 272 IS - 1-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Preferential flow KW - Non-equilibrium flow KW - Vadose zone KW - Dual-porosity models KW - Dual-permeability models KW - Solute transport KW - Pedon scale KW - Soil permeability KW - Soil moisture movement models KW - Hydraulics KW - Model Testing KW - Solutes KW - Comparative studies KW - Soil porosity KW - Soil (Characteristics of) KW - Soil Properties KW - Hydraulic Properties KW - Soil Water Movement KW - Mathematical models KW - Soil/water systems KW - Porosity KW - Vadose waters KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Model Studies KW - Solute Transport KW - Comparison Studies KW - Soil moisture movement KW - Reviews KW - Preferential Flow KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes KW - M2 551.579.5:Soil moisture, percolation (551.579.5) KW - M2 556.072:Models, analogies, etc. (556.072) KW - M2 556.322:Zone of aeration. Suspended water. Vadose water (556.322) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18663068?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Review+and+comparison+of+models+for+describing+non-equilibrium+and+preferential+flow+and+transport+in+the+vadose+zone&rft.au=Simunek%2C+J%3BJarvis%2C+N+J%3BVan+Genuchten%2C+MT%3BGaerdenaes%2C+A&rft.aulast=Simunek&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=272&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=14&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0022-1694%2802%2900252-4 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil moisture movement models; Soil permeability; Soil porosity; Mathematical models; Soil moisture movement; Vadose waters; Comparative studies; Hydraulics; Solutes; Soil (Characteristics of); Reviews; Porosity; Soil/water systems; Modelling (-general-); Soil Water Movement; Comparison Studies; Solute Transport; Model Testing; Soil Properties; Preferential Flow; Hydraulic Properties; Model Studies DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00252-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of limited soil property data and modeling to estimate root zone soil water content AN - 18661831; 5562602 AB - Estimation of soil water content in the root zone with time in different parts of a watershed is important for both strategic and tactical management of water resources, as well as of agricultural production, water quality, and soil resources. This estimation requires detailed knowledge of rainfall intensities and meteorological variables over space and time, as well as the physical and hydraulic properties of the soil horizons and plant growth information. However, all this detailed spatial information is extremely expensive and time consuming to obtain. New technologies are helping to increase the spatial sampling of rainfall and other meteorological variables, but spatially detailed measurement of soil properties is still not practical. The best we can obtain from the existing soil survey database is the spatial distribution of soil textural class. We investigated the use of a hierarchy of limited soil input data, ranging from soil textural class of soil horizons alone, to measured soil texture and bulk densities of horizons, additional lab or field measurement of- 33 kPa soil water content, to additional field measurement of average saturated hydraulic conductivity. These five modeling scenarios, along with meteorological and plant information, were input to the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) to estimate 0-60 cm soil water content over a 30-day period in 1997 at the Little Washita River Experimental Watershed in Oklahoma. The estimated water contents were compared with time-domain reflectometry (TDR) profile measurements and gravimetric samplings of soil surface moisture. In addition to the five scenarios using limited input data, a more detailed set of data based on laboratory measured soil water retention curves and field measured saturated conductivity was supplied to the model for all Brooks-Corey function parameters (full description mode). Estimates of root zone soil water content using detailed input were compared to estimates obtained using minimum input data. Adjustments in specific hydraulic parameters were also made in an effort to calibrate the model to the soils in this region. Overall, reasonable agreement was found between TDR-measured and RZWQM-predicted average water contents for 0- 60 cm depths. Surprisingly, the smallest errors in the predicted water contents were achieved using either the textural class only or the hydraulic properties determined in situ, with root mean square errors ranging from 0.012 to 0.018 m m super(-3). Hence, the model provided adequate estimates of average profile soil water content based on textural class-name only which was considered the most limited input data condition. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Starks, P J AU - Heathman, G C AU - Ahuja, L R AU - Ma, L AD - USDA-ARS-Grazinglands Research Laboratory, 7207 W. Cheyenne Street, El Reno, OK 73036, USA, heathman@grl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - Mar 2003 SP - 131 EP - 147 VL - 272 IS - 1-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - USA, Oklahoma, Little Washita R. KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Soil moisture profile KW - Soil water modeling KW - Soil properties KW - Hydraulics KW - Soil Texture KW - Soil/water systems KW - Roots KW - Soil Water KW - Model Testing KW - Data collections KW - Spatial Distribution KW - Model Studies KW - Time dependent KW - Comparative studies KW - Root Zone KW - Comparison Studies KW - Soil (Characteristics of) KW - Distribution (Mathematical) KW - Soil Properties KW - Temporal Distribution KW - Data Collections KW - Hydraulic Properties KW - Soil horizons KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18661831?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Use+of+limited+soil+property+data+and+modeling+to+estimate+root+zone+soil+water+content&rft.au=Starks%2C+P+J%3BHeathman%2C+G+C%3BAhuja%2C+L+R%3BMa%2C+L&rft.aulast=Starks&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=272&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0022-1694%2802%2900260-3 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Time dependent; Comparative studies; Hydraulics; Soil (Characteristics of); Distribution (Mathematical); Soil/water systems; Roots; Data collections; Soil horizons; Root Zone; Soil Texture; Comparison Studies; Model Testing; Soil Properties; Soil Water; Spatial Distribution; Hydraulic Properties; Data Collections; Model Studies; Temporal Distribution DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00260-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inheritance of Resistance in Strawberry to Bacterial Angular Leafspot Disease Caused by Xanthomonas fragariae AN - 17964146; 5919649 AB - Bacterial angular leafspot disease (Xanthomonas fragariae Kennedy and King) of strawberry (Fragaria species and F. ananassa Duch. cultivars) has become increasingly important to strawberry fruit and plant production. Strawberry cultivars and species vary in susceptibility to infection. However, little is known regarding epidemiology of the disease and resistance to infection. Two octoploid genotypes, a native F. virginiana (US 4808, tested as SG-89) and a F. virginiana (SG 26) F. ananassa ('Earliglow') hybrid (US 4809, tested as 80-4-38), previously were found to be highly resistant to two differentially pathogenic strains of X. fragariae representing two of four genotypic strain groups. Our objective was to determine the number of genes involved with resistance for these two strawberry genotypes, whether strawberry resistance is conferred by dominant or recessive alleles, and whether or not the heritability is high enough for breeders to reliably make selections of resistant individuals in breeding populations. About 120 F sub(1) seedlings from crosses of susceptible 'Sweet Charlie' with each of the two resistant genotypes were clonally propagated and challenged with each of four X. fragariae strains. These strains were selected to represent four genotypes of X. fragariae defined by repetitive element based PCR: ATCC 33239, Xf-3, Xf-6, and Xf-1425. Plants were quantitatively rated on a scale of 0 (resistant) to 5 (susceptible) in replicated evaluations. High estimates for broad sense heritability support the conversion of the quantitative disease scores to qualitative scores and the classification of genotypes as resistant or susceptible. The qualitative ratings were used to estimate the number of genes involved with resistance. Some segregation ratios fit a 7S:1R ratio, and others fit a 15S:1R ratio, indicating that three or four unlinked loci could explain the inheritance of resistance in these populations. The high estimates for broad sense heritability show that resistant progeny can be selected with confidence, though large populations will be needed to identify enough resistant progeny from which to select for other important traits. JF - Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science AU - Lewers, K S AU - Maas, J L AU - Hokanson, S C AU - Gouin, C AU - Hartung, J S Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - Mar 2003 SP - 209 EP - 212 PB - American Society for Horticultural Science VL - 128 IS - 2 SN - 0003-1062, 0003-1062 KW - Bacterial angular leafspot disease KW - Strawberry KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Classification KW - Ploidy KW - Progeny KW - Inheritance KW - Seedlings KW - Disease resistance KW - Genotypes KW - Xanthomonas fragariae KW - Loci KW - Susceptibility KW - Selection KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17964146?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Society+for+Horticultural+Science&rft.atitle=Inheritance+of+Resistance+in+Strawberry+to+Bacterial+Angular+Leafspot+Disease+Caused+by+Xanthomonas+fragariae&rft.au=Lewers%2C+K+S%3BMaas%2C+J+L%3BHokanson%2C+S+C%3BGouin%2C+C%3BHartung%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Lewers&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=128&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=209&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Society+for+Horticultural+Science&rft.issn=00031062&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Xanthomonas fragariae; Ploidy; Genotypes; Classification; Seedlings; Susceptibility; Loci; Disease resistance; Inheritance; Progeny; Selection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Starvation and the Mating Success of Wild Male Mediterranean Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) AN - 17940385; 5874372 AB - Recent evidence suggests that the nutritional state of male Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) (medfly), is an important influence on various components of their reproductive biology, including mating success. The objective of the present study was to examine experimentally the effect of temporary starvation on the mating success of wild male C. capitata. Males were maintained on protein-sugar or sugar-only diets, and for each diet we compared the mating success of continuously fed males versus males starved for 18 or 24 h immediately before testing. In trials conducted on field-caged, host trees, males starved for 24 h obtained only about half as many matings as fed males for both diets. However, when the starvation period was 18 h, starved males reared on the protein-sugar diet mated significantly less frequently than fed males, whereas starved males reared on sugar mated as often as fed males. Measurements of male pheromone calling and female attraction revealed that reduced mating success likely reflected the decreased signaling activity of starved males. JF - Journal of Insect Behavior AU - Shelly, TE AU - Kennelly, S S AD - USDA-APHIS, Waimanalo, Hawaii 96795. Hawaiian Evolutionary Biology Program, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA, todd.e.shelly@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - Mar 2003 SP - 171 EP - 179 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0892-7553, 0892-7553 KW - Fruit flies KW - Mediterranean fruit fly KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - Starvation KW - Ceratitis capitata KW - Nutrition KW - Tephritidae KW - Breeding success KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25423:Insects KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17940385?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.genre=dissertations+%26+theses&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Glotter%2C+Michael+Jacobson&rft.aulast=Glotter&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2015-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=9781339097817&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Climate+change%2C+climate+extremes%2C+and+impacts+on+agriculture&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ceratitis capitata; Tephritidae; Starvation; Breeding success; Nutrition DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1023926717088 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improved satellite snow mapping, snowmelt runoff forecasting, and climate change simulations in the upper Rio Grande Basin AN - 16157843; 5652680 AB - The knowledge of snow water resources is a major concern in high elevation basins, where snowmelt streamflow can be a significant contribution to the total discharge. This information is especially useful for irrigation, hydropower and water supply management. In this paper we present a system for snow water resources evaluation, based on satellite data, that generates three products; snow cover distribution with altitude, snowmelt runoff forecasts, and simulations of the expected future snowmelt seasons using the climate change scenarios indicated by international agencies. The new generation of satellites is providing scenes of the earth with increasing quality, more spectral bands, and better spatial resolution. To take advantage of these improvements, it has been necessary to solve new problems associated with the design of the new instruments, such as the so-called Bowtie Effect of the MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) instrument. The system developed is being currently applied to the Upper Rio Grande basin in the Colorado Rocky Mountains and to several basins in the Spanish Pyrenees. As an example, a six month daily hydrograph was forecasted for the Upper Rio Grande at Del Norte, CO, for 2001 that was 14.4% different from the observed flow and had an R super(2)=0.768. Furthermore, hydrographs were produced under conditions of changing climate progressively through the 21st century. JF - World Resource Review AU - Rango, A AU - Gomez-Landesa, E AU - Bleiweiss, M AU - Havstad, K AU - Tanksley, K AD - USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, 2995 Knox St., Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - Mar 2003 SP - 25 EP - 41 VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 1042-8011, 1042-8011 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Hydrograph analysis KW - Snow melting KW - Melt waters KW - Instrumentation KW - Climatic changes KW - Snow cover distribution KW - Water resources KW - North America, Rio Grande R. KW - North America, Rocky Mts. KW - Hydrology KW - Hydrographs KW - Forecasting KW - MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer) KW - Mapping KW - Snow KW - Instruments KW - Snowmelt runoff forecasting KW - Irrigation KW - Snowmelt runoff KW - Maps and mapping KW - Simulation KW - Water equivalent of snow cover determination KW - Satellites KW - Satellite imagery KW - Snowmelt forecasting KW - USA, Colorado KW - Satellite data KW - Europe, Pyrenees Mts. KW - Satellite snow surveillance KW - Runoff KW - USA, Colorado, Upper Rio Grande KW - Climate change scenarios KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - M2 551.579:Hydrometeorology (551.579) KW - M2 551.578.46:Snow cover (including depth, temperature and density) KW - M2 551.581.1:Theoretical climatology. Climatic models. Solar climate (551.581.1) KW - M2 551.501.86:Use of satellite-borne instruments (551.501.86) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16157843?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Resource+Review&rft.atitle=Improved+satellite+snow+mapping%2C+snowmelt+runoff+forecasting%2C+and+climate+change+simulations+in+the+upper+Rio+Grande+Basin&rft.au=Rango%2C+A%3BGomez-Landesa%2C+E%3BBleiweiss%2C+M%3BHavstad%2C+K%3BTanksley%2C+K&rft.aulast=Rango&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=World+Resource+Review&rft.issn=10428011&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hydrograph analysis; Snow melting; Irrigation; Snowmelt runoff forecasting; Snowmelt runoff; Water resources; Snow cover distribution; Water equivalent of snow cover determination; Snowmelt forecasting; Satellite data; Satellite snow surveillance; MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer); Climate change scenarios; Snow; Instruments; Climatic changes; Hydrology; Simulation; Mapping; Satellites; Runoff; Instrumentation; Melt waters; Maps and mapping; Forecasting; Hydrographs; Satellite imagery; North America, Rocky Mts.; USA, Colorado; Europe, Pyrenees Mts.; North America, Rio Grande R.; USA, Colorado, Upper Rio Grande ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Yield and water use of broadleaf crops in a semiarid climate AN - 18916111; 5577852 AB - The predominate crops grown in the northern Great Plains of the United States are cereal grains, which are well adapted to the region's semiarid climate and short growing season. However, rotations are changing because minimum- and no-till production systems improve precipitation-use-efficiency. Therefore, producers are seeking diversity in crop choices to improve the design of their rotations. Our objective with this study was to examine water relations and agronomic performance of seven broadleaf crops that may be suitable for a semiarid climate. Dry pea (Pisum sativum L.), dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) were the most favorable for this region considering crop yield and water-use-efficiency (WUE). Soybean (Glycine max L.), crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst), canola (Brassica rapa L.), and safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) were less successful. Water use for grain production ranged from 23 to 37cm among crops whereas water-use-efficiency varied three-fold. Soil water extraction patterns differed between sunflower and dry pea, with sunflower extracting more water as well as accessing water deeper in the soil profile. Integrating oilseed and legume crops with cereal grains in a cycle-of-four rotation will aid producers in managing diseases and weeds, as well as improve grain yield due to the rotation effect. JF - Agricultural Water Management AU - Anderson, R L AU - Tanaka, D L AU - Merrill, S D AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, P.O. Box 459, Mandan, ND, USA, tanakad@mandan.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/02/26/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Feb 26 SP - 255 EP - 266 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 58 IS - 3 SN - 0378-3774, 0378-3774 KW - USA, Great Plains KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Water Management KW - Crop yield estimation KW - Water Use Efficiency KW - Grain Crops KW - Water Use KW - Crop Yield KW - Semiarid Lands KW - Water use by grain crops KW - Crop water economy KW - Cultivated Lands KW - Semiarid zone agriculture KW - M2 556.18:Water Management (556.18) KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18916111?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.atitle=Yield+and+water+use+of+broadleaf+crops+in+a+semiarid+climate&rft.au=Anderson%2C+R+L%3BTanaka%2C+D+L%3BMerrill%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-02-26&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.issn=03783774&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-3774%2802%2900085-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Crop yield estimation; Water use by grain crops; Crop water economy; Semiarid zone agriculture; Agriculture; Water Management; Semiarid Lands; Water Use Efficiency; Cultivated Lands; Grain Crops; Crop Yield; Water Use DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3774(02)00085-9 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - New Zealand island in change: 21 years of landbird populations affected by succession, predator control, and weather AN - 39683099; 3736122 AU - Ralph, C J AU - Ralph, C P AU - Matsumoto, T Y1 - 2003/02/25/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Feb 25 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39683099?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=New+Zealand+island+in+change%3A+21+years+of+landbird+populations+affected+by+succession%2C+predator+control%2C+and+weather&rft.au=Ralph%2C+C+J%3BRalph%2C+C+P%3BMatsumoto%2C+T&rft.aulast=Ralph&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-02-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: NOAC 2002, c/o UNO Conference Services, Metropolitan College, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; fax: 504-280-2393; URL: www.tulane.edu/~naoc-02/index.html. Paper No. 193 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Impact of invasive species and their biological control AN - 39650935; 3725200 AU - Buxton, D Y1 - 2003/02/25/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Feb 25 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39650935?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Impact+of+invasive+species+and+their+biological+control&rft.au=Buxton%2C+D&rft.aulast=Buxton&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-02-25&rft.volume=219&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Palaeogeography%2C+Palaeoclimatology%2C+Palaeoecology&rft.issn=00310182&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.palaeo.2005.01.003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: IOBC International Symposium, AGROPOLIS, Avenue Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France; phone: 33 (0)4 67 04 75 30; fax: 33 (0)4 67 04 75 99; email: iobc.symp@agropolis.fr N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Development of whitefly resistant watermelon AN - 39648467; 3732516 AU - Simmons, A M AU - Levi, A Y1 - 2003/02/25/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Feb 25 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39648467?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Development+of+whitefly+resistant+watermelon&rft.au=Simmons%2C+A+M%3BLevi%2C+A&rft.aulast=Simmons&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-02-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: University of Florida/IFAS, c/o Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, 5007 60th Street East, Bradenton, FL 34203, USA; phone: 941-751-7636; fax: 941-751-7639 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Hermit thrushes disperse pondberry, an endangered plant species AN - 39647571; 3735905 AU - Hamel, P B AU - Smith, CG III AU - Devall, RMS AU - Schiff, N M Y1 - 2003/02/25/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Feb 25 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39647571?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Hermit+thrushes+disperse+pondberry%2C+an+endangered+plant+species&rft.au=Hamel%2C+P+B%3BSmith%2C+CG+III%3BDevall%2C+RMS%3BSchiff%2C+N+M&rft.aulast=Hamel&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-02-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: NOAC 2002, c/o UNO Conference Services, Metropolitan College, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; fax: 504-280-2393; URL: www.tulane.edu/~naoc-02/index.html. Poster Paper No. 468 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Composition of orange, yellow, and red-fleshed watermelons AN - 39647135; 3732296 AU - Perkins-Veazie, P AU - Maness, N AU - Roduner, R Y1 - 2003/02/25/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Feb 25 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39647135?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Composition+of+orange%2C+yellow%2C+and+red-fleshed+watermelons&rft.au=Perkins-Veazie%2C+P%3BManess%2C+N%3BRoduner%2C+R&rft.aulast=Perkins-Veazie&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-02-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: University of Florida/IFAS, c/o Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, 5007 60th Street East, Bradenton, FL 34203, USA; phone: 941-751-7636; fax: 941-751-7639 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Sample size adequacy for monitoring birds in California oak woodlands using point counts AN - 39645410; 3736058 AU - Purcell, K L AU - Mori AU - Chase, M K Y1 - 2003/02/25/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Feb 25 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39645410?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Sample+size+adequacy+for+monitoring+birds+in+California+oak+woodlands+using+point+counts&rft.au=Purcell%2C+K+L%3BMori%3BChase%2C+M+K&rft.aulast=Purcell&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-02-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: NOAC 2002, c/o UNO Conference Services, Metropolitan College, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; fax: 504-280-2393; URL: www.tulane.edu/~naoc-02/index.html. Paper No. 128 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Dynamic nature of sediment and organic constituents in TSS AN - 39636094; 3723906 AU - Riedel, M Y1 - 2003/02/25/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Feb 25 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39636094?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Dynamic+nature+of+sediment+and+organic+constituents+in+TSS&rft.au=Riedel%2C+M&rft.aulast=Riedel&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-02-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: National Water Quality Monitoring Council, c/o US Geological Survey; phone: 703-648-6872; URL: www.nwqmc.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Water quality monitoring at the watershed level in the Upper Grande Ronde River Basin AN - 39618065; 3723810 AU - Ballard, T Y1 - 2003/02/25/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Feb 25 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39618065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Water+quality+monitoring+at+the+watershed+level+in+the+Upper+Grande+Ronde+River+Basin&rft.au=Ballard%2C+T&rft.aulast=Ballard&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-02-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: National Water Quality Monitoring Council, c/o US Geological Survey; phone: 703-648-6872; URL: www.nwqmc.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Can fuels management help accomplish the goal of restoring historical fire regimes? AN - 39617332; 3732106 AU - McIver, J Y1 - 2003/02/25/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Feb 25 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39617332?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Can+fuels+management+help+accomplish+the+goal+of+restoring+historical+fire+regimes%3F&rft.au=McIver%2C+J&rft.aulast=McIver&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-02-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: The Wildlife Society, phone: 301-897-9770; fax: 301-530-2471; email: tws@wildlife.org; URL: www.tws-west.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Watermelon resistance to powdery mildew race 1 AN - 39613917; 3735313 AU - Davis, A R AU - Thomas, CE AU - Levi, A AU - Bruton, B D AU - Pair, S D Y1 - 2003/02/25/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Feb 25 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39613917?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Watermelon+resistance+to+powdery+mildew+race+1&rft.au=Davis%2C+A+R%3BThomas%2C+CE%3BLevi%2C+A%3BBruton%2C+B+D%3BPair%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-02-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: University of Florida/IFAS, c/o Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, 5007 60th Street East, Bradenton, FL 34203, USA; phone: 941-751-7636; fax: 941-751-7639 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Construction of a reference genetic linkage map for watermelon AN - 39613755; 3732328 AU - Levi, A AU - Thies, J AU - Simmons, A AU - Thomas, CE AU - Wehner, T AU - Joubeur, T AU - Zhang, X AU - Reddy, OUK AU - Davis, A AU - Hopkins, M Y1 - 2003/02/25/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Feb 25 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39613755?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Construction+of+a+reference+genetic+linkage+map+for+watermelon&rft.au=Levi%2C+A%3BThies%2C+J%3BSimmons%2C+A%3BThomas%2C+CE%3BWehner%2C+T%3BJoubeur%2C+T%3BZhang%2C+X%3BReddy%2C+OUK%3BDavis%2C+A%3BHopkins%2C+M&rft.aulast=Levi&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-02-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: University of Florida/IFAS, c/o Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, 5007 60th Street East, Bradenton, FL 34203, USA; phone: 941-751-7636; fax: 941-751-7639 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Assessing nitrogen contamination potential via remote sensing AN - 39605049; 3723875 AU - Beard, L Y1 - 2003/02/25/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Feb 25 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39605049?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Assessing+nitrogen+contamination+potential+via+remote+sensing&rft.au=Beard%2C+L&rft.aulast=Beard&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-02-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: National Water Quality Monitoring Council, c/o US Geological Survey; phone: 703-648-6872; URL: www.nwqmc.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - NASS's ortho-rectified cropland data layer AN - 39603091; 3723859 AU - Mueller, R Y1 - 2003/02/25/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Feb 25 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39603091?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=NASS%27s+ortho-rectified+cropland+data+layer&rft.au=Mueller%2C+R&rft.aulast=Mueller&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-02-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: National Water Quality Monitoring Council, c/o US Geological Survey; phone: 703-648-6872; URL: www.nwqmc.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Watermelon: Lycopene content changes with ripeness stage, germplasm and storage AN - 39571697; 3735312 AU - Perkins-Veazie, P AU - Collins, J K AU - Pair, S AU - Roberts, W Y1 - 2003/02/25/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Feb 25 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39571697?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Watermelon%3A+Lycopene+content+changes+with+ripeness+stage%2C+germplasm+and+storage&rft.au=Perkins-Veazie%2C+P%3BCollins%2C+J+K%3BPair%2C+S%3BRoberts%2C+W&rft.aulast=Perkins-Veazie&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-02-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: University of Florida/IFAS, c/o Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, 5007 60th Street East, Bradenton, FL 34203, USA; phone: 941-751-7636; fax: 941-751-7639 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Quantitative model of melon (Cucumis melo var. cantalupensis) plant development AN - 39567572; 3734473 AU - Russo, V M AU - Bruton, B D AU - Popham, T W Y1 - 2003/02/25/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Feb 25 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39567572?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Quantitative+model+of+melon+%28Cucumis+melo+var.+cantalupensis%29+plant+development&rft.au=Russo%2C+V+M%3BBruton%2C+B+D%3BPopham%2C+T+W&rft.aulast=Russo&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2003-02-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: University of Florida/IFAS, c/o Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, 5007 60th Street East, Bradenton, FL 34203, USA; phone: 941-751-7636; fax: 941-751-7639 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Assessment of the water quality impacts of farming systems by integrating databases and simulation models AN - 39555221; 3723883 AU - Hatfield, J Y1 - 2003/02/25/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Feb 25 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39555221?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+the+water+quality+impacts+of+farming+systems+by+integrating+databases+and+simulation+models&rft.au=Hatfield%2C+J&rft.aulast=Hatfield&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-02-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: National Water Quality Monitoring Council, c/o US Geological Survey; phone: 703-648-6872; URL: www.nwqmc.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Covariation between prey abundance and Northern Goshawk fecundity on the Kaibab Plateau, Arizona AN - 39554703; 3736179 AU - Salafsky Y1 - 2003/02/25/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Feb 25 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39554703?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Covariation+between+prey+abundance+and+Northern+Goshawk+fecundity+on+the+Kaibab+Plateau%2C+Arizona&rft.au=Salafsky&rft.aulast=Salafsky&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-02-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: NOAC 2002, c/o UNO Conference Services, Metropolitan College, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; fax: 504-280-2393; URL: www.tulane.edu/~naoc-02/index.html. Paper No. 236 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Struggling out of the bottleneck: Recovery of the Puerto Rican Parrot from 1973 to 2000 AN - 39552335; 3736187 AU - Wunderle, J M AU - Snyder, NFR AU - Beissinger AU - Meyers, J M Y1 - 2003/02/25/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Feb 25 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39552335?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Struggling+out+of+the+bottleneck%3A+Recovery+of+the+Puerto+Rican+Parrot+from+1973+to+2000&rft.au=Wunderle%2C+J+M%3BSnyder%2C+NFR%3BBeissinger%3BMeyers%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Wunderle&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-02-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: NOAC 2002, c/o UNO Conference Services, Metropolitan College, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; fax: 504-280-2393; URL: www.tulane.edu/~naoc-02/index.html. Paper No. 244 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Influence of recreational land use on bird community composition AN - 39551312; 3736541 AU - Leonard, B P AU - Leberg, P L AU - Jeske, C W Y1 - 2003/02/25/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Feb 25 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39551312?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Influence+of+recreational+land+use+on+bird+community+composition&rft.au=Leonard%2C+B+P%3BLeberg%2C+P+L%3BJeske%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=Leonard&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-02-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: NOAC 2002, c/o UNO Conference Services, Metropolitan College, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; fax: 504-280-2393; URL: www.tulane.edu/~naoc-02/index.html. Paper No. 401 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Abundance and diversity of birds over an elevational gradient in the Sierra Nevada AN - 39550815; 3736429 AU - Purcell, K L AU - Drynan, DA Y1 - 2003/02/25/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Feb 25 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39550815?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Abundance+and+diversity+of+birds+over+an+elevational+gradient+in+the+Sierra+Nevada&rft.au=Purcell%2C+K+L%3BDrynan%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Purcell&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-02-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: NOAC 2002, c/o UNO Conference Services, Metropolitan College, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; fax: 504-280-2393; URL: www.tulane.edu/~naoc-02/index.html. Poster Paper No. 733 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Manganese specificity determinants in the Arabidopsis metal/H+ antiporter CAX2. AN - 73020771; 12496310 AB - In plants and fungi, vacuolar transporters help remove potentially toxic cations from the cytosol. Metal/H(+) antiporters are involved in metal sequestration into the vacuole. However, the specific transport properties and the ability to manipulate these transporters to alter substrate specificity are poorly understood. The Arabidopsis thaliana cation exchangers, CAX1 and CAX2, can both transport Ca(2+) into the vacuole. There are 11 CAX-like transporters in Arabidopsis; however, CAX2 was the only characterized CAX transporter capable of vacuolar Mn(2+) transport when expressed in yeast. To determine the domains within CAX2 that mediate Mn(2+) specificity, six CAX2 mutants were constructed that contained different regions of the CAX1 transporter. One class displayed no alterations in Mn(2+) or Ca(2+) transport, the second class showed a reduction in Ca(2+) transport and no measurable Mn(2+) transport, and the third mutant, which contained a 10-amino acid domain from CAX1 (CAX2-C), showed no reduction in Ca(2+) transport and a complete loss of Mn(2+) transport. The subdomain analysis of CAX2-C identified a 3-amino acid region that is responsible for Mn(2+) specificity of CAX2. This study provides evidence for the feasibility of altering substrate specificity in a metal/H(+) antiporter, an important family of transporters found in a variety of organisms. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Shigaki, Toshiro AU - Pittman, Jon K AU - Hirschi, Kendal D AD - United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. Y1 - 2003/02/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Feb 21 SP - 6610 EP - 6617 VL - 278 IS - 8 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - Antiporters KW - 0 KW - Arabidopsis Proteins KW - Calcium-Binding Proteins KW - Cation Transport Proteins KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - calcium-hydrogen antiporters KW - Manganese KW - 42Z2K6ZL8P KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- chemistry KW - Calcium -- metabolism KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- metabolism KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Base Sequence KW - Sequence Alignment KW - Recombinant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Substrate Specificity KW - Recombinant Proteins -- chemistry KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Manganese -- metabolism KW - Antiporters -- metabolism KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Antiporters -- chemistry KW - Arabidopsis -- genetics KW - Arabidopsis -- metabolism KW - Arabidopsis Proteins -- genetics KW - Calcium-Binding Proteins -- genetics KW - Antiporters -- genetics KW - Calcium-Binding Proteins -- metabolism KW - Calcium-Binding Proteins -- chemistry KW - Arabidopsis Proteins -- metabolism KW - Arabidopsis Proteins -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73020771?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=Manganese+specificity+determinants+in+the+Arabidopsis+metal%2FH%2B+antiporter+CAX2.&rft.au=Shigaki%2C+Toshiro%3BPittman%2C+Jon+K%3BHirschi%2C+Kendal+D&rft.aulast=Shigaki&rft.aufirst=Toshiro&rft.date=2003-02-21&rft.volume=278&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=6610&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-22 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characteristics and decomposition rates of pruning residues from a shaded coffee system in Southeastern Brazil AN - 858422123; 13662823 AB - In the Zona da Mata Mineira of Southeastern Brazil the development of sustainable land requires the integration of crops with trees. The objectives of this study then were to (i) characterize prunings from the main tree species in an agroforestry system; (ii) determine the effects of the physical and chemical characteristics of the prunings on their decomposition patterns in the laboratory; (iii) assess the effect of mixing leaves of different species on decomposition rates; and (iv) propose a decomposition index for the residues studied. The study was carried out with pruning residues from Cajanus cajan, Solanum variable, Cassia ferruginea, Piptadenia gonoacantha, Croton urucurana, and Melinis multiflora. The materials were characterized for total C, N, P, Ca, Mg and K contents; lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose and soluble polyphenols contents. The pruning residues had high polyphenols and lignin contents, high C:N and C:P ratios, and low contents of Ca, Mg, and K. The low decomposition rates of the prunings were related to the P, K, hemicellulose and polyphenol contents. The rates of N mineralization from most of the residues indicate that there is a potential to supply the needs of a crop of maize. The residues of some species, if decomposed alone, would not supply sufficient nutrients, and need to be mixed with leaves of other species. JF - Agroforestry Systems AU - Mendonca, E S AU - Stott, DE AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-1196, USA, esm@mail.ufv.br Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 117 EP - 125 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 57 IS - 2 SN - 0167-4366, 0167-4366 KW - Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Cellulose KW - Crops KW - Decomposition KW - Mineralization KW - Physicochemical properties KW - Residues KW - Trees KW - agroforestry KW - coffee KW - Cassia KW - Solanum KW - Croton KW - Melinis KW - Zea mays KW - Cajanus cajan KW - ENA 06:Food & Drugs KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/858422123?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agroforestry+Systems&rft.atitle=Characteristics+and+decomposition+rates+of+pruning+residues+from+a+shaded+coffee+system+in+Southeastern+Brazil&rft.au=Mendonca%2C+E+S%3BStott%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Mendonca&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agroforestry+Systems&rft.issn=01674366&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1023900822261 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Residues; Trees; Cellulose; coffee; Physicochemical properties; Mineralization; Decomposition; Crops; agroforestry; Cassia; Zea mays; Solanum; Cajanus cajan; Croton; Melinis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1023900822261 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Corn-milling pretreatment with anhydrous ammonia AN - 807284382; 13857966 AB - Exposure to anhydrous ammonia has been suggested as a pretreatment for corn milling. Batches of corn were exposed to ammonia under controlled conditions. The amounts of ammonia absorbed and reacted with the corn were measured. The amounts were not more than are needed as nutritional supplement for yeast fermentation to ethanol. Loosening of the hull was observed qualitatively, and subsequent shearing in a disk mill followed by steeping for 2, 4, 6, or 8h showed that germ could be recovered at higher yield and after a shorter steeping time compared to untreated control batches. Quality of oil was not affected by treatment with ammonia. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Taylor, Frank AU - Craig, James C AU - Kurantz, MJ AU - Singh, Vijay AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, 19038, Wyndmoor, PA, ftaylor@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 141 EP - 148 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 104 IS - 2 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Oil KW - Fermentation KW - Ammonia KW - Dietary supplements KW - Controlled conditions KW - Ethanol KW - W 30940:Products UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/807284382?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Corn-milling+pretreatment+with+anhydrous+ammonia&rft.au=Taylor%2C+Frank%3BCraig%2C+James+C%3BKurantz%2C+MJ%3BSingh%2C+Vijay&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=141&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/10.1385%2FABAB%3A104%3A2%3A141 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-12-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oil; Fermentation; Dietary supplements; Ammonia; Controlled conditions; Ethanol DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/ABAB:104:2:141 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of Soil Colloids on the Migration of Atrazine and Zinc Through Large Soil Monoliths AN - 755134394; 13634471 AB - The role of soil colloids and their potential to co-transport agrochemicals in subsurface soil environments was evaluated in aleaching experiment utilizing large soil monoliths. The monolithswere created by hydraulically driving steel pipe sections (50 cm diameter 50 cm length) into Maury silt loam (fine, mixed, mesic Typic Paleudalf) and Loradale silt loam (fine, silty, mixed mesic Typic Argiudoll) soils. Water dispersible colloids fractionated from the Bt horizons of the above soilswere spiked with 3 mg L super(-1) atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamine-s-triazine) and 10 mg L super(-1) zinc (Zn), and after a twenty-four hour equilibration were applied into the monoliths at eight hour intervals using 500 mL pulse applications. Solutions containing atrazine and Znwithout added colloids were applied to separate monoliths from each soil to represent control treatments. Colloid, atrazine, andZn recoveries in the eluent varied greatly with respect to soiltype. Colloid recovery in the Loradale monoliths averaged 65.1 c 26.5%, with maxima approaching the input level, while in the Maury monoliths the average recovery was low (5.7 c 6.2%) and never exceeded 25% of the input level. Atrazine eluted from the two monoliths averaged 40.3 c 12.5% (Loradale) and 29.0 c 20.0% (Maury), with considerable enhancement in the presence of colloids, especially in the Loradale soil. In contrast, the elution of Zn averaged 3.0 c3.2%, in the Loradale monoliths and rarely exceeded control concentrations in the Maury monoliths, suggesting a stronger retardation of Zn over atrazine within the soil matrix, especially when colloid transport was deterred. Settling-rateexperiments at varying pH and electrical conductivity (EC) valuessuggested that the transport of Maury colloids may have been hindered due to flocculation within the monoliths, while the Loradale colloids remained stable throughout the leaching experiment. Although the presence of colloids enhanced atrazineelution in all monoliths, the actual amount of atrazine transported bound to either colloid type was minimal, suggestingmainly physical exclusion transport processes. In contrast, stronger chemisorption of Zn to colloid surfaces than the soil matrix appeared to enhance the transport of Zn by both colloids. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - Barton, C D AU - Karathanasis, AD AD - Center for Forested Wetlands Research, USDA Forest Service, c/o Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Aiken, South Carolina, U.S.A. Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 3 EP - 21 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 143 IS - 1-4 SN - 0049-6979, 0049-6979 KW - Environment Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Colloids KW - transport processes KW - Flocculation KW - Loam KW - Migration KW - Soil KW - Agricultural Chemicals KW - Soil Environment KW - Zinc KW - Steel KW - Transport processes KW - pH KW - Pipes KW - migration KW - Leaching KW - Silt KW - silt KW - Herbicides KW - Soil contamination KW - Water pollution KW - Air pollution KW - loam KW - Atrazine KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/755134394?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=Influence+of+Soil+Colloids+on+the+Migration+of+Atrazine+and+Zinc+Through+Large+Soil+Monoliths&rft.au=Barton%2C+C+D%3BKarathanasis%2C+AD&rft.aulast=Barton&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=143&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1022886225564 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Air pollution; Leaching; Colloids; Zinc; Silt; Herbicides; Transport processes; Flocculation; Water pollution; migration; Pipes; transport processes; silt; Soil contamination; Soil; loam; Atrazine; Steel; pH; Agricultural Chemicals; Soil Environment; Loam; Migration DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022886225564 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Best Nitrogen and Irrigation Management Practices for Citrus Production in Sandy Soils AN - 755134129; 13634479 AB - Drinking water monitoring data have indicated anincrease in nitrate-nitrogen (NO sub(3)-N) concentration ingroundwater in some parts of the citrus production region ofFlorida. A proactive, incentive-based program of developingcrop-specific best management practices (BMP) began with theFlorida N-BMP legislation passed in 1994. A combination ofcareful irrigation and nitrogen (N) management is needed toimprove N uptake efficiency and to minimize potential leaching ofnitrate (NO sub(3)-N) to the groundwater. An improved Nmanagement practice is considered as a BMP, only if that practiceis proved to decrease NO sub(3)-N leaching into groundwater incommercial groves without adversely impacting the economics ofproduction. Therefore, long-term evaluation of horticulturalresponses as well as monitoring of groundwater NO sub(3)-N wereconducted in five commercial groves representing different soiltypes, citrus variety and rootstock, tree age, and culturalpractices to determine the impact of changes in N managementand/or irrigation scheduling. Groundwater NO sub(3)-N, leafnutrient concentrations, fruit yield and fruit quality weremonitored for 15 months under the growers' routine managementand, subsequently for 48 months, with improved N and irrigationmanagement practices. The N management practices evaluated inthis study included broadcast application of a combination ofwater soluble and slow release granular products, fertigation,and a combination of foliar application and fertigation. Irrigation management was improved by using tensiometer set pointof 10 and 15 cbar. This article presents the fruit yield, andconcentrations of N, P, K in six-month spring flush during thestudy period. The study showed that 5 to 8 yr old Valenciatrees on Volkamar lemon rootstock produced high quality fruit inthe range of 59 to 81 Mg ha super(-1) with 168 kg N ha super(-1) asfertigation combined with improved irrigation scheduling. Fruityield of 36 yr old Valencia orange trees on Rough lemonrootstock was greater with application of 180 kg N ha super(-1) yr super(-1) as fertigation compared to that of the trees whichreceived a similar rate of N as three broadcast applications ofgranular product. Fertilizer program comprising three foliarapplications of N using low biuret urea to deliver 66 kg N ha super(-1) yr super(-1) and an additional 76 kg N ha super(-1)yr super(-1)as fertigation was the most effective for decreasing the surficialgroundwater NO sub(3)-N while maintaining optimal fruit productionand nutritional status of the leaves. This study demonstratedthat economically and technically feasible N-BMPs can bedeveloped for citrus grown on sandy soils with a combination ofimproved N management and irrigation scheduling. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - Alva, A K AU - Paramasivam, S AU - Graham, W D AU - Wheaton, T A AD - USDA-ARS-PWA, Vegetable and Forage Research Unit, Prosser, WA, U.S.A. (author for correspondence, aalva@pars.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - February 2003 SP - 139 EP - 154 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 143 IS - 1-4 SN - 0049-6979, 0049-6979 KW - Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Citrus KW - Age KW - Water Management KW - Trees KW - Nutrition KW - sandy soils KW - Yield KW - Fertilizers KW - best practices KW - urea KW - Economics KW - Leaching KW - fruits KW - Irrigation KW - Leaves KW - incentives KW - Soil contamination KW - Agrochemicals KW - Irrigation Scheduling KW - Monitoring KW - Drinking water KW - Groundwater KW - Legislation KW - Nitrogen KW - SW 1030:Use of water of impaired quality KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/755134129?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=Best+Nitrogen+and+Irrigation+Management+Practices+for+Citrus+Production+in+Sandy+Soils&rft.au=Alva%2C+A+K%3BParamasivam%2C+S%3BGraham%2C+W+D%3BWheaton%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Alva&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=143&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1022883311070 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Age; Leaching; Trees; Irrigation; fruits; Soil contamination; incentives; Agrochemicals; Nutrition; sandy soils; Fertilizers; best practices; urea; Economics; Groundwater; Drinking water; Legislation; Nitrogen; Yield; Water Management; Leaves; Monitoring; Irrigation Scheduling; Citrus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022883311070 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of imidacloprid tree treatments on the occurrence of Formosan subterranean termites, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), in independent monitors. AN - 73129152; 12650353 AB - Periodic sampling of 87 independent monitors, initially active with the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, was conducted. Monitors, located in eight sectors adjacent to seven buildings, were various distances (1-46 m) from 57 trees treated with 0.1% imidacloprid foam. Termites collected from six of the eight sectors showed latent mortality attributed to imidacloprid intoxication at all monitor-tree distances. Approximately 6 mo after treatment, termite populations had recovered in these sectors. Another sector showed termite population suppression for approximately 15 mo, followed by recovery. Imidacloprid tree treatments did not control C. formosanus populations in independent monitors adjacent to the treatments. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Osbrink, Weste L A AU - Lax, Alan R AD - Southern Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70124, USA. osbrink@srrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - February 2003 SP - 117 EP - 125 VL - 96 IS - 1 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Imidazoles KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Nitro Compounds KW - imidacloprid KW - 3BN7M937V8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Population Density KW - Insect Control KW - Isoptera -- growth & development KW - Insecticides -- administration & dosage KW - Imidazoles -- administration & dosage KW - Plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73129152?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+imidacloprid+tree+treatments+on+the+occurrence+of+Formosan+subterranean+termites%2C+Coptotermes+formosanus+Shiraki+%28Isoptera%3A+Rhinotermitidae%29%2C+in+independent+monitors.&rft.au=Osbrink%2C+Weste+L+A%3BLax%2C+Alan+R&rft.aulast=Osbrink&rft.aufirst=Weste+L&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-07 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of feeding the ionophores monensin and laidlomycin propionate and the antimicrobial bambermycin to sheep experimentally infected with E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium. AN - 73121897; 12643501 AB - Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella are widely recognized as important agents of foodborne disease with worldwide distribution. The use of ionophores in feeding growing ruminants is widespread in the United States and has attracted recent interest due to the apparent temporal relationship between initial ionophore use and the increase in human E. coli O157:H7 cases. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of short-term feeding of ionophores on fecal shedding, intestinal concentrations, and antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli O157:H7 and S. typhimurium in growing lambs. Sixteen lambs were used in each experiment, four lambs per treatment group: monensin, laidlomycin propionate, bambermycin, and a control treatment. Lambs were fed a grain and hay (50:50) diet with their respective ionophore for 12 d before experimental inoculation with E. coli O157:H7 or S. typhimurium. Animals were maintained on their respective diets an additional 12 d, and fecal shedding of inoculated pathogens was monitored daily. Lambs were killed and tissues and contents were sampled from the rumen, cecum, and rectum. No differences (P > 0.05) in fecal shedding of Salmonella or E. coli O157:H7 were observed due to treatment. Occurrence of Salmonella or E. coli in luminal contents and tissue samples from the rumen, cecum, and rectum did not differ (P > 0.05) among treatments. Feeding monensin decreased (P < 0.05) the incidence of scours in sheep infected with Salmonella compared with the other treatments. No differences in antimicrobial susceptibility were found in any of Salmonella or E. coli O157:H7 isolates. Results from these studies indicate that short-term ionophore feeding had very limited effects on E. coli and Salmonella shedding or on antimicrobial susceptibility in experimentally infected lambs. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Edrington, T S AU - Callaway, T R AU - Bischoff, K M AU - Genovese, K J AU - Elder, R O AU - Anderson, R C AU - Nisbet, D J AD - Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, USDA, ARS, College Station, TX 77845, USA. edrington@ffsru.tamu.edu Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - February 2003 SP - 553 EP - 560 VL - 81 IS - 2 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Ionophores KW - Bambermycins KW - 11015-37-5 KW - Monensin KW - 906O0YJ6ZP KW - laidlomycin KW - MI3S6ZF5QE KW - Index Medicus KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- microbiology KW - Feces -- microbiology KW - Animals KW - Random Allocation KW - Drug Resistance, Bacterial KW - Sheep KW - Colony Count, Microbial -- veterinary KW - Bambermycins -- administration & dosage KW - Diarrhea -- microbiology KW - Carrier State -- microbiology KW - Bambermycins -- pharmacology KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- microbiology KW - Food Microbiology KW - Carrier State -- veterinary KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- veterinary KW - Diarrhea -- veterinary KW - Male KW - Female KW - Monensin -- analogs & derivatives KW - Monensin -- administration & dosage KW - Ionophores -- pharmacology KW - Sheep Diseases -- microbiology KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- pharmacology KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- drug effects KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- drug effects KW - Monensin -- pharmacology KW - Ionophores -- administration & dosage KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- growth & development KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73121897?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Effect+of+feeding+the+ionophores+monensin+and+laidlomycin+propionate+and+the+antimicrobial+bambermycin+to+sheep+experimentally+infected+with+E.+coli+O157%3AH7+and+Salmonella+typhimurium.&rft.au=Edrington%2C+T+S%3BCallaway%2C+T+R%3BBischoff%2C+K+M%3BGenovese%2C+K+J%3BElder%2C+R+O%3BAnderson%2C+R+C%3BNisbet%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Edrington&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=553&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-20 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Combining azadirachtin and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) to control Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). AN - 73119450; 12650340 AB - Both azadirachtin and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Wize) Brown & Smith have been used to control the whitefly Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring, but with only moderate effectiveness. Azadirachtin is a botanical insecticide derived from the neem tree, and P. fumosoroseus is an entomopathogenic fungus. To test whether these two agents might be more effective for whitefly control if used together, different rates of each were combined in laboratory bioassays in factorial treatment. Both tank mixes and separate sprays were tested. Up to 90% nymphal mortality was obtained when both the fungus and azadirachtin were combined, a significant increase over the 70%, or less, mortality obtained when only one agent was used; however, the combined effects were less than additive. Azadirachtin had moderately inhibitory effects on growth and germination of P. firmosoroseus, which may explain this antagonism. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - James, R R AD - USDA-ARS-KSARC, Beneficial Insects Research Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA. rjames@biology.usu.edu Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - February 2003 SP - 25 EP - 30 VL - 96 IS - 1 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Limonins KW - azadirachtin KW - O4U1SAF85H KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mitosporic Fungi -- physiology KW - Pest Control, Biological KW - Hemiptera UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73119450?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Combining+azadirachtin+and+Paecilomyces+fumosoroseus+%28Deuteromycotina%3A+Hyphomycetes%29+to+control+Bemisia+argentifolii+%28Homoptera%3A+Aleyrodidae%29.&rft.au=James%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-07 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of microbial ecology of meat and poultry products on predictions from exposure assessment scenarios for refrigerated storage. AN - 73105552; 12635734 AB - A novel extension of traditional growth models for exposure assessment of food-borne microbial pathogens was developed to address the complex interactions of competing microbial populations in foods. Scenarios were designed for baseline refrigeration and mild abuse of servings of chicken broiler and ground beef Our approach employed high-quality data for microbiology of foods at production, refrigerated storage temperatures, and growth kinetics of microbial populations in culture media. Simple parallel models were developed for exponential growth of multiple pathogens and the abundant and ubiquitous nonpathogenic indigenous microbiota. Monte Carlo simulations were run for unconstrained growth and growth with the density-dependent constraint based on the "Jameson effect," inhibition of pathogen growth when the indigenous microbiota reached 10(9) counts per serving. The modes for unconstrained growth of the indigenous microbiota were 10(8), 10(10), and 10(11) counts per serving for chicken broilers, and 10(7), 10(9) and 10(11) counts per serving for ground beef at respective sites for backroom, meat case, and home refrigeration. Contamination rates and likelihoods of reaching temperatures supporting growth of the pathogens in the baseline refrigeration scenario were rare events. The unconstrained exponential growth models appeared to overestimate L. monocytogenes growth maxima for the baseline refrigeration scenario by 1500-7233% (10(6)-10(7) counts/serving) when the inhibitory effects of the indigenous microbiota are ignored. The extreme tails of the distributions for the constrained models appeared to overestimate growth maxima 110% (10(4)-10(5) counts/serving) for Salmonella spp. and 108% (6 x 10(3) counts/serving) for E. coli O157:H7 relative to the extremes of the unconstrained models. The approach of incorporating parallel models for pathogens and the indigenous microbiota into exposure assessment modeling motivates the design of validation studies to test the modeling assumptions, consistent with the analytical-deliberative process of risk analysis. JF - Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis AU - Coleman, Margaret E AU - Sandberg, Sonja AU - Anderson, Steven A AD - USDA Food Safety & Inspection Service, Office of Public Health & Science, Risk Assessment Division, Washington, DC 20250-3700, USA. coleman@fsis.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - February 2003 SP - 215 EP - 228 VL - 23 IS - 1 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - Index Medicus KW - Refrigeration KW - Animals KW - Salmonella -- growth & development KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- growth & development KW - Humans KW - Safety KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- growth & development KW - Models, Biological KW - Risk Assessment KW - Food Microbiology KW - Poultry -- microbiology KW - Meat -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73105552?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=Impact+of+microbial+ecology+of+meat+and+poultry+products+on+predictions+from+exposure+assessment+scenarios+for+refrigerated+storage.&rft.au=Coleman%2C+Margaret+E%3BSandberg%2C+Sonja%3BAnderson%2C+Steven+A&rft.aulast=Coleman&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=215&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-01 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth and heat resistance kinetic variation among various isolates of Salmonella and its application to risk assessment. AN - 73100895; 12635733 AB - The abilities of cells of a particular type of bacteria to leave lag phase and begin the process of dividing or surviving heat treatment can depend on the serotypes or strains of the bacteria. This article reports an investigation of serotype-specific differences in growth and heat resistance kinetics of clinical and food isolates of Salmonella. Growth kinetics at 19 degrees C and 37 degrees C were examined in brain heart infusion broth and heat resistance kinetics for 60 degrees C were examined in beef gravy using a submerged coil heating apparatus. Estimates of the parameters of the growth curves suggests a small between-serotype variance of the growth kinetics. However, for inactivation, the results suggest a significant between-serotype effect on the asymptotic D-values, with an estimated between-serotype CV of about 20%. In microbial risk assessment, predictive microbiology is used to estimate growth and inactivation of pathogens. Often the data used for estimating the growth or inactivation kinetics are based on measurements on a cocktail--a mixture of approximately equal proportions of several serotypes or strains of the pathogen being studied. The expected growth or inactivation rates derived from data using cocktails are biased, reflecting the characteristics of the fastest growing or most heat resistant serotype of the cocktail. In this article, an adjustment to decrease this possible bias in a risk assessment is offered. The article also presents discussion of the effect on estimating growth when stochastic assumptions are incorporated in the model. In particular, equations describing the variation of relative growth are derived, accounting for the stochastic variations of the division of cells. For small numbers of cells, the expected value of the relative growth is not an appropriate "representative" value for actual relative growths that might occur. JF - Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis AU - Juneja, Vijay K AU - Marks, Harry M AU - Huang, Lihan AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA. vjuneja@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - February 2003 SP - 199 EP - 213 VL - 23 IS - 1 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - Index Medicus KW - Hot Temperature KW - Animals KW - Kinetics KW - Humans KW - Serotyping KW - Poultry -- microbiology KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Models, Biological KW - Risk Assessment KW - Food Microbiology KW - Salmonella -- growth & development KW - Salmonella -- pathogenicity KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - Salmonella -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73100895?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=Growth+and+heat+resistance+kinetic+variation+among+various+isolates+of+Salmonella+and+its+application+to+risk+assessment.&rft.au=Juneja%2C+Vijay+K%3BMarks%2C+Harry+M%3BHuang%2C+Lihan&rft.aulast=Juneja&rft.aufirst=Vijay&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-01 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella by gamma irradiation of alfalfa seed intended for production of food sprouts. AN - 73030987; 12597473 AB - Inonizing irradiation was determined to be a suitable method for the inactivation of Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7 on alfalfa seed to be used in the production of food sprouts. The radiation D (dose resulting in a 90% reduction of viable CFU) values for the inactivation of Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 on alfalfa seeds were higher than the D-values for their inactivation on meat or poultry. The average D-value for the inactivation of Salmonella on alfalfa seeds was 0.97 +/- 0.03 kGy; the D-values for cocktails of meat isolates and for vegetable-associated isolates were not significantly different. The D-values for nonoutbreak and outbreak isolates of E. coli O157:H7 on alfalfa seeds were 0.55 +/- 0.01 and 0.60 +/- 0.01 kGy, respectively. It was determined that the relatively high D-values were not due to the low moisture content or the low water activity of the seed. The D-values for Salmonella on alfalfa seeds from two different sources did not differ significantly, even though there were significant differences in seed size and water activity. The increased moisture content of the seed after artificial inoculation did not significantly alter the D-value for the inactivation of Salmonella. The results of this study demonstrate that 3.3- and 2-log inactivations can be achieved with a 2-kGy dose of ionizing radiation, which will permit satisfactory commercial yields of sprouts from alfalfa seed contaminated with E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella, respectively. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Thayer, Donald W AU - Rajkowski, Kathleen T AU - Boyd, Glenn AU - Cooke, Peter H AU - Soroka, Douglas S AD - Food Safety Intervention Technologies Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. dthayer@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - February 2003 SP - 175 EP - 181 VL - 66 IS - 2 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Microbiology KW - Gamma Rays KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Medicago sativa -- microbiology KW - Salmonella -- growth & development KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- radiation effects KW - Food Irradiation KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- growth & development KW - Seeds -- microbiology KW - Salmonella -- radiation effects KW - Seeds -- ultrastructure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73030987?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Inactivation+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+and+Salmonella+by+gamma+irradiation+of+alfalfa+seed+intended+for+production+of+food+sprouts.&rft.au=Thayer%2C+Donald+W%3BRajkowski%2C+Kathleen+T%3BBoyd%2C+Glenn%3BCooke%2C+Peter+H%3BSoroka%2C+Douglas+S&rft.aulast=Thayer&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-13 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Insect repellants in urban settings. AN - 73029163; 12586956 AB - Why kill bugs when you can just make them go away? Used primarily for biting-insect control, repellants may control household pests as well, once their potential is fully realized. Repellents may provide low-dose, specific and low-toxicity augmentations to conventional pesticides applied around the home and workplace. JF - Biologist (London, England) AU - Peterson, Chris AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Starkville, MS 39759, USA. cjpeterson@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - February 2003 SP - 39 EP - 43 VL - 50 IS - 1 SN - 0006-3347, 0006-3347 KW - Insect Repellents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cockroaches KW - Urbanization KW - Insect Vectors KW - Culicidae KW - Isoptera KW - Urban Health KW - Insect Control -- methods KW - Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73029163?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biologist+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.atitle=Insect+repellants+in+urban+settings.&rft.au=Peterson%2C+Chris&rft.aulast=Peterson&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biologist+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.issn=00063347&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-05 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sequence comparison of aflR from different Aspergillus species provides evidence for variability in regulation of aflatoxin production. AN - 72982764; 12553937 AB - Aflatoxin contamination of foods and feeds is a world-wide agricultural problem. Aflatoxin production requires expression of the biosynthetic pathway regulatory gene, aflR, which encodes a Cys6Zn2-type DNA-binding protein. Homologs of aflR from Aspergillus nomius, bombycis, parasiticus, flavus, and pseudotamarii were compared to investigate the molecular basis for variation among aflatoxin-producing taxa in the regulation of aflatoxin production. Variability was found in putative promoter consensus elements and coding region motifs, including motifs involved in developmental regulation (AbaA, BrlA), regulation of nitrogen source utilization (AreA), and pH regulation (PacC), and in coding region PEST domains. Some of these elements may affect expression of aflJ, a gene divergently transcribed from aflR, that also is required for aflatoxin accumulation. Comparisons of phylogenetic trees obtained with either aligned aflR intergenic region sequence or coding region sequence and the observed divergence in regulatory features among the taxa provide evidence that regulatory signals for aflatoxin production evolved to respond to a variety of environmental stimuli under differential selective pressures. Phylogenetic analyses also suggest that isolates currently assigned to the A. flavus morphotype SBG represent a distinct species and that A. nomius is a diverse paraphyletic assemblage likely to contain several species. JF - Fungal genetics and biology : FG & B AU - Ehrlich, Kenneth C AU - Montalbano, Beverly G AU - Cotty, Peter J AD - US Department of Agriculture, Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, New Orleans, LA 70179-0687, USA. ehrlich@srrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - February 2003 SP - 63 EP - 74 VL - 38 IS - 1 SN - 1087-1845, 1087-1845 KW - AFLR protein, Aspergillus KW - 0 KW - Aflatoxins KW - DNA, Fungal KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - Fungal Proteins KW - Transcription Factors KW - Index Medicus KW - Phylogeny KW - Aspergillus nidulans -- metabolism KW - Aspergillus oryzae -- genetics KW - Aspergillus nidulans -- genetics KW - DNA, Fungal -- genetics KW - Species Specificity KW - Aspergillus oryzae -- metabolism KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal KW - Aflatoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Genetic Variation KW - Aspergillus -- genetics KW - Aflatoxins -- genetics KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- genetics KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Aspergillus -- metabolism KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72982764?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fungal+genetics+and+biology+%3A+FG+%26+B&rft.atitle=Sequence+comparison+of+aflR+from+different+Aspergillus+species+provides+evidence+for+variability+in+regulation+of+aflatoxin+production.&rft.au=Ehrlich%2C+Kenneth+C%3BMontalbano%2C+Beverly+G%3BCotty%2C+Peter+J&rft.aulast=Ehrlich&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fungal+genetics+and+biology+%3A+FG+%26+B&rft.issn=10871845&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-03 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cytochrome P450 CYP6X1 cDNAs and mRNA expression levels in three strains of the tarnished plant bug Lygus lineolaris (Heteroptera: Miridae) having different susceptibilities to pyrethroid insecticide. AN - 72981008; 12542634 AB - Three cDNAs, cloned from both pyrethroid-susceptible and -resistant strains of Lygus lineolaris, contained a 1548 nucleotide open reading frame encoding a 516 amino acid residue protein. Predicted cytochrome P450s from cDNAs were classified as the first three new members of subfamily CYP6X, CYP6X1v1 for a susceptible strain and CYP6X1v2 and CYP6X1v3 for two resistant strains. Putative cytochrome P450 CYP6X1s from L. lineolaris were highly similar (up to 42% amino acid sequence identity) to several insect CYP6s that are responsible for reduced sensitivity to pyrethroid insecticides. A total of twenty-six nucleotide substitutions were revealed between cDNAs of susceptible and resistant strains. Two nucleotide substitutions resulted in amino acid changes, Asp373 to Ala373 and Ser487 to Ala487, between susceptible and resistant strains. The resistant laboratory strain contained 2.1-fold higher cytochrome P450 mRNA per microgram total RNA than the susceptible laboratory strain. Topical treatment with 10 ng permethrin elevated cytochrome P450 mRNA levels by approximately 2-fold. The results of this study indicated that cytochrome P450 gene mutation, coupled with up-regulation, was present only in the pyrethroid resistant strains, and was possibly related to resistance development in the tarnished plant bug. JF - Insect molecular biology AU - Zhu, Y C AU - Snodgrass, G L AD - Jamie Whitten Delta States Research Center, ARS-USDA, Stoneville, Mississippi 38776, USA. yczhu@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - February 2003 SP - 39 EP - 49 VL - 12 IS - 1 SN - 0962-1075, 0962-1075 KW - DNA, Complementary KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Isoenzymes KW - Pyrethrins KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Phylogeny KW - Animals KW - DNA, Complementary -- genetics KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - RNA, Messenger -- genetics KW - Isoenzymes -- genetics KW - RNA, Messenger -- biosynthesis KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Alleles KW - Base Sequence KW - Sequence Alignment KW - Isoenzymes -- biosynthesis KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - DNA, Complementary -- biosynthesis KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic -- genetics KW - Insecticide Resistance -- genetics KW - Heteroptera -- enzymology KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- genetics KW - Heteroptera -- genetics KW - Plants KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- biosynthesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72981008?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Insect+molecular+biology&rft.atitle=Cytochrome+P450+CYP6X1+cDNAs+and+mRNA+expression+levels+in+three+strains+of+the+tarnished+plant+bug+Lygus+lineolaris+%28Heteroptera%3A+Miridae%29+having+different+susceptibilities+to+pyrethroid+insecticide.&rft.au=Zhu%2C+Y+C%3BSnodgrass%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Zhu&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Insect+molecular+biology&rft.issn=09621075&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-03 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - ATP-binding cassette transporter A1, fatty acids, and cholesterol absorption. AN - 72975535; 12544659 AB - A significant advance in our understanding of the reverse cholesterol transport pathway occurred in 1999 with the identification of defects in the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 gene as the cause of Tangier disease. Since this discovery, an overwhelming number of experiments have been conducted to further define the function of this gene. Among the concepts emerging from such studies is a possible role for the gene in cholesterol absorption. The present review summarizes the most recent of these studies, as well as the only report to describe the effects of fatty acids on ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 gene activity. From the one study conducted thus far, it appears that unsaturated fatty acids can reduce ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 gene activity by enhancing its degradation. Among the primary modulators of the gene's transcription is the liver X receptor, with liver X receptor-selective agonists significantly increasing expression of the gene. While some studies indicate that upregulation of the gene inhibits cholesterol absorption, the results of other studies suggest that it facilitates cholesterol absorption and the transfer of cholesterol into the bile. Preliminary evidence from studies with transgenic and knockout mice supports the concept that increasing ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 gene expression may be beneficial in the prevention of diet-induced atherosclerosis. Although there is substantial evidence from and studies to suggest that the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 gene regulates intestinal cholesterol absorption, perhaps by mediating cholesterol efflux from the basolateral surface of enterocytes, it remains unclear whether or not this gene is the primary ATP-binding cassette transporter involved in the process. JF - Current opinion in lipidology AU - Brousseau, Margaret E AD - Tufts University School of Medicine, and Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA. margaret.brousseau@tufts.edu Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - February 2003 SP - 35 EP - 40 VL - 14 IS - 1 SN - 0957-9672, 0957-9672 KW - ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1 KW - 0 KW - Dietary Fats KW - Fatty Acids KW - Cholesterol KW - 97C5T2UQ7J KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dietary Fats -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Absorption KW - Arteriosclerosis -- metabolism KW - Arteriosclerosis -- chemically induced KW - Dietary Fats -- pharmacology KW - Cholesterol -- metabolism KW - ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters -- metabolism KW - Cholesterol -- pharmacokinetics KW - Fatty Acids -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72975535?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+opinion+in+lipidology&rft.atitle=ATP-binding+cassette+transporter+A1%2C+fatty+acids%2C+and+cholesterol+absorption.&rft.au=Brousseau%2C+Margaret+E&rft.aulast=Brousseau&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+opinion+in+lipidology&rft.issn=09579672&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-27 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Anthracycline-induced suppression of GATA-4 transcription factor: implication in the regulation of cardiac myocyte apoptosis. AN - 72961750; 12527808 AB - Anthracyclines are effective cancer chemotherapeutic agents but can induce serious cardiotoxicity. Understanding the mechanism of cardiac damage by these agents will help in development of better therapeutic strategies against cancer. The GATA-4 transcription factor is an important regulator of cardiac muscle cells. The present study demonstrates that anthracyclines can down-regulate GATA-4 activity. Treatment of HL-1 cardiac muscle cells or isolated adult rat ventricular myocytes with anthracyclines such as daunorubicin and doxorubicin decreased the level of GATA-4 DNA-binding activity. The mechanism of decreased GATA-4 activity acts at the level of the GATA-4 gene, because anthracyclines caused significantly decreased levels of GATA-4 protein and mRNA. The rate of decline in GATA-4 transcript levels in the presence of actinomycin D was unaltered by anthracyclines, indicating that these agents may affect directly GATA-4 gene transcription. To determine whether decreased GATA-4 levels are functionally related to cardiac muscle cell death that can be induced by anthracyclines, the ability of ectopic GATA factors to rescue anthracycline-induced apoptosis was tested. Adenovirus-mediated expression of either GATA-4 or GATA-6 was sufficient to attenuate the incidence of apoptosis. Furthermore, suppression of GATA-4 DNA-binding activity by a dominant negative mutant of GATA-4 induced the apoptosis. These results suggest that the mechanism of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity may involve the down-regulation of GATA-4 and the induction of apoptosis. JF - Molecular pharmacology AU - Kim, Yuri AU - Ma, Ai-Guo AU - Kitta, Kazumi AU - Fitch, Sarah N AU - Ikeda, Takayuki AU - Ihara, Yoshiharu AU - Simon, Amy R AU - Evans, Todd AU - Suzuki, Yuichiro J AD - Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA. Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - February 2003 SP - 368 EP - 377 VL - 63 IS - 2 SN - 0026-895X, 0026-895X KW - Antibiotics, Antineoplastic KW - 0 KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - GATA4 Transcription Factor KW - Oxidants KW - Transcription Factors KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Oxidants -- pharmacology KW - Down-Regulation KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - DNA -- drug effects KW - Gene Expression -- drug effects KW - Myocardium -- cytology KW - Transcription Factors -- drug effects KW - Apoptosis KW - Transcription Factors -- metabolism KW - Antibiotics, Antineoplastic -- pharmacology KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- genetics KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- drug effects KW - Heart -- drug effects KW - Transcription Factors -- genetics KW - Myocardium -- metabolism KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72961750?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Anthracycline-induced+suppression+of+GATA-4+transcription+factor%3A+implication+in+the+regulation+of+cardiac+myocyte+apoptosis.&rft.au=Kim%2C+Yuri%3BMa%2C+Ai-Guo%3BKitta%2C+Kazumi%3BFitch%2C+Sarah+N%3BIkeda%2C+Takayuki%3BIhara%2C+Yoshiharu%3BSimon%2C+Amy+R%3BEvans%2C+Todd%3BSuzuki%2C+Yuichiro+J&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Yuri&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=368&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+pharmacology&rft.issn=0026895X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-21 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biosynthesis of tetrahydrofuranyl fatty acids from linoleic acid by clavibacter sp. ALA2 AN - 21401474; 12038928 AB - Clavibacter sp. ALA2 converts linoleic acid into many novel oxygenated products including hydroxy FA and tetrahydrofuranyl unsaturated FA (THFA). One of them was tentatively identified by GC-MS as 12,13,16-trihydroxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid (12,13,16-THOA) (Hou, C.T., H.W. Gardner, and W. Brown, J Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 78∶ 1167--1169, 2001). We have separated and purified 12,13,16-THOA from its isomer, 12,13,17-THOA, by silica gel column chromatography and by preparative TLC. Its structure was then confirmed by proton and C NMR analyses. Purified 12,13,16-THOA was used as a substrate to study the biosynthesis of THFA. Within 24 h of incubation, cells of strain ALA2 converted 12,13,16-THOA to both 12-hydroxy-13,16-epoxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid (12-hydroxy-THFA) and 7,12-dihydroxy-13,16-epoxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid (7,12-dihydroxy-THFA). The relative abundance of 7,12-dihydroxy-THFA increased with incubation time, whereas that of 12,13,16-THOA and of 12-hydroxy-THFA decreased. Therefore, the biosynthetic pathway of THFA from linoleic acid by strain ALA2 is as follows: linoleic acid->12,13-dihydroxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid->12,13,16-THOA->12-hydroxy-THEA->7,12-dihydroxy-THFA. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Hosokawa, M AU - Hou, C T AU - Weisleder, D AU - Brown, W AD - Research Support Services, NCAUR, ARS, USDA, 61604 Peoria, Illinois, houct@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 145 EP - 149 PB - American Oil Chemists' Society Press, 1608 Broadmoor Dr Champaign IL 61826-3489 USA VL - 80 IS - 2 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Oil KW - Protons KW - silica gel KW - Fatty acids KW - Column chromatography KW - N.M.R. KW - Linoleic acid KW - Isomers KW - J 02450:Ecology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21401474?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Biosynthesis+of+tetrahydrofuranyl+fatty+acids+from+linoleic+acid+by+clavibacter+sp.+ALA2&rft.au=Hosokawa%2C+M%3BHou%2C+C+T%3BWeisleder%2C+D%3BBrown%2C+W&rft.aulast=Hosokawa&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11746-003-0667-3 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oil; Protons; silica gel; Fatty acids; Column chromatography; N.M.R.; Isomers; Linoleic acid DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-003-0667-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Remote Solar, Wind, and Hybrid Solar/Wind Energy Systems for Purifying Water AN - 20659377; 8048707 AB - Solar energy, wind energy, and a combination of wind and solar energy have been used successfully to power an UV (ultraviolet) water purification system. Five different solar and wind energy systems have been tested and although these renewable energy systems have been used for water purification, graphs contained in the paper can be used to determine the feasibility of powering other electrical loads. Combining a 100-W solar-PV system with a 500-W wind turbine resulted in pumping and purifying enough water to satisfy the potable water requirements of 4000 people (16000 liters/day) at an estimated equipment cost of $4630. JF - Journal of Solar Energy Engineering (Transactions of the ASME) AU - Vick, Brian D AU - Clark, R Nolan AU - Ling, Junyi AU - Ling, Shitao AD - USDA-ARS Conservation and Production Research Laboratory, P.O. Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 107 EP - 111 PB - American Society of Mechanical Engineers, United Engineering Center, 345 E. 47th St. New York NY 10017 USA, [URL:http://www.asme.org] VL - 125 IS - 1 SN - 0199-6231, 0199-6231 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Feasibility studies KW - Water purification KW - hybrids KW - Wind energy KW - Renewable energy KW - Drinking water KW - Solar energy KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20659377?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Solar+Energy+Engineering+%28Transactions+of+the+ASME%29&rft.atitle=Remote+Solar%2C+Wind%2C+and+Hybrid+Solar%2FWind+Energy+Systems+for+Purifying+Water&rft.au=Vick%2C+Brian+D%3BClark%2C+R+Nolan%3BLing%2C+Junyi%3BLing%2C+Shitao&rft.aulast=Vick&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=125&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Solar+Energy+Engineering+%28Transactions+of+the+ASME%29&rft.issn=01996231&rft_id=info:doi/10.1115%2F1.1531148 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Feasibility studies; hybrids; Wind energy; Renewable energy; Drinking water; Water purification; Solar energy DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1531148 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - TEMPORAL GENETIC VARIATION IN A COYOTE (CANIS LATRANS) POPULATION EXPERIENCING HIGH TURNOVER AN - 20041479; 8696933 AB - Temporal genetic variation was examined in a coyote (Canis latrans) population that experienced intensive removal for several decades. The population experienced separate periods of nonselective and selective control, and comparisons were made between control methods. Analyses at 11 microsatellite loci revealed only subtle genetic differences between removal regimes when analyzed by year of birth or resident status. Numbers of alleles per locus (4-16) and expected heterozygosities (0.617-0.915) were high across groups and few 1st-order relatives were detected within groups. Coyote social structure and dispersal patterns appear to adequately maintain genetic variation and promote genetic homogeneity over relatively small geographic scales during periods of locally aggressive removal. JF - Journal of Mammalogy AU - Williams, Christen Lenney AU - Blejwas, Karen AU - Johnston, John J AU - Jaeger, Michael M AD - National Wildlife Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, 4101 LaPorte Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA (CLW, JJJ), Christen.L.Williams@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 177 EP - 184 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. VL - 84 IS - 1 SN - 0022-2372, 0022-2372 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - Canis latrans KW - genetic variation KW - population structure KW - temporal variation KW - coyote KW - microsatellite KW - Birth KW - Microsatellites KW - Genetic diversity KW - Dispersal KW - Heterozygosity KW - Y 25150:General/Miscellaneous KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - G 07870:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20041479?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.atitle=TEMPORAL+GENETIC+VARIATION+IN+A+COYOTE+%28CANIS+LATRANS%29+POPULATION+EXPERIENCING+HIGH+TURNOVER&rft.au=Williams%2C+Christen+Lenney%3BBlejwas%2C+Karen%3BJohnston%2C+John+J%3BJaeger%2C+Michael+M&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Christen&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.issn=00222372&rft_id=info:doi/10.1644%2F1545-1542%282003%290842.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Birth; Microsatellites; Genetic diversity; Dispersal; Heterozygosity; Canis latrans DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2003)084<0177:TGVIAC>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The efficacy of polyacrylamide to reduce nutrient movement from an irrigated field AN - 19928169; 5735367 AB - Irrigation-induced erosion contributes to elevated sediment and nutrient concentrations in irrigation return-flow water. Polyacrylamide (PAM) is an effective flocculent widely used to reduced soil erosion. We hypothesized PAM would reduce transport of sediment and nutrients in surface irrigation water flowing over soil. We measured nutrients in irrigation inflow and runoff water and total and extractable nutrients in sediment transported from agricultural fields. Treatments were:(1) PAM application and no PAM (control), (2) three flow rates (7.5, 15.0, and 22.5 L min super(-1)), (3) distance along the furrow (1 m below the inflow point and 40 m down furrow), and (4) time during irrigation (0.5, 3.5, and 6.5 h after initial inflow). After irrigation water flowed 40 m, water flowing in furrows receiving PAM treatments reduced the NO sub(3) super(-) concentration in runoff by 85% and the total P concentration in water by 90% compared to runoff water in furrows without PAM, regardless of flow rate. Mass export of NH sub(4) super(+), NO sub(3) super(-), dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), total P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, B, and Zn in untreated irrigation runoff water increased as the flow rate increased from 7.5 to 22.5 L min super(-1). Export of these nutrients, via sediment carried by untreated irrigation runoff water, increased from 2 to 5 fold as the flow rate increased from 7.5 to 22.5 L min super(-1). After water flowed 40 m, transport of these extractable nutrients was reduced from 10 to 40 fold in PAM-treated furrows. With proper application, PAM reduces nutrient loss from furrow-irrigated agricultural fields, protecting surface water and groundwater quality. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Entry, JA AU - Sojka, R E AD - USDA-ARS Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, 3793 North 3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83443, USA, jentry@kimberly.ars.pn.usbr.gov Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 75 EP - 83 VL - 46 IS - 1 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agricultural Runoff KW - Surface Irrigation KW - Surface water KW - nutrient concentrations KW - Phosphorus KW - Nutrients KW - Surface Water KW - Flow rates KW - Soil KW - Furrow Irrigation KW - Erosion Control KW - Return Flow KW - Zinc KW - Receiving Waters KW - nutrient loss KW - inflow KW - Sediment pollution KW - exports KW - Irrigation KW - Nonpoint Pollution Sources KW - agricultural land KW - irrigation water KW - Erosion KW - Surface-groundwater Relations KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Irrigation Water KW - Soil Erosion KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19928169?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=The+efficacy+of+polyacrylamide+to+reduce+nutrient+movement+from+an+irrigated+field&rft.au=Entry%2C+JA%3BSojka%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Entry&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sediment pollution; exports; Surface water; Irrigation; Phosphorus; nutrient concentrations; agricultural land; Flow rates; irrigation water; Soil; Erosion; Zinc; inflow; Groundwater pollution; nutrient loss; Agricultural Runoff; Surface-groundwater Relations; Erosion Control; Furrow Irrigation; Surface Irrigation; Return Flow; Nonpoint Pollution Sources; Receiving Waters; Irrigation Water; Nutrients; Surface Water; Soil Erosion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preslaughter intervention strategies to reduce food-borne pathogens in food animals AN - 19812044; 5953305 AB - Food-borne pathogenic bacteria sicken more than 76 million Americans annually. Many of these illnesses are caused by consumption of foodstuffs produced from animals. Postslaughter intervention strategies effectively reduce bacterial contamination level from the abattoir to the table. However, in spite of these effective strategies, food-borne illnesses and food-related deaths still occur far too frequently. Therefore, strategies that expand the continuum of intervention from the abattoir back to the farm have the greatest potential to reduce pathogenic contamination of meats and resultant human illnesses. A broad range of preslaughter intervention strategies have been contemplated and are currently under investigation. Potential strategies to be discussed include vaccination, competitive exclusion, substrate-adapted competitive exclusion, and the use of pro- and prebiotics (e.g., fructooligosaccharides). Other strategies such as the use of bacteriophage to specifically target certain pathogenic bacteria, and the exploitation of the physiology of specific pathogens will be described. Additionally, the use of antibiotics to specifically reduce pathogens will be examined, as well as the risks incurred by antibiotic usage. The effects of management strategies (e.g., dietary changes), transportation, and stress on food-borne pathogenic bacterial populations of food animals will also be discussed. The parallel application of one or more of these preslaughter strategies has the potential to synergistically reduce the incidence of human food-borne illnesses by erecting multiple hurdles against entry of pathogens into the food chain. JF - Journal of Animal Science AU - Callaway, T R AU - Anderson, R C AU - Edrington, T S AU - Elder, RO AU - Genovese, K J AU - Bischoff, K M AU - Poole, T L AU - Jung, Y S AU - Harvey, R B AU - Nisbet, D J AD - Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, USDA, ARS, College Station, TX Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - E17 EP - E23 PB - American Society of Animal Science VL - 81 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Phages KW - fructooligosaccharides KW - Farms KW - Food chains KW - Abattoirs KW - Food KW - Stress KW - Antibiotics KW - Pathogens KW - Food contamination KW - Vaccination KW - Meat KW - Food consumption KW - J 02350:Immunology KW - V 22310:Genetics, Taxonomy & Structure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19812044?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Animal+Science&rft.atitle=Preslaughter+intervention+strategies+to+reduce+food-borne+pathogens+in+food+animals&rft.au=Callaway%2C+T+R%3BAnderson%2C+R+C%3BEdrington%2C+T+S%3BElder%2C+RO%3BGenovese%2C+K+J%3BBischoff%2C+K+M%3BPoole%2C+T+L%3BJung%2C+Y+S%3BHarvey%2C+R+B%3BNisbet%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Callaway&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=&rft.spage=E17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Animal+Science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phages; Abattoirs; Food chains; Farms; fructooligosaccharides; Food; Stress; Antibiotics; Pathogens; Food contamination; Vaccination; Meat; Food consumption ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of RZWQM under varying irrigation levels in eastern Colorado AN - 18947989; 5735364 AB - The ability to predict and manage crop growth under varying available water conditions is of vital importance to the agricultural community since water is the most important limiting factor for agricultural productivity, especially in semi-arid regions. This study evaluated an agricultural system model, the USDA-ARS Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM), for its ability to simulate the responses of corn (Zea mays L.) growth and yield to various levels of water stress. Data sets collected in 1984, 1985, and 1986 in northeastern Colorado were used for model evaluation. Three irrigation levels were imposed in 1984 and four levels in 1985 and 1986. Measurements included soil water content in 1985, leaf area index (LAI) and aboveground biomass in 1984 and 1985, and corn yield and plant height in 1984, 1985, and 1986. The RZWQM was calibrated for the lowest (driest) irrigation treatment in 1985 and then used to predict soil water and agronomic attributes for other irrigation treatments in all three years. Overall, the model responded well to irrigation treatments and weather conditions. Prediction of plant height was adequate in 1985 and 1986. Although biomass was reasonably predicted in early and late growing seasons, it was over-predicted during the middle growing season in both 1984 and 1985. Maximum LAI and plant height were over-predicted in 1984, however. Total soil water storage was well predicted in 1985, and so was evapotranspiration (ET) during the crop growing season. Yield predictions were within 1% to 35% of measured values for all the three years. Even with a low prediction of yield in 1986, the model correctly simulated the relative increase of yield with irrigation amount. Therefore, once RZWQM is calibrated for a location, it can be used as a tool to simulate relative differences in crop production under different irrigation levels and as a guide to optimize water management. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Ma, L AU - Nielsen, D C AU - Ahuja, L R AU - Malone, R W AU - Saseendran, SA AU - Rojas, K W AU - Hanson, J D AU - Benjamin, J G AD - USDA-ARS Central Great Plains Research Station, 40335 County Road GG, Akron, CO 80720, USA, dnielsen@lamar.colostate.edu Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - February 2003 SP - 39 EP - 49 VL - 46 IS - 1 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Irrigation Wells KW - Water Management KW - Available Water KW - Evapotranspiration KW - Soil Water KW - Crop Yield KW - Water Stress KW - USA, Colorado KW - Root Zone KW - Corn KW - Irrigation Water KW - Limiting Factors KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18947989?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+RZWQM+under+varying+irrigation+levels+in+eastern+Colorado&rft.au=Ma%2C+L%3BNielsen%2C+D+C%3BAhuja%2C+L+R%3BMalone%2C+R+W%3BSaseendran%2C+SA%3BRojas%2C+K+W%3BHanson%2C+J+D%3BBenjamin%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Ma&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Irrigation Wells; Root Zone; Water Management; Corn; Available Water; Evapotranspiration; Limiting Factors; Irrigation Water; Soil Water; Water Stress; Crop Yield; USA, Colorado ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential rates of vertical accretion and elevation change among aerial root types in Micronesian mangrove forests AN - 18923773; 5624062 AB - Root systems in mangrove swamps have captured the attention of scientists for decades. Among the postulated roles of root structures include a contribution to the geomorphological stability of mangrove soils through sediment trapping and binding. In this study, we used feldspar marker horizons and sediment pins to investigate the influence of three different functional root types-prop roots in Rhizophora spp., root knees in Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, and pneumatophores in Sonneratia alba-on vertical accretion and elevation change in three mangrove forests in the Federated States of Micronesia. Prop roots facilitated vertical accretion (11.0mmyear super(-1)) more than pneumatophores or bare soil controls (mean, 8.3mmyear super(-1)). Sediment elevation, on the other hand, increased at an average rate of only 1.3mmyear super(1) across all root types, with rate differences by root type, ranging from -0.2 to 3.4mmyear super(-1), being detected within river basins. This investigation demonstrates that prop roots can assist in the settling of suspended sediments from estuarine waters, yet prop root structures are not as successful as pneumatophores in maintaining sediment elevation over 2.5 years. As root densities increase over time, an increase in turbulence-induced erosion and in shallow subsidence as organic peat layers form is expected in Micronesian mangrove forests. JF - Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science AU - Krauss, K W AU - Allen, JA AU - Cahoon AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, 1151 Punchbowl St., Rm. 323, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA, kkrauss@usgs.gov Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - February 2003 SP - 251 EP - 259 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd VL - 56 IS - 2 SN - 0272-7714, 0272-7714 KW - Pneumatophores KW - Prop roots KW - Root knees KW - Sediment elevation KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Coastal erosion KW - Plant morphology KW - Bruguiera gymnorrhiza KW - Mangrove swamps KW - Brackish KW - Roots KW - Suspended particulate matter KW - Stabilizing KW - Nearshore dynamics KW - Coastal currents KW - Accretion KW - Coastal morphology KW - ISEW, Pacific, Micronesia, Fed. States KW - Sonneratia alba KW - Rhizophora KW - Sedimentation KW - Turbulence KW - Mangroves KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - Q2 09264:Sediments and sedimentation KW - Q1 08422:Environmental effects KW - O 1080:Multi-disciplinary Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18923773?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Estuarine%2C+Coastal+and+Shelf+Science&rft.atitle=Differential+rates+of+vertical+accretion+and+elevation+change+among+aerial+root+types+in+Micronesian+mangrove+forests&rft.au=Krauss%2C+K+W%3BAllen%2C+JA%3BCahoon&rft.aulast=Krauss&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=251&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Estuarine%2C+Coastal+and+Shelf+Science&rft.issn=02727714&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0272-7714%2802%2900184-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coastal erosion; Plant morphology; Mangrove swamps; Roots; Suspended particulate matter; Stabilizing; Nearshore dynamics; Accretion; Coastal currents; Coastal morphology; Sedimentation; Turbulence; Mangroves; Bruguiera gymnorrhiza; Sonneratia alba; Rhizophora; ISEW, Pacific, Micronesia, Fed. States; Brackish DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7714(02)00184-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Artificial neural networks of soil erosion and runoff prediction at the plot scale AN - 18921020; 5637597 AB - Neural networks may provide a user-friendly alternative or supplement to complex physically based models for soil erosion prediction for some study areas. The purpose of this study was to investigate the applicability of using neural networks to quantitatively predict soil loss from natural runoff plots. Data from 2879 erosion events from eight locations in the United States were used. Neural networks were developed for data from each individual site using only eight input parameters, and for the complete data set using 10 input parameters. Results indicated that the neural networks performed generally better than the WEPP model in predicting both event runoff volumes and soil loss amounts, with exception of some small events where the negative erosion predictions were not physically possible. Linear correlation coefficients (r) for the resulting predictions from the networks versus measured values were generally in the range of 0.7 to 0.9. Networks that predicted runoff and soil loss individually did not perform better than those that predicted both variables together. The type of transfer function and the number of neurons used within the neural network structure did not make a difference in the quality of the results. Soil loss was somewhat better predicted when values were processed using a natural logarithm transformation prior to network development. The results of this study suggest the possibility for using neural networks to estimate soil erosion by water at the plot scale for locations with sufficient data from prior erosion monitoring. JF - Catena AU - Licznar, P AU - Nearing, MA AD - USDA-ARS-National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory, 1196 Soil Building, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - February 2003 SP - 89 EP - 114 VL - 51 IS - 2 SN - 0341-8162, 0341-8162 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Prediction KW - USA KW - Neural Networks KW - Runoff Plot KW - Erosion Rates KW - Soil Erosion KW - Hydrologic Data KW - Runoff KW - Runoff Volume KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18921020?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Catena&rft.atitle=Artificial+neural+networks+of+soil+erosion+and+runoff+prediction+at+the+plot+scale&rft.au=Licznar%2C+P%3BNearing%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Licznar&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Catena&rft.issn=03418162&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0341-8162%2802%2900147-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prediction; Runoff Plot; Neural Networks; Erosion Rates; Soil Erosion; Hydrologic Data; Runoff; Runoff Volume; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0341-8162(02)00147-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vegetative approach for improving the quality of water produced from soils in the westside of central California AN - 18914415; 5588814 AB - Water reuse is a proposed strategy for utilizing or disposing of poor quality drainage water produced in the westside of central California. This 2-year field study evaluated the ability of two potential forage species to tolerate irrigation with water high in salinity, boron (B), and selenium (Se). The species used were: Sporobulus airoides var. salado (alkali sacaton) and Medicago sativa var. salado (alfalfa). After first year establishment with good quality water (<1 dS m super(-1)), the two species were furrow-irrigated with drainage effluent that had an average composition of sulfate-dominated salinity ((electrical conductivity (EC) of 6.2 dS m super(-1))) B (5 mg l super(-1)), and Se (0.245 mg l super(-1)). Both crops were clipped monthly from June to October of each year. Total dry matter yields averaged between 11 and 12 mg ha super(-1) for both crops irrigated with effluent for two growing seasons. Plant concentrations of Se ranged from a low of 1.3 mg kg super(-1) in alkali sacaton to a high of 2.5 mg kg super(-1) in alfalfa, while B concentrations ranged from a low of 60 mg kg super(-1) in alkali sacaton to a high of 170 mg kg super(-1) in alfalfa. Chemical composition of the soil changed as follows from preplant to post-irrigation after two seasons with drainage effluent: EC from 2.78 to 6.5 dS m super(-1), extractable B from 1.9 to 5.6 mg l super(-1), and no change in extractable Se at 0.012 mg l super(-1) between 0 and 45 cm. Between 45 and 90 cm, EC values increased from 4.95 to 6.79 dS m super(-1), extractable B from 2.5 to 4.8 mg l super(-1), and no change in extractable Se at 0.016 mg l super(-1). Increased salinity and extractable B levels in the soil indicate that management of soil salinity and B will be necessary over time to sustain long term reuse with poor quality water. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Banuelos, G S AU - Sharmarsakar, S AU - Cone, D AU - Stuhr, G AD - USDA-ARS, Water Management Research Lab., 9611 S. Riverbend, Parlier, CA 93648, USA., gbanuelos@fresno.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - February 2003 SP - 229 EP - 236 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 249 IS - 1 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water Reuse KW - Wastewater Irrigation KW - Recycling KW - Alfalfa KW - Boron KW - Crops KW - Impaired Water Use KW - Selenium KW - Salinity KW - USA, California KW - Water Potentials KW - Chemical Composition KW - Drainage Water KW - Saline Soils KW - SW 1030:Use of water of impaired quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18914415?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Vegetative+approach+for+improving+the+quality+of+water+produced+from+soils+in+the+westside+of+central+California&rft.au=Banuelos%2C+G+S%3BSharmarsakar%2C+S%3BCone%2C+D%3BStuhr%2C+G&rft.aulast=Banuelos&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=249&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water Reuse; Wastewater Irrigation; Alfalfa; Recycling; Boron; Crops; Impaired Water Use; Selenium; Salinity; Water Potentials; Drainage Water; Chemical Composition; Saline Soils; USA, California ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Implications of sodium mass balance for interpreting the calcium cycle of a forested ecosystem AN - 18902438; 5629992 AB - Disturbance of forest ecosystems, such as that caused by harvesting or acid deposition, is thought to alter the ability of the ecosystem to retain nutrients. Although many watershed studies have suggested depletion of available calcium (Ca) pools, interpretation of ecosystem Ca mass balance has been limited by the difficulty in obtaining mineral weathering flux estimates. While many studies have suggested that weathering flux is insufficient to maintain available soil pools, measurements of concomitant changes in available soil pools are rare. Here, we critically examined application of the Ca:Na ratio method in interpreting the long-term Ca budget of six northern hardwood watershed ecosystems at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, Woodstock, New Hampshire, USA. Storage of sodium (Na) in biomass and secondary minerals and on cation exchange sites was low enough so that net ecosystem Na loss was essentially equivalent to mineral weathering flux. Mineral chemistry and mass balance considerations constrained the Ca:Na ratio of weathering products to a sufficiently narrow range that spatial and temporal changes in the ecosystem Ca:Na ratio could be interpreted as changes in contribution of available Ca pools to ecosystem loss. Depletion of available Ca pools was greater in the three experimentally manipulated watersheds with aggrading biomass compared to three reference watersheds with relatively mature forest conditions. Although accelerated loss of Ca in the first few years following disturbance has been documented by prior studies, this study suggests that excess Ca loss continues for at least three decades after treatment, with no evident trend toward the conditions shown in the reference watershed. It is not likely that changes in previously quantified Ca pools account for this sustained loss, suggesting that a previously unstudied Ca pool or release mechanism may be important in ecosystem response to disturbance. Possible sources include Ca oxalate, which is known to accumulate in forest soils, but has not been considered in the context of an ecosystem mass balance. JF - Ecology AU - Bailey, S W AU - Buso, D C AU - Likens, GE AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, RR1 Box 779, Campton, New Hampshire 03223, USA Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 471 EP - 484 PB - Ecological Society of America VL - 84 IS - 2 SN - 0012-9658, 0012-9658 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Calcium KW - Temporal variations KW - Nutrient availability KW - Environmental impact KW - Forests KW - Freshwater KW - USA, New Hampshire, Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest KW - Watersheds KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - Sodium KW - Riparian environments KW - Nutrients (mineral) KW - USA, New Hampshire KW - Harvesting KW - Q1 08482:Ecosystems and energetics KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18902438?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology&rft.atitle=Implications+of+sodium+mass+balance+for+interpreting+the+calcium+cycle+of+a+forested+ecosystem&rft.au=Bailey%2C+S+W%3BBuso%2C+D+C%3BLikens%2C+GE&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=471&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecology&rft.issn=00129658&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sodium; Calcium; Temporal variations; Environmental impact; Riparian environments; Forests; Nutrients (mineral); Watersheds; Harvesting; Ecosystem disturbance; Nutrient availability; USA, New Hampshire, Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest; USA, New Hampshire; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mortality Due to Gastroenteritis of Unknown Etiology in the United States AN - 18870864; 5716354 AB - Gastroenteritis of unknown etiology (GUE) is a significant cause of mortality in the United States. In the present study, the demographic and medical characteristics of people who died of GUE were examined, using the 1995-1997 Multiple Cause of Death files to calculate GUE death rates and proportionate mortality ratios. There were 13,153 GUE deaths during the period, or similar to 4400 deaths per year. Death rates were highest among infants and elderly persons, especially nursing home residents, and increased during the winter months. Compared with all decedents, GUE decedents were more likely to have certain other medical conditions, including bacteremia, volume depletion, renal failure, and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Fatal GUE often appeared to be infectious in origin, but death certificates provide insufficient information to determine whether the causative agents were unknown or foodborne. The accuracy of GUE reporting on death certificates and the etiology of fatal GUE merit further investigation. JF - Journal of Infectious Diseases AU - Frenzen, P D AD - Economic Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA Y1 - 2003/02/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Feb 01 SP - 441 EP - 452 VL - 187 IS - 3 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - man KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02846:Gastrointestinal tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18870864?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Mortality+Due+to+Gastroenteritis+of+Unknown+Etiology+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Frenzen%2C+P+D&rft.aulast=Frenzen&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=187&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=441&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatiotemporal Variations in Soil Water: First Results from the ARM SGP CART Network AN - 18854681; 5641939 AB - A network of automated soil water and temperature systems, installed at 21 locations in Oklahoma and Kansas in 1996 and 1997, is providing hourly profiles of soil temperature and water at eight depths, from 0.05 to 1.75 m below the surface, in twin profiles 1 m apart. Dubbed the Soil Water and Temperature System (SWATS), these systems are an addition to the extended facilities of the U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program's Southern Great Plains (SGP) Cloud and Radiation Testbed (CART) site. Average spacing between SWATS systems is about 75 km. The SWATS network is one of three overlapping soil water networks in the region but is unique in depth of deployment, providing observations of available soil water through most of the rooting zone of SGP pastures and prairies. A description of the SWATS sensor and network, calibration and data verification, and example time series from the first 3 yr of operation are presented. Perusal of the time series reveals systematic spatial and seasonal variations in soil water profile characteristics. These spatiotemporal variations are interpreted as the integrated response in varying soils to antecedent soil water and recent precipitation, under varying mixes of vegetation determined by climatic gradients in precipitation, with impacts from local pasture management. JF - Journal of Hydrometeorology AU - Schneider, J M AU - Fisher, D K AU - Elliott, R L AU - Brown, GO AU - Bahrmann, C P AD - USDA ARS, 7202 W. Cheyenne St., El Reno, OK 73036, schneide@grl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 106 EP - 120 PB - American Meteorological Society VL - 4 IS - 1 SN - 1525-755X, 1525-755X KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - USA, Oklahoma KW - Soil temperature profiles KW - Soil Temperature KW - Soil moisture profiles KW - Soil moisture measurement networks KW - USA, Kansas KW - Soil Water KW - Soil Analysis KW - Precipitation KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - M2 551.525:Earth Temperature (551.525) KW - M2 551.579.5:Soil moisture, percolation (551.579.5) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18854681?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrometeorology&rft.atitle=Spatiotemporal+Variations+in+Soil+Water%3A+First+Results+from+the+ARM+SGP+CART+Network&rft.au=Schneider%2C+J+M%3BFisher%2C+D+K%3BElliott%2C+R+L%3BBrown%2C+GO%3BBahrmann%2C+C+P&rft.aulast=Schneider&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=106&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrometeorology&rft.issn=1525755X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F1525-7541%282003%29004%280106%3ASVISWF%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil temperature profiles; Soil moisture profiles; Soil moisture measurement networks; Precipitation; Soil Temperature; Soil Analysis; Soil Water; USA, Oklahoma; USA, Kansas DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1525-7541(2003)004(0106:SVISWF)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Beaver herbivory and its effect on cottonwood trees: Influence of flooding along matched regulated and unregulated rivers AN - 18843571; 5569632 AB - We compared beaver (Castor canadensis) foraging patterns on Fremont cottonwood (Populus deltoides subsp. wislizenii) saplings and the probability of saplings being cut on a 10 km reach of the flow-regulated Green River and a 8.6 km reach of the free-flowing Yampa River in northwestern Colorado. We measured the abundance and density of cottonwood on each reach and followed the fates of individually marked saplings in three patches of cottonwood on the Yampa River and two patches on the Green River. Two natural floods on the Yampa River and one controlled flood on the Green River between May 1998 and November 1999 allowed us to assess the effect of flooding on beaver herbivory. Independent of beaver herbivory, flow regulation on the Green River has caused a decrease in number of cottonwood patches per kilometre of river, area of patches per kilometre, and average stem density within cottonwood patches. The number of saplings cut per beaver colony was three times lower on the Green River than on the Yampa River but the probability of a sapling being cut by a beaver was still higher on the Green River because of lower sapling density there. Controlled flooding appeared to increase the rate of foraging on the Green River by inundating patches of cottonwood, which enhanced access by beaver. Our results suggest regulation can magnify the impact of beaver on cottonwood through interrelated effects on plant spatial distribution and cottonwood density, with the result that beaver herbivory will need to be considered in plans to enhance cottonwood populations along regulated rivers. JF - River Research and Applications AU - Breck, S W AU - Wilson, K R AU - Andersen, D C AD - National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Ave., Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA, stewart.w.breck@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 43 EP - 58 VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 1535-1459, 1535-1459 KW - American Beaver KW - Freemont Cottonwood KW - USA, Colorado, Green R. KW - USA, Colorado, Yampa R. KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Aquatic animals KW - Regulated Rivers KW - Trees KW - Floods and flooding KW - Abundance KW - Population density KW - Freshwater KW - Ecological Effects KW - Spatial Distribution KW - Beavers KW - Ecology KW - Castor canadensis KW - Beaver KW - Distribution (Mathematical) KW - Environmental effects KW - Data Collections KW - Rivers KW - Aquatic plants KW - Data collections KW - Cottonwood Trees KW - Stream flow KW - Plant Populations KW - Foraging behaviour KW - USA, Colorado KW - Herbivores KW - Flooding KW - Animal Behavior KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 4070:Ecological impact of water development KW - Q1 08422:Environmental effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18843571?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=River+Research+and+Applications&rft.atitle=Beaver+herbivory+and+its+effect+on+cottonwood+trees%3A+Influence+of+flooding+along+matched+regulated+and+unregulated+rivers&rft.au=Breck%2C+S+W%3BWilson%2C+K+R%3BAndersen%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Breck&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=River+Research+and+Applications&rft.issn=15351459&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Foraging behaviour; Aquatic animals; Herbivores; Abundance; Population density; Aquatic plants; Flooding; Environmental effects; Stream flow; Ecology; Trees; Beaver; Distribution (Mathematical); Floods and flooding; Data collections; Plant Populations; Regulated Rivers; Animal Behavior; Spatial Distribution; Cottonwood Trees; Ecological Effects; Data Collections; Beavers; Castor canadensis; USA, Colorado; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Penicillium brocae, a new species associated with the coffee berry borer in Chiapas, Mexico AN - 18824822; 5705906 AB - Penicillium brocae is a new monoverticillate species isolated from coffee berry borers collected at coffee plantations in Mexico near Cacahoatan, Chiapas, and from borers reared on artificial diets at ECOSUR laboratory facilities in Tapachula, Chiapas. Phenotypically, it is in Penicillium series Implicatum, but because it does not conform to known species we have described it as new. ITS and large subunit rDNA were sequenced and compared to determine the phylogenetic position of this species. It is most closely related to Penicillium adametzii. Penicillium brocae has only been found in association with the coffee berry borer and is one of several fungi that grow in coffee berry borer galleries. Penicillium brocae may provide the exogenous sterols necessary for the coffee berry borer's development and thus be mutualistically associated with the insect. JF - Mycologia AU - Peterson, S W AU - Perez, J AU - Vega, F E AU - Infante, F AD - Microbial Genomics and Bioprocessing Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, Illinois, USA 61604, peterssw@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 141 EP - 147 VL - 95 IS - 1 SN - 0027-5514, 0027-5514 KW - Bark beetles KW - Coleoptera KW - coffee KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Entomology Abstracts KW - K 03002:Fungi KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18824822?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycologia&rft.atitle=Penicillium+brocae%2C+a+new+species+associated+with+the+coffee+berry+borer+in+Chiapas%2C+Mexico&rft.au=Peterson%2C+S+W%3BPerez%2C+J%3BVega%2C+F+E%3BInfante%2C+F&rft.aulast=Peterson&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=141&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycologia&rft.issn=00275514&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of Corn Pollen as a Food Source for Two Tephritid Fruit Fly Species AN - 18802877; 5656155 AB - The melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) is a serious pest of cucurbit crops. Although melon fly females oviposit in cucurbit crops, both males and females are frequently associated with a range of nonhost plants, including both crops such as corn (Zea mays C. Linnaeus) and wild plants such as castor bean (Ricinus communis C. Linnaeus) that occur within the cropping area or along the crop borders. This association with nonhost plants has been used for control purposes through the technique of spraying protein baits incorporating a toxicant on these nonhost plants. Association of melon flies to corn has not been reported to be tied to any phenological stage of corn. We report field studies that show that melon flies, as well as oriental fruit flies, B. dorsalis (Hendel), may show increased population levels in corn at the time of, and subsequent to, flowering and pollen shed and suggest that this population increase may be tied to pollen consumption. Before this, pollen had not been reported to be an important food source for the tropical Bactrocera spp. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - McQuate, G T AU - Jones, G D AU - Sylva, C D Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 141 EP - 150 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 32 IS - 1 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Diptera KW - Fruit flies KW - maize KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05199:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18802877?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+Corn+Pollen+as+a+Food+Source+for+Two+Tephritid+Fruit+Fly+Species&rft.au=McQuate%2C+G+T%3BJones%2C+G+D%3BSylva%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=McQuate&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=141&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282003%29032%280141%3AAOCPAA%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2003)032(0141:AOCPAA)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fungus-Induced Biochemical Changes in Peanut Plants and Their Effect on Development of Beet Armyworm, Spodoptera Exigua Huebner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae AN - 18800793; 5656166 AB - In choice tests, beet armyworm (BAW), Spodoptera exigua , larvae feed preferentially on leaves from peanut plants, Arachis hypogaea L., previously infected by the white mold fungus, Sclerotium rolfsii Saccodes (mitosporic fungi) . In this study we determined that third instar BAW caterpillars allowed to feed on S. rolfsii -infected plants had significantly higher survival, produced significantly heavier pupae, and had shorter time to pupation than those allowed to feed on healthy plants. Leaf tissue from white mold infected peanut plants contained similar levels of soluble and insoluble protein, but significantly higher levels of soluble sugars. In addition, white mold-infected plants had significantly lower starch content and total soluble phenolics compared with leaves from healthy plants. Levels of jasmonic acid were similar in plants attacked by either the fungus or BAW, but were significantly higher in plants that were infected by the fungus and then fed on by BAW. Salicylic acid (SA) levels in fungus-infected plants were not significantly different from those of control plants. However, levels of SA in plants damaged by BAW alone were significantly lower than those of plants under simultaneous attack by the fungus and BAW. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Cardoza, Y J AU - Lait, C G AU - Schmelz, E A AU - Huang, J AU - Tumlinson, J H AD - Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0620, jtumlinson@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 220 EP - 228 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 32 IS - 1 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Beet armyworm KW - Lepidoptera KW - Noctuid moths KW - larvae KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01027:Fruit trees KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05199:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18800793?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Fungus-Induced+Biochemical+Changes+in+Peanut+Plants+and+Their+Effect+on+Development+of+Beet+Armyworm%2C+Spodoptera+Exigua+Huebner+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+Larvae&rft.au=Cardoza%2C+Y+J%3BLait%2C+C+G%3BSchmelz%2C+E+A%3BHuang%2C+J%3BTumlinson%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Cardoza&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=220&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282003%29032%280220%3AFIBCIP%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2003)032(0220:FIBCIP)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Emergence of Overwintered Boll Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Relation to Microclimatic Factors AN - 18797901; 5656154 AB - The boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, enters a diapause state to survive winters in temperate regions and subsequently emerges from overwintering habitats to infest squaring cotton in the spring. Previous research has found that boll weevil overwintering emergence is closely associated with climatic patterns of temperature and precipitation. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of temperature, humidity, and other meteorological factors on the temporal pattern of boll weevil emergence, and to compare the physiological and morphological conditions of emerged and trapped weevils. Emergence cages were infested with diapausing weevils in the fall. Daily emergence and microclimatic conditions of the leaf litter and air were monitored until the subsequent summer. Air temperature and relative humidity, incident solar radiation, and precipitation were significantly greater on emergence dates than on dates with no emergence. Emerged and trapped weevils were dissected to assess their morphology. Emerged weevils tended to exhibit greater fat body development, a higher frequency of testicular atrophy, and less ovary development than trapped weevils. None of the emerged weevils were rated extra lean and no trapped weevils were rated fat. These results are consistent with previously-reported effects of climatic factors on weevil emergence in other areas of the Cotton Belt, and add new information about the physiological and morphological characteristics of emerged weevils. This information on the dynamics and mechanisms of overwintering provides insight that should be helpful in formulating improved predictive models, risk assessments, and management strategies for the boll weevil. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Westbrook, J K AU - Spurgeon, D W AU - Eyster, R S AU - Schleider, P G AD - Areawide Pest Management Research Unit, USDA-ARS, SPARC, 2771 F & B Road, College Station, TX 77845-4966 Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 133 EP - 140 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 32 IS - 1 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Coleoptera KW - Weevils KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18797901?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Emergence+of+Overwintered+Boll+Weevils+%28Coleoptera%3A+Curculionidae%29+in+Relation+to+Microclimatic+Factors&rft.au=Westbrook%2C+J+K%3BSpurgeon%2C+D+W%3BEyster%2C+R+S%3BSchleider%2C+P+G&rft.aulast=Westbrook&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282003%29032%280133%3AEOOBWC%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2003)032(0133:EOOBWC)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biology, Rearing, and Preliminary Evaluation of Host Range of Two Potential Biological Control Agents for Mile-a-Minute Weed, Polygonum Perfoliatum L. AN - 18794536; 5656167 AB - Basic biology and rearing methods were determined for Timandra griseata Peterson (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) and Homorosoma chinensis Wagner (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), two potential biological control agents of mile-a-minute weed (Polygonum perfoliatum L., Polygonaceae). Both species also were tested for their ability to feed and develop on crop plants in the family Polygonaceae. T. griseata defoliated potted mile-a-minute weed, developing from egg to adult in approximately 26 d. However, T. griseata also fed and developed on common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) and tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tartaricum Gaertn), and accepted these species and mile-a-minute weed equally in choice tests. Thus, the host range of T. griseata appears to be too broad for it to be considered for release in the United States. Homorosoma chinensis had a relatively high reproductive rate and short generation time on potted mile-a-minute weed. Internal feeding by H. chinensis larvae caused mortality of entire stems. Adult weevils fed on foliage of common buckwheat and rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum L.) when given no choice during an 8-wk test period, but laid no eggs on these hosts. In the same test, an average of over 130 eggs per female was laid on mile-a-minute weed. Newly emerged H. chinensis adults strongly preferred mile-a-minute weed to buckwheat and rhubarb in a choice test, and neonate larvae placed on buckwheat and rhubarb all died within 24 h. Thus, H. chinensis may be host specific to mile-a-minute weed, but further testing must be conducted on other potential host plants before release in the United States can be recommended. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Price, D L AU - Hough-Goldstein, J AU - Smith, M T AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Beneficial Insect Introduction Research Unit, Newark, DE 19716 Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 229 EP - 236 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 32 IS - 1 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Coleoptera KW - Curculionidae KW - Geometridae KW - Lepidoptera KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18794536?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Biology%2C+Rearing%2C+and+Preliminary+Evaluation+of+Host+Range+of+Two+Potential+Biological+Control+Agents+for+Mile-a-Minute+Weed%2C+Polygonum+Perfoliatum+L.&rft.au=Price%2C+D+L%3BHough-Goldstein%2C+J%3BSmith%2C+M+T&rft.aulast=Price&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282003%29032%280229%3ABRAPEO%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2003)032(0229:BRAPEO)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Weeds on Selected Arthropod Herbivore and Natural Enemy Populations, and on Cotton Growth and Yield AN - 18785565; 5656170 AB - Vegetative diversification with weeds can enhance natural enemy populations and suppress pest-related damage in various crops. Weedy and weed-free cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plots were used to study the effects of weediness on selected herbivorous arthropod groups, including the boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman), and natural enemies, boll weevil-induced injury to cotton squares, and cotton plant growth and yield in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas, during 2000 and 2001. The presence of weeds was associated with greater populations of 9 of the 11 prey arthropod groups, and 9 of the 13 natural enemy arthropod groups counted in this study. These trends were mostly evident late in the season when weed biomass was greatest. Weed-free cotton harbored more cotton aphids (Aphis gossypii Glover), early in the season and silverleaf whiteflies (Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring) later in the season than weedy cotton on some of the sampling dates. Diversity (Shannon's index) within the selected arthropod groups counted in this study was significantly greater in dvac samples from the weed foliage than from weed-free cotton plants during both years, and diversity on weedy cotton plants was greater than on weed-free cotton plants during 2000. Boll weevil oviposition injury to squares was unaffected by weeds, but the higher weed-associated predator populations mainly occurred after most squares had become less vulnerable bolls. Weed competition resulted in lower lint yields of 89% and 32% in the 2 yr. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Showler, A T AU - Greenberg, S M AD - USDA-ARS SARC, 2413 East Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 39 EP - 50 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 32 IS - 1 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Coleoptera KW - Weevils KW - boll weevil KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18785565?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Weeds+on+Selected+Arthropod+Herbivore+and+Natural+Enemy+Populations%2C+and+on+Cotton+Growth+and+Yield&rft.au=Showler%2C+A+T%3BGreenberg%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Showler&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282003%29032%280039%3AEOWOSA%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2003)032(0039:EOWOSA)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Media and Fermentation Processes for the Rapid Production of High Concentrations of Stable Blastospores of the Bioinsecticidal Fungus Paecilomyces fumosoroseus AN - 18775576; 5635512 AB - In shake flask and fermentor studies, various media components and culture inocula were tested to improve P. fumosoroseus spore production rates, yield and stability. To evaluate inoculum potential and inoculum scale-up for fermentor studies, conidia and liquid culture-produced spores of various strains of P. fumosoroseus were compared as inoculum. Inoculation of liquid cultures with blastospores at concentrations of at least 1 x 10 super(6) spores mL super(-1) resulted in the rapid production of high concentrations of blastospores ( similar to 1 x 10 super(9) spores mL super(-1), 48 h fermentation time) for all strains tested. The rapid germination rate of blastospores (90% after 6 h incubation) compared to conidia (> 90% after 16 h incubation) and the use of higher inoculum rates reduced the fermentation time from 96 to 48 h for maximal spore yields. A comparison of various complex nitrogen sources showed that liquid media supplemented with acid hydrolyzed casein or yeast extract supported the production of high concentrations of blastospores that were significantly more desiccation-tolerant (79-82% survival after drying) when compared to blastospores produced in media supplemented with other nitrogen sources (12-50% survival after drying). For rapid spore production, requirements for trace metals and vitamin supplementation were dependent on the type of hydrolyzed casein used in the medium. Fermentor studies with two strains of P. fumosoroseus showed that high concentrations (1.3-1.8 x 10 super(9) spores mL super(-1)) of desiccation-tolerant blastospores could be produced in 48-h fermentations. These studies have demonstrated that the infective spores of various strains of the fungal bioinsecticide Paecilomyces fumosoroseus can be rapidly produced using deep-tank, liquid culture fermentation techniques. JF - Biocontrol Science and Technology AU - Jackson, MA AU - Cliquet, S AU - Iten, L B AD - National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA, jacksoma@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 23 EP - 33 VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 0958-3157, 0958-3157 KW - blastospores KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - K 03069:Fungi KW - A 01015:Fermentation & related processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18775576?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Media+and+Fermentation+Processes+for+the+Rapid+Production+of+High+Concentrations+of+Stable+Blastospores+of+the+Bioinsecticidal+Fungus+Paecilomyces+fumosoroseus&rft.au=Jackson%2C+MA%3BCliquet%2C+S%3BIten%2C+L+B&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=09583157&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F0958315021000054368 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0958315021000054368 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal Dispersal Patterns of Frankliniella Fusca (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Occurrence in Central and Eastern North Carolina AN - 18768449; 5631313 AB - The seasonal abundance and temporal pattern of Frankliniella fusca Hinds dispersal were monitored from 1996 to 2000 at 12 locations in central and eastern North Carolina. The predominant vector species of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) captured across all locations was F. fusca (98%). The temporal patterns of F. fusca dispersal observed during spring seasons varied among locations in all years except 2000. Regression analysis estimated that times of first flight in the spring seasons varied among locations, whereas flight duration intervals were similar. Temporal patterns of F. fusca captured varied significantly between aerial traps placed 0.1 and 1.0 m above the soil surface. Fewer total thrips were captured at 0.1 m, although thrips dispersal occurred earlier and over a greater time interval compared with 1.0-m traps. Temporal patterns of TSWV occurrence differed among locations in the spring seasons of 1999 and 2000, whereas patterns of virus occurrence were similar during the fall seasons. Patterns of F. fusca dispersal and subsequent TSWV occurrence were synchronous at locations in 1999 and 2000 where the greatest number of TSWV lesions was recorded. Knowledge of the temporal patterns of F. fusca dispersal and TSWV occurrence may be a useful indicator for describing the time when susceptible crops are at highest risk of TSWV infection. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Groves, R L AU - Walgenbach, J F AU - Moyer, J W AU - Kennedy, G G AD - USDA-ARS SJVASC San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, 9611 S. Riverbend Avenue, Parlier, CA 93648 Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 96 IS - 1 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Common thrips KW - Thysanoptera KW - Tobacco thrips KW - tomato KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - A 01028:Others KW - Z 05204:Dispersal & migration KW - Y 25503:Insects KW - V 22186:Transmission UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18768449?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Seasonal+Dispersal+Patterns+of+Frankliniella+Fusca+%28Thysanoptera%3A+Thripidae%29+and+Tomato+Spotted+Wilt+Virus+Occurrence+in+Central+and+Eastern+North+Carolina&rft.au=Groves%2C+R+L%3BWalgenbach%2C+J+F%3BMoyer%2C+J+W%3BKennedy%2C+G+G&rft.aulast=Groves&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-0493%282003%29096%280001%3ASDPOFF%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-0493(2003)096(0001:SDPOFF)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of host responses to Magnaporthe grisea on detached rice leaves using a spot inoculation method AN - 18764531; 5636615 AB - Through the use of standard assays, where conidia of the pathogen Magnaporthe grisea are sprayed onto rice, it is impossible to determine the exact number of conidia in any given area and to predict the locations of disease lesions in the rice blast system. To develop a localized, quantitative inoculation of M. grisea, a novel spot method was investigated. Serially diluted Tween 20 was added to M. grisea conidial suspensions in 0.25% (wt/vol) gelatin to promote adherence of conidia on detached rice leaves. Standard assays indicated no deleterious effects of Tween 20 to rice blast development and 0.02% (vol/vol) Tween 20 was necessary for promoting adherence of spore suspensions to the detached leaves. The spot method was evaluated using three well-characterized races of M. grisea and confirmed with standard assays. Disease reactions of rice to four predominant races of M. grisea were tested concurrently using the spot method and standard assays. Successful application of this assay will help identify novel sources of rice blast resistance and evaluate virulence of M. grisea to aid in breeding resistance to rice blast. JF - Plant Disease AU - Jia, Y AU - Valent, B AU - Lee, F N AD - Research Molecular Plant Pathologist, Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Stuttgart, AR 72160, USA, yjia@spa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 129 EP - 133 VL - 87 IS - 2 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Tween 20 KW - rice KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18764531?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Determination+of+host+responses+to+Magnaporthe+grisea+on+detached+rice+leaves+using+a+spot+inoculation+method&rft.au=Jia%2C+Y%3BValent%2C+B%3BLee%2C+F+N&rft.aulast=Jia&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of soybean resistance to sclerotinia stem rot using reciprocal grafting AN - 18761786; 5636620 AB - Sclerotinia stem rot of soybean is one of the major soybean diseases in the north central region of the United States. One disease management option is to plant cultivars that have resistance. Some sources of partial resistance have been identified, but information pertaining to the nature of resistance is limited. The objective of this study was to determine if the expression of resistance is dictated by shoots of resistant plants and if this can be altered by using resistant and susceptible soybean genotypes grafted in different shoot and rootstock combinations of self-, single-, or double-shoot grafts. After successful grafts were made, several experiments were conducted using different inoculation techniques and soybean genotypes. In one experiment, cotyledons were inoculated with a plug of fungal mycelium, plants were incubated in a mist chamber for 23 h, and plant survival was recorded over time. Based on seven grafting combinations of cross- and self-grafted plants using two soybean cultivars, grafts with NKS19-90 (partially resistant) as shoots had greater (P less than or equal to 0.05) plant survival at 3, 4, and 5 days after inoculation than the other graft combinations. In another experiment, a total of 17 graft combinations were generated using resistant plant introductions and two susceptible cultivars. Resistant self-grafts of the plant introductions had greater (P less than or equal to 0.05) plant survival (mean = 75%) than self-grafts of the susceptible cultivars (mean = 15%) at 5 days after inoculation. Inter-genotypic grafts with resistant shoots had greater (P less than or equal to 0.05) plant survival (mean = 65%) than those in reciprocal combinations (mean = 8%) 5 days after inoculation. A cut stem inoculation method was used to test graft combinations of one resistant and two susceptible cultivars. Grafts with susceptible shoots of cvs. Williams 82 and Asgrow 2242 had greater (P less than or equal to 0.05) lesion lengths (mean = 13.2 cm) than shoots of NKS19-90 (mean = 9.2 cm) regardless of the rootstock 15 days after inoculation. In a double-graft experiment, shoots of both NKS19-90 and Williams 82 were grafted to either NKS19-90 or Williams 82 rootstocks. Regardless of the rootstock, the shoots of Williams 82 died while shoots of NKS19-90 survived. For all the experiments, resistance was greater when the grafted shoot came from a resistant source on a susceptible rootstock compared with the reciprocal combination regardless of the type of grafting technique or inoculation method. JF - Plant Disease AU - Vuong, T D AU - Hartman, G L AD - Research Plant Pathologist, USDA-ARS and Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, 1101 W. Peabody Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA, ghartman@uiuc.edu Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 154 EP - 158 VL - 87 IS - 2 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18761786?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+soybean+resistance+to+sclerotinia+stem+rot+using+reciprocal+grafting&rft.au=Vuong%2C+T+D%3BHartman%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Vuong&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=154&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation and characterization of a carmo-like virus from Calibrachoa plants AN - 18758297; 5636623 AB - Spherical virus particles approximately 29 to 31 nm in diameter were isolated from Calibrachoa plants showing leaf mottling and chlorotic blotch symptoms. The virus was mechanically transmitted to Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. capitatum, C. quinoa, Nicotiana benthamiana, and N. clevelandii plants, but was not transmitted by green peach aphid (Myzus persicae), sweet potato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci), silverleaf whitefly (B. argentifolii), greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporarium), or banded-wing whitefly (T. abutilonea). Virions contained a single species of single-stranded RNA of approximately 4.0 kb and a single capsid protein of approximately 41 kDa. The double-stranded (ds)RNA pattern consistently revealed one major band of about 4.0 kbp, and three minor dsRNA of approximately 3.1, 1.6, and 1.3 kbp. The virus-infected plants reacted with a homologous polyclonal antiserum in indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The genome contained a sequence of a highly conserved motif of the RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase associated with the genus Carmovirus, and shared 94% identity with Carnation mottle virus (CarMV). However, the Calibrachoa virus and CarMV were distinct serologically and in host range. Based on the host ranges, particle morphology, dsRNA profile, properties of particles in sap, and features of the genome and protein, we concluded that the recently observed Calibrachoa disease is caused by a previously undescribed carmovirus on Calibrachoa plants. We propose to name this virus Calibrachoa mottle virus (CbMV). JF - Plant Disease AU - Liu, H-Y AU - Sears, J L AU - Morrison, R H AD - USDA-ARS, Salinas, CA 93905, USA, hliu@pw.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 167 EP - 171 VL - 87 IS - 2 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - mottling KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01028:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18758297?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Isolation+and+characterization+of+a+carmo-like+virus+from+Calibrachoa+plants&rft.au=Liu%2C+H-Y%3BSears%2C+J+L%3BMorrison%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=H-Y&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - White-tailed deer impact on the vegetation dynamics of a Northern hardwood forest AN - 18752841; 5626304 AB - Considerable controversy has arisen over the management of white-tailed deer in eastern landscapes where there is evidence of damage to forest vegetation, crops, and wildlife habitat attributable to deer. We examined the impact of 4, 8, 15, and 25 deer/km super(2) on herbaceous layer abundance and tree seedling density, height development, species composition, and diversity for 10 yr in a repeated-measures randomized-complete-block experiment at four replicate cherry-maple forest sites in northwestern Pennsylvania, USA. At each 65-ha site, deer were placed in 13- or 26-ha fenced enclosures in which the landscape composition and forage production of a forest managed on a 100-yr rotation was simulated by clear-cutting 10% of each area and thinning 30%. Vegetation was sampled 0-1, 3, 5, and 10 yr after treatment (YAT). We analyzed vegetative treatment responses separately in each silvicultural treatment. Time was an important factor mediating responses at all deer densities. Rubus spp. abundance in all silvicultural treatments and the density of striped maple (STM) in clearcuts and birch (BI), American beech (AB), and red maple (RM) in thinnings showed negative trends with increasing deer density. As deer density increased, we found negative linear trends in the height of BI, RM, and AB in clearcuts; in the height of AB, RM, and STM in thinnings; and in the height of AB and RM in uncut stands. Species richness showed a negative linear trend with increasing deer density in all silvicultural treatments. Conversely, species avoided by deer or resilient to deer browsing increased with increasing deer density. Percent cover of ferns, grasses, and sedges showed positive linear trends with deer density in clearcuts and in thinnings. The percentage of plots dominated by black cherry (BC) increased with increasing deer density in cut and uncut stands. The net result of increased deer impact was an altered trajectory of vegetation development dominated by species avoided by deer or resilient to deer browsing. Negative effects on vegetation became significant at deer impact levels well below those observed in many eastern forests. Moreover, species not browsed or resilient to browsing may have indirect effects on vegetation development through plant-plant interactions and on wildlife habitat quality for small mammals, birds, and deer. Managing these impacts is important as pressures to harvest and fragment eastern forests accelerate. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Horsley, S B AU - Stout, S L AU - DeCalesta, D S AD - USDA Forest Service Northeastern Research Station, Warren, Pennsylvania 16365, USA Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 98 EP - 118 PB - Ecological Society of America VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - White-tailed deer KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18752841?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=White-tailed+deer+impact+on+the+vegetation+dynamics+of+a+Northern+hardwood+forest&rft.au=Horsley%2C+S+B%3BStout%2C+S+L%3BDeCalesta%2C+D+S&rft.aulast=Horsley&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=98&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Electroporation and stable maintenance of plasmid DNAs in a biocontrol strain of Pseudomonas syringae AN - 18722799; 5604984 AB - Transformation efficiencies as high as 10 super(7) transformants mu g super(-1) DNA have been previously reported for pseudomonads using electroporation protocols established for E. coli with plasmid DNAs prepared from methylation proficient E. coli hosts. We report here a protocol for electroporation of plasmid DNAs into a biocontrol strain of Pseudomonas syringae which could not be electroporated by standard E. coli methods. Transformation efficiencies of 10 super(7) or higher were obtained with DNA recovered from initial P. syringae transformation or with DNA prepared from methylation deficient E. coli. Both plasmids used in this study were stably maintained in the absence of selection for at least 50 generations. JF - Biotechnology Letters AU - Bassett, CL AU - Janisiewicz, W J AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 45 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA, cbassett@afrs.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/02/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Feb 01 SP - 199 EP - 203 VL - 25 IS - 3 SN - 0141-5492, 0141-5492 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - W2 32060:Microorganisms KW - A 01012:Nucleic acids & metabolites KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 310:Agricultural Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18722799?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.atitle=Electroporation+and+stable+maintenance+of+plasmid+DNAs+in+a+biocontrol+strain+of+Pseudomonas+syringae&rft.au=Bassett%2C+CL%3BJanisiewicz%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Bassett&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.issn=01415492&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production of acetic acid by Dekkera/Brettanomyces yeasts under conditions of constant pH AN - 18719083; 5607178 AB - Sixty yeast strains were previously screened for their ability to produce acetic acid, in shaken flask batch culture, from either glucose or ethanol. Seven of the strains belonging to the Brettanomyces and Dekkera genera, from the ARS Culture Collection, Peoria, IL, were further evaluated for acetic acid production in bioreactor batch culture at 28 degree C, constant aeration (0.75 v/v/m) and pH (6.5). The medium contained either 100 g glucose/l or 35 g ethanol/l as the carbon/energy source. Dekkera intermedia NRRL YB-4553 produced 42.8 and 14.9 g acetic acid/l from the two carbon sources, respectively, after 64.5 h. The optimal pH was determined to be 5.5. When the initial glucose concentration was 150 or 200 g/l, the yeast produced 57.5 and 65.1 g acetic acid/l, respectively. JF - World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Freer, S N AU - Dien, B AU - Matsuda, S AD - Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA, freersn@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 101 EP - 105 VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0959-3993, 0959-3993 KW - acetic acid KW - ethanol KW - glucose KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - A 01002:Acids, amino acids, peptides & proteins KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 320:Cell Culture & Batch Fermentation KW - W2 32360:Organic acids KW - K 03060:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18719083?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Journal+of+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Production+of+acetic+acid+by+Dekkera%2FBrettanomyces+yeasts+under+conditions+of+constant+pH&rft.au=Freer%2C+S+N%3BDien%2C+B%3BMatsuda%2C+S&rft.aulast=Freer&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=World+Journal+of+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=09593993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Campylobacter spp. in Icelandic poultry operations and human disease AN - 18715653; 5591186 AB - We describe the observed relationship of campylobacter in poultry operations to human cases in a closed environment. During 1999 in Iceland, domestic cases of campylobacteriosis reached peak levels at 116/100 000 and in 2000 dropped to 33/100 000. Approximately 62% of broiler carcass rinses were contaminated with Campylobacter spp. in 1999. During 2000, only 15% of the broiler flocks tested Campylobacter spp. positive. In 2000, carcasses from flocks which tested positive on the farms at 4 weeks of age were subsequently frozen prior to distribution. We suggest that public education, enhanced on-farm biological security measures, carcass freezing and other unidentified factors, such as variations in weather, contributed to the large reduction in poultry-borne campylobacteriosis. There is no immediate basis for assigning credit to any specific intervention. We continue to seek additional information to understand the decline in campylobacteriosis and to create a risk assessment model for Campylobacter spp. transmission through this well defined system. JF - Epidemiology and Infection AU - Stern, N J AU - Hiett, K L AU - Alfredsson, G A AU - Kristinsson, K G AU - Reiersen, J AU - Hardardottir, H AU - Briem, H AU - Gunnarsson, E AU - Georgsson, F AU - Lowman, R AU - Berndtson, E AU - Lammerding, A M AU - Paoli, G M AU - Musgrove, M T AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service; Poultry Microbiological Safety Research Unit, 950 College Station Rd., Athens, GA, USA 30604-5677 Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 23 EP - 32 VL - 130 IS - 1 SN - 0950-2688, 0950-2688 KW - abattoirs KW - poultry KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18715653?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Epidemiology+and+Infection&rft.atitle=Campylobacter+spp.+in+Icelandic+poultry+operations+and+human+disease&rft.au=Stern%2C+N+J%3BHiett%2C+K+L%3BAlfredsson%2C+G+A%3BKristinsson%2C+K+G%3BReiersen%2C+J%3BHardardottir%2C+H%3BBriem%2C+H%3BGunnarsson%2C+E%3BGeorgsson%2C+F%3BLowman%2C+R%3BBerndtson%2C+E%3BLammerding%2C+A+M%3BPaoli%2C+G+M%3BMusgrove%2C+M+T&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=130&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Epidemiology+and+Infection&rft.issn=09502688&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017%2FS0950268802007914 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0950268802007914 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Proton alleviation of growth inhibition by toxic metals (Al, La, Cu) in rhizobia AN - 18687444; 5585859 AB - Free-living rhizobia are sensitive to soils and artificial media that are acidic. Both excessive H super(+) and Al released from acid-soluble minerals appear to be toxic. The complex, heterotrophic nutrient requirements of rhizobia and the joint occurrence of Al super(3+) and hydroxo-, sulphato-, phosphato-, fluoro-, and other Al species have prevented a precise attribution of toxicity to the Al species. In the present study, a medium composed of 0.3 mM MgSO sub(4), 2 mM CaCl sub(2), and 10 mM sucrose (the basal medium) enabled a 1000-fold cell increase at pH 4.6 or above. Additions of 1 mu M AlCl sub(3) to the basal medium were highly intoxicating, especially at higher pH: below pH 5.0 cell numbers increased slightly; at pH 5.0 cell numbers did not change from the inoculum; at higher pH values the cell numbers declined. Similar trends were observed for La super(3+) and Cu super(2+) intoxication. Uptake of methylene blue, a positively charged dye useful as a probe of cell-surface electrical potential, was inhibited by pH reductions between pH 3.5 and 6.0. Factors that decrease cell- surface negativity (such as lower pH) reduce the intoxication by cations in plant roots, but the pH responsiveness of the rhizobia in our system was much greater than the pH responsiveness of plants. Although plant-root intoxication by mononuclear hydroxo-Al species has been discounted, rhizobia may be sensitive to those species. These results have implications for the management of rhizobia in acidic soils and for the development of resistant strains. JF - Soil Biology and Biochemistry AU - Kinraide, T B AU - Sweeney, B K AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Appalachian Farming Systems Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, 1224 Airport Road, Beaver, WV 25813-9423, USA, tkinraide@afsrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 199 EP - 205 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd. VL - 35 IS - 2 SN - 0038-0717, 0038-0717 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01055:Other soil treatments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18687444?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Proton+alleviation+of+growth+inhibition+by+toxic+metals+%28Al%2C+La%2C+Cu%29+in+rhizobia&rft.au=Kinraide%2C+T+B%3BSweeney%2C+B+K&rft.aulast=Kinraide&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00380717&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0038-0717%2802%2900246-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(02)00246-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of the antibiotic ionophores monensin, lasalocid, laidlomycin propionate and bambermycin on Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 in vitro AN - 18679405; 5570962 AB - To examine the effects of ionophores on Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in pure and mixed ruminal fluid cultures. Four Salmonella serotypes (Dublin, Derby, Typhimurium, and Enteriditis) and two strains of E. coli O157:H7 (ATCC 43895 and FDIU 6058) were cultured in the presence of varying concentrations of ionophores (monensin, lasalocid, laidlomycin propionate, and bambermycin) in pure and mixed ruminal fluid cultures. Bacterial growth rates in pure culture were not affected (P > 0.10) by ionophores at concentrations up to 10 times the approximate rumen ionophore concentration under normal feeding regimens. Likewise, ionophores had no effect (P > 0.10) on Salmonella or E. coli CFU plated from 24-h ruminal fluid incubations. Ionophore treatment decreased (P < 0.01) the acetate : propionate ratio in ruminal fluid cultures as expected. Ionophores had no effect on the foodborne pathogens Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 in vitro. The results suggest that ionophore feeding would have little or no effect on Salmonella or E. coli populations in the ruminant. JF - Journal of Applied Microbiology AU - Edrington, T AU - Callaway, T AU - Varey, P AU - Jung, Y AU - Bischoff, K AU - Elder, R AU - Anderson, R AU - Kutter, E AU - Brabban, A AU - Nisbet, D AD - Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, USDA, ARS, College Station, TX, USA and The Evergreen State College, Olympia, WA, USA, edrington@ffsru.tamu.edu Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 207 EP - 213 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 94 IS - 2 SN - 1364-5072, 1364-5072 KW - bambermycin KW - laidlomycin propionate KW - lasalocid KW - monensin KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18679405?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+the+antibiotic+ionophores+monensin%2C+lasalocid%2C+laidlomycin+propionate+and+bambermycin+on+Salmonella+and+E.+coli+O157%3AH7+in+vitro&rft.au=Edrington%2C+T%3BCallaway%2C+T%3BVarey%2C+P%3BJung%2C+Y%3BBischoff%2C+K%3BElder%2C+R%3BAnderson%2C+R%3BKutter%2C+E%3BBrabban%2C+A%3BNisbet%2C+D&rft.aulast=Edrington&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=207&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=13645072&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2672.2003.01822.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.01822.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Powdery Mildew-Induced Mla mRNAs Are Alternatively Spliced and Contain Multiple Upstream Open Reading Frames AN - 18674637; 5568309 AB - In barley (Hordeum vulgare), the Mla13 powdery mildew resistance gene confers Rar1-dependent, AvrMla13-specific resistance to Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh). We have identified cDNA and genomic copies of Mla13 and used this coiled-coil nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat protein-encoding gene as a model for the regulation of host resistance to obligate biotrophic fungi in cereals. We demonstrate quantitatively that a rapid increase in the accumulation of Mla transcripts and transcripts of the Mla-signaling genes, Rar1 and Sgt1, is triggered between 16 and 20 h post inoculation, the same time frame that haustoria of avirulent Bgh make contact with the host cell plasma membrane. An abundance of Mla13 cDNAs revealed five classes of transcript leader regions containing two alternatively spliced introns and up to three upstream open reading frames (uORFs). Alternative splicing of introns in the transcript leader region results in a different number of uORFs and variability in the size of uORF2. These results indicate that regulation of Mla transcript accumulation is not constitutive and that induction is coordinately controlled by recognition-specific factors. The sudden increase in specific transcript levels could account for the rapid defense response phenotype conferred by Mla6 and Mla13. JF - Plant Physiology AU - Halterman, DA AU - Wei, F AU - Wise, R P AD - Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, rpwise@iastate.edu Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 558 EP - 567 VL - 131 IS - 2 SN - 0032-0889, 0032-0889 KW - Barley KW - Mla13 gene KW - Mla6 gene KW - Rar1 gene KW - Sgt gene KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - G 07358:Monocotyledons (crops) KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18674637?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Physiology&rft.atitle=Powdery+Mildew-Induced+Mla+mRNAs+Are+Alternatively+Spliced+and+Contain+Multiple+Upstream+Open+Reading+Frames&rft.au=Halterman%2C+DA%3BWei%2C+F%3BWise%2C+R+P&rft.aulast=Halterman&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=131&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=558&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Physiology&rft.issn=00320889&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tracing the geographical origin of Megastigmus transvaalensis (Hymenoptera: Torymidae): an African wasp feeding on a South American plant in North America AN - 18674049; 5570865 AB - Determining the geographical origin of an introduced organism can be critical to understanding or managing a non-native species, but is often difficult when the organism is small or inconspicuous. We used a phylogeographical approach to identify the region of endemism and determine the geographical origin of world populations of the seed-feeding wasp Megastigmus transvaalensis (Hussey). This wasp feeds on African Rhus species and South American Schinus species in various locations around the world. Because it is present both in Africa and in South America, it is unclear whether the wasp was originally an African Rhus-feeder that has begun feeding on Schinus or a South American Schinus-feeder that has started feeding on Rhus. Phylogenetic analysis of 800 bp of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I sequence data found extensive variation and phylogeographical structure within African M. transvaalensis. Specimens from other locations around the world were all identical in COI sequence and were phylogenetically nested within the African samples. We conclude that M. transvaalensis was originally an African Rhus-feeder that readily attacks Schinus. We evaluate potential pathways of introduction of this wasp to the New World, and we discuss implications of our results for biocontrol efforts against invasive Schinus populations. JF - Molecular Ecology AU - Scheffer, S J AU - Grissell, EE AD - Systematic Entomology Laboratory PSI, ARS, USDA, Bld. 005, Rm. 137, BARC-W 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, PSI, ARS, USDA, c/o National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20560-0168, USA, sscheffe@sel.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 415 EP - 421 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 0962-1083, 0962-1083 KW - Phylogeography KW - Sumac KW - Torymid wasps KW - Torymids KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - G 07366:Insects/arachnids KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05220:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18674049?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Ecology&rft.atitle=Tracing+the+geographical+origin+of+Megastigmus+transvaalensis+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Torymidae%29%3A+an+African+wasp+feeding+on+a+South+American+plant+in+North+America&rft.au=Scheffer%2C+S+J%3BGrissell%2C+EE&rft.aulast=Scheffer&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=415&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Ecology&rft.issn=09621083&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-294X.2003.01725.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01725.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - REPORT: The Allee effect, stochastic dynamics and the eradication of alien species AN - 18671884; 5571000 AB - Previous treatments of the population biology of eradication have assumed that eradication can only be achieved via 100% removal of the alien population. However, this assumption appears to be incorrect because stochastic dynamics and the Allee effect typically contribute to the extinction of very low-density populations. We explore a model that incorporates Allee dynamics and stochasticity to observe how these two processes contribute to the extinction of isolated populations following eradication treatments of varying strength (percentage mortality). As a case study, we used historical data on the dynamics of isolated gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, populations to fit parameters to this model. The parameterized model was then used in simulations that evaluated the efficacy of various eradication strategies. The results indicated that eradication of isolated gypsy moth populations could be easily achieved following a treatment of >80% mortality as long as populations were relatively low (indicated by <100 males captured in pheromone traps). JF - Ecology Letters AU - Liebhold, A AU - Bascompte, J AD - Northeastern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 180 Canfield St., Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, aliebhold@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 133 EP - 140 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 6 IS - 2 SN - 1461-023X, 1461-023X KW - Gypsy Moth KW - Lepidoptera KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18671884?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology+Letters&rft.atitle=REPORT%3A+The+Allee+effect%2C+stochastic+dynamics+and+the+eradication+of+alien+species&rft.au=Liebhold%2C+A%3BBascompte%2C+J&rft.aulast=Liebhold&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecology+Letters&rft.issn=1461023X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1461-0248.2003.00405.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00405.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Serotyping of Listeria monocytogenes by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Identification of Mixed-Serotype Cultures by Colony Immunoblotting AN - 18670458; 5563624 AB - Routine analysis of Listeria monocytogenes by serotyping using traditional agglutination methods is limited in use because of the expense and limited availability of commercially prepared antisera and intra- and interlaboratory discrepancies arising from differences in antiserum preparation and visual determination of agglutination. We have adapted a commercially available set of L. monocytogenes antisera to an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) format for high-throughput, low-cost serotype determination. Rather than subjective visualization of agglutination, positive antigen and antiserum reactions were scored by a quantitative, colorimetric reaction. ELISA serotyping of 89 of 101 L. monocytogenes isolates agreed with slide agglutination serotyping data, and 100 previously uncharacterized isolates were serotyped unambiguously by the ELISA method. In addition, mixed-serotype cultures of L. monocytogenes were identified by a colony immunoblot procedure, in which serogroup 1/2 and serogroup 4 colonies were discriminated by differential staining. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Palumbo, J D AU - Borucki, M K AU - Mandrell, R E AU - Gorski, L AD - USDA/ARS, WRRC, Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, lgorski@pw.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 564 EP - 571 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 41 IS - 2 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18670458?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Serotyping+of+Listeria+monocytogenes+by+Enzyme-Linked+Immunosorbent+Assay+and+Identification+of+Mixed-Serotype+Cultures+by+Colony+Immunoblotting&rft.au=Palumbo%2C+J+D%3BBorucki%2C+M+K%3BMandrell%2C+R+E%3BGorski%2C+L&rft.aulast=Palumbo&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=564&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.41.2.564-571.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.2.564-571.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of propargyl bromide and 1,3-dichloropropene on microbial communities in an organically amended soil AN - 18663258; 5563308 AB - In this study we investigated the response of microbial communities in unamended and manure-amended soil treated with the fumigants propargyl bromide (PBr) and 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D). The soil fumigants were applied at a rate of 10, 100, and 500 mg kg super(-1). After treatment of the soils, the metabolic activity was assessed by monitoring the dehydrogenase activity (DHA). PBr and 1,3-D initially inhibited the DHA when applied at 500 mg kg super(-1); however, after 8 weeks, recovery of the DHA only occurred in amended soil. Bacterial community level changes were monitored over a 12-week period after fumigation using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of polymerase chain reaction- amplified 16S rDNA fragments. Band numbers were drastically reduced upon application of the fumigants, but reestablished more rapidly in the amended soil. To determine changes in the community diversity, the Shannon-Weaver index of diversity, H, was calculated for all treatments. In unamended and amended soil, the community diversity decreased with increasing fumigant concentration. In the PBr-treated soils, the diversity was higher in amended soil at all concentrations throughout the study, while in the 1,3-D treatments, the results were mixed. At 1, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after fumigation, major bands were excised from the gels and the DNA was cloned for sequence analysis. The bacterial communities in the fumigated amended soils were dominated by Streptomyces spp. other genera of actinomycetales, including Frankia, Cytophagales, Actinomadura, and Geodermatophilus, and a number of unidentified bacteria. Our results suggest that it may be feasible to reduce the impact of fumigant pesticides on soil microbial populations by stimulating microbial community structure, diversity and activity through the addition of organic amendments. JF - FEMS Microbiology Ecology AU - Dungan, R S AU - Ibekwe, A M AU - Yates AD - George E. Brown Jr. Salinity Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 450 W. Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92507, USA, rdungan@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 75 EP - 87 VL - 43 IS - 1 SN - 0168-6496, 0168-6496 KW - 1,3-Dichloropropene KW - propargyl bromide KW - Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - D 04803:Pollution effects KW - A 01055:Other soil treatments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18663258?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Ecology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+propargyl+bromide+and+1%2C3-dichloropropene+on+microbial+communities+in+an+organically+amended+soil&rft.au=Dungan%2C+R+S%3BIbekwe%2C+A+M%3BYates&rft.aulast=Dungan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Ecology&rft.issn=01686496&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0168-6496%2802%2900398-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-6496(02)00398-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The functional significance of cemented nest caps of the harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex maricopa AN - 18633527; 5539566 AB - Harvester ants, Pogonomyrmex maricopa, construct cemented caps on the sand mound nests in a fine sand dune area. The caps are approximately 60% calcium carbonate that is transported from the underlying calcium carbonate layers. The caps protect the nest structure from being eroded away during high-wind periods. Partial erosion of the cemented caps adds calcium carbonate to the sand dune soils. Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. JF - Journal of Arid Environments AU - Whitford, W G AD - USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, MSC 3JER, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, N M, 88003, U.S.A Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 281 EP - 284 PB - Academic Press VL - 53 IS - 2 SN - 0140-1963, 0140-1963 KW - Ants KW - Hymenoptera KW - Maricopa harvester ant KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05208:Social entomology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18633527?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Arid+Environments&rft.atitle=The+functional+significance+of+cemented+nest+caps+of+the+harvester+ant%2C+Pogonomyrmex+maricopa&rft.au=Whitford%2C+W+G&rft.aulast=Whitford&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Arid+Environments&rft.issn=01401963&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fjare.2002.1039 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jare.2002.1039 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid detection of columnaris disease in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) with a new species-specific 16-S rRNA gene-based PCR primer for Flavobacterium columnare AN - 18617392; 5514210 AB - A 16-S rRNA gene from the chromosomal DNA of the fish-pathogenic bacterium Flavobacterium columnare (formerly Flexibacter columnaris), strain ARS-I, was cloned, sequenced and used to design a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer set. The primer set amplified a specific 1193-bp DNA fragment from F. columnare strains but not from related bacteria, F. psychrophilum, F. aquatile, F. branchiophilum, or other bacterial pathogens of fish, Flexibacter maritimus, Cytophaga johnsonae, Edwardsiella ictaluri, E. tarda, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Streptococcus iniae or from the non-fish pathogen Escherichia coli. The PCR reaction conditions were optimized to permit detection of the organism from agar plates, broth culture, frozen samples, dead fish tissue, and live fish in less than 5 h (8 h, if the more sensitive nested PCR is used). DNA was extracted by a boiled-extraction method or by commercial column purification. The PCR product was detected at DNA concentrations below 0.1 ng and from as few as 100 bacterial cells. Nested PCR using universal eubacterial primers increased the sensitivity five-fold, allowing detection of F. columnare strains at DNA concentrations below 0.05 ng and from as few as 10 bacterial cells in apparently healthy, asymptomatic fish. The efficiency of this primer set was compared to the 16-S rRNA gene primer sets of Toyama et al. The new primer set is as good or better than the previously published primer sets for detecting F. columnare in all samples and under all conditions tested. JF - Journal of Microbiological Methods AU - Bader, JA AU - Shoemaker, CA AU - Klesius, PH AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Aquatic Animal Health Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 0952, Auburn, AL 36831, USA, jbader@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 209 EP - 220 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 52 IS - 2 SN - 0167-7012, 0167-7012 KW - Channel catfish KW - Graceful catfish KW - columnaris disease KW - ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Fish diseases KW - Bacterial diseases KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Columnaris disease KW - Disease detection KW - Freshwater KW - Flavobacterium columnare KW - rRNA 16S KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - J 02862:Infection KW - Q1 08587:Diseases of Cultured Organisms KW - Q4 27160:Methods and instruments KW - Q3 08587:Diseases of Cultured Organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18617392?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Microbiological+Methods&rft.atitle=Rapid+detection+of+columnaris+disease+in+channel+catfish+%28Ictalurus+punctatus%29+with+a+new+species-specific+16-S+rRNA+gene-based+PCR+primer+for+Flavobacterium+columnare&rft.au=Bader%2C+JA%3BShoemaker%2C+CA%3BKlesius%2C+PH&rft.aulast=Bader&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=209&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Microbiological+Methods&rft.issn=01677012&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fish diseases; Bacterial diseases; Disease detection; Polymerase chain reaction; Columnaris disease; rRNA 16S; Flavobacterium columnare; Ictalurus punctatus; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Purification of alternanase by affinity chromatography AN - 18025638; 5967322 AB - The enzyme alternanase, produced by Bacillus sp. NRRL B-21195, hydrolyzes alternan, a polysaccharide produced by certain strains of Leuconostoc mesenteroides that consists of glucose linked by alternating f(1M6), f(1M3) linkages. The main product of enzymatic hydrolysis by alternanase is a novel cyclic tetrasaccharide of glucose that also has alternating linkages between the glucose moieties. An improved purification scheme for alternanase has been developed that incorporates the use of isomaltosyl units linked to agarose for selectively binding the alternanase enzyme. Bound enzyme was eluted with 0.5 M sodium chloride and was nearly pure after this procedure. When followed by preparative isoelectric focusing, a single band of 117 kDa was measured when the purified protein was analyzed by HPLC size-exclusion chromatography/multiangle light scattering. The purification procedure can be scaled to permit large quantities of enzyme to be purified in high (36%) yield. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Ahlgren, JA AU - Cote, G L AD - Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1815 N University Street, Peoria, IL 61604-3999, USA Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 114 EP - 117 VL - 30 IS - 2 SN - 1367-5435, 1367-5435 KW - alternanase KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Affinity chromatography KW - Gel-filtration chromatography KW - Leuconostoc mesenteroides KW - Sodium chloride KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - W2 32215:Chromatography KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18025638?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Purification+of+alternanase+by+affinity+chromatography&rft.au=Ahlgren%2C+JA%3BCote%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Ahlgren&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=114&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10295-002-0020-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Leuconostoc mesenteroides; Affinity chromatography; Sodium chloride; Gel-filtration chromatography DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10295-002-0020-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of in situ Nest PCR and Comparison of Five Molecular Biological Diagnostic Methods for the Detection of Intracellular Viral DNAs in Paraffin Sections AN - 17698773; 6086668 AB - Nest polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in situ hybridization (ISH), in situ PCR, in situ PCR/hybridization (PCR-ISH) and in situ nest PCR were compared for the detection and localization of intracellular viral DNAs in paraffin sections. MDBK cells were infected with alcelapine herpesvirus 1 ranging from 10 super(1) to 10 super(5) 50% tissue culture infected doses (TCID sub(50)), incubated 18 hr, then fixed and processed into paraffin blocks. Sections of the cell preparation were subjected to nest PCR, ISH, in situ PCR, PCR-ISH and in situ nest PCR using specific oligonucleotide primers or probes directed against the viral open reading frame 50. In situ nest PCR and nest PCR were found to be capable of detecting the viral DNA in the cells infected with the lowest virus titer. As compared with other molecular biological methods for the detection of the virus, in situ nest PCR was found to be more sensitive than ISH, in situ PCR and PCR-ISH. In situ nest PCR has wide applications for sensitive localization of low copy viral sequences within cells to investigate the role of viruses in a variety of clinical conditions. JF - Journal of Veterinary Medical Science AU - Kim, O AD - USDA-ARS ADRU Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 231 EP - 235 VL - 65 IS - 2 SN - 0916-7250, 0916-7250 KW - In situ hybridization KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Herpesvirus KW - DNA probes KW - Tissue culture KW - Oligonucleotides KW - Detection KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Open reading frames KW - V 22141:Diagnosis KW - A 01114:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17698773?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Veterinary+Medical+Science&rft.atitle=Development+of+in+situ+Nest+PCR+and+Comparison+of+Five+Molecular+Biological+Diagnostic+Methods+for+the+Detection+of+Intracellular+Viral+DNAs+in+Paraffin+Sections&rft.au=Kim%2C+O&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=231&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Veterinary+Medical+Science&rft.issn=09167250&rft_id=info:doi/10.1292%2Fjvms.65.231 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Herpesvirus; Polymerase chain reaction; Detection; DNA probes; Tissue culture; Oligonucleotides; Open reading frames DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1292/jvms.65.231 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Soil Indicators Four Years after Manure and Compost Applications AN - 16170947; 5803108 AB - Understanding how carbon, nitrogen, and key soil attributes affect gas emissions from soil is crucial for alleviating their undesirable residual effects that can linger for years after termination of manure and compost applications. This study was conducted to evaluate the emission of soil CO sub(2), N sub(2)O, and CH sub(4) and soil C and N indicators four years after manure and compost application had stopped. Experimental plots were treated with annual synthetic N fertilizer (FRT), annual and biennial manure (MN1 and MN2, respectively), and compost (CP1 and CP2, respectively) from 1992 to 1995 based on removal of 151 kg N ha super(-1) yr super(-1) by continuous corn (Zea mays L.). The control (CTL) plots received no input. After 1995, only the FRT plots received N fertilizer in the spring of 1999. In 1999, the emissions of CO sub(2) were similar between control and other treatments. The average annual carbon input in the CTL and FRT plots were similar to soil CO sub(2)-C emission (4.4 and 5.1 Mg C ha super(-1) yr super(-1), respectively). Manure and compost resulted in positive C and N balances in the soil four years after application. Fluxes of CH sub(4)-C and N sub(2)O-N were nearly zero, which indicated that the residual effects of manure and compost four years after application had no negative influence on soil C and N storage and global warming. Residual effects of compost and manure resulted in 20 to 40% higher soil microbial biomass C, 42 to 74% higher potentially mineralizable N, and 0.5 unit higher pH compared with the FRT treatment. Residual effects of manure and compost on CO sub(2), N sub(2)O, and CH sub(4) emissions were minimal and their benefits on soil C and N indicators were more favorable than that of N fertilizer. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Ginting, D AU - Kessavalou, A AU - Eghball, B AU - Doran, J W AD - Department of Agronomy and Horticulture and USDA-ARS, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA, beghball1@unl.edu Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 23 EP - 32 VL - 32 IS - 1 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Soil KW - Compost KW - Methane KW - Fertilizers KW - Manure KW - Nitrous oxide KW - Emissions KW - Greenhouse gases KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Nitrogen KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16170947?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Greenhouse+Gas+Emissions+and+Soil+Indicators+Four+Years+after+Manure+and+Compost+Applications&rft.au=Ginting%2C+D%3BKessavalou%2C+A%3BEghball%2C+B%3BDoran%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Ginting&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Compost; Soil; Methane; Fertilizers; Manure; Nitrous oxide; Emissions; Carbon dioxide; Greenhouse gases; Nitrogen ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Considerations in selecting a water quality sampling strategy AN - 16161799; 5735366 AB - Water quality monitoring programs have expanded in an effort to quantify loadings to streams and lakes from various watershed activities and managements. At the core of monitoring programs are strategies or schemes that determine when and how samples are taken for estimating stream loadings. Quantification of the differences between these schemes has not been adequately documented. An analytic approach was used to evaluate 45 commonly used sampling strategies that included time-based (5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 120, 180, 300, and 360 min) and flow-stratified (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 12.5, and 15.0 mm) schemes using discrete and composite sampling procedures. A total of 300 storm hydrographs from 87 different watersheds in the U.S. were coupled with two concentration graphs (a 100% positive correlation of concentration to flow, and a 100% negative correlation to flow) to estimate average bias values for each sampling strategy. The mean bias and absolute error for time-based sampling, as determined by the standardized root mean square error (SRMSE), always increased with a greater sampling time interval. For time-based sampling, a positive correlated concentration graph generally resulted in under-prediction (positive bias) from the true load, while a negative correlated concentration always resulted in over-prediction (negative bias). For flow-stratified sampling, the direction of bias was generally reversed from the time-based case, but the SRMSE increased with a greater flow interval. Even at the lowest flow interval used in this study (2.5 mm), the median residual values were significantly different from zero ( alpha = 0.05). Time discrete sampling schemes less than or equal to 15-min provided the only bias and mean residual values not significantly different from zero ( alpha = 0.05). When an equal number of samples was obtained, the flow-stratified approach had less absolute error than did the time-based approach. The results indicate that, prior to water quality monitoring, careful consideration should be given to the sampling strategy and its overall impact on load estimates. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - King, K W AU - Harmel, R D AD - USDA-ARS, 590 Woody Hayes Drive, Columbus, OH 43210, USA, king.220@osu.edu Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 63 EP - 73 VL - 46 IS - 1 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - water quality KW - Water Sampling KW - Water Quality KW - Graphical Analysis KW - Watersheds KW - Streams KW - Storms KW - USA KW - Lakes KW - Hydrographs KW - Standards KW - Monitoring KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16161799?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Considerations+in+selecting+a+water+quality+sampling+strategy&rft.au=King%2C+K+W%3BHarmel%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - water quality; Lakes; Standards; Watersheds; Storms; Streams; Water Sampling; Water Quality; Hydrographs; Graphical Analysis; Monitoring; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Land application of manure by animal feeding operations: Is more land needed? AN - 16158547; 5594611 AB - Animal manure has become a major focal point of conservation efforts. A shift in the industry over the past decade towards fewer, larger operations has resulted in concerns over the utilization and disposal of animal manure. Land application of manure, a preferred disposal method, may be difficult and costly to implement on larger operations if restrictions on land disposal increase the amount of land required for spreading. The hog sector provides an example of how restrictions on manure application rates can affect the need for land. Using data from the 1998 Hog Agricultural Resource Management Survey we found that most confined hog operations would need to increase the land receiving manure to meet the needs of a nitrogen-based (N-based) or phosphorus-based (P-based) nutrient management plan. Both are possible under proposed Clean Water Act regulations by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and program goals for the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Smaller operations tended to have adequate land on the operation to meet the needs of a N-based plan in most regions. Larger operations generally had inadequate land for N-based plans. All large operations would need to find substantial amounts of additional land to meet the needs of a P-based plan. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Ribaudo, MO AU - Gollehon, N R AU - Agapoff, J AD - Economic Research Service, Washington, DC, USA Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 30 EP - 38 VL - 58 IS - 1 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - swine KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Land Use KW - Animal wastes KW - Manure KW - Waste Management KW - Agricultural wastes KW - Phosphorus KW - Nutrients KW - Land application KW - Feedlots KW - Agricultural Practices KW - Conservation KW - Clean Water Act KW - Waste disposal KW - Water Quality Control KW - Nitrogen KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16158547?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Land+application+of+manure+by+animal+feeding+operations%3A+Is+more+land+needed%3F&rft.au=Ribaudo%2C+MO%3BGollehon%2C+N+R%3BAgapoff%2C+J&rft.aulast=Ribaudo&rft.aufirst=MO&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=30&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Manure; Animal wastes; Agricultural wastes; Phosphorus; Nutrients; Waste disposal; Land application; Nitrogen; Land Use; Waste Management; Agricultural Practices; Conservation; Clean Water Act; Water Quality Control; Feedlots ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of Rye Cover Crop and Herbicides on Weeds, Yield, and Net Return in Narrow-Row Transgenic and Conventional Soybean (Glycine Max) AN - 19817534; 5631608 AB - A field study was conducted during 1999, 2000, and 2001 at Stoneville, MS, on a Dundee silty clay loam to determine the impact of a rye cover crop with one or two postemergence (POST) herbicide applications on weed control, yield, and net return in narrow-row glyphosate-resistant, glufosinate-resistant, and conventional soybean systems. Cover crop systems included no-cover crop conventional tillage (CT), no-cover crop no-tillage (NT), and rye NT, all with early POST (EPOST), EPOST followed by late POST (LPOST), and no-herbicide weed management. Weed control and net return among glyphosate-resistant, glufosinate-resistant, and conventional soybean systems were similar. One POST ($111/ha) application of herbicides was more profitable than two POST ($79 /ha) applications regardless of soybean cultivar and cover crop system. Rye residue reduced total weed density by 9 and 27% and biomass by 19 and 38% compared with no-cover crop CT and NT, respectively. In the rye cover crop, input costs were higher because of the additional cost of seed, planting, and rye desiccation. The additional cost resulted in a lower net return with the rye cover crop ($29/ha) compared with the no-cover crop CT ($84/ha) or NT ($87/ha) system, even though soybean yield in the rye cover crop system was comparable to that from the no-cover crop CT and NT systems. These results showed that because of additional cost, rye cover crop-based soybean production was less profitable compared with existing no-cover crop-based production systems.Nomenclature: Acifluorfen; bentazon; chlorimuron; clethodim; glufosinate; glyphosate; barnyardgrass, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. NUMBER SIGN ECHCG; browntop millet, Brachiaria ramosa (L.) Stapf NUMBER SIGN PANRA; hemp sesbania, Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) Rydb. ex A. W. Hill NUMBER SIGN SEBEX; pitted morningglory, Ipomoea lacunosa L. NUMBER SIGN IPOLA; prickly sida, Sida spinosa L. NUMBER SIGN SIDSP; sicklepod, Senna obtusifolia (L.) Irwin and Barneby NUMBER SIGN CASOB; smooth pigweed, Amaranthus hybridus L. NUMBER SIGN AMACH; rye, Secale cereale L. 'Elbon'; soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. 'DP 3588', 'DP 5806 RR', 'A 5547 LL'.Additional Index words: Conventional tillage, herbicide, integrated weed management, mulch, net return, no-tillage, transgenic soybean, weed biomass, weed density.Abbreviations: CT, conventional tillage; EPOST, early postemergence; LPOST, late postemergence; NT, no-tillage; POST, postemergence; WAP, weeks after planting. JF - Weed Technology AU - Reddy, K N AD - Plant Physiologist, Southern Weed Science Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, P.O. Box 350, Stoneville, MS 38776., kreddy@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 28 EP - 35 PB - Weed Science Society of America VL - 17 IS - 1 SN - 0890-037X, 0890-037X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Mulches KW - Weeds KW - Ipomoea lacunosa KW - Bentazon KW - Sesbania KW - Echinochloa crus-galli KW - Crops KW - Glycine max KW - Clays KW - glufosinate KW - Planting KW - Desiccation KW - Sida spinosa KW - Seeds KW - Brachiaria KW - Herbicides KW - Cover crops KW - Biomass KW - Weed control KW - Soybeans KW - Tillage KW - Sesbania exaltata KW - Senna obtusifolia KW - Secale cereale KW - Amaranthus hybridus KW - Glyphosate KW - W 30910:Imaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19817534?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Technology&rft.atitle=Impact+of+Rye+Cover+Crop+and+Herbicides+on+Weeds%2C+Yield%2C+and+Net+Return+in+Narrow-Row+Transgenic+and+Conventional+Soybean+%28Glycine+Max%29&rft.au=Reddy%2C+K+N&rft.aulast=Reddy&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=28&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Technology&rft.issn=0890037X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0890-037X%282003%29017%280028%3AIORCCA%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Glycine max; Sida spinosa; Brachiaria; Ipomoea lacunosa; Sesbania; Secale cereale; Senna obtusifolia; Echinochloa crus-galli; Amaranthus hybridus; Sesbania exaltata; Soybeans; Weeds; Cover crops; Crops; Herbicides; Tillage; Planting; Biomass; Weed control; Bentazon; Desiccation; Glyphosate; Seeds; glufosinate; Mulches; Clays DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0890-037X(2003)017(0028:IORCCA)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characteristics of grit in Canada goose gizzards AN - 19401055; 5865198 AB - In many localities, Canada geese (Branta canadensis) have habituated to urban settings and their populations are increasing. Reproductive inhibitors contained in synthetic grit could play a role in integrated Canada goose management. We describe and quantify the physical characteristics of natural grit collected from the gizzards of Canada geese from 4 regions of the United States. The average grit sample had a weight of 14.26 g, a volume of 2.45 ml, a grit-particle count of 1,419, and a soil weight of 6.85 g. The average grit particle measured 2.02 mm long and 1.52 mm wide, and had an area of 2.05 mm super(2) and a roundness rating of 1.25. Synthetic grit could be patterned after our findings to most likely be retained and utilized in the gizzards of Canada geese. JF - Wildlife Society Bulletin AU - VerCauteren, K C AU - Lavelle, MJ AU - Shively, K J AD - United States Department of Agriculture/Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service/Wildlife Services/National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Ave., Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA, kurt.c.vercauteren@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2003///0, PY - 2003 DA - 0, 2003 SP - 265 EP - 269 PB - Wildlife Society VL - 31 IS - 1 SN - 0091-7648, 0091-7648 KW - Canada goose KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - USA KW - Adaptations KW - Branta canadensis KW - Inhibitors KW - Reproduction KW - Aquatic birds KW - Urban environments KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Q1 08364:Reproduction and development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19401055?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Characteristics+of+grit+in+Canada+goose+gizzards&rft.au=VerCauteren%2C+K+C%3BLavelle%2C+MJ%3BShively%2C+K+J&rft.aulast=VerCauteren&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.issn=00917648&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Inhibitors; Aquatic birds; Adaptations; Reproduction; Urban environments; Branta canadensis; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cool temperatures elicit reproduction in a biologically invasive predator, the brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis) AN - 18805622; 5678425 AB - Two different temperature regimes for eliciting reproduction in male and females of the Guam form of the brown treesnake were investigated. Males and females maintained at 24 degree C followed by a 60-day cool period at 19 degree C exhibited substantial reproductive activity, and the females that produced clutches did so during a brief period after return to 24 degree C. In contrast, individuals maintained at 28 degree C followed by an identical 19 degree C cooling period exhibited relatively little reproductive activity, and although some females became vitellogenic, none produced eggs. Reproductive activity was virtually absent in all individuals in both groups 7 months after the end of the cool period. Thus, a period of cool temperatures elicits reproductive activity in both sexes and the effect is transitory. Temperatures experienced during the cool period were much lower than the snakes would experience on Guam, and temperatures there are also relatively invariant. Thus, it is possible that only minor fluctuations in temperature are sufficient to elicit reproduction in the Guam population. Because the Guam form does well under, and responds reproductively to, unusually cold temperatures for a lowland tropical reptile, concern that it may have the capacity to invade extralimital temperate areas is warranted. JF - Zoo Biology AU - Mathies, T AU - Miller, LA AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Ave. Fort Collins, CO 8052-2154, tom.c.mathies@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 227 EP - 238 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 0733-3188, 0733-3188 KW - Brown tree snake KW - Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - Y 25424:Vertebrates (excluding fish, birds & mammals) KW - D 04670:Reptiles UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18805622?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zoo+Biology&rft.atitle=Cool+temperatures+elicit+reproduction+in+a+biologically+invasive+predator%2C+the+brown+treesnake+%28Boiga+irregularis%29&rft.au=Mathies%2C+T%3BMiller%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Mathies&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Zoo+Biology&rft.issn=07333188&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fzoo.10084 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zoo.10084 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characteristics of Ten Tropical Hardwoods from Certified Forests in Bolivia. Part Ii. Natural Durability to Decay Fungi AN - 18019630; 5983304 AB - The natural durability of 10 lesser known, commercially available Bolivian hardwoods to decay fungi was evaluated using a modified ASTM soil-block analysis for 12 weeks. The blocks were then retested for an additional 12 weeks to determine their level of decay resistance, as determined by percentage of weight loss. Astronium urundeuva, Caesalpinia cf. pluviosa, Schinopsis quebracho-colorado, and Tabebuia sp. (lapacho group) were found to be highly resistant to decay; Amburana cearensis, Anadenanthera colubrina (syn: A. macrocarpa), Aspidosperma cylindrocarpon, Diplotropis purpurea, and Guibourtia chodatiana, resistant to decay; and Phyllostylon rhamnoides, moderately resistant to decay. We conclude that an extended soil-bottle test is an effective tool for assessing the level of natural durability of these and other tropical species. JF - Wood and Fiber Science AU - Miller, Regis B AU - Wiedenhoeft, Alex C AU - Williams, RSam AU - Stockman, Willy AU - Green, Frederick AD - Botanist, USDA, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI 53726-2398 Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 429 EP - 433 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. Lawrence KS 66044 USA, [mailto:webmaster@allenpress.com], [URL:http://www.allenpress.com] VL - 35 IS - 3 SN - 0735-6161, 0735-6161 KW - Durability KW - Caesalpinia KW - decay resistance KW - Poinciana KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Tabebuia KW - Schinopsis quebracho-colorado KW - Amburana cearensis KW - Phyllostylon rhamnoides KW - Characterization KW - Hardwoods KW - Bolivia KW - Diplotropis purpurea KW - Guibourtia chodatiana KW - Decay KW - A 01044:General KW - K 03098:Spoilage & biodegradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18019630?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wood+and+Fiber+Science&rft.atitle=Characteristics+of+Ten+Tropical+Hardwoods+from+Certified+Forests+in+Bolivia.+Part+Ii.+Natural+Durability+to+Decay+Fungi&rft.au=Miller%2C+Regis+B%3BWiedenhoeft%2C+Alex+C%3BWilliams%2C+RSam%3BStockman%2C+Willy%3BGreen%2C+Frederick&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Regis&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=429&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wood+and+Fiber+Science&rft.issn=07356161&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phyllostylon rhamnoides; Amburana cearensis; Schinopsis quebracho-colorado; Caesalpinia; Tabebuia; Diplotropis purpurea; Guibourtia chodatiana; Bolivia; Hardwoods; Characterization; Decay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An effective box trap for capturing lynx AN - 17953441; 5870969 AB - We designed a box trap for capturing lynx (Lynx lynx) that is lightweight, safe, effective, and less expensive than many commercial models. It can be constructed in approximately 3-4 hours from readily available materials. We used this trap to capture 40 lynx 89 times (96% of lynx entering traps) and observed no trapping related injuries. We compare our box trap to other common lynx-capture techniques that we used in terms of capture success, injuries, efficacy, and cost. Our design provided a safe, economical, and efficient means of capturing lynx when even a moderate risk of injury was unacceptable. JF - Wildlife Society Bulletin AU - Kolbe, JA AU - Squires, J R AU - Parker, T W AD - United States Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Box 8089 Missoula, MT 59807, USA, jaykolbe@hotmail.com Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 980 EP - 985 VL - 31 IS - 4 SN - 0091-7648, 0091-7648 KW - Eurasian Lynx KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Capture KW - Traps KW - Lynx lynx KW - Methodology KW - D 04001:Methodology - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17953441?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.atitle=An+effective+box+trap+for+capturing+lynx&rft.au=Kolbe%2C+JA%3BSquires%2C+J+R%3BParker%2C+T+W&rft.aulast=Kolbe&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=980&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.issn=00917648&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lynx lynx; Methodology; Traps; Capture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fecal corticosterone levels in California spotted owls exposed to low-intensity chainsaw sound AN - 17951109; 5871010 AB - The California spotted owl (Strix occidentalis occidentalis) is a focal management species in Sierra Nevada national forests. To protect the owl from human activity, the United States Forest Service has proposed guidelines that would prohibit timber harvest and road or trail construction within 400 m of active owl nest sites during the breeding season. To guide these efforts, we tested the physiological stress response of 9 nonbreeding wild male owls to the sound of a chainsaw operated 100 m from their roost site, using change in fecal corticosterone level (ng/g dry feces) as the response variable. We employed a cross-over experimental design to control for differences among individuals. Chainsaw exposure did not result in a detectable increase in fecal corticosterone level (F sub(1,7)=0.01, P=0.94). These findings corroborate results of a field study that suggested spotted owls can tolerate low-intensity human sound in their environment without eliciting a physiological stress response. However, activities producing chronic and intense noise (e.g., timber harvest, road construction), which might elicit such a response, were not simulated in our experiment. The effects of these activities on California spotted owls will require further research. JF - Wildlife Society Bulletin AU - Tempel, D J AU - Gutierrez, R J AD - Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute, Rocky Mountain Research Station, United States Forest Service, P.O. Box 8089, Missoula, MT 59802, USA, gutie012@umn.edu Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 698 EP - 702 VL - 31 IS - 3 SN - 0091-7648, 0091-7648 KW - California Spotted Owl KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Corticoids KW - Strix occidentalis occidentalis KW - Wildlife conservation KW - Noise KW - Stress KW - USA, California KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17951109?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Fecal+corticosterone+levels+in+California+spotted+owls+exposed+to+low-intensity+chainsaw+sound&rft.au=Tempel%2C+D+J%3BGutierrez%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Tempel&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=698&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.issn=00917648&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Strix occidentalis occidentalis; USA, California; Corticoids; Noise; Stress; Wildlife conservation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A review of color vision in white-tailed deer AN - 17951062; 5871008 AB - A better understanding of the color vision abilities of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) helps to determine how these animals interpret their environment. We review and summarize the literature related to the color vision abilities of white-tailed deer. Physiological measurements using advanced techniques such as molecular genetics, electroretinography, and electron microscopy have demonstrated conclusively that white-tailed deer possess the anatomical requisites for color vision. Operant conditioning techniques employed in pen studies using trained cervids confirm that deer see color. The eyes of white-tailed deer are characterized by 3 classes of photopigments: a short-wavelength-sensitive cone mechanism, a middle-wavelength-sensitive cone mechanism, and a short-wavelength-sensitive rod pigment. The number and distribution of rods and cones in the retina, augmented by adaptations of the eye, give white-tailed deer high visual sensitivity and visual acuity in light and darkness. During the day deer discriminate colors in the range blue to yellow-green and can also distinguish longer (orange and red) wavelengths. At night deer see color in the blue to blue-green range, although the moderately wide spectral sensitivity of rods permits some discrimination of longer wavelengths. Rods serve a discriminatory role in color vision, especially at low to moderate illumination levels. Benefits of color vision to deer include the ability to discriminate between plant species and parts and enhanced predator-detection capabilities. This information can be used to refine methods of resolving deer-human conflicts and provide insight to deer researchers, photographers, and hunters on how to be more inconspicuous to their subject. JF - Wildlife Society Bulletin AU - VerCauteren, K C AU - Pipas, MJ AD - United States Department of Agriculture/Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service/Wildlife Services/National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80521-2154, USA, kurt.c.vercauteren@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 684 EP - 691 VL - 31 IS - 3 SN - 0091-7648, 0091-7648 KW - White-tailed deer KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Odocoileus virginianus KW - Illumination KW - Vision KW - Wavelength KW - Camouflage KW - Color KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17951062?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.atitle=A+review+of+color+vision+in+white-tailed+deer&rft.au=VerCauteren%2C+K+C%3BPipas%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=VerCauteren&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=684&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.issn=00917648&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Odocoileus virginianus; Vision; Color; Wavelength; Camouflage; Illumination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A coyote in sheep's clothing: predator identification from saliva AN - 17950243; 5870964 AB - We used polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) and microsatellite analyses to identify canid species, gender, and individual genotype in samples containing a large excess of domestic sheep DNA. These methods were then used to investigate the feasibility of identifying predators from saliva on predation wounds. We analyzed predation wound samples from 19 sheep carcasses. Coyote DNA was identified in 18 samples (95%), of which 17 contained male coyote DNA (94%) and 11 (61%) yielded heterozygous microsatellite genotypes at greater than or equal to 1 locus. These methods have promise for genetic identification of individual predators. JF - Wildlife Society Bulletin AU - Williams, CL AU - Blejwas, K AU - Johnston, J J AU - Jaeger, M M AD - USDA, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA, christen.l.williams@usda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 926 EP - 932 VL - 31 IS - 4 SN - 0091-7648, 0091-7648 KW - sheep KW - Coyote KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Predators KW - Saliva KW - Canis latrans KW - Methodology KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17950243?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.atitle=A+coyote+in+sheep%27s+clothing%3A+predator+identification+from+saliva&rft.au=Williams%2C+CL%3BBlejwas%2C+K%3BJohnston%2C+J+J%3BJaeger%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=926&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.issn=00917648&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Canis latrans; Predators; Saliva; Methodology; Polymerase chain reaction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Statewide habitat assessment for white-tailed deer in Arkansas using satellite imagery AN - 17947226; 5871012 AB - We conducted a statewide assessment of habitat suitability for white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Arkansas. We created a habitat suitability index (HSI) model that could be used with satellite imagery for habitat assessment based on life requisites for food and cover. The food and cover life-requisite equations included a vegetation-diversity modifier and distance modifiers to consider the proximity of potentially available resources. We tested model results against indices of relative population abundance and nutritional condition of deer at the county level. The original statewide model accounted for 45% and 23% of variation in abundance and nutritional condition indices, respectively. We adjusted the models to maximize fit with the population indices. The adjusted statewide HSI models accounted for 66% and 52% of variation in population abundance and nutritional condition indices, respectively. Separate models adjusted for each of the 4 physiographic regions of Arkansas were able to account for up to 76% of variation in relative abundance of deer. Landscape models of habitat suitability were most successful in the Gulf region, where large-scale commercial forests dominate, providing relatively equal habitat suitability across the landscape. Models were least successful in the Delta region, where the conversion to agriculture has fragmented habitat and suitability varied widely. Improvements in quality and resolution of population data and greater accuracy of classification of cover types, such as shrub communities, would allow greater understanding of the landscape-level features that are important indicators of habitat quality. JF - Wildlife Society Bulletin AU - Miranda, B R AU - Porter, W F AD - United States Forest Service North Central Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Rhinelander, WI 54501, USA, brmiranda@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 715 EP - 726 VL - 31 IS - 3 SN - 0091-7648, 0091-7648 KW - White-tailed deer KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Odocoileus virginianus KW - Habitat availability KW - Wildlife management KW - Landscape KW - Remote sensing KW - Forests KW - Relative abundance KW - Satellites KW - Habitat fragmentation KW - Models KW - Population levels KW - USA, Arkansas KW - M3 1140:Biodiversity KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17947226?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Statewide+habitat+assessment+for+white-tailed+deer+in+Arkansas+using+satellite+imagery&rft.au=Miranda%2C+B+R%3BPorter%2C+W+F&rft.aulast=Miranda&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=715&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.issn=00917648&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Odocoileus virginianus; USA, Arkansas; Habitat fragmentation; Satellites; Landscape; Wildlife management; Forests; Agriculture; Relative abundance; Remote sensing; Habitat availability; Population levels; Models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transect versus grid trapping arrangements for sampling small-mammal communities AN - 17946784; 5871084 AB - We compared transect and grid trapping arrangements for assessing small-mammal community composition and relative abundance for 2 years in 2 forest cover types in west-central Montana, USA. Transect arrangements yielded more total captures, more individual captures, and more species than grid arrangements in both cover types in both years. Differences between the 2 methods tended to be greatest when small mammals were least abundant, suggesting that advantages of transect arrangements for obtaining basic community information may be greatest when sampling returns are poorest. Our results suggest that transect arrangements are more efficient than grids for small-mammal surveys and studies of small-mammal community composition because transects provide better resolution of community structure for a given effort. JF - Wildlife Society Bulletin AU - Pearson, DE AU - Ruggiero, L F AD - United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Box 8089, Missoula, MT 59807, USA, dpearson@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 454 EP - 459 VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 0091-7648, 0091-7648 KW - Mammals KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Capture-recapture studies KW - Mammalia KW - Population levels KW - Species composition KW - Sampling KW - USA, Montana KW - D 04001:Methodology - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17946784?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Transect+versus+grid+trapping+arrangements+for+sampling+small-mammal+communities&rft.au=Pearson%2C+DE%3BRuggiero%2C+L+F&rft.aulast=Pearson&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=454&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.issn=00917648&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mammalia; USA, Montana; Species composition; Population levels; Capture-recapture studies; Sampling ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monitoring long-term reuse of trees by bats in pinyon-juniper woodlands of New Mexico AN - 17913525; 5864312 AB - Information on long-term reuse of tree roosts by forest-dwelling bats (Order Chiroptera) is needed to better understand their roost ecology and to manage their habitats more effectively. To examine long-term reuse of tree roosts by bat colonies in pinyon-juniper woodlands (Pinus edulis)-(Juniperus spp.), 15 maternity roost trees were monitored with exit counts every 2-4 weeks for 2-4 summers from 1995-1998. Although use of trees within summers was intermittent, colonies reused trees an average of 75.0% of the summers they were monitored, suggesting long-term fidelity to trees. Alternative methods for detecting summer roost use with less effort were evaluated with existing data. The first method focused sampling (1-2 exit counts) around the date the colony was present the prior year. The second method examined whether there was a 2-week period during the summer when exit counts were more likely to detect colonies. Neither of the alternative sampling schemes identified 100% of roosts that were reused. Exit counts performed during the 2-week period from 16-29 June resulted in the highest percentage of trees correctly identified as used (71.4 plus or minus 14.3%), suggesting that sampling effort may be reduced with the least impact on detection rates by monitoring trees when females are approaching parturition. Nonetheless, results also show that summer use of trees by bat colonies can be difficult to detect, greater levels of effort should be used whenever possible, and reuse rates determined by periodic exit counts should be considered conservative estimates. JF - Wildlife Society Bulletin AU - Chung-MacCoubrey, AL AD - United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 333 Broadway Boulevard SE, Suite 115, Albuquerque, NM 87102, USA, achungmaccoubrey@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 73 EP - 79 PB - Wildlife Society VL - 31 IS - 1 SN - 0091-7648, 0091-7648 KW - Bats KW - Colorado pinyon KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Environmental monitoring KW - USA, New Mexico KW - Chiroptera KW - Roosting behavior KW - Trees KW - Forests KW - Habitat preferences KW - Pinus edulis KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17913525?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Monitoring+long-term+reuse+of+trees+by+bats+in+pinyon-juniper+woodlands+of+New+Mexico&rft.au=Chung-MacCoubrey%2C+AL&rft.aulast=Chung-MacCoubrey&rft.aufirst=AL&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.issn=00917648&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chiroptera; Pinus edulis; USA, New Mexico; Environmental monitoring; Habitat preferences; Trees; Forests; Roosting behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Perceptions of deer-vehicle collision management by state wildlife agency and department of transportation administrators AN - 17909525; 5864857 AB - Historically, state wildlife agencies (SWAs) have been concerned with increasing and protecting wildlife populations at the same time departments of transportation (DOTs) have developed and improved transportation systems. These concurrent activities have resulted in increasing human-wildlife conflicts, most visibly deer-vehicle collisions (DVCs). Increasing numbers of DVCs create new biological and socioeconomic consequences. Although SWAs and DOTs try to reduce DVCs, their approaches may not be integrated. We surveyed SWA and DOT administrators to determine their perception of the magnitude of DVCs in their state, the relative effectiveness of mitigation measures used, and the role of their agency in DVC abatement. Less than 30% of all agencies reported maintaining long-term DVC databases. Few (10%) assigned staff to conduct DVC prevention activities. Despite inadequate record-keeping among agencies, many agency administrators believed DVCs were increasing in their state. Highway fencing was believed to have the greatest long-term potential to reduce DVCs; deer whistles, and mirrors were perceived as being the least effective. Agency cultures influenced the way individual agencies responded to the problem in addition to creating different perceptions of the problem and potential solutions. SWA and DOT administrators generally disagreed on factors that contributed to increasing DVCs and who should ultimately bear financial responsibility for DVC research and mitigation. JF - Wildlife Society Bulletin AU - Sullivan, T L AU - Messmer, T A AD - USDA/APHIS/WS, 5107 Austin Ellipse, Moody Air Force Base, GA 31699, USA, todd.sullivan@moody.af.mil Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 163 EP - 173 PB - Wildlife Society VL - 31 IS - 1 SN - 0091-7648, 0091-7648 KW - White-tailed deer KW - Mule deer KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Odocoileus virginianus KW - Wildlife management KW - Mitigation KW - Social responsibility KW - Wildlife conservation KW - Odocoileus hemionus KW - Population studies KW - Bears KW - Human impact KW - USA KW - Roads KW - D 04700:Management KW - M3 1250:Sustainable Transportation/Mobility UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17909525?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Perceptions+of+deer-vehicle+collision+management+by+state+wildlife+agency+and+department+of+transportation+administrators&rft.au=Sullivan%2C+T+L%3BMessmer%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.issn=00917648&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Odocoileus virginianus; Odocoileus hemionus; USA; Wildlife conservation; Human impact; Roads; Mitigation; Population studies; Social responsibility; Bears; Wildlife management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Red lasers are ineffective for dispersing deer at night AN - 17907390; 5865195 AB - Populations of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and the number of deer-human conflicts have increased in recent years, emphasizing the need for efficient and inexpensive methods to reduce site-specific deer damage. Recent research using laser technology to disperse a variety of bird species has yielded promising results, prompting wildlife professionals and the public to question whether lasers could play a role in reducing damage and conflict with mammals, primarily deer. We evaluated 2 red lasers (633-650 nm) to determine their effectiveness as devices to frighten deer. No differences occurred in flight response between lasers or between the control and lasers. We suggest that deer were not frightened by either model of laser because they could not detect red laser beams or their intense brightness. Red lasers do not appear to have potential as frightening devices for deer. JF - Wildlife Society Bulletin AU - VerCauteren, K C AU - Hygnstrom, SE AU - Pipas, MJ AU - Fioranelli, P B AU - Werner, S J AU - Blackwell, B F AD - United States Department of Agriculture/Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service/Wildlife Services/National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80521-2154, USA, Kurt.C.VerCauteren@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 247 EP - 252 PB - Wildlife Society VL - 31 IS - 1 SN - 0091-7648, 0091-7648 KW - White-tailed deer KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Odocoileus virginianus KW - Wildlife management KW - Methodology KW - D 04001:Methodology - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17907390?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Red+lasers+are+ineffective+for+dispersing+deer+at+night&rft.au=VerCauteren%2C+K+C%3BHygnstrom%2C+SE%3BPipas%2C+MJ%3BFioranelli%2C+P+B%3BWerner%2C+S+J%3BBlackwell%2C+B+F&rft.aulast=VerCauteren&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=247&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.issn=00917648&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Odocoileus virginianus; Methodology; Wildlife management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Accelerated Degradation of Methyl Isothiocyanate in Soil AN - 1777137440; 13634468 AB - Methyl isothiocyanate (MITC, CH sub(3)NCS) is the primary breakdown product of metam-sodium, and a potential replacement fumigant pesticide for methyl bromide. Methyl isothiocyanate is toxic and has a high potential for volatilization, therefore, minimizing its atmospheric emission is of the utmost importance. One method to reduce fumigant emissions is to enhance their degradation by incorporating organic amendments into the soil surface. In this study we determined the combined effect of temperature and chicken manure application rate on the degradation of MITC. The degradation of MITC was significantly accelerated by both increasing temperature and amendment rate. Differences between sterile and nonsterile degradation kinetics in unamended and organically amended soil indicate that MITC degradation is equally controlled by chemical and biological processes. The amelioration of soil with organic amendments should be further considered when designing fumigation practices that allow for reduced emissions. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - Dungan, Robert S AU - Gan, Jianying AU - Yates, Scott R AD - Soil Physics and Pesticides Research Unit, George E. Brown Jr. Salinity Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Riverside, California, U.S.A syates@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 299 EP - 310 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 142 IS - 1-4 SN - 0049-6979, 0049-6979 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - Soil pollution KW - Soil (material) KW - Emissions control KW - Degradation KW - Methyl bromide KW - Emission KW - Breakdown KW - Toxicology KW - Fumigation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1777137440?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=Accelerated+Degradation+of+Methyl+Isothiocyanate+in+Soil&rft.au=Dungan%2C+Robert+S%3BGan%2C+Jianying%3BYates%2C+Scott+R&rft.aulast=Dungan&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=142&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=299&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1022092907878 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022092907878 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Errors in Heat Flux Measurement by Flux Plates of Contrasting Design and Thermal Conductivity AN - 17654569; 6495304 AB - The thermal conductivity ([lambda]) of soils may vary by a factor of about 4 for a range of field soil water contents. Measurement of soil heat flux (G) using a heat flux plate with a fixed [lambda] distorts heat flow through the plates and in the adjacent soil. The objectives of this research were to quantify heat flow distortion errors for soil heat flux plates of widely contrasting designs and to evaluate the accuracy of a previously reported correction. Six types of commercially available heat flux plates with varying thickness, face area, and thermal conductivity ([lambda] sub(m)) were evaluated. Steady-state laboratory experiments at flux densities from 20 to 175 W m super(-2) were completed in a large box filled with dry or saturated sand having [lambda] of 0.36 and 2.25 W m super(-1) K super(-1). A field experiment compared G measured with pairs of four plate types buried at 6 cm in a clay soil with G determined using the gradient technique. The flux plates underestimated G in the dry sand by 2.4 to 38.5% and by 13.1 to 73.2% in saturated sand while in moist clay plate performance ranged from a 6.2% overestimate to a 71.4% underestimate. Application of the correction generally improved agreement between plate estimates and independent G measurements, especially when [lambda] > [lambda] sub(m), although most plate estimates were still significantly lower than the actual G. Limitations of the correction procedure indicate that renewed effort should be placed on innovative sensor designs that avoid or minimize heat flow distortion and/or provide direct, in situ calibration capability. JF - Vadose Zone Journal AU - Sauer, T J AU - Meek, D W AU - Ochsner, TE AU - Harris, A R AU - Horton, R AD - USDA-ARS, National Soil Tilth Laboratory, 2150 Pammel Dr., Ames, IA 50011- 4420, sauer@nstl.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 580 EP - 588 PB - Soil Science Society of America, 677 South Segoe Rd Maxison WI 53711 USA, [URL:http://www.soils.org/] VL - 2 IS - 4 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17654569?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vadose+Zone+Journal&rft.atitle=Errors+in+Heat+Flux+Measurement+by+Flux+Plates+of+Contrasting+Design+and+Thermal+Conductivity&rft.au=Sauer%2C+T+J%3BMeek%2C+D+W%3BOchsner%2C+TE%3BHarris%2C+A+R%3BHorton%2C+R&rft.aulast=Sauer&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=580&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vadose+Zone+Journal&rft.issn=1539-1663&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In Situ Measurement of Soil Heat Flux with the Gradient Method AN - 17652642; 6495305 AB - The use of soil heat flux as a critical component of the surface energy balance is routine; however, its accurate quantification is not. The direct measurement of soil heat flux is generally accomplished with soil heat flux plates. However, the presence of heat flux plates causes perturbations in heat and fluid flow in the soil that may give rise to measurement errors. We describe here the direct measurement of soil heat flux with the gradient technique using a tri-needle instrument, where soil heat flux is the product of the soil thermal conductivity measured by transient heating of the center needle and the soil temperature gradient measured between the outer needles. Soil heat fluxes measured this way were compared with those obtained from commercially available soil heat flux plates. Laboratory trials revealed good precision and accuracy (error generally <5%) in measurements of thermal conductivity and soil heat flux with the heated needle technique in a medium-textured sand, but exposed occasional errors in the accurate determination of thermal conductivity arising from poor sensor-soil thermal contact in a coarser medium. Extended field data in a finer-textured soil showed good agreement among needle sensors and heat flux plates, and surprisingly did not reveal errors associated with fluid blockage by the heat flux plates. Our results indicate that the measurement of soil heat flux with the gradient technique with needle sensors is a viable alternative to heat flux plates, and may improve absolute accuracy of this measurement. JF - Vadose Zone Journal AU - Cobos, Douglas R AU - Baker, John M AD - USDA-ARS Soil and Water Management Unit, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108, dcobos@soils.umn.edu Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 589 EP - 594 PB - Soil Science Society of America, 677 South Segoe Rd Maxison WI 53711 USA, [URL:http://www.soils.org/] VL - 2 IS - 4 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17652642?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vadose+Zone+Journal&rft.atitle=In+Situ+Measurement+of+Soil+Heat+Flux+with+the+Gradient+Method&rft.au=Cobos%2C+Douglas+R%3BBaker%2C+John+M&rft.aulast=Cobos&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=589&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vadose+Zone+Journal&rft.issn=1539-1663&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Depth Control Stand for Improved Accuracy with the Neutron Probe AN - 17652048; 6495312 AB - The neutron thermalization method for soil water content measurement is well established as being accurate for deep soil profile measurements. However, the method has been criticized as inaccurate for shallow measurements (0.98 and RMSE values of calibration <0.01 m super(3) m super(-3). The stand is also useful for elevating the gauge high enough above the surface so that standard counts are not influenced by the water content or nature of the surface, thus enhancing accuracy of both the calibration and subsequent water content readings, both of which depend on standard count values. Also, the stand serves to prevent repetitive strain injuries to backs and knees caused by bending and kneeling to place the gauge on top of access tubes, but without additional occupational exposure to radiation. JF - Vadose Zone Journal AU - Evett AU - Tolk, JA AU - Howell, T A AD - USDA-ARS, P.O. Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012, srevett@cprl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 642 EP - 649 PB - Soil Science Society of America, 677 South Segoe Rd Maxison WI 53711 USA, [URL:http://www.soils.org/] VL - 2 IS - 4 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17652048?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vadose+Zone+Journal&rft.atitle=A+Depth+Control+Stand+for+Improved+Accuracy+with+the+Neutron+Probe&rft.au=Evett%3BTolk%2C+JA%3BHowell%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Evett&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=642&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vadose+Zone+Journal&rft.issn=1539-1663&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Laboratory Evaluation of a Commercial Dielectric Soil Water Sensor AN - 17583474; 6495313 AB - Development of management strategies for efficient water utilization of crop production requires measurements of changes in soil water content on a dynamic basis. Many of the methods currently used for measuring these changes are destructive, slow, or relatively expensive for large-scale investigations. A commercially available, low-cost, nondestructive soil moisture sensor for measuring changes in soil volumetric water content (VWC) on the basis of changes in the dielectric constant of the soil water was evaluated under laboratory conditions for two soil series (Amarillo fine sandy loam [fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, thermic Aridic Paleustalfs] and Pullman clay loam [fine, mixed, thermic Torretic Paleustolls]) and a potting material across a wide range of water contents. Probes were placed in containers filled with deionized water and soil. Containers with Amarillo fine sandy loam were placed in a programmable temperature chamber and subjected to a series of changes in both temperature and VWC. Containers with Pullman soil and potting material were only subjected to changes in VWC at a constant temperature. Probe output at a constant temperature between air dry and a VWC of 0.25 m super(3) m super(-3) was linear for the Pullman soil and potting material and nonlinear for the Amarillo soil. When the Amarillo soil temperature varied between 15.9 and 39.1 not equal to super(-1) at a constant VWC, probe output changed the equivalent of 0.10 m super(3) m super(-3). The temperature sensitivity was 0.5 mV not equal to super(-1) for air-dry and about 5 mV not equal to super(-1) for wet Amarillo soil. We conclude that probe output is soil specific and, given the nonlinear response to increasing water content on some soils and sensitivity to temperature, will require soil-specific calibration equations. JF - Vadose Zone Journal AU - McMichael, Bobbie AU - Lascano, Robert J AD - USDA-ARS, 3810 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79415, r-lascano@tamu.edu Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 650 EP - 654 PB - Soil Science Society of America, 677 South Segoe Rd Maxison WI 53711 USA, [URL:http://www.soils.org/] VL - 2 IS - 4 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Moisture KW - USA, Texas, Amarillo KW - Sensors KW - Probes KW - Soil Water KW - Loam KW - Evaluation KW - Calibrations KW - Crop Production KW - Laboratories KW - Soil Temperature KW - Temperature KW - Clay Loam KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17583474?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vadose+Zone+Journal&rft.atitle=Laboratory+Evaluation+of+a+Commercial+Dielectric+Soil+Water+Sensor&rft.au=McMichael%2C+Bobbie%3BLascano%2C+Robert+J&rft.aulast=McMichael&rft.aufirst=Bobbie&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=650&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vadose+Zone+Journal&rft.issn=1539-1663&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature; Probes; Soil Water; Laboratories; Loam; Sensors; Calibrations; Soil Temperature; Clay Loam; Evaluation; Moisture; Crop Production; USA, Texas, Amarillo ER -